translation
translation |
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{
"en": "No rule exists concerning the materials of beads either.",
"ja": "珠の材質に関しても制限はない。"
}
|
{
"en": "The form of the nenju does not matter, but it is highly esteemed as a ritual implement to be used while putting hands flat together in prayer.",
"ja": "形状には拘らないが、合掌礼拝の際に用いる法具として大切にする。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the case of male believers : It is believed to be desirable to use a himo (code) tassel of one-handed nenju.",
"ja": "男性門徒の場合：片手念珠の紐房を用いる事が好ましいとされる。"
}
|
{
"en": "As there is no rule on the number of Omodama, the number is decided depending on the size of beads, and the nenju that is composed of 18 to 27 beads are generally used.",
"ja": "主珠の数に決まりは無く、大きさで決められ18～27珠の念珠が用いられる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Female believers of the Hongan-ji School of the Jodo Shinshu Sect (O-nishi (Nishi Hongan-ji Temple)): Female believers are often recommended not to use Honren Nenju.",
"ja": "浄土真宗本願寺派（お西）の女性門徒：女性も、本連の念珠を用いない事を勧められる場合が多い。"
}
|
{
"en": "Although a one-handed nenju for females is usually composed of 36 beads, there is no particular rule on the number of beads.",
"ja": "なお玉の数は、女性用片手念珠の場合36珠などだが、やはり数に決まりは無い。"
}
|
{
"en": "For one-hand nenju for females, kiri tassel, kashiranashi yori tassel (twisted tassel, or shinmatsu tassel (new pine tassel) and kashiratsuki yori tassel (twisted tassels with head) are mainly used.",
"ja": "女性用片手念珠は、切房・頭無しの撚房（新松房）・頭付撚房が主に用いられる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Female believers of the Otani School of the Jodo Shinshu Sect (O-higashi (Higashi Hongan-ji Temple): Likewise the case of O-nishi, one-hand nenju can be used.",
"ja": "真宗大谷派（お東）の女性門徒：お西同様に、片手念珠で構わない。"
}
|
{
"en": "Kiri tassel and shinmatsu tassel are mainly used for tassels.",
"ja": "房は、切房や新松房が主に用いられる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Notwithstanding the above, there is no problem for females to use Honren nenju which is generally called hassun monto (literally, 24 cm for followers).",
"ja": "しかし女性が、一般に八寸門徒と呼ばれる本連念珠を用いても問題は無い。"
}
|
{
"en": "In hassun monto, number of Omodama and Oyadama, allocation of Shitendama are the same as the juzu of Shingon Sect.",
"ja": "八寸門徒の形は、主珠・親珠の数、四天珠の配置は真言宗の数珠と同じ。"
}
|
{
"en": "Tassels have a distinctive feature because they are knotted in a unique manner, called 'rennyo-musubi' devised by Rennyo Shonin, so that they cannot be used for counting.",
"ja": "房に特徴があり、数取りが出来ない様に蓮如上人が考案した「蓮如結び」と呼ばれる独特な結び方がしてある。"
}
|
{
"en": "One bead of Jomyo is attached to the tassel attached to Oyadama of the Shitendama side and 5 beads of Deshidama are attached to the tip of each tassel knotted at the position of the 5th bead from Oyadama.",
"ja": "四天珠がある側の親珠に付く房は、浄名が一つ、弟子珠は親珠から5珠目ずつの所で結ばれその先に5珠ずつ付く。"
}
|
{
"en": "One bead of 'Tsuyu' is attached to the tip of each Deshidama.",
"ja": "弟子珠の先には、それぞれ「つゆ」が一つ付く。"
}
|
{
"en": "In other words, Deshidama is packed upwards in an X shape so that they are fixed.",
"ja": "つまり弟子珠をX型に上に詰めて動かないようしてある。"
}
|
{
"en": "A knot (rennyo-musubi) is made on the tassel attached to Oyadama on the opposite side.",
