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{ "en": "Eihei-ji Temple's branch temple, Chokoku-ji Temple - Minato Ward, Tokyo", "ja": "永平寺別院長谷寺-東京都港区(東京都)" }
{ "en": "Eihei-ji Temple's Nagoya branch temple - Daikan-cho, Higashi Ward, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture", "ja": "永平寺名古屋別院-愛知県名古屋市東区(名古屋市)代官町" }
{ "en": "Eihei-ji Temple's Kagoshima branch temple, Shoryu-ji Temple - Matsubara, Aira-gun, Kagoshima Prefecture", "ja": "永平寺鹿児島別院紹隆寺-鹿児島県姶良郡松原" }
{ "en": "Soji-ji Temple -Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama City (chief abbot, Zen master Kosen Omichi)", "ja": "總持寺-横浜市鶴見区(横浜市)（貫首：大道晃仙禅師）" }
{ "en": "It was founded by Jokin KEIZAN in 1321 at Monzen-machi, Wajima City, Ishikawa Prefecture, as requested by JOKEN Risshi of the Noto-no-kuni, in Noto Province.", "ja": "元亨元年（1321年）に、瑩山紹瑾が能登国の定賢律師の要請で石川県輪島市門前町(石川県)に開く。" }
{ "en": "It was destroyed by fire in 1898 and was moved to the present location in 1911.", "ja": "明治31年（1898年）に火災で焼失し、明治44年（1911年）に現在地に移転。" }
{ "en": "Sojiji-soin (總持寺祖院) was reconstructed at the original site (Monzen-machi, Wajima City, Ishikawa Prefecture) in 1905.", "ja": "總持寺祖院-明治38年（1905年）より元の地（石川県輪島市門前町）に復興" }
{ "en": "Hogen-ji Temple - Matsushiro, Matsumae-cho, Matsumae-gun, Hokkaido", "ja": "法源寺-北海道松前郡松前町(北海道)松城" }
{ "en": "Historically, Shobo-ji Temple (Oshu City, Iwate Prefecture) was the head temple for the two Ou provinces, and Daiji-ji Temple (Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture) was for a while the head temple of Kyushu; however, Eihei-ji Temple and Soji-ji Temple became head temples based on the Act for Temples in 1615.", "ja": "歴史的には正法寺(奥州市)（岩手県奥州市）が奥羽二州の本山、大慈寺（熊本県熊本市）が九州本山であった期間があるが、元和(日本)元年（1615年）の寺院法度により永平寺、總持寺のみが大本山となる。" }
{ "en": "The Nyorai sect (Nyorai-kyo) was founded in Nagoya in 1802 by Kino ISSONNYORAI.", "ja": "如来宗（如来教）-享和2年（1802年）に一尊如来きのによって名古屋に開かれた。" }
{ "en": "It had been a temple of the Soto sect since 1884, but ultimately it gained independence through the implementation of the Religious Corporation Act in 1951.", "ja": "明治17年（1884年）以降、昭和26年（1951年）に宗教法人法の施行によって独立するまで曹洞宗の教会として活動。" }
{ "en": "Its dharma is a mixture of a faith for the guardian deity of seafaring, a faith for the purity of the land and others, so that it does not have a strong relationship with the dharma of the Soto sect.", "ja": "同宗の教義は金毘羅信仰や浄土信仰などの混生であり、曹洞宗本来の教えとは関連が薄い。" }
{ "en": "Issonkyodan, the derivative sect mentioned above", "ja": "一尊教団-上記教団の分派。" }
{ "en": "Active mainly in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture", "ja": "石川県金沢市を中心に活動。" }
{ "en": "Guze-kyo was established in Niigata by Choan DAIDO in 1886 as a derivation from the Soto sect.", "ja": "救世教-明治19年（1886年）、新潟の大道長安が曹洞宗から離脱して結成。" }
