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Leigh Bardugo (Hebrew: לי ברדוגו) is an Israeli-American fantasy author.
Early life and education
Bardugo was born in Jerusalem, but raised in Los Angeles, California, United States. She holds bachelor degree in English language from YALE University.
Bibliography
The GrishaverseEdit
Shadow and Bone trilogyEdit
Shadow and Bone (2012)
Siege and Storm (2013)
Ruin and Rising (2014)
Six of Crows duologyEdit
Six of Crows (2015)
Crooked Kingdom (2016)
King of Scars duologyEdit
King of Scars (2019)
Rule of Wolves (2021)
Companion booksEdit
The Language of Thorns (2017)
The Lives of Saints (2020)
References
Israeli writers
Living people |
<p>I’m working on an application which accesses the TMDb.
I use the DataContractJsonSerializer class to read the data returned by the TMDb API.</p>
<p>There is one method of the API which returns a JSON which can look like:</p>
<pre><code>{"id":550,"favorite":false,"rated":false,"watchlist":false}
</code></pre>
<p>or like:</p>
<pre><code>{"id":49521,"favorite":false,"rated":{"value":5.5},"watchlist":false}
</code></pre>
<p>As you can see, the rated field in the first JSON is a Boolean and in the second one it isn’t.<br>
Is there a good way to deal with this JSONs?</p>
<p>Thanks for any Help</p>
<p><strong>Edit:</strong>
Reading the JSON:</p>
<pre><code>[DataContract]
public class JsonModelBase<T> where T : class, new()
{
public T DesterilizeJson(String jsonContent)
{
var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonContent);
using (var stream = new MemoryStream(bytes))
return DesterilizeJson(stream);
}
public T DesterilizeJson(Stream jsonStream)
{
var serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(T));
return (T)serializer.ReadObject(jsonStream);
}
}
[DataContract]
public class TmdbMovieAccountStates : JsonModelBase<TmdbMovieAccountStates>
{
[DataMember(Name = "id")]
public Int32 Id { get; set; }
[DataMember(Name = "favorite")]
public Boolean Favorite { get; set; }
[DataMember(Name = "rated")]
public Boolean Rated { get; set; }
[DataMember(Name = "watchlist")]
public Boolean Watchlist { get; set; }
}
</code></pre>
<p>Sample (if you want to try something out)</p>
<pre><code>var json = "{\"id\":49521,\"favorite\":false,\"rated\":{\"value\":5.5},\"watchlist\":false}";
var bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json);
using ( var stream = new MemoryStream( bytes ) )
{
var serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(TmdbMovieAccountStates));
var data = (TmdbMovieAccountStates)serializer.ReadObject(stream);
}
</code></pre> |
<p>I took the following <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/7493527/617373">BalusC kickoff example</a> and modified it a bit by adding a submit button and additional h:messages and removing the <code>f:ajax</code> from the <code>h:inputSecret's</code> (removed the <code>f:ajax</code> cause for some reason when I leave the first <code>h:inputSecret</code> it immediately displays "value is required" error for the second <code>h:inputSecret</code> - but the user haven't got the chance to type it in... ??? <- another future question ?:) )</p>
<p><strong>OK, to make long story short:</strong> </p>
<p>I'm trying to figure out how can display the validation errors regarding the both password fields(that the passwords are not equal) in the global h:messages and not in the individual h:message of the password fields
I do want that the required="true" will be displayed in the <code><h:message</code> of each field...</p>
<p>But right now the validation message (thrown by my exception) and the required="true" are being displayed in the same place </p>
<p>Here is the code:
</p>
<pre><code><h:outputLabel for="password" value="Password:" />
<h:inputSecret id="password" value="#{bean.password}" required="true">
<f:validator validatorId="confirmPasswordValidator" />
<f:attribute name="confirm" value="#{confirmPassword.submittedValue}" />
</h:inputSecret>
<h:message id="m_password" for="password" />
<h:outputLabel for="confirm" value="Password (again):" />
<h:inputSecret id="confirm" binding="#{confirmPassword}" required="true">
</h:inputSecret>
<h:message id="m_confirm" for="confirm" />
</code></pre>
<p>And additional <code>h:commandButton</code> with <code>h:messages</code> below that code :</p>
<pre><code><h:commandButton value="doSomething" action="#{myBean.myAction}">
<f:ajax execute="password confirm" render="m_password m_confirm"></f:ajax>
</h:commandButton>
<h:messages globalOnly="true" styleClass="validation_value_required"/>
</code></pre>
<pre class="lang-java prettyprint-override"><code>@FacesValidator("confirmPasswordValidator")
public class ConfirmPasswordValidator implements Validator {
@Override
public void validate(FacesContext context, UIComponent component, Object value) throws ValidatorException {
String password = (String) value;
String confirm = (String) component.getAttributes().get("confirm");
if (password == null || confirm == null) {
return; // Just ignore and let required="true" do its job.
}
if (!password.equals(confirm)) {
throw new ValidatorException(new FacesMessage("Passwords are not equal."));
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>Also</p>
<p>Thanks ahead,</p>
<p><strong>Solution (Thanks to BalusC)</strong></p>
<p>changed </p>
<pre><code><f:attribute name="confirm" value="#{confirmPassword.submittedValue}" />
</code></pre>
<p>to</p>
<pre><code><f:attribute name="confirm" value="#{confirmPassword}" />
</code></pre>
<p>and </p>
<pre><code>String confirm = (String) component.getAttributes().get("confirm");
</code></pre>
<p>into</p>
<pre><code>UIInput confirmPasswordComponent = (UIInput) component.getAttributes().get("confirm");
String confirm = (String) confirmPasswordComponent.getSubmittedValue();
</code></pre>
<p>and </p>
<pre><code>throw new ValidatorException(new FacesMessage("Passwords are not equal."));
</code></pre>
<p>into</p>
<pre><code>context.addMessage(null, new FacesMessage("Passwords are not equal."));
context.validationFailed();
((UIInput) component).setValid(false);
confirmPasswordComponent.setValid(false);
return;
</code></pre> |
<p>I can't find anywhere in the documentation about sharing files. Does Nativescript have a built in way to share filesystem files? I.E. I can pass it a path and it'll open the menu to pick an app to share with and when that app is opened it has that file specified already attached?</p>
<p>I'm using a plugin already for this, but it's a bit finicky as in it attaches the file to an email, but fails to attach it to a text message. Also the plugin doesn't give a complete list of applications like the built in share does on the phone. </p> |
Clevedon is a town in the county of Somerset, in England. The name comes from Old English and means "divided hill". Archaeology shows that many people lived here during the Roman occupation. Just before the Norman Conquest in 1066 it was part of a huge manor held by John (Gunni?) the Dane. At the time of the Domesday Book (1086) it belonged to Matthew of Mortaigne and had only a few people living there. The town of today was not built until around 1800 as a seaside resort.
Other websites
Clevedon Civic Society
Towns in Somerset |
Ricardo Piglia (November 24, 1941 – January 6, 2017) was an Argentine one of the most famous contemporary writers in Argentina. He was born in Adrogué and raised in Mar del Plata. He was known for his fiction books Artificial Respiration (1980), The Absent City (1992), Burnt Money (1997); and criticism including Criticism and Fiction (1986), Brief Forms (1999) and The Last Reader (2005).
Piglia died at 75 on January 6, 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina after suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for three years.
References
1941 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Argentine writers |
Hemhofen is a municipality in the district of Erlangen-Höchstadt, in Bavaria, Germany.
References
Erlangen-Höchstadt |
187/).] THE SECRETARY ON ADDITIONS TO THE MENAGERIE. 527
November 2, 1875.
Dr. E. Hamilton, V.P., in the Chair.
The Secretary read the followiiij^ reports on the additions to the
Society’s Menagerie during the months of June, July, August, and
September 1875: —
The total number of registered additions to the Society’s Mena-
gerie during the month of June was 162, of which 49 were by birth,
54 by presentation, 45 by purchase, and 14 were received on deposit.
The total number of departures during the same period, by death
and removals, was 116.
The most noticeable additions during the month of June were as
follows : —
1. A not quite adult Cassowary, received June 7th, having been
brought from New Zealand by Dr. Hector, and presented to the
Society by The Right Honourable Sir James Fergusson, Bart., F.Z.S.,
lately Governor of the Colony. This bird was obtained in 18/3,
when quite young, along with another similar specimen by the officers
of H.M.S. 'Basilisk’ from the natives of Touan or Cornwallis
Island, a small island in Torres Straits, four miles distant from the
south coast of New Guineji, and seventy miles from the opposite
coast of Cape York. The natives are said to have captured the
birds on the coast of New Guinea. The present specimen was
conveyed in the ‘Basilisk’ to Wellington in July 1873, and had
remained there ever since. When brought to Wellington it was
supposed to have been about nine months old.
It appears to be most like the x\ustralian Cassowary {Casuarius
australis)^ but differs in its stronger legs and stouter form, as also
in the throat-wattle being single and mesial, but divided at the
extremity, as shown in the accompanying figure (Plate LVIIL).
I believe it to be probably of the same species as that of the x\roo
Islands, which I have lately described as Casuarius beecarii {^ctntea
p. 87).
2. A Black Wood-Hen {Ocydromus fusoAis) from Snares Island,
south of New Zealand, presented by Dr. G. Hector, F.R.S., C.M.Z.S.,
June 7th, being the first example of this species of Ocydromus which
we have received.
3. A young male brown Indian Antelope of the southern form;
in which the front pair of horns are barely apparent {Tetraceros
stibquadvieormiiusy Elliot^), purchased June 8, 1875. Dr. Jerdon
does not distinguish this animal from the northern T. quadricornis ;
hut Sir Victor Brooke tells me he thinks that the two forms must
be kept separate.
4. A female Grant’s Gazelle {Gazella granti, Brooke) from East 1
Africa, presented by Dr. John Kirk, C.M.Z.S., June lOth.
The arrival of a living example of this fine Gazelle, which has
* Antilope sit!)quadricornut us, Elliot, Madras Joura, x. p. 225, pi, 4. fig. 2;
Tetraceros subquadricomutuSy Gray, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 117.
Prog. Zool. Soc. — 1875, No. XXXIV. 34
528 THE SECRETARY ON ADDITIONS TO THE W ENAGERIE. [NoV. 2,
only recently been described by Sir Victor Brooke from drawings*,
is of great interest. Unfortunately the animal w^as in a very feeble
state when received, and died very shortly. I now exhibit the
mounted specimen (Plate LIX.). The height of this animal at the
shoulders is 28 inches, the length of the horns 7'25 inches.
I have also to call attention to the breeding of the Spotted-billed
Duck of India {Anas poecilorhyncha) in these Gardens, which took
place for the first time in June last. AVe received our first males of
this beautiful species from the Babu Rajendra Mullick in August
1868 (see P. Z. S. 1868, p. 649). In May 1872, five females were
presented by Mr. E, Buck (see P, Z. S. 1872, p. 729). The pairs
thus formed, however, never bred until the present year, when
two young birds were hatched by one female on the 2nd of June,
and seven by another on the 1 4th of the same month. The male
and female of this duck are so much alike that (as I am informed
. by Mr. Clarence Bartlett, the Assistant Superintendent, who has
charge of the breeding Anatidae) the only certain means of distin-
guishing the sex is by the note. The nest and number of eggs also
much resemble those of Anas bosc/ias. The young are undistiu-
guishable from the young of the same species.
I exhibit specimens of the eggs.
The registered additions to the Society’s Menagerie during the
month of July were 202 in number; of these, 37 were acquired by
presentation, 113 by purchase, 1 by exchange, 30 by birth, and 21
received on deposit. The total number of departures during the
same period by death and removals was 94.
The most noticeable additions during the month were : —
1. A pair of Giant Tortoises {Testudo indica) purchased July 6.
These Tortoises are originally fr-om Aldabra Island in the Indian
Ocean, but hare been kept (the male, it is said, for upwards of 70
years) in captivity in the Seychelles, and have been forwarded
thence by Mr. C. S. Salmon, the Chief Commissioner for the
Islands, under the care of Dr. Brooks, Government Medical Officer.
The shell of the male measures about 4 ft. 1 in. by 3 ft. 1 in. ; and his
weight is estimated at 800 lbs. We have to thank Dr. Gunther (who
arranged with j\Ir. Salmon for the transmission of these last relics of
an extinct race to this country) for allowing them to remain, so long
as they live, in our Garden. When they die they are to be trans-
ferred to the British Museum f.
2. A female Sumatran Rhinoceros {Rhinoceros sumatrensis')
deposited July 14 by Mr. C. Jamrach. This animal seems to re-
semble very nearly the individual of the same species formerly in
our Gardens, which died in 1872. It is stated to have been cap-
tured in the territory of Johorc, Malay peninsula.
3. A collection of small birds from S.E. Brazil, purchased July
19, amongst which are specimens of two beautiful little Tanagers
* See P. Z. S. 1872, p. 601, pk xli.
t See Dr. Giintber s remarks on these Tortoises and their allies. Ann. Nat.
Ilist. ser. 4, vol. sir. p, 311 (1874), and Nature, xii. pp. 238 & 2.‘)9.
I87o.] THE SECRETARY ON ADDITIONS TO THE MENAGERIE. 529
{Calliste /estiva and Euplionia i^ectoralis) new to the collection, and,
so far as I know, never previously received alive.
4. A very fine male Chimpanzee (^Troglodytes niger)^ presented
by Captain Lees, Governor of Lagos, July 19. The first set of
teeth have been, already shed, which is rarely the case in examples
of the Chimpanzee brought to this country.
5. An Electric Silurus (/lalapterxirus heninensis') from West
Africa, purchased July 21st, being the first example of this singular
fish brought to our Gardens. On touching its belly with the finger
a slight electric shock is at once given forth. The fish is about 5
inches long.
6. A young female Tora Antelope {Alcelaphits tora) from Upper
Nubia, purchased July 22nd, being the first example of this eastern
form of the Bubal which has reached us alive. The colour and
shape of the body appear to be nearly identical with those of the
Bubal ; but the horns of the adult male (as I have shown, P. Z. S.
1873, p. 702) are very different.
7. A young male Wild Sheep, apparently Ovis cycloceros, pre-
sented July 28th, by Commander Edmund St. J. Garforth, R.N. of
H.M.S. ^Philomel,’ who writes to me that he obtained it in Mus^
cat, on the shores of the Persian Gulf, wdiich I should not have sup-
posed to be within the range of this species.
The total number of registered additions to the Society’s Mena-
gerie during the month of August was 94 ; of these, 52 were acquired
by presentation, 12 by purchase, 13 by birth, 1 by exchange, and 10
received on deposit. The total number of departures during the
same period by death and removals was 94.
The most noticeable additions during the month were : —
1 . A young female Manatee (Manatus americanvs')^ deposited
August Gth by Mr. R. Swain, of Demerara, and sulisequeutly pur-
chased for £\50. This animal w\as conveyed to England, on board
the S.S. ^ Blenheim,’ Captain Robiuson, iu a large wooden tank
slung upon a horizontal pole, and was fed during the voyage on the
leaves of a large aquatic plant resembling the water-lily (Nympkofa),
shipped for the purpose. It was about three weeks on the voyage.
On its arrival in the Gardens, it was placed in one of the shallow
concreted ponds near the Seadion’s basin, and fed on lettuce and
vegetable marrow. It lived in apparently good health until Septem-
ber 7th, when it died very suddenly. Sir. Garrod is preparing
some notes upon this interesting animal, which is the first of the
species that has actually reached us alive, although Mr, C. Bart-
lett nearly succeeded in bringing us one from Surinam in 1800*.
2. Two young Ganuets, probably the young of the Brown Gan-
net or Booby (Sula fusca), but still partly in the down plumage, and
therefore not certainly determinable. These birds were obtained
from Port Lemon, Costa Rica, by J. C. Hussey, and presented by
that gentleman August IGth.
3. A Woodford’s Owl (Syrnium xooodfordi') from Natal, presented
* See Trans. Zool. .Soe. viii. p. 192.
34 *
;)30 LKTTKR FROM M. I^. M. d'aLBERTTS, [NoV\ 2,
August 16th by Mr. W. E. Oates, being the first example we have
received of this scarce bird.
The total number of registered additions to the Society’s Mena-
gerie during the month of Sejiteinber wns 104 ; of these, 43 were
acquired by presentation, 22 by purchase, 16 by birth, 8 by exchange,
and 15 were receivt d on deposit. The total number of departures
during the same period by death and r?iuovals was 111.
Tiie most noticeable additions during the month w’ere as follows : —
1. A White-Faced Owl {Sceloglaux albifacies) from New Zealand,
])nrchased 3rd September 1875, new to the collection.
2. A wild l)og, presented by Mr. Mumford, 7th Sept. 1875.
This animal was formerly in Manders’s Tiavcdling Menagerie, and
was sold uhen that eolicction was disj)ersed by auetion in the Agri-
cultural Hall in August last, to Mr. Mumford, who has obligingly
presented it to the Society. Its origin is unknown ; hnt, as far as
can be aseertained from examination of the living speeimen, it would
appear to be an adult male of the Wild Dog of Sumatra (Co?iis rvti-
lansy Temm.). It has been placed in tlie same cage along witli its
near pdly, the female Indian Wild Dog {Canus printcevus)^ received
fro n Lord Northbrook in March last.
3. An American Darter {Plofns anhinga), from South America,
purchased 30tli September, 1875. The Society now possesses two
living examides of this interesting bird. The first one, obtained 28th
December, 1872 (see P. Z. S. 1873, ji. 2, where there is an excellent
drawing of this bird), is now in adult plumage; the last arrival is in
immature dress.
The following translation of a letter addressed to the Secretary by
M, L, M. D' Albertis, C.M.Z.S., was read: —
‘‘ Yule Island, May 24, 1875.
Since the 14ih of March I am on this island, at the south of New
Guinea, from which it is divided by a few miles of sea only. I have
already made several excursions on the Papuan coast, and succeeded
in penetrating a little way iuland — not really far, it is true, hnt far
considering the circumstances of my situation, and the country in
which I am.
‘‘First of all, I may observe that the general aspect of the country
resembles that of the north of Australia much more than the north
of New Guinea. On the coast the beautiful forest-trees are wanting,
and Eucalypti abound in their place, and there are large open spaces
covered only with long grasses and small shrubs or “scrub,” as you
call it. Tbere are also iagunes. The climate is dryer than in the
north. ^Vhen I ascended the mountains a little aud penetrated the
interior, the Au>tralian j)lants disappeared, and those more specially
Papuan were again found. In the same way as the flora, the fauna
of the coast shows much affinity to that of Northern Australia ; and
in one of the lagnnes I have seen in abundance Parra gallinacea^ Por-
phyrio melanofus, and a species LoLivanellus, of which I ^annot tell
18/5.J
LEllEK 1 HUM M. L, M . D ALBI5RT1S.
53 {
the name certainly, as I have not yet obtained s|)ecimens. Moreover,
at early dawn and after sunset I have severrd times heard the notes of
a Dacelo which might be D. leachi ; and in this island for some
time Scythro^js australis was common, while on the opposite coast of
New Guinea I obtained good examples of Chlamydodera cermniventris,
I could add the names of many other Australian species. On the
other hand, on the mountains, besides Paradisea rayyiana^ there are
to be found Qicinnurus reyiiiSy Pitta novee yuinecey Eiipetes cceriiles-
cenSy and Campephaya aurulenta. Of the last I obtained the female,
which ‘differs from the male in having the throat cinereous. But these
are not the only species which give a Papuan tint to the mountain-
birds ; for there is also to he met with Lophorina atra^ of which I have
seen many feathers used by the natives for ornament, as also of Sevi-
culus aureus, called by the natives llorohoraP Certainly along
with the Sericulus and Lophorina would be found the other Paradise-
birds that in the north inhabit the same localities as these species.
‘^Serpents I find much more numerous here than in the north of
New Guinea, especially the venomous ones, and not only of Australian
genera, but even of Australian species. Of Acaathophis autarctica I
have obtained two examples, whicli ditfer slightly from each other, and
very much from the Australian form ; but I take it for the same species.
The Coleoptera and Lepidopteia are, like the birds, near the coast
more Australian than Papuan ; and the reverse is the case in the in-
terior. But Pieris aruna, which is so common at Cape York, I have
found also on the mountains.
‘^Up to the present time I have not formed an exact idea as to the
Mammals, but am inclined to believe that they are very scarce. 1
have only obtained a Cascus (probably one of many varieties of
C. maculatus), a Belideus, a few species ofdnsectivorous Bats, a Ptero-
puSy two Bats, and the so-called Si\s papuensis, of which last I have
not seen two alike amongst a hundred. The Halmaturus luctuosus
is very common, inhabiting the mountains as well as the plain — but
always where the forest is most dense. It abounds on the lower hills,
and forms one of the principal sources of food for the natives, who
capture it in numbers in strong nets. I have had the opportunity of
examining a large number of this species, and find them identical
with the individual described by me in the ‘Proceedings’*, which,
I hope, is still living in the Society’s Gardens. But upon further ex-
amination I find that^he canine teeth, which did not exist in the indivi-
dual described by me at the time of my description and even subse-
quently, are, on tlie contrary, always present in examples of every age
which I have recently examined here. Consequently, after consider-
ing its dentary system, I have come to the conclusion that this species
is not correctly placed in the genus HahnaturiiSy but ought to be re-
ferred to the genus Dorcopsis, to which, as it appears to me, its prin-
cipal generic characters assimilate it rather than to any other genus
of Macropodidae. The Kangaroos which Dr. Beccari sent from the
Aroo Islands to the Museo Civico of Genoa may also belong to the
genus Dorcopsisy but are certainly distinct from JJ. hictnosa, as I think
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 110: see also P. Z. S. 1874, p. 247, pi. xlii.
532
LETTKU FROM M R. W. J . HOFFMAN.
[Nov. 2,
the present animal should now be called. I have also obtained a second
species of Kangaroo, which I believe to be new, but have not been able
to determine accurately, from the specimen being immature and its
dentition imperfect*. The adult animal, of which I have seen several
individuals in the forest, is larger than Z>. luctuosa,
‘‘ In the river, along which I penetrated into the interior some way,
Crocodiles were abundant. In two hours I saw nine, large and small,
but only one of really considerable size. Here also near this island
on calm days I have often seen them ; and, judging from their heads,
which they thrust out of the water, they must be of large size. They
seem to have fixed places in which they pass many hours of the day ;
for passing many times I always see them at the same posts.
“ I was rather fortunate in my excursion into the mountains; for I
found Paradisea raggiana, and obtained some beautiful specimens in
full dress. In its voice, in its movements, and in its attitudes, it per-
fectly resembles the other species of the genus. It feeds on fruit ; and
I could find no trace of insects in the seven individuals which I pre-
pared. It inhabits the dense forest, and is generally found near the
ravines — perhaps because the trees on the fruit of which it feeds
prefer the neighbourhood of water. The female is always smaller in
size than the male ; and I find this sex less abundant, because, as I
believe, it is the season of incubation. The female is more like the
same sex of P. apoda than that of P. papnana. The young male is
like the female, hut often recognizable by having distinguishable traces
of the yellow collar which in the old male divides the green of the
tliroat from the breast-feathers. The irides are of a rather bright
yellow, and the feet lead-colour with a reddish tinge. The long flank-
feathers in individuals recently killed have a very bright tint, which
they lose in a few days — even in a few hours. The two middle tail-
feathers are filiform, as those of P. apoda and P. papuana^ and in
no stage of development resemble those of P. rubra. These tw^o
feathers are not so long as in P. apoda^ and about equal to those of
P.papuana. Like its sister species, P. raggiana is an inquisitive bird,
and often a])proaches from branch to branch within a few yards of the
hunter, and remains motionless for some seconds to observe its pursuer,
stretching out its neck, flapping its wdngs and emitting a peculiar cry,
upon the sound of which other individuals come forward to join it.
When one is wounded and cries out, many others come forward as if
to protect it, and approach quite near, descending to the low est boughs.
The adult males frequent the tops of the highest trees, as Mr. Wallace
observed in the other species, and as I also remarked in my former
expedition. As regards the nidificatiou I have as yet obtained no
information.’’
A letter was read from Mr. Walter J. Hoffman, dated Beading,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A., July 15th 1875, containing a sketch of a horn
of an American Pronghorn (^Antilocapra americand) with a double
prong.
* [Probably ^lacropits papuensis^ lately described by Peters and Doria from
M. dAlbcrtis’s specimens, Ann. Mus. Gen. vii. p. 344. — P. L. S.]
1875 .]
LETTER FROM CAPT. J. MORESBY.
533
The sketch had been taken from the original at the Grand-River
Indian Agency, Dakota Territory, while Mr. Hoffman was stationed
there as Surgeon in 1872. The horn had been used as a charm by
one of the chiefs of Sioux Indians ; and Mr. Hoffman had been in-
formed by him that both horns of the animal were alike. The one in
Horn of Atitilocapra americana, with double prong.
a, perforation for cord ; h, artificial edge, cut by wearer.
question had been perforated and attached to a buckskin thong, and
in this manner worn about the neck. The specimen had been after-
wards purchased by the Hospital Steward, who had it in his collection
still when Mr. Hoffman wrote.
Mr.Sclater read a letter from Captain J. Moresby, R.N., stating that
the young example of Casuariiis uniappendiculatus presented by him
to the Society on the 25th August, 1874, had been obtained on the
29th of May, 1874, on the western extremity of New Guinea, at a place
called “Threshold Ray” in lat. 1° south and long 132® east (ap-
proximately), about 20 miles to the north of the island Salawatti.
The statement respecting the origin of this bird given on Dr. Ben-
nett’s authority (P. Z. S. 1875, p. 84) w^as therefore incorrect, the bird
there alluded to by Dr. Bennett under the name Casuarius uniap^
pendiculatus having been the example of Casuarius beccarii above
referred to (p. 527), which had been obtained by the ‘ Basilisk ’ ou a
previous occasion.
The following papers were read : —
Oi34 DR. R. BLEKlvEU ON ELORICHTHYS DAIIUHICUS, [NoV. 2,
]. Notice sur V Elopichthys dahnricas. Par P. Bleeker.
P.M.Z.S.
[Received Jiuae 22, 1875.]
(Plate LX.)
M. le docteur G. E. Dobson a bien voulu avoir Tobligeancede me
faire parvenir, par rentremise de M. Francis Day, un poisson de
Chine, provenant du fleuve Yang-tse-kiang, et taisant partie des
collections du Netley Museum of the Army Medical Department.
Le poisson avail ete etiquette “ Opsariichthys,^^ et M. Dobson me
pria d’en faire la description. Lc poisson est sans aucun doute un
ElojnchthySy et de Fespece figuree par Basilewski sous le nom de
Naseus dahuricus.
L'espcce du poisson du Netley Museum n’est done pas inedite,
mais il reste incertain si le Naseus dahuricus, Bas,, soit specifique-
ment distinct ou non de V Elopichthys hamhusa ou du Leuciscus
bambusOy Rich.
M. Gunther cite le Naseus dahuricus coinme synonyme du Leu-
ciscus bambusa^ mais seulement avec un point de doute. Ce point
de doute me semble bien jnstific et je pense qu’on ait affaire ici a
deux especes bien distinctes.
Les figures publiees par Basilewski et Richardson presentent une
physionomie fort differente. Celle du Leuciscus bambusa montre la
machoire inferieure plua longue que la superieure, et la queue beau-
coup nioins haute que celle du Naseus dahuricus, mais etant prise sur
un individu adnlte et empaillc, il est probable qu’elle ne reiide pas
exactement la forme de la queue.
Les formules des nageoircs aussi sont differentes pour Ics deux
formes, mais il eSt probable que les rayons n’aieut pas etc comptes
exactement. Les formules donn&s par Basilewski, Richardson et
M. Giinther ne cadrent pas entre elles, ni aussi avec celles que je
trouve sur I’individu du Netley Museum. ]\I. Giinther a examine
le type meme du Leuciscus bambusa, Il en donne la formule des
ccailles : L. lat. ca. 100, L. transv. |A, on y ajoutant, dans le texte
de la diagnose, ‘‘ there are nine longitudinal series of scales betw^een
the lateral line and ventral fin."’ Cette formule est tout differein-
ment rendue sur la figure dn Leuciscus bambusa ; mais si celle de M.
Gunther est exacte le bambusa ne peut pas etre de la meme espece
que le dahuricus. Quant au BnsiUus {Opsariiis) bambusa^ Kner,
I’auteur en dit expressemeut que les indiviclus de Shanghai qu’il en
a ens sous les yeiix avaient plus de ressemblance avec la figure du
Naseus dahuricus qn’avec celle du Leuciscus bambusa,
En attendant qu’une comparaison de Tindividu du Netley Museum
an type Richardsonien puisse faire juger positivement, je considcre le
(lahiudciis et lc bambusa comine especes distinctes. On verra par
la figure ci-jointe, et parfaitement cxacte, qu’elle repond beaucoup
mieux la figure du Naseus dahuricus qu’a celle du Leuciscus bam-
husa.
P Z S 1875 PI. LX
ELOPICHTHYS DP.KURICUS
•X
i
A
1875.]
DR. P. BLEEKER ON EEOIMCHTHYS DAHURlCUS.
535
Elopichthvs DAHURlCUS. (Plate LX.)
Elop. corpore elongate compressor altitudine 6 circ, in ejus longi-
tudine absque, 7| circ. in ejus longitudine cum pinna caudali ;
latitudine corporis circ. in ejus altitudine ; capite aciito 3|
circ* in longitudine corporis absque, 4| circ» in longitudine
corporis cum j)inn a caudali ; altitudine capitis 2 circ., latitudine
capitis 3 circ. in ejus longitudine ; ocidis diametro 6 circ. in
longitudine capitis, diametro circ. dist antibus ; linea rostra-
frontali rectiuscula ; rostra acuto cum maxilla oculo duplo circ.
longiore, apice ante medium oculum sito, multo longiore quam
basi lato ; naribus ante ociili marginem siiperiorem perforatis,
septa gracili valculiformi separatis; osse siiborbitali ante-
riore oblique pcntagono apice sursum spectante ; ossibus sub-
orbitalibiis ceteris gracilibus longioribus quam latis ; maxillis
sub<jequalibus acie scabriusculis ; maxilla superiors non pro-
tractili, sub oculi dimidio anteriore dcsinente, postice curvata,
parte intermaxillari pr<jerostrali conica dimidiam rostri totiiis
lougitudinem efficiente ; maxilla inf eriore superior e vix breviore,
symj)hysi 2)rocessu conicoelevato subhamata ; labiis gracilibus, su-
periore sulco longe ante apicem maxilloi desinente, infer ior e snlco
symj)hysim subattingente, preeoperculo snbrectangulo, ongulo
obtuse rotundato, limbo poster o-inf eriore piorisconspicuisuniseri-
atis ; opercido Icevi minus duplo altiore quam longoy margine
inferiore rectiusculo ; osse scapular i triangulari obtuso; dentibus
pharyngealibus triseriatis, compressiusculis, leoiter uncinatis,
2, 4, 5/4,4, 2, longioribus; facie masticatoria concava gracili ;
dorso hiunillimo ; cauda parte libera postanali minus duplo
longiore quam alta, parte gracillima altitudine 4 circ. in longi-
tudine dorsalem inter et basin pinnee caudalis ; squamis non
vel vix striatis, 100 circ. in serie longitudinali angulam aper-
turae hranchialis superiorem inter et basin pinnee caudalis, 22?
circ. in serie transversali basbi pinnee ventralis inter et dorsalem,
quorum 15 vel IG? lineam lateralem inter et dorsalem; linea
laterali singulis squamis tubufo simjdici not at a, mox post
scapulam valde desccndenle, linece ventrali triplo magis quam
lineee dorsali approximata ; cauda postice siirsum curvata et
media basi pinnee caudalis desinente; pinna dorsali medio aper-
turam branchialem inter et basin caudalis inserta, capite ])lus
duplo breviore, corpore non humiliore, acutOy emarghiata, antice
quam postice plus trip)lo altiore ; ypectoralibus lineee ventrali
upproximalis, subhorizontaliter insertis, capitis j^arte postoculari
non vel vix longundbiis ; ventralibus paido ante dorsalem in-
sertis, anali quam basi pectoraiium paiilo propinquioribus,
acutis, pectoralibus paulo brevioribus? ; anali longitudine et
forma dorsali eequali sed ea humiliore ; caudali prof unde incisa,
lobis acutis, capite paulo brevioribus; colore corpore super ne
viridi, lateribus et inf erne argenteo ; iride argentea vel faves-
cente, pinnis Jlacescentihus vel ex Jlavescente roseis.
B. 3. T). 3/11 vel 3/12. P. 1/19 vel 1/20. V. 1/9.
A. 3/12 vel .3/13. C. 9/17/8 lat. brev. incl.
536 MK. E. A. SMITH ON A NEW CARINIFEX, [NoV. 2,
Naseus dahuricusy Bas. lohth. Chin, bor., Nouv. Mem. Moscou,
X. p. 234.
Naseus dauricusy Bas. ibid. tab. 7. fig. 1.
Elopichthys dauricuSy Blkr. Act. Soc. Sc. lud. Neerl. vii. Cyprin.
p. 286.
BasUius {Opsarius^ ba^nhiisay Kner, Zool, Reis. Novara, Fisch.
p. 357.
Hab. Siua, in flumine Yang-tse-kiang {test, clar, Dobson), Lon-
gitudo speciminis descripti, 235^".
La Haje, 20 Juin, 1875.
2. Description of a new Species of Carinifex from California.
By Edgar A. Smith^ F.Z.S.
[Received June 23, 1875.]
A very peculiar form of PlanorbiSy from California, was de.scribed
by Mr. Isaac Lea in the Proceedings of the Academy of Philadel-
phia, 1854, p. 51, under the name P, newberryi.
Subsequently Mr. G. Binney deemed this so remarkable a shell
as to merit generic rank, and consequently he proposed to distinguish
it by the name Carinifex (see Cat. North-American Pulmouata,
Dec. 9, 1863).
The same idea appears to have occurred to Mr. Lea himself; for
in January of the succeeding year (Proc. Acad. Philad. Jan. 1864)
he describes his species with the generic title of Megasystropha,
In neither instance is a diagnosis given ; but in the American
Journ. Conchol. i. 1865, p. 50, Binney describes Carinifex and
figures C. newberryi on pi. 7. figs. 6, 7.
He also mentions the existence of a second species, C, breweri of
Newcomb, and observes, ‘‘the latter (C. breweri) may prove but a
variety of the former {C, newberryi).
Whether this be the same as the following species or not I cannot
say ; but all search to find the description of any species entitled C,
breweri has been in vain.
Carinifex ponsonbii, sp. nov.
Testa subdiscoidalisy tenuis, latissime et profimdissime umbilicaia,
corneo-albay epidermide fugaci tenuissima pallide olivacea in-
duta ; anfractus 5, convexiusculi, rapide accrescentes, snperne
paululum suturam infra obsolete angulati, incrementi striis per-
arcuatis exilissime sculpti, sutura profunda discreti ; spira
parum supra anfr, tdlimiim elevata ; anfr. ult, maximus, s\i-
perne late sed minime profunde excavatus, infra excarationein
aliquanto carinatus^ infra carinamleviter convexiusculusy inf erne
circa umbilicnm subobtnse carhiatm ; apertnra magna, trian-
gularis^ inf erne subcanaliculata, supeime led ter ascendens ;
1875.]
MR. E. A. SMITH ON THE GENUS ALAUA.
537
peristoma continuum^ ad maryines superiorem lahralemque ali~
quanto expansum.
Diam. max. 20 mill. Diam. min. 15, Alt. 16.
II ab. California.
This very remarkable species was collected in California by Lord
Walsingham ; and two specimens were presented to the British
Museum by Mr. J. H. Pousonby — a most enthusiastic conchologist,
with whose name I feel much pleasure in associating the species.
It has but one relation of any proximity, namely C, newherryi,
Lea, From this it differs in being of a thinner and lighter build, in
Car in if ex pon son bi L -
the more rapid increase of the whorls, and consequently in the pro-
portionally much larger size of the last in comparison with the
penultimate. C. neu^erryi has the upper surface of the whorls
broadly flattened and then acutely keeled and angulated, whereas in
the present species they are rather convex, lack the carination, and
display but the faintest approach to an angulation, and this is situ-
ated near the upper and not the lower suture. Again, the mouth of
the latter species ascends a little on the body-whorl ; in the former it
descends a trifle. Finally, Lea’s shell is much more coarsely striated,
and clothed with a strong yellowish-olive epidermis, whereas that
which invests the present species is very thin and of a very pale olive
tint. On each side of the rounded keel, encircling the umbilicus,
there is a shallow depression.
3, Remarks on the Genus Alaba, with the Description of a
nevr Species. By Edgar A, Smith, F.Z.S.
[Received June 23, 1875.]
The genus Alaha was first characterized by INIessrs, H. and A.
Adams in the ‘Genera of Recent Mollusca,’ p. 214, and there con-
sidered as a subgenus of Cerithiopsis.
Subsequently it was raised to the rank of a separate genus and
removed by A. Adams (see Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist, 1862, x. p. 294)
to the subamily Litiopinse.
H*ere the shells included in the group are described “ anfractibus
plicatis seu varicosis, vertice submammillato. Apertura ovata, labio
ssepe vix truncato,” No mention is made of the nature of the oper-
culum.
538
MK. li. A. SiMlTH ON THE GENUS ALABA.
[Nov. 2,
Of the species which he enumerates^ A, piciay A. conieay A,
felinay A. injiatay and A, phasianellay Angas (since described), have
whorls smooth and not plicate or varicose, and the labium exhibiting,
in A. picta only, but the faintest approach to a truncation, the colu-
mella in the remaining species being rather straight, and generally
blending into the labrurn, which is slightly effuse at the base.
Thus it will he seen that the characters assigned to the genus are
not quite accurately applicable to all the species which have been
included therein ; and therefore I would propose the following divi-
sions, which may somewhat facilitate their identification.
Those species which have the whorls strengthened with varices
(generally tumid) and the columella more or less (for this character
is variable) truncated, will constitute the genus Alaha ])roper ; and
those devoid of the varices and wanting the columellar truncation
may form the subgenus Dialay A. Adams, /. c. 18G1, vhi. p. 242,
and 18G2, x. p. 298. The subgenus Styliferma, A. Adams, L c.
p. 299, is closely associated with the preceding group ; indeed there
scarcely appear characters sufficient to warrant a separation. The
chief peculiarity mentioned as distinguishing this form is in the apex
*"vertice mucronato but it does not differ to any material extent
from that of several of the typical species.
Alaba.
Whorls tumidly varicose ; columella more or less truncated ;
labruin thickened in the adult state.
A, vibe.Vy A. Ad.; A, tervaricosay C. B. Ad,; A, melanuray C.
B. Ad.; A, supralirata. Carpenter; A, zebrinay A, Ad.; A. leu-
costictay A. Ad.; A, blanfordiy A. Ad.; A. piincto-stj'iaiay Gould.
Subgen. Diala.
Whorls not varicose (sometimes noduled around the middle ;
columella straightish, not truncated ; labrurn not thickened.
D. laiitay A. Ad.; I>. suturalisy A. Ad.; 1), variety A. Ad. ; Z>.
sidcifera, A. Ad. ; D. pictOy A. Ad. ; D. piilchrQy A. Ad. ; D. im-
bricatOy A. Ad.; D. moniley A. Ad.; D. payodiday A. Ad.; Z).
pliasianellay Angas; D. {^Alabd) tenuisy Smith ; D, corneay A. Ad.;
D. simplex y Smith.
Diala ritjilabrisy A. Ad., differs essentially from this genus in that
the peristome is continuous, very much thickened everywhere, and
the aperture oblique, the columella being consequently oblique also,
and not more or less perpendicular as is the case in all the species in
this grouj). Thus it will be seen that it should be removed to the
genus Ilydrobia,
With the exception of Alaha puncto-striatay Gould, all the species
above enumerated are represented in the British Museum, as are also
those species described by P. P. Carpenter in the " Catalogue of
INIazatlan Shells." But these, with one exception, I have purposely
omitted ; for the mutilated condition of the specimens is such that
it is impossible to say to what genus they (when perfect) may have
belonged.
1S75.J
MR. E. A. SMITH ON THE GENUS ALABA.
And here I cannot refrain, although always averse to censuring
criticism, from condemning most energetical!}^ that pernicious prac-
tice of describing fragments of minute specimens and assigning spe-
cific names to them. It merely results in burdening science witli a
mass of literature almost useless ; for it is simply an impossibility for
any one to identify their specimens from the description of those
miserable fragments characterized in the Mazatlan Catalogue. De-
scribe them and welcome, for no harm is thereby done, albeit bnt
little good : but for the sake of others let us not name them.
Diala leiihii.
Diala leitiiii, sp. nov.
Testa imperforalGy ovato-fnsiformis ; sjph*a acuniinata, te^ua's,
parum nitida^ sordide Jlavid a, f asciis spiralibus angvstis rvfis
parimco7ispicids ornata^ una circa medium anfi\ svperiorumy daa-
bus inultimo^ altera paululum sifpra^ altera paidxdmn mediumin-
fra; anfractus 9, convexi^ medio levissime angulati^ spiraliter
(equidistant er striatic striis in anfr, superiox'ibus circiter 8, m
xdtimoad\9i; sutux'a parum obliqiia^ 2yrofundiuscida ; apertura
ovaiay ad basin acuminate ejfusa, longihidinis iotins ad
eequans^f asciis externis bifasciata ; columella arcuata leviterque
incrassata ; labrwn tenuCy simplex.
Operculum corneuniy tenuCy paueispirahy nucleo suhcentrali.
Long. 7 1 mill. Diam. fere 3.
Hah. California.
The angulation of the whorls is very slight in most specimens,
and in some altogether absent. The S])iral reddish bands are not
very observable, but are more distinctly observable witliin the aper-
ture ; indeed that which encircles the middle of the upper whorls is
so faint as to be scarcely visible. The operculum consists of about
three volutions; and its nucleus is situated at about one fourth the
entire length from the inferior margin. Dr. Leith, who has kindly
presented a good series of this species to the Museum, enclosed with
them the following notes, which he made respecting tlie animal
when observing it alive.
Lip somewhat proboscidiform, not used in progression, and not
usually projecting beyond the edge of the foot.
540 ON HERPESTES FERRUGINEUS AND OVIS POLII. [NoV. 2,
Tentacles two, long, subulate or filiform, bearing the eijes on
their outer side near the base.
Foot much expanded in front and rounded, gradually attenuated
posteriorly and caudated.
^^Reptation not by alternate movements of right and left sides, but
by uniform, undulating, progressive motion of the foot on the sides
of the vessel in which it was captive.
It moved also in an inverted position along the surface of the
water, as Planorhh and Lymncea do,” as does also Diala pieta.
Notwithstanding this species does not altogether agree with Dialay
both as regards the shell and animal (that is, of D.picta)^ I deem it
unadvisable at present to form a distinct subgenus for its reception.
The differences in the shell consist in the columella being more ar-
cuate than is usual, and the aperture more than ordinarily acumi-
nately effuse at the base.
The animal varies from that of D. picta in having the tentacles
of equal (and not unequal) length, the foot not auriculate, and in the
four long tentacular filaments attached to the operculigerous lobe
being wanting. These peculiarities in the animals certainly appear
to be sufficient to dissociate them; but until more complete and accu-
rate investigations have been made on these and other species of this
genus, I shall refrain from adding to the already superfluous number
of genera one so ill defined.
4. Notes on the Figures of Herpestes ferrugineus and Ovis
polii. By W. T. Blanford, F.Z.S.
[Received July 5, 1875.]
In the plate of Herpestes ferrugineus published in the ‘ Proceed-
ings* for 18/4 (plate Ixxxi.) there is a slight error, to which,
however, it is as well to call attention. The animal is represented on
a tree. Now all the Indian and African species of Mungoose with
which I am acquainted (/f. griseiis, H, malaccensisy H, persievsy and
others) are thoroughly terrestrial in their habits, and rarely, if ever,
climb trees. The plate was, of course, drawn after I left England,
and is, I think, a good representation of the animal.
There are, however, some very serious errors in the figure of Ovis
polii'^ (pi. liii.). I have examined a series of skins brought from
Kashgar ; and I find that none possesses a trace of the mane along the
neck, represented in both sexes in the plate ; there is some long hair
behind the horns, and a little between the shoulders, but none on the
back of the neck. In the plate, too, the male standing up has a long
bushy tail, and the female lying down has a black line down the
back. Both these peculiarities, I regret to say, are due to the artist :
the animal has really a very short tail, so short that in life it can
♦ I think this, and not 0. poli, is the correct mode of spelling this animals
name.
ON TWO BIRDS FROM ANTIOCIUIA,
541
I875.J
scarcely be seen in general ; and there is no trace of a dark line down
the back. The general colour of the animals, as figured, is too rufous ;
the lower parts are not sufficiently white ; and the horns in the male
are poorly drawn.
It is only due to Dr. Stoliezka to point out that the drawing from
which the plate was taken was not sent by him, and that he is only
responsible for the description, p. 425, in which it w ill be seen that no
mane or dorsal stripe is mentioned, and that the length of the tail is
given as only 4 inches. The drawing was by Col. Gordon, who of course
is not a naturalist ; but I can hardly suppose that the mistakes men-
tioned were made by anyone having the animal before him. In any
case it is essential to point out these errors before somebody invents
a new genus for this long-tailed and maned type of the genus Ovis.
5. Description of two new Species of Birds from the State of
Antioquia, U. S. C. By P. L. Sclater, M.A., F.B.S.^
and OsBERT Salvin, M.A., F.R.S.
[Received July 9, 1875.]
Mr. T. K. Salmon, who has now returned to his former quarters
at Medellin, the capital of the the Columbian State of Antioquia, has
sent us a new collection of birds, formed in the neighbourhood of that
city. Amongst these are single examples of two species which appear
to be new to science*, and which we propose to describe as fol-
lows : —
Catharus PHiEOPLEURUS, sp. nov,
Supra olivaceo-brunneus : dorso, collo postico et capite toto, nisi
in yula, fusco-griseis : suhtiis in gula et ahdomme medio albuSy
ilia plumbeo variegata : pec tore et hypochondriis griseo-pluni-
beis : rostro et pedibus jiavis : long, tota alee (i*3, caudee 2*3,
rostri a rictu, 0*85 2 >olL Angl,
Hab, in Statu Antioquiensi reipublicae Columbians.
Obs, A G, mexicano capite griseo et pectore hypochondriisque ma-
gis plumbeis, a C,fuscatro dorso olivaceo-brunneo et capitis colore,
necnon a G, griseicipite dorso obscuriore et coloribus corporis infe-
rioris diversus.
Mus. .P. L. S.
This species of Catharus^ of which Mr. Salmon sends but a single
specimen, resembles several distinct species of the genus, being some-
what intermediate in its characters between the black-headed group
represented by G, mexicanus and C, fuscater^ and the grey-headed
C, griseiceps, which belongs more properly to the group represented
by C. melpomene.
The discovery of C, phceopleurus raises the number of species
of this genus now known {i, e, if we allow (7. macidatiis to be di-
* The species described as new from Mr. Salmon’s former collection from this
district were Cklorochri/sa nitidisshna, Scl. P. Z.S. 1873. p. 728. Gr allaria rujiceps,
Scl. P. Z. S. 1873. p. 729, and Tigrisoma salmoiii, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 38.
542
MR. A. H. GARROD ON THK INDIAN ELEPHANT. [NoV. 2,
stinct from C. dryas, a question open to doubt) to eleven, all of which
are found either in the nortli-western districts of S. America or in
Central America.
Automolus holostictus, sp. nov.
Supra nigeVy usque ad medium dorsum flammulis longis pallide cer-
vinis ornatiis: alls et dorso inferior e hrunneisy scapularium scapis
cervmis : uropygio et cauda tola rubiginoso-rxifis : subtiis cervi-
nuSy in ventre magis brunnescens ; plumarum marginibusfuscis^
et harum scapis dare cervinis : rostro saturate corneOy pedibus
fuscis : tong, iota 8*5, alee 3‘3, caudee rectr, med, 3*7, ext, 2*4,
tarsi 1*1.
II ab, in Statu Antioquiensi reipnbl. Columbianse.
Mus. P. L. S.
This fine large speeies at first sight resembles in plumage Thripa-
dectes flammutatus, but has not the peculiarly formed bill of that
species, and belongs to the true Aiitomoliy being nearest perhaps to
the newly described A> striaticej)s (P. Z S. 1875, p. 37).
G. Report on the Indian Elephant which died in the Gardens
on July 7th, 1875. By A. H. Garrod, M.A.^ Prosector
to the Society.
[Received July 15, 1875.]
On May 1st, 1851, the Society purchased of Mr, Batty (then of
the Circus, Westminster Bridge), for ^800, an adult Elejdias
indicus with its female calf. The specimens had been deposited in
the Society’s Gardens on the IDth of the preceding month. In the
spring of the year 1850, John Stimpson, now keeper in the Society’s
service, left. the E.I. Company’s military service, and when at
Cawnpoor, on his way to Calcutta, met an animal-dealer, Mr. Wallace,
who was on his way to Calcutta with the fennile and calf in question
as well as another Elephant. Stimpson is sure that the calf was born
after the female had been captured, and thinks that it w^as three
months old when he first saw it. He assisted in taking charge of
the animals till they arrived in this country: they were five months
on the voyage.
Of the two specimens purchased by the Society the mother was sold
on April 28th, 18.54, to the Zoological Society of Brussels, the calf
continuing to suckle until that date, i, e, until upwards of four years
of age.
It is this calf of 1851 which died on July 7th, 1875 (25 years old).
The Superintendent, the head keeper, and the Elephant-keepers are
of opinion that it continued to grow until within a year of its death.
Its height at the withers at the time of its death w^as just eight feet.
For the last four years at least the animal has lost the power of ex-
tending its trunk, from paralysis of the anterior intrinsic muscles of
of that organ. It has thus not been able to throw its trunk over its
la75.J REV. S. J. WHITMEE ON THE GENUS ANfENNARIUS. 54;j
head, or even the least forwards. When it took food it flexed tlie
decay forwards. This symptom is one of
For the last two years of its life it exhibited marked signs of
ilieuinatism, varying in Severity, very considerable at times. This
was most manifest on its kneeling down to be saddled.
The animal during the last three years of its life looked preter-
naturally aged, and worn out. It has never suffered the least from
cough, and has not become strikingly thin. It carried its saddle and
visitors 36 hours before its death, apparently without discomfort, and
ate well on the evening of the 6th inst.
For about six months the animal did not, as it was formerly wont to
do he down at uight. On the night of the 6th of July it fell on its left
side, and did not subsequently make any powerful attempt to rise. The
breathing was, when down, unusually rapid (about 25 a minute) ; and
no naarked symptoms of pain manifested themselves, general discom-
fort being evident. It died during the night of the 7th, having at
8 30 p.M. had a large dose (over 100 grs.) of strychnia given it by the
the poison was the cause of death is uncertain.
With the e.xception of one of the lungs, all the organs, the brain
included, were perfectly healthy. The lung in question was almost
eiitiiely infiltrated with tubercular deposit, not more than one sixth
being competent for the respiratory function. The tubercular infiltra-
tion was uniform or nearly so, being of a lighter colour and nearly in a
condition to break up in the centre of the organ, forming a dark grey
solid mass in the more recently affected portions near the margins
It may be mentioned that the teeth just coming into wear had, in
oth jaw^ 23, 24 or 2.5 plates; they were therefore the sixth
molars. I he epiphyses of the long bones were firmly united.
No entozoa were found.
As to the duration of the disease it is not easy to decide. It no
doubt, was of considerable standing ; probably it had commenced with
the nrst signs of decrepitude, about three years a^-o.
As to the cause of the tuberculosis, that was probably connected
with the animal having been born and bred in captivity in a cold
climate. A wild-caught animal 4 or 5 years of age would probably
have thriven better. *
7. Oil the Habits of the Fishes of the Genus Antennarius.
By the Rey. S. J. Whitmee, of Samoa, C.M.Z.S.
[Eeceived August 24, 1875.]
I ^ f ^ brought me a living Antennarius which
1 at hrst thought was an undescribed species. Dr. Giinther says of
tins genus, “ there is scarcely another genus of fishes which offers
SO much difnculty iii tlie discrimination of the species”*. He has
* Cut. of Fishes in British Museum, vol. iii. p. 184.
Puoc. ZooL. Soc.— 1875, No. XXXV. 35
544 REV. S. J. WHITMEE ON THE GENUS ANTENNARIUS. [NoV. 2,
kindly determined the present individual, which I have sent to the
British Museum, as A. coccineus (Less.).
The fish is found sticking to corals and stones on the reefs of
Upolu, and is very difficult to distinguish from the coral or stone.
Its Samoan name is La^otali,
As this fish was brought to me alive, I kept it in an aquarium
in my study for a few days to observe its habits. It was brought
in a cocoa-nut shell with very little water ; and its stomach was
greatly distended with air. MHien put into the aquarium it was
some minutes before it could sink. It struggled hard to get down,
and as the air was discharged it w^ent down, and immediately attached
itself, in a vertical position, to a block of coral by means of its pectoral
and ventral fins. These were distended, and looked very much as if
they served the purpose of sucking-disks (like the united ventrals in
some of the Gohiidce) as well as answering in place of feet. When
attached it held on very firmly, and I had a diflicultyin disengaging
it. Natives have told me that they have taken up a block of coral
with this fish attached, and have had great difficulty in shaking it off.
After being in the water a few minutes my fish moved from its
first position and, apparently, sought one better adapted to its
^ habits. It cut a poor figure when attempting to swim, and prepared
to walk where it could. It again fixed itself, in a vertical position
with the head up, in an indentation in a coral block which pretty
well matched its size. When attached it looked much like the block
itself, the cutaneous tentacles and ocellated spots greatly resembling
the fine seaweed and coloured nullipores with which the dead por-
tions of corals and stones are more or less coated in these seas. As I
watched it I could not help thinking that this fish presents us with
what we now call (since Mr. Bates introduced the term) mimicry."’
Being a slow swimmer and carnivorous, it has to get its food by
stratagem. Hence the advantage of those characteristics which
make it so grotesque in appearance — wide vertical mouth, rough
and spotted skin with cutaneous teutacles, and the anterior dorsal
spine modified into a soft tentacle.
I had positive evidence that the example in question was carni-
vorous. A short time after it had been put into the aquarium it
vomited a slightly decomposed fish I inch 5 lines in length. This
was one of the small fishes always seen in great abundance about the
coral patches, nibbling at the fine seaweeds and the growing points
of the corals. The capture of such fishes when unconsciously
approaching it would, I believe, be greatly facilitated by the strong
current produced when this Antennarius sucks the water into its
capacious jaws. From its vertical position when fixed on a stone,
the jaws open horizontally ; and they are very wide. When examin-
ing the fish I placed it iu a basin with about a pint of water. So
much water was drawm into its jaws and expelled with such force
through the foramina, which are directed backwards behind the
pectorals, that a rapid rotatory motion wns produced iu all the
water. This, I imagine, would be sufficient to eiigulC many a
small fish or crustacean within its stomach.
l»75.j REV, S. J. WHITMEE ON THE GENUS ANTENNARIUS. 545
The natives frequently get ** stung ” by the third dorsal spine of
this fish, when they happen to pick up a block to which it is
attached, before they are aware of its presence. It causes very
great agony, which usually lasts several hours, and sometimes two or
three days. Another fish, which I believe is also an Anteiinarius^
but which I have not yet examined, produces effects much more
alarming than this one. I have seen the hands and feet of natives
swollen and greatly inflamed by a prick from the larger species, and
have seen strong men weeping and groaning like children with the
agony it caused. Sometimes the effect produced by a prick from
this lasts for wxeks.
Two or three weeks after procuring the fish described above,
another living Antennarius was brought to me by one of my col-
lectors, This, which has been likewise sent to the British Museum,
is, as I am told by Dr. Gunther, A. multiocellatus (Cuv. et Vah).
I had this example alive in my aquarium for several days. It was
brought to me out of the water, and had been out several minutes.
It seemed somewhat exhausted, but soon recovered when placed in the
water. It affected a singular position. It moved occasionally from
one place to another, and evidently preferred a position between two
coral blocks near together. Here it planted itsventrals firmly on the
sand at the bottom of the aquarium, while it fixed its pectorals, in
the manner of disks, on the sides of the blocks of coral between which
it was stationed, and raised its posterior extremity at an angle not far
from the vertical. In this position it reminded me of the antics of
city Arabs who walk on their hands with their legs in the air; its
posture was almost exactly that assumed in such an exercise. The
caudal fin was bent over towards the dorsal and in a line with it,
while the anal was brought almost into line with the major axis of
the body, occupying the position belonging to the caudal. When-
ever it fixed itself for any length of time, it was always in this posi-
tion ; and in that attitude it angled with the ciliated anterior dorsal for
some of the small fish in the aquarium, I hoped to see it catch
one ; but they were too wary. There were seven fish not too large
for the Antennarii\ but they had been some months in captivity,
were quite at home in every nook and corner, and knew too well the
nature of the new inmate to allow themselves to be taken off their
guard. I am accustomed to feed these with bread-crumbs, and I
tried to entice them to the neighbourhood of the Antennarius by
dropping some so as to fall immediately in front of it. But it was
to no purpose ; they kept at a safe distance. When one ventured
to dash at a falling crumb rather nearer than usual, it immediately
darted away again in evident fear.
The way in which these little creatures showed their anger at the
intruder amused me. They never approached it from the front, but
always behind, and invariably backwards. As the Antennarius was
protected behind by the coral blocks they had to approach it through
the interstices of the coral ; and only small fish could do this. When
sufficiently near to suppose they could annoy their enemy, by a
rapid motion of the caudal fin thev lashed the water and then
35 *
MR. G. K. DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS. [Nov. 2,
darted away. But I never saw one actually strike the Anten-
narius.
This mode of attack, no doubt, explains why this fish chooses such
a position as that observed by my example. Being very slow in its
movements, it protects its posterior parts. Did it not do this it
might be seriously injured by an Acanthiirus, I have frequently
observed my fishes fight by approaching backwards and lashing at
each other with the tail. This will doubtless furnish a good reason
for the formidable lateral armature of the tail in the Acronuridee
and some other families of fishes.
8. A Monograph of the Genus Taphozous, Geoff.
By G. E. Dobsom, M.A., M.B., F.L.S., &e.
[Eeceived September 1, 1875.]
In 1872 I published some notes on the Asiatic species of TaphozoiiSy
giving a short synopsis of the species, in which they were divided into
two groups. Since that time I have examined the types and large
collections of s])ecimens of the species of this genus in the British
Museum, in the Museum of the East-India Company, in the Leyden,
Berlin, and Paris Museums, also the collection in the Liverpool
Museum and that of Sir Walter Elliot (most kindly forwarded from
Scotland for my examination), as well as some private collections.
Adding to these the large collection in the Indian Museum, Calcutta,
I have thus examined a great number of specimens of the species
of this genus, including the types, and am enabled to remove some
nominal species from the list, to describe in detail, and to exhibit, in
tabular form, according to their natural affinities, all the species of
Tajihozous,
Taphozous.
Taphozons, Geoffroy, Descript, de TEgypte, ii. p. 126 ; Temminck,
Monogr. Mammal, ii. p. 277 (excl. Taphozous leptuntSy Geoff, et
Temm.) ; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Siiugeth. v. p, 684.
Muzzle very conical, broad behind, very narrow in front, terminated
by the slightly projecting inner margins of the valvular nostrils.
Crown of the head very slightly raised above the face-line : a deep
frontal excavation between the eyes; ears separate, the inner margin
of the conch arising by a short band from the side of the frontal con-
cavity, the outer margin of the conch commencing in a small lobe
close to the angle of the mouth but on a lower level ; tragus short,
narrowest opposite the base of its inner margin, expanded above ; lower
lip as long or slightly longer than the upper li]), terminating in front
in two small triangular naked spaces separated by a more or less deep
groove ; eyes rather large, a distinct horizontal groove on the face
beneath ; thumb with a small but very acute claw ; first phalanx of
middle finger folded (in repose) on dorsum of metacarpal bone ; foot
long and slender, the outer toe as long as the middle toe, the inner
1875.] MR. G. E. DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAFHOZOUS. 547
toe shortest ; tail perforating the interfemoral membrane and appear-
ing on its upper surface, capable of being partially withdrawn.
Dentition, — Inc. ; C. Pm. M.
Premaxillaries cartilaginous, supporting a pair of small weak inci-
sors often absent in adult animals ; canines rather close together,
much curved forwards, separated from the second premolar by a
wide space in which the first minute premolar scarcely appears above
the level of the gum ; second upper premolar exceeding the molar in
vertical extent; last molar consisting of a narrow transverse bony
lamina; mesopterygoid fossa very narrow, the pterygoid plates ter-
minating in long hamular processes ; immediately behind, the basi-
sphenoid is deeply excavated on either side of a narrow longitudinal
bony ridge which connects the roof of the mesopterygoid fossa with
the basioccipital, the excavations forming corresponding elevations
on the floor of the brain-case ; postorbital processes very long, con-
nected by ligament with the zygoma, and thus completely circum-
scribing the orbit. ^
o *
£ Tapho::ous Io7xgbna7ius. $
Most of the species of this genus have a peculiar glandular sac (see
fig. 1) placed between the angles of the lower jaw — a sexual character;
for, while always more developed in males than in females, in some
species while distinct in the male it is quite absent in the female. The
width of the opening of the sac is nearly equal to half the distance
between the angles of the jaw ; and the direction of the opening is
anterior. This open gular sac is quite absent in both sexes in 2\
melanopogoiXy but about its usual position the openings of small pores
may be seen, the secretion exuding from which probably causes the
hairs in this situation to grow very long, forming the black beard
found in many male specimens of this species.
In the greater number of species, also, a small band of integument
passes from the inferior surface of the forearm near its distal extremity
to the proximal extremity of the fifth metacarpal bone, forming a
small pouch with the wing-membrane — the radio-metacarpal pouch.
This genus is limited to the tropical and subtropical regions of the
Eastern Hemisphere, in which it is widely distributed. The dis-
tribution of the species is shown as follows : —
Africa and its islands 3
North-eastern Africa and South-western Asia . . 1
Asia and Malayana 5
Australia and New Guinea 1
548
MR. G. E. DORSON ON THE GENUS TAPIIOZOUS, [NoV. 2,
Spiopsis of Suhgenera and Species.
I. Eadio-metacarpal pouch distinct; lower lip
scarcely grooved
a. Radio metacarpal pouch well developed.
a\ No gular sac in male or female.
a!\ Rur of the back extending upon part of
the wing- and interfemoral membranes ;
extremity of tail tliickened
h'\ Fur of the back very narrow across loins,
not extending upon the membranes ; ex-
tremity of tail not thickened
V. Gular sac present in males, rudimentary or
absent in females.
Gular sac quite absent in females, throat
hairy beneath.
a'". Ears as long or longer than the head . . .
6'". Ears shorter than the head
Gular sac rudimentary in females, throat
naked beneath.
d". Fur brown above and beneath
Fur brown above, and beneath neck ;
chest and abdomen pure white
h. Radio-metacarpal pouch small ; fur very short,
not extending to membranes
II. No radio-metacarpal pouch ; lower lip divided
in the centre of its upper surface, and in front
by a deep narrow groove
a. Ears broadly rounded olF above ; inner margin
smooth, slightly convex above ; forearm three
inches or less.
a\ Gular sac developed (but smaller) in female
also ; fur dark brown above and beneath. . .
h\ Gular sac rudimentary in female, the mar-
gins alone developed ; fur brown above,
pure white beneath
h. Ears triangular, narrowly rounded off above ;
inner margin papillate ; forearm three and
a half inches at least 10. T. peliy Temm.
I. Radio-rnetacarpal pouch distinct ; lower lip scarcely grooved.
Subgenus 1 . Taphozous.
1. Taphozous melanopogon.
Taphozous melanopogon^ Temm. Monog. Mammal, ii. p. 287 ;
Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Saugetli. v. p. G87 ; Cantor, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Beng. xv. p. 180 5 Dobson, Proc, Asiat. Soc. Beug. Aug. 1872 ,
p. 153.
Taphozous philippinensis^ Waterhouse, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 9.
No gular pouch ; the openings of small pores appearing beneath
the fur covering the inferior surface of the lower jaw between its
angles ; in some male specimens the hair in this situation is very
long, forming a dense black beard. Radio-metacarpal pouch large.
Wings from the tibise above the ankles.
The fur of the head extends upon the face as far as a line joining
the inner corners of the eyes ; the inner side of the ear-conch is
Subgenus Taphozous.
1. T. melanopogon, Temm.
2. T theohaldi, Dobson.
3. T. ausifalis, Gould.
4. T i^erforatuSf Geoff.
5. T. longbnaniis, Ilardw.
6. T. mauritiamis, Geoff.
7. 7'. nudiventris, Riipp.
S ubgen u s Tapdwnycteris.
8. T. saccoIcBmus, Temm.
9. T. affinis, Dobson.
549
18 / 5 .] MR. G. E. DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS.
covered with a few hairs ; posteriorly the ears are clothed at their
bases, naked above except where a row of fine hairs fringe the outer
margin.
On the upper surface the fur of the body extends uj)Oii the wing-
membrane about one third the length of the humerus and femur,
the remainder of the wing- and antebrachial membranes are quite
naked ; posteriorly the interfemoral is covered thinly almost as far as
the point where the tail perforates it ; inferiorly, the fur of the body
extends outwards upon the wing-membrane as far as a line joining
the middle of the humerus and femur; beyond this, as in other species,
a band of very short fine hair extends along the posterior margin of
the forearm to the carpus ; the feet are naked, except where a few
hairs arise at the base of the claws on the backs of the terminal
phalanges of the toes.
Above, the fur is white at the base, then dark-brown, the extreme
tips slightly grayish ; beneath, white at the base, then paler brown
than on the upper surface, the extreme tips grayish. In some
specimens the white at the base of the hairs beneath is not well
marked. • j i
The black beard is not always developed in the males ; its develop-
ment seems to depend on certain conditions as yet not known ; pro-
bably it appears periodically during the rutting-season. In five
male specimens in the Indian Museum this beard is well developed,
while out of over one hundred specimens received by M. Milne-
Edwards from Cochin China, examined by me in the Paris Museum,
• two only possessed the beard.
The females of this species (in which neither the black beard nor
pore-openings are developed) resemble those of T. longimanus ; they
are readily distinguished, however, by the absence of the rudimentary
gular sac, and by the under surface of the lower jaw being well clothed
with hair, by the larger ears, and especially by the tail, which is
thickened and somewhat laterally compressed towards the tip, though
in every other species of the genus it tapers slightly towards its
Gxtrcniity .
Length: head and body 3"-l ; tail l"*0 ; ear 0"-8.5, tragus 0"*23;
forearm 2"*5 ; thumb 0"’35 ; second finger— metacarp. 2" •2, Istph.
550 MR. G. K. DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS. [NoV. 2,
0"-8, 2nd ph. 0" 9; fourth finger 2"-l ; tibia 0"-9 ; foot and claws
0"-5.
Hab. Bengal (Jashpnr), Pinang, Burma, Cochin China, Java.
Type in the eolleetioii of the Leyden Museum.
2. Taphozous theobaldi.
Taj>hozoiis theobaldi, Dobson, Proc. Asiat. Soe. Beng. Aiig. 18/2,
p. 152.
Gular sac absent in both sexes. Inner margin of the ear papillate ;
ears larger than in any of the species of Taphozous. Kadio-meta-
carpal pouch well developed, larger than in T. melanopogon. Wings
from the tibiae above the ankles.
'I'he fur of the head extends upon the face as far as a line drawn
between the inner corners of the eyes, the remainder of the muzzle
is nearly naked ; car-conch naked, except where a few hairs clothe
the basal portion of its inner surface ; posteriorly the ears are naked
except at the base and along their outer margins.
On the upper surface the wing- and interfemoral membranes are
quite naked, the fur being strictly limited to the body ; laterally the
limit of the fur upon the back is defined by a well-marked line, con-
vex hnoards in the lumbar region ; in T. saccolcBmus and in T. nudi-
ventris the line of fur is convex outioards in the same situation ; so
that in this species the space occupied by fnr in the lumbar region
is narrower than in any of the other species, and appears to depend
on the position of attachment of the wing-membrane. The tail has
but three or four long, very fine hairs.
Inferiorly, the chin is naked as far as the anterior prolongation of
the external margin of the ears ; the fnr of the body extends upon
the wing-membrane as far as a line joining tbe middle of the hnmerns
and femur ; from this a band of fine hairs extends outwards to the
carpus ; the interfemoral membrane is naked ; the backs of the toes
are covered with very short hairs.
Upper incisors very short and blunt.
Length: head and body 3"'35 ; tail 1"'35 ; head ear
(anteriorly) l"'l, tragus 0"'28 ; forearm 3"'0; thumb 0"*d5 ;
second finger 4"'7 ; fourth finger 2"‘5 ; tibia 1"' 1 5 ; ealeaneum 0"‘9 ;
foot and claws 0" (35.
Hab. Tenasserim Province.
Type in the eolleetion of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
3. Taphozous australis.
2'aphozous australis, Gould, Mammals of Australia ; Wagner,
Suppl. Sehreb. Saugeth, v. p, C90.
A distinct but rather small throat-sac in males, in females quite
absent, the chin being covered with hairs in the position occupied
by the throat-sac in the males. Ears large, as long as the head,
inner margin of the ear-conch papillate; no lobule at the base of
the tragus. Radio-metacarpal pouch well developed.
Wings from the ankles or tarsus. Tail slender.
551
18 / 5.1 MR. G. E DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS.
The face is everywhere covered with hair, which in front of the
frontal depression is very short. The fur of the back extends for a
short distance upon the wing-membrane, and upon the mtertemoral
as far as the point perforated by the tail ; the remaining part has a
few short hairs. Beneath, the wing-membrane is densely covered
as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the knee,
the limit of the fur being strictly defined as in T. melanopogon. As
in other species, a baud of fur passes outwards behind the forearm
to the carpus, • • .1
Fur, above and beneath, white at the base, the remaining three
fourths of the hairs above dark-brown, and terminal half beneath
paler brown. The fur of the body rather long and dense.