"ja": "反対側の親玉に付く房は、結び目（蓮如結び）を付ける。"
}
|
{
"en": "The tassel is attached without attaching Deshidama and 'Tsuyu.'",
"ja": "その先には、弟子珠・「つゆ」を入れずに房を付ける。"
}
|
{
"en": "As for the shape of tassels, kashiratsuki tassel is mainly used.",
"ja": "房の形は、頭付房をつける場合が多い。"
}
|
{
"en": "The Way of Holding Honren Nenju",
"ja": "本連念珠を持つ時の持ち方"
}
|
{
"en": "In the case of the Otani School, it should be used in the form of a double ring with 2 beads of Oyadama fixed at a thumb and 4 tassels hung down on the left side.",
"ja": "大谷派の場合は、二重にして2つの親珠を親指の所で挟み、4つの房を左側に垂らす。"
}
|
{
"en": "It should be hung on a hand with Oyadama of the Deshidama side situated at the fingertip side and Oyadama of the rennyo-musubi side situated at the body side.",
"ja": "その時、弟子珠がある方の親珠を指先側に、蓮如結びがある方の親玉を手前側にして手に掛ける。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the case of Hongan-ji School, it should be used in the form of a double ring and the tassels should be hung down.",
"ja": "本願寺派の場合は、二重にして房を下に垂らす。"
}
|
{
"en": "Although large-sized Honren nenju for males, with a length of over 38 cm and which have a nagafusa (long tassel), are seen, it is basically shozoku nenju (nenju for costume) for monks.",
"ja": "なお男性用サイズの尺二寸以上の大型で、長房の本連念珠も見かけるが、本来は僧侶用の装束念珠である。"
}
|
{
"en": "As for juzu of the Rinzai Sect, the number and allocation of Omodama, Oyadama and Shitendama are the same as those of the Tendai Sect.",
"ja": "臨済宗用の数珠は、主珠・親珠・四天珠の個数と配置は、天台宗用の数珠と同じ。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, the shape of Omodama is marudama.",
"ja": "ただし、主珠の形は丸珠。"
}
|
{
"en": "Bosa' (literally, Bosatsu (Bodhisattava)) is attached to Oyadama.",
"ja": "親珠の下に「ぼさ」が付く。"
}
|
{
"en": "Jomyo and Deshidama are not attached.",
"ja": "浄名・弟子珠は無い。"
}
|
{
"en": "While himo tassel is often used, kiri tassel is also used.",
"ja": "房の形は紐房が多いが、切房なども用いられる。"
}
|
{
"en": "As for juzu of the Soto Sect, the number and allocation of Omodama, Oyadama and Shitendama are the same as those of the Shingon Sect.",
"ja": "曹洞宗用の数珠は、主珠・親珠・四天珠の個数と配置は、真言宗の数珠と同じ。"
}
|
{
"en": "A tassel is attached only to Oyadama on the Shitendama side.",
"ja": "房は、四天珠のある側の親玉にのみ付く。"
}
|
{
"en": "The shape of the tassel is almost the same as that of the Rinzai Sect.",
"ja": "房の形は、臨済宗に准ずる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Oyadama to which a tassel is attached is slightly bigger than one to which a tassel is not attached.",
"ja": "房の付く親珠の方が、付かない親玉より若干大きい。"
}
|
{
"en": "Bosa' also is attached to Oyadama to which a tassel is attached.",
"ja": "「ぼさ」も房のある親珠のみ付く。"
}
|
{
"en": "Although it looks like juzu for Rinzai Sect, juzu for Soto Sect have a distinctive feature of using a metal ring called hyakuhachi-kankin (literally, one hundred and eight golden ring).",
"ja": "臨済宗の数珠に似ているが、曹洞宗の数珠は百八環金と呼ばれる金属製の環が通してある事が特徴。"
}
|
{
"en": "A silver ring is sometimes used for high-grade juzu.",
"ja": "高級な数珠には、銀製の環を用いることもある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Juzu for Nichiren Sect",
"ja": "日蓮宗用"
}
|
{
"en": "As for juzu for the Nichiren Sect, the number and allocation of Omodama, Oyadama and Shitendama are the same as those of the Shingon Sect.",