{ "en": "It saw as the main image Kannon Bodhisattva, Kannon Bosatsu, who is the Nyorai with great compassion and mercy, and insisted upon relief in the present world by the extreme power of Kannon Bosatsu, which does not consider its own power or that of others (自力他力).", "ja": "大慈大悲の事実上の如来である観音菩薩を本尊として、自力他力を超えた観音妙力による現世救済を主張した。" }
{ "en": "Its dedicated efforts on behalf of social welfare became widespread throughout Japan, but it declined rapidly after Choan DAIDO's nirvana in 1908, partly due to the lack of a successor.", "ja": "社会福祉に力を注ぎ全国に教線を拡大したが、明治41年（1908年）に大道長安が入寂すると後継者がいないこともあって急速に衰退。" }
{ "en": "Hoo-kyo was a \"popular\" religious movement that Doken TAKADA promoted in the latter part of the Meiji period and the Taisho period.", "ja": "法王教-明治後期から大正期にかけて高田道見が推進した“通俗的”布教運動。" }
{ "en": "Doken had continued activities such as meditation meetings and sermon visits based at the Seisho-ji Temple, but from the beginning of the Taisho period, he put an emphasis on the promotion of lay Buddhism by publishing monthly magazines or holding lecture meetings without regard to the Soto sect's dharma.", "ja": "道見は青松寺を拠点として参禅会や訪問法話会などの教化活動を続けていたが、大正期に入ってからは曹洞宗の教義にこだわらず、月刊誌などの出版物、講演会を通した在家仏教の振興に力を注いだ。" }
{ "en": "He called his activities 'Hoo-kyo,' meaning 'Buddhism based on Hoo Daisho Shakamunibutsu's true heart.'", "ja": "自らの活動に「法王大聖釈迦牟尼仏の本旨に基づく仏教」という意味で「法王教」の名を冠した。" }
{ "en": "After Doken's nirvana in 1923, the movement, which had its own sect name, finished.", "ja": "大正12年（1923年）、道見が入寂すると独自の教派名を冠した運動は終息した。" }
{ "en": "Additionally, because Doken retained his title as a monk of the Soto sect until he died, 'Hoo-kyo' is generally considered to be a movement within the Soto sect as opposed to an independent sect.", "ja": "なお、道見は最後まで曹洞宗の僧籍を保持していたため、「法王教」を独立した教団ではなく曹洞宗内の一運動であったとする見方が一般的である。" }
{ "en": "Sanpo-kyodan was founded by Hakuun YASUTANI in 1954 in Kamakura City, Kanagawa Prefecture, after his withdrawal from the Soto sect.", "ja": "三宝教団-昭和29年（1954年）、安谷白雲が曹洞宗から離脱して神奈川県鎌倉市に結成。" }
{ "en": "It built such an original way of training as to place Doken's teaching at the center and use Zen koans for meditation.", "ja": "同教団は道元の教えを中核に置きながら、公案を取り入れるなど独自の修行法を構築。" }
{ "en": "Today it focuses on the teaching of meditation for lay people and has bases for Zen meditation abroad.", "ja": "現在は一般在家者への坐禅指導を中心とし、海外にも参禅拠点がある。" }
{ "en": "Other than the foregoing, there are a few independent temples of the Soto sect:", "ja": "この他、曹洞宗系の単立寺院が少数存在する。" }
{ "en": "Kannon Bodhisattva, Kannon Bosatsu,（अवलोकितेश्वर Avalokiteśvara in Sanskrit) is a sacred image (一尊) of Bosatsu in Buddhism and a kind of Buddha (尊格) that has attained widespread faithful since ancient times, particularly in Japan.", "ja": "観音菩薩（かんのんぼさつ、觀音菩薩）、サンスクリットアヴァローキテーシュヴァラ（अवलोकितेश्वरAvalokiteśvara）は、仏教の菩薩の一尊であり、特に日本において古代より広く信仰を集めている尊格である。" }