Length: head and body 3"-0 ; tail l"-3; ear0"-95, tragus 0 '*28 ;
forearm 2"'7 ; thumb 0"’4; second finger— metacarp. 2 '5, 1st P«-
8", 2nd ph. !"• 1 ; fourth finger 2”'45 ; tibia l"-05 ; calcaneum 0 '8 ;
foot and claws 0'''45,
Hab. Australia, New Guinea.
Type in the collection of the British Museum.
3 a. Taphozous australis, var. flaviventris.
Taphozous Jlavivenfris (Gould), Peters, P. Z. S. 18G6, p, 430.
This appears to be a variety only of T. australis, differing in its
greater size. Prof. Peters remarks “ This species, represented by
a single male submitted to my examination by Mr. Gould, is, although
nearly related to T. australis, Gould, different in colour and m its
superior size.”
4* Taphozous perforatus.
Taphozous perforatus, Geoffroy, Descript, de I’^gypte, 11. p. 126 ;
Teiniii. Monog. Mamm. ii. p. 281 ; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Saiigelh.
V. p. 684. , . , • .
Giilar sac in males large, in females quite absent, chin hairy be-
neath ; ears shorter than the head, inner margin faintly papillate.
Radio-metacarpal pouch well developed.
Wings from the tibim, about a quarter of an inch above the ankles.
Extremity of tail attenuated.
Fur short, dark-brown above and beneath, extending on both siii-
faces of the wing-membrane from the middle of the humerus to the
middle of the femur, on the interfemoral membrane as far as the
’^TLgTh”?eadaL^^^ ; tail0"-95 ; ear 0"-7, trapes O'' 23;
forearm 2"‘4 ; thumb 0"*35 ; second finger— mepcarp. 2 -2, Ist ph.
0"-7, 2nd ph. 0"’9 ; fourth finger 2"*0; tibia 0 '9 ; foot and claws
0"-45.
Hab. Egypt.
Type in the collection of the Paris Museum.
5. Taphozous longimanus.
Taphozous longimanus, Ilardwicke, Linn. Trans, xiv. p.
525 ;
552 MR. G. E. DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS. [NoV. 2,
Temm. Monog. Mammal, ii. p. 289 ; Blytli, Jourii. Asiat. Soc. Beng.
X. p. 974 ; Kelaart, Prodr. Faunae Zeylanicae, p. 12 ; Wagner, Suppl.
Sclireb. Siiugeth. v. p. 688; Horsfield, Catal. Mammal. Mus. E. I.
Comp. p. 41 ; Dobson, Proc. Asmt. Soc. Beng, Aug. 1872, p. 153.
Taphozous bicolor^ Temm. L c, p. 290.
Taphozous fulvidus et brevicaudiis^ Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Beng. X. p. 975.
Taphozous cantoriy id, xi. 784,
The gular sac is large and well-developed, though not so large as
in T, saccolcemus ; in the female it is represented by a rudimentary
fold of skin and nakedness of the integument in the same situation.
Radio-metacarpal pouch moderately developed. Inner margin of ear
smooth, not papillate; ears about same size as in T. saccolcemus.
Wings from the ankles.
The fur of the head extends upon the face slightly in front of the
eyes ; the muzzle is almost quite naked ; the inner side of the ear-
conch is rather thickly covered with moderately long, fine hair ; pos-
teriorly the ear is almost naked, but a few fine hairs are ranged along
the outer margin ; the tragus is quite naked. On the upper surface
the fur of the body extends upon the wing-membraue as far as a
line joining the middle of the humerus and femur ; posteriorly the
interfemoral membrane is covered as far as the point of exit of the
tail, along which some long fine hairs extend ; the remainder of the
interfemoral membrane is clothed with very short, almost invisible
fur, which extends along the tibiae to the feet, becoming longer on
the terminal phalanges of the toes.
Beneath, the fur in front of the gular pouch, under the chin, is
very short, and the skin there almost naked ; the antebrachial inem-
braue is covered with longer fur than upon the upper surface ; on
the wing-membrane the fur of the body extends more densely and
farther outwards than on the upper surface, being limited by a line
joining the distal and middle thirds of the humerus and femur, but
a narrow band of hairs extends outwards to the carpus ; posteriorly
the interfemoral membrane is naked, except at the root of the tail.
Fur varying from reddish-brown to black, above and beneath, the
bases of the hairs white.
Upper incisors small and very slender in some individuals, in the
greater number of specimens absent.
Length: head and body 3^^’l ; tail F^*15; head 0^^*95 ; ear (an-
teriorly) 0^^‘S, tragus 0''*25; forearm 2^'*45 ; thumb 0^'*3 ; second
finger 4''*2; fourth finger 2'^*15; tibia 0^'*95 ; calcaneum 0^'*85;
foot and claws 0'^*45.
Bab, Indian peninsula, Ceylon, Burmah,
Abundant about Calcutta and in all the southern parts of the
Indian peninsula ; not yet recorded from Northern India, nor from
the Himalaya.
The colour of the fur varies very much. Among a large collection
of specimens taken at the same place, one may be found with reddish-
brown fur, the others blacker. In all cases, however, the base of the
fur is white, and the darker-coloured individuals are generally females.
1875.] MU. G. E. DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS.
553
This species very closely resembles T, perforatus^ Geoff., and may
yet be shown to be a variety only of that species. The number of
specimens of both species in the Museums at present is not sufficient
to decide the question.
Type in the collection of the British Museum.
6. Taphozous mauritianus.
Taphozoxts mauritumiiSy Geoffroy, Descript. del’Egypte, ii. p. 127 ;
Temni. Monogr. Mammal, ii. p. 291 ; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb.
Saugeth. v. p. 685.
Taphozous leucopteruSy Temm. /. c. p. 284.
Inner margin of the ear indistinctly papillate ; tragus naked, with
a distinct angular projection near the base of its outer margin.
Gular sac distinct in males, rudimentary in females, the throat being
naked only in the position of the sac. Radio-metacarpal pouch
smaller than in T. longimanus. Wings from the ankles. Feet
small.
On the upper surface the face in front of the eyes is covered
with short hairs, and the fur of the back extends upon the inter-
femoral membrane slightly beyond the point of perforation by the
tail ; beneath, the distribution of fur upon the membrane is similar,
but the iiiterfemoral is very thinly covered.
Fur, above, from the base for three fourths its length light buffy-
brown, then dark brown with grey extremities ; beneath, similar on
shoulders and sides of the thorax and neck behind the ears as far
back as the origin of the antehumeral membrane, the neck behind
the gular pouch and the remainder of the chest and abdomen pure
white.
On the upper surface the wing-membrane as far outwards as a
line drawn from the ankle to the elbow, and also the antehumeral
and iuterfemoral membranes are brown, the remaining part of the
wing-membrane white, except a small ill- defined patch of brown
inside the first phalange of the longest finger; beneath, all the mem-
branes are white.
Length (of an adult male): head and body 3^''l ; tail ; ear
(anteriorly) tragus 0''*25 ; forearm 2^'*4 ; thumb 0"*3 ; second
finger 4^'*0 ; fourth finger 2^^*2 ; tibia 0''‘85 ; foot and claws 0^'*45.
Hab. Africa (eastern and western coasts), Madagascar, Bourbon
and Mauritius Islands. In Africa probably limited to the tropical
and subtropical regions.
Type in the collection of the Paris Museum.
7. Taphozous nudiventris.
Taphozous nudiventriSy Cretzschinar, in Riipp. Atlas Reise nordl.
Afrika, Saugeth. p. 70, fig. 27b (1826) ; Temminck, Monogr. Mam-
mal. ii. p. 280; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Saugeth. v. p. 684.
Inner margin of ears papillate in upper third : muzzle naked,
very pointed ; a small but distinct throat-sac in the male, in the
female rudimentary, represented by a slight fold of skin and naked-
ness of the integument. Radio-metacarpal pouch very small. Wings
554 MU. G. U. DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS. [NoV. 2,
from the tibiae. Backs of toes with long hairs almost as long as in
the species of Molossi. Fur covering the body very short, white at
the base, the extremities dark-brown.
In front the fur of the head does not extend beyond the frontal
depression, and the muzzle is nearly naked ; the ear-conch has a few
fine hairs on its inner side only, tragus naked. The fur of the back
is limited laterally and posteriorly by a well-defined line beyond which
the finest hair does not pass ; it does not extend upon the wing or
interfenioral membranes, and the humerus, forearm, and antebrachial
membranes are quite naked ; posteriorly the terminal line of hair is
separated from the point of exit of the tail by a considerable distance ;
beneath, the throat is nearly naked ; the wing-membrane is covered
as far as a line drawn from the midddle of the humerus towards the
pubis, and a band of fine hairs extends outwards posterior to the fore-
arm to the carpus ; the lower part of the abdomen, the legs, and the
interfenioral membrane are quite naked.
In this species large collections of fat surrounding the root of the
tail and extending between the thighs are found in many specimens,
especially in those taken during the hibernating season. This ap-
pears to be a provision for sustaining life during the cold season,
and would seem to indicate that this is the most northerly species
of the genus ; for I have not observed similar deposits of fat in
the body of any of the other species, which all inhabit tropical or sub-
tropical regions. Similarly large deposits of fat are found in Rhino-
j)oma alone, which inhabits the same countries with this Bat.
Length (of an adult $ ): head and body 3"* 7 ; tail ; ear 0''*85,
tragus 0''*25 ; forearm 2'^*95 : thumb 0''*45 ; second finger — meta-
carp, 2''*55, 1st ph. F'*l, 2nd ph. F'*2 ; fourth finger 2''*8 ; tibia
I '^*2 ; foot and claws 0'^*6.
Hab. North-Eastern Africa (Egypt, Nubia) ; Asia Minor (Pales-
tine).
Type in the collection of the Frankfort Museum.
7a. Taphozous nudiventris, subsp. kachhensis.
Taphozous kachhensisy Dobson, Journ, Asist. Soc. Beup*. 1872,
p. 221.
V^cry similar to T. 7iucUventns in general form and in the distribu-
tion of the fur, but distinguished by the absence of the gular sac in
both male and female ; in the male the usual position of the sac is
indicated by a small semicircular fold of skin and nakedness of the in-
tegument; in the female the surface is smooth. The measurements
are also slightly different; but the general resemblance to T. nudi-
ventris is so close that I hesitate to class it as a distinct species.
Length (of an adult $ ) : head and body 3"*6 ; tail P'*25; ear
tragus 0''*25; forearm 2"*95 ; thumb 0''*45 ; second finger — meta-
carp. 2"*7, 1st ph. 1"*1, 2nd ph. P'-3; fourth finger 2^'*7 ; tibia P'*l ;
foot and claws 0''*65.
Hah. Kachh, N. W. India.
Type in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta.
1875.]
MR. G. E. DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS.
555
II. ^ 0 )*adio-metacarpal pouch ; lower lip divided in the centre of
its upper sitrfacey and in front by a deep narrow groove.
Subgenus 2. Taphonycteris.
8. Taphozous saccol^mus.
Taphozous saccolaimus. Temmiuck, Monogr. Mammal, ii. p. 28.5.
pi. 60.
Taphozous crassusy Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beiig. xiii. p. 491.
Taphozous pulchery Elliot, /.c. p. 492.
Ears shorter than the head; tragus concave on outer surface,
upper margin regularly convex, margined posteriorly by a fringe of
fine hairs ; inner margin of the ear-conch smooth, not papillate; gu-
lar sac well developed in both male and female, but much larger in
the male; lower lip with a deep narrow groove in the centre of its
upper surface and in front. No radio-metacarpal pouch. AVings
from the ankles.
^ On the upper surface the fur of the body scarcely extends upon the
wing-membrane, the line of attachment of which seems to limit its
extent ; posteriorly the fur terminates, as on the sides, in a well-de-
fined line limited by the root of the tail ; the interfemoral membrane
and the legs are quite naked, the feet are also nkked, thus differing
from the greater number of, if not from all, the species of the genus.
Beneath, the chin and sides of the gular sac are covered with very
short hair, the thorax and abdomen with moderately long fur, as on
the upper surface; the autebrachial membrane has a few fine hairs;
and the wing-membrane is covered as far as a line joining the middle
of the humerus and the femur, a line of fur passing outwards to the
carpus and occupying a considerable triangular patch of membrane
there between the forearm and fifth metacarpal bone.
Fur, above, white at the base, the greater part of the hairs dark-
browm, the surface mottled with small irregular white patches; be-
neath, reddish brown.
Length : head and body 3"*5 ; tail r'*3; ear 0"-8, tragus 0''*23 ;
thumb 0''*5; second finger — metacarp. 2"*75, Istph. F'*15, 2ndph,
r'*2; fourth finger 2"'65 ; tibia V'*2; foot and claws 0"*65.
Hab, Lower Bengal (Sylhet) ; Burma; Malay peninsula ; Suma-
tra; Java.
Type in the collection of the Leyden Museum.
9. Taphozous affinis.
Taphozous affinisy Dobson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1875, xvi. p. 232.
Ears shorter than the head ; inner margin of the ear-conch not
papillate, tragus rather short, almost quite circular above, outer surface
concave. Lower lip with a deep narrow groove in the centre of its
upper surface. Male with a large gular sac, as large as in T. saccolce-
m'usy rudimentary in the female, the margins of the sac alone de-
veloped.
No radio-metacarpal pouch. Wings from the ankles; fur, above,
556 MR. G. E. DOBSON ON THE GENUS TAPHOZOUS. [NoV. 2,
black, the bases of the hairs white ; beneath wholly pure silky white
as in Vesperugo temminddi. The integument of the back is white ;
the antebrachial and interfemoral membranes, and that portion of the
wing-membranes between the forearm and third finger, white, while
that portion of the wing-membrane between the third and first fin-
gers is black mottled with white along the third finger; beneath, the
wing-membrane is pure white from the sides of the body outwards as
far as the third finger, beyond which it is coloured as the correspond-
ing part above.
This species is closely allied to T. saccolcemus, resembling it iu its
general structure and in measurements. It is at once distinguished
by the pure whiteness of the fur of the thorax and abdomen, and of
the wing-membrane (the same iu the four specimens preserved in
spirit, from which the original description was made), which in T. sac-
col{jcmus is always some shade of brown. Structurally it is distin-
guished by the complete absence of a gular sac in the females ; for
in T. saccolcBMus a sac exists in the females also, though much less
developed than in the males. The margins of a gular sac are well
defined in this species ; but no cavity exists.
Length : head and body 3"'4 ; tail T'*l ; ear 0''*9, tragus 0"*25 ;
forearm 2"*9 ; thumb 0"*5; second finger — metacarp. 2"’8, 1st ph.
T'*2, 2nd ph. T'*2 ; fourth finger 2"*5.; tibia T'-O ; foot and claws
0"-6.
Ilab, Labuan. Type in the collection of the British Museum.
10. Taphozous peli.
Taphozous peliy Temminck, Esq. Zool. sur la cote de Guince, p. 82.
Ears proportionally smaller and more triangular than in the other
species, upper half of the inner margin of the ear-conch papillate ;
tragus rather short, evenly rounded above as iu T. saccolcemus. Lower
lip with a deep narrow groove. Gular sac very large in males, rudi-
mentary (the margins only defined) in females. No radio-metacarpal
pouch.
Fur of the body short, not extending to the membranes ; distribu-
tion similar to that of T. nudwentris.
Above, dark reddish-brown, beneath, a slightly paler shade of the
same colour.
Length.: head and body4"*2; tail 1"*2; ear T'^O, tragus 0" ‘3 ;
forearm 3'"*5 ; thumb 0"*6 ; second finger — metacarp. 3"*3, 1st ph.
T'*45, 2nd ph. 1"*45; fourth finger — metacarp. 2"*1, 1st ph. 0"8,
2nd ph. 0''*45 ; tibia T'*3 ; foot and claws 0"’8.
Hah. Africa, Gold Coast (Leyden Museum), Cameroon Mountains
(Brit. Mus.), East Africa (Cambridge Mus.).
Type in the collection of the Leyden Museum.
1875.] DR, O. FINSCH ON THE SPECIES OF CHRYSCENA,
557
9. Notes on the Fruit-pigeons of the Genus Chi'ijsoeria,
By Otto Finsch, C.M.Z.S.
[Eeceired September 1, 1875.]
In looking over the last number of the Society’s ‘ Proceedings^
(January 1875), my attention was struck by a notice of Mr. Layard,
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 30, relating to somebirds of the Viti Islands, in which
he says : —
By the way, Professor von Suhm and I, after going carefully into
the subject, came to the conclusion that the ‘Orange Dove’ of Taviuni
and Lanthala {Chrysc^na victor ^ Gould) is a phase of plumage of the
‘ Green Dove^ (CAr, luteovirens'),'^
I regret that Mr. Layard did not tell us more particularly by
what facts he became convinced of the identity of these species, as I,
being well acquainted with them, do not understand how they can
be considered to be phases of one and the same species. I have ex-
amined a good series of specimens of Chrysodna luteovirens collected
by Dr. Graffe at Viti Levu and Ovalaii, and have seen all the changes
of plumage from the uniform green dress of the first year (the so-
called Pt, feliciccy Hombr.) to the full-grown stage of the yellow
plumage. This latter is, no doubt, that of the very old bird, which
is likewise distinguished by a peculiarity in the structure of the
feathers not to be found iu any other member of the genus Ptilo-
nopus. The small feathers, with exception of those of the head in
Chryscena luteovirens^ are remarkable for their narrowed cylindrical
form, reminding one in some respects of those in Xipholena, But
this structure is not to be found in Chrysoena victor at all ; so that
if one were to take the structure of the feathers solely as a distin-
guishing generic character of Chryscenay C. victor could not be placed
in the genus. But, as I have shown already (P. Z. S. 1873, p. 733,
foot-note), the genus Chrysoena differs from Ptllonopus chiefly in
having no shortened and narrowly pointed first quill. In this charac-
ter, as well as in the shortness of the wing, C, victor agrees very exactly
with C. luteovirens \ so that of their generic relationship there can
be no doubt. But C, victor does not possess the peculiar feather-
structure of C, luteovirens. Instead of the cylindrical structure of
C, luteovirens^ the feathers of C, victor are remarkable for the length
and laxity of their rhaches, which resemble those of the Parrot-genus
Coryllis \Loriculus)y so that the upper tail-coverts project a little over
the tail-feathers. Now if C, luteovirens were only a phase of plumage
of C, victory this could be only in relation to age, aud consequently
C, luteovirens would have to be regarded as the younger bird. But
the structure of its feathers shows a peculiarity which can only be
attained in the fully adult bird; and there cannot be the slightest
doubt that G, luteovirens would never lose this extraordinary cha-
racter of feathers and again assume a structure of feathers which
comes nearer to that of the young state. I need hardly remark that
the coloration in the two species is totally different, being in C, lu-
teovirens, in mature state, dark yellow, and in G, r/c^ordeep orange-
558
DU. J. S. BOWliRBANK ON
[Nov. 2,
red, nearly the same as in llupicola crocea ; but I may remark that
C. victor gets this splendid garb immediately after its first green dress,
without going into an intermediate yellow dress, such as that of C. lu-
teovirens. One of the specimens of C. victor which I have had the
|)leasnreofe.\aminingshowed the change of plumage very clearly, having
on the sides of the belly and flanks still some grass-green featliers, the
remnants of the first plumage. Another point of importance is also
the range of both species. C. luteovirens has been found only on the
islands of Viti-Levu and Ovalan, whereas C. victor, so far as our know-
ledge extends, is confined to the small islands of Taviuni and Lanthala,
on the east coast of the large island Vanua-Levu. I believe the
above-given remarks and comparisons between C. luteovirens and C.
victor are sufficient to prove that they form excellent species, which
ought not to be confounded in any way ; at least Mr. Layard must
give us far more exact and minute exjilanation in order to prove
that his conclusions are right.
10. A Monograph of the Siliceo -fibrous Sponges. By J. S.
Bovvekb.vnk, LL.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S., &c.— Part V.
[Eeceived September 17, 1875.]
(Plates LXI. & LXII.)
Faiirea SPiNiFERA. (Plate LXI. fig. 1.)
Sponge-form unknown. Dermal membrane unknown. External
skeleton-surface (?) irregular ; primary fibres branching and anasto-
mosing, large and strong, armed irregularly with very large and
strong, acutely conical spines ; fibres and large spines mostly smooth,
occasionally incipiently and minutely spinous ; secondary fibres
minutely spinous. Internal surface similar in character to the ex-
ternal one, but less strongly developed. Interstitial stratum — rete
irregular, fibres more slender than those of the external surfaces,
profusely minutely spinous, spines symmetrically disposed in about
equidistant linear series in accordance with the long axis of the fibre.
Sarcode dark amber brown.
Colour, in the dried state, dark amber.
Hal^. West Indies, Captain Hunter, R.N.?
Examined in the dried state.
The specimen from which this species is characterized is a frag-
ment seven lines in length, by four in greatest breadth ; and it has
every appearance of having been part of the side of a small cup-
shaped Sponge. I have presumed that the surface having the
stoutest fibres and the greatest amount of defensive armature is the
external one. There are no indications of a symmetrical dermal rete,
such as we find in some other species of Farrea ; but the skeleton-
fibres are quite in accordanee with the structural peculiarities of
of those of many species of that genus, and I have therefore referred
P Z S. 1875. PI LXI
Farrea spimfera 1. F. spin-alenta 2 - 3 .
Alcyoncellum. speciosum 4*.
J l}y.n.J<eh, d^et. et ItiK
VWJD
WWesti.C°
1
P.Z.S.1875.P1. LXII
t
J (Ul.tt lUh
Yf t C9 \Tfup
1875. J
blLICEO-FIBROUS SPONGES.
55a
it to Farrea until further information on the subject enables us to
assign it more correctly to its proper place among the siliceo-fibrous
sponges.
The primary skeleton-fibres are large and cylindrical, but of un-
equal diameter, and mostly have the appearance of transparent lon-
gitudinal striation from their strongly marked lines of growth, and
they are more or less minutely spinous ; their course is irregular,
not running in straight lines, but in meandering ones, branching at
intervals and again anastomosing with each other. Their large
conical defensive organs are not all systematically projected outwards
at about right angles to the dermal surface ; some are so disposed,
while others have a lateral direction, or are projected at various in-
termediate angles.
The central system of canals in the primary fibres is subject to
considerable irregularity. Sometimes they are regularly confluent;
at others they are produced in opposite directions, and their distal*
ends pass each other, and each has a caecoid termination. It is not
an unusual circumsiauce to see a short sexradiate arrangement of
canals within one of the large fibres, as if the process of the produc-
tion of new branches w’as first, the develojmient of the canals w'ithin
the parent fibre, and then the projection of the young offshoots in
accordance with the nascent canals. In some cases there is not the
slightest indication on the surface of the large fibre of the coming
offshoot, while in others there is a very slight elevation on its sur-
face immediately above the nascent canal ; or the young shoot, in
the form of an acutely conical projection, is unmistakably present
wdth the continuation of the canal in its centre to its apex, where it
usually appears to be open in the early stage of its development,
with extremely delicate margins ; but in a more advanced stage of
its grow^th the apex becomes solid. These projections of young
branches are readily to be distinguished from the conical external
defences by their canals, while the defensive organs appear to be per-
fectly solid.
The inner external surface has the same characters as the outer
one, but the dermal skeleton-fibres seem to be rather more slender.
The intervening skeleton is more regular in its construction than the
external layers. The reticulation is more regularly quadrate and
the areas smaller. The fibres are also smaller and more profusely
spinous; and the central canals are more continuous and confluent than
those of the fibres of the external surface, and in some parts they
are densely coated with dark-coloured opaque sarcode. I could not
detect the slightest traces of any detached sj)icula amidst the struc-
tures.
This interesting specimen is in the cabinet of my friend Mr. H.
Deane, who, I believe, received it with other specimens from Captain
Hunter, R.N.
Since the above description was written, I have received another
specimen of this species from my friend Mr. Deane. It is about
four lines square, and is closely attached by one of its broad surfaces
to the side of a small fragment of a Vermefus, and does not exhibit
Proc. Zool, Soc. — 1875, No. XXXVI. 3(>
5 GO
DR. J. S. BOVVERBANK ON
[Nov. 2,
traces of any pedicel. In every anatomical character it is in close
accordance with the type specimen. A portion of this specimen is
is quite obscured by a crowd of Foraminifera and Polycistina entan-
gled in the areas of the skeleton-rete.
The decease of my friend Mr. Deane does not allow of my deter-
mining the locality of this species with certainty ; but I am strongly
of opinion that it was collected by Captain Hunter in the West
Indies, along with Farrea Gassioti and other similar specimens.
Farrea spinulenta. (Plate LXI. figs. 2 & 3.)
Sponge-mass unknown. Dermis furnished with a quadrilateral
siliceo-fibrous network, armed at the angles oppositely externally
and internally with imbricated elongate-conical spicular defences*
Fibre solid, without canals, minutely spinous ; spines acutely coni-
cal, rather numerous, symmetrically disposed. Dermal membrane
thin, translucent, abundantly furnished with spinulo-quadrifurcate
sexradiate stellate retentive spicula dispersed. Interstitial spicula
large, simple, rectangulate, sexradiate ; radii acerate, more or less
spinous. Sarcode light brown.
Colour, in the dried state, light browm.
Hab, Tripoli {Captain C. Tyler).
Examined in the dried state.
The portion of the sponge representing this very interesting spe-
cies is not quite the eighth of an inch in diameter. It was presented
to my friend Captain Charles Tyler by Mr. Deane. It was found
off the coast of Tripoli. The specimen is but a minute portion of
the dermis of a sponge the mass of w'hich is unknown to us ; but
the nature of the structures displayed by its microscopieal examina-
tion unmistakably indicates that it belongs to the genus Farrea.
The quadrilateral siliceo-fibrous network of the dermal rete accords
in form very closely with that of Farrea occa. The fibres in each
species are solid ; and, as in F. occa^ the angles of the tissue, both
externally and internally, are armed with imbricated conical spicu-
lar defences ; but these organs are longer and more slender in their
proportions than in those* of F. occa.
Thus far they agree very closely in their structures. They differ
from each other in other important characters. The fibres in F.
occa are quite smooth, while those in the species under consideration
are regularly and systematically spinous, forming a very important
specific character. These spines are not irregularly dispersed ;
they are disposed in equidistant parallel lines, in accordance with the
long axis of the fibre, the spines in each line being also at about
equal distances from each other and opposite the middle of the in-
tervening spaces of those in the lines on each side of them, so that
their mode of disposition on the fibre is remarkably symmetrical and
very characteristic. Other essential differences occur in the dermal
membranes of the two species. In the quadrilateral, smooth, sili-
ceo-fibrous network of the dermis of F, occa, described in the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London for March 13, 18G9,
1875.]
SIHCEO-FIBROUS SPONGES,
5G1
p. 339, plate xxiv. fig, 7, there are some very small portions of the der-
mal membrane on parts not represented in the figure in situ on some
of the angles of the rete, in which there were fragments of extraneous
spicula of various forms embedded in the sarcode ; but I could not
detect any form among them that could be assigned with any degree
of probability as belonging to that dermal membrane, while in that
of that of the species under description the dermal membrane
abounded with them. The form of these spinnlo-quadrifnrcate
sexradiate stellate spicula is slender and very beautiful ; and they
are so numerous in some parts of the tissue, and so closely packed
together, that their forms are completely obscured ; but in other
parts, where a few only occur, they may be frequently seen in a very
perfect condition. They are very minute : one of the largest that
was measured did not exceed in its extreme diameter inch ;
and the qnadrifurcate terminal spicula measured inch in
diameter.
The large, simple rectangulate sexradiate interstitial spicula with
spinous radii, a few of which are entangled in the inner surface of
the dermal rete, also form efficient specific characters, none such
having hitherto been found in Farrea occa.
Farrea aculeata. (Plate LXII. fig. 1.)
Sponge — form, dermal membrane, oscula, and pores unknown.
Skeleton — primary fibres cylindrical, stout, branching, and anasto-
mosing, furnished profusely with acutely conical spines irregularly
dispersed, and with numerous long, slender defensive prickles pro-
jected in various directions, covered with minute spines, and also
with numerous rectangulate sexradiate defensive organs, radii
slender, entirely spinous ; canals very slender, confluent, frequently
obsolete. Secondary fibres the same as the primary ones, short and
less in diameter.
Colour, in the dried state, dark amber 1
Hub. West Indies {Captain Hunter^ 72. W.?).
Examined in the skeleton state.
The specimen, a portion of which is represented by fig. 1, Plate
LXII., is 10 lines long, by fijwide. It has apparently formed part of
a rather large-sized cup sponge. From the flatness of the specimen
and the unitormity of the two surfaces, it cannot be determined with
certainty which of the two was the outer or inhalant one; but I am
inclined to believe tliat the figure represents a part of the outer
surface ; nor can its locality be accurately determined. The speci-
men was presented to me by my late friend Mr. Henry Deane, with
several other siliceo-fibrous ones, including those from the West
Indies collected by Captain Hunter, R.N.; and I am strongly inclined
to believe the locality to be the same as that of Farrea Gassiotiy lat,
14° 8^ N., long. 77° 38' W., West Indies, 800 to 1000 fathoms.
The reticular skeleton of this species is very regular, by far the
greatest number of the areas being square, and the fibres in both
directions being of about the same diameter. There appears gene-
36*
DR. J. S. HOWERBANK ON
Nov. 2,
jCrJ
rally to be two layers of skeleton- structure; and occasionally a por-
tion of a third layer may be seen between them ; and this inter-
mediate one appears to be very much less regular in its structure
than either of the other two. The acutely conical spines on the
fibres are not equally dispersed ; on some parts they are very nume-
rous, while on others they are much less in number. The aculei
are very characteristic organs. They are of unequal length, and ir-
regular in their mode of disposition. On some fibres a single one is
projected ; on others there are two on opposite sides of the fibre ;
and sometimes there are three or four developed in directions op-
posite to each other. 'I'hey are rather slender, and attenuate gra-
dually from the base to the distal extremity, which is frequently
very slender and acute. The rectangulate sexradiate defensive
organs are numerous ; they are of nearly equal size, and are disposed
irregularly among the fibres ; but they are mostly projected into the
square areas of the skeleton-rete. The canals in the skeleton-fibres
are very slender, and in many of the large ones they are partially or
entirely obsolete.
I know of no other species for which F, aeuleata might be readily
mistaken except F, spinife 7 *a. The former species differs from the
latter in the smallness and very much less-developed state of the
canaliculation of its fibres, and in the far greater development of
the minute spinatioii of its skeleton — also in the abundance in the
former species of the rectangulate sexradiate internal defences,
while in the latter they appear to be totally absent.
Farrea robusta. (Plate LXII. figs. 2-G.)
Sponge — form cup-shaped? surface minutely hispid. Oscula and
pores uiiknowm. Dermal membrane thin and pellucid, abundantly
spiculous ; tension-spiciila long and very slender, subclavate, cylin-
drical, very few in number ; retentive spicula simple and contort,
bihamate, small and slender, dispersed, rather numerous, and biden-
tate equianchorate small and few^ in number ; furnished also with
numerous internal defensive spicula of subspiuulate, attenuato-
acuate forms, entirely incipiently spinous, projected at various
angles from the inner surface of the membrane.
Skeleton— fibres very large and strong, cylindrical, sparingly
spinous or aculeated ; aculei short and slender, dispersed ; armed
abundantly with rectangulate sexradiate defensive organs, radii
slender, attenuated, incipiently spinous. Kete more or less quadran-
gular, areas frequently very little more in breadth than the diameters
of the skeleton-fibres. Central canals small.
Colour, in the dried state, dark amber.
Hah. West Indies {Captain Hunter^ i?.W. ?).
Examined in the skeleton state.
I have seen only a single specimen of this remarkable sponge. It
was given, with other specimens, by the late Mr. Henry Deane to my
friend Captain Charles Tyler, who kindly presented it to me for de-
scription and publication. It consists of a thin plate of siliceo-fibrous
1875 .]
SILICEO-FIBROUS SPONGES.
553
structure of an irregular form, of an average diameter of half an inch.
It is constructed of two, and in some parts of three, layers of rete, the
intermediate layer, when present, having its fibres more slender and
more irregularly disposed than the two external ones. The fibres of
the outer structures are remarkably large and strong ; an average-
sized one measured in. in diameter; and the rete is more than
usually close and coni])act ; in many cases the areas do not
exceed in breadth the diameter of the surrounding fibres. The
form of the rete is mostly either square or oblong ; and its strength
is greatly increased by the interior angles being replaced by curves,
so that the areas are to a great extent either circular or oval. The
external layer of tissue is sparingly spinous, and is also furnished
with short and slender aculei, and abundantly with rectaugulate
sexradiate defensive organs, based most frequently on the sides of
the fibres and projected thence into the areas of the network ; and
the aculei are apparently the nascent state of these organs.
There are strong appearances of the specimen having beeu part
of a cup-shaped sponge ; at one portion of it the skeleton-rete is
closely and irregularly as it were crushed together ; from this
part the primary skeleton-fibres radiate in a fan-shaped mode, the
secondary ones assume the state of a series of concentric curves, and
the reticulation increases in regularity of structure as it approaches
what has evidently been the distal portion of the cup-shaped struc-
ture ; and here it is that we find the dermal membrane and its cha-
racteristic spicula in the finest state of preservation.
The dermal membrane is extremely pellucid, and would scarcely
be visible if it were not for the numerous retentive spicula adherent
to its surface.
The bihamate retentive spicula are numerous, uniform in size, and
very slender ; their curves are about three fourths of a circle ; and
they are equably dispersed over the surface of the membrane. They do
not exceed inch in length. The minute bidentate auchorate ones
are very few in number; one of the largest of them measured
inch in length : they vary in their mode of development to some
extent; and occasionally tliere is a third, small tooth, more or less
produced, between the two large lateral ones. The attenuato-subspi-
nulate internal defensive spicula are also very numerous; they
vary somewhat in size, and are entirely incipiently spinous ; one of
the largest measured inch in length ; they are based on the
inner surface of the dermal membrane, and are projected inwards at
various angles, while others are seated on the sides of the dermal
skeleton-rete, and are projected into the areas at various angles.
The whole three forms abound, not only on those parts of the mem-
brane covering the areas of the reticulations of the fibres, but they
also occur on the parts attached to the skeleton-fibres, so that no
part of the dermal membrane is left unprotected.
The central canals of the skeleton-fibres are small ; they vary to
a slight extent in some parts of the rete, and in some of the largest
of the fibres they are entirely obsolete.
The rectaugulate sexradiate organs arc not very numerous near
564 DR. BOWERBANK ON SILIOEO-FIBROUS SPONGES. [NoV. 2,
the external surface of the sponge, but they occur in considerable
numbers on the more deeply situated portions of the skeleton-fibres,
whence they are projected into the areas of the skeleton-rete. They
vary considerably in the amount of their development : some are
comparatively short, and have their lateral radii widely spread ; and
these are abundantly spinous ; while others are taller and have
slender and nearly smooth radii. The dimensions of one of the
stouter forms was inch high, with a lateral spread of inch.
There is no species among those whch are most nearly allied to
the one in course of description with which it is likely to be con-
founded. The robust form of its skeleton, and the peculiarities
of its membranes and its other organs strikingly distinguish the
species.
The abundance and variety of the forms of defensive spicula in
this sponge present a striking evidence of the futility of attempting
to arrange the Spongiadee by the forms of their auxiliary spicula, as
it has been suggested by some imaginative naturalists. Systems
founded on such bases look very learned and imposing upon paper,
but when applied to the accurate discrimination of species they
prove quite inadequate to their proposed purpose.
In such sponges as the one under consideration, which have
exceedingly thin parietes, and but comparatively small portions of
soft tissues, it becomes necessary that those vital parts should be
taken especial care of ; and hence the profusion and variety of these
minute defensive spicula to protect the vital parts, otherwise so
much exposed to the numerous minute predatory creatures that
exist so abundantly around them ; and hence it is that nature has in
each case provided the defences most suitable to the various species,
without reference to any particular type of sponges, and those only
most appropriate to the purpose of the preservation of the mem-
branous and sarcodous organs so essential to the individual’s exist-
ence. In the species in course of description, w^e have not only the
usual rectangulate sexradiate organs of defence common to so
many siliceo-fibrous sponges, but we also have, in addition to them,
those which are so frequently appropriated to Halichondria and
many other genera differing widely in their structures from each
other, to render the preservation of the delicate membranous organs
of this species completely certain. In other species of siliceo-fibrous
spouges of similarly delicate structure we have the floricomo-sexradi-
ate stellate forms, as in Farrea spimdeiita^ which are so plentiful in
several species of Geodia, a genus differing widely in its structural
peculiarities from Farrea and other kindred genera.
A slight doubt exists as to the true locality of this sponge, which
the decease of my late friend Mr. Henry Deane does not allow us to
clear up. When Captain Tyler received the specimen from Mr.
Deane, he received others of a similar description from the coast of
Tripoli; but he is strongly of opinion that this species was among
those that w^ere brought up on the cable by Captain Hunter in lat.
14° 8' N., long. 77° 38' W. from 800 to 1000 fathoms depth.
18 / 5 .] THE SECRETARY ON ADDITIONS TO THE MENAGERIE. 565
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Plate LXI.
Fig. 1 represents a view of a portion of the external surface of the late Mr.
Henry Deane’s specimen of Farrca spmiftra^ X 61 linear.
Fig. 2 represents a portion of the dermal surface of Farrca sjnnulcnta^ with its
numerous quadi'ifurcate spinulo-sexradiate stellate retentive spicula,
X SO linear.
Fig, 3. One of the quadrifurcate spinulo-sexradiate stellate spicula, X 666
linear.
Fig. 4. A sexradiate stellate spiculiim with attenuated radii, from Alcyoncellum
spcciosum^ to compare with those of Farrca spinulenta^ X 666 linear.
Plate LXII.
Fig. 1. A portion of the skeleton-rete of Farrca aeuleata, exhibiting the general
structure of the sponge and the characteristic mode of disposition of
the aculei, X 61 linear.
Fig. 2 represents a portion of the outer or inhalant surface of Farrca robusta^
with the dermal membrane in a fine state of preservation, with its
numerous retentive and defensive spicula in sltu^ X SO linear.
Fig. 3. One of the contort bihamate retentive spicula, X 666 linear.
Fig. 4. One of the minute bidentate equiauchorate retentive spicula, X 66G
linear.
Fig. 5. A fully developed subspinulate attenuato-acuate internal defensive spi-
culum, entirely but incipiently spinous, X 666 linear.
Fig. 6. One of the reetangulate sexradiate internal defensive organs, entirely
but incipiently spinous, based on a portion of the skeleton-fibre, and
projected into one of the areas of the skeleton-rete, X 666.
November 16, 1875.
Dr. Gunther, F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair.
The Secretary read the following report on the additions to the
Society’s Menagerie during the month of October 1875.
The total number of registered additions to the Society’s Mena-
gerie during the month of October was 73, of which 39 were by
presentation, 16 by purchase, 2 by exchange, 5 by birth, and 11
were received on deposit. The total number of departures during
the same period, by death and removals, was 130.
The most noticeable additions during the month of October were
as follows : —
1. A Scolopaceous Courlan {Arainns scolopaceus) from South
America, purchased 6th October, 1875. This bird was iu a very
weak condition when received, and did not live long, but is of inter-
est as being the first example of this aberrant form yet received
alive.
2. A Biuturong, from Malacca, presented by Capt. A. R. Ord,
October 19th. We have likewise now in the Gardens a Grey Bin-
turong {Arctictis albifronSy F. Cuv.) from Borneo, presented by Sir
Harry Ord in 1873; so that we may hope eventually to solve the
question whether this and the Black Biuturong (A. binturong) are
really different species, as considered by F. Cuvier, or mere varieties.
566 EXHIBITION OF BIKDs’ F-GGS FROM N.E. RL’SSIA. [NoV. 16 ,
Mr. Sclater exhibited the upper horn of a two-horned Rhinoceros
that had been shot in March last by Lient.-Col. C. Napier Sturt,
F.Z.S. in the valley of the Brahmapootra, about 40 or 50 miles
north-east of Dohbree, when in company with Mr. Archibald
Campbell, Deputy-Commissioner of Dohbree, and Mr. Williamson,
Governor of the Towra Hills. The place where the Rhinoceros was
found was near the gorge where the Sunkos river issues from the
Bhotan range, and is actually within the old boundary ol Bhotau.
Mr. Sclater remarked that this seemed to prove conclusively the
existence of a two-horned species of Rhiuoceros in Assam, which
would probably turn out to be the same as that from Chittagong,
now' living in the Society’s Gardens.
Mr. Sclater read an extract of a letter addressed to him by M. le
Dr. N. Funck, Director of the Zoological Garden, Cologne. Dr.
Funck stated that t!ie bird figured in Mr. Sclater’s article on the
Curassows, recently published in the Society’s ‘Transactions’ (vol.
ix. pi. 53) as Pauxis galeata, var. rubra, was the true female of P.
galeata. Dr. Funck had traversed the district inhabited by this
species from Puerto Cabcllo in Venezuela, to Valencia and Truxillo*,
and had killed upwards of 50 individuals ; amongst these were many
females, shot at the side of the males, coloured exactly as the above-
mentioned figure.
Under these circumstances, Mr. Sclater was now inclined to believe
that the case of the female resembling the male in plumage, of which
two instances were given in the article above mentioned, was abnor-
mal, corresponding to that known to occur occasionally in the females
of other birds.
Mr. Seebohm, F.Z.S. , exhibited a series of rare and interesting
birds and eggs from the tundras and deltas of the Petchora river,
North-Eastern Russia, collected there by Mr. J. A. Harvie-Brown
and himself during the present year. The following were the chief
objects : — Tlie eggs and young in down of the Grey Plover (Squa-
tarola helvetica) ; the nest, eggs, and young in down of the Little
Stint {Tringa minnta) ; the eggs of Bewick’s Swan {Cggmts be-
wic/cii) ; skins, nest, and eggs of P/iglloscopus tristis (new fo the
European fauna) ; skins, nest, and eggs of a new species of Anthus,
which Mr. Dresser has named A. seebohmi, after its discoverer;
skins, nest, and eggs of theYellow-headed Wagtail {Motacilla citrc-
ola) ; skins of Parus kamsckatkensis ; skins of a Herring-Gull, dif-
fering specifically from Larus argentatns and Z. leucophceus, and
probably identical with Larus cachinna7is of Pallas.
Eggs and down of ten species of Ducks, including the Smew
(Mergus albellas), obtained in the valley of the Petchora were like-
wise exhibited.
* Dr. Funck states that Pauxis galeata is abundant in the forests from San
Eetevan (one league from Puerto Cabello) up to the Cumbre of Valencia, t. e.
from lOUO to 30(H) feet in altitude, and likewise in the mountains of Jvoigun and
Montalban in the same province.
!
P.Z S 1875.Pi,LXIIL
jfMt.
VH.Ford
Mintem Bi*os •. 'TIT'
A ANSONIA ORNATA. B POLYPEDATES BEDDOWn C IXALUS DIPLOSTICTUS
P Z S 1875 Pl.LXPZ
Ford
'.liiiie'n'i imp
A BUFO HOLULIIJS B CALLULA OL.IVACEA
C, PEDOSTIBEB TUBERi ' [JLOSDS
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P Z - S.1875.P1.LXV1.
A.IXALUS MONTAWJS B.IXALUS CHALAZODES, C.IXALUS STICTOMERUS.
1875 .]
DR. A. GtNTHRR ON INDIAN REPTILES.
567
Mr. A. H. Garrod read a paper on the structure of the Manatee
{Ma7iatus americanus^ lately living in the Society's Gardens. Mr.
Garrod drew attention to a peculiarity in the mechanism of the
upper lip, by which that structure is capable, through the combined
transverse movements of the lateral pads which compose it, of em-
ploying tlie lips as an independent prehensile organ. The size of the
blood-disks was also given, together with drawings of the external
and internal conformation of the brain.
This paper will he printed in the Society’s Transactions.
The following papers were read: —
1. Third Report on Collections of Indian Reptiles obtained
by the British IMiiseum. Dr. Albert Gunther,
V.P.R.S., V.P.Z.S.
[Eeceived October 19, 1875.]
(Plates LXIII.-LXVI.)
In my second Report (see above, p. 224) I have treated of Lizards
and Snakes collected by Lieut. -Col. Beddome and the late Mr.
Jerdon, Tlie present paper is a continuation of the account of these
collections, and treats of the Batrachians.
Rana gracilis (Wiegni.).
I consider liana agricola (Jerd.) and Rana nilgirica (Jerd.)
varieties of this species, which is remarkable for the amount of
variation in the length of the limbs and toes.
Rana tigrina (Baud.).
A specimen named by Mr. Jerdon, and representing his Rana
crassa^^ belongs to this species.
Rana liebigii (Gthr.).
I regard Rana sikkimensu (Jerd.) as not specifically distinct from
Rana liebigii,
%
Rana verrucosa, sp. n.
Snout of moderate length, somewhat pointed, with indistinct
canthus rostralis ; tympanum rather small, smaller than the eye.
Inner nares not quite so wide as the Eustachian tubes. Vomerine
teeth in two oblique series, each commencing from the front margin
of the inner nostril. Upper parts covered with numerous larger
and smaller w'arts, tubercles, and short folds. ‘ Limbs well developed,
the distance between vent and heel being equal to the length of the
l)ody. Tips of the fingers and toes scarcely swollen ; the fourth
toe one third longer than the fifth. Toes completely webbed ; but
the web does not extend to the extremity of the fourth toe. Meta-
tarsus w'ith an elongate inner and a minute outer tubercle.
568
DR. A. GUNTHER ON INDIAN REPTILES.
[Nov. 16,
Brownish, marbled with darker, sometimes with a broad yellow
vertebral band. Limbs with cross bars ; hinder part of the thighs
black, with white vermiculated lines and spots. Lower parts whitish,
throat sometimes marbled with brown.
Several specimens were collected by Lieut. -Col. Beddome in
Malabar. The body of the largest is 60 millims. long ; length of
hind limb 103 millims.
BaNA PYGMiEA, Sp. D.
Similar in habit to a young Rana huhlii. Head much depressed,
with very short, rounded snout ; canthus rostralis absent ; eyes
prominent, obliquely directed forwards. Skin smooth, with a few
irregular folds behind the head. Tympanum hidden ; inner nares
and Eustachian tubes small. Vomerine teeth in two short groups
close together, behind the inner nostrils. Limbs short ; fingers and
toes short, the latter half-webbed. One metatarsal tubercle.
Upper parts nearly uniformly black or blackish browm, the lower
dull yellow..
A minute species, the body of an adult female with mature ova in
the oviduct being only 25 millims. long; length of hind limb 31
millims.
Several specimens were collected by Lieut. *Col. Beddome in
Malabar.
Bana hexadactyla (Less.),
The specimens named Rana mttata by Lieut.-Col. Beddome are
the young of this species. Three other young specimens were pre-
sented to the Museum by Mr, Jerdon under the name o( Ptjxi-
c/plialus pluvialisy Jerd,”
Xenophrys monticola (Gthr.).
XenojjJirys gigas, Jerd.,” is the adult of this species.
Diplopelma.
In Mr. Jerdon’s collection there are specimens which he has iden-
tified with the two species formerly named by him Engystoma
rubrum ’’ and Engystoma carnaticumP Those to which he has
applied the former name are, in my opinion, the same as D. orna-
turn (D. and B., Gthr.). The others, four in number, are from
Assam ; and two of them I am inclined to refer likewise to I), orna-
tum, whilst the other two are identical with D, pulchrum (Hallow.).
Nannophrys ceylonensis (Gthr.).
Trachyceplialus ceylanicuSy Ferguson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
1875, vol. XV., is identical with this species.
Ansonia ornata, sp. n. (Plate LXIII. fig. A.)
Anterior half of the back finely tubercular, the remainder smooth.
Tympanum very distinct, about half the size of the eye. Fingers
free, the first much shorter than the second. Toes short, broadly
1875.]
DR. A. GUNTHER ON INDIAN REPTILES.
569
webbed ; two small metatarsal tubercles, no tarsal fold. Black ;
upper side of the head generally grey or with some greyish spots.
Throat, abdomen, and the lower side of the legs with large bright
yellow spots.
Several specimens were obtained by Lieut. -Col. Beddome from
the Brumaglierries.
millim.
Lengtli of body 30
,, hind limb 44
„ tarsus 8
„ fourth toe 12
Buro BEDDOMII, sp. U.
Crown broad, flat, without bony enlargement. Snout short, pro-
jecting, with well marked canthns rostralis. Limbs of moderate
length. The first and fourth fingers a little longer than the secoud.
Toes broadly webbed. Metatarsus with two small callosities; no
fold along the tarsus. All the upper parts covered with rough
tubercles ; parotoid ovate ; about twice as long as broad. Tympa-
num very small ; Eustachian tubes much narrower than choanae.
Above dark brown, with some indistinct black spots ; the two inner
fingers and the three inner toes whitish above. Lower parts whitish,
densely marbled with black.
One specimen was obtained by Col. Beddome in Malabar ; it is 43
millims. long; hind limb Cl millims.
Bofo hololius, sp. n. (Plate LXIV. fig. A.)
Crown broad, flat, without bony enlargement. Snout short, de-
pressed, projecting, with well marked canthus rostralis. Limbs and
fingers rather short ; the fourth finger a little longer than tlie
second. Toes short, webbed at the base only. Metatarsus with
two small callosities ; no fold along the edge of the tarsus. Back
Avith very flat, smooth, small glandular patches ; also the parotoid
is flat, scarcely raised above the level of the smooth skin. T)’^mpa-
num perfectly circular, very distinct, not much smaller than the
eye. Inner uares and Eustachian tubes narrow. Upper parts olive-
coloured, marbled with brown ; lower parts whitish.
One specimen was found by Col. Beddome in Malabar ; it is 38
millims. long; hind limb 45 millims.
Hylorana temporalis (Gthr.).
Specimens collected by Col. Beddome in the Anamallays, and de-
termined as Hylorana Jlavescens^' by Mr. Jerdon in 1870, prove
to differ from H. temporalis only by having the brown tenipoial
band extended on to the sides of the body. There is no evidence
whatever that this is the frog with the yellow sides ’’ named
Rana Jlavescens^' by Mr. Jerdon in 1854.
PoLYPEDATES CHLORONOTUS, Sp. 11. (Plate LXV. fig. A.)
In habit somewhat resembling a Hylorana.
570
DR. A. G1':NTHER on INDIAN REPTILES.
[Nov. 16,
Snout of moderate length, somewhat pointed, with distinct can-
thus rostralis, and vertical, concave loreal region. Eye large,
Tvmpannm one third the size of the eye in females, but larger in
males. Limbs strong; disks well developed, those of the fingers
rather larger than those of the toes. Fingers not webbed, the first
rather longer than the second, and equal in length to the fourth,
the third being the longest. Toes completely webbed; a single
elongate metatarsal tubercle. Skin quite smooth, not adherent to
the surface of the head ; no indication of a curved osseous crest.
Choanse and Eustachian tubes of moderate width ; vomerine teeth
in two oblique series between the choanae. Tongue without free
papilla. ^lale with an external vocal sac behind each angle of the
month. Upper surface of the head and back green (sometimes with
some irregular black spots) ; sides of the head and body and the
limbs dark brown, this colour being sharply defined towards the
green of the back ; lower parts whitish, with the throat and chest
brownish. A white line along the upper lip towards the axil.
Loins and hind part of the thighs marbled with whitish. Legs
with dark cross bars above.
Male.
Female.
millim.
millim.
Length of bodv
93
,, hind limb
93
175
,, tarsus
15
28
„ fourth toe
27
50
Several specimens were brought by Mr. Jerdon from Darjeeling.
This is the frog mentioned by Mr. Jerdon (Proc. As. Soc. 1870,
p. 83) and described by Dr. Anderson (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 208)
as Polypedates smaragdinus oi Blyth ; but there is no evidence what-
ever that Blyth had this species before him ; he merely says ( Journ.As.
Soc. Beng. x.\i.p. 3,55): — A tree-frog from the Naga hills, Assam
(P. smaragdinifSy nobis). Length of the body 3^ inches, hind limb
5^ inches. Mholly green above, changing in spirit to livid blue,
underparts white.’’ This vague diagnosis may apply to very different
species, and certainly better to some than to the present frog from
Darjeeling.
Polypedates formosus, sp. n, (Plate LXY, fig. B.)
Habit similar to that of P. afgliana.
Snout flat, short, rounded, with distinct canthus rostralis. Loreal
region subvertical, with a very slight impression. Eye of moderate
size i tympanum very small, only as large as the disk of the third
finger. Limbs slender: fingers exceedingly long: the second
longer than the first, but shorter than the fourth, the third exceed-
ing the others in length ; fingers not webbed, with large disks,
larger than those of the toes. Toes fully webbed ; metatarsal tuber-
cle indistinct. Skin quite smooth. Choanae and Eustachian tubes
narrow ; vomerine teeth in two very short groups between the
choanae. Tongue without free papilla. Upper parts green, mar-
1875.]
dr. a. G&NTHER on INDIAN REPTILES. 5/1
bled with black, the black spots enclosing a number of small whitish
clots. Legs and toes with black white-dotted cross bars. Lower
parts light greenish, irregularly marbled with brown.
Length of body g4
M third finger 21
>> hind limb j J5
,, tarsus \g
» fourth toe Q 7
One specimen from Khassya in Mr. Jerdon’s collection.
POLYPEDATES JERDONII, Sp. II.
Snont broad, depressed, extremely short and obtuse, with indi-
stinct canthus rostralis, and flat, slanting loreal region. E^^e of
moderate size ; tympanum very small, much smaller than one of the
digital disks. Limbs of moderate length; disks large, nearly equally
large on the fingers and toes. Fingers conspicuously webbed at the
base : second and fourth equal in length, a little longer than the
first, and shorter than the third. Toes two thirds webbed ; one
ovate metatarsal tubercle. Skin nearly smooth above, granular
below. Choanae and Eustachian tubes narrow; vomerine teeth in
two oblique series between the choanse. No free papilla on the
tongue Ujiper parts brownish grey ; forehead and an irregular
broad band on each side whitish. Whitish below, throat with some
brownish spots ; anterior and posterior sides of the femur nearly
colourless. Dark bars across the legs irregular and sometimes con-
fluent.
Length of body 4;^
,, hind limb gg
,, tarsus 11
,, fourth toe 22
Two specimens from Darjeeling, in Mr. Jerdon’s collection.
PoLYPEDATES BEDDOMTI, Sp. U. (Plate LXIII. fig. B.)
Habit similar to that of P. maculatus.
Snout flat, moderately long, rather obtuse, with distinct canthus
rostralis. Loreal region flat, slanting. Eye rather large ; tympa-
num at least half as large as the e3’e. Limbs strong and "rather
long; second finger rather shorter than first, which nearly equals
the fourth ; third longest of all. Fingers without any web, but
with the disks well developed. Toes two thirds webbed, the
cutaneous fold reaching to the disks, except in the fourth toe, in
which it extends to the antepenultimate joint only. Metatarsus
with an indistinct, elongate tubercle. Skin of the back with short
longitudinal folds ; a glandular curved fold from behind the orbit
above the tympanum, to the armpit. Choanse and Eustachian tubes
rather small ; vomerine teeth in two short, scarcely oblique series,
between the choanae. A long, free, pointed, conical papilla on the
5/2 DR. A. GUNTHER ON INDIAN REPTILES. [NoV. 16,
middle of the tongue*. Upper parts light brownish olive, or pinkish,
with some very obscure spots ; a dark cross band between the eyes ;
a black band along the canthus rostralis, widening behind the eye,
so as to cover the whole tympanum ; legs obscurely barred ; anterior
and posterior sides of the thighs finely mottled with black.
Spec. A.
Spec. B.
millim.
millim.
Length of body
4.5
,, hind limb
115
85
,, tarsus
11
13
„ fourth toe
30
24
Lieut.-Col. Beddome has collected specimens of this frog in
Malabar and Travancore, in the Anamallays, and at Sevagherry.
POLYPEDATES BRACHYTARSUS, Sp. n.
Closely allied to P. beddomii, but with a much shorter tarsus.
Snout flat, somewhat pointed, with indistinct canthus rostralis ;
loreal region flat, slanting. Eye rather large ; tympanum not quite
half as large as the eye. Limbs of moderate length. Fingers with-
out any web, and with moderately developed disks ; the first, second,
and fourth nearly equal in length, the third being the longest.
Toes two thirds webbed, the cutaneous fold reaching to the disks,
except in the fourth toe, in which it extends to the antepenultimate
joint only. Metatarsus with a small indistinct tubercle. Skin of
the back with short longitudinal folds; a glandular curved fold
from behind the orbit, above the tympanum, to the armpit.
Choanse and Eustachian tubes of moderate size ; vomerine teeth in
two short oblique series. A free, pointed papilla in the middle of
the tongue. Upper parts brown, mottled with darker; abroad,
whitish, well-defined longitudinal band along the middle of the back
to the end of the snout ; an interocular brown band slightly en-
croaches upon the white band. Upper sides of the legs barred as
usual ; anterior and posterior sides of the thighs finely mottled with
brown.
Spec. A.
Spec. B.
millim.
millim.
Length of body
55
38
„ hind limb
99
58
„ tarsus
15
10
,, fourth toe
26
17
Two specimens from Lieut. -Col. Beddome’s collection — one from
the Anamallays, the other from Sevagherry.
POLYPEDATES BRE VIPALMATUS, Sp. 11.
Habit similar to that of P, maciilatus.
Snout short, flat, obtuse, with indistinct canthus rostralis ; loreal
* I do not find that the presence of this papilla has been noticed before,
although it is present in some of the other species of Poli^ppdafes and Lralus ;
it is absent in P. macuJatus. I do not know its function.
18/5. J DR. A. GOnTHER on INDIAN REPTILES. 573
region flat, slanting. Eye of moderate size ; t^^panuin about one
third the size of the eye. Limbs of moderate length ; disks rather
small. Fingers without any web ; the second ratlier longer than
the first, and equal to the fourth, the third being the longest. Toes
long, with a very short web. Metatarsal tubercle elongate. Skin
of the back more or less tubercular, or nearly smooth. Choauoe
and Eustachian tubes rather narrow ; vomerine teeth in two very
short series between the choanae. A free, pointed papilla in the .
middle of the tongue. Upper parts brownish olive, mottled with
brown; a dark interocular cross band; legs barred as usual.
Lower parts more or less marbled with brown, sometimes brown
with white dots, sometimes uniform wdiitish ; anterior and posterior
sides of the thighs mottled with brown.
Spec. A.
Spec. B.
millim.
millim.
Length of body
44
34
„ hind limb
86
64
,, tarsus
14
11
„ fourth toe
25
19
Several specimens were collected by Lieut. -Col. Beddome in Mala-
bar, and one in the Anamallays.
IXALUS VARTABILTS (Gthr.).
This species is not confined to Ceylon, but occurs in various parts
of Southern India ; it is common at Pycara. The variations of
colour are endless, and frequently render the determination a task
all the more difficult, as some of them approach closely the distribu-
tion of colours in other species. There are specimens with sub-
crescentic brown bands on the back as in Polypedates microtympa-
num ; others have round, milk-white spots about the lips, or on the
sides, or all over the back. One variety has the back of a nearly
uniform chocolate-brown, and a light-coloured band along each side.
A whitish line along the canthus rostralis and superciliary margin
is very frequent.
It is possible that the specimens which Mr. Jerdon noticed as
Phyllomedusai^) wynnadensis belonged to this species. But in a
genus in which the distinction of closely allied species is most diffi-
cult for the zoologist with the specimens before him, it is impossible
to say to which of them a short, insufficient note, penned 25 years
ago, refers.
IxALUS GLANDULOSUS (Jerd.).
The specimens we have received from Mr. Theobald of this spe-
cies were identified by him as the Ixalus (?) glandulosa of Jerdon —
and, as I think, very properly, the sides of the specimens being
largely glandular. On the other hand. Col. Beddome has collected
specimens of the same species, which were determined by Mr. Jer-
don himself as his Phyllomedusa (?) tinniens. It will be difficult to
decide from the original notes with which these names are accompa-
^74 DR. A. Gt^NTHER ON INDIAN REPTILES. [NoV. 16,
nied which of the two names ought to be applied, or whether they
are synonyms.
IxALus iMONTANUs, sp. n. (Plate LXVI. fig. A.)
Snout short, as long as the eye, obtusely rounded in front, with
distinct canthus rostralis. Tongue with a free, pointed papilla in
the anterior part of the median line. Tympanum hidden below the
skin. Skin nearly smooth, only in adult examples with some indi-
stinct tubercles. The length of the body is more than the distance
between vent and heel. No fold along the tarsus ; metatarsus with
a small, indistinct tubercle ; fingers quite free ; toes with a very
short web ; disks of moderate size. Old examples are nearly en-
tirely of a dark purplish brown above, with scarcely any markings,
the posterior side of the femur being marbled with black. Other
specimens are of a lighter colour, with more or less symmetrical
brown markings, the forehead being light-coloured. Abdomen
sometimes uniform whitish, sometimes more or less reticulated with
black.
Lieut.-Col. Beddome obtained this species on the Kndra Alukh,
at an elevation of 6000 feet. One of the largest specimens is 38
millims, long, the length of the hind limb being 55 millims.
IxALUs DiPLosTiCTUs, sp. u. (Plate LXIII. fig. C.)
Snout of moderate length, rather pointed, with distinct canthus
rostralis. Tongue with a free, pointed papilla in the anterior part
of the median line. Tympanum distinct, not quite half the size of
the eye. Skin of the back with some longitudinal folds. The
length of the body equals the distance between vent and heel. A
cutaneous fold along the tarsus, commencing from the single meta-
tarsal tubercle; fingers quite free; toes slender, with a very short
web. Disks small. Pinkish olive-coloured, with a black line along
the canthus rostralis, broader behind the eye, and continued over
the tympanum. Symmetrical black spots on the sides — one in front
of the axil, another on the middle of the side of the trunk, a third
above the loin ; one or tlie other of these spots may be absent.
Legs with dark cross bars ; anal region and soles of the feet black.
Abdomen light-coloured; throat sometimes mottled with brown.
Several specimens were collected by Lieut.-Col. Beddome in
Malabar. One of the largest is 27 millims. long, the length of the
hind limb being 46 millims.
IxALus CHALAZODES, sp. H. (Plate LXVI. fig. B.)
Snout short, as long as the eye, obtusely rounded in front, with
indistinct canthus rostralis. Tongue with a free, pointed papilla in
the anterior part of the median line. Tympanum covered by the
skin. Skin smooth ; but in the inguinal region there are several series
of white, smooth tubercles ; several smaller similar tubercles in the
anal region and along the tarsus ; the length of the body is equal to
the distance hetw^een vent and heel ; no fold along the tarsus ; meta-
tarsus with a small indistinct tubercle; fingers quite free; toes half-
18 / 0 .] DR. A. OiJNTHER OX INDIAN REPTILES. 573
webbed; disks large. Upper parts uniform greenish, the tubercles
mentioned showing like white dots. Lower parts yellowish white.
The anterior and posterior sides of the femur yellow, slightly mar-
bled with green.
One adult female was obtained by Lieut. -Col. Beddome from
Travancore ; it is 26 millims, long, the length of the hind limb being
42 millims.
IXALUS JERDONII, Sp. 11.
Snout very short, somewhat pointed, with distinct canthus rostra-
lis. Tongue with a free pointed papilla in the anterior part of the
median line. Tympauum extremely small, but distinct. Skin
smooth. The length of the body is rather more than the distance
between vent and heel. No fold along the tarsus ; metatarsal
tubercle small, indistinct ; fingers with a rudimentary web ; toes
short, half-w^ebbed. Disks moderately developed. Reddish olive,
w’ith indistinct darker markings on the back. Femur colourless in
front and behind. Lower parts whitish. Length of body 43 mil-
lims., of hind limb 63 millims.
A single specimen from Jerdou’s collection ; on the bottle it was
marked as coming from Darjeeling ; but it is possible that this is the
same specimen mentioned by Jerdon as having been found by him
‘Mn the Khasis,’’ Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 18/0, p. 85.
IXALUS BEDDOMII, Sp. 11.
Allied to Ixalas femoralis and /. pulchellusy but with a distinct
canthus rostralis. Snout short, as long as the eye, obtusely rounded
in front. Tongue without free pointed papilla in the middle.
Tympannm very small, covered by the skin. Skin on the back
smooth. The length of the body is nearly equal to the distance be-
tween vent and metatarsal joint. No fold along the tarsus ; meta-
tarsus with a small indistinct tubercle ; fingers quite free ; web be-
tween the toes very short ; disks well developed. Upper parts uni-
form green, the lower whitish. The anterior and posterior sides of
the femur are perfectly colourless ; and only a narrow stripe along
its upper side is green.
Several specimens, collected by Lieut. -Col. Beddome in Malabar,
are 23 millims. long, the length of the hind limb being 35 millims.
IxALus STiCTOMKRUS, sp. 11. (Plate LXVI. fig. C.)
Snout of moderate length, rather pointed, with distinct cauthus
rostralis. Tongue without free pointed papilla in the middle.
Tympanum very small, distinct. Skin smooth. The length of the
body is less than the distance betw^een vent and metatarsal tubercle ;
a cutaneous fold along the tarsus, commencing from the single small
metatarsal tubercle ; fingers with rudimentary web; toes of moderate
length, half-webbed. Disks moderately developed. Olive-coloured,
with indistinct symmetrical markings on the back, an interocular
cross bar being darkest. A dark streak along the canthus rostralis is
continued over the tympanum. Femur with three very indistinct
Proc. Zool, Soc. — 1875, No, XXXVIL 37
5/C DR. A. GUNTHER ON INDIAN REPTILES. [NoV. I(i,
cross bars above, its anterior and posterior sides being blackish mi-
nutely marbled with white. Lower parts whitish.
A single specimen was obtained by Lieut.-Col. Beddome in Ceylon ;
it is 34 millims. long, the length of the hind leg being 48 milliras.
Hyla annectens.
The frog mentioned by Mr. Jerdon as Polypedates annectens
proves to be a species of Hyla closely allied to H. chinensis.
Callula triangularis, sp. n.
Closely allied to C. obscwa.
Back nearly smooth, with some flat tubercles in the middle. Fingers
quite free, with the extremities truncated ; toes free, of moderate
length, not dilated at the ends. Tarsus without fold ; metatarsus
with two small tubercles. Olive-coloured above, with a large tri-
angular black spot occupying nearly the whole length of the
back, commencing from the occiput. Sides of the head and body,
legs, and lower parts black, with olive-coloured spots.
Several specimens were obtained by Lieut.-Col. Beddome in Mala-
bar. The largest are only 31 millims. long, the length of the hind
limb being 40 millims. and of the free part of the fourth toe 8 mil-
lims.
Callula olivacea, sp. n. (Plate LXIV. fig. B.)
Snout short, not very obtuse. Skin of the back nearly smooth,
with scarcely any tubercles. Limbs of moderate length. Fingers
long, quite free, with broad, truncated disks. Toes with a rudimen-
tary web only, and not dilated at the ends. Tarsus without fold ;
metatarsal tubercles two, small. Olive-coloured above, marbled
with black ; lower parts white.
millim.
Length of body 27
„ third finger 4'5
„ hind limb 33
,, tarsus 6
fourth toe 10
Two specimens were found by Lieut.-Col. Beddome on the Yella-
gherry hills at an altitude of about 2000 feet.
Pedostibes, g. n.
Differing from Callula in its physiognomy and habit, which re-
semble that of Bttfo. Palate concave, without any transverse
ridges.
Pedostibes tuberculosus, sp. n. (Plate LXIV. fig. C.)
Body rather narrow and slender ; head flat above, with short,
pointed snout, distinct canthus rostralis, and perpeiidicular loreal
region. Tongue narrow. Choanae narrow ; Eustachian tubes very
narrow. Eye rather large. Tympanum extremely small, but di-
stinct. Legs rather slender. Fingers dilated, distinctly webbed at
DR. A. GUNTHER ON INDIAN REPTILES.
5/7
1875.]
the base, with broad, truncated disks : the first very short, the
second nearly twice as long, the fourth longer than the second, and
the third the longest. A broad metacarpal tubercle. Toes rather
short, broadly webbed, with truncated ends. Two small metatar-
sal tubercles ; no tarsal fold. Skin of the upper parts tubercular,
the largest tubercles being arranged along each side of the back ;
the upper surface of the head nearly smooth. Brownish grey, sides
darker. A white band from below the eye to the axil ; another
white longitudinal band in the lumbar region. Lower parts whitish,
spotted with black.
millini.
Length of body 35
„ hind limb 48
„ tarsus 8
„ fourth toe 13
Two specimens from Malabar {Lieut. -CoL Beddome).
Gegenes (g. n. Cceciliid.).
Allied to Epicrium, but with the labial groove advanced to the
front margin of the mouth, and very indistinct annular folds of the
skin. Eyes not visible.
Gegenes carnosus.
Epierium carnosum, Beddome, Madr. Month. Journ. Med, Sc.
1870, p. 1 76.
Head depressed, of moderate width ; body slender, cylindrical ;
tail extremely short, obtuse. Eyes not visible ; mouth narrow, the
labial grooves, or rather pores, are on a level with the front teeth,
the nostrils close to the extremity of the snout. Upper jaw pro-
jecting beyond the lower. The skin of the body forms about 116
folds between the head and end of the tail ; they are all indistinct,
and quite obsolete on the back, only the hindmost being perfectly
annular. Colour uniform brownish olive.
Two specimens, 7 inches long, were obtained by Lieut.-CoL Bed-
dome from Periah Peak, Wynaad, at an altitude of about 5000
feet.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES LXITI.-LXYI.
Plate LXIII.
Fig. A. Amonia ornafa, p, 508. I Fig. C. Imlus diplost ictus, p. 574.
B, Folypedates heddo77iU, p. .571. |
Plate LXIV.
Fig. A. Bufo hololms, p. 509. I Fig. C. Fedosfihes tuhercido^us, p. 570.
B. Callula olivncea, p. 570. |
Plate LXV.
Fig. A, Folypedate^chloronotn^^^.fs^^. | Fig, B. Folypedafes for77io$us^
Plate LXYI.
Fig. C. Lcalus sticfonm'us, p, 575.
Fig. A. Ixalus 7no7itamiSy p. 574.