"ja": "日蓮宗用の数珠は、主珠・親珠・四天珠の個数と配置は、真言宗の数珠と同じ。"
}
|
{
"en": "Tassels have a distinctive feature since tassels attached to Oyadama are not symmetrical.",
"ja": "房に特徴があり、親珠から出る房の形が対称では無い。"
}
|
{
"en": "2 tassels with a bead of Jomyo are attached to Oyadama (also called Jomyodama) situated on the Shitendama side (the side to be hung on the middle finger of the right hand) and knots are made on each tassel at the position of the 5th beads from Oyadama and 5 beads of Deshidama are attached on their tips.",
"ja": "四天珠がある側（右手の中指に掛ける側）の親珠〔浄名珠とも〕に付く房は2本で、浄名が一つ、弟子珠は親珠から5珠目ずつの所で結ばれその先に5珠ずつ付く。"
}
|
{
"en": "Tsuyu' is attached to the tip of each Deshidama.",
"ja": "それぞれの弟子珠先にはに「つゆ」が付く。"
}
|
{
"en": "3 tassels are attached to Oyadama (also called odome) situated on the side where Shitendama doesn't exist (the side to be hung on the middle finger of the left hand) and a knot is situated under Oyadama.",
"ja": "四天珠が無い側（左手の中指に掛ける側）の親珠〔緒留とも〕に付く房は3本で、親珠の下に結び目がある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Out of 3 tassels, 5 beads of Deshidama as well as 'Tsuyu' are attached to 2 tassels for each.",
"ja": "3本の内の2本は、弟子珠がそれぞれ5珠ずつ付き、「つゆ」もそれぞれに付く。"
}
|
{
"en": "The remaining 1 tassel called \"kazutori\" (counting) is shorter than the other 2 tassels and 10 beads of Deshidama are attached to it.",
"ja": "残りの一本は、『数取』と呼ばれ他の2本より長さが短く、弟子珠が10珠付く。"
}
|
{
"en": "Tsuyu' is not attached to \"kazutori.\"",
"ja": "『数取』には「つゆ」が付かない。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the Nichiren Sect, even lay believers must use formal nenju (informal nenju is not be used).",
"ja": "日蓮宗の場合、在家信者も必ず本式念珠を用いる事になっている（略式念珠を用いない)。"
}
|
{
"en": "- The above explanations are basically made regarding juzu for lay believers.",
"ja": "●上記は、主に在家用の数珠についてである。"
}
|
{
"en": "As for juzu for monks, the above may not be applicable since there are more detailed rules concerning costumes, and so on.",
"ja": "僧侶用は、装束などにより細かい規定があり、この限りではない。"
}
|
{
"en": "- There are subtle differences in the designs of juzu depending on sects/schools.",
"ja": "●宗旨・宗派によっても、数珠の仕様に細かな点で違いがある。"
}
|
{
"en": "- In some regions, there are restrictions on the color of beads and/or tassels.",
"ja": "●地方によっては、珠や房の色に決まりがある。"
}
|
{
"en": "(For funeral, Omodama (white or transparent), tassels (white); for Buddhist memorial service, Omodama (colored ones), tassels (colored tassels), and so on.)",
"ja": "（葬儀には、主珠（白又は透明）･房（白色）、法要には、主珠（色のある物）･房（色房）など）"
}
|
{
"en": "Custom-made juzu are available at some shops specialized in nenju.",
"ja": "念珠専門店などでは、オーダーメイドにて製作してくれる店もある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Juzu of gradation, such as the ones made from crystal or amethyst, which is not available on the market, are also available.",
"ja": "本水晶と紫水晶を用いてのグラデーションの数珠を作るなど、市販品にはない凝った物も入手できる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Juzu should be repaired before the inner string is broken.",
"ja": "数珠は、中糸が切れる前に修理に出す。"
}
|
{
"en": "When tassels are damaged, they can be replaced under normal conditions.",
"ja": "房が痛んだ場合も、通常は交換できる。"
}
|
{
"en": "By replacing the inner string, juzu, especially the expensive one or the one of a keepsake, can be used for a long time.",