{ "en": "It is also called 'Kanzeon Bosatsu' or 'Kanjizai Bosatsu.'", "ja": "「観世音菩薩」または「観自在菩薩」ともいう。" }
{ "en": "It has many other names such as 'Kuse Bosatsu' or 'Guse Bosatsu.'", "ja": "「救世菩薩（くせぼさつ・ぐせぼさつ）」など多数の別名がある。" }
{ "en": "Origin of name", "ja": "名称の由来" }
{ "en": "A superior thesis at present regarding the Sanskrit Avalokiteśvara is that it was mixture of words, ava (universally) +lokita (see, saw) + īśvara (universalist).", "ja": "梵名のアヴァローキテーシュヴァラとは、ava（遍く）+lokita（見る、見た）+īśvara（自在者）という語の合成語との説が現在では優勢である。" }
{ "en": "A translation by Genjosanzo, 'Kanjizai Bosatsu' can be seen as having adopted that thesis.", "ja": "玄奘三蔵による訳「観自在菩薩」はそれを採用していることになる。" }
{ "en": "It is pointed out that the origin relates to the goddess Anahita, a daughter of Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism and Laksmi in the Indian mythology.", "ja": "その起源については、ゾロアスター教においてアフラ・マズダーの娘とされる女神アナーヒターやインド神話のラクシュミーとの関連が指摘されている。" }
{ "en": "In an old translation by Kumaraju, it was called Kanzeon Bosatsu, while at that time the name in China was also Kanzeon Bosatsu.", "ja": "鳩摩羅什（くまらじゅう）の旧訳では観世音菩薩と言い、当時の中国大陸での呼称も、観世音菩薩であった。" }
{ "en": "Accordingly, there is a thesis that it was translated freely, complying with the point of Kannon-gyo Sutra (Myoho Renge-kyo Kanzeon Bosatsu Fumon Hon No. 25, 妙法蓮華経観世音菩薩普門品第二十五).", "ja": "これには、観音経（妙法蓮華経観世音菩薩普門品第二十五）の趣意を取って意訳したという説がある。" }
{ "en": "Additionally, in the old Sanskrit \"Hoke-kyo Sutra,\" which was discovered in Central Asia, it was written as 'avalokitasvara,' so that it can be interpreted as avalokita (see) + svara (sound); there is another old translation as \"Koseon Bosatsu,\" so that it is possible to assume these were different texts.", "ja": "また、中央アジアで発見された古いサンスクリット語の『法華経』では、「avalokitasvara」となっており、これに沿えばavalokita(観)+svara(音)と解され、また古訳では『光世音菩薩』の訳語もあることなどから、異なるテキストだった可能性は否定できない。" }
{ "en": "Because the character \"世\" could not be used due to the taboo against using the name of the second Tang Emperor Shi Min LI, it became established as Kannon Bosatsu after the Tang period in China.", "ja": "唐の二代目皇帝李世民の名から避諱により、”世”の文字は使用出来なくなったため、唐時代以後の中国大陸では、以後、観音菩薩と呼ばれるようになり定着した。" }
{ "en": "It was translated as Kanjizai Bosatsu in the new version after Genjosanzo.", "ja": "玄奘三蔵（げんじょうさんぞう）以降の新訳では観自在菩薩と訳している。" }
{ "en": "Kanjizai means that contemplation with prajna leads to the religious fruit (妙果) of the universalist.", "ja": "観自在とは、智慧をもって観照することにより自在の妙果を得たるを意味する。" }
{ "en": "Moreover, it is also called semuisha (施無畏者), the person who gives one a fearless mind, or guse daishi (救世大士), who can relieve this world.", "ja": "また衆生に総てを畏れざる無畏心を施す意で施無畏者、世を救済するので救世大士ともいう。" }