B. ehalazodes, p. 574.
0/8
MR. E. P. RAMSAY ON
[Nov. 16 ,
2. List of Birds met with in North-eastern Queensland, chiefly
at Kockingham Bay. By E. Pierson Ramsay", F.L.S. &c.
[Eeceived August 24, 1875.]
1. Aouila audax*.
Scarce Dear the coast, but plentiful over the coast-range on the
tablelands.
2. Hieraetus morphnoides.
This rare and interesting species is by no means easily obtained; a
few specimens have visited the coast-range near the heads of the
Herbert river, and on the tablelands. Mr. J. B. White procured
several fine specimens of both sexes at Springsure and on the Barkoo
river ; and it is also found about 100 miles inland from Rockhampton.
The sexes differ considerably in size ; and individuals of both sexes vary
in the colour and intensity of the plumage, some being of a rich dark
rufous or rusty brown, others light buft’ (almost white) on the abdo-
men, pale rusty brown on sides of chest and flanks, a stripe of black-
ish brown down centre of each feather ; the sexes and individuals of
the same sex also differ greatly in size. A small male in the Dobroyde
Collection measures : — total length 16*5 inches; bill, from forehead,
along the cnlmen, 1*4, from cere, along culmen, 1*2, from cere to tip
I’l ; wing 13, tail 7*8, tarsus 2*3. A female in the Australian Mu-
seum, total length 22 inches, wing 15*85, tail 9*8, bill 1*4, cnlmen
I *7, tarsus 2*8.
3. POLIOAETUS LEUCOGASTER.
Plentiful everywhere along the coast. I have noticed them seize
Plover and Porphyrio as they rose from the swamps.
4. Haliastur leucosternus.
Very common all along the coast, they venture as far south as the
Clarence river, where they are considered rare, and extend northwards
to Cape York and coast of New Guinea. Eggs 2 in number, dirty
white, sparingly blotched with reddish brown, length 2*1 by 1*65 inch.
5. Haliastur sphenurus.
A species with great range of habitat ; it frequently ascends river-
districts into the interior, and it is to be found on many of the lakes
inland.
6. Pandion leucocephalus.
By no means rare, but not often procurable ; it ranges as far south
as the Clarence river. I have specimens of the eggs of this species
taken from a nest of sticks built in a Eucalyptus overhanging the Bris-
bane river ; they are 2 in number, 2*5 inches long by 1*65 in breadth,
of a dirty white, strongly blotched with deep rust-red spots and
markings, with a few blotches of slaty blue — a very handsome egg.
Where no references are given, tlie names are taken from Gould’s ‘ Hand-
book.*
1875.J
BIRDS FROM aUEENSLAND.
0/9
7. Falco hypoleucus.
This exceedingly scarce bird was met with bj Inspector Robert
Johnstone, Esq., of the Herbert river, on the tablelands due west
of Cardwell, and on the ranges thereabouts; J. B. White, Esq., of
Springsnre, due west inland from Rockhampton, likewise noticed it,
and was fortunate enough to obtain several specimens. The young
differ slightly from the adults, and, like others of the tribe, are occa-
sionally mottled with brown on leaving (he nest.
8. Falco lunulatus.
One female, shot on Herbert river, belongs to the large light-
coloured variety of this species.
9. Falco subniger.
I am indebted to J. B. White, Esq., of Springsure, for much in-
formation respecting our Australian Falconidae and for a specimen of
the present species, procured by that gentleman in the Barkoo district.
Mr. R. Johnstone also noticed it on the tablelands inland, about 40
miles from Cardwell, and on the Sea-view range.
10. LeUCOSPIZA NOViE-HOLLANDIiE.
Not a common species; only two or three specimens obtained; they
are larger than our New-South-Wales birds, and barred with longi-
tudinal blotches of dull brown on the breast and flanks; the backs of
all were brown. Sex uncertain. No purely white birds seen.
11. AsTUR APPROXIMANS.
Adults and young obtained. This species seems more plentiful
than the Accipiter,
12. Accipiter torquattjs.
Several observed on the margins of the scrubs; only one shot (male).
13. Elanus axillaris.
Apparently scarce ; only shot one specimen.
14. Milvus isxjrus.
I met with this rare species only on one occasion ; there is a fine
specimen in the Australian Museum, shot by Mr. Masters on the
Burnet river, Queensland.
15. Milvus affinis.
Common everywhere at times, and Ibuud chiefly on the open
grass-lands in the neighbourhood of the Herbert and Mackay rivers.
16. Baza subcristata.
Usually found in pairs about the margins of the scrubs and bushes.
It is a harmless, inoffensive species, feeding chiefly on insects and their
larvae, or occasionally on dead animals.
580
MR. K. F, RAMSAY ON
[Nov. 16,
17. Circus assimilis.
Occasionally met with on the open grass-lands of the Herbert
river. Mr. White obtained five examples inland from Rockhampton,
at Springsure, and on the Barkoo river.
18. Circus gouldi.
Plentiful enough at times ; they often assemble in small flocks, and
may be seen skimming over the open grass-beds and seizing the Quail
and other small birds as they rise. If no Hawks are to be seen, a
goodmethod to obtain specimens is to set fire to the grass, when several
species will soon arrive, and some may be seen dashing almost into the
flames after the birds as they rise.
19. StRIX TENKBRICOSA.
Very rare ; only one specimen, obtained in the bushes near Dai-
ry mple^s Gap.
20. StRIX NOViE-HOLLANDI^.
This species is now plentiful in the bushes of the coast-range. I
noticed in Mr. J. B. White’s collection, obtained at Springsure, a very
dark-faced variety ; the facial disk was of a deep chestnut ; another shot
at Dalrymple’s Gap on the coast^range has the disk almost white,
and large spots on the under surface. It is a very variable species.
21 • Strix delicatula.
I examined one specimen shot near the township of Cardwell ; it
does not appear to differ from the usual New-South-Wales form of
this species.
22. Spiloglaux boobook.
One specimen, shot by my collector near Cardwell, is slightly
larger than the ordinary birds of the same species found in New South
Wales. Colouring the same.
23. Hieracoglaux connivens.
This species seems to be more plentiful than Spiloglaux boobook ;
neither are they by any means rare.
24. PODARGUS, sp.
I have again to observe that two species, quite distinct from one
another in the form of the bill as well as in colour, have been procured ;
these are also distinct from those obtained by my late collector, Spald-
ing, in the same district several years ago. The species of this
genus are in such glorious confusion that it is almost impossible to
recognize any of them from bare descriptions.
The two I have lately acquired are certainly distinct from any
figured in Mr. Gould’s work on the Birds of Australia.
25. PoDARGUS PAPUENSIS.
Very scarce ; one sjiecimen is slightly smaller than those I have
obtained from Cape York.
581
18 / 5 .] BIRDS FROM QUEENSLAND.
26. PODARGUS PHAL^NOIDES.
One specimen only procured ; it is looked on as a Tery rare bird at
Cardwell.
27. PODARGUS MARMORATUS.
One specimen only shot, at Salt-water Creek, near Cardwell.
28. Eurostopodus guttatus.
Plentiful at times ; several specimens were obtained. They fly
low over the clearings and grassy flats for about an hour at dusk.
Its single egg is laid on the ground without any preparation for it,
usually near some stone or stump on the side of a stony ridge; the
ground-colour is of light-greenish, creamy white, sparingly marked
all over with dots and oval spots of blackish and slaty brown, a few
appearing as if beneath the surface of the shell. Length 1*38 by 1
inch in breadth, both ends nearly equal.
29. Eurostopodus albogularis.
I shot several of this species on the Mary river, but only obtained
one specimen from the Cardwell district. The egg resembles that of
E, guttatusy without the greenish tinge on the ground-colour, which
is of a rich, light cream-colour, spotted sparingly all over with round
dots and oval-shaped marks of black, blackish brown, and slaty black,
which latter appear beneath the surface of the shell ; length from 1*4 1
to 1*5 inch, breadth from 1*03 to 1*03, equal at both ends.
I found this species breeding both at Brisbane and on the Mary
river. My brother, James Ramsay, Esq., of Nanama, forwarded to
me authentic eggs from the Merule in the Riveriua district of New
South Wales.
I take the present opportunity of correcting a mistake respecting
the egg of this species that £ described as such in the list of birds
from Port Denison (P. Z. S. 1875, p. 113); it evidently belonged to
the following bird {Caprimulgus macrurus^, Rainbird, who was not
aware of the generic difference between the two birds, sent me a
Eurostopodus instead of a CaprimulguSy the great similarity in the
plumage of these two Australian species evidently misled him.
30. Caprimulgus macrurus.
This species is plentiful near Cardwell ; many specimens were pro-
cured. I am indebted to Inspector Robert Johnstone for a fine pair
of their eggs ; they were found on the ground on the side of a ridge
near the Herbert river, and are of a light rich cream-colour, fading
to whitish after being emptied, clouded all over with fleecy markings
of pale slaty lilac, which appear beneath the surface of the shell ;
length 1*1 by *81 inch in breadth.
31. Ch^tura caudacuta.
Met with on the plains inland and flying over the extensive grass
beds on the lower Herbert.
5j>2
MR. E. P. RAMSAY ON
[Nov. 16,
32. Cypselus terr^-regin^, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 601.
I met with this interesting species upon several occasions. Their
flight is remarkably swift, and resembles that of the Spine-tailed
Swallow (C. caudacuta) \ their actions are also similar. Very diffi-
cult to procure.
33. Hirundo frontalis.
This species seems to visit all parts of Australia ; I noticed no dif-
ference between the individuals from the Herbert river and those in
New South Wales.
34. Lagenoplastes ariel.
35. Hylochelidon nigricans.
I found both species assembled together in large numbers at Upper
Herbert in April ; they were evidently preparing for migration.
36. Merops ornatus.
Common everywhere during April in immense numbers, adults
and the young of the year evidently preparing for their annual mi-
gration.
37. Eurystomus pacificus.
Plentiful about the township of Cardwell and elsewhere.
38. Dacelo gigas.
Not so common as the next species ; only two or three pairs no-
ticed. Their different note at once distinguishes them even at a great
distance.
39. Dacelo leachii.
Plentiful and easily procured when not wanted ! The furthest
south I have noticed this species was about the IMary and Burnet
rivers ; but I have received specimens said to have been shot at To-
woomba, some distance inland from Brisbane.
40. Todiramphus sanctus.
This species was not plentiful ; a few specimens shot, but
unfortunately in the moult, were slightly smaller than the New-South-
Wales birds.
41. Todiramphus pyrrhopygius.
I give this species on the authority of Inspector R. Johnstone,
who observed it about 50 miles inland from the coast; it has a very
extensive range of habitat. In December 1869 it visited Dobroyde,
near Sydney.
42. Todiramphus sordidus.
This species is by no means rare ; but usually inhabits the irian-
grove-sw^amps and margins of the rivers near the mouth, where they
are not easily obtained.
1875.]
BIRDS FROM UUEKNSLAND.
583
43. Cyanalcyon macleayi.
I seldom found this species on the river-banks. Inland it is plen-
tiful, being the most common species. They excavate a hole in a
nest of the White Ant {Termes)^ and, enlarging it into a chamber
near the end, lay 4 or 5 round glossy white eggs, slightly smaller
than those of Halcyon sanctus,
44. Alcyone pulchra.
This appears to me to be only a northern variety o( Alcyone azurea.
It is common on all the creeks and rivers.
45. Alcyone pusilla.
By no means rare, but seldom found away from the creeks in the
very densest parts of the scrubs ; it is always difficult to procure. Its
note is a shrill, weak, piping cry, emitted chiefly while on the wing.
Several specimens obtained. There is no difference in the plumage
of the sexes.
46. Tany^siptera sylvia.
This lovely bird, I noticed, inhabited the most dense parts of the
scrubs ; I never saw the birds in any of the open parts ; except diving
across from one side of a gully to the other, they always keep to
the low Palms and are more frequently heard than seen ; their note
is a shrill cricket-like chirrup.
47. Gymnorhina tibicen.
By no means common ; I regret I did not shoot some specimens ;
they appeared much smaller than our New-South-Wales birds,
although their flute-like note is identical. Met with in the open
forest-country.
48. Cracticxjs nigrogularis.
49. CrACTICUS TORaUATUS.
I did not observe any difference in these and individuals of the
same species from New South Wales.
50. Cracticus auoYii.
This handsome species differs in its habits from all the other
members of the genus. It frequents the mangrove-swamps and
dense bushes about the rivers, where its presence is every now and
then betrayed by its loud ringing note, emitted chiefly when on the
move. For the most part it resorts to the tops of the trees, and feeds
on various insects of several families.
51. Graucalus melanops.
Common, frequenting the open country.
52. Graucalus mentalis.
Usually seen in pairs or small troops of 4 or 5 in number, frequently
on margins of scrubs &c. or in the open forest- country.
584
MR. E. P. RAMSAY ON
[Nov. 16,
53. Graucalus hypoleucus.
54. Graucalus swainsoni.
Both species seem plentiful and confined to the scrubs and bushes.
55. Artamus sordidus.
56. Artamus leucopygialis.
57. Artamus cinereus.
All plentiful after the breeding-season ; they move about in troops,
sometimes all three species together, sometimes separately and risit-
ing certain localities aiteruatel)^ The young of J. cinereus are striated
with whitish on the head and back, like the young of other members
of the genus.
58. Artamus minor (VieilL).
My collector obtained several of this species from a troop visiting
Salt-water Creek, near Cardwell ; they frequented the open parts of
the forest-lands and paddocks in the vicinity. I have met with them
as far south as the Mary river. There is no difference in the plumge
of the sexes.
59. Pardalotus melanocephalus.
Perhaps the most common species. It resorts to the topmost
leafy twigs, where it secures its food of insects and their larvse. The
nest is at the end of a long narrow burrow in the side of a bank,
where a chamber is hollowed out and lined with narrow strips of
bark or grasses for the reception of the eggs, which are 4 in number,
snow-white, and a little larger than those of P. ‘punctatus,
60. Pardalotus punctatus.
This seems a rare species, and was only met with once. P. affinis
and P. strxatus were not obtained within 100 miles of Cardwell, and
have consequently been omited from this list ; I have no doubt,
however, that they will eventually be found in the Rockingham Bay
district.
61. Strepera anaphonensis.
I met with this easily recognized species upon several occasions in
the open forest-country about the head-waters of the Herbert.
62. Campephaga karu.
63. Campephaga jardinii.
Both species commonly found among the leafy boughs of trees on
the margins of scrubs.
64. Pachyxephala rufiventris.
65. Pachycephala melanura.
I did not find either of these species plentiful, and only obtained one
of each.
1875 .]
BIRDS FROM QUEENSLAND.
585
66. CoLLURICINCLA PARVULA.
I noticed that individuals of this species are much more highly
coloured and deeper in tint than those I obtained from the Richmond
and Clarence rivers in New South Wales. It is one of the most
common birds on the Herbert river, and has a very pleasing and varied
note, imitating and mocking almost every bird it bears. It is lively
and graceful in all its actions, the first up in the morning and the
last to roost at night ; the scrubs resound with its pleasing song.
The nest is composed of shreds of bark, grasses, and skeletons of
leaves, &c. ; it is cup-shaped, similar but smaller than that of C.
harmonica. The eggs, 4 in number, white, with black and slaty-
brown dots and spots.
67* Oreoica gutturalis.
Found only in the open forest-land about 25 miles inland.
68. Chibia bracteata.
A very common species ; I frequently observed them taking their
food on the wing at dusk. They appear always to be noisy and pug-
nacious.
69. Rhipidura albiscapa.
70. Rhipidura rufifrons.
These species were ouly met with on one or two occasions in the
bushes on the Herbert river ; they appear to be rare in these parts.
71. Rhipidura isura.
Not finding any notice of the superciliary stripe in Mr. Gould’s
description of this bird, I was induced to consider it distinct, and de-
scribed it under the name of i2, superciliosa in P. Z. S. 1874, p. 604.
Since, however, having had access to the folio edition of Mr. Gould’s
work, I find they are identical. This species has more of the habits
of Sanloprocta motacilloides. It frequents the open parts of the
forest and margins of the scrubs.
72. Sauloprocta motacilloides.
Common everywhere on the margins of scrubs near dwellings and
on the open plain.
A
73. Seisura inquieta.
Not plentiful, met with occasionally.
74. PlEZORHYNCHUS NITIDUS.
Plentifully distributed over the whole district; frequents mangroves
and thick brushes on the margins of creeks and rivers. A very
pleasing and active bird.
75. Arses kaupii.
On a better acquaintance with this species, I find its habits closely'
MR. E. P. RAMSAY ON
[i\ov. 16,
686
resemble those of Rhipidura albiscapa^ especially in spreading its tail,
creeping and hopping, with its wings half open, about on the trunks
of the trees, often head downwards, searching under leaves and loose
bark for insects, or darting out here and there to capture one on the
wing. Its actions are lively and pleasing in the extreme ; and when
close by, the blue ring round the eye is plainly visible and conspicuous.
This species is not rare, but seems to frequent the same parts of the
densescrubs throughout the whole season. Inoticedseveralpairsiuthe
Herbert-river brushes, and frequently returned to the same place day
after day to watch them and wait for Casuaries ; at such times I had
ample opportunities of studying the habits and actions of many other
species, whic'i- "Id frequently come within a few feet of me, and in
more than one instance perched on my hat.
76. Myiagra plumbea.
I shot a few specimens in the hopes of finding M, latirostris^ but
did not find them differ from the New-South-Wales specimens.
77. Myiagra nitida.
Like the preceding species, I found this bird plentiful in the dense
brushes and scrubs on the Herbert river and other parts of the
district.
78. Macujerirhynchus flaviventer.
I was delighted to find this pretty species, and secured some fine
skins just in time, as they had just finished breeding, and in a few days
afterwards I found them moulting, January 1874.
79. Micrceca fascinans?
On one occasion only I met with a bird which I believe to be of
this species ; having more important birds in view, did not secure
any specimens.
80. Micrceca flavigaster.
This bird is not plentiful, and was only found after several weeks’
diligent search. Inhabits the tops of the trees in the open grass-lauds.
I never heard it singing as its representative ilJ. faschia7is is wont
to do in New South Wales ; and only on one occasion did I find them
near any of the settlers* residences. They moulted earlier than any
other birds in the district, being found in full new’ plumage on April
28, 1874.
81. Monarcha carinata.
Common in dense scrubs. It builds a neat nest among upright
twigs, round, open above, composed of grasses and fine shreds of bark,
the outside completely covered with bright green moss {Hypnum
dendroides &c.). Theeggs, two or three in number, are white, thickly
sprinkled with light reddish chestnut or reddish brown spots and
dots.
1875.]
BIRDS FROM QUKENSLAND.
587
82. Monarcha trivirgata.
One of the most common scrub birds. Its actions are more animated
than those of M, carinata ; it constructs the same kind of nests, in
similar places, and of the same materials ; also lays eggs two or three
in number, of the same colour and markings, only differing a little in
size.
83. Gerygone albogularis.
This species just arrived in time, before I left the Herbert, to be
entered in the list ; their arrival was announced by their pretty,
melodious song, about the end of April. They arrive to breed with
us in New South Wales hi September or late’" tligust. If I
remember right, their nest and eggs I have fully described pre-
viously,
84. Gerygone culicivora?
This is either G. culicivora or a new species. It is found com-
mon among the dense belts of mangroves near Cardwell ; we found
several of its nests containing eggs and young birds on Feb. 26,
when my young friend Master I. Sheridan, an enthusiastic young
naturalist, kindly waded nearly up to his thighs in black mud to
secure them for me ; one nest contained the eggs of a Cuckoo,
exactly the same as that of Chrysococcyx plagosus, but smaller than
any eggs of that bird I have hitherto met with ; it is probably the
egg of C. minutiltus. The nest is a somewhat bulky structure, and
resembles closely a lump of debris left by the floods hanging to the
end of some leafy twig, it is composed of shreds of bark, dried water-
weeds, and withered grasses, selected, I have no doubt, from the
debris of the floods, plentiful on every side. It is oval oblong, with
a small side entrance, and suspended by the top to the end of some
hanging branch, often a considerable distance from the shore. The
eggs are white, with a few dots of brown at the larger end ; some
altogether white, without any markings.
8iT. Gerygone, sp. inc.
One of the most common species, always to be found in the dense
scrubs by its pleasing twittering note. The birds were in full moult
when shot. A very indistinct dark bar across tip of the tail, other-
wise like G. albogularis.
86. Erythrodryas rosea.
One pair noticed on the margin of a dense scrub ; although fre-
quently watched for hours, no nest was discovered.
87. Petroica multicolor.
88. Melanodryas cucullata.
Both species appear to be residents; they are not plentiful, but
met with on several occasions in the open forest-lands, and near the
homesteads of the settlers.
588
MR. E. P. RAMSAY ON
[Nov, IG,
89. PcECILODRYAS SUPERCTLIOS A.
Found frequenting the outskirts of scrubs and thinly wooded
banks of the rivers,
90. PcECILODRYAS? Cl NEREIFRONS, Sp. nOV.
Head dark ashy grey, slightly tinged with olive on the crown ; a
broad ashy-gre}’^ band extends from over the eye to the back of the
head ; lores and chin blackish brown ; throat and a short broad line
extending just under the eye white ; ear-coverts, nape, interscapular
region, mantle, and rump olive-brown ; the upper tail-coverts and
tail olive, washed with rufous ; inner webs of the tail-feathers dark
ashy brown, the outer three feathers on either side margined with a
well-defined line of white at the tips ; under surface of the tail dark
ashy brown ; under tail-coverts and flanks rich buff ; abdomen white ;
breast and chest ashy grey, becoming white on the throat ; sides
tinged with olive-brown ; under surface of the wings dark ashy brown,
having a white band crossing the wing near the base of the primaries
and secondaries ; under wing-coverts dark ashy brown, a spot of
white at the base of the spurious wing ; under surface of the shoulder
white, the upper surface of the shoulder ashy grey ; the wing-coverts
above and the concealed portions of primaries and secondaries
blackish brown ; the scapulars and terminal half of the outer web
of primaries and secondaries olive ; the basal portion blackish brown,
having a broad white band extending through them across the wing,
just in front of the greater wing-coverts, and being broader on the
secondaries nearest the body, but not extending on to the scapulars.
Bill black at the base, white at the tip and along the under margin
of lower mandible ; legs, feet, and nails flesh-colour.
Total length 5‘7 inches; bill from forehead *8, from nostril ‘45,
from angle of the mouth *9, height at the nostrils *25, width ‘2 ;
wing 3‘9 inches ; tail 2*9; tarsus 1*2; hind toe *5, its claw *3;
middle toe *65, its claw *25 ; outer toe *55, its claw *2 ; inner toe
•45, its claw *2.
Hab, Brushes of the coast range near Cardwell, Rockingham^ay.
Remarks, — In habits and actions this species closely resembles the
EopsaltricBy and like them may be seen perching frequently on the
side of the upright stems of the trees.
91. EoPSALTRIA CAPITO.
Plentiful in the dense parts of the brushes. Their habits resemble
E, australis of New South Wales,
92. Eopsaltria inornata, Ramsay, P. Z. S, 1874, p. 604.
In habits it resembles the preceding, but is either very rare or
easily overlooked. It has been found in the scrubs on the Endeavour
river.
93. PSOPHODES CREPITANS.
The specimens shot of this species were a trifle smaller than those
from New South Wales. The nest is a rather bulky structure, com-
1875.]
BIRDS FROM dUEENSLAND.
589
posed of rootlets, and skeletons of leaves and ferns, &c., lined with
finer material, and sometimes, I am told, with feathers ; it is not
unlike a very large-sized nest of Sericornis frontalis, or a bulky
nest of Malurns cyaneus, it is dome-shaped, with a comparatively
large opening in the side, and placed in low bushes surrounded by
vines &c. The eggs are three to four in number, of a greenish-white
colour, with blackish, irregular, linear-shaped markings, some twisted
and looped ; a few on the larger end, where they are most numerous,
are of a slaty blue, and appear beneath the surface of the shell ; on
the thicker end of some, hair-lines of black predominate, and, cross-
ing and looping over one another, form here and there a black blotch.
Length 1*1 to T2 inch, by 0*8 to 0*85.
94. Malurus cyaneus,
I met with this species at Port Dennison, but not further north
if I remember rightly.
95. Malurus amabilis.
96. Malurus hypoleucus, Gould, Suppl. B. A. pi. 22.
These birds, whether they be of the same species or not, were
found together on the open grass-lands in the neighbourhood of
Cardwell, in the vicinity of scrubs. It has not by any means been
proved that they are male and female of the same species, as I find
neither Cockerell nor Thorpe, during their trip at Cape York, ascer-
tained the sexes of the birds they shot, hy dissection : I have made
particular inquiries of Mr. Thorpe on this point ; and I regret to say
my collector at Rockingham Bay, when he skinned my specimens,
made the same mistake, and went solely by the plumage ; in the
same locality were shot specimens of M, lamberti. It is not impro-
bable that Mr. Gould’s Malurns hypoleucus is quite a distinct spe-
cies, or perhaps the young male of M. amabilis ; but from the shape
of the bill &c. I am at present inclined to believe it to be a distinct
species ; the fact that they associate together in troops proves no-
thing on this point.
97. Malurus lamberti.
I think Rockingham Bay must be the most northern limit of this
species. The New South Wales birds differ in the tint of colouring
from those from South Australia, being of a more verditer blue on
the head, and of a lighter tint on the back.
98. Malurus melanocephalus.
Common everywhere from the Clarence river in New South
Wales to Cape York.
99. CiSTICOLA RUFICEPS.
This species is plentifully dispersed over the grass beds ; it is
common near Sydney, and equally plentiful at Cape York. The
nest is a very neat, dome-shaped structure, chiefly composed of
fine grasses, thistle-down, and cobweb, or the flowering portions of
590
MR. E. P. RAMSAY OX
[Nov. 10,
grasses all matted closely and thickly together, and having the ad-
jacent leaves of the plant in which it is placed neatly sewed on to the
side of the nest ; sometimes two or three broad leaves are sewed to-
gether with cobweb, and the nest made between them. The eggs
are about the size of those of Sericornis brevirostris, of a delicate
bine, spotted rather largely with reddish brown ; they are three in
number. The nest is always placed near the ground where the
grass growing through some broad-leaved plant affords it conceal-
ment.
100. Sericornis citreogularis.
101. Sericornis magnirostris.
Both species plentiful in the dense scrubs ; their large pendent
nests hang like masses of moss-grown debris from almost every tree
in certain parts.
102. Geobasileus chrysorrhous.
I met with this species about 50 miles inland from Cardwell.
There were also several Acanthizm twittering in the scrub close by ;
but I had no opportunity of determining the species.
103. Anthus australis.
Always abundant in similar situations to those it frequents in
New South Wales.
104. Sphenceacus galactotes.
This species is one of the most common grass-birds ; universally
dispersed ever the whole of Queensland.
105. Calamoherpe australis.
Found only on one occasion in tall reeds while we were shooting
wild Geese {Anseranas melanoJeucus) ; the note being exactly the
same as that of the New-South-Wales bird, I presume it was the
same species. Did not shoot any specimens.
105*. Mirafra horsfieldii.
I found this species frequenting the dry parts of the grass beds
all over the district of the Herbert river.
IOC. .®GINTHA TEMPORALIS.
This species appears to be very rare about Cardwell. I met with
only one small troop at Dalrymple’s Ga|i, on the road to the Lower
Herbert river.
107. Neochmia phaSton.
The most common species from Rockhampton north to Card-
well.
108. Donacola castaneothorax.
This and the preceding two species are the only ones I met witli near
1873 .]
BIRDS FROM QUEENSLAND.
591
Cardwell. Poephila goiddice was described to me very correctly,
and said to have been met with on the tablelands about 30 miles
from Waterview; 1 did not find any specimens myself,
109. Pitta strepitans, var. similltma.
This northern variety of Pitta strepitans I found common enough
at the Herbert river and scrubs around Cardwell. Some of the
specimens are deeper-coloured and smaller even than any I have
seen from Cape York ; others, again, are not to be distinguished
from the New-South-Wales birds; the white spot on the wing is
almost obsolete in many from the ranges near Cardwell Their
notes are exactly the same in all localities. The nest and eggs are
the same, and are found to vary in the same way as those described
and figured by me in ^The Ibis,’ 18G7, p. 417. In size they are
slightly smaller. I believe the finely spotted variety of the eggs of
this species, taken at Cape York by Cockerell and Thorpe, was at
the time mistaken for the eggs of Pitta macJdoti — which is very
probable. One thing is certain, I never knew a nest of either Pitta
strepitans or P, simillima to contain more than three eggs alike\ and
most often two out of the four {the number invariably laid for a
sitting') have been of the finely spotted and light-coloured variety,
the other two strongly and deeply marked, as figured in 'The Ibis/
1867, p. 417.
110. OrEOCINCLA LUNULATA.
I only once met with this species, in the scrubs on rock}^ sides of
the coast-range ; tlie eggs elongate, greenish, spotted with reddish
brown, four in number.
111. iELXJRCEDUS MACULOsus, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 601.
This interesting species appears to take the place of the
smithii of New South Wales. We found it feeding on the fruit of
the native figs, in small families of four to eight in number. The
note is more of a whistle than a cry of any kind.
112. ScENOPCEUS DENTIROSTRIS, gCU. et Sp. IIOV.
The whole of the upper surface, wings, and tail rich olive-browm,
the inner webs of the primaries and secondaries blackish brown, their
margins near the base buffy white ; under surface of the shoulders
yellow’ish buff, with remains of broken bars of blackish brown on the
smaller feathers ; the under wing-coverts yellowish buff, with cross
bars of dull brown ; under primary-coverts buff, crossed more dis-
tinctly with dull brown ; under surface of primaries and secondaries
dark ashy brown, the basal half of the inner margin huff tinged with
a faint wash of light rufous, flanks olive-buff ; abdomen buff; under
tail-coverts olive-buff, each feather barred with two or more lanceolate
marks of dull olive-brown, under surface of the tail dull brown ;
throat, neck below, chest, and the rest of the under surface buffy
white, each feather margined with olive-brown, which becomes lighter
and less distinct on the lower parts, and almost obsolete on the flanks
Proc. Zool. Soc. — 1875, No. XXXVIII. 38
592
MR. K. P. RAMSAY ON
[Nov. 16,
and abdomen ; on the throat and chest the margins are almost black,
and tinged with yellowish olive on the sides of the neck and chest,
and the buff’ central portion of a deeper tint ; the under surface has
the appearance of being broadly streaked with lanceolate marks of
buff, which become more and more indistinct as they approach the
under tail-coverts, becoming obsolete on the abdomen.
Total length 11 inches; wing 5*7; tail 4; tibia 2*2; tarsus
1*2 ; hind toe 0*6, its claw 0*4, its width 0*25 ; inner toe 0*65, its
claw 0*3 ; middle toe 0*9, its claw^ 0*35 ; outer toe 0*7, its claw' 0*3 ;
width of the sole of the foot 0*35 ; bill from gape 1*2, from forehead
1*1, from the nostril 0*6, height at nostril 0*6, width at nostril 0*5,
culmen 1*1; upper mandible black, lighter at the tip; lower
mandible blackish brown; gape yellow; legs and feet black, claw^s
brown.
Note. — The cheeks and sides of the face and the ear-coverts have
a rufous tinge, wdiich may be from blood-stains ; the greater portion
of the breast and abdomen having been shot aw*ay, it is almost im-
possible to describe these parts accurately. The only specimens pro-
cured w^re shot by Inspector Johnstone, of Cardwell, with his rifle,
and were consequently much damaged.
Hab. Bellenden-Ker range and the dense brushes clothing the
steep sides of Sea- view range’’ on the north-east coast of Queens-
land.
This species is not as yet known to build a bower ; but like the
Catbirds it clears a large space under the brushwood some 9 or 10
feet in diameter, and ornaments the cleared ])art with tufts and little
heaps of gaily tinted leaves and young shoots.
This bird, wdiicli cannot be placed in any of the known genera of
the family of Bower- birds, nevertheless approaches jElurcedus\ it
differs, however, from that genus in the following particulars ; —
The head itself is more elongated, the forehead flattish, broad,
sloping very gradually from the bill, which is short and thick,
much swollen at the sides ; culmen much curved to the tip, wdiich
is blunt and strongly toothed ; the inner margin also is toothed, having
three distinct indentations {hidden by the outer margin) for the teeth
of the low^er mandible to fit into ; lower mandible with one terminal
and two lateral teeth on the margin on either side ; nostrils basal,
t unk, large, circular ; the culmen just over these is compressed
laterally ; they are not hidden, although the bill is thickly clothed
with feathers at the base ; a few black short bristles over the nostrils ;
bill, measuring from its extreme base on the forehead, nearly the
full length of the head ; wings moderate, quills elongate, narrow, all
more or less rounded ; the secondaries squarish at the tips, being of
a nearly equal breadth throughout ; tail short, square, of twelve
feathers, nearly all equal in length, the under coverts reaching to
about the middle of the tail ; tarsi short, about half the length of
the tibia*; feet comparatively small, hind toe connected to inner toe
at the base by interdigital membrane, its sole broad; outer toe con-
nected to middle toe as far as first joint, toes short ; outer and inner
* One tenth of an inch longer than half the tibia.
1875 .]
BIRDS FROM aUEENSI.AND.
593
about equal in length, middle toe about one third longer ; hind toe
shortest and broadest at base ; claws of all weak, curved, and com-
pressed laterally. The plumage resembles that of the Catbird
j^turoeduSy being loose and comparatively long.
113 . MiMETA AFFINIS.
1 14 . MiMETA VIRIDIS.
115 . MiMETA FLAVOCINCTA.
The first of these species is the most common ; the two others I
did not find to be plentiful.
116 . Sphecotheres maxillaris.
Plentiful everywhere on the margins of the scrubs,
117 * Sphecotheres flaviventris.
I noticed several in a collection of birds made in the district, but
did not perceive any specimens myself at Cardwell.
118 . CORCORAX melanorhamphus.
Met with once or twice inland in open forest country.
119 . CORVUS AUSTRALIS.
Common about the slaughtering-yards throughout the district.
120. Calornis metallica.
One of the most common birds in the scrubs of the Herbert
river. They breed in companies, seemingly all through the year,
making large bulky nests of grass and fine twigs with a side opening,
which hang from the ends of the leafy boughs in clusters or singly;
at times the branches break off with the weight of the nests and
their contents. On the Herbert I noticed they gave preference to
a small-leaved species of fig resembling Ficus syrinyifolia ; and
before a colony began to build, the twigs on many of the branches
were broken and began to wither, and, hanging down, at a distance
resembled in colour the brown nests of this species. I noticed this
on two occasions, and remarked to Inspector Johnstone that the
birds were building near his camp. However, when examining the
tree through our field-glasses, we found nothing but bunches of dry
leaves swinging about with the wind. A few days afterwards we
noticed a neighbouring fig-tree in a similar condition ; and as both
trees were resorted to by these birds, I was under the impression
that it was caused by the ravages of some insect w^hich the birds
came to feed on ; however, about a month afterwards, Mr. Johnstone
informed me that these trees had been taken possession of by
colonies of Weaverbirds (or Starlings,’’ as they are called in
those parts) ; and this bulk of brown nests was forming quite a new
feature in the landscape.
The surface of the ground under a tree which has been colonized
for some time is perfectly green with thousands of seedling plants,
38 *
594 MR. E. P, RAMSAY ON [NoV. 1 (),
which have sprung from the fruits brought by these birds for their
young.
The food of this species is chiefly, if not exclusively, fruit of various
kinds, including the seeds of several species of palms, particularly
those of Ftychosperma alexaudrce and Kentia wendtlandtiana ; but
althougli four species of Calamus with edible subacid fruits abound,
I never found that these birds fed upon them.
The eggs are from three to four in number, variable in form, some
roundish, others elongate, about the size of those of Sturnus vulgaris,
of a greenish white, with bright reddish brown spots and dots, more
numerous at the larger end.
121. POMATOSTOMUS SUPERCILIOSUS.
122. PoMATOSTOMUS TEMPORALIS.
I only met with these birds on the western side of the coast-range,
in open forest and thinly timbered country.
123. Glyciphila fasciata.
This species is plentifully distributed over the coast-country from
Port Denison to Cooktown. In habits and actions they resemble
Ptdotis Jlava and others.
124. Glyciphila subfasciata, Ramsav, P. Z. S. 1868, p.
385.
This species, although possessing nothing in its sombre plumage
to recommend it, is certainly very interesting on account of its pequ-
liarly shaped nest, being the only one of the Australian Melipha-
ginae that I have met with which constructs a dome-shaped nest.
It is a neat structure, composed of strips of bark, spiders’ webs, and
grass, and lined with fine grasses &c. The opening at the side is
rather large ; but the nest itself is rather deep, being about 4 inches
long and 2} to 3 inches wide. The eggs I did not obtain ; but one
taken from the oviduct of a bird is 0*75 inch in length and 0*5
in breadth, pure white, wdth a few dots of black sprinkled over
the larger end.
The nests w^ere invariably placed among the drooping branches of
a species of always overhanging some creek or running water.
All the nests I found were so situated ; and my young friend Master
I. Sheridan of Cardw’ell, who has paid considerable attention to
objects of natural history, assures me that he has never found them
otherwise ; and the usual number of eggs for a sitting are two, and
frequently without any black dots on the surface.
Their note is a sharp, shrill, monotonous cry, oft repeated at inter-
vals; iris reddish brown.
125. Stigmatops subocularis.
This species seems plentiful, inhabiting the mangroves and mar-
gins of the scrubs on the w^ater’s edge. They betake themselves to
almost anv of the forest trees when they are in bloom, attracted by
1875.]
BIRDS FROM aUEKNSLAND.
595
the honey and insects. In the neighbourhood of Sydney they fre-
quent the orange-groves, and occasionally breed among the branches
during the months of October and November. Their cry is pecu-
liar, but not unpleasant, and at times varied,
126. PtiLOTIS LEWINII.
This species is universally dispersed over the whole of the coast-
country from the Hunter river to Cooktowii. It is particularly
fond of extracting honey from the flowers of the plantains and native
bananas {Musa banksiiy Miiller). Banana groves abound in the
Cardwell district, and may be distinguished at a great distance in
large patches clothing the sides of the mountains on the sea-coast;
and here this species is one of the most common birds. The nest is
like that of P. chrysopsy cup-shaped, open at the top, slung by the
sides or rim between the twigs of some leafy bough or vine; it is
composed of shreds of bark and grasses, webs of spiders, &c., and
lined with similar material of a finer texture, or occasionally, when
found in the neighbourhood of dwellings, with feathers, wool, or
other soft substances. The eggs are two in number, pearly white,
with deep-reddish dots,
127. Ptilotis versicolor.
I only met with one specimen of this bird, which I obtained from
Broadbent, who informed me the species was not scarce and usually
fed among the blossoms of tall Eucalypti.
128. Ptilotis macleayana, Ramsay, P, L. S. of N, S. W. pt. i.
p. 10 (1875).
This fine species is one I mentioned in the P. Z. S. 1868, p. 386,
under the name of Ftilotis versicolor of Gould (Handb. B. Austr. i. p.
506); and, strange to say, even the fully adult birds show that peculi-
arity in the plumage which is usually characteristic of immaturity.
At first I considered them all young P. vej'sicolor ; but after having
obtained and examined, from several sources, extending over a period
of six years, numerous fine specimens, all in similar plumage, and
shot at various times through the year, I felt convinced that they
belonged to a distinct species ; and on comparing them with Mr.
Gould’s excellent plates, I have no doubt I am correct.
The species has not a very extensive range, being confined, as far
as we yet know, to the coast-range from the Herbert river north
to Cooktown on the Endeavour, I found them nowhere plentiful,
and always of a shy and retiring disposition. The sexes are alike in
plumage.
The only note I heard them utter is a simple feeble cry resem-
bling that of P. chrysopsy but not so loud ; in their actions and
retiring disposition they rc.smble more P. lewinii,
129. Ptilotis fasciogularis.
I find no mention in my note-book of meeting with this bird at
Rockingham Bay ; but I found it plentiful on an island off Port
596
MR. E. P. RAMSAY ON
[Nov. 16,
Denison and near Cleveland Bay, about 60 miles due south of
Rockingham Bay. They frequent the mangroves, and are to be
met with in considerable numbers on many oT the islands and
mangrove- swamps along the shores of various bays as far south as
Moreton Bay. They congregate in considerable numbers, and are
very pugnacious at times, fighting among themselves and chattering
as the yellow-tufted Honey-eaters (P. auricomis) are wont to do.
I never met with them away from the margins of the salt water.
130. Ptilotis frenata, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 603.
A very distinct and interesting species, procured near the town-
ship of Cardwell, feeding among the blossoms of the Eucalypti.
It appears to be very scarce, only three being observed during our
stay of six months.
131. Ptilotis flava.
A very beautiful species, and perhaps the most common bird
about Cardwell; frequently seen clinging to the flowers of the
bananas and plantains in cultivation round the houses: when among
the blossoms of the Acacice they are scarcely discernible, so closely
does their yellow plumage match the tint of the blossoms.
132. Ptilotis penicillata.
133. Ptilotis fusca.
I found these species frequenting the margins of creeks and rivers
on the Upper Herbert, and about 50 miles inland Irom the coast.
I did not notice them near the Bay.
134. Ptilotis chrysops.
Common everywhere along the coast.
135. Ptilotis filigera.
This seems to be a scarce species and very local, although dis-
persed over a wide area. I obtained one only at Rockingham Bay ;
and one I received from Cape York.
136. Plectorhyncha lanceolata.
Although I was not fortunate enough to meet with this fine
species myself, I saw some fine specimens which had been procured
some 60 miles inland. This species appears to confine itself to the
west of the coast-range, and is met with occasionally about the heads
of the Burnett river.
137. MeLIPHAGA PHRYGIA.
Once found in open forest-country near heads of the Upper Her-
bert river, 50 miles inland.
138. Tropidorhynchus corniculatus.
Universally dispersed over the whole country as far north as
Cardwell.
1875 .]
BIRDS FROM OUERNSLAND.
597
139. Tropidorhynciius citreogularis*
Equally plentiful with the last mentioned, but confined to the
more inland parts and open forest-country. The nest is smaller, but
similar in form and shape, and placed in like situations to that
chosen by T, corniculatus ; and like that species it builds its nest ot
strips of bark, and lines it with grass and finer shreds of bark. It is
usually suspended by the brim from a horizontal bough, and fre-
quently overhanging the water. An egg given to me some time ago,
and said to belong to this species, is creamy white with blackish
dots, in form somewhat elongated.
140. Myzomela sangdinolenta.
During the months of April and May 1874 this bird was found
by no means rare, feeding among the blossoms of Lophostemony
Melaleuca, and Eucalyptus in the neighbourhood of Cardwell and
on the Herbert river. They arrive about Sydney during the months
of October and November, and, remaining, breed during November,
December, and as late as January.
141. Myzomela pectoralis ?
One specimen only obtained, which I believe to be the young of
this species ; should it prove otherwise, it will be hereafter de-
scribed.
142. Myzomela obscura.
A very common species about Port Mackay and Port Denison,
but did not appear to be so numerous about Cardwell ; several
specimens obtained. I have seen it as far south as the Mary river,
where, however, it is very rare.
143. Entomyza cyanotis ?
While in the open forest^country near the heads of the Herbert
river I met with species of Entomyza on several occasions, but
regret we did not shoot any, having nothing smaller than a revolver
in the shape of firearms with us. I am not by any means sure that
the species was E. cyayiotis, and am more inclined to consider it
E, albipennis,
144. Melithreptus albogularis.
Common all along the coast-line, and for a considerable distance
inland, from Brisbane to Cooktown.
145. Melithreptus gularis.
This species appears to be plentiful, but not in the immediate
vicinity of the coast. It is not rare about Maryborough, and is also
found on the Ujiper Herbert. It has considerable powers of song,
which may be heard often at daylight in the morning.
While camped on the banks of the Gregory a pair of these birds
frequented a Wattle-tree (Acacia) near to our ‘‘tent’’ (a sheet of
dar/c !), and delighted us every morning for many days by pouring
598
MR. K. P. RAMSAY ON
[Nov. H),
out their varied and pleasing song, which often lasted for ten or
fifteen minutes without ceasing. I have since heard their song
under more comfortable circumstances ; and my brother and 1 at
once recognized onr old friends.
The nest and eggs are similar but slightly larger than those of
M. lunulatus ; eggs two in number, pale salmon-pink with deep red-
dish salmon dots on the larger end ; the nest is cup-shaped, slung
by the rim between twigs at the end of a leafy bough, and composed
of fine grasses and strips of bark webbed together with spider’s nests.
146 . Dictum hirundinaceum.
This species seems dispersed over the wdiole of Australia; never-
theless it is a bird seldom met with in collections, which may be
accounted for by its habit of resorting to the highest trees. 1 found
that both in Queensland and New South Wales they freiiuent the
large clumps of mistletoe and Loranthus, of the fruit of w4iicb they
seem to be particularly fond ; at times they enter the gardens and
feed on the fruits of the Cape-mulberry sp.). An Ehreiia
hottentotica at Dobroyde, when its berries are ripe, is a favourite
j)lace of resort for this species.
147 . Nectarinia australis.
1 only met with this interesting species on one occasion near
Card\vell ; it is by no means common in that district.
148 . ZoSTEROPS C.ERULESCENS.
The Queensland specimens of this s[>ecies are frecjuently smaller
than our New-South- Wales birds, and often of a brighter tint on
the head and throat, the silver ring round the eye is comparatively
larger and more conspicuous.
149 - Ptilorhis paradisea.
The most northerly point that I met w ith this species was at Port
jNIackay on the Pioneer river ; it was considered there a very rare
bird. 1 h ave heard of its being occasionally met with in the ranges
near Gyni])ie.
This bird is very similar to Clhnactei'is in its actions. While
encamped for some three or four months in the ranges of the
North Richmond river, the great stronghold of this species, I had
abundant opportunities of studying its habits, and w'as struck with
tlie similarity of its actions to our Tree-creepers. The young males
and females, seldom accompanied by more than one adult male in
livery, are frequently met with together traversing the steins and
thick branches of the trees, especially those showing signs or in a
state of decay.
The call-note of the adult male is a shrill scream, easily imitated
sufliciently to attract its attention and cause it to remain until }^ou
approach. By this means I have frequently watched it closely as it
hopped round the bole of some clccayiug tree, or tore off the loose
bark in search of insects.
1875.] BIRDS FROM OURENSLAND. 599
Seldom more than one adult male is found to every quarter of a
square mile of scrub ; and so little do they wander about, that it
was customary for me to return to the same locality day after day
until I had shot the bird, being quite sure of hearing him calling if
he had not been destroyed in the mean time. These old males are
usually solitary ; but two or more occasionally meet in some favourite
feeding-tree, when a fight is sure to ensue ; for, although closely
resembling the Climacteris in their actions, they differ in this re-
spect, that they may occasionally he found feeding on the fruit of
the native tamarind {Tamarindus australis).
The natives informed me that the Rifle-bird lays its eggs, which
are white, in the hollow branch of a tree without making any nest
whatever — w’hich is not improbable.
150 . PtILORHIS VICTORI.E.
The great stronghold of this species is the Bernard Islands north-
east of Cardwell, a short distance from the coast. It is at times
found on Hinchenbrook Islands, seldom on Gould and Dunk Islands,
but not unfrequeiitly in the dense scrubs clotliing the coast-range
near Cardwell. Once only did I meet with it on the Herbert river.
Tlieir note and habits closely resemble those of P. paradisea.
Thev were in full moult during the time of my visit, February and
and ‘March, and did not regain their livery until May.
151. Climacteris SCANDENS.
Not scarce in the open forest-land on the banks of the Upper
Herbert river.
152. Climacteris ledcoph.ea.
Met with on one or two occasions on the margins of scrubs on the
Herbert river &c.
153. Orthonyx spaldingi, Ramsay, P. Z.S. 1868, p. 386.
In habits and actions this fine species closely assimilates to O. spini-
cauda, but is far more retiring and shy, much more noisy, and may
be heard more frequently tlian seen. The young attains the adult
plumage after the first moult, which takes place about December.
They breed in September and October ; and I believe the young then
hatched moult in February and March, judging from a very fine
series of skins I then procured.
This species has the habit of scratching up the dead leaves, and
throwing the debris far behind it, after the manner of the “ Scrub-
hens” (Me^apodiiis tumulus). Its powers of mimicry are very great;
and, like the Lyre-birds, it seems capable of imitating almost any
sound. These birds are not only rare, but at all times very difficult
to obtain, and appear to be confined to the thickly timbered scrubs
on the steep and nigged sides of the coast-range near Cardwell.
154. SiTTELLA STRIATA, Gould, Suppl. B. Aiist. pi. 54.
1 mentioned this species as the young of S. lencoptera in P, Z. S.
600
MR. E. P, RAMSAY ON
[Nov. 16,
1868, p. 387, where a mistake in the description occurs, the words
upper .ywr/izcc should have been under surface^ as the text will show.
It is plentifully distributed over the whole Rockhigham -Bay district,
and regarded by the aborigines there as sacred and as having had
something to do with their first coming to that part of the country.
This species seems to be more active than other Bittellce I have met
with. They are usually found in small troops, and seem in a
hnrryj hopping quickly over the trunks, stems, and branches of the
trees, ofttirnes head downwards, creeping round and round the
limbs, stopping only to disengage some insect from the bark ; and
calling to each other in a mournful monotonous cry, they fly off to
repeat the same actions on some other tree. They move along the
forest at no mean pace, usually going in a direct line. The nest,
like that of S, chrysopterciy is placed in an upright and usually dead
fork of some high branch ; it is made of fine stri])s of bark with a
large quantity of spider’s webs, with which small scales of bark
resembling that of the branch in which it is placed are felted on so
carefully as hardly to be detected even at a comparatively short
distance; the rim is very thin, the nest open above and very deep. -
1.55. SlTTELLA EEXJCOCEPHALA.
This very conspicuous species is far from being rare, and is
usually met with in open forest country over the whole of northern
Queensland as far as Cooktown. Its habits and actions and nidifica-
tion do not differ materially from those of the other members of the
genus. The notes of all closely resemble each other.
156. CUCULUS CANOROIDES.
This species was not rare at Cardwell during the mouths of
March to ]\Iay. I shot several of them in the moult and young
plumiige. They do not appear to me to differ much from the
European C. canoruSy cither in the adult or in any of the rufous-
tinted immature stages of plumage, I never heard them call. The
young have a decidedly strong rufous tint pervading the npper
surface.
157. Cacomantis flabelliformis.
158. CucuLUs, sp. inc.*
Both species common from September to May; the latter I find
identical with a bird received from India.
159. Lamprococcyx plagosus.
160. Lamprococcyx minutillxjs.
Of the former, two specimens only were obtained , it does not
appear to be very plentiful ; of the latter species only one specimen was
shot, near Cardwell. 1 obtained from the nest of a species of Gerygone
an egg resembling that of L. j^lagosus, but much smaller, which,'it is
very j)robable, is that of L, fninutillus,
* 1 can find no description of ibis bird in any work.
1875.]
BIRDS FROM QUEENSLAND.
GUI
161. SCYTHROPS NOViE-HOLLANDIiE.
162. EuDYNAMIS FLINDERSI.
163. Centropus phasianus.
These species are all common enough throughout the whole district,
the Scythi'ops usually met with flying about the tops of high trees
in companies of five to eight in number ; they have a loud harsh
guttural croak, which is most usually heard early in the morning.
The Eudynamis frequents fruit-bearing trees of every description,
and feeds on numerous species of berries found in tbe scrubs, occa-
sionally visiting gardens in the neighbourhood of the settlements for
a like purpose. The Swamp-Pheasant, or Cookoo, as it is usually
called {Centropxis phasianus), is very numerous and may be always
found frequenting the extensive grass-beds throughout the Colony.
These birds prey on mice and small animals, holding them with
their feet, and tearing them to pieces if they are too large. I once
had a pair of Centropus in confinement ; and although scarcely nine
months old, they readily killed mice or young rats when let go in
their cage : first picking them up quickly in their bill and rapping
them smartly against the sides of the cage, they soon killed them ;
but often a peck on the back with their strong bills killed or disabled
the animal at once. They eat raw meat, grasshoppers {Locusta),
lizards, frogs, or bread readily ; they appeared to be omnivorous,
and became very tame in a short time.
164. Cacatua galerita.
This bird seems universally dispersed over the whole of Australia;
and they are not one whit the less mischievous in the Cardwell
district than any other. I found that they frequent the palm trees
when the seeds are ripening; and there perched on the fruiting stems
they amused themselves biting off the strings of red or green berries,*
and watching them as they fell to the ground. I have noticed them
in New South Wales treating some of the flowering Eucalypti in
the same way, and have frequently seen large trees with scarcely a
bough untouched, and the whole ground underneath strewed with
the leaves and branches. They seldom eat either the blossoms or
the capsules of the Eucalypti, although they do feed on the palm-
{Ptychosperma alexandree) berries, and afterwards begin their work
of destruction.
-165. Calyptorhynchus banksii.
Not plentiful, one troop of five only met with on the Herbert
river.
166. Calyptorhynchus leach II.
167. Calyptorhynchus funereus.
These seem to be the usual, but not common, S[)ecies found about
the Herbert river and Cardwell. I met them on two or three
occasions, but found them very shy.
fi02 MR. RAMSAY ON BIRDS FROM QUEENSLAND. [NoV. 16,
168. Ptistes erythropterus.
I found this species dispersed over the whole region from the
Clarence river to the Cardwell district. Specimens of this species
are smaller in size the further north they are found, until it reaches
Cooktown and the Cape-York district, where they are the smallest,
and the crimson on the shoulders of a deeper tint.
169. Platycercus cyanogeny^s.
Only once met with ; this species appears to be very rare in the
Cardwell district, although I have seen several specimens from Cape
York.
I found Parrots of all kinds very scarce, and especially the
ground-Parrakeets and their allies. 1 did not meet with a single
species of Eiq^hema or Psephoius,
1/0. Trichoglossus multicolor.
171. Glossopsitta pusilla.
172. Glossopsitta AUSTRALIS.
All three species very plentiful, and frequently met with feeding
in the flowering Eucalypti,
I searched diligently for T, ruhritonjuis, but found no trace of it.
173. Cyclopsitta macleayana, Ramsay, Sydney Morning He«
raid Newspaper, Nov. 15, 1874.
This interesting and prettily marked species w^as discovered first
by Mr. K. Broadbent near Cardwell, and found feeding on the
native figs with wdiich the scrubs abound. The specimens in the
Dobroyde Collection are the only fully adult specimens obtained.
I believe I forwarded to the Society a full description of the adults,
male and female, and the young, several months ago^. In case I
should not have done so, I enclose a slip from the ‘ Sydney Morning
Herald,’ in which a portion of my notes appeared about the same time.
Male, Upper surface bright grass-green; forehead crimson bounded
by a band of bright verditer blue, which extends through the lores,
and, narrowing round the eye, reaches to the ear-coverts ; from the
base of the lower mandible, extending over the ear-coverts, an
oblong patch of crimson, bounded below by a patch of deep blue ;
outer w’ebs of primaries and secondaries deej) blue ; inner webs
blackish brown ; shoulders tinged with blue, under surface of the
shoulders bright green, having a narrow band of yellow, formed by
a series of spots of the larger under wnng-coverts ; across the centre
of the wing a larger band of yellow, formed by a series of elongated
marks on all but the second and third primaries ; a longitudinal
spot of red on the inner w^ebs of the third and fourth tertiaries
nearest the body; the remainder of the wings on the under surface
blackish brown ; whole of the under surface of the body bright
* [This descriplion was never received. The species appears to be the same
as 6'. maccoyl, Gould, P. Z. S. 1875, p. ol4, and Birds ol' 2Sew Guinea, pt. i. pi.
10.— P. L. 8.]
1875.] MR. E. P. RAMSAY ON RALLINA TRICOLOR. C03
green ; on the sides of the breast, from under the wing, extending
nearly to the flanks, is an oblong patch of bright yellow ; under tail-
coverts and flanks bright green, tipped with verditer ; bill, tarsi,
and feet dark-horn colour. Total length 5 inches, wings from
flexure tarsi tail 14 ; bill from cere along the culmen y^^^,
width at base
Female. The female differs in having the whole of the sides of
the lace, from the base of the upper mandible to the ear-coverts, of
a bright verditer blue; the outer and lower portions of the ear-
coverts deep cobalt blue, and in having no trace of red on these
parts. The spot on forehead just in front of the cere is of a duller
and more of an orange-red than in the male; the breast and abdomen
have a slight tinge of yellowish green.
Hah. Scrubs on coast-range near Cardwell, Rockingham Bay,
Queensland.
Young. In the not quite adult birds the breast and under surface
of the body is of a paler green, and has a decided yellow tinge. The
cheeks are of a paler blue, and void of the red patch so conspicuous
in the adult male. Bill pale horn-colour, darker at the tip.
Remarks. This very prettily marked species is the second of the
genus Cyclojisitta now known to inhabit Australia ; it is closely
allied, although quite distinct from C. coxeni^ Gould, being tnucii
smaller and more beautifully and distinctly marked about the face
and head. The specimens now gracing the collection of William
Macleay, Esq., M.L.A., of Elizabeth Bay, Sydney, those in the
Australian Museum, and in the Dobroyde-Mnseum collection, from
which the above descriptions have been jointly taken, were procured
by Mr. K. Broadbeut, taxidermist, during a collecting-tour in the
neighbourhood of Cardwell. They were found feeding on the fruit
of the native fig-trees, which abound in the dense scrubs and
brushes clothing the margins of creeks aud rivers at the foot of the
coast-range. It is doubtless the northern representative of Cyclo-
}:)sitta coxeni, which, I believe, has not been met with north of
the Brisbane district.
3. Description of the Eggs and Young of Rallina tricolor ^
from Rockingham Bay, Queensland. By Ebwarb P.
Ramsay^ C.M.Z.S.
[Received August 24, 1875.]
I found this fine species of Rail by no means rare in the dense
scrubs which fringe the rivers and creeks of the coast range near
Rockingham Bay; but although tolerably plentiful, they are always
very difficult to obtain, on account of the natnre of the localities they
frequent and their retiring disposition. They are seldom to be seen
without lying in wait for them ; and not always then can one obtain
a shot, except, perhaps, at such close quarters as would entirely
destroy them.
They move about more in the evenings and early morn, and at
604 MR. E. P. RAMSAY ON RALLINA TRICOLOR, [NoV. 16,
night may be heard calling to one another as they traverse the dense
masses of rank vegetation which abound in those districts. I never
met them out of these scrubs, although thick swampy grass-beds
close by were frequented by allied species.
They seem very local in their habits, a pair frequenting the same
spot for months or perhaps the whole year round, and breeding near
the same place year after year ; the young soon begin to take care
of themselves, and leave the parents before they are well able to fly.
I found them some four or five months old in pairs.
The note resembles a hoarse croak quickly repeated in a somewhat
mournful tone, and a quick cluck cluck when come upon suddenly.
1 was not fortunate enough to find the nest and eggs myself ; but
shortly after I left the Herbert river I received a fine set of these eggs
from inspector Robert Johnstone, to whom the bird is well known,
, and who assures me that after finding the nest and eggs he left it
until he had twice seen the bird sitting thereon, that he might be
perfectly sure there could be no mistake as to their identity.
I had informed Mr. Johnstone of my doubts as to the authenticity
of the eggs mentioned by Mr. Gould, on the authority of Cockerell,
who, I have been informed, did not actually take them himself,
the eggs in question having been brought to his companion Mr. J.
Thorpe by a black fellow. I have before me one of these xohite and
so-called Kail’s eggs, which I obtained from Mr. Thorpe on his return
with Cockerell from Cape York, and can only say that it is remarkably
like that of a Pigeon (!) in every respect.
The eggs forwarded by Inspector Johnstone, of the authenticity of
which I have not the slightest doubt, have a pale cream or whitish
ground-colour, sprinkled all over, but more thickly at the larger end
of some, with irregular-shaped spots of light reddish chestnut, and a
few of a lilac tinge appearing as if beneath the surface of the shell,
having the characteristic form, markings, and colour of all true
Rail’s eggs. They are four in number, in length T5 to 1*6 inch, in
breadth T07 to T1 inch. The nest was composed of a few leaves
and grass, and hidden among thick debris at the root of a tree in a
dense part of the scrub near Mr. Johnstone’s camp. The young on
leaving the egg are covered with a sooty-black down, having a dark
plumbeous tinge on the under surface.
The young at about five months old have the upper surface of a
dull dark brown tinged with olive and washed with light rufous brown
on the back of the neck ; the under surface is of a duller and more
plumbeous brown, with a faint wash of rufous brown on the chest
and under tail-coverts, which latter have two pale rufous bars on
each feather ; the under surface of the wings blackish dull brown, a
band of white spots near the base, and a similar band about the
middle of the quill-feathers ; bill olive-brown ; legs greenish olive ;
iris reddish brown. Total length 7 inches, wing 3*6, tail T5, tarsus
2 inches, bill *9.
1875.]
MR. S. HANLEY ON NEW INDIAN SHELLS.
GOo
4. Description of new Land and Freshwater Shells from
India. By Sylvanus Hanley, F.L.S. &c.
[Received September 20, 1875.]
The first two of these fine shells were collected by W. Theobald,
my coadjutor in the ‘ Conchologia ludica,’ and have been figured, but
not described, in that publication. As the specimens were unique,
they have been retained for some years in the hope of obtaining other
individuals ; for the common practice of describing from single speci-
mens should be avoided where practicable. The Cydophorus has
been delineated in the forthcoming final part of our joint work (pi. 144.
f. 0), the Ampullaria in the preceding one (pi. 115. f. 2).
1. Cyclophorus ophis, Hanl."
T. depressodurbiniformis^ satis magna^ late umbilicata, nitida^
solidiuscida, Icevigata^ brimneo et albido concentrice undata vet
nebulosa, ad basirn albida^macidis parvis diver siformibus spira-
liter fasciata ; spira satis elevata, apice livido. Anfractiis
valde convexiy 5|-(5, superne pauhdum planioreSy celeriter (ut-
thnus j)rcesertim) accrescentes ; sutura simplex. Apertura
albay permagnoy miice hianSy suborbicidaris, latior quam altay
infra bashn porrecta : labium acutuniy late reflexumy iindique
expansum.
Lat. circiter 2 poll.
Hab. Tenasserim,
Mus. Theobald.
This remarkable-looking shell reminds one of C. tuba in shape,
and C.siamensis in painting. Our specimen has an indistinct, inter-
rupted, whitish peripheral fillet; and its surface exhibits, when mag-
nified, some faint and close-set spiral wrinkles upon the upper portion
of the final volution.
2. Ampullarta THEOBALD!, Haul.
T. magnay soliday globosay nitiday sublcevigatay rugis incrementi
umbilicum magnum versus subplicata ; Jlavo-olivacea, antice
{prcesertim) vittis bimnneiSy et plerumque angustiSy ornata.
Anfractiis spirce vix elevatcCy et scepins erosccy lati brevesque .
Sutura profunday in adxdtis suhcanalicxdata. Apertura ellip-
tica ; faux chocolati colore tincta ; labium exteriiis albiduniy
seu favescensyfusco’-nigrescente subarticulatum ; labium interiiis
atrofuscum.
Long, et lat. 3| poll.
Hab. Bhamao, Birmah {Theobald).
Mus. Hanley.
This magnificent shell is named in honour of my coadjutor in
our illustrated Indian conehology, wherein it has been delineated.
It has the general aspect of A. zonatUy is broad in proportion to the
height, and has apparently no fillets near its profound suture. The
calcareous opercle is heavy, and within of a livid smoke-colour.
606
MR. S. HANLEY ON NEW INDIAN SHELLS. [Nov. 16,
The specimen described seems old, though in fine condition; of
course its characters will be modified in less-mature examples. I
state this because I suspect that some young fragile shells from the
Naga hills may prove identical.
3. Achatina (Glessula) senator, Hanl.
T, siibovato-conoideay nonnunquam angustio)\ tenuis, nitida, Icevi-
gata, chocolati colore tincta, vitta flavesceiite sen pallida con^
. ’ spiciie ornata, A.nfvactus convexi, multo latiores quam alti
{in exemplo imperfecto 6|), celeriter accrescentes, infra suturam
valde impressam vitta j^erangusta, et supra suturam vitta lata
{in anfractu ultimo paululum supra medium posita) picti, Spira
circiter dimidhan testce occupans; apex pallidior, subito obtusiis.
Columella brevis, pallidior, subito obtusus. Columella brevis,
pallida, arcuata, late truncata.
Long. 1.
Hab, In India meridionali.
Mus, Beddome, RL Andrew.
Only four specimens are known to me, all from the Cottyam Hills :
two are young and rather narrow in proportion to the fine but broken-
lipped exam])Ie I have described, which once belonged to the cele-
brated Indian conchologist W. Benson ; it will be figured in the
^ Conchologia Indica ^ (pi. 155. f. 4).
4. Achatina (Glessula) isis, Hanl.
T. tnrrito-subcylindracea, Icevis, tenuis, nitidissima, albida sen
pallida, nonnunquam vitta angusta fidva, lineis perparvis fulvis
confertis circumcincta : vitta variabilis sen scepius versum basim
anfractiium superioriim et supra medium anf, ultimi i^osita,
Anfractus circiter 10, convexi,sensim accrescentes, ad suturam
profundam sub lente obsolete subcrenati, multo latiores {ultimo
excepto) quam alti: apex obtusus, Apertura angusta, quartam
jmrtem totius altitudinis paululum super ans. Columella brevis,
arcuata, oblique contorto-truncata.
Long. 1^ poll., lat. ^ poll.
Hab, Indiam meridionalem.
Mus, Hanley.
A figure of this will be found in the * Conchologia Indica ’ (plate
155. f. 5). The hair-like lines and narrow fillet seem peculiar to
the species : the fillet, however, is neither constant, nor fixed as to
position.
5. Un]0 vulcanus, Hanl.
T, solida, incequilateralis, subovata, viridis, undique {nisi fortasse
ad extrcmitatem anticani) plicato-rugosa ; plicce {seu tubercula
elongata confluentid) undatim angulariter et oblique ordinates,
Margo dorsalis posticus et margoventralis convexi, siibparalleli,
Costa umbonalis nulla ; area postica nequaquam concava. Lu-
nula lata, hand mnltumimpressa, Margarita alba, vix minime
iridescens, Margo cardinalis latus ; dentes cardiaales solidi.
187o.j ON ALCYONCKLLUM SPKCIOSUM ETC. 607
lacerati ; in valvula sinistra dens lateralis inter duos valmdce
de octree insert us.
Long. 1 poll., lat. 1^ poll.
{Tab. Binnah, vel Pegu.
Mus. Hanley.
The beaks are eroded in our only specimen of a shell (Conch.
Indica, pi. 155. f. 3), which reminds us somewhat in structure of
the Unio tavoyensis of Gould. When held before a light the valves
ai)pear of a yellowisli green, richly embossed with zigzag ridges of a
darker or bluer verdure. The hinge is nearly the same as in U.favi-
dens of Benson, the central teeth being short and very complicated.
5. Further Observations on Alcyoncelhim speciostan^ Quoy et
Gaimard^ and Hyalonema mirabile^ Gray. By J. S.
Bowehbank^ LL.D., F.R.S.^ F.Z.S.^ &e.
[Eeceived September 24, 1875.]
On Wednesday the 8th September, 1875, I received ajar of spe-
cimens from Commodore Parish, of Hong-Kong, which he stated he
obtained from the * Challenger ’ when there. The specimens were
preserved in spirit in the condition in which they were taken from
the sea. They consisted of two specimens of Alcyoneellum speciosum
with their dermal membrane and sarcodous substance in a fine state
of preservation, one fine specimen of Hyalonema mirabile with
the basal sponge in fine condition and with its dermal membrane in
perfect preservation, and a fine head of a recent pentacrinite with
about three inches of its stem with side arms in a good state of pre-
servation. These specimens, especially those of Alcyoneellum spe~
eiosum and Hyalonema mirabile^ are exceedingly interesting, as their
perfect state of preservation enables us to complete our knowledge of
their anatomical peculiarities to a much greater extent than those, in
a more or less imperfect condition, with which we have hitherto been
acquainted. On mounting in Canada balsam small portions of the
two specimens of Aleyoneellum speciosum, I found in a fragment
from near the distal end of one of them the beautiful dermal expand-
sile system of reticulated structure, composed of slender I’ectangulate
sexradiate spicula, the distal ray of each terminated by a spinulo-
quadrifurcate sexradiate stellate spiculum, which is so beautifully
exhibited in the highly interesting skeleton of the specimen from a
sponge of the same species presented to me by my friend Dr. Millar,
and described by me in Part IV. of my " Monograph of the Siliceo-
fibrous Sponges,” in the Society's ‘Proceedings’ for 1875. The
complete envelopment of these beautiful tissues by the dermal sar-
code of the specimens in a natural state renders the identification
of these delicate defensive organs by no means an easy task ; and in
truth, without the indications of their forms and proportions af-
forded by Dr. Millar’s specimens, we could scarcely have hoped to
detect them in situ amidst the dense amber-coloured sarcode in
Proc. Zool. Soc. — 1875, No, XXXIX. 39
008
DR. J. S. BOWEKBANK ON ALCYONCELLUM
[Nov. 10,
which they are immersed. Their complete immersion in thesarcode
immediately beneath the dermal membrane indieates in a very satis-
factory manner their peculiar office as expansile portions of the
dermal system, and as organs of defence for the preservation of that
important )iovtion of the structure of the sponge.
The s]iecimen of Hyalonema mirabile is in a much finer state of
preservation than any of those which I formerly examined, and de-
scribed in the ‘Proceedings’ of this Society for 1867 ; and it has
enabled me to comjjlete the description of many parts of this extra-
ordinary speeies of sponge, which the dilapitated condition of the
specimens to which I then had access prevented me from determining
with accuracy.