"ja": "高価な数珠はもちろんの事、形見の数珠などは中糸を交換する事により永く使用することができる。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is said that the color of juzu made from Bo tree or seigetsu linden (unbleached) will gradually change the color in amber over time and have depth to its color.",
"ja": "天竺菩提樹や星月菩提樹（無漂白な物）などは、時間とともに飴色に変わっていき味わいが増すとされる。"
}
|
{
"en": "Repairs are undertaken by shops specializing in nenju or Buddhist altar stores which deal with the repair of juzu.",
"ja": "修理は、念珠専門店、数珠修理に対応している仏壇店などで引受けてもらえる。"
}
|
{
"en": "There exist some people who do not replace an inner string based on the thought that the cutting of string leads to the cutting of mishap.",
"ja": "厄が切れるとの考えから、交換しない場合もある。"
}
|
{
"en": "For the same reason, it is believed that the natural cutting of string doesn't necessarily mean bad luck.",
"ja": "また、自然に切れた場合も、前記の理由により縁起が悪い訳では無いとされる。"
}
|
{
"en": "8 reidama (spirit beads) which appear in \"Nanso Satomi hakken den\" (The story of eight dog samurai and a princess of Satomi family in Nanso region) are 8 big beads that flown from crystal-made juzu that was possessed by Princess Fusehime and the remaining 100 small beads are connected and becomes juzu that Chudai hoshi possesses.",
"ja": "『南総里見八犬伝』に登場する8つの霊玉は、伏姫の持っていた水晶の数珠のうち8つの大玉が飛び散った物で、残りの100個の小玉は連ねられ、ゝ大法師が所持する数珠となっている。"
}
|
{
"en": "Similar things are used in other religions, such as Rosario in Christianity.",
"ja": "他宗教でも、例えばキリスト教ではロザリオのように、同様の物が使用されることがある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Sometimes juzu is written in Chinese characters as '珠数' instead of '数珠' by changing the order of each Chinese character.",
"ja": "字の前後を入れ替えて「珠数」と書く場合もある。"
}
|
{
"en": "According to the grammar of the Chinese language, which is the origin of a pair of these Chinese characters, a verb should be placed before a noun and this is the reason why 'juzu' is written as '数珠.'",
"ja": "「じゅず」という読みを「数珠」と書くのは、この熟語を作った中国の文法では動詞を先にする事になっているからである。"
}
|
{
"en": "In Chinese, 'to count the number of beads' is written as '数珠.'",
"ja": "「珠を数える」を中国語では「数珠」と書く。"
}
|
{
"en": "Inso is a Buddhist and Hinduism term which refers to the gesture of the hands having a certain symbolic meaning.",
"ja": "印相（いんそう、いんぞう）は、ヒンドゥー教および仏教の用語で、両手で示すジェスチャーによって、ある意味を象徴的に表現するものである。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is a translation of a Sanskrit term mudraa, which originally means 'seal,' 'stamp,' and so forth.",
"ja": "サンスクリット語ムドラー(mudraa)の漢訳であり、本来は「封印」「印章」などを意味する。"
}
|
{
"en": "In Japanese terms, it has the same meaning as the term ingei (印契) or its simplified form in (印), referring mainly to the symbolic gesture of a Buddhist statue.",
"ja": "日本語では印契(いんげい)、あるいは単に印(いん)とも言い、おもに仏像が両手で示す象徴的なジェスチャーのことを指す。"
}
|
{
"en": "There are several fixed patterns of inso in a Buddhist statue existing in a Buddhist temple or the like, which include the followings: one formed by hands clasped in the lap, like that of Kamakura Daibutsu (the Great Buddha of Kamakura); one formed by the right hand being raised and the left hand resting on the lap, like that of the huge image of Rushana Buddha of Todai-ji Temple.",
"ja": "寺院その他で見かける仏像には、鎌倉大仏のように両手を膝の上で組み合わせるもの、東大寺盧舎那仏像のように右手を挙げ、左手を下げるものなど、両手の示すポーズ、すなわち印相には決まったパターンがある。"