{ "en": "Faith", "ja": "信仰・位置づけ" }
{ "en": "Based on Kannon-gyo Sutra and others, it is widely believed and worshiped.", "ja": "観音経などに基づいて広く信仰・礼拝の対象となっている。" }
{ "en": "In addition, it is the Bosatsu who appears in the beginning of Heart of Great Perfect Wisdom Sutra (Hannya Shingyo) and is a symbol of Hannya's prajna as well.", "ja": "また、般若心経の冒頭に登場する菩薩でもあり、般若の智慧の象徴ともなっている。" }
{ "en": "In Jodo-kyo, it is often placed as an attendant of Amidanyorai with Seishi Bosatsu by the preaching of Kanmuryoju-kyo Sutra.", "ja": "浄土教では観無量寿経の説くところにより阿弥陀如来の脇侍として勢至菩薩とともに安置されることも多い。" }
{ "en": "The fundamental sword (本誓） of Kannon Bosatsu is great compassion and mercy.", "ja": "観音菩薩は大慈大悲を本誓とする。" }
{ "en": "In Japan it had been shaped into a statue from the Asuka period and, linked with practical benefits in this world, it is widely believed without regard to time and place.", "ja": "日本では飛鳥時代から造像例があり、現世利益と結びつけられて、時代・地域を問わず広く信仰されている。" }
{ "en": "It has a suibyo (a small water bottle).", "ja": "持物として水瓶（すいびょう）をもつ。" }
{ "en": "It is said that in the suibyo there is kudokusui (功徳水), meaning water that never dries up.", "ja": "そこには功徳水という、いくら使ってもなくならない水が入っているという。" }
{ "en": "The pure land where Kannon lives is called Potaraka (Fudaraku) and is preached in 'Kegon-kyo Sutra' as 補怛落迦 of 摩頼矩咤国 in southern India.", "ja": "観音の在す住処・浄土は、Potaraka（補陀落）といい、「華厳経」には、南インドの摩頼矩咤国の補怛落迦であると説かれる。" }
{ "en": "Kanzeon Bosatsu is often assumed to be a female, as in the term 'Jibo (affectionate mother) Kannon.'", "ja": "観世音菩薩は、「慈母観音」などという言葉から示されるように、俗に女性と見る向きが多い。" }
{ "en": "This is because Jizo Bosatsu is seen as a pair of Ichi-Sendai-Daihi-Sendai(一闡提大悲闡提) like Kannon, and many Kannon statues have feminine faces while Jizo is a male monk.", "ja": "これは、たとえば地蔵菩薩が観音と同じ一闡提大悲闡提の一対として見る場合が多く、地蔵が男性の僧侶形の像容であるのに対し、観音は女性的な顔立ちの像容も多いことからそのように見る場合が多い。" }
{ "en": "Because Shaka calls Kannon 'zennanshi, a man who believes Buddhism' in Sutras and there is a word 'Kannon Daishi,' it was originally regarded as a male; however, in Kannon-gyo Sutra it gives a sermon with a feminine appearance to women (婦女身得度者、即現婦女身而為説法) so that gradually it has been assumed to have no sexuality.", "ja": "しかし、経典などでは釈迦が観音に向かって「善男子よ」と呼びかけ、また「観音大士」という言葉もあることから、本来は男性であったと考えられているが、観音経では「婦女身得度者、即現婦女身而為説法」と、女性には女性に変身して説法するともあるため、次第に性別は無いものとして捉えられるようになった。" }
{ "en": "In later ages it tends to be seen as female.", "ja": "また後代に至ると観音を女性と見る傾向が多くなった。" }
{ "en": "This is because the faith for Kannon spread widely from Fudaraku (Zhoushan islands and the east-central Chinese province of Zhejiang), a great holy place, to the East China Sea and Huang Hai, so that it came to be related to the folk faith of praying for a safe voyage and the faith in goddesses such as Matsu (of Taoism).", "ja": "これは中国における観音信仰の一大聖地である補陀落（浙江省・舟山群島）から東シナ海域や黄海にまで広まったことで、その航海安全を祈念する民俗信仰や道教の媽祖信仰などの女神と結びついたためと考えられている。" }