The total height of the specimen received from the ‘ Challenger ’
is sixteen and a half inches. The basal spongeous portion is of a
conical form, two inches in height ; and the average diameter of the
base of the cone is two and a half inches. It is a fortunate cir-
cumstance that the basal membrane and that of the ripper or conical
portion of the spongeous mass are both in a perfect state of preser-
vation. The basal portion of attachment is very sinuous and irregular,
as if it had been adherent to an undulating surface which had been
of somewhat soft consistence, so that it had been, sep.arated from it
without the destruction of the basal membrane of the sponge. The
.apex of the spongeous mass closely embraces the spiral column of the
cloacal system ; and the lower part of the spiral column is completely
buried in the basal sponge. The coriinn, in a more or less perfect
state, extends from the apex of the spongeous cone for about seven
inches of the remaining portion of the spiral column of spicula ; the
remainder of which is bare, but spirally twisted to very near its distal
termination. The corium is studded with the usual mamilloid
oscular organs ; and none of them exhibited the slightest indication
of polypiferous contents, which we should naturally have expected
to find, had such parasitical creatures been present, in a living
specimen fresh from the se.-i, as the one in course of description evi-
dently was.
The adherent basal surface of the sponge has a distinctly m.arkcd
boundary-line, eonsisting of a well-produced slightly com|)ressed
projecting ridge of membrane ; and a differenee of the structure of
the basal and the upper portion of the dermal membrane is distinctly
visible to the unassisted eye. This difference in their aspects arises
from modifications in the reticular structures of the two parts to fit
them for their res])ective offices.
When sm.all portions of e.ach of the parts of the membrane were
mounted in Canada balsam, their differences in structure became
strikingly evident. The same forms of spicula were to a greater or a
less extent present in both, but the modes of their distribution and
arrangement were very different. The rete of the b<asal portion is
comparatively compact and strong, and closely apj)roaching regularity.
It is constructed with the long inflato-acerate spicula which are com-
mon to both parts of the membranous skeleton structure, but with ,a
considerable mixture of large rechangnlate sexradiate s))icula, which
1S75.] SPKCIOSUM AND HYALONEMA MIRAlllLE. GOD
«adds considerably to its strength ; and the membranes of the are<as are
abundantly supplied with the minute quadrihamate defensive spi-
cula, which are all disposed on the membrane on their flat surfaces.
In the structure of the upper portion of the dermal membrane the
rete is open and diffuse, and the areas assume an irregular elongate
form ; and the rete is composed only of large inflato-acerate spicula,
without apparently any intermixture of the large rectangnlate sex-
radiate ones, which are of such common occurrence iu the basal portion
of the membrane. Another distinctive structural difference is, that the
areas in the rete of the dermal membrane are furnished in a strikingly
beautiful manner with the spinulate cruciform defensive spicula,
which are abundantly disposed on all parts of the surface at nearly
equal distances from each other in a manner closely approaching
regularity ; and nearly all of them are projected at right angles to the
surface on which they are based. The minute quadrihamate spicula
so abundant on the basal membrane are very rarely to be detected
on the upper dermal one.
These structural modifications of the dermal membrane indicate
the difference in the respective offices of the two ]>arts of the animal
in a very striking manner ; but not to a greater extent than we may
observe in many sessile British sponges under similar circumstances.
A minute description of these characters of the respective parts of
the dermis of the sponge are especially necessary, as much misappre-
hension has existed in the minds of some naturalists as to the true
position of IJyalonema in its natural locality, some having imagined
that the pointed end w\as deeply plunged ii/to the bottom of the sea,
and that the sponge-mass was the distal termination of the animal.^
In all sponges with which I am acquainted, the attachments are
either adhesive, or clasping like the roots of Fuci, never penetrative
like the roots of plants that derive nutriment from the soil, which
sponges never do. The idea of the slender pointed distal termina-
tion of Hyalonema being plunged into the sea-bottom, and thus
supporting a heavy mass of sponge at its opposite end, is contrary to
all we really know of the usual hnbits of these animals in their natural
localities. In corroboration of this opinion, I may state that amongst
the various specimens of this species of sponge which I possess, I
have one thirteen inches in length, the distal extremity of which for
six inches of its length is completely enveloped by thecorium, which
has the usual mamilloid organs upon it up to the extreme apical
termination. These organs, which have been supposed to be polyp-
cells, would have been in a very strange position had they ever been
immersed in the soft substance of the sea-bottom. In further elu-
cidation of this subject, I m«ay refer my readers to an article on
Hyalonema in ‘Land and Water,’ for February 13, 18/1, p. 219,
written, I am informed, by a naval officer of the name of Templar.
He writes: — “For Dr. Bowerbank’s theory concerning Hyalonema,
‘ or the long glass-rope sponge,’ and his belief in the siticeous spicula
growing upwards, the sponge adliering to a rock, I have great respect
as well as belief. His friend, Mr. Henry Lee, wrote to me when in
Japan to try and discover ‘if such was the case and from what I
39*
GIO MR. A. G. BUTLER ON BUTTERFLIES [NoV. 1C,
could glean I found it was so. Two English gentlemen saw it
brought up by divers from the bottom, who stated it grew sponge
downward and spicula upwards. Upon stating this to an awful
authority of the British Museum he said, ‘ Pshaw! Japanese always
stuff up Europeans,’ and added by way of proof, ‘we hauled up some
the other day in the Bay of Biscay with a hook and line, and the
spongy stuff came up first, so it must be so/ ”
6. On a Collection of Butterflies from the New Hebrides and
Loyalty Islands, with Descriptions of new Species. By
Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.
[Received October 2, 1875.]
(Plate LXVII.)
It will be remembered that I published a list of the Butterflies of
the South-Sea Islands in the ‘ Proceedings * for 1874, in which I
enumerated 104 species, reported by various entomologists as occur-
ring in that interesting region. In the present paper I propose to
give a list of the species recently sent to the British Museum by our
indefatigable correspondent VV. Wykeham Perry, Esq., H.M.S. Pearl,
as the result of a short cruise through the New Hebrides.
Mr. Perry writes, “We made such a hurried run through the
group, that I had but a few hours to spend at each place which we
visited, and therefore less opportunity than I had hoped to have of
making a more varied collection.”
Notwithstanding the short time in which the whole of the species
were caj)tured, they represent a most interesting and instructive con-
signment, not only as clearing np difficulties respecting some of the
forms inserted with hesitation in my previous list, but because
nearly half of them are new to science — one or two being, moreover,
referable to genera which have ever been especial favourites with
lepidopterists.
Fortunately, Mr. Perry has sent good series of several of the com-
moner species ; so that their constancy is now firmly established, and
all doubt of their being variations or sports of other Butterflies is
at once set at rest.
The following is a list of the species.
1. Danais pumila, Boisduval.
Mare, Loyalty group. May 1875.
Previously only known from New Caledonia.
2. Danais hebridesia, n. sp. (Plate LXVII. fig. 6.)
2 . Allied to D. pumilay but considerably larger, the wings pro-
portionally longer ; primaries with the outer margin distinctly sub-
angulated below" the apex ; basal yellow area rather paler ; the sub-
apical band more oblique, and consequently longer ; secondaries
with the upper discocellular scarcely perceptibly angulated ; the
P.Z S ,1875. PI, LXVII.
NEV/ I.EPIDOPTERA FROM THE NEV/ HEBRIDES.
Mint«t n Bros lull
1875.]
FROM THK NEW HEBRIDES.
611
outer border broader^ dark brown, becoming reddish on the margin ;
wings below paler, the discoidal cell of secondaries without any trace
of longitudinal streaks : expanse of wings 2 inches 9 lines.
Aneiteum, New Hebrides, 22nd April 1875.
Danais pumila is a very constant and small species, measuring 2
inches 1-2 lines in expanse ; the female has come in this collection ;
I therefore have no hesitation in considering the above insect from
Aneiteum perfectly distinct.
3. Danais moderata, n. sp.
$ . Allied to D. hamata^ from which it differs in the reddish basal
costa of primaries, and in having all the subhyaline spots smaller,
narrower, and paler in colour ; wings below redder in tint : expanse
of wings 3 inches 5 lines.
Vate or Sandwich Island, New Hebrides, 28th April 1875.
D. hamata seems to have its representatives everywhere ; whenever
we receive an Indian or Indo-Australian collection, some form of it
is almost sure to come. The following are now in the collection of
the British Museum ; —
1. D. septentrionisy from India; 2. D, microstictayixoxa Borneo;
3. D, leiicopterUy New Guinea; 4. D, hamatay Australia; 5. D.
melittulay Upolu; 6. D. obscuratay Solomon Islands; 7. D. moderatUy
Sandwich Islands.
4. Euplcea HELCiTA $ , Boisduval.
Erromaugo Island, New Hebrides, 10th May 1875,
5. Euplcea lapeyrousii (Si Boisduval.
Havannah, Vate or Sandwich Island, 30th April, 1875; Mota
Island, New Hebrides, 5th May, 1875.
6. Euplcea torvina, n. sp.
S • Nearly allied to the preceding, with the same elongated seri-
ceous streak on upper surface of primaries, but slightly longer in
the wing, altogether deeper in colour, and with the marginal area
and anal angle of secondaries much less pale ; no subapical diffused
whitish streak in primaries ; the same differences below, but much
more evident, the costa of secondaries also nearly straight and the
lltura on first median interspace of primaries elongated into a streak:
expanse of wings 3 inches 1 line.
Aneiteum, 22nd April, 1875.
7. Calliplcea iphianassa Si $, Butler.
Aneiteum, New Hebrides, 22nd April, 1875.
Two forms of this species occur, one having the submavgiual spots
of primaries large towards costa, the other having them small ; this
modification is found in both sexes.
8. Calliplcea SERiATA? Herrich-Schalfer.
Mare, Loyalty group. May 1875.
(il2
MR. A. G. BUTLER ON BUTTERFLIES
[Nov. 1(],
One example is smaller tlian usual, and has lost most of the sub-
marginal spots on under surface of secondaries : the description by
Herrich-SchafFer is scarcely sufficiently explicit.
9. Calliplcea tulliolus $ , Fabricius.
Erroinango Island, New Hebrides, 10th May, 1875.
10. Melanitis TAiTENsis, Felder.
Aneiteum, New Hebrides, 22nd April, 18/5 ; Tanna, 23rd April
1875.
11. Melanitis solandra, Fabricius.
Tanna, New Hebrides, 23rd April, 1875 ; Vate or Sandwich, 30th
April, 1875.
Four examples of this form, exhibiting no variation on the upper
surface of the wings.
12. Mycalesis mutata, n. sp.
Nearly allied to 3/. hesione^ but deeper in colour, and with the
ocelli below separated by a space from the central white streak and
touching the submarginal lines : expanse of wings 1 inch 9 lines to
2 inches.
Erromango, New Hebrides, 10th May, 1875.
This is the first species of this genus hitherto recorded from the
South Seas; in marking it nearly approaches 37. cinerea: Mr. Perry
remarks respecting it, “ saw but few of these in Erromango, and
none in any other island.
13. Mycalesis lugens, n. sp.
Allied to 3/. lalassis ; ocelloid spot on upper surface of primaries
scarcely visible : wings below dull sepia brown, crossed at the middle
by a slightly irregular, continuous, slender, black-edged, whitish
line ; primaries with four ocelli (the first two placed obliquel}^ the
fourth largest), black, white-pu pilled, with dull odiraceous irides
and brown zones enclosed by a jiale brown line ; a ratlier wide simi-
ated marginal area pale brown, intersected by a blackish line :
margin black ; fringe pale brown ; secondaries witli seven ocelli,
(the first and fifth largest, the second and third smallest), similar to
those of primaries, but brighter in colour, marginal area as in
primaries ; body greyish brown : expanse of wings 1 inch 8 lines.
Vate or Sandwich Island, New Hebrides, 28th April, 1875.
This is most like the Bornean form of the series generally referred
to 3/. lalassis ; the latter requires examinatiou, as it clearly represents
several well-marked species.
14. Doleschallta herrichii, n. sp.
Dolesc/iallia Lisaltide, Herrich- Schaffer (nec Cramer).
This species, as I suj^posed, differs considerably from 1). bisallide,
as follows — primaries mncli less falcated, tlie black area deeper in
colour and covering half (he wing, the marginal area being much
FROM TllK NE^V HEBRIDES.
613
1875 .]
broader ; short ocbreous fascia beyond end of cell narrower and
deeper in colour ; the spot which follows it (at the end of the sub-
apical series of white spots) white or nearly white, and placed further
off; secondaries shorter, with the dark spots and sulmiarginal lines
blacker ; below, all the markings brighter and better defined, the
silvery spots present in the male, which is generally more deeply
coloured, whilst the female is paler in tint thani). bisaltidei expanse
of wings 2 inehes 10 lines to 3 inehes.
Evroinango Island, New Hebrides, May 1875.
15. Doleschallia montrouzieri, n. sp.
Nymphalis polibete, Montrouzier (nee Cramer).
Above very like the preceding species, but much smaller, the
lower black S])Ot of secondaries with a lilacinc pupil ; below much
like D. polibetCy but duller in colour, with the ocelli proportionally
larger and better defined : expanse of wings 2 inches 5 lines.
Vanua Levu, New Hebrides, 6th May, 1875.
This species cannot be mistaken for Z). polibete^ the upperside
being altogether brighter in colouring, with the black-brown area
much more sharply defined as in 2). hisaltide. It seems that I did
not go far enough in my anticipations with regard to Doleschallia ;
I expected only to see one new form from the South Seas, whereas
two have been discovered.
16. Charaxes clitarchus *, Hewitson.
Mar^ Loyalty group. May 1875.
This scarce and beautiful species has hitherto been unique in Mr.
Ilewitson’s collection from New Caledonia ; our example is rather
larger, and has the primaries slightly more falcated than the type ;
it also differs, in several unimportant points, in pattern and colo-
ration.
17. Diadema nerina, var. Fabricius.
Erromango, New Hebrides, lOth May, 1875.
One example of a handsome variety of Z>. nerina, in bad condi-
tion ; it approaches D. proserpina in colouring, but has the oblique
subapical band of primaries clouded with fulvous.
18. Diadema perryi, n. sp. (Plate LXVII. fig. 3.)
Size and form of D» montrouzieri: general character of pattern
as in 2>. pandarus,
cf . Wings above deep brown ; several streaks across the cell, a
broad oblique postmedian diffused band, and two submargiual
undulated bands separated only by a black line, pale bj'own ; a bifid
subapical costal spot placed obliquely on the subcostal branches, and
six rounded discal spots parallel to the margin, all white with a
narrow lilacine edging ; secondaries with the discal area from just
beyond tlie cell abruptly ]>aler, becoming tawny ocbreous externally,
and bounded near the outer margin by a scries of ochreous lunulatcd
* Exot. Butt. Y. Char. pi. ir. figs. 16, 17 (Oct. 1876).
MR. A. G. BUTLER ON BUTTERFLIES
6 I -4
[Nov. 16,
spots; centre ot discal area traversed by eight violaceous ocellated
spots with white pupils and black margins ; outer margin dark
brown intersected by a lunated paler brown line ; fringe white-spotted :
body black-brown : wings below paler than above, all the markings
lighter, the discal s])ots larger, pale blue with white centres and black
edges : body brown, legs and palpi streaked with white : expanse of
wings 3 inches 1 1 lines.
$ paler than the male, the lighter parts especially ; postmedian
band of primaries sordid white ; ocelli smaller : expanse of wings 3
inches 1 1 lines.
Erromango, New Hebrides, 10th May, 187o.
This is one of the finest species that has hitherto come from the
South Seas.
19. Atella bodenia, M. R. Butler.
Mare, Loyalty group. May 1875.
Much darker than the type from the Friendly Islands, and conse-
quently more like A, eyista, but smaller and darker ; I am now
satisfied that I was right in considering the A. egista of Herrich-
Schaffer synonymous with A. bodenia.
20. Lampides platissa, Herrich-Schaffer.
Erromango, New Hebrides, May 10th, 1875 ; Mar6, Loyalty
group. May 1875.
This spe.,ies seems to be very common.
21. Lampides samoa, Ilerrich-Schiiffer.
Erromango, New Hebrides, May 1875.
This species seems to me to be the L. caledonica of Felder.
22. Lampides armillata, n. sp.
S . Above copper-brown with violet reflections ; base blackish
with blue reflections ; marginal edge black ; fringe grey ; secondaries
with two subanal black spots bordered with yellowish brown ; body
blackish clothed with grey hairs; palpi white at the sides; antennae
white spotted with black above, club black above, tawny below ;
wings below stone-colour ; primaries with a spot at end of cell, a
slightly curved series across the disk, and a very indistinct marginal
series whity brown bordered with reddish brown and whitish ;
secondaries greyer than primaries, speckled with black at base ; a
spot at end of cell, a series all round it, and an indistinct marginal
series drab margined with dark brown and white ; marginal series
in both wings with central brown spots ; anal black spots spotted
with brilliant silver and bordered with straw-yellow : body grey,
speckled with black : expanse of wings 9 lines.
Vate or Sandwich Island, New Hebrides, 24th and 28th April.
1875. ^
23. Lampides deplorans, n. sp.
Allied to the preceding. Wings above dark grey, becoming
1875.J
FROM THE NEW HEBRIDES.
615
blackish at the extremities ; secondaries witli two indistinct black
subaual spots ; body black : wings below pale grey ; primaries with
outer niargin broadly brown, diffused internally ; a spot at end of
cell and an irregular transverse discal series grey, outlined with dark
brown and white ; secondaries with a constricted spot at end of cell
enclosed by a double series of spots grey, outlined with dark brown
and white; a discal series of lunules parallel to the margin and en-
closing a submarginal series of spots, the three nearest to anal angle
arge, black, speckled with metallic steel-coloured scales : extreiue
margin black, fringe brown, varied with sordid white ; body grev •
e.xpanse of wings 1 1 lines. J 6 J- •
Mare', Loyalty group. May 1875.
I was at first inclined to consider this the female of the precedino-
speeies ; but the outline bands of the underside do not quite agree"
and there are three instead of two metallic speckled spots in second-
aries; these differences, taking the different habitat into consideration
seem to indicate a distinct species.
24. Lampides CARissiMA, n. sp. (Plate LXVII. figs. 4, 5.)
Allied to L. candrena. ^ . Bright IMorpho-blue, with the outer
margin n^rowly black ; secondaries with two linear snbanal black
spots; abdominal margin brown; tail black, tipped with white:
body blaekish grey; collar white behind the eyes; frons with two
cieam-coloured lines ; palpi white below ; antennae black, annulated
with white below : wings below drab, with whitish -edged bands as
in L. mndrena; secondaries with two subaual black spots, speckled
with pale metallic-blne seales and bordered above by orange lunules-
2 hnes^*^^^^^^ white below : e.xpanse of wings 1 inch
5 . Above paler blue, with broad blackish grey borders along the
costa; and outer margins; seeondaries with a submarginal series of
blue-edged black spots ; abdominal margin brown ; body grey
thorax bluish, head as in the male ; underside nearly as in the male
but paler, all the markings well defined, edged with white : expanse
of wings 1 inch li line. ^
Erromaiigo, New Hebrides, May 10th, 1875.
We have this species in the collection of the British Museum from
the Navigators Islands.
25. Lampides candrena, Herrich-Schaffer.
Tanna, New Hebrides, 23rd April, 1875.
This and the preceding are two of the most beautiful of the small
blue butterflies ; they belong to the L.-democritus group.
26. Lampides evanescens, n. sp.
6y Allied to L. (elianus, from which it differs in the slio-htlv
shorter wings and broader black border to primaries above, the more
distinct marginal spots of secondaries, the greyer tint of the under-
side, with narrower and somewhat differently arranged transverse
white bands ; subanal black spots of secondaries smaller, with larger
MR. A. G. BGTLKR ON BUTTERFLIES
616
[Nov, l(i,
orange zone : expanse of wings, ^ 1 inch 2 to 4 lines, $ 1 inch to
1 inch 4 lines.
Erromango, New Hebrides, May 10th, 18/5.
The white bands on tlie under surface of secondaries are not sepa-
rated at such equal distances as in L, celianus.
27. Lampides ARGENTINA Erittwitz.
Tanna, New Hebrides, 23rd A|nil, 1875.
A rare species, of which we previously only possessed the male.
28. Lampides PERASiA c?, 2 , Felder.
Tanna, New Hebrides, 23rd A])ril, 1875.
29. LycvEna phcebe, Murray.
Vate or Sandwich Island, New Hebrides, 28th April, 1875 ;
Erromango, New Hebrides, May 1875.
The undescribed L. vommunis of Hcrrich-Schriffcr is this species,
of which I believe his Z. alsulus to be only a dark female. We
obtained most of his South-Sea Lyccenidce from the Godeffroy
Museum.
30. Lyc^ena caduca, n. sp.
Wings above lilac, primaries with the costa, apex, and outer margin
broadly dusky ; secondaries with the costal half and outer margin
dusky ; a siibmarginal series of blackish dots, margined internally by
sordid white lunules : body grey ; antennm black, annnlated with
white : wings below pale grey, fringes long, tipped with grey ;
primaries with a spot at end of cell, a discal transverse series of six
spots, and a snbmarginal series bounded internally by a connected
series of lunules, all dusky brownish, edged with white ; secondaries
with a spot at end of cell surrounded by an irregular double series of
spots, and a submarginal series bounded by lunules internally, all
coloured as in primaries ; body below white : ex[>anse of wings 9 to
10 lines.
Erromango, New Hebrides, May 1875.
This is one of the smallest of the blues ; it seems most nearly to
approach the L.-knysna group.
31. SconTANTiDES EXCELLENS,n.sp. (Plate LXVII. figs, I, 2).
Allied to S. cleotasy but differing in the male having the purple
colour spread over the primaries and the centre of secondaries, in the
absence of a black spot at end of discoidal cell, the black veins, and
the smaller orange patch on the secondaries.
cJ . Above shining dull violet, veins black ; primaries with the
outer margin narrowly greyish black ; secondaries with the costal
area grey, outer margin narrowly black, preceded on discoidal median
and interno-median interspaces by a sinuated quadrifid orange
l)atch ; abdonfinal margin grey ; body blackish, abdomen wdth
whitish margins to the segments ; aiitcnnoe black, annnlated with
white : eyes with a white zone; palpi white below: wings below grey,
1875 .]
FROM THK NEW HEBRIDES.
617
crossed by lar^e \vliite-ed<;cd black spots, nearly as in S. cleotas :
secondaries with a large orange patch ; body below sordid white •
expanse of wings 1 inch 5 lines.
2 . Black-brown above, with larger orange patch in secondaries :
otherwise as in the male : expanse of wings I inch 6 lines
laiina. New Hebrides, i!rd April, 1875.
32. Terias sulphurata, n. sp.
Nearly allied to r. (csiope, but of a sulphur- rather than a saffron-
yellow colour, the black margin of primaries also more perpendicular
above the sinus and ccnsequeiitly slightly narrower towards the costa ;
markings below not so much pronounced, but otherwise very like :
expanse of wings 1 inch 9 lines. ^
Mare, Loyalty group. May 1875. (Two examples.)
33. Terias variata, n. sp.
Only differs from the preceding in its much smaller size : expanse
of wings 1 inch 3 to 4 lines.
Erromango, New Hebrides, 10th May, 1875.
hrec examples of this form came, but much injured. ]Mr. Perry
icrnarks that they seem to be very common all over the New
Hebrides ; he, however, confounds the following small species with
them, the differences being slight between the various species in this
genus. ^
34. Terias iiebridina, n, sp. (Plate LXVII. fig. 8.)
Very like T. senpffalensis, but of a more sulphurous tint, smaller,
aud with the black border of primaries continued as a quadrate spot
along inner margin as in 2\ hecabe : exjianse of wings 1 inch 5-6
23rd April, 187.5; Erromango, New
Taima, New Hebrides,
Hebrides, 10th May, 1875.
^ve examples of this species came. It is probably the T. hecabe
of Hernch-Schaffer, and consequently of my list, although not the
same as the Australian example mentioned by me as in the British-
Museum collection.
35. Terias inanata, ii. sp.
Only differs from the preceding in the entire absence of markiii«'s
on the under surface of the wings : expanse 1 inch 5 lines. ^
6, Mota Island, 5th May, 1875 ; $ , Erromango, 10th May, 1875.
36. Terias fumilaris, n. sp. (Plate LXVII. fig. 7.)
Sulphur-yellow ; primaries with the costal margin blackish, outer
margin rather broadly and regularly brown-bordered, the border beino-
bisinuated within the median interspaces ; secondaries with brown
spots at terminations of the ncrvnres, sometimes concurrent ; body
blackish : wings below paler yellow ; nervures terminating in black
dots ; an annular marking at the terminations of the discoidal cells ;
secondfiries with an annular marking on the subcostal area near the
ON BUTTKRFMES FROM THE NEW HEBRIDES. [NoV. 16,
base ; body pale dull yellow ; expanse of wings 1 inch to 1 inch 3
lines.
Tanna, New Hebrides, 23rd April, 1876 ; Vate, New Hebrides,
30th April, 1875.
This species belongs to the T.~hecabe group, but differs from all
its allies in its narrow elongated primaries with more rounded apex :
the sinuatioii of the outer border is also much less marked ; so that
the insect has a very different aspect.
37. Catopsilia lactea, Butler.
d, Erromango, New Hebrides, 10th May, 1875.
The male is too much worn to be placed in the collection ; but the
female is quite fresh ; in all probability therefore the male appears
a month or so earlier than the female, as in many other butterflies.
38. Belenois PERisTHENE d, $ , Boisduyal.
Erromango, New Hebrides, May 10th, 1875.
Mr. Perry says that he observed this butterfly in Mare Island,
Loyalty group.” It seems to be a common species.
39. Belenois nabis d, Lucas.
Vate, 28th and 30th April, 1875 ; Erromango, New Hebrides, 10th
May, 1875.
The series sent by Mr. Perry (one pair of which was taken in
copuld), clearly demonstrates its identity with B*perklea of Felder.
40. Papilio HYPSiCLES, Hewitson.
Tanna, New Hebrides, 23rd April, 1875.
The example sent is smaller than the typical form, and does not
show the orange submarginal lunules on upper surface of secondaries.
41. Papilio abstrusus, n. sp.
Wings above black, fringe varied with cream-colour ; primaries
with a narrow postmedian oblique cream-coloured band separated
into seven divisions by the nervures, a subapical cream-coloured
litura, and five other less distinct squaraose submarginal iiturae ;
secondaries with a rather large cream-coloured patch, beginning at
costal nervure (where it is narrow) and continued to the b^ase of the
second median interspace, angularly irregular on its outer edge, and
having six divisions owing to its crossing the end of the cell ; two
elongated squamose creamy submarginal lunules between the tail and
anal angle; tail rather short, scarcely spatulate; a deep crimson spot
on inner margin, just below the abdominal fold : body deep brown,
head, collar, and margins of tegulae spotted with sordid pale yellow ;
antennae black : wings below black, fringe varied with cream-colour,
nervures at base and several parallel diverging lines from the base of
the discoidal cells pale yellow ; primaries with postmedian band and
subapical spot broader than on the upper sin face seven, well-marked
squamose cream-coloured submarginal lunules ; secondaries with the
patch of upper surface continued as a narrow band to the inner
G19
1875.]
MR. A. G. BUTLER ON BUTTERFLIES FROM FIJI.
margin and bounding a large oval orange-red spot on inner marein •
between the red spot and the broad central part of the creamy band’
a few scattered blue scales ; a discal snbmarginal series of laro^e
spots orange-red with creamy lateral edges ; body dull brown
palpi legs and venter streaked with pale yellow : expanse of win-s
3 inches 9 lines. i r t,
Mare, Loyalty group, May 18/5.
This is a most puzzling species : above it has somewhat the aspect
of P. nephelus with the hind-wing spot of P. helenus ; but below
it agrees better with P. godeffroyi than with any other Papilio at
present known to me. ^
With the preceding collection of butterHies Mr. Perry sent three
examples of a small Homopterous insect closely allied to Taraudia
australis of Walker, from \ at6 Island. He says, » This insect was
found numerous under the leaves of shrubs in dark parts of the
EXPLAiVATIOX OF PLATE LXVII.
Fi^ 1 1
± I exccllais, p. 010.
3. Biadema jyerri/i^ p. 013.
5. } cartssima, p. 015.
Fisr. 0,
0. Denials Jiehridesia, p. 010.
7. Terias pimilaris^ p. 017.
hehridhia, p. 017.
/. On a small Collection of Butterflies from Fiji.
By Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.
[Received October 20, 1875.]
. Perry has recently sent us the Lepidoptera
obtained during Ins late visit to the Fiji Islands— thirteen examples
referable to six species, as follows : — " ’
Family Nymphalid^.
Subfamily Danain^.
Genus Euplcea, Fabricius.
1. Eupliea PROSERPINA, Butler (four examples, nn. 266-069)
July.’ ^ ^ Levu, 3rd
I had not previously seen the female of this species ; it is rather
larger than the male, and the secondaries are slightly pder in riut •
all the white spots are larger, the inner margin of prinfaries straighteV
and the silky streak is absent. ■«'suier.
Subfamily Satyrin^.
Genus Xois, Hewitson.
2. Xois SESARA, Hewitson (two examples, nn. 26.3, 264)
6 2, Ovalau, 30th June, 1875.
This is a very common species.
G20 MR. A. G. BUTLER ON BUTTERFLIES FROM FIJI. [NoV. 16,
Subfamily Nymphalin^.
Genus Junonia, Hiibner.
3. Junonia villida, Fabricins (one example, n. 2C5).
5 , Ovalau, 30th June, 18/5.
Also a common species.
Genus Diadema, Boisduval.
4. Diadema pallescens, Butler (two examples, nn. 259 & 261).
(5, Ovalau, 30th June, 1875.
The male was not previously in the Museum collection ; it is most
like 2). alcmeneyhwt smaller, with smaller bluish spots above; below the
primaries are redder at the base, aud have an ohlicjue postmedian band
(as in the male of D. nerina) ; the secondaries also differ in the smaller
submarginal whitish spots, and in having a white central band :
expanse of wing 3 inches 6 lines.
Family Lyc/enid/e.
Genus Lampides, Hiibner.
5. Lampides candrena, Herrich-Schaffer (two examples, nn.
270 & 271).
(J, Vanua Levu, 3rd July, 1875.
Family Papilionid^.
Genus Papilio, Linnaeus.
6. Papilto scHMELTzi, Herricli-Schaffei* (two examples, nn.
260 & 262).,
cJ, Ovalau, 30th June, 1875.
Both examples of this rare and handsome species are in good con-
dition. It is highly satisfactory to have thus obtained Dr. Ilerricli-
Schiiffer’s species from the typical localities. I am also interested to see
that the Diadema auge of that author (but not of Cramer) is my D.
pallescens ; for it is additional evidence of the constancy of the latter
species : his remarks respecting it are as follows : —
Jedenfalls nur aberratio, im Habitus und der Zeichnnngsanlage
ganz mit polymena Fid. Nov. t. 55. f. 5, 6 iibereinstimmend, aber
beiderseits ohne schwarzen Streif vor dem Saume. Die O Seite ist
schmutzig ockergelb, gegen die W brauii, an dcr kleiiieren Spitzen-
hiilfte der Vfl und hinter der Zelle der Hfl wcisslich. Unten in Z
1 b und 2 vor dem Saume ein weisser, dunkel umzogener Qiierfleck.”
The above description suits D. j)ailescens $ in all respects, ex-
cepting, perhaps, the part relating to the spot in cells I b and 2,
which may or may not be correct, seeing that it is impossible to guess
what cells are meant.
1875.J
MR. A. G. BUTLER ON SPHINGID.E.
02 1
8. Descriptions of several new Species of Sphhigida;.
By Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.
[Reeeiyed October 20, 187^.]
Genus pRosKRPiN US, Pliibner.
1. Proserpinus .enotheroides, n. sp.
Size, form and pattern of P. cenotherce, but the primaries greyish
wdiite, witli the band and subapical spot dull brownish ochreous,'and
the external area yellowish olivaceous; black band of secondaries
rather narrower ; body grey, with the crest, middle of collar, tegulse
and dorsiun ochraceons; antennae shorter: wings below paler, witli
all the niai kings ocliraeeoiis or yellowish olivaceous instead of olive-
Mncli 10 hL^s* discoidal area brown : expanse of wings
Brazil. Tv e B M
If we had not obtained this from a collection of Brazihan'sphin^es’
and labell«l “Brazil,” I should hare considered it merely a pale
XoL ofilZspS: “ “
Genus Lophura, Walker.
1. Lophura himachala, n. sp.
Allied to L. masuriejisis, differs as follows: — altogether darker
the primaries with a black waved band from just beyond the end of
the cell to the outer margin, where it expands and curves downwards
to the external angle ; an irregular external black marking from apex
to first projection of outer margin ; all the pale markings obsolete -
secondaries with the outer border blacker and slightly narrower • outer
margin \raved, but not undulated ; e.xpanse of wings 1 inch 8 lines.
N.E. Himalayas (Farr). Type, coll. F. Moore.
2. Lophura sangaica, n, sp.
Also allied to L. masuriensis primaries much browner; a laro-e
slightly paler area, bordered by a blackish line, situated upon the
inner margin ; the dark line runs from external angle in a curve to
end of cell, and then obliquely downwards to the middle of the inner
marpn ; all the pale markings obsolete; secondaries with the external
border luore uniformly dark brown, not undulated, only half the width
not reaching the anal angle, but terminating in a small blackish spot •’
^ oJy grpyish, markings not defined : expanse of wings 1 inch 7
Type, coll. F. Moore.
3. Lophura erebina, n. sp.
Nearly allied to the preceding, differs from L. masuriensis as fol-
lows :-primaries b ackish brown, black transverse lines less distinct
pale markings obsolete; secondaries v\ith outer border much darker,*
022
MR. A. G* BUTLER ON SPHINGID^.
[Nov. 10,
about half the width, abruptly failing just before anal angle, outer
margin not undulated ; body greyish, markings obsolete : expanse
of wings 1 inch 7 lines.
N.W. India. Type, coll. F. Moore.
Genus Pergesa, Walker.
1. Pergesa mongoliana, n, sp.
Like a small example of P. velata from Darjeeling, but 'differing
as follows: — central Ijandof primaries above much less defined, more
oblique, touching the inner margin at external angle, only black at its
lower extremity ; remainder of the wing decidedly darker, so as to
obscure the markings ; discal area pale towards the apex and (in two
diffused spots) between first and second median interspaces ; secon-
daries with the pale streak sharply defined at anal angle, where it
forms a distinct, triangular, ochraceons spot; eyes and tegulse clearly
bordered with white ; sides of coxse and venter dull rose-colour :
primaries below with outer brown border wider, paler areas red, a
yellow patch towards apex, and a diffused yellow spot on second
median interspace ; secondaries red, greyish on interno-median area,
costa tinted wdth yellowish ; expanse of wings 2 inches 2 lines,
Nankow Pass, between Mongolia and China {Swinhoe).
Type, B.M.
The following is a description of the metamorphoses, from draw-
ings made by a native Japanese artist under the superintendence of
Mr. George Lewis : —
Larva, Whity brown at the sides, becoming gradually sandy brown
towards the dorsal region, wdiich is of a still deeper tint ; the sixth
and succeeding segments reticulated w^ith dark brown ; anterior por-
tion of dorsal region on each of these segments obliquely blackish,
quite black in front of the horn, which is normal in shape and tes-
taceous ; anterior segments slightly deeper iu colour, with two lateral
longitudinal lines, the inferior one indistinct and brown, the superior
one black and terminating on the fifth segment in a large bipnpillated
black ocellus with yellowish iris and black margin ; a subdorsal
blackish litura on the anterior segments ; head, venter, and claspers
greyish brown, spotted with whitish ; the feet black ; thoracic legs
testaceous : length 3 inches 1 line.
Pupa, Whity brown, clouded with grey, and mottled with whitish
below (particularly in front) ; anterior portion of segments reddish ;
a lateral longitudinal series of black spiracular spots, with whitish
borders : length 1 inch 5 lines.
The larva feeds upon balsam.
P. mongoliana appears to be not uncommon in Japan, and pro-
bably occurs also in China ; the larva is not unlike the darker form
of Chcerocampa lewisii.
Genus Ch^rocampa, Duponchel.
1. CniEROCAMPA PRUNOSA, 11. Sp.
Nearly allied to C, i-oainay the wings longer and narrower, altogether
1875.] MU. AV. H. HUDSON ON THE HABITS OF HERONS. 623
much darker in colouring ; primaries much more grey in tint ; costal
margin pale brown, not white ; all the bands narrower, the pale lines,
and the broad pale band much narrower, the latter intersected down the
centre (not within its inner half) by a brown line ; secondaries almost
black, the red band much deeper in colour and half the width ; body
darker ; the sides of the abdomen brassy rather than reddish golden :
wings below darker, external border much greyer ; sides of venter
more yellowish golden : expanse of wings 3 inches.
Ceylon (S/cinner). coll. F. Moore.
This is a well-marked southern representative of C. rosma.
2. Ch^EROCAMPA PUELLARIS, n. sp.
Nearly allied to C. oldenlandice, considerably smaller, and alto-
gether paler in colouring; primaries comparatively broader and
shorter ; the bands broader and slightly waved ; secondaries with the
pale band wider and wdiity brown ; body with the bands broader,
silvery border of tegulae strongly marked : wings below paler, ex-
ternal border whiter ; pectus whiter, venter without longitudinal
central whitish streak : expanse of wings 2 inches.
Rawul Pindi (Hellard), Two examples, coll. F. Moore,
This is a well-marked and interesting little species.
3. CHiEROCAMPA INTERSECTA, U. Sp.
Nearly allied to C. silhetensisy but narrower in the wings ; the
black oblique band of primaries narrower and straighter ; the pale
buff band almost immediately following it considerably narrowed,
owing to the fact that the innermost of the five discal dusky lines is
placed further from the margin, and consequently runs exactly through
its centre ; pale rosaceous band of secondaries broader, more uni-
form in width ; body darker above, lateral streak on abdomen less
golden, dorsal line more silvery ; markings below less defined :
expanse of wings 2 inches 6 lines.
Queensland {Jansori). Type, B.M.
This is evidently the Australian representative of C. sUhetensis,
Genus Diludia.
Under this genus I should wish to correct an error which has ac-
cidentally crept into a former paper.
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 260, n. 57 : For Diludia rufescenSy read Diludia
rubescens.
This is important, as the name inifescens has been used before.
9. On the Herons of the Argentine Republic^ with a Notice
of a curious Instinct of Ar delta involucris. By W. H.
Hudson, C.M.Z.S.
[Received October 30, 1875.]
I have observed Herons a great deal, aud am strongly inclined to
adhere to Buffon^s opinion that they are wretched, indigent birds,
Proc. Zool. Soc. — 1875, No. XL. 40
G24 MR. w. II, HUDSON on the iiAmTS OF HERONS. [Nov. 15,
condemned by the imperfections of their organs to a perpetual
stmglge with misery and want.
Much as the different species vary in size, from the Ardea cocoi
to the diminutive Variegated Heron of Azara {Ardetta involucris)^
no bigger than a Snipe, there is yet much sameness in their confor-
mation, language, flight, nesting and other habits. They possess a
snake-like head and neck, and a sharp taper beak, with which they
transfix their prey as with a dart — also the serrate claw about
which so much has been said, and which has been regarded as an
instance of pure adaptation. A curious circumstance has come under
my observation regarding Herons. Birds in poor condition are very
much infested with vermin ; whether the vermin are the cause or effect
of the poor condition, I do not know ; but such is the fact. Now in
this region (the Argentine Bcpublic) Herons are generally very poor,
a good-conditioned bird being a very rare exception ; a majority of
individuals are much emaciated and infested with intestinal worms ;
yet I have never found a bird infested with lice, though the Heron
would seem a fit subject for them, and in the course of my rambles I
have picked up many individuals apparently perishing from inanition.
I do not wish to insinuate a belief that this immunity from vermin
is due to the pectinated claw ; for though the bird does scratch
and clean itself with the claw% it could never rid the entire plumage
from vermin by this organ, which is as ill adapted for such a purpose
as for ‘^giving a firmer hold on its slippery prey/’
The Spoonbill has also the serration, and is, unlike the Heron, an
active vigorous bird, and usually fat ; yet it is much troubled with
parasites, and I have found birds too weak to fly and literally
swarming with them.
I merely wdsh to call the attention of ornithologists to the fact that
in the region where I have observed Herons, they are exempt in a
remarkable degree from external parasites.
Much has also been said about certain patches of dense, clammy,
yellowish down under the loose plumage of Herons. These curious
appendages may be just as useless to the bird as the tuft of hair on
its bosom is to the Turkey-cock ; but there are more probabilities the
other way, and it may yet be discovered that they are very neces-
sary to its welhbeing. Perhaps these clammy feathers contain a
secretion fatal to the vermin by which birds of sedentary babits are
so much afflicted, and from which Herons appear so strangely free.
They may even be the seat of that mysterious phosphorescent light
which some one has affirmed emanates from the Pleron’s bosom when
it fishes in the dark, and wdiich serves to attract the fish, or to render
them visible to the bird. Naturalists have, I believe, dismissed the
subject of this light as a mere fable without any foundation of fact ;
but real facts regarding habits of animals have not nnfrecjuently been
so'treated. Mr. Bartlett’s interesting observations on the Flamingoes
in the Society’s Gardens, show that the ancient story of the Pelican
feeding its young on its own blood is perhaps only a slightly embel-
lished account of a common hahit of the bird. The story of the
scoipion ^^girt by fire” turning its weapon upon itself, may also be
xiT "cl gzsry ;
I
GAZELLA GRANTI U 25
I
i
m
r
lS/5.] MR. W. H. HUDSON ON THE HABITS OF HERONS. 625
adduced ; for whenever naturalists who have the opportunity take
pains to investigate the matter, they will find the so-called fable
simple fact — also that some excessively irritable individuals do not
require to be surrounded by fire, but will sting themselves to death
when merel}^ teased with a stick. The argument I have used is weak
enough ; but until the contrary is conclusively shown, it is reasonable
to assume that the clammy patches are of some advantage to the
Heron.
I have not observed Herons fishing by night very closely ; but
there is one fact inclines me to believe it probable that some species
might possess the light-emitting power in question. I am satisfied
that the Ardea cocoi possesses as keen a vision by day as any
feathered creature, Raptores exeepted : the streams on the level
pampas are so muddy that a fish two inches below the surface is
invisible to the human eye ; yet in these thick waters the Herons
fish by night aud by day. If the eye is adapted to see so well in
the day, how ean it see so well at night, and uuder sueh unfavourable
eircumstances, without some such extraneous aid to vision as the
attributed luminosity ?
Herons, of all birds, fly the slowest ; but though ineapable of pro-
gressing rapidly when moving directly forward, when pursued by a
Raptor the Heron performs with marvellous ease and grace an aerial
feat unequalled by any other bird, viz. that of rising vertically to an
amazing height in the air. The marvellous ease and celerity with
which the pursued ascends until it becomes a mere speck in the blue
zenith, the hurried zigzag flight of the pursuer, rising every minute
above its prey, only to be left below again by a single flap of the Heron’s
wings, forms a sight of such grace, beauty, and power that the mind
of the beholder is filled with delight and astonishment. I believe
these displays are unfrequent ; for I have spent many years in regions
abounding in Hawks and Herons, and have very rarely seen a Heron
attacked.
When the enemy comes to close quarters, the Heron instinctively
throws itself belly up to repel the assault with its long crooked
cutting claws. All Raptorial species possess a similar habit ; and the
analogous correlation of habit and structure in genera otherwise so
widely separated is very curious. The Falcon uses its feet to strike,
lacerate, and grasp its prey ; the Heron to anchor itself firmly to its
perch ; but for weapons of defence they are equally well adapted, and
are used in precisely the same manner. The Heron, with its great
length of neck and legs, its lean unballasted body, large wings and
superabundance of plumage, is the least suited of birds to perch high ;
but the structure of the feet renders it perfectly safe for it to do so.
Thus the Heron is enabled to sit on a smooth enamelled rush, or on
the summit of a tree, and doze securely in a wind that, w^re its feet
formed like those of other waders, would blow it away like a bundle
of dead feathers.
In the Variegated Heron {Arietta involucris)y the least of the
tribe, the perching-faculty probably attains its greatest perfection,
and is combined with locomotion in a unique and wonderful manner,
40 ^
62G MR. W. H. HUDSON ON THE HABITS OF HERONS. [Nov. 16,
This little Heron frequents beds of reeds growing in rather deep
water. Very seldom, and probably only accidentally, does it visit the
land ; and only when disturbed does it rise above the reeds ; for its
flight, unlike that of its congeners, is of the feeblest : but it lives
exclusively amongst the reeds, that, smooth as a polished pipe-stem,
rise vertically from water too deep for the bird to wade in. Yet the
Heron goes up to the summit or down to the surface, and moves
freely and briskly about amongst them, and runs in a straight line
through them almost as rapidly as a Plover runs over the bare level
ground.
Unless I myself had been a witness of this feat, I could scarcely
have credited it ; for how does it manage to grasp the smooth ver-
tical reeds quickly and firmly euough to progress so rapidly without
ever slipping downward through them ? I will return anon to this
bird to give an account of an instinct it possesses far more interesting
than the one I have just recorded.
Another characteristic of Herons is that they carry the neck, when
flying, folded in the form of the letter S. At other times the bird
also carries the neck this way ; and it is, indeed, in all long-necked
species the figure the neck assumes when the bird reposes or is in
the act of watching something below it ; and the Herou’s life is
almost a perpetual watch. Apropos of this manner of carrying the
neck, so natural to the bird, is it not the cause of the extreme wari-
ness observable in Herons? -Herons are, I think, everywhere shy
of disposition ; with us they are the wildest of’water-fowl ; yet there
isrno reason for their being so, since they are never persecuted.
; Birds ever fly reluctantly from danger ; and all species possessing
the advantage of a long neck, such as the Swan, Flamingo, Stork,
Spoonbill, &c., will continue with their necks stretched to their
utmost capacity watching an intruder for an hour at a time rather
than fly away.
But in the Herons it must be only by a great effort the neck can
be wholly unbent; for- even if the neck cut out from a dead bird be
forcibly straightened and then released, it flies back like a piece of
india-rubber to its original shape. Therefore the effort to straighten
the neck, invariably the first expression of alarm and curiosity, must
be a painful one ; and to keep it for any length of time in that posi-
tion is probably as insupportable to the bird as to keep the arm
straightened vertically would be to a man. Thus the Heron flies at
the first sight of an intruder, whilst the persecuted Duck, Swan, or
other fowl continues motionless, watching with outstretched neck,
participating in the alarm certainly, but not enduring actual physical
pain.
Doubtless in many cases habits react upon and modify the struc-
ture of parts ; and in this instance the modified structure has appa-
rently reacted on and modified the habits. In seeking for and taking
food, the body is required to perform certain definite motions and
assume repeatedly the same attitudes ; this is most frequently the
case in birds of aquatic habits. A facility for assuming at all times,
and an involuntary falling into, these peculiar attitudes and gestures.
1875.J MR. W. H. HUDSON ON THE HABITS OF HERONS, 027
appears to become hereditary ; and the species in which they are most
noticeable seem incapable of throwing the habit or manner off, even
when placed in situations where it is useless or even detrimental.
TringcB rapidly peck and probe the mud as they advance ; Plovers
peck and run, peck and run again. Now I have noticed scores of
times that these birds cannot possibly lay aside this habit of pecking
as they advance ; for even a wounded Plover running from his pursuer
over dry barren ground, goes through the form of eating by pausing
for a moment every yard or so, pecking the ground, then running on
again.
The Scolopax frenata, and probably other true Snipes, possesses
the singular habit of striking its beak on the ground when taking
flight. In this instance has not the probing motion, performed in-
stinctively as the bird moves, been utilized to assist it in rising?
Grebes on land walk erect like Penguins, and have a slow awkward
gait ; and whenever they wish to accelerate their progress, they throw
themselves forward on the breast and strike out the feet as in swim-
ming.
The Glossy Ibis feeds in shallow water, thrusting its great sickle
beak into the weeds at the bottom at every step. When walking on
land it observes these motions, and seems incapable of progressing
without plunging its beak downwards into imaginary water at every
stride.
The Spoonbill wades to its knees and advances with beak always
immersed and swaying itself from side to side, so that at each lateral
movement of the body the beak describes a great semicircle in the
water ; a flock of these birds feeding reminds one of a line of mowers
mowing grass. On dry ground, the Spoonbill seems unable to walk
directly forward like other birds, but stoops, keeping the body in a
horizontal position, and, turning from side to side, sweeps the air with
its beak, as if still feeding in the water.
In the foregoing instances (and I could greatly multiply them),
in which certain gestures and movements accompany progressive
motion, it is difficult to see how the structure can be in any way
modified by them ; but the preying attitude of the Heron, the
waiting motionless in perpetual readiness to strike, has doubtless
given tlie neck its very peculiar form.
Two interesting traits of the Heron (and they have a necessary
connexion) are its tireless watchfulness and its insatiable voracity ; for
these characters have not, I think, been exaggerated even by the most
sensational of ornithologists.
In birds of other genera, repletion is invariably followed by a
period of listless inactivity during which no food is taken or required.
But the Heron digests his food so rapidly that, however much he
devours, he is ahvays ready to gorge again ; consequently he is not
benefited by what he eats, and appears in the same state of semi-
starvation when food is abundant as in times of scarcity. An old
naturalist has suggested as a reason for this, that the Heron, from
its peculiar manner of taking its prey, requires fair weather to fish —
that during spells of bad weather, when it is compelled to suffer the
G28 MR. W. II. HUDSON ON THE HABITS OF HERONS. [NoV. Hi,
pangs of famine inactive, it contracts a meagre consumptive liabit of
body, which subsequent plenty cannot remove. A pretty theory ; but
it will not hold water ; for in this region spells of bad weather are
brief and infrequent ; moreover all other species that feed at the
same table with the Heron, from the little flitting Ceryle to the
towering Flamingo, become excessively fat at certain seasons, and are
at all times so healthy and vigorous that, compared with them, the
Heron is but the ghost of a bird. In no extraneous circumstances,
but in the organization of the bird Itself must be sought the cause of its
anomalous condition : it does not appear to possess the fat-elabora-
ting power ; consequently no provision is made for a rainy day, and
the misery of the bird consists in its perpetual, never-satisfied, craving
for food.
Some writers have expatiated on the extreme insensibility aud
apathy of the Heron, even charging it with neglect of self-preserva-
tion. This is not true ; Herons have as keen a sense of danger as
other birds, and their insensibility is only apparent.
We have seen how the Spoonbill, Ibis, and other species, when
out of the water, continue to observe motions and assume attitudes
practised when feeding ; yet these birds require to be active, have a
variety of movements and satisfy their hunger in less time than the
Heron. The Heron has but one attitude, motionless watchfulness ;
so that when not actually on the wing or taking the few desultory
steps it occasionally ventures on, and in whatever situation it may be
placed, the level ground, the summit of a tree, or in confinement,
it is seen drawn up, motionless and apparently apathetic.
But when we remember that this is the bird’s attitude during many
hours of the night and day, when it stands still as a reed in the water —
that in such a posture it sees every shy and swift creature that glances
by it, and darts its weapon with unerring aim and lightning rapidity,
and with such force that I have seen one drive its beak quite through
the body of a fish very much too large for the bird to sw^allow and
cased in bony armour, it is impossible not to think that it is obser-
vant and keenly sensible of every thing going on about it.
I have made myself partially acquainted with the habits of eight
of our Herons ; but there is such a sameness in the way of life of these
birds that most of what I could say about them would read like a
mere repetition of what has been recorded concerning other species.
The Cocoi {Ardea cocoi) and the Common Heron of Europe,
widely separated as are the continents they inhabit, are identical in
habits.
The Argentine Nycticorax has one curious habit, but, apart from
this, is like the Night-Herons found elsewhere. It lives in colonies
of often more than fifty individuals, and perches aloft by day where
trees abound; but the bird is also common in the marshes on the
treeless pampas. Here the Night-Heron constructs platforms to
perch on by breaking and bending the reeds across each other; this
false nest is about a foot in diameter and ten or fifteen inches above
the water.
A pair of Cocois frequenting a stream close to a house I once lived
1875.] MR. W. H. HUDSON ON THE HABITS OF UK HONS. 621)
in several months, built two false nests on the water, ten or twelve
yards from the shore.
It is worthy of notice that the Mxjopotamns coypus has a similar
habit. The Coypus make great burrows in the banks of the water-
courses they inhabit, but appear to use them, at least where there are
reeds, only as a refuge from danger and to bring forth their young in ;
for they also build platforms of reeds and pass the day lying on them.
In some watercourses in Patagonia the Coypu (and it is there a third
larger than the variety found on the pampas) has quite dropped the
burrowing habit, doubtless on account of the sand and gravel soil,
and lives entirely amongst the reeds, the female bringing forth her
young on the reed platforms or nests.
I will give a fuller account of the little Variegated Heron, Ardetta
inmlucris (Vieill.)*, and particularly of its instinct of self-preser-
vation.
The Variegated Heron is a silent solitary bird, frequents the marshy
borders of the Plata, and is occasionally found in the reed-beds scat-
tered over the pampas. It breeds amongst the close-growing rushes,
and lays three spherical eggs of a rich lively green and beautiful beyond
comparison.
The nest is a simple platform structure several inches above the
water, and so very small that there hardly seems room enough on it
for the eggs, whieh are very large for the bird. When one looks
down upon them, they cover and almost hide the nest from view,
and, furthermore, being green like the surrounding rushes, are not
easy to discover.
When driven from its haunt, the bird flies eighty or a hundred
yards oflp, and drops again amongst the rushes ; it is diflScult to flush
it a second time, but a third impossible. And a very curious cir-
cumstauce is that it also seems quite impossible to find the bird in
the spot where it finally settles. Being found in places where one
can only enter on horseback, I could never succeed in shooting spe-
cimens when I wanted them, and was obliged to employ some Gancho
boys, who had dogs trained to hunt young ducks, to try for the little
Heron. They procured me a few specimens, and told me that,
without the aid of their dogs, they could never succeed in finding the
bird, though they always marked the exact spot where it alighted.
This I attributed to the slender figure it makes, and to the colour of
the plumage so closely resembling that of the withering yellow and
spotted reeds always to be found amongst the green ones; but I
did not know for many years that the bird possessed a marvellous
* lu a paper by Messrs. Sclater and Salvin on Buenos-Ayres birds, published
in the Society’s ‘Proceedings’ (1SG9, p. C34), Ardetta erythromclas given as
a synonym of A. involacris\ but it is added: — “We are, however, inclined to
doubt very much whether tliis is really the young of A. erythromelas, as referred
by Bonaparte, Burmeister, and other aiitliors, and prefer waiting for other
examples before arriving at a definite conclusion on this point.” Closely as the
two birds are related in form and colour, the difiercuce in size might well induce
a doubt as to their being merely the young and adults of one species. Tn Buenos
Ayres A. involucris is not imconinion, but T have never met with A. erytkromelas.
nor do I believe it ranges so far south.
630 MR. \V. H. HUDSON ON THE HABITS OF HERONS. [Nov. 16,
instinct that made its peculiar conformation and imitative colour far
more advantageous than they could be of themselves.
One day in November 1870, when out shooting, I noticed a little
Heron stealing off quickly through a bed of rushes, thirty or forty
yards from me ; he was a foot or so above the ground, and went so
rapidly that he appeared to glide through the rushes without touch-
ing them. I fired, but afterwards ascertained that in my hurry I
missed my aim. The bird, however, disappeared at the report; and
thinking I had killed him, I went to the spot.
It was a small isolated bed of rushes I had seen him in ; the mud
below and for some distance round was quite bare and hard, so that
it would have been impossible for the bird to escape without being
perceived ; and yet, dead or alive, he was not. to be found. After
vainly searching and researching through the rushes for a quarter of
an hour, I gave over the quest in great disgust and bewilderment,
and, after reloading, was just turning to go, when, behold ! there
stood my Heron on a reed, no more than eight inches from, and on
a level with, my knees. He was perched, the body erect and the point
of the tail touching the reed grasped by its feet ; the long slender,
tapering neck was held stiff, straight and vertically ; and the head and
beak, instead of being carried obliquely, were also pointing up. There
was not, from his feet to the tip of the beak, a perceptible curve or
inequality, but the whole was the figure (the exact counterpart) of a
straight tapering rush : the loose plumage arranged to fill inequali-
ties, the wings pressed into the hollow sides, made it impossible to
see where the body ended and the neck began, or to distinguish head
from neck or beak from head. This was, of course, a front view ; and
the entire under surface of the bird was thus displayed, all of a uni-
form dull yellow like that of a faded rush. I regarded the bird
wonderingly for some time ; but not the least motion did it make. I
thought it was wounded or paralyzed with fear, and, placing m)" hand
on the point of its beak, forced the head down till it touched the
back ; when I withdrew my hand, up flew the head, like a steel
spring, to its first position. I repeated the experiment many times
with the same result, the very eyes of the bird appearing all the
time rigid and unwinking like those of a creature in a fit. What
wonder that it is so difficult, almost impossible, to discover the bird in
such an attitude ! But how happened it that while repeatedly walking
round the bird through the rushes I had not caught sight of the
striped back and the broad dark-coloured sides ? I asked myself this
question, and stepped round to get a side view, when, mirabile diciuy
I could still see nothing but the rush-like front of the bird! His
motions on the perch as he turned slowly or quickly round, still
keeping the edge of the blade-like body before me, corresponded so
exactly with my own that I almost doubted that I had moved at all.
No sooner had I seen the finishing part of this marvellous instinct of
self-preservation (this last act making the whole entire), than such a
degree of delight and admiration possessed me as I have never before
experienced during my researches, much as I have conversed with
wild animals in the wilderness, and many and perfect as are the in-
I
f
t
J
k
m
P Z.S.1876 Pl.bXVlil
itcy
^ F-Xischdel j bituihUv
"■Vp '
GOURA GCHEGPMAKERT
1875 .] DR. O. FINSCH ON A NEW CROWNED PIGEON. 631
stances of adaptation I Lave witnessed. I could not finish admiring,
and thought that never had any thing so beautiful fallen in my way
before ; for even the sublime cloud-seeking instinct of the White
Egret and the typical Herons seemed less admirable than this ; and for
some time I continued experimenting, pressing down the bird’s head
and trying to bend him by main force into some other position ; but
the strange rigidity remained unrelaxed, the fixed attitude unchanged.
I also found, as I walked round him, that, as soon as 1 got to the
opposite side and he could no longer twist himself on his perch, he
whirled his body with great rapidity the other way, instantly pre-
senting the same frOxit as before.
Finally I plucked him forcibly from the rush and perched him on
my hand, upon which he fiew away ; but he flew only fifty or sixty
yards off, and dropped into the dry grass. Here he again put in
practice the same instinct so ably that I groped about for ten or
twelve minutes before refinding him, and was astonished that a
creature to all appearance so weak and frail should have strength
and endurance sufficient to keep its body rigid and in one attitude
for so long a time.
10. Ou a new Species of Crown-Pigeon.
By Otto Finsch^ Ph.D.^ C.M.Z.S.
[Keceived November 8, 1875.]
(Plate LXVIII.)
Goura scheepmakeri, sp. nov, (Plate LXVIII.)
Slate-blue ; wings and tail darker, the latter with a broad ashy
apical margin ; crop and breast of a dark vinaceous purplish brown ;
vent, lower flanks, and under taii-coverts of a lighter slate-blue than
the upper parts ; wings and tail at the inner webs and from below
slate-black ; the first six wing-coverts of the secondaries whitish ashy,
narrowly tipped with blackish, the remaining coverts of the secon-
daries slate-black like the first row of the upper wing-coverts ; the
light whitish ashy area on the middle of the wing therefore margined
above by a broad black cross band ^ remaining upper wing-coverts
blackish, with dark slate-grey apical margins, the upper wing-
coverts therefore darker than the back ; lower wing-coverts slatc-
black ; lores and eye-region black, forming a conspicuous area
which extends to the base of the crown-feathers ; a very high and
compressed semicircular crest of a pale ashy colour passing into
whitish ashy under certain lights, at the base bluish ashy ; this crown,
of which the longest feathers are about 5| inches long, is composed
in the same manner as in (?. coronata, by the hairy radii being dis-
united and dispersed from the straight rbachis in an acute angle.
Bill dark horn-colour, with a pale tip ; feet blackish brown, toes
lighter, nails blackish.
Long. ala\ caud. culm.
12"' 0"' p" l(i”'
tars.
3'" 2
ftt
uug.
f-in
/
riet.
23'"
dig. med.
19 "'
632 DR. O. FINSCH ON A NEW CROWNED PIGEON. [NoV. 16,
The specimen above described I obtained by chance from a dealer
in Holland. When at tlie Gardens of the Zoological Society at
Amsterdam, Mr. Westerman called my attention to a living specimen
of Gouray which he believed to be new*, and which proved to be of
the same species as my specimen. From my description, how-
ever, this specimen differs in some respects, having the throat and
the smaller upper wing-coverts also vinaceous purplish brown, and the
anterior coverts of the secondaries more decidedly whitish and tipped
with purplish brown ; otherwise the specimens agree in every respect.
These differences probably depend on age or sex.
In the living bird the eyes are deep red, the legs and feet red, the
bill blackish with pale tips.
This remarkable new Crown-Pigeon is intermediate between the
two known species. It agrees with G. victorice in size and the colo-
ration of the uiiderpartSj but differs in the composition of the crown-
feathers, which exactly resemble those of G. coronata. In G. vic-
iori(B these feathers are totally different, having a regularly w^ebbed
triangular disk at the apex, bordered very distinctly at the tip with
white. G. coronaloy of which the Leyden Museum possesses a
series of nineteen sj^eciinens, never has the throat and breast purplish
browu, but, on the contrary, has the back of this colour. As we
know from the interesting account of Mr. Mitchell (P. Z. S. 1849,
p. 169, t. xii.), G. coronata (male) and G. victories (female) paired
and produced a hybrid in the Gjirdens of this Society, which unfor-
tunately died in a few days. Having regard to this fact we might
incline to believe this new Goitra to be a hybrid ; but if this w^ere really
the case, the formation and composition of the crown-feathers would
no doubt prove to be intermediate between those of the two parents.
This is not the case in my specimen, which, in regard to the crest,
agrees throughout with G. coronata ; and so I cannot believe it to be
a hybrid. I may remark that G. coronata shows great variation in
colour according to its localities. Specimens from Sorong, on the
west coast of New Guinea, opposite the island Salawatti, have the
sides of head and nearly the whole of the under surface black ; and
this is also the case in specimens from the island of Waigiou
(G. coronata minor y Sclileg.) and from Mysol (“ abdomen et bas-
ventre noir,’’ Schlegel), But as between these black-varied speci-
mens and those in the ordinary dress, there are many intermediate
forms, and as, on the other hand, both forms occur in the same
locality, I do not venture to consider the black-bellied form a distinct
species.
Following the wishes of my esteemed friend Mr. Westerman, who
wishes to express the feelings of thanks of himself and of the Royal
Zoological Society of Amsterdam, I have the pleasure of naming this
new species after Mr. C. Scheepmaker, of Soerabaya, who has pre-
sented to the Society many rare animals, and to whom also belongs the
credit of having sent home the first specimens of this interesting new
Goui'a,
Although the exact localities of my specimen and of that in the
* See notice of the same bird by Mr. Sclater, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 380.
18 / 5 .] letter FROM MR. H. A. WICKHAM. OoO
Amsterdam Gardens are unknown, I am fortunate in being able to
giv'c the south end of New Guinea, opposite Nule Island, as the tine
habitat of Goura scheepmakeri, having been kindly informed by Mr.
Sclater that several specimens of it are contained in the last collection
sent to the Civic INIuseum of Genoa, by the indefatigable Italian
traveller Signor d’ Albertis, from that locality.
December 7, 1875.
George Busk, Esq., F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair.
The following report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie
during the month of November 1875 was read by the Secretary: —
The total number of registered additions to the Society’s Mena-
gerie during the month of November 1875 was 98, of which 2 were
by birth, 35 by presentation, 38 by purchase, 4 by exchange, and 19
were received on deposit. The total number of departures during
the same period, by death and removals, was 124.
The most noticeable additions during the month were : —
1. A female Beisa Antelope {Oryx beisa) from Eastern Africa,
presented by H.H. the Sultan of Zanzibar, and received November
8, 1875. This addition is the more welcome, as it makes a pair to
the male of the same species presented by Admiral A. Gumming,
R.N., in 1874. I believe that this is the only pair of this fine
Antelope in Europe.
2. Two All-Green Tanagers {Cklorophonia viridis) from Brazil,
purchased November 16, 1875. This species is new to the collec-
tion, and has not, so far as I know, been previously received in a
livung state.
Mr. Sclater exhibited a skin of Hypocnlius ampelinus, Bp. (Consp.
i. p. 336; Ileugliu, Ibis, 1868, p. 181, pi. v.), which had been
obtained by Mr. W. T. Blanford at Mazatani Nai, in Upper Scinde,
to the west of Shikarpiir, in March 1875, as already recorded by
Mr. Blanford in ‘The Ibis,’ 1875, p. 388. M. Oustalet, of the
Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Jardiu des Plantes, Paris, had kindly
compared this specimen with an adult male example from Seunaar,
received from M. Botta (the original discoverer of this curious bird)
in 1839, and had found them completely identical. M. Oustalet
stated that there were three mounted specimens of Hypocolius
ampelinus in the Gallery of the Paris Museum, received from M.
Botta.
Mr. Sclater remarked that this discovery was of special interest,
as a further proof of the extension of some of the most characteris-
tic types of the .Slthiopian Fauna into Western India.
Mr. Sclater read an extract from a letter addressed to him by
634 DR. H. BURMEISTER ON A NEW DOLICHOTIS. [DcC. 7,
Mr. H. A. Wickham, dated Piquiahiba, near Santarem, Brazil, July
31, 1875.
Mr. Wickham said, may interest you to know that the large
blue Hyacinth Macaw (Ara hyacinthina) is to be found much nearer
Saiitarem than has been hitherto supposed. I have just been for a
three days’ hunt through the forest covering the tableland south of
this place towards the Curua river. Along the sides of a water-
course we traversed, these birds apj)cared to be quite common, their
peculiar quavering caw being constantly heard ; but so local did they
seem to be, that five or six miles further on we neither saw nor heard
them.’"
Prof. Owen read the twenty-second of his series of Memoirs on
Binornis, containing a restoration of the skeleton of Dinornis maxi-
mus, Owen.
This paper will be published in the Society’s Transactions.
The following papers were read : —
1. Description of a new Species of Dolichotis, By Dr. Her-
mann Burmeister_, Director of the National Museum,
Buenos Aires, F.M.Z.S.
[Received September 20, 1875.]
. (Plate LXIX.)
The genus Dolicliotisy one of the best-marked of the family Ca-
viini, differs strikingly from the rest of the group in the great size of
its cars. It was founded by Desmarest in 1822, the only known
specimen having been first described by Azara under the Spanish name
Liebi^e j)atagona. This animal is well known its native country
under the last name, and is common in the districts of Upper Pata-
gonia, near the Rio Negro, and in the western provinces of St. Luis
and Mendoza, but was long rare in European collections.
The investigations of Darwin, Waterhouse, and myself (Reise durch
die La Plata- Staaten, tom. ii. p. 422) have given full particulars as to
its habits, external character^, and anatomy, the last-named part of
its organization having been shortly described in my work above re-
ferred to.
Till now no second species has been known ; and I was therefore
surprised on receiving an animal, obtained by Dr. C. Berg, the able
inspector of the Public Museum, which resembled the Patagonian
Hare, but which indicated by the still greater size of its cars a new
species of Dolichotis.
It is strange that an animal as large as a common rabbit should
have escaped the notice of scientific men in a country so much visited
by travellers of late years ; but as this animal lives in a region remote
P.Z S.1875 PI LXDC
DOLICHOTIS S.UINLCOLA.
%
fc.'-
|
Fort Sheridan is a residential neighborhood within the cities of Lake Forest, Highwood, and Highland Park in Lake County, Illinois, United States.
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Justin Bibb (born April 26, 1987) is an American nonprofit leader, businessman and politician. He is the Mayor of Cleveland since 2022. He is the co-chair of Teach for America.
In January 2021, Bibb announced his candidacy for Cleveland Mayor in the 2021 election. He was elected in a landslide victory in November, becoming Cleveland's 4th African American mayor.
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US Democratic Party politicians
Mayors of Cleveland |
Burr Ridge (formerly Harvester) is a village in Illinois and a suburb of Chicago, in Cook and DuPage counties, Illinois, United States. The village is one of the richest towns in Illinois. It is locally known for its large beautiful mansions. The population was 10,559 at the 2010 census.
References
Other websites
Village of Burr Ridge official website
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Villages in Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Settlements in DuPage County, Illinois |
Interstate 80 is an Interstate Highway in the United States. It goes from San Francisco, California east to Teaneck, New Jersey (just outside of New York City). The route is long, making it the second longest Interstate Highway in the United States behind I-90. It goes through 11 states: California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey.
I-80 is the Interstate Highway that closely follows the route of the historic Lincoln Highway, the first road across America. The highway traces other historical routes in the Western United States: the Oregon Trail across Wyoming and Nebraska, the California Trail across most of Nevada and California, and except in the Great Salt Lake area, the entire route of the First Transcontinental Railroad.
From near Chicago, Illinois, east to near Youngstown, Ohio, Interstate 80 is a toll road, containing the majority of both the Indiana Toll Road and the Ohio Turnpike. It also has a small part of the Illinois Tollway. I-80 and Interstate 90 share the same road from near Portage, Indiana to Elyria, Ohio. I-80 becomes the Keystone Shortway (a freeway built across rural northern Pennsylvania.) The eastern end of I-80 is its junction with the New Jersey Turnpike and Interstate 95 just west of the George Washington Bridge entering New York City.
References
80 |
Ueslei Raimundo Pereira da Silva (born 19 April 1972) is a former Brazilian football player.
Club career statistics
|-
|2000||rowspan="6"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||9||7||2||1||4||1||15||9
|-
|2001||28||21||1||0||6||3||35||24
|-
|2002||27||20||3||3||3||1||33||24
|-
|2003||27||22||2||1||5||2||34||25
|-
|2004||25||10||1||0||7||7||33||17
|-
|2005||1||1||0||0||0||0||1||1
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||27||16||1||0||4||0||32||16
|-
|2007||29||17||0||0||5||2||34||19
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||30||7||0||0||9||4||39||11
|-
|2009||14||3||0||0||3||1||17||4
217||124||10||5||46||21||273||150
217||124||10||5||46||21||273||150
1972 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
People from Salvador, Bahia |
ENTOMOLOGISKA FÖRENINGENS I STOCKHOLM
FÖRHANDLINGAR VID SAMMANKOMSTEN DEN 4 MARS 1882.