}
|
{
"en": "Each form of inso has a doctrinal meaning that represents the details, nature and function of the spiritual awakening experienced by a Buddha; accordingly, ascertaining what form of inso is assumed by a Buddhist image allows, to some extent, the guessing of what Buddha is represented by the image.",
"ja": "それぞれの印相には諸仏の悟りの内容、性格、働きなどを表わす教義的な意味があり、仏像がどの印相を結んでいるかによって、その仏像が何であるか、ある程度推測がつく。"
}
|
{
"en": "Buddhas and Bosatsu (Bodhisattva) assuming various forms of inso are depicted in mandala (place of practicing Buddhism to attain spiritual enlightenment) of Esoteric Buddhism; however, this column briefly explains about several typical types of inso that are seen in Buddhist temples, and so on.",
"ja": "密教の曼荼羅などには、さまざまな印相を結ぶ仏、菩薩像が表現されているが、ここでは日本の寺院などで見かける代表的なもの数種類について略説する。"
}
|
{
"en": "Major Types of Inso",
"ja": "おもな印相"
}
|
{
"en": "Semui-in (mudra for bestowing fearlessness)",
"ja": "施無畏印（せむいいん）"
}
|
{
"en": "It is the inso formed by a hand raised with the palm facing outward.",
"ja": "手を上げて手のひらを前に向けた印相。"
}
|
{
"en": "As the meaning of the kanji, this is a sign indicating to a viewer that he or she 'does not need to fear' to encourage him or her.",
"ja": "漢字の示す意味通り「恐れなくてよい」と相手を励ますサインである。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is assumed by Fukujoju Nyorai (Amoghasiddhi, one of the Five Wisdom Buddhas).",
"ja": "不空成就如来が結ぶ。"
}
|
{
"en": "Yogan-in (wish-granting mudra)",
"ja": "与願印（よがんいん）"
}
|
{
"en": "It is the inso formed by a hand pointing downward with the palm facing outward.",
"ja": "手を下げて手のひらを前に向けた印相。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the case of a seated statue, the palm may face upward; in this case, however, the finger side of the palm is tilted downward so that a viewer can see the palm.",
"ja": "座像の場合などでは手のひらを上に向ける場合もあるが、その場合も指先側を下げるように傾けて相手に手のひらが見えるようにする。"
}
|
{
"en": "This form imitates a gesture made when a person gives something to others and is assumed by Hosho Nyorai Hosho Nyorai (Ratnasambhava, one of the Five Wisdom Buddhas), and so on.",
"ja": "相手に何かを与えるしぐさを模したもので宝生如来などが結ぶ。"
}
|
{
"en": "Semui-Yogan-in",
"ja": "施無畏与願印（せむいよがんいん）"
}
|
{
"en": "It is the inso formed by a combination of the right hand taking the form of Semui-in and the left hand taking the form of Yogan-in.",
"ja": "右手を施無畏印にし、左手を与願印にした印。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the case of a seated statue, the palm of the left hand points upward while resting on the lap.",
"ja": "坐像の場合は左手のひらを上に向け、膝上に乗せる。"
}
|
{
"en": "This is a sign indicating that believers' wishes will be granted.",
"ja": "これは信者の願いをかなえようというサインである。"
}
|
{
"en": "Semui-Yogan-in is one of the typical forms of inso shown by an statue of nyorai (Tathagata), and many statues of Shakyamuni Nyorai show inso of this form.",
"ja": "施無畏与願印は、如来像の示す印相として一般的なものの1つで、釈迦如来にこの印相を示すものが多い。"
}
|
{
"en": "An statue of nyorai with the palm of the left hand taking the form of Yogan-in and bearing a medicine pot is a statue of Yakushi Nyorai (the healing Buddha).",
"ja": "与願印を示す左手の上に薬壷が載っていれば薬師如来である。"
}
|
{