{ "en": "Therefore, some people discuss the sexuality of Kannon, associating it with 'Henjo Nanshi (変成男子)' in Hoke-kyo sutra, but apparently there is no relationship between them.", "ja": "したがって、観音の性別を法華経の「変成男子（へんじょうなんし）」と関連して論じる向きもあるが、これは関係ないとされる。" }
{ "en": "When Kannon relieves people in this world, it changes its appearance in various ways according to the person's mind (character or ability to understand the teachings of Buddhism).", "ja": "観音が世を救済するに、広く衆生の機根（性格や仏の教えを聞ける器）に応じて、種々の形体を現じる。" }
{ "en": "This is called Fumonjigen (普門示現) by Kannon.", "ja": "これを観音の普門示現（ふもんじげん）という。" }
{ "en": "According to 'Kanzeon Bosatsu Fumon Hon No. 25' of the Hoke-kyo (Kannon-gyo) sutra, in order to provide relief to all people, Kanzeon Bosatsu adopts one of 33 different appearances to meet the needs of the particular person; these appearances include 'Busshin,' 'Shomonshin,' and 'Bonnoshin' (as below).", "ja": "法華経「観世音菩薩普門品第二十五」（観音経）には、観世音菩薩はあまねく衆生を救うために相手に応じて「仏身」「声聞（しょうもん）身」「梵王身」など、33の姿に変身すると説かれている（下記の通り）。" }
{ "en": "The number '33,' which is seen in the names such as the 33 Temples of Saigoku (西国三十三箇所) or Sanjusangendo (33-gendo) Temple, stems from this.", "ja": "西国三十三箇所、三十三間堂などに見られる「33」という数字はここに由来する。" }
{ "en": "Additionally, '33 Kannon' (see below) came to be believed based on the concept of Hoke-kyo Sutra in China and modern Japan, but there is no description of the 33 Kannon's names in Hoke-kyo sutra.", "ja": "なお「三十三観音」（後述）とは、この法華経の所説に基づき、中国及び近世の日本において信仰されるようになったものであって、法華経の中にこれら33種の観音の名称が登場するわけではない。" }
{ "en": "This idea of Fumonjigen led to the creation of various appearances of Kannon, such as Roku Kannon, Shichi Kannon, Jugoson Kannon and Sanjyu-san Kannon.", "ja": "この普門示現の考え方から、六観音、七観音、十五尊観音、三十三観音など多様多種な別身を派生するに至った。" }
{ "en": "For this reason there are various shapes of statues of the Kannon, called Henge (Changed) Kannon (other than the basic Sho Kannon).", "ja": "このため、観音像には基本となる聖観音（しょうかんのん）の他、変化（へんげ）観音と呼ばれるさまざまな形の像がある。" }
{ "en": "Unlike the perception of Kannon as an attendant of Amidanyorai, Kannon Bosatsu, which was worshiped as an independent Buddha, tends to be prayed to for practical benefits in this world.", "ja": "阿弥陀如来の脇侍としての観音と異なり、独尊として信仰される観音菩薩は、現世利益的な信仰が強い。" }
{ "en": "Therefore, it is often portrayed as having a superhuman appearance with many faces and many hands, this being from the viewpoint of relieving all people and achieving all people's wishes.", "ja": "そのため、あらゆる人を救い、人々のあらゆる願いをかなえるという観点から、多面多臂の超人間的な姿に表されることが多い。" }
{ "en": "33 forms of Kannon", "ja": "三十三身の種類" }
{ "en": "(1) Busshin", "ja": "(1)仏身（ぶっしん）" }
{ "en": "(4) Daibonoshin", "ja": "(4)大梵王身（だいぼんおうしん）" }