Ordföranden, Prof. O. SANDAHL, helsade Föreningen på dess
första sammankomst under året och tillkännagaf, att denna sam-
mankomst måst uppskjutas från den i stadgarne bestämda dagen,
əden sista lördagen i Februari», med anledning deraf att revi-
sionsberättelsen icke hunnit förr afslutas, emedan den ene af re-
visorerna, till följd af en företagen resa, icke fått tillfälle att del-
taga i revisionen förr än under sista veckan.
Föreningen antog följande från föregående sammankomst hvi
lande förändrade lydelse af $$ 2 och 10 i Föreningens Stadgar.
§ 2. Föreningen håller ordinarie sammankomst den sista
lördagen i Februari, April och September. Dessutom hålles sam-
mankomst den 14 December, årsdagen af Föreningens stiftande,
samt under Maj månad å dag som särskildt bestämmes vid före-
gående sammankomst, helst i samband med en utflykt i Stock-
holms omgifningar. Dock vare Styrelsen obetaget, att, då om-
ständigheterna så föranleda, bestämma andra dagar för samman-
komsterna.
§ 1o — — — — — Decembersammankomsten — —
Ordföranden höll derefter ett minnestal öfver Föreningens
den 28 'sistlidne Januari i Göteborg aflidne ledamot f. d. Tull-
förvaltaren NIKLAS WESTRING. '
Ordföranden anmälde att Föreningen från la Société Impe-
riale des Naturalistes de Moscou erhållit inbjudning att den
14 Maj d. å. deltaga i firandet af halfsekelsjubileet för nämda
sällskaps v. President, Jubeldoktorn, Statsrådet CH. RENARD. För-
eningen uppdrog åt Styrelsen att medelst en lämplig skrifvelse å
Föreningens vägnar” deltaga i jubilarens firande.
! Uppsatsen skall i Tidskriften införas.
NEEJ:
8 ENTOMOLOGISK TIDSKRIFT 1882.
Revisionsberättelsen upplästes och meddelades full ansvars-
frihet för 1881 års förvaltning åt Föreningens Styrelse och kassa-
förvaltare.
Det vid föregående sammankomst af Hr Kammarrådet Baron
HERMELIN väckta, men då uppskjutna förslaget, att Föreningen
borde söka finna utvägar att inhemta iakttagelser och utbreda
kännedom om skadeinsekternas förekomst och lefnadsförhållanden
upptogs nu till öfverläggning, hvari deltogo Hrr HERMELIN, ÅURI-
VILLIUS, HOLMGREN, HOLMERZ, J. Meves och Ordföranden, Se-
dan af flere talare framhållits dels vigten och nödvändigheten af,
att alla sådana iakttagelser gjordes efter en bestämd plan samt
på så många olika ställen som möjligt, dels önskvärdheten af,
att ett sådant företag, liksom de redan öfver hela landet anord-
nade meteorologiska och fenologiska iakttagelserna, med intresse
omfattades och på lämpligt sätt understöddes af Hushållningssäll-
skapen, uppdrogs åt Landtbruksakademiens Entomolog, Lektor A.
E. HOLMGREN samt Sekreteraren, D:r CHR. AURIVILLIUS, att till
nästa sammanträde inkomma med ett detaljeradt förslag öfver
sättet för anordnandet af dylika undersökningar.
Lektor THEDENIUS förevisade och beskref en af D:r NERÉN
m. fl. funnen, för Sverige ny, fjärilsart, Cidaria Olivata Bru.
hörande till afdelningen Geometre.'
Hr Sv. Lampa redogjorde derefter för en af Konservator
G. KoLTHOFF sistlidne sommar påträffad, för Sveriges fauna ny,
nattfjäril: Hadena unanimis Tr."
D:r CHR. AURIVILLUS förevisade tre arter af flug-slägtet THe-
Żhritis Latr. och meddelade upplysningar om deras lefnadssätt *
1 Uppsatsen skall i Tidskriften införas.
EE ET
|
Laurie is a given name for women. It is a version of Laura. Laura is more common than Laurie. Sometimes, it can also be a surname. People named Laurie include Laurie Anderson, Laurie Bird, and Laurie Metcalf.
Given names
Surnames |
<p>I work with Anaconda 5.3.0 and Python 3.7.</p>
<p>An application was made and I want to create an executable file with <code>Pyinstaller</code>, the case is that I miss the following error:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Exception: Cannot find existing PyQt5 plugin directories Paths
checked:
C:/Miniconda3/conda-bld/qt_1535195524645/_h_env/Library/plugins</p>
</blockquote> |
<p>I was trying to build and archive my app to submit it, when I realized that I had used xcode 6 beta to do that. So I closed it and opened xcode 5 and did all of this again. When the Xcode Organizer tries to validate the archive it gives me following error:</p>
<p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/1Jz4O.png" alt="Error"></p>
<p>What I have tried:</p>
<ul>
<li>Dis/Enabled iCloud function</li>
<li>Regenerated provisioning profiles</li>
<li>setup all profiles correctly in build phases
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/0ZX21.png" alt="enter image description here"></li>
</ul>
<p>Any idea how to fix this???</p> |
<p>Since I've migrated to androidx I can't make Renderscript run. I'm getting following exception:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>2018-10-12 16:27:58.328 27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64:
java_vm_ext.cc:504] JNI DETECTED ERROR IN APPLICATION: JNI
NewGlobalRef called with pending exception
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class
"android.support.v8.renderscript.RenderScript" on path:
DexPathList[[zip file
"/data/app/pl.qus.xenoamp2-xHJAddeg9oM-uGSxlvMp7A==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/pl.qus.xenoamp2-xHJAddeg9oM-uGSxlvMp7A==/lib/arm64,
/data/app/pl.qus.xenoamp2-xHJAddeg9oM-uGSxlvMp7A==/base.apk!/lib/arm64-v8a,
/system/lib64, /system/vendor/lib64]] 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at
java.lang.Class
dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(java.lang.String)
(BaseDexClassLoader.java:93) 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at
java.lang.Class java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(java.lang.String,
boolean) (ClassLoader.java:379) 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at
java.lang.Class java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(java.lang.String)
(ClassLoader.java:312) 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at
java.lang.String java.lang.Runtime.nativeLoad(java.lang.String,
java.lang.ClassLoader, java.lang.String) (Runtime.java:-2) 2018-10-12
16:27:58.328 27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64:
java_vm_ext.cc:504] at java.lang.String
java.lang.Runtime.doLoad(java.lang.String, java.lang.ClassLoader)
(Runtime.java:1099) 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at void
java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(java.lang.ClassLoader,
java.lang.String) (Runtime.java:1014) 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at void
java.lang.System.loadLibrary(java.lang.String) (System.java:1657)
2018-10-12 16:27:58.328 27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64:
java_vm_ext.cc:504] at androidx.renderscript.RenderScript
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript.internalCreate(android.content.Context,
int, androidx.renderscript.RenderScript$ContextType, int)
(RenderScript.java:1408) 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript.create(android.content.Context,
int, androidx.renderscript.RenderScript$ContextType, int)
(RenderScript.java:1599) 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript.create(android.content.Context,
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript$ContextType, int)
(RenderScript.java:1549) 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript.create(android.content.Context,
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript$ContextType)
(RenderScript.java:1525) 2018-10-12 16:27:58.328
27195-27195/pl.qus.xenoamp2 A/zygote64: java_vm_ext.cc:504] at
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript
androidx.renderscript.RenderScript.create(android.content.Context)
(RenderScript.java:1512)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>I have usual entries in gradle:</p>
<pre><code> renderscriptTargetApi 18
renderscriptSupportModeEnabled true
</code></pre>
<p>Anything else I have to change?</p> |
The pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) is an oceanic dolphin. It is found in all the world's temperate and tropical oceans. The species was beginning to come under threat due to the killing of millions of individuals in tuna purse seines (fishing). The 1980s saw the rise of "dolphin-friendly" tuna capture methods in order to save millions of the species in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Oceanic dolphins |
Matlock is a town on the A6 road in Derbyshire, England. In 2001 there were 9,496 people living in Matlock. Matlock gives its name to the lead based mineral named Matlockite.
References
Towns in Derbyshire |
A mid-range speaker is a type of loudspeaker. These are designed to reproduce sounds which are not very low, but mid-range speaker can also play hi frequency sounds, example frequency going up to 20kHz. Depending on the speakers structure there can be a tweeter that plays hi-frequencies. Typically it is then a 3-way speaker. If there is only a woofer and mid-range speaker, it would be 2-way speaker.
Audio technology |
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (born as Maria Ludwig Michael Mies; March 27, 1886, Aachen – August 19, 1969, Chicago) was a German-American architect. He is commonly referred to, and was addressed, as Mies, his surname. Along with Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto and Frank Lloyd Wright, he is widely regarded as one of the first masters of modern architecture.
Significant_buildings
Barcelona PavilionTugendhat HouseCrown HallFarnsworth House860–880 Lake Shore DriveSeagram BuildingNew National GalleryToronto-Dominion CentreWestmount Square
References
Other websites
Mies van der Rohe Society
Mies van der Rohe Foundation
Mies in Berlin-Mies in America
Great Buildings Architects
Elmhurst Art Museum, featuring McCormick House
Richard King Mellon Hall, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
Travel guide to Mies Buildings
1886 births
1969 deaths
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
American architects
German architects
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Aachen |
The Bar-Kays is an American funk-R&B-soul band. They started in 1966 in Memphis, Tennessee. Many of their songs were on record charts from the 1960s to the 1980s. The songs included "Anticipation", "Son of Shaft" and "Boogie Body Land".
The list of group members has changed several times.
1966 establishments in the United States
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American R&B bands
Memphis, Tennessee
Musical groups established in 1966
Musical groups from Tennessee
1960s establishments in Tennessee |
<p>I'm writing an application to send some images to a third party, and the images must be 200x200 DPI. The image is a Bitmap and is sized at 500 width and 250 height. </p>
<p>The first time I tested the images with the third party, my resolution was incorrect. I merely used <code>image.SetResolution(200,200)</code> to correctly set it to 200x200. This, however, only changed the resolution tag for the image and did not properly, according to my third party technical contact, adjust the image height and width. </p>
<p>Is there a ratio that I can use so that for each X units I increment the resolution, I merely increment the corresponding height or width Y units? I thought that I could just increment resolution without having to increment height or width. </p>
<p>Thank you,
Aaron.</p> |
Sir David Roxbee Cox (15 July 1924 – 18 January 2022) was a British statistician.
Her best known works were creating or expanding, Logistic Regression, the proportional hazards model, and the Cox process, which was named after him.
Cox died on 18 January 2022, at the age of 97.
References
1924 births
2022 deaths
British inventors
British academics
People from Birmingham
British statisticians |
<p>I was wondering how to set the default font for my entire Java swing program. From my research it appears it can be done with <code>UIManager</code>, something to do with <code>LookAndFeel</code>, but I can't find specifically how to do it, and the <code>UIManager</code> appears pretty complicated. </p> |
<p>I am writing a program that acts as a cash deposit box.
Everything occurs on the clock edge.
If enable is true and reset is true, the value in the box resets to 0.
If enable is true and add is 1, we add the amount to the box.
If enable is true and add is 0 we subtract from the box.</p>
<p>Here is my code and test bench</p>
<pre><code>module cashbox(output [15:0] value, input [15:0] amount, input add,enable, clock, reset);
reg value;
always @(posedge clock)
begin
if(enable) begin
if(reset)begin
value <= 0;
end
else begin
if(add)begin
value <= value + amount;
end
else begin
value <= value - amount;
end
end
end
end
endmodule
// cashbox testbench
module cashbox_tb;
reg [15:0] amt;
reg add, en, clk, rst;
wire [15:0] value;
cashbox cb(value, amt, add, en, clk, rst);
always
#50 clk = ~clk;
initial begin
$display("Amount in box %d", value);
clk = 1; en = 1; add = 1;
rst = 1; #10 rst = 0;
amt = 100; add = 1;
#170 en = 1; #100 en = 0; // 90
#20 amt = 50; add = 0;
#180 en = 1; #100 en = 0; // 290
#20 amt = 75; add = 1;
#180 en = 1; #100 en = 0; // 490
#20 amt = 35; add = 0;
#180 en = 1; #100 en = 0; // 690
#20 amt = 50; add = 0;
#180 en = 1; #100 en = 0;
#810 $finish;
end
endmodule
</code></pre>
<p>Everything compiles but when I run it, it displays Amount in box X. It doesnt display a value</p>
<p>I changed my test bench to this
// cashbox testbench</p>
<pre><code>module cashbox_tb;
reg [15:0] amt;
reg add, en, clk, rst;
wire [15:0] value;
cashbox cb(value, amt, add, en, clk, rst);
always
#50 clk = ~clk;
initial begin
$monitor("Amount in box %d",value);
clk = 0; en = 0; add = 0;
rst = 1; #10 rst = 0;
#10 amt = 100; add = 1;
#170 en = 1; #100 en = 0; // 90
#20 amt = 50; add = 0;
#180 en = 1; #100 en = 0; // 290
#20 amt = 75; add = 1;
#180 en = 1; #100 en = 0; // 490
#20 amt = 35; add = 0;
#180 en = 1; #100 en = 0; // 690
#20 amt = 50; add = 0;
#180 en = 1; #100 en = 0;
#810 $finish;
end
endmodule
</code></pre>
<p>And now my output is back to saying Amount in box X</p> |
is a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.
Cities in Japan
Settlements in Hyōgo Prefecture |
Ammonium is an ion. It is an ammonia molecule, NH3, protonated (with a hydrogen ion added) to make NH4+. It bonds with negative ions such as chloride to make salts such as ammonium chloride. Ammonium is slightly reducing so it can react with strong oxidizing agents.
References
Related pages
Ammonium chloride
Ammonia
Protonation
Hydrogen
Nitrogen compounds |
The Titan stick insect is one of the largest stick insects in Australia. The scientific name is Acrophylla titan. It has a brown body with spikes on its neck. The Titan stick insect can reach up to in length. It takes the form of a stick as a disguise to predators.
The Titan stick insect can be found in two states of Australia; Queensland and New South Wales.
The Titan Stick insect reproduces through sexual reproduction and lay eggs that hatch.
References
Phasmids
Animals of Australia |
Podolia, also known as Podilia, is a region in Ukraine that's located south of Volhynia, north of both Moldova and Bukovina, and northwest of the Dniester River. It was a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (where it had the highest population density) until the late 18th century, when it was split between Austria and Russia due to the partitions of Poland. Even afterwards, the Polish nobility continued to dominate Podolia while the peasants there were mostly Ukrainians. By the end of the 19th century, Ukrainian nationalism began spreading to Podolia. The towns of western Podolia failed to become large cities because they were overshadowed by Lviv. During the Russian Civil War, Poland, Ukraine, the White Russians, and the Bolsheviks all competed for Podolia. In the end, Podolia got divided between Poland, who got western Podolia, and the Soviet Union, who got eastern Podolia. This situation existed until World War II, when the Soviet Union conquered all of Podolia. Due to World War II, the Holocaust, and later emigration, the Jewish and Polish populations of Podolia significantly decreased. After the end of World War II, the Russian population in Podolia increased significantly. Even today, Podolia is one of the most agricultural and least industrialized parts of Ukraine.
References |
354
Linnaeana
von
t 1 . A. Dohni.
(Vergl. Jahrg. 1869 S. 411, 1870 S. 90.)
Mit „Linnaeus dem Studcnten u hatle sich der im vorigen
Jahrgange gegebene Artikel beschaftigt, und es war meine
Absicht, in analoger Weise die‘biographischen Notizen fort-
zusetzen, im Wesentlichen an des Patriarchen eigenhandige
Anzeichnungen ankntipfend. Inzwischen hat Herr Professor
M. J. Sch lei d en , der beriihmte Botaniker, in Westermann’s
Monatsheften des laufenden Jahres die Yeroffentlichung eines
Artikels unter dem Titel begonnen:
Ritter Karl von Linn6.
Yier Skizzen zur Wtirdigung des Menschen, seines Lebens,
seiner Verdienste und Erfolge.
Die bekannte, wohlverdiente Yerbreitung der ^Monatshefte 14
berechtigt zu der Voraussetzung, dass alle oder doch die
meisten Leser unsrer entomologischen Zeitung diese interes-
sante Abhandlung Schleiden’s, auf welche auoh in den Tages-
blattern mehrfach aufmerksam gemacht wurde, gelesen haben
werden. Es fallt damit ein Theil meiner urspriinglichen
Absicht fort, namlich der, welcher die gute Absicht hatte,
die grossentheils (wenigstens bei mir und den meisten meiner
entomologischen Freunde und Bekannten) nur diirftigen und
chronikalisch trocknen biographischen Notizen liber den Erz-
vater unsrer Lieblingswissenschaft in ein Lebensbild zu ver-
wandeln. Immerhin erscheint es, aucli nach dem von Schlei-
den mit Geist und Pietat abgefassten Artikel, angemessen
und wiinschenswerth, wenigstens noch einige der Linneischen
Autograplia fur die Gegenwart aufzufrischen, da ich bereits
(Jahrg. 1870 S. 90 Note) bemerkt babe, dass die existirende
deutsche Uebersetzung von Lappe dem deutschen Publicum
fremd geblieben ist; ich habe sie ohne Bedenken bei den
folgenden Mittheilungen benutzt und nur hie und da leicht
geandert, wo es mir geboten schien.
355
7. Der Privatdocent *).
1729.
1729 im Herbste sass Linnaeus in dem verfallenen aka-
demiscbcn Garten, um einige Blumen zu beschreiben, als ein
ehnvurdiger Geistlicher in den Garten karn und ilin fragte,
was er schriebe, ob er die Pflanzen kennte, ob er Botanik
studirt hatte, wo cr her sei und wie lange er hier gewesen?
Fragte auch nacli dem Namen einer Anzahl von Pflanzen,
wo denn Linnaeus bei alien mit den Namen nach Tourneforts
Methode antwortete; endlich fragte er auch, wie viele Pflanzen
er eingelegt hatte? und Linnaeus antwortete, dass er mehr
als 6U0 inlandische hatte. Er bat darauf den jungen Mann,
ihn nach Hause zu begleiten, und da er an die Wohnung des
Doctor Celsius kam, ging er da hinein. Denn dieser Ehren-
inann, der Doctor Theologiae 0. Celsius, der Vater, liatte
sich ein Paar Jahre in Stockholm in einem wichtigen kirch-
lichen Auftrage aufgehalten, und da er im Sinne hatte, eine
Geschichte der biblischen Pflanzen auszuarbeiten, so hatte er
sich auch auf Botanik gelegt und mit allem Fleisse die wild-
wachsenden Krauter aufgesucht. Linnaeus musste sogleich
sein Herbarium holen, wodurch Doctor Celsius noch mehr
von seiner Einsieht in dieser Wissenschaft iiberzeugt ward.
Nach Verlauf einiger Tage, da er des jungen Mannes Diirftig-
keit sah, gab er ihm ein Zimmer in seinem eigenen Hause
und liess ihn mehrentheils an seinem Tisch essen, unter wel-
cher Zeit Linnaeus den Pflanzen, welche wild um Upsala
wuchsen, fleissig nachspiirte, immer in G^sellschaft mit Doctor
Celsius war, wenn er reiste, und *mit ihm die Upsalischen
Pflanzen in seiner Bibliothek bearbeitete. Diese Bibliothek war
sehr ansehnlich, auch in der Botanik, und Linnaeus bekam
dadurch die starkste Gelegenheit, sich zu vervollkommnen.
Nils Rosen war in den Tagen vor Linnaeus Ankunft
Adjunct in Upsala geworden und auf auswartige Akademien
verreist, um zu promoviren und sich in der Medicin vollig
auszubilden, unter welcher Zeit ein gewisser Preutz sein
Yicarius war, welcher keinen Credit bei den medicinischen
Studenten hatte, weswegen verschiedene anfmgen, privatissime
zu Linnaeus zu gchen, als Letstrom, Sohlherg und Professor
Rudbecks Sohn, Johann Olof, wodurch sich Linnaeus Schuhe
und andre Bekleidung verschafl’te.
*) Eigentlich musste es fiir dies Jalir nocli „Der geheime Privat-
doeent^ lieissen, wie sieh bald ergeben wird. Aber in der kiirzeren
Autobiographic (s. Jahrg. 1869 S. 416) lautet es im Jahre 1729 aus-
driicklich: „er hielt auch da ^ , orles^lngen fur die andern Studenten
der Medicin iiber Botanica, Physiologica und Chemica“.
356
Petrus Arctadius, in der Folge Artedi, war der einzige,
welcher zu jener-Zeit unter den medicinischen Studenten in
einigem Rufe der Fahigkeit stand. Er kam nach Upsala
zuriick, nachdem er zu Hause in Angermanland gewesen war
und seinem Vater die letzte Ehre erwiesen hatte. Mit ihm
schloss Linnaeus eine vertrauliche Freundschaft, obgleich sie
beide an Statur und Sinnesart ganz ungleich waren; denn
Artedi war lang gewachsen, saumselig, ernsthaft; Linnaeus
klein, wild, hastig, lebhaft. Artedi liebte die Cliemie und
besonders die Alchemie, eben so* sehr wie Linnaeus die Ge-
wachse. Artedi besass freilich einige Einsicbt in der Botanik,
so wie Linnaeus in der Chemie. Da aber diese Nebenbuhler
sahen, dass sie einander niclit einholen konnten, verliess ein
jeder des andern Fach. Darauf begannen beide zu gleicher
Zeit mit Fischen und Insecten; doeh da Linnaeus den Artedi
in den Fischen nicht erreichen konnte, so verliess er sie vollig,
ebenso wie Artedi die Insecten. Artedi bearbeitete die
Amphibien, Linnaeus die Vogel. Es war zwisehen ihnen
eine bestandige Eifersucht, geheim zu halten, was sie ge-
funden batten, und konnten doch nie iiber 3 Tage Stich halten,
sondern mussten gegen einander mit ihren Entdeckungen
prahlen.
Die Professoren der Medicin waren damalen Rudbeck-
und Roberg. Rudbeck las iiber seine wohlgezeichneten Vogel
und Roberg liber die Problemata des Aristoteles nach Car-
tesius Principien. Man sah und horte nichts von Anatomie
noch Chemie, und Linnaeus hatte niemals eine botanische
Vorlesung horen konnen, t weder piiblice noch privatim.
Linnaeus las in den Actis Lipsiensibus eine Recension
von Vaillant’s Tractat: de sexu Plantarum und fand beson-
deren Gefallen daran, begann daher sich die Bluthen anzu-
sehen, vvas denn Stamina und Pistillen eigentlich fur Dinge
waren; und Artedi, der nunmehr die Botanik aufgab, behielt
sich die Plantas Umbellatas vor, weil er darin eine neue
Methode zu stiften gedachte, worauf Linnaeus auch in den
Sinn nahm, eine neue Methode in Hinsicht aller Gewachse
zu grunden, nachdem er die Stamina und Pistillen so lange
angesehen bis er gefunden, dass sie nicht minder verschieden-
artig als die Petala und die wesentlichsten Bestandtheile der
Bliithe seien. Aber mit Schluss des Jahres riickte der da-
malige Bibliothekar, Georg Wallin, mit einer philologischen
Disputation: de Nuptiis Arborum liervor, und da Linnaeus
nicht Gelegenheit fand zu opponiren, schrieb er einige Bogen
iiber den eigentlichen Zusammenhang des Geschlechtes der
Pflanzen in botanischem Sinne, und gab das Manuscript dem
Doctor Celsius, von dem es weiter in die Hande des Professors
357
Olof Rudbeck kam und ilim so gefiel, dass er wUnschtc, den
jungen Mann, der es entworfen, kennen zu lernen.
Im Jahre 1730 erhielt der hochbejahrte Olof Rudbeek
Freilieit, seine otfentlichen Vorlesungen aufzugeben, wenn er
nur einen Vicarius hielte Der Vice-Adjunct Preutz ward
zueret berufen, die Leetionen im Garten 711 halten, aber bei
Rudbeck’s Untersuchung konnte er nicht bestehen; daher ward
Linnaeus vorgeladen, von der Facultat examinirt und mit
Approbation angenommen; obgleich Professor Roberg es fur
gewagt ansali, einen noch nicht dreijahrigen Studenten zum
Docens zu machen, ja ihm offentliche Vorlesungen zu tiber-
lassen. Weil aber kein anderer zu haben war, blieb es
dabei, dass Linnaeus im Garten lesen sollte, und er fing daher
im Fruhjahr 1730 seine offentlichen botanischen Leetionen
vor einer Menge Colleganten bei botanischen Excursionen an,
und Rudbeck nahm ihn als Informator seiner Kinder aus der
zweiten Ehe in sein Haus. Linnaeus liess nun den ganzen
Garten andern, verschaffte sich aus andern Garten und vom
Lande die seltensten Blumen und Pflanzen und ptlanzte sie
nach eigener Methode. Im vorhergehenden Jahre war die
Gartnerstelle erledigt gewesen, und Linnaeus hatte sie auf
Professor Roberg’s Anrathen gesucht, aber Professor Rudbeck
sclilug es ab und sagte, er hatte Grosseres mit Linnaeus im
Sinne, welches diesen nicht wenig verdross; nun aber konnte
er als Docens dem neuen Gartner befehlen, der seinen An-
ordnungen im Garten nachkommen musste.
Linnaeus fing an, botanische Excursionen in Privat-
Collegien anzustellen und erhielt eine Menge Colleganten,
dcren Beihulfe ihm Kleider verschaffte. Er hatte jetzt auch
Gelegenheit, Professor Rudbeck’s sclione Bibliothek in der
Botanik zu benutzen und seine unvergleichlich * prachtig ge-
zeicheten Schwedischen Vogel ununterbrochen durchzugehen.
Nun wurden die Tage zur Arbeit mit den Discipeln angewandt
und die Nachte zur Ausarbeitung des neuen Systems und der
Reformatiou, welche Linnaeus in der Botanik begonnen. Auch
ling er an, seine Bibliotheca Botanica, seine Classes Planta-
rum, seine Critica Botanica und seine Genera Plantarum zu
schreiben, so dass er keine Minute verschleuderte, so lange
er in Upsala sich aufhielt.
1731. Der Adjunctus Medicinae, Doctor Rosen, war
kiirzlich von seiner auslandischen Reise zurtfek gekommen,
wo er sich in der Anatomie und Praxis habil gemacht hatte;
und da kein Practicus in Upsala war, ward er von alien
angenommen. Er Ubernahm sogleich den andern Theil, der
zu Rudbeck’s Professur gehorte, die Anatomie publice zu
lesen. Rudbeck’s 70 Jahre gaben ihm Hotfnung, bald sein
358
Nachfolger werden zu konnen, und es war kein starker Mit-
bewerber zu vermuthen, wenn nicht Linnaeus mittlerweile
emporkommen dtirfte. Dieser suclite ebenfalls die Botanik
publice lesen zu diirfen, welche Rudbeck dem Ros6n nicht
anvertrauen konnte, der sich nicht darauf gelegt hatte.
Rosen 6uchte den Linnaeus zu vermogen, selbst von den
Lectionen abzustehen, welches dieser auch gethan hatte, wenn
Rudbeck es zugelassen. Die Folge war, dass Linnaeus, als
er kaum die Armuth iiberwunden, sogleich deni Neide anheim
fiel, dessen Spiele hier zu entwickeln eben so weitlauftig als
unntitz ware. Mit einem Worte, die ungetreue Frau des
Bibliothekar Norrelius hielt sich jetzt in Rudbeck’s Hause
auf, durch welche Linnaeus bei seiner Patronin verhasst ge-
macht wurde, so dass er seines Bleibens dort nicht langer
sah. Und da Rudbeck oft von den seltsamen Phanomenen
und Pflanzen erzahlte, die er auf seiner Lapplandischen Reise
gesehen, so hatte Linnaeus eine grosse Neigung gefasst, diese
Lander zu besuchen. Der Secretair bei der Wissensehafts-
Soeietat in Upsala, Magister Andreas Celsius, drang darauf,
dass Linnaeus nach Lappland reisen sollte, um so mehr, da
es Koniglicher Befehl sei, einen aus der Societat dahin zu
senden, weshalb auch in der Societat beschlossen ward, dass
Linnaeus das nachste Jahr reisen sollte. Linnaeus nahm
daher mit Schluss des Jahres Abschied von der Rudbeck-
schen Condition und reiste hinunter nach seinem Geburtsort
in Smaland.
8. Der Reisende im Vaterlande.
1732 reiste Linnaeus einige Tage nach Lund, um des
Stobaus Mineraliensammlung zu sehen, da er die Kenntniss
in diesem Theile der Natur noch bei sich vermisste. Doch
da die Sammlung meistens aus Yersteinerungen bestand, fand
er hier seine Rechnung nicht, sondern begab sich nach einem
kurzen Yerzuge in Lund nach Upsala zuriick, von wo er
den 13. Mai nach Lappland reiste, zu Pferde, ohne Impedi-
mente und bloss, wie man geht und steht. Als er in Anger-
manhand von der Landstrasse ab, nach der hohen Grotte im
Skulaberge, begleitet von 2 Bauern, ging, ware er auf ein
Haar unglUcklich geworden; denn der Bauer, welcher vor
ihm hinaufkletterte, riss ein Felsenstuck los, welches gerade
auf der .Stelle niederschlug, wo Linnaeus gestanden haben
wiirde, wenn er nicht eine Handwendung vorher seinen Schritt
nach dem Schritte des andern Bauern verandert hatte. Yon
Umea ging Linnaeus den Fluss hinauf nach Lycksele; da
aber die Friihlingsfluth anting allzu stark zu kommen, musste
359
er zu Fusse wandern, durch Wfikler und Moraste, wo das
Ei8 unter dem Wasser lag, und machte endlich Halt bei
Olycksmyra, weil das Land um diese Zeit unrnoglicli bereist
werden konnte. Dcshalb musste er zurtick durch den Umea-
fluss nach Umea, von wo er sich nach Pitea und Lulea ver-
fiigte, wo er den Bergmeister Swanberg zur Begleitung er--
hielt, welcher nach Kjuriware hinwollte. Man segelte also
auf dem Luleafluss, Harris vorbei, nach Jockmock und setzte
von da die Reise nach Quickjock fort, auf welcher Reise der
Bergmeister Swanberg, welcher Vergnugeu an der Unter-
haltung seines Begleiters fand, sich erbot, ilin in kurzer Zeit
die Probirkunst zu lehren, wenn er auf der Riickreise Calix
besuchen wollte. Yon Quickjock erhielt Linnaeus durch Ver-
anstaltung der Pastorin Grot einen Dolmetscher, worauf er
die Spitzberge bei Walliware hinanstieg, wo er die Mitter-
nachtssonne (Solem inocciduum) sake und auf den Gebirgen
eine neue Welt von Pflanzen, die er rnit der Oeconomie und
den Sitten der Lapplander, nebst andern Merkwurdigkeiten
genau beschrieb. Er' setzte darauf die Reise liber den ganzen
Gebirgsriicken fort, immer zu Fuss, bis er in die Nonvegisehe
Finmark hinunter kam, an das nordliclie Meer, bei dem Torr-
fjord, wo er nach Salleron oder Helleion hinaussegelte, dock
vor Wind und Wogen nicht weiter als bis Rorstads Kirche
kornmcn konnte. Auf der Riickreise, da er eines Tages an
der Nordseite der Gebirge hinansteigt, um Pflanzen und
Steine zu suchen, schiesst ein See-Finne nach ikm, trifft
aber nickt, sondern mackt sich aus dem Staube, als Linnaeus
den Hirsckfanger ziekt. Von liier verfugte sick Linnaeus
nach einigen Ruhetagen wieder liber die Spitzberge zuruck,
nimmt aber seinen Weg niehr nordwarts nach der Seite von
Kaitom und kommt-wieder herab liber den Luleastrom. Unter-
weges, da er sich ein Floss gemacht hatte, um durch den
Purkijaur-See mitten in der Nacht nach Purkijaur Iiberzu-
segeln, war er wieder in Lebensgefahr; denn der ‘Nebel
benahm ihm die Aussicht, und Wind und Strom wirkten zu-
sammen, ilin seitwarts zu ziehen, so dass er mit genauester
Noth dem Strudel entging, Als er nach Lulea zuriickgekom-
men war, lernte er von dem Bergmeister Swanberg in Calix
in 2 Tagen und- einer Nacht die Probirkunst und ruliete sick
nach einer so starken und langwierigen Abmattung bei dem
Haradshofding Hoijer. Die Reise wurde durch Tornea fort-
gesetzt, und Linnaeus wollte nach den Tornea-Alpen, aber
inzwischen kam ihin der Winter in den Wurf, dass er
umkehren musste, da er denn den ostlichen Strandweg
zuriickreiste durch Kemi, Ulea, Carlebv, Wasa, Bjorneborg
nach Abo:
360
Solus hyperboreas glacies Tanaimque nivalem
Arvaqiie rhiphaeis numquam viduata pruinis
Lustrabat. Virg.
Einsam schritt er auf nordischem Eis und beschneietem Flusse,
Da, wo der ewige Reif niemals von den Fluren verschwindet.
Mennander, bernach Bischof in Abo und zuletzt Erz-
bischof in Upsala, war damals Student und half dem Linnaeus
mit Geld aus, weil dieser ihm die Naturgeschichte las. Nach
achttagigem Aufenthalte in Abo begab sich Linnaeus iiber
die Trajecte nach Aland, Grisselhamn und Upsala. Der-
gestalt war er in diesem Jahre iiber 1000 Meilen gereist,
und als er heimgekommen war, iibergab er der Wissenschafts-
Societat seinen Reisebericht und erhielt ihre Billigung, wie
auch 112 Thaler Silbermunze, welche ihm die Reise gekostet.
Gleich hierauf suchte Linnaeus ein Stipendium, die Wre-
dianischen Ueberschussmittel genannt, das er auch erhielt,
besonders durch Professor Walrave’s giinstige Yermittelung,
wodurch er fur das erste Jahr 30 Platen (10 Reichsthaler)
geno88, weiterhin aber nichts; und sobald er auf Reisen ge-
gangen war, ging er, auf Betrieb seiner Feinde, des Stipen-
diums wieder verlustig.
1^33 fiel es dem Linnaeus ein, ein Collegium iiber die
Probirkunst zu halten, welche zuvor bei dieser Akademie
nicht getrieben worden war, wo er einen jeden die Probir¬
kunst fur 2 Platen lehrte, wodurch er eine Menge Colleganten
erhielt.
Ros£n wurde immer aufinerksamer auf den steigenden
Linnaeus, den er fur einen immer gefalulicher werdenden
Nebenbuhler ansah, darum begehrte er von ihm seine bota-
nisehen Manuscripte zu leihen, das Liebste, was Linnaeus
damals besass; und da dies nicht durch Lockungen zu erreichen
war, ward es durch Drohungen erzwungen und ein Theil
wirklich iiberliefert. Da aber Linnaeus erfuhr, dass eine
Abschrift davon genommen wurde, vermochte keine Drohung
mehr, die andern Theile zu erpressen. Rosen hatte mittler-
weile einen jungen Magister Gottschalk Valerius zum Eleven
angenommen, dem er nun bald ein Jahr die Medicin vor-
getragen. Jetzt ward in Lund eine Adjunctur bei der medi-
cinischen Facultat eingerichtet, welche Linnaeus, mit Professor
Rudbeck’s ruhmlicher Empfehlung, suchte. Nun war Rosen
derzeit Brunnenarzt zu Wilsberg, und der Canzler zu Lund,
Graf Carl Gyllenborg, war Brunnengast daselbst. Daher
konnte Linnaeus in keine Vergleichung mit Valerius kommen,
der auch die Adjunctur erhielt.
Am Sehlusse des Jahres reiste Linnaeus in die Berg-
werke, besah Norberg, Bispberg, Afwestad, Garpenberg, die
361
Stahlhiitten und die Stadt Fahlun init der Grube. AIs er in
Fahlun war, trug ihm der Landshauptmann Reuterholm an,
eine Reise durch Dalekarlien auf seine Kosten zu machen,
weJches Linnaeus zusagte, es aber fiir eine Sache hielt, die
bloss in den Wind gesprocben sei.
173L Da Doctor Rosen mit des Erzbischofs Scfiwester-
tochter verheirathet war, hatte er sicli eine Verordnung vom
Canzler Cronhjelm ausgewirkt, dass bei der Akademie zu
Upsala nie ein Docens in der Medicin zum Nachtheil des
Adjuncts angenommen werden sollte, wodurch dem Linnaeus
die Hiinde gebunden wurden, der niclits als dies zu seinem
Unterhalte hatte, so dass Ros6n sieh iiberzeugt hielt, dass
Linnaeus total geschlagen sein wiirde.
Aber die nachste Woche kamen Briefe und Wechsel
voin Landshofding Reuterholm zur Fortsetzung der. Reise
durch Dalekarlien an, wo denn Linnaeus sogleich fertig war
und in Fahlun sieben muntere Junglinge mit sicli nahm,
namlich Nasman, Clewberg, Fahlstedt, Sohlberg, Emporelius,
Hedenblad und Sandel. Mit diesem Gefolge reiste er durch
Ost-DalekarHen und die Gebirge bis zu der Kupfergrube
Roras in Norwegen und von dort wieder liber das Gebirge
durch West-Dalekarlien nach Fahlun, wo er dem Landshofding
sein Tagebuch liber alles, was er auf der Reise beobachtet
hatte, iiberreichfe.
[Hier fotgt dann der bereits im Jahrg. 18G9 S. 412 vorweg
genommene Passus liber „Johan Browallius 1,1 und die Verlobung
unseres Helden mit der altesten Tochter des Stadt-Physicus
Moraeus in Fahlun. Dann folgt der Ausflug ins Ausland.|
9. Der Reisende im Auslande.
1735 urn Neujahr trat Linnaeus seine Reise ins Ausland
an in Gesellschaft des Studiosus Medicinae Claes Sohlberg.
Sein treuer Kamerad Artedi war kurz vorher von Upsala
nach England abgegangen. h]r besuchte seinen Geburtsort
und fund seine Mutter nicht mehr, welclie im vorigen Jahre
am (). Junius in ihrem 45. Jahre entschlafen war. Die Reise
ging durch Hclsingborg nach Helsingor, von wo er ilber
Travemlinde und Liibeck nach Hamburg absegelte, wo ihm
von dem Licentiaten Sprekelsen, dem Professor Kohl und
Doctor Janitsch viel Hollichkeit erzeigt wurde. Er vergnilgte
sicli hier, die schonen Garten zu besehen und was - sonst
merkwilrdig war, wie auch unter andern Saclien das Museum
des Biirgermeisters Anderson und dessen Bruders Hydra mit
7 Kdpfen. Er war der erste, welcher sah, dass dieses Mirakel
nicht der Natur, sondern der Kunst angehdrte, and wie dies
362
bekannt wurde, war man der Meinung, dass der unertragliehe
Preis, weleher auf ein solches Wunderwerk gesetzt war,
bald in Niehts zerfallen wurde; weshalb Linnaeus seine Ab-
reise beschleunigen musste, urn der Raehe der Gebriider
Andersen zu entgehen. Er ging daher in Altona zu Schiffe
auf Amsterdam und war auf der Reise in der grossten Gefahr
zur See.
In Amsterdam bielt er sieb etwa 8 Tage auf, um die
Praeht, worauf bier grosse Unkosten verwendet waren, zu
sehen, worauf er zu Wasser naeh Harderwyk reiste, wo er
lentirt und examinirt ward, de nova hypothesi febrium inter-
mittentium dispuiirte und den 13./24. Junius promovirte. Nun-
mehr war sein Geld alle, dessen Summe, als er aus Sehweden
ging, 600 Thaler Kupfermilnze gewesen. Daher schloss sieb
Linnaeus an Claes Sohlberg an, weil er seinen Sehwieger-
vater, dessen Denkungsart ihm bekannt war, nieht beschweren
wollte. Die Reise ging von Harderwyk nach Amsterdam,
wo Linnaeus den Professor der Botanik Burmann besuchte,
hernaeh liber Harlem nach Leyden, wo Linnaeus den Garten
und den Professor van Royen sah.
•Johann Friedrich Gronovius, Doctor Medieinae, war der
Wissbegierigste, den Linnaeus in Holland fand. Diesen be-
suehte Linnaeus, Gronovius besuchte ihn wieder, sah sein
Systema Naturae in der Handsehrift mit grosser Verwunde-
rung, erbot sich, dasselbe auf seine Kosten auflegen zu lassen,
und der Druck wurde angefangen Auf Gronovius Zureden
besuchte Linnaeus den grossen Boerhave und erhielt nach
uchttagiger Ansuchung Erlaubniss, zu ihm zu komrnen. Boer¬
have zeigte seinen Garten ausserlialb Leyden mit allerhand
Bitumen, welehe das Clirna vertragen konnten, und Linnaeus
entfaltete seine Einsicht in der Botanik und der Litterar-
gesehichte dieser Wissensehaft. Boerhave rieth ihm daher,
keinesweges Holland jetzt gleicli zu verlassen, wie er vor-
iiatte, sondern sich lieber in Holland niederzulassen und zu
leben. Da aber Linnaeus dessen ungeaehtet bei dem Vor-
satze blieb, liber Amsterdam naeh Sehweden zuriickzugeheh,
bat er ihn, Burmann in Amsterdam zu grtissen. Den Tag
darauf kam Linnaeus zu Burmann, weleher ihm ein prachtiges
Zimmer, Aufwartung und Kost an seinem eigenen Tische an-
bot, und Linnaeus nahm diese gute Gelegenheit bis auf das
naehstkommende Jahr an. Mittlcrweile gab Linnaeus seine
Fundamenta Botanica und seine Bibliothek in Amsterdam
lieraus, ergotzte sich an Burmann’s Arbeit uber die Ceylon-
schen Pflanzen und besuchte fleissig den medieinischen Garten
in Amsterdam.
Linnaeus hatte kaum einige Monate diese Gelegenheit
363
bei Burmann benutzt, als der reiche Banquier Georg Clifford
I. U. Dr. ihn besuchte und ihn einlud, seinen praehtigen Garten
zu Harteeamp zu sehen, da er denn Burmann iiberredete,
ihm den Linnaeus zu uberlassen, den ihm Boerhave wegen
seiner grossen Einsicht in der Botanik empf'ohlen. Also blieb
Linnaeus bei Clifford, wo er leben konnte wie ein Prinz, alle
Pflanzen verscbreiben durfte, die im Garten mangelten, und
die Bucher kaufen, die in der Bibliotiiek fehlten. Er war
auch nun im Stande, in der Botanik fortzuarbeiten, da er
alle Gelegenlieit hatte, die er nur wiinschen konnte. Er
arbeitete aucli Tag und Nacht darin und suchte allererst
seine Flora Lapponica unter die Presse zu bringen, welclie
auch in Amsterdam gedruckt wurde durch Beforderung einer
dasigen Gesellschaft, die mit Burmann verbunden war, und
welclie Linnaeus oft besuchte.
Inzwischen kam Artedi von London und traf den Lin¬
naeus in Leyden, gerade an einem Tage, wo dieser dorthin
gereist war. Er klagte, dass sein Geld in London ausgegangen
sei, dass er neue Kleider haben miisste und zu Buchern, zur
Promotion und Riickreise Geld gebrauche, aber zu alle diesem
keinen Zugang wisse. Linnaeus trostete ihn, er sei jetzt nicht
in Upsala unter Zwang und Verfolgung, ’und er wolle es so
einrichten, dass alles gut werden sollte. Albert Seba, der
deutsehe Apotheker in Amsterdam, hatte kurz vorher Lin¬
naeus Beihillfe zur Ausarbeitung des dritten Theils seines
Thesaurus verlangt. Aber Linnaeus, der eben zu Clifford
gekommen war, konnte dies Anerbieten nicht annehmen,
ausserdem handelte der dritte Theil, welcher nun gedruckt
werden sollte, von den Fischen, welclie Linnaeus am wenig-
sten geliebt hatte. Darum nahm.er den Artedi mit sich nach
Amsterdam und empfahl ihn bei Seba als den grossten Ich-
thyologen. Artedi Ubernahm die Arbeit gegen Zusicherung
einer anstandigen Vergeltung und befand sich wohl in Am¬
sterdam; verfertigte auch die Arbeit, so dass nur nocli 6 Fische
zurilck waren, als er des Abends, da er von Seba nach Hause
ging, in die Gracht fiel und jammerlich ertrank. Sobald
Linnaeus dieses erfahren, fulir er nach Amsterdam und suchte
Artedi’s Manuscripte in der Ichthyologic zu retten. Da aber
der Wirth eine Kechnung von mehr als 200 Gulden machte^
suchte Linnaeus den Seba zu vermogen, die Manuscripte ein-
zuldsen, doch dieser gab bloss 50 Gulden zum Begrabniss,
weswegen Linnaeus Clifford vermochte, die Handschriften zu
losen, die er weiterhin in Ordnung brachte.
1736 reiste Linnaeus auf Herrn Clifford's Kosten nach
England, wo er nicht allein die Garten in Chelsea und Oxford
besah, sondern sich auch daraus die meisten seltenen Pflanzen
364
verschaffte, welche eingekommen und noch unbeschrieben
waren, sicli aucli mit den dortigen Gelehrten bekannt maelite.
In Oxford ward Linnaeus freundlich aufgenommen von Doctor
Shaw, der in der Barbarei gereist war und sicli fur einen
Schuler des Linnaeus ansah, weil er mit so vielem Ver-
gnUgen sein System gelesen. Der gelehrte Botanist Dillenius
begegnete dem Linnaeus anfangs hohnisch, da er dessen Ge¬
nera, die er halb gedruckt aus Holland erhalten hatte, als
gegen sich geschrieben meinte; in der Folge aber hielt er ihn
einen ganzen Monat bei sich zurtick, ohne ihn eine Stunde
des Tages in Ruhe zu lassen, und entliess ihn endlich mit
Thranen und Ktissen, naclidem er ihm vorher, bei ihm zu
leben und zu steiben, da sein Professorgehalt hinlanglich fur
beide sei, angeboten, so wie aucli den Sherardischen Pinax.
Linnaeus kam nach Holland zurtick und bereicherte
Clifford’s Garten mit vielen lebenden Pflanzen und sein Her¬
barium durch viele getrocknete Specimina. Seine Genera
Plantarum wurden nun mit allem Fleisse in Leyden gedruckt,
und Linnaeus ward am 3. October zum Mitglied der Kaiser-
lichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, unter dem Namen Dio-
scorides der Zweite, ernannt.
Boerhave sucht'e den Linnaeus zu uberreden, auf offent-
liche Kosten nach dem Vorgebirge der guten HofYnung und
von doit nach den Colonien von Amerika zu gehen, um den
hollandischen Garten allerlei seltene und besondere Gewachse
zu verschafifen, da er denn bewirken wollte, dass Linnaeus
nicht allein Reisegeld, sondern aucli bei seiner Rtickkunft die
Yollmacht als wirklicher Professor erhielte. Aber Linnaeus
lehnte das Anerbieten ab unter dem Vorwande, er konne die
war men Himmelsstriche nicht vertragen, da er in den kalten
aufgewachsen sei, obgleich er andre Grtinde hatte, namlich
dass er zu Hause verlobt war.
1737. Linnaeus hatte mittlerweile Clifford’s ansehnliches
Herbarium in Ordnung gebracht, aucli die Pflanzen ini Garten
vermehrt und geordnet. Nun blieb noeh tibrig, da Clifford
ihm nicht allein jahrlich ansehnliche Geldsummen gegeben,
sondern ihn aueli genahrt und wie seinen eignen Solin ge-
halten hatte, dass Linnaeus das grosse Werk: Hortus Cliffor-
tianus angrifY und es nicht allein ausarbeitete und schrieb,
sondern selbst die Correcturen durchsah, und dies alles in
3 / 4 Jaliren, welches ein andrer nicht in mehreren Jahren nacli-
maclien wtirde. Ausserdem, wahrend er den Hortus Cliffor-
tianus ausarbeitete, belustigte er, wenn er von dieser Arbeit
ermtidet war, sich mit der Critica Botanica, die er in Leyden
drucken liess. Aber von aller dieser Arbeit ward er aucli
im Herbst des Jahres so ausgemergelt, das.s er die Hollandische
3G5
Luft nicht mehr vertragen konnte, obgleich er so behaglich
lebte, wie es ein Sterblicher wiinschen mag; denn er reiste
nach Leyden herein, um Boerhave zu horen, wenn es ihm
beliebte, konnte durch Amsterdams Gassen mit 2 Paar
Pferden fahren, sieh in Amsterdam auflialten, sobald er wollte,
zu Hartecamp in dem schbnen Garten wohnen, wenn er Ver-
gniigen fund, und hatte dort alle Aufwartung von Koch und
Bedienten und konnte diejenigen, die ilm besuehten, mit der
glanzendsten Bewirthung jederzeit aufnehmen. Als nun Clif¬
ford sail , dass Linnaeus ihn verlassen wollte, machte er ilim
das Anerbieten, zu bleiben, auf seine Kosten in Leyden zu
leben und Boerhave zu horen, wann er Lust hatte, und sich
nicht von ihm zu trennen, bis die botanische Professur in
Utrecht dureh des alten ScrrurieFs Tod erledigt wtirde, da
denn Linnaeus derselben sicher sein konne; bis dahin wolle
Clifford ihm Gelialt geben. Aber ungeachtet aller Erbietungen,
ungeachtet alles Woiillebens und aller Ehre, welche Linnaeus
genoss, da alle Botaniker ilin wie ein kleines Orakel auf-
suchten, nahm er Abschied von Cliflord * denn er sah wohl,
dass er nicht im Stande sei, in einer so erwunsehten Gelegen-
heit. das staike Arbeiten zu unterlassen. Ansserdem verlangte
ihn naeh Hause, und das* Hollandisehe Clima ist fur einen
Schweden auf die Lange nicht gesund.
Linnaeus sagte Clifford Valet, um nach Paris zu reisen.
Er kam durch Leyden und empfahl sich auch hier seinen
Fieunden und Bekannten. Professor van Royen war besturzt,
dass Linnaeus das Land verlassen wollte, und bot ihm alle
erdenklicbe Yortheile an, wenn er nur noch ein balbes Jahr
bei ihm bleiben wollle, um den akademischcn Garten mit
ihm in Ordnung zu bringen und ihm bei der Ausarbeituug
desselben behultlich zu sein, auch ihm seine Fundamenta Bo-
tanica zu demonstriren, wodurch seine Grundsatze bei einer
so glanzenden Akademie offentlich verbreitet und die Lin-
naeischen Namen, welche er im Hortus ^ Cliffortianus und
seinen andern Sehriften gegeben, in einem so beiUhmten
Garten eingeftihrt werden wiirden. Linnaeus entschloss sich
und blicb da, welches Clifford unendlich schmerzte, sofern er
ihm docli so grosse Vortheile geboten hatte. Linnaeus suchte
sich bei Clifford zu entschuldigen, dass er aus keiner andern
Ursacbe geblieben, als mn sich und seinen wiirdigen Herrn
Clifford zu ebren. Der Lcyden'sclie Garten war nach Boer-
have’s Metbode eingerichtef, welche Professor van Royen
sranzlieh unizuwerfen und die Linnacische anzunehmen be-
O
sclilossen hatte; aber Linnaeus konnte nicht zugeben, dass
derjenige gekriinkt wlirde, der ihm soviel Gutes getliau, son-
deni da Boerbave's Metbode nicht bestehen konnte, half er
25
366
van Royen eine eigene auszuarbeiten. Die Pflanzen in Leyden
wurden nun von Linnaeus und van Royen gemustert. Sie
erhielten neue Namen und wurden aufgestellt, uncT Linnaeus
gewann van Royen’s ganzliches Vertrauen. Er war inzwischen
fast jeden Tag bei seinem Gronovius und half ihm bei seiner
Flora Virginica, die beinahe zu gleicher Zeit mit dem Hortus
Leydensis herauskam, welche beide die Linnaeischen Namen
und Grundsatze angenommen hatten. Aber damit auch die
Nachte nicht ungenutzt verstreichen sollten, gab Linnaeus
hier seine Classes Plantarum und seines verstorbenen Kame-
raden Artedi Ichthyologie in 5 Theilen heraus, zugleich Co-
rollarium Generum und Methodum Sexualem.
1738 war das Amt eines Medicus Ordinarius in Surinam
vacant; Boerhave sollte es besetzen und suclite Linnaeus
dahin zu bringen, indem er ihm vorstellte, dass sein Vor-
ganger, als der einzige Arzt daselbst, innerhalb 5 Jahren
einige Tonnen Goldes erworben hatte; und was fiir herrliche
Pflanzen nicht in einem so schonen Klima gefunden wurden?
Da aber Linnaeus sich zuriickzog, trug ihrn Boerhave auf,
einen andern vorzuschlagen, weil keiner mit den jungen
Aerzten, die zugleich Kenntnisse in der Naturgeschichte be-
sassen, besser bekannt war. Er empfahl also Johann Bartsch
aus Konigsberg, seinen getreuen Freund, der von ihm nicht
allein die Botanik, sondern auch besonders die Iusectenkunde
erlernt hatte. Dieser ward sogleich angenommen und reiste
dasselbe Jahr nach Surinam ab, aber zu seinem Ungluck.
Wahrend Linnaeus in Leyden sich aufhielt, war ein
Klubb eingerichtet, dessen Mitglieder waren: Doctor J. Fr. Gro-
novius, Doctor van Swieten, Doctor Linnaeus; Joh. Lawson,
ein gelehrter Schotte, der viel gereist war, des Linnaeus
besonderer Freund, und der ihn oft fragte, ob er auch Geld
brauche? und wenn er antwortete: nein! zog er 60, 80,
100 Gulden heraus und gab sie dem Linnaeus, indem er
sagte, er behalte^selbst-noch genug. Er besass viel Verstand
und liebte den Linnaeus. und Gronovius iiber die Maassen;
Lieberkiihn, ein grosser, grober Preusse, der unvergleichliche
Mikroskope hatte; Joh. Kramer, ein liederlicher, zerlumpter
Deutscher, ein Genie sonder Gleichen, alles zu behalten, was
er lesen horte, der auch Studiosus in alien Facultaten war;
wie auch Joh. Bartsch, ein schlanker, hilbscher, munterer,
gelehrter und sittlicher Jtingling. Wenn diese mit einander
zusammen kamen, lag es dem, der Wiith war, oh, etwas
aus seinem Fache zu demonstriren, z. B. Gronovius in der
Botanik, van Swieten in der Praxis, Linnaeus in der Natur-
gescliichte, Lawson in der Geschiehte und den Antiquitaten,
367
Lieberkuhn iiber mikroskopische, Kramer Uber chemische und
Bartsch iiber physikalische Gegenstande.
Ehe Linnaeus von Leyden Abschied nahm, war schon
der kranke Boerhave von seiner BrusUvassersucht, auf welche
eine Starke EngbrUstigkeit folgte, so sehr ergriffen, dass
er niclit mehr im Bette liegen konnte, sondern anfsitzen
niusste, batte aucb lange vorher verboten, jeinand zu ihm
einzuJassen. Linnaeus war auch der einzige, welcher hinein
kommen durfte, um seines grossen Lebrers Hand zu kilssen
mit einem betiubten: Yale! da denn der sclnvaclie Greis noch
soviel Kraft in seiner Hand batte, dass er des Linuaeus Hand
zu seinem Munde ftilirte und sie auch kiisste, indem er
sagte: „Ich babe meine Zeit und meine Jahre gelebt, aucb
gelhan, was icb vermocht und gekonnt babe. Gott erhalte
Dich, dem dies alles noch bevorsteht. Was die Welt von
mir verlangte, hat sie erhalten, aber sie verlangt nocb*weit
melir von Dir. Lebe wolil, mein lieber Linnaeus!^ Die
Tbranen gestatteten niclit melir, und uls Linnaeus in seine
Wobnung zuruekgekommen war, sandte ihm jener ein prach-
tiges Exemplar seiner Cliemie.
Auf diese Weise wurde die Zeit in Leyden bis zum Friih-
jahre hingebracbt, da Linnaeus aus der Heimat Nachricht
erhielt, dass einer seiner Freunde seine Liebste bei seinem
Schwiegei vater zu gewinnen suclite. Desbalb beschleunigte
Linnaeus die Beise, verfiel aber in ein eehweres kaltes Fieber,
von deni er zwar durcb van Swieten gebeilt ward, aber
einen Rilckfall mit Cholera bekarn, der ihm den Hals ge-
brochen batte, wenn nicht Doctor van Swieten die ausserste
Milbe angewandt. Endlich ward Linuaeus bergestellt, und
der beleidigte Clifford kam zur Stadt, ihn zu besuchen, mit
der Bitte, ihn auf eine Nacht zu seinem Garten zu begleiten;
stel 11e ilim aucb die Gefabr vor, so ermaltet, wie er ware,
zu reisen und bot ihm sein voriges gliickseliges Vivere an,
mit Pferden auf dem Stalle, spazieren zu labren, wenn es
ihm geiiele, auch einen Ducaten jeden Tag, wenn er bei ihm
bleiben wollte. Linnaeus verweilte einige Wochen und ge-
uoss so vieler Giite, sab aber nie einen gesunden Tag, bis
er Holland Yalet gesagt und nach Brabant gekommen, wo
sein Korper von Stund an gleichsam verneuet ward durcb
die Lult und von einer *chweren Last erledigt.
Als Linnaeus in Leyden von dem Professor van Royen
Abschied nahm, gab ilim dieser an den Professor der Botanik
in Paris einen Brief mit, welcher ihm hernaeh dort gezeigt
ward und folgenden wortlicben Inhalt batte:
„Yiro clarissimo Antonio de Jussieu, Medico experien-
tissimo, Botanices Piofessori celcberrimo et Academiae Kegiae
2b*
368
Scientiarum in Calliis Socio et Mombro dignissimo, s. p. d.
A. van Royen. cc
„En Carolum Linnaeum, Scientiae Botanicae (si quern
noverim) facile Trincipem, qui nisi scriptis innotuerit, experi-
mentis innotescat. Hie in plerisque Historiae Naturalis par-
tibus versatissimus, hasce Tibi tradet litteras. Hunc vere
doctum, eruditum et humanissimum Tibi tuaeque curae com-
mendo, ut per Te, quantum potest fieri, opportunitatem habeat
omnia, quae ad hoc negotium spectant, perlustrandi; quidquid
autem ei feceris beneficii, mihi, cum per aliquod tempus inti-
mus fuit, factum reputabo. Vale, fratremque cum Nob. D.
du Fay meo nomine salvere jube. Dabam Leydae die 7
Maji 1738“
Aus diesen und andern Umstanden kann man beur-
theilen, was Linnaeus in Holland in der Zeit von 3 Jahren
ausgferichtet-. Er hatte bier mehr geschrieben, melir neues
entdeckt und die Botanik mehr reformirt, als irgend jemand
vor ihm in einer ganzen Lebenszeit gekonnt; weswegen es
sich aueh begab, dass er in Clifford's Garten stets von den
grossten Botanikern besucht ward, da es sich verschiedene
Male traf, dass Gronovius, van Boyen, Burmann, Serrurier,
Andry, Lawson und andre ohne alle Verabredung bei ihm
zusammentrafen. Linnaeus hatte das Vergniigen, als Discens
bei einer so grosseu Akademie, dort seine Principien und
Fundamente offentlich lesen zu^ horen,' wo denn die Studenten
einander denjenigen zeigten, der die Theorie gebaut hatte.
Ja, die Natur selbst begiinstigte den Linnaeus dadurch, dass
sie durch seinen Fleiss und auf seine Veranstaltung die schone
Musa zum erstenmal in Holland bluhen Hess, welche als ein
Wunder von dem ganzen Lande besehen wurde, da auch die
Vornehmsten und selbst Boerhave nach Hartecamp kamen,
um vom Linnaeus seine Demonstration dieser Musa zu fordern,
die er aucli in dem Tractat, den er unter dem Namen Musa
Cliffortiana herausgab, der Nachwelt vorgelegt liat, nach
welclier nunrnehr jeder Garten ihre Blumen hat hervortreiben
konnen. Bei Burmann in Amsterdam war Linnaeus allezeit
willkommen unter den Ccylonischen und Africanischen Pflan-
zen^ bei Gronovius in Leyden war Linnaeus gleiclisam zu
Hause, wo die Virginischen Pflanzen gemustert wurden; bei
van Royen erhielt er immer das seltenste f’iir den Clifford-
schen Garten, und jeden Monat ungefahr wurden die Garten
in Amsterdam, Utrecht und Leyden, tiiglich aber der zu
Hartecamp besucht.
Nachdem Linnaeus so beriihnit in Holland und reich
an Kenntniss der Pflanzen geworden war, reiste er ab und
kain durch Antwerpen, Trefontain, Mecheln, Brussel, Mons,
309
Valenciennes , Cambray, Peronne, Roye, Pont & Pont nach
Paris. Solnild er nach Brabant kam, sah er sicb aus einem
schonen Garten auf eine magere Viebweide versetzt, wo die
Menschen armselig und die Hauser elend warcn. Die Sfcadt
Antwerpen hatte alte und prachtige Hauser, dock meisten-
thei]s diirftige Einwohner. In Brussel sah er die schonen
Springbrunnen in*den Strassen, das kostbare Arsenal und die
jetzt bier residirende Sclnvester des Kaisers und den katholi-
scben Gottesdienst, welclier bier im liochsten Flor war. Auf
der west lichen Seite tibersah er oft von der Hohe eines
Walles diese ganze schone Stadt. Auf der Ostseite war
scbon das Franzdsiscbe eingedrungen. Bei Mons wurde eine
starke Visitation gehalten, wo niemand mit mebr als 50 Livres
paseiren durfte; aber Linnaeus kam doch mit einigen hundert
Ducaten durch. Diese Stadt, wiewohl sie nicht gross war,
hielt dennocb eilf Apotheker. In der Umgegend • wurden
Steinkohlen und Dachschiefer gebrochen. Bei Valenciennes
wurde Linnaeus’ Koffer versiegelt, well er einen Haufen neue
Bucher bei sich hatte; denn er hatte ein Exemplar von jedem
Buche, das er iri Holland drucken lassen, mitgenommen.
Weiterhin ging es durch die Flandrischen Felder, welche
Skane’s Ehenen glichen. Die Hauser waren meistentheils
aus einer Steinart gebaut, die das Mittel zwischen Sandstein
und Kreide hielt. In Cambray sah man, jedesmal wenn
die Glocke schlug, 2 holzerne Manner, die an die Glocke
schlugen. Die Landstrasse war mit einem Kalkstein gepflastert,
der aus Letten oder auch Marmor prim, erzeugt wird. Syst.
Nat. 6 p. 151 n. t.
Sobald Linnaeus in Paris angelangt war, wurde er von
dem alten Professor Anton de Jussieu, welclier taglich mit
medicinischer Praxis be^chaftigt war, an seinen Bruder, den
demonstrator plantarum Bernhard de Jussieu, liberliefert. Hier
ward es sein Geschaft, den schonen Garten zu untersuchen,
die Herbarien der Gebriider Jussieu, des Tournefort, Vaillant,
Surian und anderer zu sehen, wie auch Isnard's grossc Samm-
lung botanischer Bucher. Bernhard de Jussieu stellte Fahrten
nach Fontainebleau und Burgundien an, in Gesellscliuft mit
La Serre, bloss um Liunaeus die schonsten Gewaehse zu
zeigen, die um Paris gefunden wurden, da denn Linnaeus
frcie Heisc hatte, und Bernliard de Jussieu erzeigte ihm
tiiglich Dienste, so dass er hier mit den beiden Jussieu, mit
Reaumur, Obriet, des seligen Tournefort Zeiehner und iicise-
gefiihrten im Orient, mit La Serre, der Wittwe Vaillant und
der Demoiselle Basscport, wclche Konigliehe Malerin im
Garten war, Uingang pflog. Den N. Juni hielt Linnaeus bei
dem derzeitigen Prasidenten du Fay um Erlaubniss an, die
370
Akademie der Wissensehaften pro hospite zu besuchen, da
ihm denn nach der Session angedeutet ward, ein wenig zu
verzieben, worauf man ihm meldete, dass die Akademie ihn
zum Correspondentcn angenommen. Du Fay fragte an, ob
nicht Linnaeus Lust hatte, Franzose zu werden, sofern ibn
die Akademie zum Membrum mil jiihrlicber Pension annahme;
aber eine starkere Neigung zog ibn zum Vaterlande.
Naehdem Linnaeus das Scbloss Versailles, die Landschaft
urn Paris, die Bibliotheken, Museen, Herbarien und Reau¬
mur’s Sammlunnen gesehen batte, wahrend deesen er bei den
beiden Jussieu meist taglich freies Vivere hatte, dachte er
auf die Heimreise. Denn Linnaeus’ Sache war es nicht,
Frunzosische Sitten und auslandiscbe Sprachen zu lernen,
indem er dafiir hielt, die Zeit sei in alle Wege zu kostbar,
urn sie bloss der Spracben wegen im Auslande zu verreisen.
So viel ist gewiss, dass die Zeit des Linnaeus ihm nicht er-
laubte, den Spracben obzuliegen; aber es bleibt auch zu
bemerken, dass sein Genie so durchaus nicht fur Sprachen
war, dass er weder Englisch, noch Franzosisch, noch Deutsch,
noch Lapplandisch lernte, ja nicht einmal Hollandisch, wie-
wohl er sich ganzer 3 Jahre in Holland aufhielt; nichts desto
weniger kam er allenthalben gut und glQcklich durch. Nach-
dem Linnaeus solchergestalt das Merkwurdigste in Paris
gesehen, reiste er nach Rouen und segelte von dort mit einem
heftigen Winde und Sturm ins Kattegat, wo sich der Wind
sogleich zum Sunde wandte und Linnaeus bei Helsingborg
ans Land stieg.
(Fortsetzung folgt.)
|
Master Negative
Storage Number
OCI00064.15
Pianeta della fortuna
in bene e in male
Firenze
*
1879
Reel: 64 Title: 15
BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD TARGET
PRESERVATION OFFICE
CLEVELAND PUBLIC LIBRARY
RLG GREAT COLLECTIONS
MICROFILMING PROJECT, PHASE IV
JOHN G. WHITE CHAPBOOK COLLECTION
Master Negative Storage Number: OC100064.15
Control Number: AEO-9080
OCLC Number : 30948264
Call Number : W 381.558 P752 v.5 no. 15
Title : Pianeta della fortune in bene e in male : sulla nascita
dell'uomo e della donna.
Imprint : Firenze : Salani, 1879.
Format : 22 p. : ill. ; 14 cm.
Note : Cover title.
Note : Binder's title: Poesie popolari.
Note : Imprint from colophon.
Note : Title vignette (woodcut).
Subject : Italian poetry.
Subject : Chapbooks, Italian.
Added Entry : Salani, Adriano.
MICROFILMED BY
PRESERVATION RESOURCES (BETHLEHEM, PA)
On behalf of the
Preservation Office, Cleveland Public Library
Cleveland, Ohio. USA
Film Size: 35mm microfilm
Image Placement: IIB
Reduction Ratio: 8:1 i I
Date filming began: _ *♦[ OH?
Camera Operator:
Gennaio
UOMO
Acquario. Inclina l’uomo, nato in qxie-
sto mese, ad essere amato molto dalla gente.
Avrd diverse bizzarrie, e sara facile nel cre-
dcr male, che ad altri si dica. (Hi sara fatto
gran danno dai suoi conoscenti senza meri-
tarselo. Sara facile ad adirarsi, ma subito ri-
tornerd in pace. Sara in pericolo di perder
la moglie, ma non la perderd, perche le don-
ne non si perdon mai ! Molte terre e paesi
dovra peregrinare, ed acquistcra molte cogni-
zioni. Sard sapiente ed arrivera agli anni 75.
DONNA
Acquario. Inclina la femmina a molte
cose, che per suo consiglio comincera e ri-
durra a compimento. Sara amabile, di buon
carattere e, maritandosi, avra ligli. Dara con¬
sign ad altri, sara felice, e le cose suean-
deranno sempre bene. Si maritera ad mi buon
giovine che la fara contenta. Yivra sino a
81) anni.
Febbraio
UOMO
Pesci. Inclina Y uomo, nato in qnesto
mese, ad esser molto vano e superbo. Converse¬
ly con persone oneste;sara timoroso, di poclie
parole; gli piacera il giuoco e perdera molti
danari. Sard ardito nel suo parlare: dird ma¬
le di tntti. La prima sna moglie piangerd
morta. Andera in diversi luoghi del mondo
per trovar ventura in gioventu. Sard alquan-
to abilitato nel suo mestiere; e vivrd anni 78.
DONNA
Pesci. Inclina la femmina a conversa-
re. Consolerd molto gli altri, sard misericor-
diosa con tntti; sard pure buona e onesta; a-
mera la sua famiglia. Perdera il primo e ii
secondo inarito, in breve tempo ; dopo non
molto passerd a terze nozze con un virtuoso
giovane e ricco. Dopo pochi mesi avrd la con-
solazione di vedersi madre di due figli- A 87
anni andrd in sepoltura, senza aver provato
vcrun dolore.
UOMO
Ariete. Inclina l’uomo, nato in qnesto
mese, a volere una femmina di buona con-
dotta. Avrd molti onori. Sara risentito, ma
presto si rimetterd. Ciarlerd a pin di una don¬
na, e lc sue ciarle gli serviranno a creargli
dispiaceri. Sard grazioso, ingegnoso, ma an-
che un tantin bugiardo. Avrd molte questioni,
e sard invidiato, perchd acquistera grandi
ricchezze. Non prenderd moglie^ prima degli
anni 25 ; sard di buon cuore. E destinato a
compile gli anni 72.
DONNA
Aricte. Inclina la femmina ad essere
ardita, specialmente nella lingua, die avrd
pin lunga di uu metro. Sard bella e di ca-
pclli tendenti al rosso. Sard amata ed ono-
rata; avventurata e graziosa. Rimarrd vedova
in frcsca eta. Dopo si metterd a trafftcare in
commercio, e passerd tutto il tempo di sua
vita allegramente. Arriverd agli anni 85.