"en": "However, some of the statues of Yakushi Nyorai lack a medicine pot because of loss or originally there was no medicine pot.",
"ja": "ただし、薬師如来像には、本来あった薬壷の失われたものや、もともと薬壷を持たない像もある。"
}
|
{
"en": "In addition, some of the statues of Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) represent Semui-Yogan-in; therefore, it is impossible in many cases to identify what Buddha is represented by this inso only.",
"ja": "また、阿弥陀如来像のなかにも施無畏与願印を表わすものがあり、この印相のみで何仏かを判別することは不可能な場合が多い。"
}
|
{
"en": "Figure 1 shows Tian Tan Buddha assuming Semui-Yogan-in, which is located in Lantau Island, Hong Kong.",
"ja": "図1は香港・ランタオ島の天壇大仏で、施無畏与願印を結ぶ。"
}
|
{
"en": "Tenborin-in (teaching mudra)",
"ja": "転法輪印（てんぽうりんいん）"
}
|
{
"en": "It is one of the forms of inso that may be assumed by Shakyamuni Nyorai, which is formed by both hands turned upward in front of the chest with the tips of the thumbs of both hands put together and the tips of the same fingers of both hands put together to form a circle.",
"ja": "釈迦如来の印相の1つで、両手を胸の高さまで上げ、親指と他の指の先を合わせて輪を作る。"
}
|
{
"en": "This imitates a gesture made when a person explains something to another, and therefore is called Seppo-in (the term \"seppo\" means preaching).",
"ja": "手振りで相手に何かを説明しているしぐさを模したもので「説法印」とも言う。"
}
|
{
"en": "The term 'tenborin' refers literally to spinning the dharma wheel and metaphorically to 'expounding the truth.'",
"ja": "「転法輪」（法輪を転ずる）とは、「真理を説く」ことの比喩である。"
}
|
{
"en": "Because of the existence of many patterns for which fingers and a thumb are put together, in what direction a palm is oriented (outward, inward, upward or otherwise), and so forth, there are many variations of this inso.",
"ja": "親指とどの指を合わせるか、手のひらを前に向けるか自分に向けるか上に向けるかなどによって様々なバリエーションがある。"
}
|
{
"en": "In the case of Shakyamuni Nyorai depicted in Shakyamuni-in (one of the 12 sections (\"in\" in Japanese) constituting Taizokai mandala) in Taizokai ((Womb Realm) mandala, for example, the right and left hands face outward and inward, respectively, with the finger tips of both hands pointing upward.",
"ja": "例えば胎蔵界曼荼羅釈迦院の釈迦如来の場合、両手の指先を上に向け、右手は前に、左手は自分側に向ける。"
}
|
{
"en": "In this case, the right hand represents preaching to the audience while the left hand represents preaching to oneself.",
"ja": "この場合、右手は聴衆への説法を意味し左手は自分への説法を意味する。"
}
|
{
"en": "Jo-in (samadhi mudra, gesture of meditation)",
"ja": "定印（じょういん）"
}
|
{
"en": "It is used with a seated statue formed by the palms of both hands facing upward and put on top of one another in front of the abdomen (in the lap).",
"ja": "坐像で、両手の手のひらを上にして腹前（膝上）で上下に重ね合わせた形である。"
}
|
{
"en": "This indicates that the Buddha is absorbed in contemplation (meditation).",
"ja": "これは仏が思惟（瞑想）に入っていることを指す印相である。"
}
|
{
"en": "It is assumed by Shakyamuni Nyorai or Dainichi Nyorai (the Great Sun Buddha) (in Taizokai) formed by the right hand put on top of the left hand with the tips of both thumbs put together and other fingers stretched.",
"ja": "釈迦如来、大日如来（胎蔵界）の定印は左手の上に右手を重ね、両手の親指の先を合わせて他の指は伸ばす。"
}
|
{
"en": "This gesture is specifically called Hokkaijo-in, which is famous for being taken on the occasion of Zen meditation.",
"ja": "これを法界定印(ほっかいじょういん)といい、座禅の時結ぶ事でなじみ深い印相である。"
}
|
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