{ "en": "(7) Daijizaitenshin", "ja": "(7)大自在天身（だいじざいてんしん）" }
{ "en": "(10) Shooshin", "ja": "(10)小王身（しょうおうしん）" }
{ "en": "(13) Saikanshin", "ja": "(13)宰官身（さいかんしん）" }
{ "en": "(16) Bikunishin", "ja": "(16)比丘尼身（びくにしん）" }
{ "en": "(19) Jinshin", "ja": "(19)人身（じんしん）" }
{ "en": "(22) Doumokutennyoshin", "ja": "(22)童目天女身（どうもくてんにょしん）" }
{ "en": "(25) Tenshin", "ja": "(25)天身（てんしん）" }
{ "en": "(28) Kendatsubashin", "ja": "(28)乾闥婆身（けんだつばしん）" }
{ "en": "(31) Kinnarashin", "ja": "(31)緊那羅身（きんならしん）" }
{ "en": "(2) Byakushibutsushin", "ja": "(2)辟支仏身（びゃくしぶつしん）" }
{ "en": "(5) Taishakushin", "ja": "(5)帝釈身（たいしゃくしん）" }
{ "en": "(8) Tendaishogunshin", "ja": "(8)天大将軍身（てんだいしょうぐんしん）" }
{ "en": "(11) Chojashin", "ja": "(11)長者身（ちょうじゃしん）" }
{ "en": "(14) Baramonshin", "ja": "(14)婆羅門身（ばらもんしん）" }
{ "en": "(17) Ubasokushin", "ja": "(17)優婆塞身（うばそくしん）" }
{ "en": "(20) Hijinshin", "ja": "(20)非人身（ひじんしん）" }
{ "en": "(23) Donanshin", "ja": "(23)童男身（どうなんしん）" }
{ "en": "(26) Ryushin", "ja": "(26)龍身（りゅうしん）" }
{ "en": "(29) Ashurashin", "ja": "(29)阿修羅身（あしゅらしん）" }
{ "en": "(32) Magorakashin", "ja": "(32)摩睺羅迦身（まごらかしん）" }
{ "en": "(3) Shomonshin", "ja": "(3)声聞身（しょうもんしん）" }
{ "en": "(6) Jizaitenshin", "ja": "(6)自在天身（じざいてんしん）" }
{ "en": "(9) Bishamonshin", "ja": "(9)毘沙門身（びしゃもんしん）" }
{ "en": "(12) Kojishin", "ja": "(12)居士身（こじしん）" }
{ "en": "(15) Bikushin", "ja": "(15)比丘身（びくしん）" }
{ "en": "(18) Ubaishin", "ja": "(18)優婆夷身（うばいしん）" }
{ "en": "(21) Fujoshin", "ja": "(21)婦女身（ふじょしん）" }
{ "en": "(24) Donyoshin", "ja": "(24)童女身（どうにょしん）" }
{ "en": "(27) Yashashin", "ja": "(27)夜叉身（やしゃしん）" }
{ "en": "(30) Karurashin", "ja": "(30)迦樓羅身（かるらしん）" }
{ "en": "(33) Shukongoshin", "ja": "(33)執金剛身（しゅうこんごうしん）" }
{ "en": "In the Shingon sects Sho Kannon, Juichimen Kannon (i.e. Kannon with 11 faces (十一面観音), Senju Kannon, Bato Kannon, Nyoirin Kannon and Jundei Kannon are called Roku Kannon (six Kannon), and in the Tendai sects Fukukensaku Kannon is added to Roku Kannon instead of Jundei Kannon.", "ja": "真言系では聖観音、十一面観音、千手観音、馬頭観音、如意輪観音、准胝観音を六観音と称し、天台系では准胝観音の代わりに不空羂索観音を加えて六観音とする。" }
{ "en": "The image of Roku Kannon was created from the idea that six kinds of Kannon relieve people who have lost their way in six worlds, based on Rokudo (Rokudo Rinne, a belief that every life repeats reincarnation into six types of worlds) as the following combinations show: Jigoku-do (地獄道) - Sho Kannon, Gaki-do (餓鬼道) - Senju Kannon, Chikusho-do (畜生道) - Bato Kannon, Shura-do (修羅道) - Juichimen Kannon, Jin-do (人道) - Jundei Kannon, Ten-do (天道) - Nyoirin Kannon.", "ja": "六観音は六道（ろくどうりんね、あらゆる生命は6種の世界に生まれ変わりを繰り返すとする）の思想に基づき、六種の観音が六道に迷う衆生を救うという考えから生まれたもので、地獄道－聖観音、餓鬼道－千手観音、畜生道－馬頭観音、修羅道－十一面観音、人道－准胝観音、天道－如意輪観音という組み合わせになっている。" }

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