Marzo
Toro. Inclina 1’ uomo, nato in questo
inese, ad esser coraggioso e andace. Diventerd
ricco per una femmina; abbandonerd i suoi
parenti e vivrd con forestieri volentieri.
Donera del suo agli amici ; sard, grazioso e
vergognoso. In sui 30 anni avra buona yen-
tura. Nel vendere e coniprare sard astuto ed
ayventurato, e fard guadagni fetraordinarj. Sol-
lecito nei pagamenti, si acquisterd gran no-
me, comando sopra le persone, e sard obbe-
dito. Camperd 88 anni.
DONNA
Toro. Inclina la femmina ad esser sol-
lecita, studiosa, diligente in tutte le sue co¬
se. Sard laboriosa e vedrd luoghi stranieri. Di
venti anni sard chiesta in sposa, ed ella ri-
cuserd per non essere di sua soddisfazione lo
sposo ; ma un altro giovinotto di buoni co¬
stum i sard quello cbe fard la sua felicitd. Ar-
riverd agli anni 80.
UOMO
Gemelli. Inclina l’nomo, nato in questo
mese, ad essere sventnrato. Andrd per mol-
te terre in cerca di fortnna, ma non sard
mai ricco. Non avra credito prcsso le perso-
ne. Sara considerate poco dagli amici. Daras-
si ad nn’arte; ma nel guadagno di essa sciu-
perd molto, non dando nnlla a’ snoi. Avra molti
iigli, nna buona e bella moglie. Sardanimo-
so, amerd la lettura e morird circa agli an-
ni 68, sempre Mice.
DONNA
Gemelli. Inclina la donna ad essere as-
sai bella e da molti desiderata: con gran co¬
stanza rifinterd tutte le offerte, e regnerd sem¬
pre in lei l’onestd. Sard sapiente in tntto; a-
vrd roba asSai. Maritandosi, avrd flgli, cbe
le daranno pero qnalche pensiero. Un po’di
gelosia sturbera la sna pacer ma vivrdcon-
teuta, c il tcrmine di sna vita sard di an-
ui 72.
UOMO
Canero. Inclina l’uomo, nato in questo
mese, ad esser molto vano, amatore di roba
e piii di femmine. SarA allegro. CadrA in di-
sgrazia dei suoi amici, ma poco dopo verrA
a° paciftcarsi con essi. SarA di poche parole
e in gran ripntazione appresso gli nomini.
Pino a trent’ anni farA vita meschina; di*
verrA ricco per una ereditA che egli avrA da
nn sno parente. La morte non lo farA suo
prima di 78 anni.
DONNA
Canero. Inclina la donna ad esser mol¬
to risentita : spesso si adirerA, ma subito ri-
tornerA in pace. SarA modesta in casa, e sa-
prA governare nna famiglia da se stessa, per
essere economa e per la sna assiduitA al la-
voro. Non curerA fatiche, n& incomodi. Da nn
suo parente riceverA una somma di denaro,
che farA la sna fortuna. VivrAanni 92, ilche
davvero e una bellissima eta!
Giugno
uouo
Leone. Inclina F uomo, nato in questo
mese, ad essere ardito e di animo forte; sara
eloquente: e se studied belle lettere si fard,
gran nome. Iracondo, superbo, maldicente, a-
varo; saranno questi i snoi difetti. Avrd, nn
flglio; sopporterd, grandi disagi, e avrd, molto
da affaticarsi per gl’ interessi di casa sna, i
quali andranno tutti in regola. Qualche a-
mico al solito, lo tradird; ma le molte vicen-
de gli faranno trovare nuove conoscenze. Yi-
vra anni 94.
DONNA
Leone. Inclina la femmina ad essere
assai bella, ardita e virtuosa. Parlando, sa¬
ra piacente, alcuna yolta usera bugie ; sard,
irascibile, amata e desiderata, inoltre ricca
ed amichevole. Andrd in yarj paesi, dove i
giovanotti la vedranno di buon’occhio. II suo
tfuirito sara giovine ma infedele. Arrivera
^ino asrli anni 77,
UOMO
Yergine. Inelina l’uomo, nato in qne:
sto mese, ad esser di poche parole. Tutti 1
suoi affari ridurra a compimento. La prima
moglie non la possederb lnngo tempo, percne
le buone mogli banno sempre vita corta. ba¬
rb molto cortese, sarb piu ricco che povero.
Di quarant’anni guadagnera molta roba, eda-
vrb buona grazia dai suoi parenti. L ultimo
suo termine di vita sarb di anni 84.
DONNA
Vergine. Inelina la donna ad esser ver-
ffognosa, laboriosa, animosa. Con somma ve-
nerazione amerb Dio, Sara divota, rispettosa
con tntti. Per la morte di un suo parente
ella avrb nna buona ereditb, e questa lara
ia sua fortnna. Amerb un giovine ricco, buo-
no e molto bello; se lo saprb conservare, un
giorno formerb la sua delizia. Per la spa mo-
destia non le mancheranno pretendenti, ma
non lascerb il primo. Yivr& fine agli anm o5.
Settembre
onorato. Sara invidiato dajnolti, peregrinera
per luoghi lontani, sara nrolto amato da’suoi.
AvrA moglie e le vorrA bene. Molte cose a-
yrA in sua balia. SarA paziente e molto gio-
veranno i suoi consigli. Deve ay ere una ere-
dita tra i diciotto e i quaranta anni. VivrA
fiiio agli anni 82.
DONNA
Libra. Inclina la donna ad esser molto
amichevole con gli altri. Star A 'molto volen-
tieri con i snoi, per esser da essi molto a->
mata. AvrA nn buon marito e di suascelta.
Essa si mariterA a 18 anni e subito avrA un
bel bambino. II suo sposo sarA ricco e di un
ottimo carattere; ma passati i 40 anni, ri-
marrA yedova senza flgli, ricca e senza ere-
di ; lei sola sarA l’erede. Ecco la sua fortunal
YiyiA lino alia tarda eta di 80 anni.
Ottobre
UOBEO
Scorpione. Mina l’uomo, nato in qne-
sto mese, ad esser falso, ma molto segreto
nei snoi affari. Avrd moglie, e di quella re¬
sted yedoyo. Non sara nd povero, nd ricco.
Passerd in seconde nozze e prenderd nna ve-
dova di buoni costnmi. Badi a chi si met-
te attorno, giacche qualcuno gli fard dei tor-
ti gravi. Avra del coraggio, e molte peripe-
zie. Arriverd agli anni G6 in perfetta fe-
licitd.
DONNA
Scorpione. Inelina la donna ad essere
amabile e grata alia sua famiglia. Deve ave-
re gran fortuna. Perderd presto il suo primo
raarito, e non molto tempo dopo passerd in
seconde nozze con nn giovine hello e di bno-
ni costnmi. Sard nn po’ gelosa e fard arrab-
hiare il marito, il che non sta bene. Esso a-
vrd molte ricchezze e la ford maclre di mol-
ti figli. Camperd anni 79.
Novembre
UOMO
Sagittario. Inclina l’nomo, nato in qne-
sto mese, ad esser molto esperto e vivace. A-
merd gli spassi ; anderd in molte terre, ed
in sna gioventn sard ricco. II primo ufficio
che dovra sostenere gli sard contrario. Da nn
sno parente riceverd dei benefizj. Per femmi-
na dev’ essere pin ricco che non sarebbe,
e deve essere amato molto per la sna saviez-
za e lealtd. Avrd nn bastardo da donna ma-
ritata; ma poi si pentird di qnesto fallo. Mo-
rird a 90 anni.
DONNA
Sagittario. Inclina la donna ad essere
timorosa e vergognosa. Sard molto affabile
con quelli di casa. Maritandosi, avrd duefl-
gli: nno dei quali formerd la sua felicitd, per-
che qnesto. sno flglinolo fard progressi gran-
di negli stndj e presto diverrd nngrand’uo-
mo. Invece l’altro figlio le dard dimolti di-
spiaceri. Vivrd fino agli anni 69.
la
Dicerabre
COHO
Capricorno. Inclina 1’ uorao, nato in
qnesto mese, ad esser yano, iroso, bugiardo
ed atto a gnadagnare assai per parte della
moglie, che lo rendera assai contento. Fard
parte della Corapagnia di San Martino. Stard
attento agli amici, e pin alle amiche disua
moglie. Sard buontempone, e flnird tutto il sno
negli stray izj. Finalmente nna piccola eredi-
td lo fard meno infelice; e arriverd agli an-
ni 87.
DONNA
Capricorno. Inclina la donna ad esse-
rc irosa e bngiarda; ma essa, correggendosi
di questi difetti, diverrd la femmina la piu
docile e degna di stare nelle migliori con¬
versazioni. Avrd col tempo uno sposo degno di
lei; avrd dei figli e sard felice con la sna fa-
miglia. Tocchera gli anni 82 senza soffrire
ne nn dolor di capo, no avere altri dispia-
ceri al mondo.
PIANETA SETTIMANALE
SULLA
NASCITA DELL’ UOMO E DELLA DONNA
CM nasce di Donienlea.
11 Itjel Pianeta che distingue l’ore
Domina la Domenica; e chi al mondo
In tal giorno verrd, fla di colore
Rosso, di faceia chiara e capel biondo.
II corpo alquanto grasso e d’un umoro
Temprato; i iabbri grossi, il collo tondo;
Sottili ciglia, e l’occhio allegro e grato,
Largo di spalle e ben proporzionato.
CM nasee in Lunedl.
Domina Oricia, di Febo sorella,
II Lunedi, che di suo nome il chiama.
Chi nascerd soggetto a simil stella,
Fia giusto proprio come al yento rama.
Pallido in faccia, che avrd dimolto bella,
Pi vista mesta, dolorosa e grama;
La barba lunga e il corpo ben formato.
L’occhio modesto e alquanto stralunato.
Chi nasce in Martedi.
Domina questo giorno il fiero drudo
Della madre d’ Amor; per& chi nasce
In giorno tal fia di pietade ignudo,
Ed amator delParmi fino in fasce.
Gli piacerh vestire usbergo e scudo,
Che sol di gnerra si nutrisce e pasce:
Quel Pianeta fa l’uomo yaloroso
D’animo ardito, forte e coraggioso.
Chi nasce in Mercoledi.
t Mercurio Pianeta mascolino,
E nel giro secondo ha il suo ricetto;
Chi nasce sotto lui, di pellegrino
Ingegno fia, ma il corpo poco schietto.
Le spalle grosse, l’occhio piccolino,
Sottil di gamba, destro d’intelletto;
1 capei stesi, barba chiara e corta,
Stretto di fronte, cera brutta e smorta.
Chi nasce in Giovedi.
Nel sesto Cielo sta Giove benigno:
Peru di Giovedi domina il giorno.
— 17 —
Chi nasce sotto lui sara sangnigno,
Nohil d’aspetto e di yirtude adorno.
FuggirA ogai pensier empio e maligno,
E a Ini dimoreran sempre d’ir.torno
Le 'dovizie, le grazie ed i favori,
Le grandezze, gFimperi ed i tesori.
Chi nasce in Venerdi.
Vener, nel terzo Cielo ha la sna stanza,
E chi sotto lei nasce ha gran ventnra;
Gli piaceranno i canti e stare in danza,
E in giro attorno yi porrA sua cura.
Faccia gioconda e piena di haldanza,
Parlar soave e amabU di natnra;
Vago di star fra dame e fra donzelle,
E amoreggiare in queste parti e in (jnelle.
Chi nasce di Saba to.
Sta nel settimo giro il podagroso
Satnrno, ed ha del Sabato 1 impero.
Chi in tal di nasce, fia malinconioso.
Con barba nera e yiso aspro e severo,
Brnno di faccia, tardo e catarroso,
Ma d’intelletto raro e d’occhio nero;
Alta la fronte, il naso adnnco e grande,
Con nari larghe d’ambedne le bande.
LA VITA DELL' UOMO
Se qualcuno desidera sapere quanto tem¬
po vive, sono quit io.
— Yive da quando nasce a quando muo-
re ! potrebbe rispondere taluno.
Questo taluno s’ingannerebbe.
Si puo egli contare come vita il tempo
che si passa dormendo, o annojandosi ?
Mai no.
Egco, dunque una statistica delle ore che
yiviamo nel tempo della nostra esistenza:
La media dell’ esistenza umana b di 36
anni, ossia di 333,880 ore.
Levate perb da questa cifra:
1° Due anni d’infanzia, ore 17,520.
2. ° Otto ore di sonno per giorno, in 3G
anni, ore 105,420.
3. ® Otto giorni 1’ anno di malattia, ore
— 19 —
4. ° Quarantotto giorni d’ indisposizionc,
ore 27,640.
5. ® Le cattive giornate nelle quali pur
troppo si trova da dire e si ha quasi occasion
lie di fare a pugni. — In 36 anni e in que^
sti tempi calamitosi e tristi, ore 104,832.
Totale ore 260,020, da dedursida 333,880
ore.
Restano in tutto e per tutto 78,860 ore
pari a nove anni appena; che sono realmen-
te quanto ci rimane di tempo per vivere, nel
senso vero della parola.
Fate poi attenzione che in queste cifre
non sono calcolate per nulla le ore angoscio-
se inerenti ad ogni profcssione, ad ogni si-
tuazione :
Se medico, quando gli ammalati non pa-
gano;
Se avvocato, quando b nominato d’ uf-
fizio;
Se letterato, quando bisogna scrivere per
un giornale, anche non avendo nulla da dire;
Se impiegato quando il suo superiore lo
richiama alFosservanza dell’orario, e nel ri-
scuotere lo stipendio, che non gli basta, si
accorge della ritenuta per ricchezza mobile;
I
Se genero, quando si fa visita alia suo-
cora e ci sono dei pesi di conoscenze;
Se innamorato, quando aspetta inistra-
da o sotto una pioggia dirotta il segnale con-
venuto, o la lettera che non viene;
Se volontario in qualche pubblico uffi-
cio, quando si fa colazione con un panino;
Sempre poi quando si e trattenuti a
chiacchierare da un seccatore, e via dicendo.
Tenuto calcolo di cio, la vita l)uona e
Pella si riduce a cosl poco, die veramentG
sarePPe meglio nascere un canarino !
LA SCALA DEL PIACEBE
Per un’istante.
Bevi dell’acqua fresca quando hai seto.
Per alcuni minuti.
Mangia qualche ghiotto boccone, rimira
palche Bel cayallo clie non t’appartenga, o
palche quadro di distinto pittore.
Per un’ora o due.
Assisti alia rappresentazione d’una buo-
na commedia, leggi nn bel libro, ascolta una
sinfonia, aspetta la tna amante giovane e
leggiadra a un primo, a un secondo e fino
acl un terzo appuntamento.
Per una serata.
Passala in una riunione poco numerosa
d’amici e di donne vezzose senza che abbia
no la pretesa d’esserlo.
Per tutta una giornata.
Fa’ nna buona azione appena alzato, e
prometti fame un’ altra simile pel dopo
pranzo.
Per tutta una settimana.
Recati ad assistcre agli sponsali di qua!
che tno amico, o di qualche tua arnica.
Per un anno .
Sposa una ragazza che tu ami, edacui
sci riamato.
Per tutta la vita.
Divertiti moderatamente e sappiti occn-
pare nel lavoro.
|
<p>I have in my Main.cpp file a JNI call like this:</p>
<pre><code>JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_packagename_MainActivity_GenerateAlphabet(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz)
{
generateAlphabet([](string letters, string numbers) {
return (env)->NewStringUTF("test");
});
}
</code></pre>
<p>but this code gives me the error:</p>
<p><strong>jni/Main.cpp: In lambda function:</strong></p>
<p><strong>jni/Main.cpp:86:33: error: 'env' is not captured</strong></p>
<p>I really need to use env in the lambda function, can anyone help me please.</p>
<p><strong>EDIT:</strong></p>
<p>The accepted answer resolves the problem, but please keep in mind that you cannot return a value inside a lambda expression.</p> |
Rudolf "Rudi" Faßnacht (28 December 1934 in Neu-Ulm in Bavaria – 25 July 2000 in Gonesse) was a German football manager.
Faßnacht coached MSV Duisburg. They finished 7th place in the 1970–71 Bundesliga.
Faßnacht died along with his wife on board Air France Flight 4590, the Concorde which crashed in Gonesse, near Paris, on 25 July 2000.
Related pages
Air France Flight 4590
References
Other websites
1934 births
2000 deaths
German footballers
German football managers
MSV Duisburg managers
Arminia Bielefeld managers
Association football defenders |
is a PC game. It was made in 2007 by a Japanese game creator named Kikiyama. It was created using RPG Maker 2003. It is about a girl named who has odd dreams when she falls asleep.
The game is known for its strange and sometimes scary content.
Gameplay
The player controls Madotsuki and can move her using the arrow keys. If you make her go to sleep by interacting with the bed, she goes into a dream version of her room. From there, you can make her explore 12 different dream worlds by going through doors that are in a large, dark place north of her room.
To beat the game, the player has to find all 24 "effects" that are hidden in Madotsuki's dreams.
Other websites
Yume Nikki & KIKIYAMA's Official Website
Download Yume Nikki
2005 video games
Freeware games
Windows games
Adventure games |
<p>I have Edit Controls and Rich Edit controls in my application that are read-only. But on top of that, I want to make it so I can't select the text or even do anything with it, only display. I did not make it static because when I first made my application I didn't know any better. The ways I thought about solving it would be to disable it. The problem is that if I disable them, they get grey. Is there any good option other than replacing them? Also, for some reason, the "no hide selection" is not working at all. When I select something and then kill the focus, it stays selected...</p>
<p>Info:
IDE: Visual Studio 2010 - Ultimate / Border: Dialog Frame</p>
<p>Thanks for your attention</p> |
<p>I am porting an application from Altivec to Neon.</p>
<p>I see a lot of intrinsics in Altivec which return scalar values.</p>
<p>Do we have any such intrinsics on ARM ?</p>
<p>For instance vec_all_gt</p> |
<p>Ok, Recently I have been working on code for my website to enable users that have logged in to download files that are on the server. I have got the users logging in fine. My problem is getting the ftp_fget() function to work. I have not only tried ftp_fget() but also ftp_get() amd ftp_nb_get(). </p>
<p>How I have got it set up at the moment is on one page all the files in a certain directory are being displayed. I then added this </p>
<pre><code><a href="Replays/sc2_replays/ftp_download.php?file=<? echo "$filename" ?>"><input type="image" src="images/dl_icon.png" width="41" height="41"/></a>
</code></pre>
<p>When clicked it takes the user to the ftp_download.php page which is meant to download the chosen file.</p>
<p>Here is what I have got for the ftp_download page.</p>
<pre><code><?=
$conn_id = ftp_connect("thomassawkins.hostoi.com","21") or die("could not connect");
$ftp_login = ftp_login($conn_id,"USERNAME", "PASSWORD");
$remote_file = $_GET['file'];
$local_file = fopen("$remote_file",'w');
ftp_pasv($conn_id, true);
if(!$ftp_login)
{
echo "could not login";
}
else
{
if (ftp_fget($conn_id, $local_file, $remote_file, FTP_BINARY)){
echo "Successfully written to $local_file\n";
} else {
echo "There was a problem\n";
}
}
ftp_close($conn);
?>
</code></pre>
<p>When I click on the download button for the file I get this error after being directed to the download page </p>
<pre><code>Warning: ftp_fget() [function.ftp-fget]: Can't open sc2 test - 2.txt: No such file or directory in /home/a5015247/public_html/Replays/sc2_replays/ftp_download.php on line 15
</code></pre>
<p>sc2 test - 2.txt is the test file I am trying to download. It is saved in the directory /home/a5015247/public_html/Replays/sc2_replays/</p>
<p>What I am trying to achieve overall is for the user to click on the desired file to download and then have it prompt the user where they are wanting to save the file on their machine. </p>
<p>Any help the solves my problems will be greatly appreciated.</p>
<p>Regards,</p>
<p>Thomas</p>
<p>--edit--
This is the code that displays all the files in the specified directory.</p>
<pre><code><?php
$startdir = 'Replays/sc2_replays';
$showthumbnails = false;
$showdirs = true;
$forcedownloads = false;
$hide = array(
'dlf',
'public_html',
'index.php',
'Thumbs',
'.htaccess',
'.htpasswd'
);
$displayindex = false;
$allowuploads = false;
$overwrite = false;
$indexfiles = array (
'index.html',
'index.htm',
'default.htm',
'default.html'
);
$filetypes = array (
'png' => 'jpg.gif',
'jpeg' => 'jpg.gif',
'bmp' => 'jpg.gif',
'jpg' => 'jpg.gif',
'gif' => 'gif.gif',
'zip' => 'archive.png',
'rar' => 'archive.png',
'exe' => 'exe.gif',
'setup' => 'setup.gif',
'txt' => 'text.png',
'htm' => 'html.gif',
'html' => 'html.gif',
'php' => 'php.gif',
'fla' => 'fla.gif',
'swf' => 'swf.gif',
'xls' => 'xls.gif',
'doc' => 'doc.gif',
'sig' => 'sig.gif',
'fh10' => 'fh10.gif',
'pdf' => 'pdf.gif',
'psd' => 'psd.gif',
'rm' => 'real.gif',
'mpg' => 'video.gif',
'mpeg' => 'video.gif',
'mov' => 'video2.gif',
'avi' => 'video.gif',
'eps' => 'eps.gif',
'gz' => 'archive.png',
'asc' => 'sig.gif',
);
error_reporting(0);
if(!function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor')) $showthumbnails = false;
$leadon = $startdir;
if($leadon=='Replays/sc2_replays') $leadon = '';
if((substr($leadon, -1, 1)!='/') && $leadon!='') $leadon = $leadon . '/';
$startdir = $leadon;
if($_GET['dir']) {
//check this is okay.
if(substr($_GET['dir'], -1, 1)!='/') {
$_GET['dir'] = $_GET['dir'] . '/';
}
$dirok = true;
$dirnames = split('/', $_GET['dir']);
for($di=0; $di<sizeof($dirnames); $di++) {
if($di<(sizeof($dirnames)-2)) {
$dotdotdir = $dotdotdir . $dirnames[$di] . '/';
}
if($dirnames[$di] == '..') {
$dirok = false;
}
}
if(substr($_GET['dir'], 0, 1)=='/') {
$dirok = false;
}
if($dirok) {
$leadon = $leadon . $_GET['dir'];
}
}
$opendir = $leadon;
if(!$leadon) $opendir = 'Replays/sc2_replays/';
if(!file_exists($opendir)) {
$opendir = 'Replays/sc2_replays/';
$leadon = $startdir;
}
clearstatcache();
if ($handle = opendir($opendir)) {
while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) {
//first see if this file is required in the listing
if ($file == "." || $file == "..") continue;
$discard = false;
for($hi=0;$hi<sizeof($hide);$hi++) {
if(strpos($file, $hide[$hi])!==false) {
$discard = true;
}
}
if($discard) continue;
if (@filetype($leadon.$file) == "dir") {
if(!$showdirs) continue;
$n++;
if($_GET['sort']=="date") {
$key = @filemtime($leadon.$file) . ".$n";
}
else {
$key = $n;
}
$dirs[$key] = $file . "/";
}
else {
$n++;
if($_GET['sort']=="date") {
$key = @filemtime($leadon.$file) . ".$n";
}
elseif($_GET['sort']=="size") {
$key = @filesize($leadon.$file) . ".$n";
}
else {
$key = $n;
}
$files[$key] = $file;
if($displayindex) {
if(in_array(strtolower($file), $indexfiles)) {
header("Location: $file");
die();
}
}
}
}
closedir($handle);
}
//sort our files
if($_GET['sort']=="date") {
@ksort($dirs, SORT_NUMERIC);
@ksort($files, SORT_NUMERIC);
}
elseif($_GET['sort']=="size") {
@natcasesort($dirs);
@ksort($files, SORT_NUMERIC);
}
else {
@natcasesort($dirs);
@natcasesort($files);
}
//order correctly
if($_GET['order']=="desc" && $_GET['sort']!="size") {$dirs = @array_reverse($dirs);}
if($_GET['order']=="desc") {$files = @array_reverse($files);}
$dirs = @array_values($dirs); $files = @array_values($files);
?>
<div id="listingcontainer">
<div id="listingheader">
<div id="headerfile"></div>
<div id="headersize"></div>
<div id="headermodified"></div>
</div>
<div id="listing">
<?
$class = 'b';
if($dirok) {
?>
<div><a href="<?=$dotdotdir;?>" class="<?=$class;?>"><img src="http://www.000webhost.com/images/index/dirup.png" alt="Folder" /><strong>..</strong> <em>-</em> <?=date ("M d Y h:i:s A", filemtime($dotdotdir));?></a></div>
<?
if($class=='b') $class='w';
else $class = 'b';
}
$arsize = sizeof($dirs);
for($i=0;$i<$arsize;$i++) {
?>
<div><a href="<?=$leadon.$dirs[$i];?>" class="<?=$class;?>"><img src="http://www.000webhost.com/images/index/folder.png" alt="<?=$dirs[$i];?>" /><strong><?=$dirs[$i];?></strong> <em>-</em> <?=date ("M d Y h:i:s A", filemtime($leadon.$dirs[$i]));?></a></div>
<?
if($class=='b') $class='w';
else $class = 'b';
}
$arsize = sizeof($files);
for($i=0;$i<$arsize;$i++) {
$icon = 'unknown.png';
$ext = strtolower(substr($files[$i], strrpos($files[$i], '.')+1));
$supportedimages = array('gif', 'png', 'jpeg', 'jpg');
$thumb = '';
if($filetypes[$ext]) {
$icon = $filetypes[$ext];
}
$filename = $files[$i];
if(strlen($filename)>43) {
$filename = substr($files[$i], 0, 40) . '...';
}
$fileurl = $leadon . $files[$i];
?>
<div>
<table width="574" border="0.5" align="center">
<tr>
<th width="59" align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">&nbsp;</th>
<th width="136" align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><img src="http://www.000webhost.com/images/index/<?=$icon;?>" alt="<?=$files[$i];?>" /><strong><?=$filename;?></strong>
</a></th>
<th width="101" align="center" valign="middle" scope="col"><em>
<?=round(filesize($leadon.$files[$i])/1024);?>
KB</em></a></th>
<th width="186" align="center" valign="middle" scope="col">
<?=date ("M d Y h:i:s A", filemtime($leadon.$files[$i]));?>
</a></th>
<th width="70" align="right" valign="middle" scope="col">
<a href="ftp_download.php?filedir=<? echo "./$opendir"?>"><input type="image" src="images/dl_icon.png" width="41" height="41"/></a>
</a></th>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<?
if($class=='b') $class='w';
else $class = 'b';
}
?></div>
</code></pre>
<p></p>
<p>What happens is when the user clicks the icon here</p>
<pre><code><a href="ftp_download.php?filedir=<? echo "./$opendir"?>"><input type="image" src="images/dl_icon.png" width="41" height="41"/></a>
</code></pre>
<p>They are then redirected to download.php which handles the download part of it. At the moment I am not even able to successfully change the directory using chdir for some reason. the error that I get is </p>
<pre><code>Warning: ftp_chdir() [function.ftp-chdir]: Can't change directory to /Replays/sc2_replays/: No such file or directory in /home/a5015247/public_html/ftp_download.php on line 15
</code></pre>
<p>the file dumby file that I am trying to download is in the directory public_html/Replays/sc2_replay/dumby.txt. </p>
<p>I also user ftp_pwd to find out what directory I am currently in when i get this error and it outputs "/". Im not sure what that means</p>
<pre><code>ftp_chdir($conn_id, "/Replays/sc2_replays/");
echo ftp_pwd($conn_id);
</code></pre>
<p>Regards,</p>
<p>Thomas</p> |
The pampas cat or gato de las pampas (Leopardus pajeros or Leopardus colocolo) is a small wild cat that lives in the Andes mountain range. They live in Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay, Brazil, Ecuador, and Colombia. Some scientists think this cat is really three species, L. colocolo, L. braccatus, and L. pajeros. Other scientists think they are all one species.
This cat lives in many kinds of habitats: cloud forests, swamps, scrublands, and grasslands.
This cat mostly eats small rodents such as guinea pigs and mice, but they also catch birds, for example flamingoes. Scientists saw pampas cats going to penguin nests to eat eggs and baby penguins. Farmers say that this cat can kill goats and chickens.
In most of the countries where the pampas cat lives, it is illegal to kill one. The pampas cat is in danger of dying out because humans are using or want to use the land that it lives on for farms. Indigenous people of the South America like the pampas cat because it is a sign of fertility and they believe killing a pampas cat brings bad luck. But the same people also like to have a dead pampas cat's skin or whole body for ceremonies.
This cat's body is 42 to 79 cm long and its tail is another 22 to 33 cm long. It can weigh 3 to 4 kg. Its fur is thick and long. It can be pale yellow to dark gray-brown or dark dull red in color. It can have stripes or spots or not. It almost always has rings on its legs and tail.
The first visual recordings of the pampas cat, a movie and photos, were made in 2006.
References
Felines
Mammals of South America |
Mark John Douglas Messier (; born January 18, 1961) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre and a former special assistant to the president and general manager of the New York Rangers. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 until 2004. He played for the Edmonton Oilers, New York Rangers, and Vancouver Canucks. He also played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). He was nicknamed "The Moose" because of his aggressiveness and strength.
Career
He is considered to be one of the greatest NHL players of all time that was unable to win an Olympic medal. Messier is listed second on the all-time career lists for regular season points (1887), playoff points (295) and regular season games played (1756). During his career, he was able to win six Stanley Cups, winning it five times the Oilers and one time with the Rangers.
He is the only player to have captained two different professional teams to championships. During his time with New York, he was nicknamed "The Messiah" because of his playoff leadership while there, which helped end a 54-year Stanley Cup drought in 1994. He is a two-time Hart Trophy winner, winning it in 1990 and 1992.
Messier is only one of two players (the other being Wayne Gretzky) to have won the Hart Trophy with more than one team. He was also a one-time Conn Smythe Trophy winner as the most valuable player during the playoffs in 1984. He was named as an NHL All-Star 15 times during his career and was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 12, 2007. On June 30, 2017, he was named an Officer of the Order of Canada by Governor General David Johnston.
References
Other websites
1961 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Edmonton Oilers players
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
National Hockey League broadcasters
New York Rangers players
Sportspeople from Edmonton
Stanley Cup champions
Vancouver Canucks players
World Hockey Association players
Central Professional Hockey League players |
Seboncourt is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne |
Just Fontaine (born 18 August 1933) is a French former football player and manager. He has played for France national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1953/54||rowspan="3"|Nice||rowspan="3"|Division 1||24||17
|-
|1954/55||28||20
|-
|1955/56||17||5
|-
|1956/57||rowspan="6"|Stade Reims||rowspan="6"|Division 1||31||30
|-
|1957/58||26||34
|-
|1958/59||32||24
|-
|1959/60||28||28
|-
|1960/61||7||4
|-
|1961/62||7||2
200||164
200||164
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1953||1||3
|-
|1954||0||0
|-
|1955||0||0
|-
|1956||1||0
|-
|1957||1||0
|-
|1958||12||18
|-
|1959||4||7
|-
|1960||2||2
|-
!Total||21||30
|}
References
1933 births
Living people
1958 FIFA World Cup players
French footballers
French football managers |
Amboise is a commune in central France’s Loire Valley. It is in the Indre-et-Loire department. It covers . In 2014, 13,371 people lived there.
Amboise is known for the Château d'Amboise, a 15th-century castle. King Charles VIII lived there. Leonardo da Vinci's tomb is there. There are royal chambers, gardens and underground passageways.
Near Amboise is Château du Clos Lucé, da Vinci's former home. Da Vinci lived there until his death in 1519. It has a small museum displaying working models of his designs.
Transport
Road
The D31, D61, D81, D83, D431, D751 and D952 pass through the commune of Amboise.
Rail
Amboise has a train station.
Air
There is an airport around 20 kilometres (12 miles) away in Tours.
Twin towns
Amboise is twinned with Boppard in Germany, Fana in Mali, Suwa in Japan, Vinci in Italy and Baleni in Romania.
References
Communes in Indre-et-Loire |
Hsu Pang-hsing (, January 29, 1909 - August 3, 1984) was a Hakka doctor from Pingtung, Taiwan.
Life
Hsu was born in Zhongxinlun, Neipu (, a town of Pingtung) in 1909. He studied at Neiho Elementary School (), Takao Middle School () and Taihok Medical College (). In 1931, he married Chiu Jen-mei. They had six children
After the end of World War II in 1945, Hsu began to serve as the first surgery director of National Taiwan University Hospital, but he resigned in 1950. After that, he set up Hsu Surgery Hospital (徐外科醫院) in 1950 and created Private Meiho Senior high school (美和高中) in 1961.
In 1971, he set up the Meiho Youth baseball team, six-time world champion. In 1984, Hsu died at the age of 76.
Family
Father: Hsu Yu-hsiang(徐友祥)
Mother: Chiu Hua-mei(邱華妹)
Wife:Chiu Jen-mei(邱壬妹)
First daughter: Hsu Li-ying(徐麗英)
Second daughter: Huei-ying Hsu Fang(房徐蕙英), her husband is Fang Jin-yan
Granddaughter: Fang Zihning(房滋寧), Fang Lyusih(房律思)
First son: Hsu Tan-lin(徐旦隣)
Third daughter: Hsu Mei-ying(徐美英)
Second son: Hsu Yu-tu(徐於菟)
Third son: Hsu Chi-lin(徐齊隣)
References
Hsu's chronology
Taiwanese people
1909 births
1984 deaths
Physicians |
Hennadiy Adolfovych Kernes (, 27 June 1959 – 17 December 2020) was a Ukrainian politician. In 2010, he became Mayor of Kharkiv. He was born in Kharkiv.
Kernes was hospitalized in September 2020 with COVID-19 in Berlin. He died on 17 December 2020 from kidney failure caused by COVID-19 at the age of 61.
References
1959 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Ukrainian politicians
Mayors |
<p>I want to extract some Text out of a website and store in String.</p>
<pre><code><div class="textclass" id="textid" itemprop="itemtext">I want to get this Text</div>
</code></pre>
<p>What goes into the question marks?</p>
<pre><code>protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
try {
Document document = Jsoup.connect(url).get();
Elements text = document.select("???");
desc = text.attr("???");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
</code></pre> |
Brussels Airlines is the main Belgian airline. It flies from Brussels Airport to destinations in Europe, Africa and North America.
History
Brussels Airlines was created as the result of the merger of SN Brussels Airlines and Virgin Express in March 2006. SN Brussels Airlines had been created from Sabena, the former Belgian flag carrier, that had ceased operations on 7 November 2001. SN Brussels Airlines started its operations only five months later. Virgin Express was a low-cost airline, owned by the Virgin Group. In 2004, SN Airholding took over Virgin Express, and in 2006 it was announced that both companies would merge and fly under the Brussels Airlines brand. In 2008, the Lufthansa group bought 45% of Brussels Airlines' shares, and Brussels Airlines joined the Star Alliance.
Fleet
Brussels Airlines has the following aircraft in its fleet:
Cooperation
It is a member of the Star Alliance.
The company has codeshare agreement with many companies such as Air Canada, Air Malta, All Nippon Airways, Austrian Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Croatia Airlines, EgyptAir, Etihad Airways, Hainan Airlines, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, Swiss International Air Lines, TAAG Air Angola, TAP Portugal, TAROM, Thai Airways, United Airlines and others.
In 2019, Brussels Airlines made agreements with Africa World Airlines and Aeroflot Russian Airlines.
Gallery
References
Other websites
Official website
2006 establishments in Europe
Airlines of Europe
Star Alliance
Companies of Belgium
Transport in Belgium
Brussels
IATA members |
Cromwell is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States.
Towns in Connecticut |
<p>I am doing a generic automation script.</p>
<p>I need to send complex swipe events to the android screen without specifically having access to the focused application(s)</p>
<p>Best way I figured so far is to use adb, create a file with sendevent commands, push it on the device and run it from there. Even that, it is painfully slow (much slower compared to if I record it with getevent and pipe it back in).</p>
<p>I managed to optimize the file since I figured out that each sendevent block does not specifically require both X and Y, but it is still a few orders of magnitude slower</p>
<p>Example of part of the file (I'm trying on a HTC One):</p>
<pre><code>sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 57 49
sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 53 942
sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 54 2747
sendevent /dev/input/event5 0 0 0
sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 53 1207
sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 54 2483
sendevent /dev/input/event5 0 0 0
sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 53 1472
sendevent /dev/input/event5 0 0 0
sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 54 2218
sendevent /dev/input/event5 0 0 0
sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 53 1207
sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 54 2483
sendevent /dev/input/event5 0 0 0
sendevent /dev/input/event5 3 53 1472
</code></pre>
<p>So my focus is to optimize the speed of single long-complex swipes, not of multiple small ones.</p>
<p>Anyone know of a better way to do this?</p>
<hr>
<p>So, Chris Stratton's idea worked in principle (re-piping the cat-ed output generates the same swipe successfully), but I can't be able to create my own code to pipe it back in. I'm guessing it's something to do with the separators between send event commands... but I still can't get it to work</p>
<p>I used a modification of the sendevent.c file to get a file with triples per line and output to another file. Do you happen to know what could be the issue? Conversion looks good ...</p>
<hr>
<p>SOLLUTION: I managed to solve it, mostly thanks to the answers bellow. Here is a C script that takes a file with HEX values and outputs the appropriate binary file.</p>
<p>Usage: (for me the touch driver file is /dev/input/event5 - HTC One - for other devices it might be a different file !!!) </p>
<pre><code> $> adb shell getevent > tmp.in
$> ./sendevent tmp.in tmp.out
$> adb shell push tmp.out /mnt/sdcard/
$> adb shell "cd /mnt/sdcard/ && cat tmp.out > /dev/input/event5"
</code></pre>
<p>and the source:</p>
<pre><code>#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
typedef uint32_t __u32;
typedef uint16_t __u16;
typedef __signed__ int __s32;
__attribute__((aligned(1),packed)) struct input_event {
__u32 time_dummy_1;
__u32 time_dummy_2;
__u16 type;
__u16 code;
__s32 value;
};
int convert (char * str) {
return (int) strtol(str, NULL, 16);
}
#define S_ALL (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH)
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
int i;
int fd;
int ret;
if(argc < 3) {
fprintf(stderr, "use: %s in-file out-file\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
fd = open(argv[2], O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, S_ALL);
if(fd < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "could not open %s, %s\n", argv[2], strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
FILE * fd_in = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if (fd_in == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Can't open input file: %s\n", argv[1]);
return 1;
}
struct input_event event;
char type[32];
char code[32];
char value[32];
int count = 0;
while (fscanf(fd_in, "%s %s %s", type, code, value) != EOF) {
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
// printf("%d) %s %s %s\n", ++count, type, code, value);
event.type = convert(type);
event.code = convert(code);
event.value = convert(value);
memset(type, 0, sizeof(type));
memset(code, 0, sizeof(code));
memset(value, 0, sizeof(value));
ret = write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
if(ret < sizeof(event)) {
fprintf(stderr, "write event failed, %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
</code></pre> |
<p>How do I search for a string in one particular row in excel? the I have the row index in a long type variable.</p>
<pre><code>Dim rowIndex As Long
rowIndex = // some value being set here using some code.
</code></pre>
<p>Now I need to check if a particular value exists in the row, whoose index is rowIndex.</p>
<p>If there is match, I need to get the column Index of the first matching cell.</p>
<p>I have tried using Match function, but I dont know how to pass the rowIndex variable in place of the cell range.</p>
<pre><code>Dim colIndex As Long
colIndex = Application.Match(colName, Range("B <my rowIndex here>: Z <my rowIndex here>"), 0)
</code></pre> |
Kush civilization had its center in the region of Nubia. This was in northern Sudan of today. We know about it through the Egyptians who moved south around 2500 BC. When the Middle Kingdom of Egypt ended an independent kingdom of Kush developed. About 1500 BC Egyptians moved southwards again, but this time met organized resistance. Historians are not sure whether this resistance came from many city states or a single unified empire. The Egyptians won, and the region became a colony of Egypt under the control of Thutmose I. The region supplied Egypt with resources.
In the eleventh century BC internal disputes in Egypt caused colonial rule to collapse and an independent kingdom arose based at Napata in Nubia. This kingdom was ruled by locals who overthrew the colonial regime. But Kush had many beliefs and gods in common with Egypt.
In the Bible
The name given to this civilization comes from the Old Testament where Cush (Hebrew: כוש) was one of the sons of Ham (Son of Noah) who settled in Northeast Africa. The Bible refers to Cush on a number of occasions. Moses wife, Tzipporah, is described as a Kushite in the book of Numbers.
Related pages
Meroe
References
Jean Leclant. "The empire of Kush: Napata and Meroe" UNESCO General History of Africa
A. Hakem with I. Hrbek and J. Vercoutter. "The civilization of Napata and Meroe" UNESCO General History of Africa
P.L. Shinnie. "The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia c. 660 BC to c. AD 600" Cambridge History of Africa - Volume 2 Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Other websites
Ancient Gold Center Discovered on the Nile
On Kush
Voyage au pays des pharaons noirs Travel in Sudan : pictures and notes on the nubian history
Scholars Race to Recover a Lost Kingdom on the Nile from the New York Times.
History of Africa
Ancient Egypt |
Syria is divided into 14 governorates. Those governates are divided into 64 districts. Every governorate and district has a capital city, except of the Rif Dimashq Governorate and Markaz Rif Dimashq district.
In all districts of Syria, the district has the same name as its capital. The one exception is the Mount Simeon District where the capital is the city of Aleppo.
This is a list of all Governorate and District capitals.
Other cities and towns
Other large cities and notable towns include:
References
Syria
Syria |
Gelterkinden is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.
References
Other websites
Official website
Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft |
Calvi is a small town and commune of the Haute-Corse, in France. It is on the northwest coast of the island of Corsica, 95 km from Bastia and 24 km from L'Île-Rousse. The town has 5,177 people (1999), and is the fifth-largest commune in Corsica. There is a legend that Christopher Columbus was from Calvi, which at the time was part of the Genoese empire. The 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment of the French Foreign Legion is based in Calvi.
The economy of Calvi is mainly based on tourism, which started in 1950.
Airports
The Ste-Catherine International Airport of Calvi.
References
Other websites
Official website
Calvi travel information at Wikivoyage
Gallery
Communes in Haute-Corse
Subprefectures in France |
Urartu (Assyrian Urarṭu, Urartian Biainili) was an ancient Armenian kingdom. It was in the mountainous plateau between Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and Caucasus mountains, later known as the Armenian Highland, and it centered around Lake Van (present-day eastern Turkey). The kingdom existed from ca. 860 BC, emerging from Late Bronze Age Nairi polities, until 585 BC. The name corresponds to the Biblical Ararat. Urartians are the earliest ancestors of the Armenians.
Urartu extended from Lake Van southeastward to Mannai, and sometimes even included that land as one of its provinces.
Related pages
Arzashkun
Kingdom of Armenia (Antiquity)
References |
A chord chart (or chart) is a form of musical notation that describes the basic harmonic and rhythmic information for a song or tune.
Musical notation |
Waukesha County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 389,891, making it the third-most largest county in Wisconsin. Its county seat is Waukesha.
References
Wisconsin counties |
Louis-Pierre Bougie (16 August 1946 – 10 January 2021) was a Canadian painter and printmaker. His works focused in engraving and etching. His work is regularly shown in Canadian, American, and European galleries.
Bougie died from pneumonia on 10 January 2021, aged 74.
References
1946 births
2021 deaths
People from Quebec
Canadian artists
Deaths from pneumonia |
1066 Harold’s Way is a long-distance path in South East England. It was developed in 2013.
The path goes from Westminster Abbey to Battle Abbey. It goes through London, Kent and East Sussex. The route includes parts of the Thames Path, the Green Chain Walk, the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and the High Weald AONB.
1066 Harold’s Way commemorates King Harold II’s march to the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066. It is based on the Roman road network that was still being used in 1066. That went from London to Rochester along Watling Street and then south through Maidstone, Staplehurst, Sissinghurst, Benenden and Bodiam, a clear route through the former Forest of the Andreasweald and a route that offers some of the best scenic views for walkers.
The total length of 1066 Harold’s Way is 160 km (100 miles), mainly along Public Footpaths and Public Rights of Way (PRoW) and as a result, is unsuitable for cyclists or riders on horseback.
The route is mixed-category in that it varies throughout the length from footpath (80%) to bridleway, byway and road. Some 15% of 1066 Harold’s Way is along roads, of which almost all are on minor lanes. The route is accessible by public transport.
1066 Harold’s Way links with the 1066 Country Walk.
London to Rochester
From Westminster Abbey, 1066 Harold’s Way follows the Embankment and the Thames Path to Greenwich, the O2Arena and the Thames Barrier. It continues to Erith along the Green Chain Walk through Marryon Park, Charlton Park, Plumstead Common, Bostall Woods, and Lesnes Abbey Woods. After Cray Marshes, the path follows the River Darent through Dartford to climb up to the North Downs at Beacon Hill Country Park. It continues through Jeskyn’s Country Park, past the Darnley Mausoleum to join the North Downs Way. It then goes to Rochester along the Strood Community Trail. It ends at Rochester Castle (English Heritage).
Rochester to Battle
1066 Harold’s Way leaves Rochester by the Medway Valley Walk. It joins the North Downs Way (NDW) to go up to Bluebell Hill with views south over the Medway Valley towards Maidstone. Going downhill, it passes Kit's Coty House (English Heritage). It leaves the NDW to follow the path through Cobtree Manor Park joining the River Medway, close to Allington Lock, for the final walk, along the Medway Valley Walk, to Maidstone and The Archbishop’s Palace. The route continues through the Loose Valley Conservation Area up onto the ragstone ridge to join the route of the old Roman road on the descent into the Low Weald. It continues through Staplehurst, Hocker Edge, Sissinghurst Castle (National Trust), Sissinghurst, Benenden, Iden Green and Sandhurst joining the Sussex Border Path to Bodiam Castle (NT). 1066 Harold’s Way finishes at Battle Abbey (EH) where it links with 1066 Country Walk from Pevensey to Rye.
Battle sites
1066 Harold’s Way passes by or overlooks some of the key battle sites in English History including:
Hastings (1066)
Medway (AD 43)
Aylesford (455)
Southwark (1066)
Rochester (1215, 1264, & 1667)
Cobham (1554)
Maidstone (1648)
Places of interest
Greenwich
Thames Barrier
Cobham, Kent
Darnley Mausoleum
Temple Manor
Rochester Castle
Kit's Coty House
Archbishop's Palace, Maidstone
Sissinghurst Castle Garden
Bodiam Castle
Battle Abbey
Further reading
Battlefields of Kent and Sussex by Rupert Matthews, Frances Lincoln,
1066 Country Walk: Brian Smailes, Challenge Publications,
Other websites
Long Distance Walkers Association
1066 Harold's Way
1066 Country Walk
The Ramblers
East Sussex
Geography of London
Kent |
Nusa Penida is an island to the southeast of Bali, Indonesia. The island is a subdistrict of the Klungkung regency. There are two small islands nearby: Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan. The Badung Strait separates the island from Bali while the Lombok Strait separates it from Lombok.
Diving is very popular around the island and there are many Macaques living on the island.
Bali
Islands of Indonesia |
Fontet is a commune. It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France.
Communes in Gironde |
Sir John Byron MP (1562-1623) was an English nobleman, politician, knight, and Member of Parliament for Nottinghamshire in 1597. He was the son of Sir John Byron (died 1600). He had one daughter and ten sons, including some Cavalier commanders in the English Civil War: John Byron, 1st Baron Byron, Richard Byron, 2nd Baron Byron, Sir Robert Byron, Sir Philip Byron, and Sir Thomas Byron.
Ancestry
References
1562 births
1623 deaths
English people
Knights
Byron family |
This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project
to make the world's books discoverable online.
It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject
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publisher to a library and finally to you.
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Jeanne S. Chall Collection
on the Teaching of Reading
HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
MONROE C. GUTMAN
LIBRARY
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HARVARD GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
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Letter. Name. Sound.
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21
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pi'^o Ldee. ti t6 ejtt iiepsi jna p^»ia vie
c+iatJH. ti tree 8 oine wrta pi-^jo +16 oj*-
ui'. Qvi©* Tje vip»i atH «io»i 1© s^ee iri-s^he
pi-vio aa+M ai'sna tn >^ wout ; ^ne ue ern ore
©sa, tH eei'+rs^ wee, 10 xei* o»iJt6. Ua Dsa a
QS>he 10 X avi©, jHa HvIi iJO»iir«iit fri-i hot
jat06 +1. Osa avite 81- ©A»ia 1© avi©6.
2f6 Qjidf J1 'S^jor'ia flso.
IJS^H XXIII.
X ©01.
*o+»i, ^h& foi-he vi»i +is^ f ja. ^ro ciois^ et
WAia, J»i€i *ro 81* 180. X i80 ur»i6 ote otto
Id) yo€ io 031 Vjd, f u+c te ^wai Jna ©sa, ^na
p*viD Vy+c arui* jna cae 8t *roiJ»o6 08a.
X wiia ooi«^ tte jorn f* ftiG ^na tvio*,
^1)8^ >^iB s^on jHa 9ron ^asi pi'vio 1t8* io
li8«^, \ma tr^*! \jp fijj»i YO vipjt 10 Jii-oc yjo.
X 186 liKiB iJti ui vo ire >^J0, ^hq he utv
xio, jHia lia &i ei vie ybi* una. X8 liti ai
oi'S*, laee, a8i'6 vie itae, ^»ia Queh. ?^h ac
Doie j»ia OWL 8t 08a vJg v wsi %je y O^Doat
001.
Qjsdfji ^Aorne flso.
27
IJS^H XXIV.
9ei f jans^.
l)r»i vje )i wrts^i f ja+is^ avi+6 ojh ©ji tmo
t6 1© sooo ot c© loajoa f ijj»i ua prts^i
J1J011 1© Y©^ loajoo, ot " y p+iLt uaa," J6
+1 16 «^rDijrDG ooia, W3 a© »ivii ici>o +i. ti
are HvIi i£s^i luerm 1© e^ i^teis^, an +6
loxsro. Xts^ Dsa aairi- jeji'+ urn ptvio y©6-
+M n, jHa, tHaaa, are aairt ^ro : an yo6 f ©
oeji-oro y H8«^it les^i, a* y o^Hs^irm Yt©s^
vie n, poto 8 f jati pi'vIo fwtc ojHt hma^ i-ta
xjos^jiee. f 8 r»iUA6 ti +€ 1© aao+»i 8 itjoits^
so P+lLt 46 y+S^ I
Da Dsa 46^ta y omrht vje yo6 f© f^e
potDa a^a f^a+is^, us^i wa a ooos^i +m©
xjo ois^o. a* i£otM src 8 oots, wa 8t Drn-
tM )^ eji-t jiaiThs^ vie aei f u+c \ wrta vje ©via
iacj6 r* 1© a©.
28
Qj^atJi ^AQVHe flso.
tJ^^H XXV.
X ©sQ avJt.
f LlJ«i TthJ'S^I llvl6 8 1+11 avit,
fa irtna lo i-aa jna «^iJi :
fa OtU86 lJJ»i1 ih UO 10 ^0(Dl,
f Wvii f+6 aai* orxji* ata no ao,
fa «iJ6Ji' p£ia i<D in :
fa HAeAif s^noo e noit urta,
J^a Hjeji- iota 8 u.
Jna fiiJ»i fa oto lo a 8 o*j"i,
Osa nail irea f+o wji ;
Jna vje f+6 Oc^Ha j»ia «ioai aaa6,
X i+ii c+iatj"! ui.
©via uea f+o lo ; ^he wah fa a*a,
fa ISO f+o n jare ;
J»ia 118^1 f+o +»i 8 f jn+ foo,
f wet 01 +6 las^ j«ia ire.
Qj^ai'ji "^Aorne flso.
29
IJ^H XXVI.
lo6 Oeto*.
1<D viaerte x noe oei'os^. Xe or»i«^+«^i vie x
Ovioj, X s^jot-ooirN, X ooir»i, ^ne x nattra.
y S^jorw aso aoMvii »iO ore jaei y noe
oeto^ : an DJHt Jii s^o^tri'G, yo ye et vrw,
w+i im fidvii X36 Deto^^ j«ia IvI+nis^ oaii, j^a
f8 UM X I'dajt Dsa 106 J1 3C ijr«i vje yja,
aapoi' ye ©J1 li'O y a<io. X06 f© ao »ivii,
D<^0 oeo +1 wfh vie xet pri'^^i s^irate, fuj«i ve
at ieo»i thi© y Lri'a fls© oi8«^.
30 ttj^di-Ji 'S^jorna 8ko.
U^H XXVIL
8 f J1.
A f je 8 »it<D f Ji. +1 1€ ^ auo f Ji. X pri*
^e fu+c n t6 oea f ^6 at»i 9*0.
X it£€r vie y f jui- te 6 jh- y+o^p^ii ; Poi- ti '
ntoec^ae r«^ utx orejt+M pot ©t f ja6, tn x ooia
X f jiji-G a* uo'6 list j«ia y prt vie t^ati^^,
f8i'€, ijsie€, viut, j«ia aaejt, uty fw+c xs o£o
Xet 8f ots^o f Jis^ 08a vie s^ito 4«ia i8d-
tap fw+c 81* Y(D6a th srojt. t* ^^ito t6 x
Qj^i pof f Jis^, oixo ejtt Q^e wh^ eif oee
M fwai s^ito. X ai'8ai'M vie fwai ot tci.
s^ito t6 8 ejtt s^tDii itvis^js, jHa Q^h a ar»i
aci> 1+11 ©rtie utx a6. ti +6 8 otjati i© JHt
vrM teat ig a eat jhq wti+M 1© atea s^ito.
BA^difM ^jorha flj^a.
ai
IJ«^H XXVIII.
V Tjati vje tci^etM rnt t»i x oothtn te wr^ vie
X aj^i fjati^ vrii nani o^h ja^n. ti +6
vie s^o ore tanofirns^, xji x lofe f jg aena 10
•&ido rivjif X »ra9ioi. fa t^L sja, " 'S^as 10
s^iai iviMOJt xj»i t6 »iaaf <^i ; taifif IQ x* aja
rut, xji V 0£ »iv4i a watt ; 4t<i>^ rt|.t, X41 YOt
aviatG 4he Yot Oc^nae oe a t^etcarteiaa."
l)a Dsa H^1 w©tJ0i X 08W1 vie w\ Qa+w
f (D otaeija, r* ; pot fa oiwee ©tee r* ita-
^jiis- fiitc f)* pot m ©sa. >(+^ t€ 8 itas^Jii
fii+c hrh a+s^n+01. X cttatJk ^e ojh, j6 8
w^jtri UM, aaiae ti, t»i«oorc x>ii t'^ f46
aaoro e it^erta vipi taiaxja,
" Tttt 10 ajfl, 4»ia rtit 10 t*6,
Deo 8 a4»i f jil+, wjiLt, 4%a ua6."
X 181-0 t6 n 10 oai X ^r»i,
X a t6 vJH X uitM ;
X 8«ii ft€ leart y46 aaorh,
y otoee w+x otoeto ttw.
J»ia D4i J> *iai TUJH aao6 vie ooth
X8t 1*1 4Ha Qiott Dja ?
Pot LtMOtM aatfi6 wrt HvIi aot»i
:jzi::r-'J
32 QjS'df J1 ^Aorne 8^0.
D^i artae, 4he aae, ^na enis^ a u<^6,
iJi oa litx y ooth+M u&y
Jha KD DA atOlt f£^1.
IJ^H XXIX.
4h otcrta or»iU«i6 ptoi ii'de. X Ptoi
ita6, oi'OH ih oi'cri'ae, et )^ Jii, lei', nac,
iiro, JHa >^ cji-t.
X s^ieii ptoi vJ6 X uonjtEi eon te x Jii.
Xts^ ptoi 1)3 o*j»i f je 10 31 01 X Ydt t8»ia.
S^jejtri %je x ii+»iiJt .jug o^h a ojii, rm+i
X «i+(D ot^i oro6 +»i.
X i£f t6 8 iror^ Ptoi- X ita, f ujh itona
hAS^tt, jnai'e ej'tt atoi+psi.
X 13C f6 8 PAH pfCDi, an X «^a6»i vJg tis
nihm +6 DOti. ti +6 id+earo io orii+eei rn^
idCJG, *o XJ1 f iJ4»i X8 tAi»i, X8 oj»i 3 etAa t«i
wofo an ujxjt.
X 81tt0^1 t6 Ol«^0 8 PAH PtOL tl m»i6
rtit +H X *a6H, 4he 08O* urn je x I'tcj^i
ii'deriee xji wa ©ji 10 ai.
X iiro f6 8 ttc, 9+os^+ Ptoi. Xet ei* ojHt
OAHae vje iiro€. S^ro OAnae vJ6 x WAia iiro
Bit AQ^AiAh% AHQ 08O 8 GJtf f Alt pieerta ita-
X toitoea cjtt te 8 c%dts ptoi.
Qj»atji ^Aorhe flso.
33
lA^h XXX.
83 Oci>Ha 10 WH ^hnjif.
OAHa wrtae 0£o y f eti ©ue.
Ire 10 088 Yot lacjt.
Ire 10 taa jna s^irat.
toni'06 y uo uji.
^130 X ItOL OIU86.
Il-OL +6 Wri-L OOI* XJH ooia.
tl +6 tvIM 10 IJl 8 U.
tl +6 U+OJa 10 S^13l.
tl t6 tviM 10 118 vih y s^^arL ae.
Jwott urtae 08o x f8ti «^ja.
©vja f je 08a oi LtM€.
Ire ©via jna oai ft6 orDJHaojNis^.
©via t6 osa, 9rs^i, 4hq ito.
1)3 D<ia ao f+6 u+t.
Qo 01 y osa yo ojh j6Jt+ a8.
a 18DJ'i1 +H J6Jtt lcl.0 ^6 ItAri.
Hjejt ao HOI' ^e v^i fu+c t6 tviw.
eri-iYo t6 y ito sot^^ ^e f^itHjs^.
tl f6 o^a 10 a Oci>»ia io x lot.
(j)riit68i 8 catpsu at*io6tDrH.
34
Qj^^atJi ^JorHG a^o.
IJ^^tf XXXI.
PvlO^ ? f 3 +€ 8 orn+M
lYOt Y© D£ s^a f © ^u
fa tsos^. fa t6 pvihQ
vie meis^, 4he fa oi«^o
_ tree ctojHG. fwjH fa
"^^^^^^^i-^^-^ UOHIS^ 8 C+OJN, fa uti
viPH lae f+6 f 01 +H X WS06, oro ©i ^1 hai, ^ne
©o tmo y pei'O-vei'a, fuei' y ctojHG i-o^^i, ^na
180 8 PJ1 f JN poi* f+6 ^riAn. X orirt vie x
pvios^ t6 I'ja 01* 01-8 ; JNa f+€ pri- +6 voca Poi*
D80+M f^1«^ ^Ha Q41^. f+e 181 t6 IvIM 4he
asDt. fa fj6 001-1 ate; jna fuj*! fa oro6
©1 pot f+6 poa, fa it+o^ n fte ate, aiia vIpn
iso«^ a^o, 10 fat ^na «^a tp x avioe 8t 8PiJt f+o.
X Pvjos^ trh6 «^i]+pii+ ; ^hQ WAH fd s^ae x
avi06 oro+M 8PiJt ftD, fa trne JU8 io f+6
fci>a+M iie^. Pvio«^j6 s^jiaro ouf) itae J6
a8t6 ao. an X8t u^€ 8 avi+, OJH+ vate joo,
fo U9i 8 i+ii orn. fa ujhi ©i +mo x wsae
10 ltd) f+6 ©rn, JHa doi 8 arta ; ^na f ujh fa
ijvi6 iso+M n +H10 y ita6 pot 8 arta, fa ^o
8 pvios^ fid+c, Lto pat vje x avi06, f ^a trn n
+hio 8 ita. X au+ yjH is© 80 ^i x Pvios^, jna
Dvii f+o, jHa atoi f+o aen pt^o x ita.
ajs^df J1 ^JorhG Sso: 35
IJ«^H XXXII,
Xts^ ae +6 «Ji ^181-1 Qci. X lota pot oj«i io
tj'S'i. X+'S' +6 JH jetaj«is^ ^e y ire fii+c ©^a
f J6 pot D^H. f 3 f J6 loia r^ y«Ji vi«i y+«^ ae
wa Dsa tjs^i Pt^D 01 ©t i8art€, j»ia taajoajt
10 Qdi +1 foit. ©sa c+iatJh ao »ivii wrto
"lOt lie vih X s^^art ae. ^ro avite potoji x
©via TO oea xjo, ^na fo ose xjo x+^ oro>i'ia-
0JH1 : x£ u+i PtD JHa f r«ii ^m x «^jarL ae, oixo
©via f J6 loia xjo 10 ^aerte xt^ ee j»ia tjs^i.
X wrtae vie x lota vIh xts^ *ra9J0i psa a
jHoteea vIh x f etis^ ^e oi cttatJH. Xe et io
a pena t»i x a^o vJg jos^oar^^, x sjona aso
t»i X flc^ai, jHa et j6 Pvit06 :
"taojoajt X s^^art ae io oai ti foit.
^tos^ ae6 D^ii xe leart, ^na ao oi Xci> wrto :
an X ^AQ>hL ae t6 x «^jarL vJ€ x lota xa
©via : ih ti X8 DJii Hvii ao m urto, xe, not
Xci> «^rH, »iOt X* aout, >* ogn-^rterNi, not Xci>
oea-«^rter«ii, not Xci> g)jii, not xa «^iteh9Jt x^i
t6 ijtx+»i xj. oeis^. Pot, ih ^+o«^ aee x lota
oea fje«i «JHa rtL, x :8^a,4Ha oi y^i f»i yjo +6,
4Ha tjs^ua X s^jeHL ae; fwetpot x lota
au«^i X ^^arL ae, 4»ia f^ioa ti.
36 Qjs^atJi 'S^jorna flso.
U^H XXXIII.
" ^rpji' 1+11 CtiGtJH 1(D OrD r»ii(D Oa."
f wjH 936r* nee nvi»i x rtL ; ^
S^o Pvina vie ini poo^ Uvie fa ;
" Potata xjD wi/' fa g)ah0i+ s^ja,
an " 'S^rpjt xjD 10 on 1© oa."
9a6rs^ ijvi6 psi vie if ol ^»ia ire ;
fa iJvie y *r»i ^e ©ja, yo ho,
Xji UP1 f+6 Pexjt'e fOD jare,
1(D tJh^ra 01 ^d-^ urna ptvio wo.
'1t6 sidh f rnatja vai'e ^na ooi-,
'8^+hS fa 11^6 ^lEh poi' YO Jha oa ;
'8*1+1 pi-viD f+6 iac+M6 ua q^h inn
f 8 c+iai-jH OJH 01 f jn+ a.
Qj^3tJi S^jorHa aso. 37
fa '^AQ XJ1 ua orsi ire ac rxjt,
Oae et peyjt ^na ei' oryjt,
J»ia 01 yet iac+M6 ast t»i o*»ia.
Jha vj'iri' xo€ wa Dsa oae,
J»ia a 1© 01 OJH OA»ia ^na ito ;
tp yt^ wa ao ^^^3 ae lo ae ;
9a6r^ iiti iris jna aus^ rs^ 10.
IJ«^H XXXIV.
X loa.
X 10a iso^ 6Jtt roit, j»ia ctiatJH et *ro-
IA06 ^ptea ^e +1, ^6 +p ti wrt iviternr'S'; an x
10a, uo 01 rxjt JH+Dri6, t6 pot ^ro Yto^^.
X ©etaHJt wti ui Yo, XJ1 loae ao osa
t»is^i^a vie feto, — x^i ¥8 et y+os^psi, +«i oiat-
tM f+€ ©eta*! %J6 wrtoe *jha PU6 xji usa s^iviti
X piete, j»ia ai y ptoi, j»ia f wtc y 10a ojcjs^
ejtt ouejtit ^»i ft6 irM.
8 teat ii]r»i^ uq e 1J1 10a futc, wah oa
o£0 tHio y oeta»i, iisa 9roi eput f rt 1© a
pja wty Pi*6. ti i+ea © otei ojht Yat6, tn
y oetah ^6 yt^ teat, j»ia 0A1 a ^dh tn y
ojir«i j«ia o+ooroajt ajae, j«ia «^roiA06 t»i y
©ta»i-f 8S^ ; pot +1 ijjm 9rs^i f wet n iiaea,
aaooe n Wvie fetous^ ^na Ytos^psi.
38
Qjs^atji ^joriia flso.
X8 U+l «^UJl n 1U(I.S^ JS^ 181-9 46 X8 8^ aj. »i81-
YOt ; 4«ia X81' Ym ijr»i6 wa 9rDi %j«i x a^o v^e
X oia i]r«i6, Jha ao s^o 10.
IJS^H XXXV.
X i+o +6 8 ejti- ii'n+ ini JN+Dri, fUJH +1 1-6
0J11 oidh tii 8 «^+(Dijai lAH : an f ujh +1 i'r»i6
4381, 4«ia u%Ji06 +»i X 01% ti ©Jis^ eji-t ari-it ;
pot x+s^ i'a6r»i DJNi- fje ooia 1-1 8 ejtt p+iLt
jH+ori, xo n f46 oia«i ii'8is^ ^aei +1.
+1 ire6 10 paa ^h o+io, Jha ojht rxjt 0(i.«ia6
%je poa. fuj«i p^ma ^na o+ia, n t6 ooia
s^U(i>»i'6 PUD, 4He +6 Y(D6a, aj* ^n^ pot poa.
+»i «^rD oriiii'i'6 it©6 trh WAia +H x potjs^i,
4he i+e 4»ia ©Ji pji %j»i 6£i'+r«^ 0(i>»ia6 ^e vns^ ;
«^rc 46 w^Jihns^, cjs^«iri«^, f 86i»iri«^, 4he eori'«i6.
X uhe 181-1 'Je X i+o, fuj«i o+ia, +6 ooia
uo ; X s^(i.a6 81- ooia aeon ; 4«ia xji 181-1,
or«iJoija w+x x pot-uo, +6 ooia Doiaji- ; x
PJ1 ptvio X ihs^ie +6 ooia i8i'a. l8i'a +6 ^jph
Y(D6a t«i oeo+M atja, i(i>6, 4«ia oeo^. '8^W(i.»i'6
PUD +6 «imIi orhs^+ajia f JiLt poa ; an ^h ojht
181'is^ vje X wn% X thf ^a+irms^ ai 8 otei aai
vi6 n. Ua Dsa ai fois^ro poa, aiax me
E% 4ha ai+MO 1+01 uoui : xjh uauti a f JiLt.
Qj^atji ^JorhQ a^o.
39
IJS^h XXXYI.
11-36 et s^ietua, j»ia 1-6 9j»iji'rii' j|ioio6g a*
ns^Aip u+x 8 osa pahs^. +«i "irt^^dt+e x oi-e^ia
t6 n-ia, 4he X s^aa s^oh +»i 8 oei-psi ojhji'.
fujii X Ym lums^ Jiai- X8 8t woui-a ^na
ii'(D«ia J1 +»iiji'eri6. 8* Jha a*, X8 8^ araja.
Xts^ t6 leart fw+c q^h a arh s^o ae+it xji mi
aMi+6 JHa ©rfie 81- f (i>i'a fo o>i»i utpoi-o x
18S^Q J6 uji 4he >i6 oi)+Qi+ J6 ^arns^. YrM
uae wa s^roi(i.o6 aos^i, w dj«i+ f riiatja lac
ot Jii ara6 X8 ojh tH^^rti t»i 8 ae. +1 te
ejtt d6+ 10 in-N 10 ara. tnaaa +i +e s^o
«^+oii, XJ1 Jht iri-sh oj«i a 101 x 81*1 tn 8 p+o
D+iins^. Sput YO ^h^m x ara, yo ij. n +H
li+X 8 USIH LtJa Ot 1'>l©. th UH a86, XtS^
wja Dsa a i-aooea, «^o xji x ^Ji ojh pig
ptdit tmo X ara. Brem +6 9j«iJi'ri+ ar*! th x
oriiLS^ %J6 Oors^i 4he ^Jiuoajt. +»i x pviio+M
^mm, X ImIi ^e x iu«ii jare x ara t€ on %jp,
jha HrL+M an x ara Jiea io oi-q : oi x rxjt
DOis^ 81- i-raa ot i+»ici vip ; jha oi x s^itJML
vie X luhi 006 +H10 X ara, fw+c ^h uo a3oro6
18*9, 4he ai'j»iCJ6 81. Sput X ara f46 ©I'O'i
Wh Ot 10 Y31'6, X ltd 1-6 tjat POt It^hS^lUm+M
thio X 01'cri'a-
40
Qj^^di-ji ^JorhG flso.
IJ^h XXXVII.
lo 8 Quhe Cue.
0, ^idQ X itOL, OA ii'+it cue
tp llJ«i1J0 tH YOt Y(DL.
Pot itOL 1-6 i(i>o 8 ireii- Piet
Xji ai(DD6 +h ^rojt'e ae ;
+1 +6 8 pim XJ1 Hjeji' P8a6 —
U^ ai%j«^rD6 hst a308-
0, «i3o X itOL, DA a8i'i+M cua,
•J»ia hJGJt iJi 8 u ;
Yo'i ho +1* e>iiY(D, fuj»i Y(D mo
lo a ^6 oia J€ J) I
OlXO J)'D 18^+11 10 X 0^*86,
•Jna OOh +6 01 01 YOL,
8 ajut ae d s^oh dji ^a
t»i X am i-jiDG vje itOL.
0, *n8o y ifOL, DA ireit aia,
f wet vo D8 C8"i* 10 a ;
'Iwti <d<i.a vo Ltd) y+* uati- wrtia
^0 uo 8 itraia *d.
X TtOL uti saov y troja net,
tf> YO an odi ti *i+i :
1tOL hjej-f taae i© fWvJi te -»vJM,
MHa iijejt laae kd ti.
He, iji 03 ot* yji ittit 08l
^ha i8ti XJ1 *tiot fet,
Xj"! ©0 Jha attM 8 pteofrm piet
Jna xjH Yo'i o+* vot ot>i>ia-D8'6 cao
N>ia oro j>ia *ti hat a*,
•Jsa vo titi a vot ©tJha-D8'6 ui
XjI Utl hvJI IJl 8 lA.
42
Qj^dtJi ^jorna flso.
IJS^H XXXVIII.
X Ddi.
181'9J1' XJ»i 8 181*9 a%J©: PAh, «^vlP1, woto list
ot06 01 06Jt n^ avjat : li'^'S^ u<)i t6 on vJp t«i
X S^ll'I'M vie X Ydt U+X 181*9 Ddte ; 4he n 1-6
8PiJi'wri'a6 oea n tmo ysi-h, ^i%jo+k6, oi%jl,
j«ia rxjt L+M6 i(D uet. ^ro oai et Wcua, Jha
s^ro 81* 183. X 081 Ddi +6 ooia 8 t^a ; ¥ pdoei,
8 Y(D, Jha X YrM Ur«i6, U06. X Y(D6 Ote HcfS^
D+io. Xet PUD +6 oota onrii j«ia t€ ore am
th JGJtt ll£S^ fWet D31 81* OJH. X PJ1 t6
ojiua jNa oea thio o^haie ^na ^oi. Xo6
f(D 180 y €81*9 mI6 ^ D31, 81* OOta DJlJI-ae,
j«ia >^8 f J6 hj^s^ 18*9 aMio€ fwtc ane x oai
JImIM, Jha 031 >^J0 PtvIO OOtM P81f 81 viG V U8,
ijs^i X wsip Dsa ojc >iha ai xjo, ot j«it f 81*0
Dsa f J1H 10 >^J0.
Qjs^atji ^jor«i0 flso.
43
U^H XXXIX.
iviNa. fe-s^oox jha oiat x (i>s^ te : x avi+e
8* s^oeitM, jha y ©rtiG et s^i<i»atn nvi«i ns^
ISO Ll-O 1-1 +i|10 X WOUI', Jha S^3 S^OOl S^10»i6
%j»i X avJiro, >i»ia +»iS^jQis^,^»ia ptoje fwtc s^m-o
+i| D1'«i1J4' 1(l>0, y a86 81* DOtl, JHa X «i(l>1S^ 8^
UM. X s^r«i s^ao€ P8i' jd8 pt^io rs^ wne^ x
«^8L, j«ia x+s^ 006J6 X et 10 a s^o ooia, j«ia x
hAIS^ S^O IvJM.
f Djii y »i(i>i«^ 81* ImIm, c+iatJH Dsa HmIi suna
01 v+s^ u^ +H sidi. f yjH X uri'O m y ae +6
oeMy Jha ojh, Jha foi-s^je, 4he oens^, Jha
wj©rH6, 8t Hvii fri-a th v sitais^, j«ia JGJi't
L+M te s^n-i ; yjh te x ij^o poi' c+iai'jh 10 sn
44
Qjs^dtJi ^Aorne fl^o.
4itehe e Q^e n% ^ne i-aa s^ro Q^e aso, ot
13C urn jNrxjt s^ro y+os^psi us^h, oh 100 vie
ja8i xet «^irat6 J1 «^o(di. X+Si ij<)a a e eji-t
©sa we 10 *ij»ia lei-i ^je xet i^jm utNui'
IJ^H XL.
ajtooe 8 C8H9. X f jh, wtx frt c+os^, ©06
.oirotM jaei ; x aro, w+x f rt atoa, ^u+06 mIh
X ivina ; x oos^ Jha 0^€i+m6 paa +H x i8S^iy(di';
X Ddi h+ai X ©tail 04'8S^ ^6 n ^ittwe n, Jha
X itii 1806 s^on JHa pi-t^o Jtena x y(D6. >^
c+iatJh ire 10 paa x f jhg, irto+e, Jha ©as^,
jHa ojxjt X h+oii-iea J06. >^ a^j+e ieo x
086, ^JOS^h, Jha f01'S^J6 10 X PtJD 18«^1Y(D1',.
fwei- X8 Q4h i-aoei xjo^jie6 ^jh x ^uai h+o
0i'8«, fw+c X8 tJi+D «^o ore, Jha fw+c oeos^
xet s^o+»i6 1^0 s^ocDx Jha pei-, Jha xet (I.6 ^0 am.
X ar<fa6 ^tw, irtci ^h x ii'a6 ; x paia6 8^
©tan, jHa x oiat auo s^qa isos^ ireit. Oi
•teiYOt «^ao6 Pi-JD w+x etort, Jha i+»i9a w+x
atoit. As^i- u+hi^i' f J6 0t6h n fn ib% j«ia oa
HO ivJHOJi- i'8H6 ; an HeiYot, pi'aa pt^jo f ri-
ormi-oi, i<)i^ POtL f ri- 9(i>riii jprtis^, 10 cat
^he ouan x f 8ti vie djh.
0j^d<fji ^AorhQ flso.
45
U^H XLL
letjms^ 4He pi-jhae fo n-oe^a poi- xjo oio^e
jha poa, >i»ia jpoi-a xjo DJH+ oroprti* i(d iiae,
jha 08O yjo f Jit. fld^c^ae X36, ye idc xjo
DJht lJS^h6, yj1 U+l a Y+CDS^PSt pot XJO +«i SPUI-
Uf.
X aMi+6 8t 101 10 wrto tn y oei-an, lo on
jha «o usa POi- x pc^i-; jna fUJH xe mo
oiaji-, ye irth io eu^ ^os^h >iha f ots^je, jna
i(D 118 y otena, vji, fujh xe aaoro djh, xe
oe HO f8 10 i-ee f wai, jna ootn, jna Dsort-
oeH, Jha OJH+ ryjt Ytos^p<)i it^jaroi*.
X ©rtie 81- 101, a* xet oryjte, io *itH, j»ia
1)36, JHa • ^Oj XJ1 ye oe oeo yet oh atj^^je,
j«ia oioye pot yet atryjte; Aa aeo atja
jha oeos^, yji ye oe aaoro Q<\e f8S^-odiJt6,
fUJH ye oto n io a iJ+o+»i.
C+iatjH D<)a it(i.6 ejt+ nit yet letjm*,
a3006 ye ue jh ^pjoorn pot yjo fw+c *ite»i-
9Jt6 ojH'Ji f je. ti te, yetpot, 6Jtt t^JM pot
cfiatjh 1© *ui yet letjm*, ot itai yjo
rhOAHatt.
46 QjsdtJi ^jorva flso.
IJS^N XLII.
J) f J6 DOH Y(D, th YOI- I8S^1 US^H, f 8 UHaJt
Yot letjm^^ et, JNa fiivii ®i'£i oei- ye f je
POI- YOI* ^8P1+, fWJ*! Y0 81- JaS^Jhl PI-^O XJO.
V+s^ X8 pdi 10 a 8 atcDit, fw+c ye o w yo, ji
j«i 89, fWJH YO et s^o YrM, Jha ho ^0 ini,
y>ii YO et h^i eai 10 ieo oet vje YOi-s^Jiee.
48, J1 y+s^ ri'11' «^ie9 vie lap, yo ois^o f ^e
a+01+6 10 iji-poto, fw+c 8t aio pt^o YO 10
Yot lei-jHis^ : jiia ui oa fdit ui yo f WvJi ye
81-. tH y prt^i iies^, jg YOt lei-jms^ ei- 0(i>»ia
10 YO, YO Dsa DO y s^eo 10 yjo fn tairtN.
letJhi^ ufD yei- ena^jH 10 o+e faa 10
fuivii ye «e 10 yjo ; 4he wi i-ap+oe 1© ui--
poi'O j*i> L+M f u+c ye i'aoij(i>i' %j6 yjc. Xe et
ii3€a, fi)j«i ye «^a yo ji «^ro y+os^psi wrto,
ayjt 10 f jn yjo th y leart ye f ^e 10 ui-poi-o,
01- J1 s^ro Y+os^Psi «^irat. Xts^ ois^o u^a a
otei 9^t 10 Yot idcjt, fo oete pot yo, j»ia
fo aai*!* 10 «d YO toitoe Yot oANae, yji
YO Oe HO DJHt LtM6, ^"la 8 YtOS^PSt, mAH YO
01-0 n 10 a OJH j»ia w+o+n.
IJ^H XLIII.
1o C+iatj>i.
Ctiatj>i, oae Y©t netjiii*,
•Jna ©te xjd vj'iri' em,
tiB ©vja'e orojha, utx Tt^iot*
Je IJ.P ^ha atJS^tMc i®.
X piditM 8-»6 vje aiafoa
Jsa YOL, et ©0La«i etc,
t«i fUtC 10 LE P8Ha8Drh6
Pot DJ'if<)a'6 hoai n8f6.
tH xj» ua poto y f jati*
f utc »eto et ptoiYOt Yat6,
f Lite pfi y f 8<n tJty ©tuaiij»,
0* DJ1 y C90 t)tv idte.
48 QjsatJi S^jorha Qso.
•Jna VOL, et ooetn vJ«i,
1o ^lot vo-f 9<ma€ w+x utearo,
•Jna cjttD td6h6 aoh.
Orh jej-H aet itjoits,
Jna *ji YOt s^uHarta f a ;
Yo srtitmt wti tac ti
tp vo aohi »a* 10 in.
tH n% a jiiJiwito,
Jna "ijejt V9ia i© f sJm :
X t*i +6 DOt 10 mrop,
Ouo itaejiiua i^im.
X ma, y uac, j^a hoat,
a DOt 1© J0VOI81 :
a UA61+ ©tEl th ©<ta«ij»,
<J«ia Yo'i a it®tt otEi.
6jsafjT Sjorna a<^o.
49
LJ«^h XLIV.
1© ite. 936rs 101 f t6
0t*nL€ 1<D 1^£ 8P1-ft
X* mn0r!) oro. Xji utt a arn uh ri'L J6 ti
0tG rS. y^^ 0£ 8t 0£lt atJQ.
ajir^e,
J*ia laa rs HsJI t»ii<D uoiieonij an aait^jt
r«. H^a mi. Pot X^h t€ v o+Haro^ ^sa ^ ist,
4ha ^ ©lott, pot JGJt, £oj»i,"
Qta 9a«rs^ jsortj? ft€ at^Aiie io nte i©
f 1-6 Pe^Jt ? Yj«.. f d s-ja : " C«rO, 4ha ti
DJi a ©tGH YO ; «^30, JNa y DJi PAha ; hjo,
jha ti D4i a OTiQ r^io vo ; pot jejtt urn yji
es^ojL, t3S^3GJL ; Jha fa ^41 «^aojL, f^ajL;
4Tha 10 no XJ1 <iJOJLj n d41 a oiha.
6t fUvJi ^>i^ t€ ^£t vje Yo, f05 if ft6 'gr**
8^0 atJ0j mi fd ote f+o 8 «^iOh ?
Ot tP f 3 8^0 8 P1D, y+l f 9 O-^G f^t> 8 «^rt-
50
0j*3<»ji ^JorhG a<io.
tp V XJH a9tM 961 "lO f 8 1© ©te ©«^a ©tPIS
rvi© v©t ctiatj"!, f8 ore oot dji y©* Peyjt
fkltC tfi t«r »Je% ©tie ©«l« LfM6 1© XiO ¥41 8^0
fta?"
" XEtPOf Ot LtM6 "6U<J1»Oi4frd* "V^ W<>0 XJI OJh
DR9 a© 1© Y©, a©.Y aeh ^ i^x^o^: poi xt*
+6.X 10 4Ha X ItvlPJI*."
^8tM6 vie 9a6r*.
fUJh 986r* lJs46 vJ«i X rtL t«i X PUD, jsa
itactM 1© X ctiatj"! sje oa\ fa jaejii^i ojht
i)*6 S8W6, t«« fte s^rtDrh vi"! x dsm fa «ja:
"flu^-jaet X i©t; fi *iwi: Pot xete te
X otnarD ue fje"!.
Ettjsja 8t xe X41 Dot% : pet xe rwi a oro-
prtua.
fltj^ja 8t X oao: pot xe dji tiiTJtn x
ru.
ausja 8.f X8 fwfc a© frH©4t 4«ia tr-tsi
eputincrsftj* : poi xe, o-ii a Ptta.
flusja 8t X trtfttp^ : potr xe D4t v4au«i
ort*t.
flijsja et X i+Gt tH feti : pot ye dji sa
©via.
flij^ja 8t X las-Deojtc : pof ye dji a
ooia X c+iai-jif mI6 ©via.
flij^ja et xe fu+c et irtS'doioi a pot
ncrs^HJs^' s^eo : pot xetc te x otnaro y\e fAeu.
fluija 8t y f WJN OJ»i DJl t86*l vo, Jha
irt^ao+oi Yo, ^»ia dji ^e oi o^hah ^e aei
j0jh«^i Y(D pois^it, pot DA «eo.
I'dw+s^ jHa a jo^aa+M ©ua : pot ©tei +6
yot tauota +h fje»i: pot s^o irt^ao+oua xe
X it'jpjis^ fu+c wrt aapot yo.
Y 8t X ^011 y\e X rtL : an tp x *oii f je
i^si (i>i'6 ^eert, f wetwtx dji n a ^oiua ? +i
t6 xjiiS^POtL Q^e Pot "iruM, an i© a ©js^i
81, Jha 1© a it%ja»i rnajt psi ue oj»i.
Y 8t X IA1 'je X urtia. 8 stit xvji 1-6 'S^ji
^ii Jii f+i ©4*1*^1 a f+a.
Haxjt a© OJH ui 8 ©jnai, jna i<^i n r»iajt
8 a^DJi, an ^m 8 ©jnais^it© : j«ia +1 ©tejL
IA1 rm© 01 XJ1 8t th X f 8^.
Ui YOt ui s^o D(i>»i aapot djh, xji xe oe
^d Y©t ©sa wrt©*, 4he ©lot+f a Y©t Pexjt
52
Qjs^dtJi ^jorhe flso.
IJ«^H XLVI.
f 8 ireit +6 y s^(H !
tlS^ ©lOtM 1-86 ©t Ot8»itM
X Pei-WJl 0886 vie »i(l>1.
)( ©oiah pi-eoiThi pi©f Jis^
He ^letoi w+y x a+o,
X s^wdiit airo+M toe-arae
he oiH 1(D X 6+0.
X 9Jhiu ooe+M upm
He o+s^ X sr«i'6 am 1-8:
X 1+11 ar6+M +»i^JGis^
f ro 0+O6+O 1© y ae.
X w+rs^ artae et c©»ii+m
X81' ^s\m pt^jo je'i-t «^ii'8 ;
X8 9%Jt«i +H OOIT^^ ^tM+M,
Xjh n6 Jha Pl+1 Jt]8.
Ol •i81Y(D1' W8QS^ PtvJO ^Idll-M
lo s^d am '^vii ^t^e—
1(D LIvlC f+6 Pri-S^l aaOG *Wdl+H
Pl-vIO 9S^1, 10 Wj^^u^h ^0*6.
Qat c+ia^jH, ateo vo^ ^^iroajte,
Jha f8i y ireit ooi-h,
f uAi pri-^i-aoth *r»ii<i>i atoi+6
X ijr*ia ^6 UP jao^fH.
Qj^dtJi ^jorha flso. 53
U^H XLVII.
V wrtae ^e 9d6r8^ et ^o osa ^ha ito, ua
w+i orhi+hYO yjo, ^6 p©»ia +h y ©sa flso.
Jojh, Y f J6 frta y^i n f jl ath ^ja a* xjo
^e Ota 1*0, V© DJI1 h^i p^t^uei' y*sjip, an
DJii iJi'poi'O rhio y lota XAh 0X6 :
an J) S8 rmo yo, ^wet hvii ^1 oi : •layji'
aj. f jeh ; poi' +i t6 O^a'e Ltoh :
hot a* >^ rn ; pot ti t6 f t€ psi^ioi : "idxjt
aj. 9di'0^^ijo ; pot ti te x s+it ^e x otei
OtM:
hdxjt D411 y© si)8t a* xj. f ja, aaooe x©
ojhs^i hvJi 080 wrh f8t fi)<i.i ot auo-
an IJ1 YOt orotoht08Drh a, Y8, Y8 ; h8,
He ; pot f LJ^is^oJCJt t6 oot x^h xae orojL ^6
361.
Y f^e frta yji ti f jl ath sja, 4h A pot Jh
J), Jha 8 lOL pot 8 1(DL.
an J) s^8 rhi(D Y(D, V41 Y taet^i h^i aei :
an Y(DS^0J6Jt D^l S^OJ.1 X vih X* tAI CdO, irth
Id) fto X rxjt 018^0.
54
6js^3tJi ^jorna Sso.
4he tp JHt 0^ DJi ^t© y Ji y to, ^na i8o
ji)8 yj. 001, ui fto f je vj. oioo oiso.
Jha f o^ojeji' DJt omji x io ©o 8 d<h,
©o lUtx f +3 iue»i.
©te 1© f+o XJ1 e^QAL vje X, ^i'la p^jd fto
x^i Lj<)a aJi'O ^e y, irth h^i xe jl)8.
Y f je frta y^i ti ul at»i s^^a, X© dju irs
yj. h8ari', ^na f 8i xjrH j*idot :
ifln J) *8 rhi© Y©, Ire y©* j»ido+€, au^
yjo XJ1 ©rts Y©, a© ©<)a 1© xjd xji f8i y©,
j»ia nt8 po* yjo futc ajs^iAifstt y©6 y©, ^hq
nrt&aot©i y© ;
Vji y 08 a x ctiatj"! ^e y©1' Psxji' f utc t6
+h f ie»i : POt fa 98©jl f t6 s^rn 1© ne ^h y
aei Jha ^jh x ©^a, ^hq sj«tajL 1'8h ^h x 9rs^i,
Pot tp Y tr€ yj3 fu+c ir6 y©, fWvJi tdiijota
f ^6 Y ? Q© Hvji aeh y Iraitorhe x S80 ?
Jna tP Y ^rit©i y©^ atJxtjH ohit, tuvn a©
Y oot yjh ryjte ? Q© Hvii d6h y lrai+©r»i6
^0?
a Y y8i'P0i' nri'f J01, d6»i J6 Yot Pexji-
€IJ«^3*J1 S^jornfl Bso.
56
U^H XLVHL
Itas;!!!* vW 5a€r» orHitwiM.
oj»i, lo a *dH vie xjd : rxji'WAe y f ^ ho ta-
WOI'G 46 YOf Pexji* fwtc ♦€ t»i we"8.
Xstpot, fi)j»i xe aoj»i xah eoe, ao wi
^8»i0 8 itroiji adpot y, J6 y fnoot+i* ao,
t«i y s-tH4cw®6, ^Ha -Ml y ^ntdi*, vji ire ^ f je
0101-+ vje Dj»i. 6jttit, J) *8 rmo yo, xe f^e
yet tdwota.
an fwj»i va aoj^i 8t)€, iji hji xa ijpi
f jha HO f UI41 XA m f jHa aojL ;
X^1 XAH 8t>€ ae a +h s^aotJi : ^na ¥* Pe^^Jt
f Ljtc *ajL tH ^dotji, f tt>*^ip 04i tawota yd
OTitt.
Jna ftiJH y© 11-8^*1, ye ikjii HvJi a ^6 y
f nootti^ 8t : pot y8 ire io it8 ^i^aHatw tn
y ^tHJO^oe, JHa +h y omnjtc s^e y s^itai^,
yji y8 D8 a ^a»i %4e djh. 6ji"Ht, <(> «€ rmo
Yo, y8 f je yet tawota.
an ye, fwjH ye itej^i, JHUt tmo y*
0146J1, j»ia fi)j»i ye f J<^1 on yj. aot, ite i©
56 Gjsa^Ji ^jorna flso,
an fU4H Y ii'e, Y©€ "i^i 6£«f tjidiwrhc,
^6 X fdxj»i (kd: POt >^8 Lmo ^41 ye DJi a
frta pot yet Drc s^iao+M.
a "ivii Y xetpot 1*0 rmo xjo : pot Yot
PeyJt hOJL ftl^JI LtK€ Y (1.46 HdQ ^6 adPOt Y
8*0 fW."
tJS^^i XLIX.
Itdsjn* v^e 9a€r* OrHWYoa.
" tp Y prtote ojh y£t itjsirsje, YOt f J€»iit
Pexjt ii+i 01*0 pritOie YO :
an tp Y prtote Hvii ojh xet itj*ir*j6,
Hdyjt ijti YOt Pexjt prto+€ Yot itj*ir*j€.
!>Ot06Jt, fli^H Y P8*1, a "lUI 4€ X f+lO-
otti*, vie 8 *4a 08»iiahrH* : pot X8 atsp+ort
yet pe*J6, ^41 xe oe 4i3t rmo oj^i io vesr
ejttit J) *8 rmo YO, ye f 4e yet tawota.
an ya, wah ye p8*14*i, 4Hvi+»ti y<i.H f ja^
4>ia y^D yj^ pe* ;
Qjs^atJi ^jorna flso.
57
^41 xe 4idt Hvii rhio DJh 10 pes^i, an rmo
¥(1) Pexji-, fw+c t6 th ^dotji: Jha xj. Peyj*
l8 H^i n rot YOi'SJtee itjsote nvJh ri^L,
fU8i' o^L Jh6 iTSi arL ortm, jha fUEi' Laee
ateo Lto Jha s^iat :
an 18 n poi- vol's Jt6€ H'jsote th f jen,
f wet •fDVJi' DviL hot trsi arL ortm, ^na f 1)8*
Lae6 ao h^i at8o Lto hot sidt.
Pot fl)81' YOt ItJSOl' +6, y81' Wtl YOt fBtl
a ois^o.
V 1*1 ^e X ajat +6 y * : +p y8i'P0t y*h j. a
stMOi, yj. foi aviat dji a pst vi6 icH-
an tp y*"! I a aei, yj. foi avjat d^i a psi
^e aetOHJS^. tp y8i'P0i' x ii.i xji +€ tn x a
aetohjs^, f © 0*81 16 yji aei'OhJS^ ?"
U«^h L.
ItdSJiis^ ^e 9a6rs^ ormthYoa.
Jhui' y +»! ji x ^1*81 081 ; P01' i)*a t6 x
081, 4ha atoa +6 x iJ8 x^i laajL io ajsuro-
Drh, 4he DJht X81' a f lite 00 tH X81'41 :
58
Qj^atji ^Aorhe flso.
f utc taajL rmo lap, Jha pmd -se^ a y^i f <i.»f0 ti.
aauet vje pot^ it^jpjis^, futc oro lo yo t»i
Ddi^' oioytM, an tmirtGit X8 8t uenm ustec.
Y D^i hO xjo a* xei' Pfois^ : 00 oj»i ©JXJt
8e«i s^o jeji't osa ita attwjL PotL ©<^
pi'Oi ; an 8 oririi ltd attwjL POtL aei
8 osa ltd oj»i^i at+M po^l aei ptoi, naxjt
ojh 8 ortni ltd attM PotL ©sa Ptoi.
Jejtt ltd yji attMjL "i^i potL ©sa ptoi te
ft(D»i a©»i, J4a o8^i t»ii<D y p*t,
f LJ81'P0t, aA ^81- Pt©1» Y D4L HO XJO.
hvJi jejtt wrh yji ^jl rHi<D Oa, lota, lota,
D4i jHut +hio X o+waro vie f J6»i ; an fa X41
aojL y LJti ^6 0* Peyjt futc t6 t»i f jen.
Oj»i+ wti s^e w Oa vt ^41 ae, lota, lota-,
ue Lia h^i it^pas^Aa +«i V* h80 ? jha +h X*
•180 f J6 08S^1 ©1 ajei€ ? jha t«i Xa heo arn
ojht urhajtpsi wrtos^ ?
Qj*dtJi '^jor'tfl flso.
59
4he xj»i w+i J) Itrpjs^ rmo yja, d Hjejt Hto
fijtc aai f+6 f8s^ n^H ©>uo :
^he Y ten aa^Jheja, ^Na y pirae oeo, ^na
y uAhae atto, 4he aai hi;j»i XJ1 f te-s^ ; ^ne n
pjt "iJi : po* ti i)^ P8Haja n^H 8 4^0.
Jha J€Jtt wrh XJ1 f atJL «a* ^ew€ we Oah,
g«ta aojL xjo H^% DJt a lAona rmo 8 POtto
tw«i, f utc a+ii ft€ f 8S^ n%4H y sj«ia :
4he X ten aai^j^aja, j^a y ptra* oeo, jna
y ijj»»ta€ aito, Jha aai nvj»i X4i f es^ ; j»ia ti
pjt : jHa ©tei ti^^e x P6t vie ti.
Jha ti OEO 10 18^ fijj»i 9a€r* f^a j^aja
ya€ *8+it6, X latt tr* ^^ivi^+oi 41 f tc ajo-
Pot fa 101 xjo 46 iir«i f^m OLUt+it, jna
hwi 46 y sona6,"
60
Qj^dtJi ^Mrne flso.
IJ«^4 LI.
"^ Pst D(D»i.
Da orD6, an h^ji uty arth+M tee,
Dd oro6, an h^ji wty Pdif % atee ;
Da or^6 10 cat r» ut)^ fn iai :
IJa ire y wmt owa^i je hal
X ^OA 16 ireit 4ha sj*a»i,
ho O180 n%4H ti» PES t6 «a»i ;
an fat 4ha ^st et <i.6 aaf ota
X lAHt ^itaos vje DAHtM oota.
X ^rh t6 eeh aaf^na x ljj^i,
X 1111 artac f je oo»i io tj*! ;
X D£a6 ^e HAI wti o^yjt S^Oh,
an Y^ita^t ora6 y atAi psi ooh.
siota tis itot j»ia ntjsta 010,
X luhis Jha Piet6 w+i ttcjt ©to ;
tis^ s+i6Jt t£6 sntja 01 ^te^a,
1(D cat y f eti, Jha aus x otena.
Da oro6, an h^ji uty art»i+M tec,
Da oro6, an hui w+y patf% atee ;
Da oroe 10 cat r* uty f rt 1A1 :
l)a ire x 9Jhit owah %4e hai.
Qjs^dtji S^jorha flso.
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Tsunami protection engineering is intended to prevent or mitigate possible tsunami damage and save lives. The best method of protection seems to be the use of seawalls in front of ports and cities. Another effective method from a tsunami is proper planting trees. Some villages in India, for example, had minimal casualties in the 2004 tsunami because they had planted trees along the coastline.
Tsunami protection engineering should also foresee and prevent situations like one that happened at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant when the main power went down, backup generators failed and cooling water could not get to the nuclear fuel. The overheating that followed led to explosions, fires and dangerous release of radiation.
Notes
Tsunamis
Earthquake engineering |
<p>I'm just getting started with elasticsearch. Our requirement has us needing to index thousands of PDF files and I'm having a hard time getting just ONE of them to index successfully.</p>
<p>Installed the Attachment Type plugin and got response: <code>Installed mapper-attachments</code>.</p>
<p>Followed the <a href="http://www.elasticsearch.org/tutorials/2011/07/18/attachment-type-in-action.html" rel="noreferrer">Attachment Type in Action tutorial</a> but the process hangs and <strong>I don't know how to interpret the error message</strong>. Also tried the <a href="https://gist.github.com/1075067" rel="noreferrer">gist</a> which hangs in the same place.</p>
<pre><code>$ curl -X POST "localhost:9200/test/attachment/" -d json.file
{"error":"ElasticSearchParseException[Failed to derive xcontent from (offset=0, length=9): [106, 115, 111, 110, 46, 102, 105, 108, 101]]","status":400}
</code></pre>
<p>More details:</p>
<p>The <code>json.file</code> contains an embedded Base64 PDF file (as per instructions). The first line of the file <em>appears</em> correct (to me anyway): <code>{"file":"JVBERi0xLjQNJeLjz9MNCjE1OCAwIG9iaiA8</code>...</p>
<p>I'm not sure if maybe the <code>json.file</code> is invalid or if maybe elasticsearch just isn't set up to parse PDFs properly?!?</p>
<p><strong>Encoding</strong> - Here's how we're encoding the PDF into <code>json.file</code> (as per tutorial):</p>
<pre><code>coded=`cat fn6742.pdf | perl -MMIME::Base64 -ne 'print encode_base64($_)'`
json="{\"file\":\"${coded}\"}"
echo "$json" > json.file
</code></pre>
<p>also tried:</p>
<pre><code>coded=`openssl base64 -in fn6742.pdf
</code></pre>
<p>log: </p>
<pre><code>[2012-06-07 12:32:16,742][DEBUG][action.index ] [Bailey, Paul] [test][0], node[AHLHFKBWSsuPnTIRVhNcuw], [P], s[STARTED]: Failed to execute [index {[test][attachment][DauMB-vtTIaYGyKD4P8Y_w], source[json.file]}]
org.elasticsearch.ElasticSearchParseException: Failed to derive xcontent from (offset=0, length=9): [106, 115, 111, 110, 46, 102, 105, 108, 101]
at org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentFactory.xContent(XContentFactory.java:147)
at org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentHelper.createParser(XContentHelper.java:50)
at org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.DocumentMapper.parse(DocumentMapper.java:451)
at org.elasticsearch.index.mapper.DocumentMapper.parse(DocumentMapper.java:437)
at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.service.InternalIndexShard.prepareCreate(InternalIndexShard.java:290)
at org.elasticsearch.action.index.TransportIndexAction.shardOperationOnPrimary(TransportIndexAction.java:210)
at org.elasticsearch.action.support.replication.TransportShardReplicationOperationAction$AsyncShardOperationAction.performOnPrimary(TransportShardReplicationOperationAction.java:532)
at org.elasticsearch.action.support.replication.TransportShardReplicationOperationAction$AsyncShardOperationAction$1.run(TransportShardReplicationOperationAction.java:430)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:680)
</code></pre>
<p>Hoping someone can help me see what I'm missing or did wrong? </p> |
Abdalelah Haroun Hassan (; 1 January 1997 – 26 June 2021) was a Qatari track and field sprinter. He ran in the 400 metres. He was the 2015 Asian champion in the event and holds the Asian indoor record. He was born in Sennar, Sudan.
Haroun was killed in a car crash in Doha, Qatar on 26 June 2021, aged 24.
References
1997 births
2021 deaths
Qatari people
Sudanese people
Olympians
Sprinters
African sportspeople
Road accident deaths |
Son Chae-young (; born April 23, 1999), also known as Chaeyoung (채영), is a South Korean singer, rapper, and songwriter. She is a member of K-pop girl group Twice.
References
Other websites
1999 births
Living people
K-pop singers
South Korean singers
Contraltos
People from Seoul
Reality show winners |
A marshmallow is a candy that is made of sugar or corn syrup, water, and gelatin, that has been pre-softened in hot water, dextrose, and flavorings, whipped to a spongy consistency. Marshmallows are used in several types of candies, on foods, and on some drinks such as hot chocolate.
Nutritional value
The weight of a single portion of marshmallows is about (four large marshmallows or a half cup of mini marshmallows)
References
Desserts |
Brett Haber is a sportscaster who works for Tennis Channel and WCBS-TV. He replaced Warner Wolf who was fired in 2004. Haber has done preseason play-by-play and sideline reporting for the New York Jets. He has done other sideline reporting and play-by-play announcing duties for PBR on Versus, UFL on Versus, and college basketball on CBS. He was a substitute studio host for Ernie Johnson Jr. for the NBA on TNT. Before working with WCBS-TV, Haber worked for WNNE-TV, WCAX-TV, WCPO-TV, and WTTG-TV. Haber was also an anchor for SportsCenter.
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
SportsCenter anchors and reporters
Tennis broadcasters
American sports commentators
College basketball broadcasters
National Football League broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters |
2049 (MMXLIX) will be .
Predicted and scheduled events
May
May 7 – Transit of Mercury.
December
December 20 – The present "One country, two systems" with Macau, guaranteed for 50 years starting from December 20, 1999 provided under the Basic Law, will expire.
Date unknown
The 99-year lease in the Churchill–Roosevelt Destroyers for Bases Agreement, in which the United States traded 50 destroyers to the British Commonwealth in return for the right to use several British colonial possessions as bases, will expire, barring a renegotiation.
In fiction
The technology that allows a person to control a Custom Robo is developed by Ergo Corp., according to the Custom Robo series of video games.
The events of the series IGPX take place.
The Disney Channel movie Zenon: Girl of the 21st Century takes place in 2049, 50 years after the movie debuted on television in 1999.
The video game Vectorman takes place in 2049
The video game Miner 2049er takes place in 2049
The video game M.A.C.H. takes place in 2049
The video game When it's Over takes place in early 2049
The video game Nier takes place in 2049
The video game Crimson Tears is set in Tokyo in 2049
Years in the future
The 2017 Film Blade Runner 2049 takes place in the year 2049 |
Prato could be one of many places:
In the Tuscany region of Italy:
City of Prato
Province of Prato
Associazione Calcio Prato, the football club
In South Tyrol, Italy:
Prato allo Stelvio, the Italian name for Prad am Stilfser Joch
In Switzerland:
Prato, Switzerland, an Italian-speaking municipality of the canton of Ticino |
August William Ritter Jr. (born September 6, 1956) is an American politician and lawyer. He was the 41st Governor of Colorado from 2007 to 2011. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the district attorney for Denver.
Ritter was the first Colorado-born person to be elected as Governor of Colorado since 1975. Ritter did not run for a second term in 2010.
References
1956 births
Living people
Governors of Colorado
Lawyers from Denver
Politicians from Denver, Colorado
US Democratic Party politicians |
<p>Right now I am using this function:</p>
<pre><code>function is_retina_device() {
return window.devicePixelRatio > 1;
}
</code></pre>
<p>But its simplicity scares me. Is there a more thorough check?</p> |
Boulieu-lès-Annonay is a town and commune of the Ardèche département, in the southern part of France.
Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department
References
Communes in Ardèche |
Mahesh Kumar Kanodia (27 January 1937 – 25 October 2020) was an Indian politician. He represented the Patan constituency of Gujarat and was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Before becoming a politician, he was a singer. Kanodia was born in Gujarat, India. Kanodia was a member of the Lok Sabha between 1991 to 2009.
Kanodia died in Mumbai on 25 October 2020, aged 83.
References
1937 births
2020 deaths
Indian politicians
Indian singers |
Takeshi Satouchi (born 11 January 1957) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Sumitomo Metals.
References
Kawasaki Frontale
1957 births
Living people
Footballers from Shiga Prefecture |
Wurzen is a town on the banks of the river Mulde in north-western Saxony, Germany, about 20 kilometers east of the city of Leipzig.
References
Other websites
Official website
Leipzig Rural District |
<p>I am using PCSC-lite v1.6.4 for my smartcard based application development.
I need a way to detect as soon as smart card is removed from reader and then to detect the insertion into reader so that smartcard will be forced to complete a specific process again.</p>
<p>If possible, is there any interrupt/event based way instead of simple polling?</p> |
STATUTI MUNICIPALI
DI R0V1GN0
^3
TRIESTE
HPOGRAFIA DEL LLOYD AUSTRIACO
STATUTI MUNICIPALI
DI
KOVIGNO
(Dal Giornale f Istria, Ann. 1851.J
TRIESTE.
Tipografia del Llotd Austriaco.
1851
Digitized by Google
La pubblicazione degli Statuti Municipali di Ro-
vigno che imprendiamo è preceduta da quelle delli
Statuti di Trieste, di Pola, di Parenzo, diBuje; espe-
riamo verrà susseguita dalla stampa anche di altri,
siccome abbiamo promesso. Degli Statuti diremo inge-
nerale, come siensi formati in questa provincia d'Istria
appena in sulla fine del secolo XIII ed in sul princi-
pio del XTV, come anche fu in altre provincie pros-
sime, quando cioè le Municipalità, rallentato o sciolto
quel legame che le teneva unite in provincie od in
regno , ebbero esistenza isolata , per cui somi-
gliarono piuttosto a provincie da sè, o piuttosto a
comuni autonomi. Intendiamo cioè di Statuti informa
di codice che abbracciava leggi di buon governo, leggi
civili, leggi penali, leggi di economia e di finanza;
dacché singole isolate disposizioni e sanzioni che
dicevano anche statuti si rinvengono, sebbene raramente,
anche di tempi anteriori.
Di questi di Rovigno diremo che il testo ora
pubblicato è la riforma fattasene nel 1531, sindacata come
dicevano, o sancita come diressimo oggidì, dal Principe
Veneto. Si era data mano alla stampa di questi Statuti,
però venne sospesa, d'ordine, come corre voce, del
Governo Veneto*
Queste leggi Municipali ebbero vigore fino al di
primo di Maggio del 1806, che è Y epoca di atti-
vazione delle costituzioni e leggi Napoleoniche, rivis-
sero coli' Ottobre 1813 e durarono fino al i. Ottobre
1815; ciò però in quanto alla parte civile, ed alla
parte di governo Municipale.
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STATUTI MUNICIPALI
DI ROVIGWO.
JUSJURANDUM
EORUM iìVl INGBED1UNTUR CONSILIUM.
Juro Ego, qui sum ('ivi-, et habitator Rubini ad
sacra Dei Evangelia, quod bona fide, et absque fraude
ero studiosus tractandi, servandi, et manutenendi totis
viribus honorem, ac gloriam Inclyti, et Serenissimi
Domini mei Ducis, et Comunis Venetiarum, atque Domini
Potestatis; et Comunis Terrae Rubini, et sequar ipsum
Dominimi Potestatem, et ei dabo consilium, auxilium,
atque favorem, ut salvet suum Sacramentum, et omnia
praecepta mihi facta per eum, vel ejus nuntium de
Statu, et honore almae Civitatis Venetiarum, et Terrae
Rubini observabo, et observari curabo; et si mihi
praeceptum fuori t. ire ad arengum, vel ad consilium,
cum audivero tintinnabulum, sive praeconium praeci-
pientem, ibo, nec me excusabo, neque ire recusabo, et
inde non discendano, nisi justo impedimento meae perso-
nae, aut de verbo Dominis Potestatis, et si fuero extra
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portam Terrae Rubini, causa eundi prò meis negotiis,
vel aliorum, non tenear ; et rectum Consilium Domino
Potestati, et iis qui prò eo erunt in Officio Comunis,
cum a me qucsierint, et si scivero aliquem volentem
facere aliquid contra honorem Serenissimi Ducalis Dominii
Nostri, atque adversus Dominum Potestatem, bona fide
vetabo, et si vetare non poterò, quam citius manifestabo
per me, vel per nuntium meum. Et operam dabo, quod
solvatur Domino Potestati salarium consuetum per hoc
Comune sibi concessum. Furtum non iaciam, nec fieri
faciam in Comuni, seu Fontico Rubini, et nullam cons-
pirationem Sacramentorum, vel aliam quamcumque faciam
in Rubino, ncque extra, et si scivero quis fecerit,
manifestabo, et haec omnia attendam, et fideliter ob-
servabo usque ad ejus exitum, et finem regiminis.
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LIBRO PRIMO.
CAPO L
De Salario D.ni Potestatis Rubini
Statuirne, et Ordenemo che il Salario de Messer
lo Podestà pres.te et successori soi, sia et esser debba
all'anno, et a rason de anno de L. 700 de piccoli, e
sia pagato a rata de mese de quanto starà, delli qual
danari se ha de destrazer per nome dell'Officio delli
Magnifici Sig.ri Governatori dell' Entrade la tansa ordi-
naria, che sono L. 284; 13, resta netto adesso Missier
10 Podestà il suo salario L. 415 : —
CAPO IL
«
Aggionta al Magnifico Podestà.
Il pagamento dell' antedetto Mag.o lo Podestà fu
accresciuto Tanno 1556 sotto li 19 Aprile di L. cento
quarantaotto e soldi sedise all'anno; Podestà all' hora
11 Mag.o M.r Fran co Michiel; L. 148:16.
Aggionta l.
Item fu aggionto all'antedetto Mag.o Podestà sotto
li 28 Ottobre 1563 L. doicehto ventitré soldi quatro
all'anno; Podestà air hora il Mag.o M. Alvise Bondu-
mier L. 223 : 4.
Aggionta IL
Itache vien aver al presente li nostri Magnifici
Rettori all' anno L. 787, et questo attento, che nel
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4 —
»
principio del primo de Rettori fu radegato il CanceLr
di Comun di soldi tredise, e così vanno drio li altri
Rettori.
Aggiùnta IH.
Doppo fu aggionto all' antedetto Mag.o Podestà
all'anno sotto li 16 Novembre 1583 lire trecento
Settanta doi. Podestà all'horail Mag. M. Sipion Benzoli.
Talché viene in mesi sedici alli Magi Rettori L. 1540:
16. Et per nollo della Barena che lo mena da Venetia
a Rovigno L. 31. Et per metter la sua Arma Ducati
doi L. 12.
CAPO HI.
De Regalia superioris.
Item ordine ino, eh' esso Mess. lo Podestà con
successori haver debbino de Regalia tutte le Lengue
de Anemali Grossi che si ammazzano in Becharia, e
tutta la Carne vorrà per suo uso de ogni sorte come
etiam d' ogni sorte di Pesce a uno soldo la lira, e
così Cancellier, come Cavallier.
CAPO IV.
Del Salario del Cancellier.
11 Cancellier d' esso Messer lo Podestà haver
debba da questo Comun all'anno et a rason de anno
de Salario Lire 70, paga ogni quatro mesi de Tansa
lire sie soldi dodese de piccioli, et ha per carta,
ingiostro et per le couerte del Libro farà nel suo
Reggimento in tutto lire dodise, L. 12, in tutto.
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CAPO V.
De quelli che vanno in Conseglio.
Statiiimo, che nessuno de quelli, che pono esser
di questo Conseglio possino esser receuuti, ne accetladi
in esso Conseglio se non saranno mazori de anni vinti,
ne aver possino Off.o de esso Conseglio et specialmente
Zudesi, se non saranno almanco mazor d'anni trenta.
Item uolemo, che niun del detto Conseglio possi
esser elletto in nessun officio che da esso Conseglio,
se non si attrouarà aU'hora, che sarà la eletion in la
Terra, over Distretto di Rovigno, et sei sarà creato
uno, overo più, non s'intenderà poter essere in tal-
T Officio nel quale fusse stato elletto.
CAPO VI.
Che non si possi proponer con meno di XX
Conseglieru
Statuimo, et ordinemo, che non si possi proponer,
ne affermar cosa niuna in detto Conseglio se non
saranno al Numero almanco vinti Conseglieri, et sei
sarà afirmato non vaglia, ma quello sarà preso, et fatto
per la mazor parte delli vinti Consiglieri, over più se
intravenirano sia fermo, et valido, come si per tutto
esso Conseglio fusse stato preso, fatto, et deliberado.
capo vn.
* •
Della pena a quelli non sor ano in Conseglio.
Deliberemo, etiara che ciascuno del Conseglio
nostro debbi venir, et esser dove si adduna il Conseglio
con M.r lo Podestà, che sarà in quel tempo al Reg-
gimento di Rovigno, havanti che cessi di sonar la terza
Campana purché '1 sia in Rovigno, ouer non sia altri-
mente impedito, over infermo, et chi contrafarà componi
per bando al Comun uno grosso per ogni volta per
ciascuna persona contrafaciente, et uno grosso all' ap-
portador, che l'aurà appontato.
CAPO Vffl.
Che quello ellezerà sia piezo deW Elletto.
Decernemo, et expressamente comandemo, che
ciascun del Conseglio nostro el quale nominarà, et
ellezerà alcuno officiale in Fontegher, Sacrestan, Ca-
merlengo, onero altro officio, nel quale si administri
Danari quello ellettor in caso che occorresse qualche
fraude per lo suo elletto, sia et esser se intendi piezo,
et principal pagador in tutto quello Danno, che per
cason de tal Ellettion intravenisse.
CAPO IX.
Che li Officiali non f acino Angarie.
Terminemo similmente che tutti coloro del ditto
Conseglio, che sarano in Officio de Zudese, Camerlengo,
et altri Offici), che da esso Conseglio non possino esser
astretti ad angaria alcuna personal per la Terra.
CAPO X.
Della ellettion di tre Zudesi.
Statuimo, et ordenemo, che siano elletti ogni tre
mesi nel Conseglio Nostro di Rovigno tre Zudesi boni,
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et sufficienti a Bozoli et Ballotte baio ta di per scontro,
quali siano mazori di anni trenta, et siano tenuti, et
obligati accettar tal Officio, et in quello diligentemente
exercitarsi, essendo obligati accompagnar M.r io Po-
destà ogni volta che V ensirà fuori del Palazzo, et che
sentiranno sonar la Campanella, ita che almanco dui
di essi Zudesi non manchino mai da esso M.r lo
Podestà, et precipue nelli giorni, che si rende razon,
et accadendo per qualche loro occorentia, et bisogno
andar fuor della Terra, possino andar tamen con licentia
di M.r lo Podestà, et se altramente farano, pagar
debbino in Comun soldi cinque.
In la qual Elletion de' Zudesi terminemo, che non
si possa ellezer se medesimo, ne figliolo Padre, et
così de converso come fin qui è stato osservato, et li
ellettori si de tal Officio, come etiam li parenti della
famiglia dell! elicili non possino ballotar in tal Ellettion,
ma siano scazadi come nell' alma Città di Venetia si
osserva, et così si osservi in ogni altro Officio di
questo Conseglio.
I quali Zudesi auer debbino de salario dal Comun
per ciascun in ciascun mese lire cinque de piccoli.
Intendendo, che essi Zudesi habino da cessar de tal
Zudegado per mesi tre dapoi che haranno finito de tal
Officio, ne uno per uno altro possi servir in quello.
CAPO XI.
Del Camarlengo.
Ancora terraenemo, chel sia elletto ogni tre mesi
uno Camarlengho bono, et sufficiente et massar de
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Comun mazor de anni vinticinque de questo Conseglio,
qual habbi tenir bori, et distinto conto dell' intrada. et
spesa, che correrà nel tempo suo, qual Officio sia
obbligato infra giorni otto sotto la loza in presentia di
M.r lo Podestà, et Zndesi haver saldato li soi conti
et adrainistration. et non saldando cazi alla pena de
soldi doi per lira, la qual sia dello nostro M.r lo
Podestà. El salario veramente del ditto Camarlengho
sia de tre mesi lire quatro et meza.
Item ordenemo, che esso Camarlengho non possi
ne vagli rezever Danari de rason del dittofComun, si
non gli intravien il Cancellier de Comun, per il quale
sia scritto in consonantia sopra gli Libri de Comun, et
Sindico: ne etiandio far spesa alcuna senza licentia et
saputa de M.r lo Podestà et Sindico preditto, ne uno
senza V altro sotto pena di Ducati Cento, per ciascuno
cosi Podestà et Sindico, come Camarlengho, la qual
pena sia la metà del nostro Comun, el' altra metà delli
, S.ri M.i Sindici che farano tal execution.
CAPO XII.
De Dui Cathaveru
Si hauerà da ellezer dui Cathaveri boni, sufficienti,
r officio degli quali sarà di. cercar, et inquerir, che
siano fatti justi, et boni pesi, et tutte le male misure,
et mali pesi, che trovaranno siano obbligati denontiar,
et notificar a M.r lo Podestà sotto pena di quella pena
et punition, che doveva portar quelli gli quali doverono
esser, et cazer in tal pena delle malie misure, et maior
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— 9 —
punitimi ad arbitrio di M.r lo Podestà, li quali haver
debbino de salario in tre mesi per uno L. cinque. Item
similiter debino e siano obbligati essi Cathaveri, et
Justizieri do volte la settimana, et precipue il Sabato
con la Stadi era de Comun star al loco deputato, e
pesar la Carne, che gli Beccari vendono, sicché cadaun
possi haver il justo peso, et similmente alli Botteghieri
che vendono Formazzo, Oglio, et altre cose, che si
mesurano, do volte alla settimana reveder tal mesure,
appresso gli quali star debbino le mesure di Comun, et
consignarle poi alli successori et in zorni do tali almeno
uno di loro una hora ai zorno debino star in la Terra
a far il suo Officio. Quali contraffacendo possino esser
denonciati per il Cav. de M.r lo Podestà, et etiam per
ogni altra persona, e caschi ciascuno per ogui volta in
pena de soldi XX da esser devisi fra il Comun, et
denontiator.
' CAPO Xffl.
Che li Justizieri abbi a stimar la Carne,
altri in sua absenza.
Item tutti dò essi Justizieri debino concordi esti-
mar le Carne che si fanno iu Becharia non essendo di
quella bontà devino esser, et estimarle per sua con-
scientia, siccome a loro pareranno, così grosse, come
mcnude. Si veram.te detti Justitieri non si troveranno
in la Terra, sia in arbitrio di M.r lo Podestà, et suoi
2
- 10 -
Zudesi mandar uno qnal gli parerà del nostro Conseglio
a estimar tal Carne per la sua conscientia, e quelle
estimate riferir a M.r lo Podestà et suoi Zudesi la
qualità de esse Carne.
Volemo etiam, eh' essi Cathavieri de Comun pos-
sino et debbino estimar tutti li dani si farà per Animali
et Persone nelle possession de altri nel distretto di
Rovigno secondo saranno richiesti, et havendo per
ciascuna stima de dani soldi tre, de quali siano dui
d'essi extimadori, et il terzo del Canee de M.r lo
Podestà che annotarà quelle.
Non sia concesso ne lecito a nessun di essi Ju-
stitieri per sè istesso mesurar, ne sagomar ne far altra
cosa al suo Officio aspetante ecetto sia di voler di
tutti dò loro.
Volemo, et expresse comandemo, che nissun possi
esser Justitier, essendo Padre, Fratello Zerman, Datier
in alcun Datio, et così di converso, ita che uno sola-
mente habbia esser in tali Officij.
E le altre veram.te extimation de Beni stabili vo-
lemo che per gli medesimi Cathavieri, et Juslitieri sia
fatta; cioè de Case, Vigne, Campi et similia, delle
quali haver debbino vendendose all'Incanto fino a lire
cinquanta, soldi uno per lira, et de li in suso piccoli
qualro usque in infìnitum.
Similiter ordinemo che nessuno possi esser in
Officio de Zudese havendo questa sorte di Datii, cioè
della Beccaria, Vin e Pancuogole.
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•
- 11 —
CAPO XIV.
Del acrescimento alli Officiali ? anno 1556
atti 19 Aprile*
Sotto il Mag.o M.r Francesco Micbiel Podestà di
Rovigno fu achresiuto il pagamento a tutti gli Officy,
e specialmente alli Mag.i Rettori Ducati due, et alli
Zudesi fino a lire dodise per homo al mese et così
stetero fino al Mag.o M.r Vincenzo Dolfin Podestà 1562
et sua Magnificentia terminò, che '1 Sindico stesse per
mesi \re cum salario de lire dodise al mese, ita che
haveva come gli Zudesi, et perciò sotto il Mag.o M.r
Alvise Ant.o Bondumier Podestà 1563 se ha cresciuto
a Sua Magn.tia L. 223: 4 all'anno, et a Zudesi, et
Sindico L. 18: 12 il mese, et al Fontegaro in mesi sei
L. 80: — et al Camerlengo in mesi tre sino a L. 31: —
et a Cathaveri in mesi tre fino a L. 157: — per ho-
mo, et a gli Auocati gli fu dato sotto il Ma.co M.r Daniel
Condumiero gli fu cresciuto fino a L. 12:8, però in
ditti tre mesi, et alli Sig.i alla Sanità fino a L. 15:' —
il mese, et al Masser, e Pontador gli fu dato uno Du-
cato per homo all'anno, et dal /571 alli 16 Decembre
fo cresciuto al Masser delle arme per fino a L. 13:8
all' anno ; et di poi gli fo cresciuto a tutti gli Officiali sotto
il Mag. M.r Sipion Benzon, et a Sua Magnif.tia prima del
1583 alli 6 Nov.e L. 372 : — all'anno, et alli Zudesi e Si-
nico fino a L. 31: — al mese, al Camarlengo fino a L. 43: 8
in tre mesi, alli Auocati in mesi tre L. 27: 18 ; alli Catha-
veri in mesi tre L. 27 : — alla Sanità L. 18 : 12 il mese, et
tanto è mantenuto fino al presente zorno 1585 alli 8 Zugno.
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CAPO XV.
De tre Sagrestani.
Statiamo, et ordenemo, che siano elletti ogni anno
tre Sagrestani deputati alla Sagrestia della Chiesa dì
Mad.na S.ta Eufemia li quali Sagrestani habbino a star
quatro mesi per uno intrando in tali' Officio secondo
sarà Pellettion, et prima elletti; Officio de quali sia con
tutte le forze reger, et gubernar tutti gli beni si exi-
stenti in detta Sagrestia, et Chiesa, come etiam delle
Entrade, che corerà a suo tempo di essa Sagrestia, et
Chiesa et finito il tempo terminato de mesi quatro, essi
Sagrestani render debbono bon conto al sucessor suo
di tutto quello, che per lui sarà administrado, qual
conto, et ragion sue farà presente il Regimento justa
il solito sotto le pene contenute in la parte infrascritta.
Item che nessun Sagrestano, che per tempo sarà,
possi ne uogli tuor V offerta dell'arca de Mad.na Santa
Eufemia, ouero della Cassetta li posta se non gli in-
tervenirà almanco un Prete Canonico di essa Chiesa,
et non possendosi haver uno do' ditti Canonici toglisi
degl'altri beneficiati in detta Chiesa sotto pena in ar-
bitrio del Regimento, dedicata tamen essa pena a ditta
Sagrestia, et questa tante volte, quante contraffaranno
a ditto Ordine nostro.
Similiter dichiarimo de cetero nissun Sagrestano
possi, ne vogli per alcun modo, forma, overo ingegno
livelar o dasionar ad alcuno terreno alcuno che sia
de ditta nostra Chiesa di Mad.na Santa Eufemia senza
licentia expressa, et parte presa nel Conseguo nostro
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di Rovigno, sotto pena in arbitrio del Regimento, et si
gli havesseno livelladi, tali livelli siano di nessun
valor.
CAPO XVL
* *
Del Fontegher.
Volemo, che ogni anno al tempo debito sia elletto
uno Fontegaro bono et sufficiente, magior di anni tren-
ta, et T Officio del qual habbi durar per uno anno so-
lamente cum salario de L. 50:— de piccioli de danari
di esso Fontego. Et Officio del qual sia questo, e
prima
Che tutti gli Formenti, et Farine che pervenirano
al tempo della sua fontegaria debbia vender justamente,
et che tutti habbino il suo dover sotto pena de pri-
vation.
Dechiarando, che remagnando Formenti in ditto
Fontego più de mesi quatro, et che non sia messo
mano dentro uollemo, che alhora sia dato il conveniente
callo segondo sarà deputado per M.r lo Podestà et soi
Zudesi.
Delle Farine veram.te haver debbi ditto Fontegaro
per volativa lire dò per staro, et non più.
Item ordenemo, et expresse comandemo, che nes-
sun Fontegaro, che per l'avvenir sarà, non possi ne
vogli per alcun modo, uia, forma, overo color tenir in
ditto Fontego Formento nessuno, ne suo, ne d'altri,
ma solum Formento del Fontego sotto pena di perder
quello.
- 14 -
Ne possi esso Fontegaro tegnir per conto di ditto
Fontego più de uno monte di Formento et nno di Fa-
rina sotto pena di ducati cinquanta, et privato perpe-
tualmente de Fontegaro, qual pena pecuniaria la raità
sia del Fontego, P altra mità tra P accusator, et il Rettor.
che farà P execution.
Ordenemo et sancimo che essi Fontegari, ne alcun
altro per nome loro possino intrar in Fontego da hore
vintiquatro in driedo senza licentia dei Regimento et Depu-
tadi sotto la pena antess. de L. 300 : — da esser divise
come avanti, et questo tante volte, quante contrafarano.
Statuimo ancora che come il ditto Fontegaro ha-
uerà finito il suo tempo d' Anno uno, sia obbligato in
fra otto zorni haver saldato gli soi conti, et renontiar
ai suo successor tutti gii danari d'esso Fontego sotto
la Loza in presentia del Mag.co M.r lo Podestà e soi
Zudesi, e Deputadi gli qual danari debbano esser messi
de subito in una Cassa a ciò deputada, quale debba
remaner, et esser custodita in Casa del Fontegaro suc-
cedente, della qual vi siano chiave tre, Funa in mano
di M.r lo Podestà, P altra in mano d' esso Fontegaro ,
la terza appresso del Deputado più vecchio, acciò vol-
andosi traer il denaro da ditta Cassa, non si possi far
senza saputa di tutti tre, et sia obbligato ditto Fonte-
garo de ogni tratta di Formento, o farina che' 1 venderà
buttar gli danari in ditta Cassa per zornada, non re-
standogli in mano più di Ducati dieci per poter scambiar
delle monede, sotto pena della parte contenuta nel-
PEccmo Conseglio de Pregadi, et tenor della qual
seguita in cotal modo;
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Die 24 Septembris 1470 in Rogatis.
Necessaria còsa è a proveder, che gli Danari di
Fontegi delle terre de Istria siano ben, et con utilità,
et comodo delle università governati, et non siano spesi
ad altro, che in comprar Formenti, et in altre cose
necessarie de tal Fonteghi come sono deputadi et non
per mal modo dispensadi per gli Fontegari, et Camer-
lenghi di esse Comunità, li quali molte volte rimangnino
debitori, et negli consegli soi se fanno far gratie ad
uno hozi, dimane ad uno altro, et tutto questo danno
si converte alli poveri Fonteghi con intresse de poveri
populi, li quali senza Fontego star non ponno. Et sopra
di ciò vadi la parte, che tutti gli Rettori Nostri de
Istria presenti et che haranno da venir da Muggia fino
a Puola sotto pena di ducati cento non ardiscano, ne
presumano spender, ne consentir che sia speso alcun
denaro de rason del ditto Fontego eccetto che inFor-
mento, et altre cose necessarie per ditto Fontego.
Item, che tutti gli Fontegari de detti Fontighi otto
giorni dappoi, che auranno compito lo officio suo deb-
bano aver saldato la sua cassa, e consignada al suo
sucessor con tutte le rason del Fontego per esso ami-
nistrade sotto pena de soldi quatro per lira, la qual
pena sia degli Rettori Nostri, et privation perpetua de
tutti Offici, et beneficij de soi consegli
Tenor Legis.
Desiderando lo ben utile, et bon governo de que-
sta Comunità, acciò che gli danari del Comun, Fontego,
et Chiese siano alli bisogni necessarj sempre presti, et
apparecchiadi , Statuimo, et ordenemo, che alcuno
■
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Sacrestan, Fontegaro, o Camarlengo del Nostro Comun
per tutto il tempo degli soi Officij, non ardisca, ne
pressuma per alcun modo, via, o ingegno degli danari
li quali si trovano aver in suo Governo aspettanti a
ditti soi Officij alcuna particula od alcuno imprestarne
in mercantia, o in suo uso metter, nè per alcun altro
modo dispensar, se non in utilità de ditti Officij, et
sempre con licentia data per M.r lo Podestà sotto pena
di privation perpetua de ditti Officij, et perder la quan-
tità de denari, per tal modo spesi, o dispensadi, e altri
tanti de soi proprij Beni de la qual pena uno terzo sia
del Comun, Fontego, o Chiesa, l'altro terzo dii accu-
sador et l'altro dil Rettor, che farà tal execution, et
la ditta quantità de Denari imprestadi et in suo uso
convertidi, o per altro modo mal dispensadi, subito al
ditto Comun siano tenudi del suo proprio reffar, et
restituir, et se gli ditti danari così dispensadi passassero
la summa de ducati X d 1 Oro, similmente cada alla ditta
pena cadauno contrafTacciente a questa nostra legge, et
ultra di questo siano privati perpetualmente de Officio,
et benefiF.o et del Nostro Conseglio, Et per comanda-
mento dei Podestà Nostro ogni anno la prima Domenega
di Quaresima in Conseglio sia pubblicado come ladro,
et robador degli danari del ditto Comun et che gli
successori soi per alcun modo non debbano rezevertal
debitor in suo conto anzi sia tegnudo denontiar a M.r
lo Podestà e giurar a bona fede senza fraude tutta la
quantità degli denari che manualmente hauerà rezevuti,
come si usa nell'alma Città di Venetia. Et perchè le
induta una prava, e pessima consuetudine del tutto da
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- 17 —
esser erradicata e convertita in miglior uso, in non
lassar che le entrade, e gli danari de esse tratti di
questa povera Comunità quali sono dagli Rettori pas-
sati a loro modo dispensati e malamente spesi, senza
utele alcuno, o comodo di questo Comun senza saputa
del sindico e zudesi altre volte a ciò deputadi, ma dati,
et comutadi in crediti de Officiali per robbe et altre
cattive vie, con grande giattura e danno di esso n.ro
comun contro .il volere, et mente dell' muta Signoria
Nostra. Per tanto con P Autorità del Magnifico M.r
Gentil Contarmi Podestà Nostro presente statuimo, et
inviolabilmente da esser de cetero osservato deliberemo,
che nessun Rettor Nostro per l'avvenir non possi ne
vagli per via alcuna, modo, over colore dispensar, di-
stribuir, dar, o commutar per robba alcuno per se, o
per altri o in altro modo ad alcuno gli crediti degli
Officiali de Comun se no tuor il suo salario netto se-
condo la sua limitation datagli per io Eccel.mo Con-
seguo dei X all'Officio delli Mac. li Sigi Governatori
dell' entrade, et di altro negli ditti denari di Comun
non se impacciar, salvo che insieme con gli soi Zudesi
tutti tre, et Sindico, et Camerlengo, et Cancel.e di
Comun, et come nelle Lette Ducali si contien sotto
pena al Camerlengo che disborsasse il Danaro senza el
modo sopras.to di perder tanto del suo quanto avesse
senza gli Zudesi, et Sindico, e Canc.r de Comun des-
borsati.
Nè possi il Cancei.r de Comun menar partida de
dispensation senza il modo sopraesposto sotto pena
d' esser privo immediate dell' Officio, et esser bandito
3
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in perpetua de Rovigno et suo Destretto, et pagar
delli soi Beni lire dusento da esser divise tra il Comun,
et accusador quale sia tenudo di credenza.
capo xvn.
De la eUetHon de due Advocatu
Ordenemo, che ogni tre mesi siano elletti nel No-
stro Conseglio dui boni Ad vocali gli quali siano obbligati
in gli zorni deputati di rason a presentarsi sotto la
Loza alla presentia de M.r lo Podestà in Juditio, et
parlar per coloro saranno richiesti, et non possino in
tal giorno partirsi dalla Terra di Rovigno senza licentia
del Regi inculo sotto pena di soldi dieso in Comun, salvo
sempre giusto impedimento, et vollemo che nissun altro
possi parlar in giuditio, salvo essi avocati si non ac-
cordano la corte et diano la solita utilità a ditti Ad-
uocati, segondo qui de sotto sarà dichiarato. Reservan-
do tamen gli Parenti et congionti in consanguinità,
per li quali sia lecito al Padre per il Figliolo, et Figlio
per il Padre, Fradelli, et Zermani, et altri congionti
parlar l'uno per l' altro.
Et volemo, che accordato, che hauerano la corte
ciascuno possi avocar essendo richiesti, siano tenuti
immediate el premio suo parlar, et dire le rasòn di
quelli per li quali saranno richiesti, et quando recu-
sasseno gli sia posta pena de lire cinque, non inten-
dendo però coltra Parenti, et altri congionti in affinità,
et ogni volta, che gli advocati elletti per Conseglio
non voranno avocar, possi alhora qualunque persona
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trovar advocato extraordinario senza altro pagamento
del' ordinario.
Item che ciascun advocato dappoi che haverà as-
sumeste, e tolto qualche differentia, debbia con il suo
clientulo intravenir agli termini debiti sotto pena de L.
5 : — ut supra, salvo sempre giusto impedimento, gli
quali, etiam advocati siano obbligati ultimar ciascuna
differentia per loro comenzada, ne sia concesso a ditti
advocati, imo prohibito, avocar per ninno, che prima
avesse inteso o visto la rason dell'altra parte a quella
contraria sotto pena de L. 5 : — de piccioli et niente
di* manco non possi avocar in ditta causa.
Termenemo che '1 pagamento di Advocati sia que-
sto fino soldi quaranta, soldi tre; da soldi quaranta fino
L. 5:^— soldi cinque, e da L 5:- fino a L. 50: —
soldi dieci, e de lì in suso soldi vinti, ne più possino
tuor ad alcuno.
CAPO XVIII.
Della Klection del Sindico de Comun.
Ordenemo, et volemo, che ogni anno ai tempo
debito in el Nostro Conseglio sia eletto uno sindico de
Comun l'Officio del qual sia de procurar con tutte sue
forze del ben utile non solamente dil Comun e Fontego
di questa Terra, come etiam di tutte le Chiese, et dove
comprenderà, et intenderà alcun dano dover seguir
a esso Comun, Fontego, et Chiese dinotarlo a M.r lo
Podestà et cercar de oviar quello non havendo rispetto
ad alcuno, il pagamento dil qual e premio sarà secondo
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parerà a M.r lo Podestà che saranno slati gli portamenti
soi, al qual sia dato corporal sacramento ogni tre mesi
de far V Officio suo ben, et diligentemente postposto
ogni rispetto; et possi esser elletto in ogn' altro officio
con premio, et salario, come senza, così dentro, come
di fora.
CAPO XIX.
De la Election de uno massaro.
Similmente se haverà da elezer ogni anno et de-
putar un masser de Comun l'Officio del qual sia de
tegnir, et con diligentia governar V artellarie e munition
de qualunque sorte che si attrova in questa Terra, et
finito il suo Officio consegnar per aventario al suo
successor si come havera rezevuto.
CAPO XX.
De la Election di un Appontador.
Così etiam vollemo, che sia elletto un Apontador
de Comun qual sia obligaio appontar tutti collori che
non venirano al Conseglio al tempo debito, di pena di
soldi X ogni volta, et la metà di tal pena guadagni
esso appontador V altra mettà el Comun.
CAPO XXI.
De la Election si debba far nel Conseglio.
Comandemo oltra de ciò, che ogni volta che se
farà Conseglio, convocato a son di Campana juxta Tan-
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tiqua consuetudine, coloro, che venirano ad esso Con-
seglio et che hauerano balotta d' Oro et sarano ellet-
tionarij doppo che per loro conscientia hauerano elletto
chi più sufficiente e miglior gli parerà prima havuto
sacramento da M.r lo Podestà di far bona ellettion
siano cazali per quella ballotation tantum, et il simil
sia de quelli, che sarano ellelti in quella istessa ellet-
tion siano cazadi, ne possino ballottar, et a tal conditi < m
siano etiam cazadi tutti doi gli parentadi videlicet quelli
della Casada de tutti doi gli elletti, sichè non re-
sti nessuna de ditte doi Casade degli insieme, et
per scontro elletli, et gli altri juxta il consueto
cazadi.
V
capo xxn.
Che li elletti in off.o non possi reffudar.
Item tutti coloro sarano elletti in qualche Officio
di esso Conseglio non possino quello reffudar sotto pena
di L. 5 : — per ciascuna volta da esser applicade al
Comun.
CAPO XXffl.
Che nessuno essendo debitor possi haver o.ffo
che si adminisftri danari.
Affermemo, ed expresse comandemo, che nessun
di questo Nostro Conseglio non possi hauer Officio che
si administra danari essendo restati debitori del Comun,
Fontego, o Chiesa.
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CAPO XXIV.
De la tìlection de uno soprastante al Torchio.
Ordeuemo ancora, che al tempo debito de far degli
Ogli se habbia ellezzer in el nostro Conseglio uno so-
prastante al Torchio, 1' Officio del qual sia da veder,
et intravegnir continue de dì et de notte in essoTor*
chio quando si misura lo Oglio, essendo obbligato far
ben, et sufiìcentemente.
•
CAPO XXV.
Degli Ambasciatori.
Statuimo, et comandemo, che sciascuno Imbasciator
del Comun de Rovigno, il quale andarà in servitii di
esso Comun per la Hystria a piedi haver debbia soldi
14 al giorno, et con lo Cavallo soldi vinti al giorno
da questo nostro Comun el qual sia tegnudo delo an-
dar, et delo ritorno* et che ciascun de tal ambasciator
giurar debbia far la sua ambasciata ben, et legalmente,
et retornar, et compir le faconde a lui comesse più
presto el potrà, guardando sempre la più utilità di esso
Comun, et ogni Rettor sia tenudo far pagar avvanti il
suo compir in danari tutto il salario de ditti ambascia-
sciatori mandati in servitii del ditto nostro Comun.
CAPO XXVI.
Del Datio della Beccaria.
Ordenemo, che sia venduto, ed al pubblico incanto
deliberato el Datio della Beccaria de questa Comunità
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nostra a quello, che più offerirà, el Condutor del qual
overo conditori siano tenuti, et obligati de tegnir la
Beccaria ben fornita de Carne rasonevole et non te-
gnando chel sia in arbitrio di M.r lo Podestà che sarà
a quel tempo al Regimento de Rovigno dar licentia ad
altri Cittadini, et habitanti in questo loco, che e II i pos-
sino, et vaglino vender Carne così grosse come mi-
nute senza alcuno Datio, et gabella, et che alhora il
ditto Datiaro non possi vender, ne far vender Carne
fino a tanto che coloro agli quali sarà dato licentia non
hauerano compido del vender le soe, cioè quelle che
harano amazzate tantum et esso Condutor overo Con-
dutori del ditto Datio debbano dar secura piezaria in
la Terra, come parerà a M.r lo Podestà e Zudesi che
la sia sufficiente, dovendose dar, come è usanza
voce a tal Datio uno o dui mesi avanti el compir pa-
gando le sue paghe de tre mesi in tre mesi.
Termenemo, et volemo, che cadauna persona possi
far, e far far Carne alla Beccaria di qualunque sorte
alli pretij limitadi pagando tamen piccoli doi per lira
de peso al Condutor de esso Datio, avendo lire quatro
per cento de quello sarà pesado de Callo.
Item vollemo, che nessuno sia chi esser si vogli
possi vender, ne far vender Carne maculata senza li-
centia de M.r lo Podestà-, tutta via che siano extimate
el diligentemenie viste per li Cathaveri de Comun sotto
pena de lire c:nq.ta alli contrafatienti da esser divisa
fra il Comun et Paccusador.
Ordenemo etiam, che tutte le Carne che si tra-
zerano di questa Terra, o Territorio suo non si pos-
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sino trazer per altro loco, che per V alma Città di
Venetia sotto la pena al contraffaciente de L. 50 : —
et perder gli animali et Carne f ussero tratte da esser
divise ut supra.
Item deliberemo che nessuna persona sì Condut-
tori di esso Datio, come etiam altri pressuma ne ardi-
sca vender Carne d'animali morti istessi ne in Becca-
ria, ne altrove sotto pena de lire cinquanta d' esser
divise ut supra. *
Similmente dicemo, che nessuno pcssi far Carne
in altro loco che in Beccaria senza licentia del Datier
sotto pena de lire cinque per ogni volta, et perder la
Carne.
Et dichiaremo specialmente in tal vender Carne,
et cosi deliberemo che ogni volta, che si farà Carne,
che non sia cosi recipiente et buona et specialmente
d' animali grossi che non si possi, vender se prima non
sarano extimate per gli Cathaveri de Comun, et non es-
sendo gli ditti in Terra, siano in ogni modo extimate per
due del Nostro Conseglio, che parerà a M.r lo Podestà.
Statuimo etiam, che nessuno cosi Datiaro, come
altra persona faciente Carne non possi vender Carne de
Molton, Becco, o pecora, o altre male Carne, per Carne
castrate et bone ne vender una Carne per una altra
sotto pena de Lire XXX : — ogni volta contraffarà, la
mittà al Comun, et l'altra mittà allo accusador, et per-
der le Carne fraudate, et trovade esser cosi, come di
sopra, et lo accusador de credenza tenuto.
Comandemo, et volemo, et il luoco, eh' è all' in-
contro della Banca de gli Beccari sia destinato et
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accomodato a ciascnna persona volesse tagliar, over far
Carne sotto Datio, o per altro modo, ne gli Beccari lo
possono prohibir, ne deve dar sotto pena de lire tre da
esser divise ut supra.
Statuimo, et questa esser nostra deliberation after-
memo, che le Carne grosse di manzo, et Vacche va-
glino, et si veri Jino a ciascuno a soldi uno la lira.
Carne di Vitello che non passa lire cento»
Bagatini XIIH la lira
Carne di Castron „ XVI „ „
Carne d'agnelli e Capretti . . „ XUH „ „
Becchi Castrati „ XII „ „
Carne di pecora „ XII „ „
Carne di Caura, Becchi e Montoni „ X » »
Ogni testa di Castron con li suoi piedi „ XVIII „ „
Figado di Castron ....... soldi dò la lira
La testa con la Coradelia d' Agnelli, et Capretti, con li
piè, soldi dò in tutto.
Ogni Zeneda soldi uno.
Ogni testa d'animai grosso soldi cinque.
Dichiarindo, ch'essi Condutori del Datio, et altri
vendenti Carne per otto giorni dapoi Pasqua, princi-
piando il sabato Santo possino vender dette Carni di
Agnelli, et Capretti justa l'antiqua consuetudine.
Ordiuemo, che ogni volta che ditti Condutori di
esso Datio, et altri che contraffarano all'ordine sopra-
esposto da essa limitation caschino alla pena de soldi
XX per ogni volta da esser divisa fra il Comun et
accusador.
4
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CAPO XXVII.
Di non condur Animali da fora dentro, o nel
Territorio senza licentia del Regirnento.
Terminemo, che nessuna persona cosi terriera, come
forestiera possi, ne vogli condur Animali di fuori in
questa Terra, overo sopra questo Territorio da altro
luoco, o territorio senza licentia expressa da M.r lo
Podestà, sotto pena de L. 25 : — da esser divise come
sopra, eccetuando tamen gli Buoi conducono gli Vicini
Nostri per arrar et Cavalli, quali non sottozasono a tal
ordine et similiter non si possi extrazer Animali fuora
di questo Territorio senza licentia ut ante, eccetuando
Bovi di Arrar, et Cavalli come si è detto.
Deliberemo, che ogni volta, che alcuno venderà
Animali fuori del Territorio debbino pagar ad essi Da-
tiari, overo in Comun, de Bovi, et Vacche soldi quattro
per testa, de Cavalli soldi cinque, et de Animali me-
nudi soldi uno per testa.
Volemo etiam, che ogni volta, che P occori, che
sia condotto Animali per transito sì de terrieri come
de Forestieri, si grossi come menudi stando più de tre
giorni pagar debbino de Animali grossi soldi qualro per
testa, de menudi soldo uno, de cavalli veramente de terrieri
soldi cinque per testa, et gli Forestieri soldi dieci al
Comun, overo Datier.
Dichiaremo oìtra di questo se qualcheduno venirà
a vender Porchi in questo luoco pagar abbino soldi
12: — per testa de quelli si ammazeranno, et stando
più de tre giorni sopra il territorio soltozaseno al Datio
4
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consueto et se alcun vicin de Rovigno vorrà comprar
de detti porchi per uso suo, non sottozasi a Datio
alcuno.
Item deliberemo, che nissuno vicin de Rovigno
possi tegnir sopra questo territorio et distretto porchi,
salvo in loco, et in destretto ita che non possino far
danno alcuno sotto pena de lire cinque per cadauna
volta sarà trovato.
CAPO XVIII.
Del Datio menudo.
. » »
Statuimo, et vollemo che ciascuna persona, Cittadin
et habitador in Rovigno, o Forestier, et chi esser sì
voglia, che venderà ad alcuno cosi Terriero, come Fo-
restiero per oazon di extrazer fuor de Rovigno, et del
Territorio, cosi per mar, come per terra, Formazo,
Galla, et Fil de Lana pagar debbi al ditto Comun,
ouero al Datiaro rezevente per suo nome piccioli dò
per lira di peso.
Per ogni maza de Griso vendudo piccoli do per
lira.
Per ogni lira de lana picioli quatro.
Cuovi conzi, et non conzi, e Pellame d' ogni sorte
soldi uno per lira intendando la valuta de essi.
Formenti et Segalle, et megli soldi uno per mezena.
Delle altre Biave veramente picioli sei per mezena.
Item lutti gli Forestieri che portano vino, et lo
vendeno a quarta agli habitanti, et comprante quello in
Rovigno pagar debino soldo uno per quarta.
Per ogni quarta de Zonta picioli sie.
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Asedo picioli sei»
Intendendo che li cnoi Conzi e non Gonzi, et
Biavo si tragieno per Venetia non sia obbligadiad al-
cun Datio.
Siano obbligati a pagar quelli estrazerano Ogli, si
per mar, come per terra da questo loco de Rovigno
soldi otto per Orna, Miei, et Cerume.
CAPO XXIX
Del Datio dal Vin.
Statuimo, et vollemo, che si habbi a vender al
publico incanto, deliberar il Datio dal Vin de questa
nostra Comunità al più offerente de anno in anno; el
Condutor del qual sia obligato dar idonea Piezaria infra
giorni otto dapoi gli sarà deliberato faciendo le sue
paghe da tre mesi in tre mesi juxta il solito, et questi
sono gli Capitoli da esser servati per tal Datio.
Ordenemo prima che ciascun, che vorrà vender
Vin a spina sia obligato in prima instantia rechieder
ad esso conduttor de far le Chiave de la Botte, o Ar-
naso vorrà vender, qual venditor sia obbligato pagar
soldi 4 : — per quarta al Comun ouero al ditto con-
duttor del Datio.
Ne possi ditto vendente Vino per alcun modo,
forma, o color aggionger Vino sopra quello che una
volta sarà posta la chiave sotto pena di L. XXV da
esser divise tra il Comun, Datiario, et accusador, et
questo tante volte, quante contrafarano.
Ordenando oltra di ciò, che tutti coloro vende-
ranno Vino a spina infra termine de giorni otto debbi
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haver sagoma do, o rimasto d'accordo con il Comun,
overo Conduttor del Datio sopraditto sotto pena di S.
3 : — per ciascuna volta da esser divise, ut supra.
Similiter vollemo, che nissuna persona, et sia chi
esser si voglia, possi vender Vino in grosso senza li-
cenza de M.r lo Podestà, ovvero Datier, sotto pena
di perder el Vin del qual veram.te Vin, che si venderà
fori, debbano pagar gli venditori soldi dò per quarta
al Comun, ower Datiaro.
CAPO XXX.
Che alcun Cittadin non possi levar Datti per
Nobili Venetianu
Statuimo, et da esser inviolabilmente osservato
ordenemo, che essendo stato altre volte per lo Eccelso
et Inclito Ducale Dominio di Venetia provisto, che per
varij, et diversi respetti nessun gentilhomo veneto po-
tesse torre gli Datij di le Comunità, et lochi sui, ne
esser Conduttori de quelli come nella parte sopra ciò
si contiene, et asioche ne anche per altro modo, via,
o forma si possino essi Gentilhomini impacciar ne ha-
ver da far ne tenir de parte in alcuno degli Datij no-
stri come è giusto, et conveniente. Pertanto volemo che
nessun Nostro Cittadin de Rovigno, o altri possi, o
vagli tuor, o far tuor alcuno degli nostri Datij de que-
sta Terra per alcuno Nobile Veneto, o per loro nome,
ne haver compagnia con loro, sotto pena di Ducati
trenta, a chi contrafarà il presente ordine nelli pro-
pri Beni, da esser divisi la mità all' accusador e
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r altra mità al Rettor nostro, che farà tal execu-
tione.
CAPO XXXI.
De non condur Vin Forestiero.
Terminemo, et orrìenemo, che Dissona persona
cosi maschio, come femina, et cosi terriero come Fo-
restiero, et cosi Ghlerico come Layco ardisca, ne pro-
strala, così per mar, come per terra condur, ne far
condur per alcun modo Vin Forestier in questa terra
de Rovigno ne destretto per cazon de vender o altra-
mente fino a tanto che sarà del Vin del loco sotto
pena a quelli conducesseno tal Vin forestier de lire
XXV, et perder el vino, della qual pena uno terzo sia
di M.r lo Podestà uno al Comun, uno all' accusador.
Dechiarando sopra di ciò per utile di poveri no-
mini che de gli Vini de questa Terra non se habbi a
vender più de soldi uno per Bozza et vendendo più
alhora per Dir lo Podestà et Zudesi sia provisto, che
si abondantia in la Terra et che le povere persone,
che comprano a menudo non vegnano a patir si come
alhora meglio a loro parerà.
Et occorendo, che Dio non vogli, che '1 fosse poco
Vin in questa Terra per difetto di tempesta Brisine, o
altro solito male, che fusse di necessità torre vinj Fo-
restieri, dichiaremo, che vendandose soldi uno la bozza
pagar debbino al Comun, o Datier soldi XII per quarta,
et vendendosi piccioli XVI per ogni quarta soldi XVI,
a piccoli XVIII, soldi XVIII, et da li in suso vendendo
Spldi XXXII per quarta.
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Quelli veramente che portassero vin forestiro per
uso suo, paghino soldi cinque per quarta al Dalio.
Ordenemo, che ciascun Cittadin, et habitante in
Rovigno, che vorrà condur vini de fuora essendo de
sue vigne, et possessioni, possino quelli condur dentro,
et adoperandogli per suo uso non sottozasano ad alcun
pagamento, et vendendo a menudo paghino soldi otto
per quarta al Dalio.
Affermemo etiam, che nessun Cittadin etabhitante
in Ro vigno, et de vicin a vicino specialmente Barcaruoli,
comprando vin per uso suo tantum non sottozasano ad
alcun Datio.
Vollemo, et assentimo che ogni vecchio, che passa
anni LXX et etiam per volontà de qualche Femina gra-
veda possi comprare de vini Forestieri dolci per uso
loro tantum una quarta al mese, pagando però il Datio
ut supra.
capo xxm
Che nessuno Forestier possi far hostaria, se
non da Pieghiaria*
Deliberemo etiam che nessuno forastier non possi
per alcun modo far Hostaria in Rovigno, ne suo De-
stretto sei non darà pieghiaria de Ducati vinticinque,
sotto pena de perder il vin et altro tanto più per pe-
na da esser divisa ut supra.
Ordenemo, ancora che ciascuna persona, così ter-
riero, come forestiero, che condurà in Rovigno Malva-
sia o nel destretto, ovvero Romanie per vender al
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menudo pagar debbino soldi XVI per quarta al Dallo,
e non vendandola, ma tenendola per suo uso, soldi
cinque per quarta.
capo xxxm.
Del Batto della Piera.
Volemo, che tutti coloro cargarano, o farano car-
gar Piere, overo sassi gregi sopra questo Territorio
pagar debino alla rata d'ogni Navilio per ogni cento
miara de piere soldi XVI al Datio, di piere lavorade
veramente per ogni soldi XII pagar debbino soldi uno
andando in qualunque loco eccepto a Venetia che non
vano Piere da muro,* da tetto, scaggia ut supra de
soldi XII uno.
■
CAPO XXXIV.
De la Fonatoria.
Il si haverà da vender el Datio della Panataria
de tre stati li quali siano ciascuno daspersi venduti
intendando, et dechiarando, che ciascun statio non possi
haver più de cesti quatro, overo conche.
Similiter siano obligati quelli, alli quali sarano de-
liberati tali Datij, overo statij far fare il pan al pretio
gli sarà limitado per gli Cathaveri de Comun sempre
tamen con licentia de M.r lo Podestà et Giudeci sia
fatta tal limitation, et per essi Cathaveri revisti gli
pesi del pan, come avanti è sta dichiarido.
Intendando che tal limitation non possi esser più
di soldi XII per staro, essendo obligati ditti Conduttori
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degli statij far far il pan ben cotto, ed al peso limi-
tato sotto pena de soldi XX, e perder il pan ogni
volta che contrafarano.
CAPO XXXV.
Del Batto del Pesce.
Se venderà, et al pubblico incanto se deliberarà
el Datio del Pesce de questo nostro Comun al più of-
ferente per anno uno, et a questo sarano obligati tutti
gli Pescatori, et prehendenti pesci sì Terrieri come Fo-
restieri de tutto el pesce barano preso, et prenderano
sopra queste acque, et prefatto nostro, pagar debbono
de otto uno, siccome vollèmo che sia osservato, ecce-
tuado le Peschiere, che pagheranno de sei uno. In-
tendendo che il pesce salato sottozasi a questo istesso
Datio.
Ordenemo, et comandemo, che tutti essi pescatori
nostri, et prehendenti pesci in prima instantia che ve-
nirano alla terra con esso pesce, siano obbligati por-
tarlo alla pescaria de Comun sopra la riva deputada,
ne quello possino vender senza licentia de M.r lo Po-
destà qual licentia h avuta vender debbino al li pretii
limitadi; cioè il pesce Bianco piccioli XVIII la lira, il
pesce tresso la lira soldi uno, e nel tempo della Qua-
dragesima un Bezzo più per lira, et non più, sotto
pena a ciascun, che contrafarà, sì del non vender in
pescaria come senza licentia, et ultra li pretij limitadi
de lire XXV per ciascuno et ciascuna volta contrafa-
rano, la qual pena sia divisa tra il Comun nostro, et
accusato^
5
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Item deliberemo, che tutti essi pescatori che pren-
deranno pesci sopra queste acque siano obligati, et
debino per uso della nostra Terra portar la terza parte
del pesce qui et le altre due parte possino estrazer
per l'alma Città de Venetia siccome per gli ordeni di
Sig. Sindici sopra ciò si legge; sotto pena de lire
cinque per ogni volta, et perder il pesce che contra-
farano da esser divise ut supra.
CAPO XXXVL
Che coloro, che toglierlo Datij debbino dar
Piegiaria.
Terminemo, che tutti coloro, alli quali saranno
deliberati gli Datij nostri, siano obligatl, et debbano in
termine de giorni otto dapoi la deliberation dar, et
presentar a M.r lo Podestà sufficiente piegiaria ad at-
tender alle paghe solile, et termini usitadi, altrimenti
contraffacendo, tali Datij siano recantati a tutte spese
de colui, che al suo termine non avrà data suficiente
piegiaria.
Vollemo etiam, che nessuno che sarà restado de-
bitor de qualche datio possi torre quelli se non ha-
ranno satisfatti gli loro debiti con integrità.
capo xxxvn.
Di danni datu
Dichiaremo et ordenemo, che ogni volta che al-
cuno sì maschio, come femina farà danno per vigna
via, o campo, terra semenada, Biave, Pradi, et ogni
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altra possessione seri-atta, caschino alla pena di soldi
XX essendo a Cavallo, senza Cavallo soldi X per ogni
animai grosso soldi quattro senza altro come qui de
sotto ei dechiarirà.
Item terminemo, che tutti coloro, che hanno borii,
debbino quelli tenir serrati vollendo tenirli in coltura,
altramente facendosi danno alcun sei farà comesso sia
a suo danno.
CAPO XXXVIII.
Che non si guasti Serraglie.
Deliberando che niuno ardisca, ne presuma de
guastar le serraglio de Vigne, horti, o lacuzi o altra
possession serrata sotto pena di Lire cinque per cia-
scuna volta da esser divisa ut supra.
Statuimo sopra gli danni, che ogni giorno ven-
gano comessi per gii Animali in le vigne, et Posses-
sion degli habitanti in Rovigno ; et prima ogni volta
sarà trovato Cavallo impasturato in Vigne, horti, Campi
seminati dentro delle Finide pagar debino soldi sei per
testa, et similmente de notte despasturato, veramente
pagar debba soldi nove, de qual danari una parte sia
del Comun, uno dell' accusador, et la terza del patron
della possession.
Animali asinini trovati in tal danni soldi quatro
per uno.
Animali Boini soldi XVI per paro così di giorno
come di notte trovati in danno.
Animali Vacchini soldi quatro per Cavo fino a
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dieci, e dagli dieci in suso soidi XL.ta intendando
Luteo.
Animali menuti soldi do per testa fino al numero
de vinti, et da animali venti in suso soldi quaranta
intendando Laneo.
Dechiarando sopra gli Cavalli, che sarano ritro-
vati de notte senza callego, et Pasture pagar debino
soldi dodese per uno, et se il sarà impasturato de
notte sanza collego soldi Vini per uno come di sopra
è ditto, oltra la qual pena limitada siano et obbligati
gli patroni di tal animali pagar il danno sarà fatto se-
condo sarà extimato per li Cathaveri de Comun.
Volemo oltra de ciò che tutti gli animali che ve-
nirano dentro la Finida granda avanti il tempo depu-
tado, eh' è di Santo Andrea fino al giorno primo de
Aprile dagli in driedo venendo animali sessanta pagar
debbino soldi quatro per testa per pena.
Item per obuiar alli molti danni vengono com-
messi per gli animali menudi, ordenemo per tanto, che
da nessun tempo essi animali possino venir in la Fi-
nida picciola, intendando etiam vacchini et Cavallini,
salvo dui per vicino atti a lavorar, sotto pena de soldi
quatro per testa de vacchini e cavallini.
E menuti veramente soldi quaranta per laneo, es-
sendo più de venti come è dichiarito di sopra.
E animali Caprini veramente ordenemo, che in
modo alcun non possino venir siccome etiam per com-
mission de Magnifici Signori Sindici altre volte sopra
de ciò fu deliberato, sotto pena de lire dieci per cia-
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scuna volta da esser divisa ut supra, et l' acusador sia
tenudo di credenza.
Ordenemo etiam, che li buò non possino vegnir
in la Finida picciola sotto pena de soldi quatro per
cavo, et alli patroni lire XXcinque da esser divise ut
supra.
E per questo sia concesso a tutti coloro hanno
animali de qualunque sorte che sarano trovadi fuori
della Finida in Campi, Vigne, et ogni altra sorte di
possession pagar la pena ut supra limitada secondo la
qualità degli animali, dummodo gli ditti horti, et Vigne,
et Campi siano serrati, et non essendo serrati solum
pagar debino gli danni sarano extimati.
Vollemo che ogni volta che sarà fatto danno in
possession de altri non trovandosi gli dannatoli, coloro
che più appresso sarano, e più propinqui con gli soi
animali, gli dove sarà fatto il danno, et che sia co-
gnosciuto quella sorte di animali haver per le peste, o
altro evidente segnai sottozasino al danno, che sarà
extimato.
Deliberemo, che ogni volta, che sarà messo ani-
mali in Berlina, ritrovati in danno, com' è usanza, non
sia oso alcun patron, ne prosuma aver altri per suo
nome cavar, et desligar tal animali de Berlina senza
licentia de Zudesi over Saltori, et fatto il pagamento
limitado, et niente di manco, siano obbligali pagar il
danno, et soldi XX per pena.
Che nessuno ardisca, ne prossuma, et sia chi es-
ser si voglia, ogni volta che per gli saltori simenarà,
et condurà animali in Berlina per danno, che habbiano
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fatto torre tal animali de man de essi Saltori sotto
pena di lire XXV da esser divise ut supra.
Sopra gli qual danni specialmente al tempo delle
Uve, deliberemo, che siano elletti, et deputadi gli Sai-
tori a custodia delle possession a comune spese di
colletta justa il solito, li quali siano tenuti, et obbli-
gati accusar, et denontiar sì persone, come animali
trovarano dannifìcar in le Vigne, et possession de Vi-
cini et habitanti in Rovigno.
Non possi nessun Saltor preditto per alcun modo
et forma accordarsi con alcun dannificator nessuna data
notitia alla persona dannificata sotto pena de lire X et
privation de Saltoria perpetualmente, et major ancor
pena ad arbitrio dil Reggimento.
Similiter siano obligati tutti coloro hanno Cani al
tempo delle uve metergli gli soi uncini juxta il con-
sueto, sotto pena a coloro sarano trovati senza uncini
in vigne soldi diese, et con Uncini soldi V, et emen-
dar in pieno il danno havesse fatto tal cani.
Statuimo, che de celerò nessun condutor del Datio
della Beccaria possi condur Castroni, ne altri animali
menudi in la Finida del Comun cosi granda come pic-
ciola fino alla festa di San Pietro del mese de Zugno,
et da quello per fino a Carlevar debba insir fora sotto
pena consueta excettuando gli agnegli per Carne.
Item non possi tegnir animali grossi dentro de
ditta Finida si non quelli sono per il fatto della Bec-
caria, et non per uso del ditto Conduttor in speciali-
tade, sotto ditta pena, et tutti gli animali che haveranno
comprado dagli vicini di Rovigno sia tegnudo di far
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39
alla Beccaria, et non vender in grosso sotto pena de
lire XX de piccoli.
CAPO XXXIX
De non habentibus Viam.
Dichiaremo, che se alcuno hauerà Vigna, Campo,
overo horto, et non hauerà certa via di andar a quelli,
gli Cathaveri de Comun giuradi con licentia di 3MLr
lo Podestà, vadano in quello loco quando saranno re-
quiriti, et bene considerati gli lati a torno a torno più
congrui, et convenienti dove meglio a loro parerà, et
con menor danno degli circonvicini debbino assignar
via per terra della proprietà d' alcuno, quelli alli quali
sarà data la via satisfacia al patron della proprietà de
quelli secondo lo arbitrio degli ditti extimadori.
Coloro veramente, che per qualche sua comodità
averà in lavoriero de qualche sua terra, serrato, et
occupato la via dove le persone fanno transito; vole-
mo, che immantinente aprir debbino dall' altra banda ;
ita che a tutti sia Comune via, et sempre con licentia
de M.r lo Podestà, acciò che per quello sia imposto
alli Cathaveri che habbi veder tal via che non fosse
con sinistro di vicini, et questa sotto pena de soldi
XXti per ciascuna volta.
CAPO XL.
Che alcuno non si possi intrometter nelle
s
possessioni ét altri.
Statuimo, et deliberemo, che niun de caetero si
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Intrometterà In pussession de altrui de ciascuna sorte
esser si sia, senza voluntà del patron de quella pos-
session aver romperà la corona ovvero termini o al-
tri segni determinati ovvero mediante qualche possesion
queste tal diferentie volemo siano cognosciute per ogni
bon rispetto civilmente, et condennando il Reo a re-
stituir la cosa intromessa, et in valor di quella al Co-
mun soldi cento.
Delle cose veramente mobile, sia in arbitrio de
M.r lo Podestà la qual pena de sòldi cento non si pos-
si accusar in Cancelleria ma solum civilmente sia co-
gnosciuta et non altrimente.
CAPO XLL
De far estimar infra tre giorni.
Per risechar molte differentie che alla giornata
risurgono per li molti danni commessi per gli animali
in le possession de altrui, volemo adonque che ogni
volta, che sarà fatto danno -alcun in vigna, tormento,
horti o altri qualunque danni soliti a farsi, siano obli—
gati coloro a chi sarà fatto il danno fare extimar infra
tre giorni dapoi che hauerà inteso, et havuto notitia
del danno, altrimente le extime fatte da poi tre giorni
siano de nissun valor.
CAPO XL1I.
Delle Extime scosse.
Ordinemo, che tutti coloro, che hanno extime so-
pra alcun dannator debbi haver quelle scosse, etliqui-
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date, et mandate ad execution per via di sententia in
termene de anno uno, aliter passato P anno non si
possi più domadar.
CAPO XLIII
Che li Salteri siano obbligati a notificar
gli danni.
Termenemo, et vollemo che omnino gli Salteri et giu-
rati, che sarano posti a custodia delle possessioni sia-
no tenuti et obligati in termine de tre giorni haver
denontiato, et notificato gli danni che haverano trovato
esser commessi sotto pena de perder tutto il suo sa-
lario, et altro tanto più degli soi beni, et più perpe-
tualmente dell'officio della Saltaria.
i
CAPO XLIV
Che non si possi haver più d' una Stantia.
Dichiarimo etiam, che nissuna persona, et sia chi
esser si voglia possi haver più d'una stanzia sopra il
territorio di Rovigno intendendo una per animali gros-
si, et una per gli Animali menuti, dichiarando se tal
stanzia hauranno tolto a fitto da questo nostro Comun,
per nessun modo quelli tali, alli quali saranno date tale
Stantie possi tagliar, ne sminuir quelle de legnami sotto
pena de L. 25 : — qual pena sia divisa per terzo, uno
al Comun nostro, uno a lo accusador, et uno terzo al
al Rettor, che farà tale execution, et si per caso tale
romagnasse senza Animali restando vacua, non possi
6
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alienar, no dar ad alcnno tal Stantie ma tornino ad
pristino in Comun.
Volemo, et affermemo, che' 1 non si possi fabri-
car, ne far niuna Stantia d'Animali, che non siano al-
manco passa cento a lontan dell'altra.
Similiter ordenemo, che nel dar de tal stantie de
Animali non se possi dar più di cento passa per quarro
et così si habbia a servar.
CAPO XLV.
Degli danni fatti in gli Animali.
Ad memoria oltre di ciò di qualunque, per que-
sta scrittura nostra presente ordenemo, che se danno
alcuno sarà dato ad alcun Animai, overo accadarà in
tibia, in carro, o altro exercitio di morte, overo altra
lesion di membro et che dato al patron sia, o patrona
di questo animale morto, o deguastato statim come il
sopra de ditto danno venir debba, et comparir da M.r
lo Podestà, et notificar il ditto danno, et allora de li-
centia mandar gli extimatori de Comun a veder ditto
animale, et per qual causa è morto, o altrimenti de-
guastato, et comprendendo per qual causa quello exti-
marà bona fide, et la extima denontiar alla Cancellarla,
dichiarando, che si alcuno sua propria autoritate s'in-
trometterà in ditto Animai, non servando quanto di
sopra è dichiarito non sia al ditto in Rason.
CAPO XLVI.
De non alienar gli Beni de Comun.
Statuimo che de caetero farsi non si possi per
alcun modo, via, o color alcuna Vendita, Donation, Im-
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pegnation, over altra alienation de alcuni beni de Co-
mun de Rovigno senza volontà della maggior parte del
Conseglio more solito congregato, et si altrimenti fusse
fatta tal alienation per alcun modo siano, et esser deb-
bino di nissun valor, et che nissun ardisca per alcun
modo vender del Territorio de Comun ad alcuni così
terrieri come Forestieri sotto pena di L. XXV de pic-
coli al Comun aplicadi, et tal vendition sia de nessun
valor.
CAPO XLVJI.
De non accettar Vicini si non per anni V.
Ordenemo che de caetero nessun Forestier si possi
tuor vicini de Rovigno, si non con questa condition,
che quello debbia habitar personalmente in Rovigno
con le sue massaritie, et star a loco, et foco, et far
tutte le angario cosi dell' Iil.ma Sig.ra Nostra di Vene-
tia, come del Comun di Rovigno, et si come fanno
tutti gli altri Cittadini, et non si possino ricever per
men tempo d'anni cinque, essendo obligati dar una
buona piezzaria, et sufficiente delle cose sopraditte, et
se avanti detto tempo d'anni cinque se partirà caschi
alla pena de L. cinqu.ta de piccoli al Comun.
Ordenemo insuper, che'l Cancellier del Comun di
Rovigno non possi, nò vagli per alcun modo far la
partita della Vicinanza de chi venirà ad esser nostro
vicino et habitator de Rovigno, si il detto che, venirà
vicino non darà almeno piaggiaria sufficiente in la terra
de L. cento de piccioli, overo tanto negli suoi propri
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beni, et osservar quanto di sopra, et questo sempre
presente tatti tre gli Zudesi. et Sindico, sotto pena ad
esso Cancelier de lire cinquanta ne suoi beni, et pri-
vation perpetua dell' Officio di la nostra Cancella la
qual pena per terzo sia divisa al Comun, accusator, et
Rettor farà execution.
CAPO XLVffl.
Che nissun vicin si possi partirsi.
Volemo oltre di ciò, che nessun vicino si possi
partir con le sue massaritie di questa Terra, se prima
non farà far la Proclama con licentia dei Regimento
che '1 si parte acciò che dovendo haver qualche uno de
nostri, si possi far satisfare.
Ne alcuno de nostri Vicini ardisca quelli con le
sue massaritie in sua, overo d'altrui Barena condur
fuori di Rovigno, et de suo distretto, o in altro modo,
sotto pena de lire cinquanta, d'esser divise per terzo
ut supra.
CAPO XLIX.
De non metter famegli con Anemali.
Aflfermemo similiter che nissun Vicin nostro pos-
si, o vogli torre ne acettar nissun fameglio forestier
che haverà Animali senza licentia de M.r lo Podestà
et quelli che gli torrà, caschi alla pena di L. XXV et
quelli tal Vicini, appresso i quali saranno tali Animali
del Fameglio siano obligati pagar per tali Animali,
che tenissero soldi quatro per testa, delli menadi sol-
di dò.
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CAPO L,
De non affitar Terreni a Forastieri.
Deliberemo, che per nessun modo per gli nostri
Vicini si possi affitar terreni a forestieri senza licentia
espressa de M.r lo Podestà et Zudesi con altri Depu-
tati sotto pena de L. X in Comun.
Dichiarano etiam sopra gli terradeghi, che si hab-
bia a pagar degli Terreni de Comun de tre l'uno de
quello si semina, degli Terreni veramente di special
persone pagar si debba per mità di quello si semina-
rà, et cosi si habbi da osservar.
•
CAPO LI.
Confirmatio Capitulorum in materia
damnorum per ammalia datorum.
Nicolaus de Ponte dei Gratta Dux Venetiarum eie.
Nob. et Sap. viris Angustino Zane de suo man-
dato Potestati Rubini, et successoribus suis fidel. Sab.
et dilectionis affectum. -
E venuto alla Sig.ra Nostra il Spete Michielin di
Vescovi Ambassiator di quella fidelissima Comunità
nostra, et si ha suplicati a confirmarsi gì' infrascritti
Capitoli li quali da noi conosciuti, et parimente la ri-
sposta nostra fatta sopra di essi, havemo confirmati,
come stano, e giaciono, et vi commettemo con l'Au-
torità del Senato, che debbiate osservargli^, et far-
glisi osservare da cadauno; facendoli pubblicar nei
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luoghi soliti, et registrar in quella Cancell.a a memoria
delli nostri successori, et restituir al presentante.
-
Tenor Capitulorum etc. sequilur ut infra.
Noi Zuane Sponza q.m Nicolò, Francesco Sponza
q.m Antonio, Justo Sponza de Zua.e Gabriel Sponza,
Franco di Lionardi, et Nicolò di Vescovi q.m Dom.co
elletti dal Conseglio de Cittadini, e Paulo Pavan, Dom.co
q.m Grigor Verzo, Nicolò Malusà q.m Dom.co Luca
dalla Brazza, Mattio Pelicer, Zuane Barberato, etTom-
masin Malusà elletti dal Conseglio generale di questo
luoco di Rovigno, per alterar e rifformar le pene in
materia di danni, che dalli Animali vengono fatti ogni
giorno nelle possession a total rovina delli poveri vi-
cini, et habitanti di detto luoco, onde havendo sopra
di ciò matura et diligente consideration :
Statuimo, che nell'avvenire li Animali Bovini, Va-
chini, et Cavalini, li quali saranno ritrovati in danno
nelle finide, o di fuori, così de giorno, come de notte,
pagar debbino per ogni volta soldi XII per testa, et in
erba, seragli, o prati soldi sei, li quali dinari siano
divisi in tre parte, una delle quali sia del nostro Co-
mun, l'altra dello accusador, et la terza del patron del
danno»
Li animali Caprini in danno soldi otto, et in erba
soldi quatro*
Li animali pegorini in danno soldi quatro et in
erba soldi doi da esser come sopra divisi.
Item, che li Animali Vacchini e Caprini nonpos-
sino in tempo alcuno venir nelle Finide sotto pena di
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soldi otto per testa, <T esser divisi le mità ad esso
nostro Comun, l' altra mità all' accusador. Dichiarando
che li patroni dell! delti Animali Vacchini in tempo de
bisogno secondo l'antiquo Costume, possino con licen-
tia del Clarissimo Podestà, venir alla Finida granda con
quelli Animali, che saranno magri, et in pericolo di
morte, ma che prima siano veduti dalli Cathaveri di
Comun con la presentia del Sindico o de un Giudice.
Li Animali Cavai ini non possino altrimente venir
nelle pred.e Finide in alcun tempo, in pena di soldi
sei per testa; che siano come di sopra per mità divi-
si, volendo però, che cadaun Vicin possa tenir doi Ca-
valli per uso suo, et con quelli de ogni tempo venir
nelle medesime Finide.
Li Animali Pegorini in pena de soldi dò per
testa.
Datutn in nostro Ducali Palatio die V. Decembrit, Inde
nona M. D. LXXX.
LIBRO SECONDO.
CAPO L
Degli Giuditii Civili
S tatù imo, et c oman demo, che se alcuno Cittadino,
ovvero habitator in Rovigno a domanda di ciascuno
debbi esser citato personalmente per V officiai un gior-
no avanti il dì deputado al placito, et ragion, et avanti
che soni la Campana del placito, overo a casa del-
l' habitatione, dummodo el si attrovi alThora in el ter-
ritorio di Rovigno, altramente non, quale Citlazioni
fatte ut supra per ditto Officiai, servato l'ordine pre-
ditto, volemo che siano firme, et valide, et infringer
non si possino, et scritte per il Cancell. di M.r lo
Podestà.
capo n.
In che giorno si dovrà lenir Rason.
Ordenemo insuper, che gli giorni deputadi a tenir
razon presso Mess. lo Podestà siano giusta il costune an-
tiquo al Mercore, et il Sabato di mattina dapoi sonata la
Campana tre volte volendo, che per il comendador sia
con alta voce preconia chiamato a giuditio le persone
citade a responder a colloro gli haranno fatti citar, gli
quali citadi non comparendo per sè, o per legittimo
Procurator a risponder a ragion, cosi l'Attore, come
il Reo caschino in contumatia di soldi otto per ciascuna
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volta, dovendose cittar per tre volte, qual pena, et
contumatia sia de Mess. lo Podestà
capo m.
Di quelli non comparirà in Giuditte.
Volemo etiam, che fatte che saranno tre citation
successive, et che il Reo non comparisca in Giuditio
per contumacia sia hauto, et per confesso il debito; ita
che sia omnino sententiato a capo di tre citation giu-
sta la domanda dell' attor per giuramento tamen da es-
ser li dato per il Canee di Mess. lo Podestà, che
tanto vai, quanto per lui in giuditio viene doman-
dato.
CAPO IV.
Di quelli togliono Termine.
Quelli veramente che saranno citadi a Ragion, et
che toranno termine non importando gran summa, et
che in termine non comparirà a satisfar al ditto ter-
mine, volemo che siano sententiati per giuramento ta-
men del Creditor.
Et se F importerà gran summa, et che de Rason
non possi sententiarsi essendo accusata la sua contu-
matia, babbi quello a pagar soldi otto, in termine non
comparendo, et poi fate sussequentemente le citation,
sia dappoi, come di sopra, dichiarito sententiato.
Terminemo che ciascuno, per sua comodità, ogni
volta, che sarà citado in Giuditio, possi torri spatio per
otto giorni da soldi cento in suso, et da soldi cento in
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giuso, possi esser sententiato in termine come avanti
è ditto, non intravignindo termine probatorio.
Deliberemo similiter, cbe ultra il spatio preditto
non si possi torre altro termine che da Avvocato non
intravignindo prove, o altra giusta occasion.
CAPO V.
Delle Question de beni immobili.
Sancimo, et ordenemo, che s' il sarà differentia di
cose immobili de maggior valuta de L. X et lo Attor
dar debbia la sua domanda in scrittura, in le qual do-
manda, overo Libello debba domandar, et dichiarir il
luoco della possession, et cosa dimandata con li suoi
confini, acciochè per il Reggimento sia cognosciuto de
qual possession, et terra si tratti, et agiti.
Alla risposta della qual domanda habbi termine il
Reo di giorni otto a risponder similmente in scrittura
di negar, o confessar espressam.te ita che la litte al-
hora possi contestar sopra la cosa preditta.
Dappoi la qual domanda, risposte, et replication et
exception fatte per la parte se' l'accaderà, sia statuito
termine all' attor prima se vorrà provar tutto quella co-
sa de ragion parerà a Mess. lo Podestà in termine de
giorni otto, et non possando, o vogiando provar l'At-
tor, sia?aH*hora comessa la prova al Reo.
CAPO VI.
Della proration delle Cause.
Terminemo etiara che sia tenuta la parte, la qual
vorrà provar, statim far gli suoi Capitali, et intention
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de probation, et nominar gli testiraonij con gli quali
volle, overo intende provar, et gli Instrumenti soi pro-
dur possino, et altre sue rason avanti la publication
della sententia, et altri testimonij, che a quelli semel
nominati, dappoi siano induti, ne riceputi, et subito
faccia scriuer ordinariamente, overo daga in scrittura,
et più termine non habbia sopra ditta probation, nel
nel qual termine gli testimonij debbino deponer il detto
suo, overo al manco giurar de dir la verità, salvo se
alcuno de ditti testimonij non fusse in Rovigno, et de-
stretto che allora sia prolungado il termine fino alla ve-
nuta di quel suo testimonio.
Ordenemo similiter, che sopra tal lite de cose imo-
bili a gita de et processo alle examination de testimor.ij,
gli abbia ad intravenir uno de Giudici de Mess. lo Po-
destà per più coroboration de tal testimonianza, aliter
tale testimonianza sia di nessun valor non servando
questo ordine.
Et examinati li testimonij siano pubblicati, et tutte
le rason delle probation, et allora, sia statuido termine
alla parte domandante de giorni otto ad opponer, overo
allegar qualche altra sua rason, nel qual termine, se la
parte vorrà replicar, overo dir con le opposition, itero
habbi termine al primo giorno susseguente de Rason,
et più termine non habbino le parti, ma sia concluso
in causa, et sia processo alla sententia, et pubblication
di essa infra otto giorni, et così sia da mò avanti os-
servato.
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CAPO VII.
De la provation de beni mobili.
Sopra le diferentie, et litte veramente de cose
mobile terminemo similiter, che vogliando provar lo
Attor gli sia dato termine habile a provar delle sue
rason, et al Reo dar le sue interogatorie da esser fatte
alli testimonij da esser examinati.
CAPO VIIL
Delle opposition dei Testimonij.
Item per solevar ogni materia, malitia, et falsità
de persone congionte, sia etiam per labele memoria
degli huomini, ordenemo, che non siano tolti testimonij,
ne si creto de soldi XL.ta in suso sopra alcuno debito
inlravegnindo consanguinità V. G. Padre, Figliolo, Ma-
dre, Fratelli, Germani, et fino al secondo grado, alli
quali si possa opponer.
Sopra le quali etiam esamination de testimonij,
acciò per la parte che ne sente incomodo et interesse,
patendo opposition alcuna la persona examinata, siano
fatte le debite interogation super Generalibus si per san-
guinità, amicitia, inimicitia et odio, per preghiere, ov-
vero per pretio alcun, à deposto etc.
Similiter che nissuno testimonio possi esser ad-
messo, ne tolto in giuditio sopra morti, ne creto pas-
sando Fanno, et sia così osservato come anticamente.
Affermemo etiam, che dove pubblica voce, et fama
sarà, non sia necessario provar per testimonij in quelli
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casi riguardando tamen alla sorte, et condition, sì
della cosa aggitala, come le persone deponessero in
questo.
Item che nissuno habbi placitar de alcuna cosa,
et diferentia, che già sia stata difinita.
Volemo etiam, che nissuna absolution fatta in Giu-
ditio possi provarsi per Officiai, overo altra persona et
testimoni]', ma solum per publica scrittura in Giuditio
fatta, ne così etiam altri atti giuditiarij.
Capitolo delle Vedove.
Ordenemo che nessuna vedova de Rovigno, possi
esser convenuta, ne accettada in Giuditio a ragion da
alcuno infra due mesi doppo la morte del marito suo.
Licito tamen sia alli Creditori a loro cautella con l'au-
torità del Regimento far scriver in quello mezo dei
suoi beni, acciochè in tal tempo non si distribuisca, o
altramente si dispensino.
CAPO IX.
De non accettar procure dei Forestieri.
Terminemo insuper, che nissuno da Rovigno overo
habitator, possi, ne vogli torre, ne rezever alcuna Com-
mission, overo Procura d' alcuno forestir contro alcuno
di nostri Cittadini, et habitatori in Rovigno senza spe-
tial licentia, et autorità del Regimento di Rovigno, sot-
to pena di L. cinque de piccioli, e niente di meno; la
Procura sia nulla.
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CAPO X.
De non comprar alcun debito de Forestieri*
Item statiamo, che nissimo di Rovigno, et habi-
tante possi, ne vogli comprar alcuna cession de debito
da Forestieri contro alcuno de nostri habitanti in Ro-
vigno sotto pena de L. dieci et niente di manco; tale
compreda, et cession sia nulla ; salvo sia licito a ca-
daun torre cession con titolo di donation pura, et libe-
ra, giurando corporal giuramento davanti Mess. lo Po-
destà, che sia tal donation libera, et che niente habbi
dato, overo sia per dar per questa occasion.
CAPO XI.
Summaria ragion per mercede.
Dichiarimo etiam, che summaria ragion et parata
sia fatta a coloro dieno haver per mercede, dovendo
esborsar in prima instantia, avanti che dimandino in
Comun soldi tre, da esser posti appresso il Giudice più
vecchio, degli quali habbi da tanir bon conto esso Giu-
dice, overo altri, che si trovassino Giudici presenti
insieme con gli altri danari si pagano de Berlina de
Animali condotti a quella.
CAPO XII.
De rottone fienda de Forensibus.
Statuimo, che se qualche uno Cittadino, overo ha-
bitator in Rovigno sarà tegnudo a dar qualche cosa ad
alcuno forestiero ; volemo che a quello sia fatta som-
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maria rason si della sentenzia, come della esecution di
essa, non obstante gli ordini anteditti ; et così de con-
verso sia fatta agli nostri Paesani verso loro de fora-
stieri tal ragione summaria, come loro hanno contra
gli nostri.
capo xm.
Fra Prete e Laico.
Ordenemo per ogni conveniente rispetto, che ag-
gitandosi litiggio fra Prete et Laico, che a essi Preti
sia parimenti fata ragion summaria, dagando tamen essi
Preti Pieggiaria mondana de tutto quello potesse esser
convenuto in Giuditio per la persona laica.
CAPO XIV.
Belli debitori non stanno de continuo in
Rovigno.
Ordenemo se qualcuno, el qual non sia de con-
tinuo habitator in Rovigno si obbligarà ad alcuno degli
nostri Cittadini, overo habitatori in questa terra, a dar*
et pagar qualche cosa, et non pagarà, e satisfarà al
termine trà loro stabilito, che allora il detto Creditor
di Rovigno possi, non trovando altri beni del suo de-
bitor, far quello retignir dal Regimento de Rovigno, et
non sia permesso, che V eschi de prèson, se prima non
haurà con integrità satisfatto il suo creditor, overo data
sufficiente piegiaria in Rovigno.
Dichiarimo che s' el sarà qualche debitor, et per-
sona forastiera, et vagabonda, che non si sappia della
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sua ferma stantia, che sia debitor ad alcuno de nostri,
volemo, che 'I sia citado per stridor, proclamado nelli
lochi soliti con termine di giorni XV overo come pa-
rerà a Mess. lo Podestà, et non comparendo sia sen-
tentiato per giuramento tamen del Creditor.
CAPO XV.
Delle execution delle sententie.
Volemo etiam, che tutte et ciaschedune sententie,
le quale per il Regimento faranno da qui in driedo
pubblicate in Rovigno, nelle qual si contegna quantità
de denari, quelli, gli quali saranno sententiati, habbino
termine di giorni otto, nel qual termine minime possi
esser astretto in extraer la sententia fatta per giuditid
confesso debitor. Delle sententie voluntarie veramente
fatte star debino in corte giorni 15 continui, nel qual
termine parimente non si possino gli debitori esser a-
stretti, resservando tamen a questo gli forestieri, et
mercenarij, et quelli dieno haver fitti de casa, alli quali
sia fatta summaria ragion, et parata com' è avanti
ditto.
CAPO XVI.
Che cosa douranno sicurar li debitori.
Terminemo che l'Ordine, et termine sopraditto e
stabilito per modo alcuno overo ingegno, il Regimento
non possi haver libertà de dilatar, et differir anzi so-
lecito sia, et attento far sattisfar il Creditor, et mandar
ad execution questa buona, et nuova legge, che siano
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satisfati in questo modo: Che quando alcuno debitor
sarà pignorato per qualche sententia, et liquido credito,
sia obbligato, et possi torgli per pegno de beni soi
mobili, et non essendo mobili, et giurando non haver
mobili siagli tolto de beni stabili, di quelli si troverà
haver, et che consegnarà, et in caso non havesse ne
mobili ne stabili, possi ritenirsi, et esser incarcerado
tal debitor, sino a tanto che harà contentado il credi-
tor. Dichiarando tamen che de Beni mobili non si
possi ad alcuno debitor torre il letto, con le sue cir-
cunstantie, et similmente se intende dell'arme da dif-
fondersi d'ogni sorte.
capo xvn.
DeUa vendition delli Beni mobili.
Deliberemo, che gli Beni mobili ad istantia del
Creditor siano venduti al pubblico Incanto, et delibe-
rati al più offerente, douendo star giorni otto all' OfGtio
dappoi consignadi habbi il debitor altri otto giorni di
termine a scuoder tal pegno mobile.
CAPO XVIII.
Vendition degli Beni stabili.
De' Beni stabili veramente volemo, che al luoco
solito della Loggia sia fatte le proclame per dui giorni
de Domenega fra terza, et Vespero,, et alla terza Do-
meniga subseguente deliberar gli beni stabili a quello,
che più offerirà con termine di giorni XV a recuperar.
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Dichiarando tamen, che sia fatta avanti la deliberation
all' incanto la extimation cT essi beni, stabili per gli
Cathavieri nostri de Comun, siccome la conscientia gii
dittare,, possendosi deliberar per il quarto manco.
CAPO XIX.
Di metter al possesso dei Beni stabili.
Se veramente le sententie, et terminazione fatte
pubblicade saranno de beni stabili, così dentro, come
di fora in fin, de uno mese al più dappoi la pubblica-
tion de quelle ad ogni requisition del Creditor, Mess.
lo Podestà debbi a quello far dar, et metler in posse-
sion corporei, ita et taliter, che possi goder, et usu-
fruttuar tutto quello, che a sè te rason sarà cogno-
sciuto espetar quietamente, et pacificamente senza mo-
lestia di alcuna persona.
CAPO XX.
. Di quelli hanno Pegni.
Statuimo, et ordenemo, che sopra ciascun pegno
dato, et impegnado appresso uno altro sia data, et pre-
stata fede al Creditor che bavera il pegno, giurando
per sacramento tamen, per quanto gli sta detto pegno,
excettuado tamen gli tavernieri, agli quali sia fatto ra-
son, et certo sopra pegni dati fino a soldi X e non più-
Et si il ditto Creditor volesse vender il pegno, et
faccia a saper al debitor, che scuoda il pegno in fra
giorni otto, qual si dice il cognito d'esser fatto per
r Officiai, facendolo notar alla Cancellarla, et si il ditto
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pegno non sarà scosso infrà il ditto termine di giorni otto,
el Creditor possi alhora far vender il pegno nel giorno
de Domenica, havendo termine il debitor di scuoderlo
de altri giorni otto.
Item dichiarimo, che se qualche uno havesse, et
si trovasse appresso de se haver alcuna cosa mobile
per vendition, overo altra rationabil causa, et giusta,
et che per suo Sacramento afferma così esser v. g.
che giustamente la tegna, non sia tolta; Volemo ad
esso per occasion de alcuno debito, overo obbligation
nisi si per aventura quella tal cosa, o robba fosseno
rubate, overo specialmente obbligate per Instrumento
scritto de man d'altri in la qual scrittura appara spe-
ttai menzione della cosa obligata, et alhora sia preferito
questo tale, etiam dichiarando che se il se attrouasse
per la fameglia di qualche uno, che senza voluntà del
patron havesse per mal modo date, o pignorate tal co3e,
et translatate, ouero se quelle robbe fosseno altrimente
perse, in questi casi sia cognosciuto per Mess. lo Podestà.
CAPO XXI.
Della expiration de debitori passati anni X
de nissun valor.
Ordenemo, et deliberemo, che ogni volta, che 1'
occorerà, che per qualche uno de nostri, et altri sia
chi esser si voglia appresentarà, et presentando do-
mandare per senteritia scrittura pubblica, et privata de
debito di ciascuna sorte centra alcuno, che passi anni
X dal giorno dell' expiration del termine de esso de-
bito contenuto in ditta scrittura, Sententia, ovvero In-
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strumento di qualunque sorte, et che in ditto termine
non harà cercato asolution di tali suoi crediti davvanti
il Regimento, overo che non fusse consignato pegno,
sive protestar in giuditio, ma stando tacito, et quieto,
siano, et esser si intendano prescritte tal sententie, In-
strumenti et Scritti, et de nissuno valor, ne in ragion
siano aldite, et esser s' intendano privi de Giuditio non
intendendo ne sottozasendo a quest' ordene Giesie, Co-
mun, et Pupilli, quali in ogni tempo siano in ragion alditi.
capo xxn.
Delti Legati.
Item statuimo ancora, che nissun legato, et ultima
voluntà, contegnuda, non possi esser domandato per al-
cuno passadi anni X dapoi morto il testator, delle Gie-
sie veramente si possi domandar sino anni XXX.ta
CAPO XXIII.
Del termine degli Pegni.
Volemo etiam che ogni dessignation de pegno, et
protestation in scriptis fatto vagli et tegni per anni X
tantum, come principal Instrumento, et de li indietro,
siccome avanti è dichiarito.
CAPO XXIV.
Che il Debito si possi provar fino
a Lire XX.ti.
Deliberemo che si alcuno sì Terriero, come Fore-
stiero in Rovigno farà alcun debito, promission overo
obbligation da Lire XX.ti in zoso con qual si voglia,
si vicino, come Forassero, possando provar tal debito,
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promissione ovvero obbligation per testimonij fide de-
gni, che allora tal debito possi esser prouato, et sen-
tentiato in quella quantità de danari e da L. XXti in
suso tal debito obbligatone, overo promissione, non si
possi provar, ne sententiar se non per carie pubbliche
per mano de pubblico Nodaro fatte, scritte et ro-
borate.
CAPO XXV.
Che più creditori siano pagati dei Beni delti
debitori.
Statuimo, che ogni volta che l' accederà, che uno
debitor sia astretto da più creditori et che vorranno
venir al pagamento prima et ante omnia siano pagati,
et anteposti gli Datij, et affitti di casa, Livelli, et da-
sion si di Chiesa, come altri, et dopoi sinno pagati gli
altri Creditori e quale portione, ita che le prime sen-
tentie siano prima pagate, et soddisfatte et altra di ciò
terminemo, che ogni volta che sarà retenuto, et incar-
cerato un debitor ad instantia di un altro suo creditor
non sia permesso, che quel tale incarcerato, et rete-
nuto possi esser sequestrato in prigione, salvo per
quello, che una volta sarà stato posto, et ritenuto.
CAPO XXVI.
Che non si possi far sequestrar.
• a
Similiter volemo, che nissun Vicino, et habitante
in Rovigno possi, ne vagli far sequestrar et intromet-
ter de Beni de un altro Vicino, ma debbi quello prima
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far pegnorar perii Cancel.e sicomeèil solito da far, et
non trovandosi beni allora con licentia de Mess. lo Po-
destà possi proceder per via di sequestration, siccome
è conveniente.
CAPO XXVII.
Degli accordi degli Famegli.
Statuimo, et così habbiasi a servar, che ogni volta
che uno Fameglio si accordarà a star a salario con
qualche patron, overo patrona in Rovigno specificando
et deputando fra loro il tempo, et afFermation, che ha
da star ditto Fameglio, et partendosi avanti il tempo
terminato, perder debba tutto il suo salario, che fino a
quel giorno havesse guadagnato; tutta via non havcndo
causa legittima da dispartirsi, havendo mala compagnia
dal patron, overo patrona, in quel caso sia sovenuto
per ragion di haver quello, che fino allora avesse gua-
dagnato, et de converso non possi nessun patron overo
patrona dar la repulsa ad essi Famegli una volta ac-
cordati per fino al tempo dell' accordo senza causa
legittima, et giustificata, altrimente facendo siano obli—
gati, et astretti pagar de tutto il tempo. Ne possi
alcuno fameglio accordarsi con altre persone a star, fino
a tanto haurà compido il tempo, affirmato con il suo
primo patron.
CAPO XXVIII.
Del modo di far citar gli Famegli.
Item tutti coloro voranno, convegnir in Giuditio
alcun fameglio, siano obligati et debbano per dui giorni
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almanco avanti el d) de Rason fargli citar, et avvi-
sargli di tal citation, overo per comodità del patron et
fameglio citar el patron a condur il fameglio a rason,
et così habbi a servarsi.
CAPO XXIX.
Degli Compromessi.
Per oviar alla mortai litte, cbe sogliono intrave-
gnir tra parenti, et congionti in consanguinità, massi-
mamente fra padre, figlioli, overo madre, Fratello con
fratello, Sorelle, Germani, Cugini fino al secondo grado,
ordenemo, et terminemo specialmente, che ogni volta
alla presentia di Mess. lo Podestà, venirà tal differentia,
per ogni ben, et conveniente rispetto, secondo V ordine,
et consuetudine antica, et anco importando la differen-
tia fra predetti di più de soldi XX.ti omnino si habbino
a comprometter in dui Giudici ' Arbitri, per sciascuna
delle parti uno, et non trovando loro, che allora per
Mess. lo Podestà gli siano dati dui Giudici a giudicar,
e difinir ogni diferentia tra essi parenti vertente, et in
caso che essi doi Giudici non si potessero accordar
in giudicare, alhora sia dato il terzo Giudice etiara per
Messer lo Podestà alla parte non sospetto. Et pronon-
tiata, che harano la Sententia sua debbino giurar da-
vanti Mess* lo Podestà de non aver preso error, ma
fatto solum per quello la sua conscientia gli ha ditato.
Et allora per Mess. lo Podestà sia interposta la sua au-
torità, et Giuditial al Decreto, et questo istesso ordine
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habbi a servarsi in altre sententie fatte per viger de
Compromessi fatti frà altre persone voluntarie fatte.
■
CAPO XXX.
Delle Appellationi.
Statuimo, che se alcuna persona, la qual da qui
inanti sarà sententiata, et contro essa pronuntiata sen-
tentia, lermination et deliberation alcuna per il Regi-
mento di questo luoco, della qual quella persona se
vorrà agravar, et apellar, cosi de beni mobili, come de
beni stabili, a tutti sia licito, come sin qui è stato,
appellarsi, niente de manco facendo la sua appeilation
in termine di giorni XV., et per il Regimento proceder
non si possa in ditto termine.
Volemo, che ciascuno el qual si appellerà de
qualche sententia, et terminazion, ut supra fatta per il
Regimento così de beni mobili come stabeli a modo
supra ditto habbiano termine da prosseguir la sua ap-
peilation, et far che habbino il debito fine fino a uno
anno prossimo dappoi che la Sententia, o termination
sarà pubblicada per il Regimento; ultra lo qual termine
tutte le appeilation siano diserte, casse, et de nissun
ualor, salvo tamen, che Poccoresse, che per grande
occupation del Dominio, overo della Corte delli Sig.ri
Auditori, o altro giusto impedimento, che quella tal
appellazion non potessero aver il debito fine, in allora
sia in arbitrio de Mess. lo Podestà che sarà al Regi-
mento di prorogar il termine.
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CAPO XXXI.
Delle Cappare.
Volemo, che sciascun Mercato, che si farà in Ro-
vigno e suo destretto, et che si darà qualche moneta
per caparra, overo la mano a fede, sia fermo, et va-
lido tal mercato; se veramente non sarà datacappara,
et la mano a fede, non vaglia il fatto mercato com'è
di douer.
Ordenemo etiam, che se il mercato sarà fermo,
come di sopra è ditto, possi allora provarsi il mercato
infrà il spatio di mesi tre, et si non sarà pagato de
la avanti non possi provarsi per testimonj, se il debitor
giurarà haver pagato, et si non vorrà giurar sia con-
danato a pagar.
«
capo xxxn.
Degli sociali e soceda.
»
Comandemo, che ogni social sia tenuda al Patron
suo andar lealmente, et non cometter ingano, ne fraude
alcuna ad esso Pat.e, della soceda transfugar, ne per
altro mode, ne in suo uso convertir, ne dispensar al-
cuno animale uno, o più de tal soceda senza licentia
del Padron, ma ogni anno la sua parte dell'Usufruito
senza fraude consegnar debbia, et così in fino al ter-
mine della soceda, loro debbino consignar la conve-
niente parte al Pad.n sotto pena al ditto socedal de
perder la parte gli aspetasse di tal soceda, la qual
pervegni al Patron delia soceda, remanendo tamen
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sempre allo arbitrio del Rettor, justa la qualità della
fraude, et inganno commesso.
CAPO XXXIII.
Delle comprede de" Animali socedati.
Deliberemo che tutte le comprede che de caetero
si faranno de animali insocedati siano de nessun valor,
comprando quelli senza voluntà, et licentia del Patron
della soceda, et questo accio li socedali habbino ca-
gione di far il debito suo verso gli Patroni, et princi-
pali in essa soceda.
CAPO XXXIV.
De chi folle animali in soceda*
Commettemo, et volemo olire di ciò, che ciascuno,
che vorrà torre Anemali in socida si grossi come
minudi, dentro, o fuori del Territorio, non possi torgli
expressa licentia di M. lo Podestà, ed altrimente facendo,
si a tempo di guerra, come di pace caschi alla pena
di L. XXV, d'esser divise come auanti per terzo, et
tolendo tali animali di fuora con licentia, tutta via dar
debbino quelli tali idonea pieggiaria de L. XXV. et de
compir tal socida, et così si babbi a osservar.
CAPO XXXV.
Del tempo delle socede.
Deliberemo etiam, che tutte le socede si faranno
in Rovigno, debbino farsi, et intendersi per anni cinque
continui de Animali menudi, quali Animali, et frutti de
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quelli nassiuti si habbia a spartir per mittade una al
Padron et V altra al socedal predetto al fin del termine
della frua, veramente si trazerà de detti Animali la
latte, formazo, et lane, et similia per terzo V. G. non
intravegnando altri patti et convention tra esso Patron
et socedal.
Item ogni volta che P accaderà, che '1 Pad.n venda
de detti Animali, el socedal aver debba della sua parte
espettante.
CAPO XXXVI.
Soceda de animali grossi.
Delle socede de animali grossi similiter habbino a
durar per anni 5, al termine si habbi a spartir tali
Animali, et frutti de quelli nassiuti per terzo, WG. le
due parti al Patron de Anemali, et la terza al socedal.
Volemo, che non possi detto Pad.n de Anemali torre
da ditto socedal gli detti Anemali dati una volta in so-
ceda fino il termine d'anni cinque compiti, salvo per
giusta, et approbata occasion, che V havesse eomesso
ditto socedal qualche fraude, quale siano prima cogno-
sciute in Giuditio.
capo xxxvn.
Degli Anemali che mancano*
Terminerao, che quando mancarà qualche Anemal
grosso in ditta soceda, et custodia, et che il ditto so-
cedal sia tenuto, et obbligato mostrare vera stradura,
et segno, che evidentemente si possi cognoscer, et
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comprender, che 'I sia morto da Loui, o altrimente al
Patron de' Anemali preditti.
Degli Anemali veramente raenudi, ogni volta che
mancaranno, et moriranno Volerao sia portate le pelle
de quelli al Pad.n et notificargli del mancar de taliA-
nemali.
■ * •
capo xxxvm.
De anemali rubati*
Dichiarando sopra di ciò, che se l'accadesse de
ditti anemali fossero tolti per qualche fusto armato ojjj^-
altramente rohbati, et per forza extratti, sia creduto!
per giuramento del socedal in tal caso.
capo xxxix. ni
Degli fitti di Casa. m!
Statuimo, et ordenemo, che alcun starà in Ca
de uno altro a fitto, sia della Terra de Ro vigno,
Forestier, se intenda per uno anno, se special patto ;
non sarà tra il Condutlor et Locator de più, o manim '
tempo specificato.
CAPO XL.
Modo di pagar il fitto.
Sia tenuto il Conduttor subito quando intra in casi
pagar la mità del fitta et in fin dell'anno, et terminò!
pagar l'altra mitade, et si non pagarà el Patron possi 3
far pignorar de tutto ii fitto, et le cose di casa siano
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sempre per pegno, possendosi vender senza dilationdi
tempo.
CAPO XLI.
Il tempo de star in Casa.
Se il Patron veramente della Casa non volesse
che lo affitual più stesse in la Casa sua, gli debbi pre-
dir, et avisar un mese avanti il termine, et de converso
il conduttor non vorrà star in quella casa oltra il ter-
mine dell'anno debba dir, et avvisar el patron uno
mese avanti, et se il non vorrà usir si osservarà que-
sto ordine, si intevdi esser per lo seguente anno lo
affitto preditto, et allora paghi l'intrada dell'anno se-
guente.
Et si la casa si haurà per refudala il conduttor pa-
ni l'affitto avanti che il porti le robbe, et cose sue
e ditta casa, sotto pena ad arbitrio del Regimento ; et
$i al termine non expeoirà la casa, dato che l' babbi
fudata, overo che starà qualche giorno oltra il ter-
ine, habbi la casa per tutto l'anno, che vignarà, et
^§aghi ut supra l'intrada se '1 patron vorrà, ma se non
rrà farà il ditto Conduttor astrenzer che V esca, et
xpedisca la casa, et paghi l'affitto di giorni, gli quali
1 sarà stato, oltra il termine et niune ferie impediscano
A«Cr^al execution.
f ...
CAPO XLIL
// tempo di pagar l' affitto.
Similiter che el Patron domandi el pagai
del
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suo fitto, et si faccia pagar infra un anno, dappoi che
il conduttor sarà insido de Casa, et passato V anno, lo
affitto predetto domandar non si possi, non essendo
scrittura fra loro fatta.
CAPO XLM.
Chi sono obligato al fitto.
Volemo etiam che gli fitti di casa siano tenuti pa-
gar tutti dò, cosi marito come moglie, così in vita,
come doppo, et preceda questo debito a lutti gli altri
debiti, et sij equiparado cou debiti de Livelli, e niune
ferie impediscano alla essecution di ditti affitti.
CAPO XLIV.
Se il Patron vorrà la Casa.
Item se il Patron della Casa vorrà la essa Casa
per suo uso, possi, e vagli la casa sua haver, et torre
da coloro stessero in quella, intendando, che babbi a
star esso patron firmo in ditta casa almeno uno anno.
Item se il Patron .della ditta Casa sua quella ven-
derà, fossi etiam in tal caso cacciar Taffittuale di la
sua Casa proditta, et cosi de estero osservarassi.
CAPO XLV.
Per reparar la Casa.
Item se esso Patron volesse reparar la ditta Casa,
ita che il conduttor non potesse habilmente habitar,
possi similiter cacciar de casa ditto Conduttor pagando
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in quel caso el fìtto per ratta del tempo fosse stato in
ditta casa.
CAPO XLVI.
De Livelli.
Statuimo, et ordenemo, che se qualche uno pos-
sedarà qualche possession, la qual uno altro dica es-
sergli tenuta di alcuna Dasion, livello, se il prouerà in
Rason quella essergli obbligata alla Dasion et Livello
demandato, sia astretto il detentor della possession, et
sia condennato pagar del passato tempo, secondo che
il prouarà del possesso da quello haurà tenuto, ma se
menor tempo haurà tenuto, non sia astretto pagar oltra
il tempo della possession dettenuta per esso, non pre-
giudicando al Sig. del Livello, qual possi haver regres-
so con gli passati possessori della ditta possession. De-
liberando etiam, che gli Livelli preditti non si possino
domandar di più d'anni X, eccetuando Chiesie, Comun,
et Pupilli.
CAPO XLVn.
Di quelli che possedono una possession
per anni X.
Oviando molti litiggi, et differentie, che più delle
volte suol occorrer in questa nostra terra, però vole-
mo, che ogni volta che uno goderà, o tignarà qualche
cosa, V. G. vigna, Terren, o altra possession per anni
X continui pacificamente presenti, et quindici fra ab-
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senti, quello possessor di ditto tempo, babbi da restar
pacifico, et quieto, ne possi esser stimolato da alcuno,
eccetuando gli soprascritti videlicet, Chiesie et Pupilli,
quali non sottozaseno a questo Ordine.
CAPO XLVm.
■ •
Delle Locatione.
m
Ordenemo, cbe quando sarà dato affitto de Casa,
e Terreni, Terradegbi, et altre cose locade, se ditta
location, et affìtti, Instrumenti per mano de Nodari, che
quello over quelli lustramenti sia creto, non mostran-
dosi cosa in contrario, et se non saranno Instrumenti^
et scritture, et cbe saranno dui, over tre testimoni]
legittimi, che non patissono opposition sia creto; se
etiam non saranno testimonij, sia data fede al patron,
ovvero patrona con Giuramento.
CAPOXLIX.
Che la moglie non metendo mano in Carta
non sia obbligata.
Dichiaremo, et ordenemo, che quando gli mariti
faranno alcuno debito per mal modo, v. g. Piegiarie,
Giochi, Tauerne, o per altra via cattiva, o mala vita,
la moglie non mettendo mano in carta non sia obbli-
gada a tal debiti; ma negli altri debiti honesti fatti in
beneficio de tutti doi loro Giurali, et fameglia. quella
moglie etiam non mettendo mano ,in carta in simili
debiti, sia obbligata insieme con il marito, et tutti li
li suoi beni
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CAPO L.
Delle Ferie in Honorem Del
Comandemo, et da esser osseniato statiamo che
per riverentia dell'Onnipotente Iddio Signore, et Re-
dentor nostro Messer Gesù Christo, et Spirito Santo in
tre Persone una sola essentia, Maestà, et Divinità, siano
celebrate ogni anno le consuete Ferie. Prima, della
Natività del Nostro Signor Mess. Gesù Christo otto
giorni avanti, et otto dapoi, et similmente della San-
tissima Ressuretion sua, non dovendosi render rason
in tal giorni, e queste tal ferie fatte ad laudem Dei,
non si possino nullo modo renontiar.
CAPO LL
Ferie di & Giorgio e di 8. Eufemia.
Statiamo, et ordenemo, che nelle feste infrascritte
de questa Terra de suoi Santi Protettori, de Messer S.
Giorgio e Mad.a S.ta Euphemia siano Ferie giorni tre
avvanti, et tre dappoi, negli quali non si tenghi rason,
ma siano Feste franche secondo il consueto antico della
Terra.
CAPO Ln.
Ferie di 8. Michiel e 8. Vida.
Volemo etiam che per comodità delti Vicini, et
habitanti in questo loco, che da San Michiel fino al dì
d' Ogni-Santi siano, et esser s' intendano Ferie, et de
San Vido del mese di Zugno fino al mese d' Agosto,
io
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et così per l' avvenir habbi a osservarsi, ne possi nis-
suno esser citado in tal giorni a Rason durante ditte
Ferie*
CAPO LHI.
Degli Pupilli.
Ottima certamente, et giusta appresso Dio, et gli
Homeni cosa è che si aduertisca, et proveda agli po-
veri Orphani, et Pupilli, così maschi, come Femine;
per tanto statuendo ordenemo, che essi Pupilli man-
cando de padre, s'intendano esser in Età pupillar gli
Maschi fino a anni XIV, et le femine fino anni XIII
compiti, et nisi haranno, et saranno ditta Età, vo-
lemo habbino tutor, et non havendo sia provisto
per il Rettor, che alhora sarà in Rovigno. Li .
quali veramente Pupilli si maschi come Femine, te-
star, codicillar, vender, alienar, et obligar non si
possi ad alcuno existente in detta età pupillar, et
tutto quello fosse, avanti ditto tempo terminato, fatto
sia di nissun valor, et robore ; dumodo non sia con li-
centia de Mess. lo Podestà, et de dui attinenti d'essi
Pupilli, uno da parte de Padre, et l'altro da parte de
madre; etiam dichiarando, che li beni di detti pupilli
vender, ne alienar non si possino, nisi per bisogno, et
necessità di quelli prima con licentia di Mess. lo Podestà,
dovendo intravignir a tal vendition ditti Pupilli soi
Tuttori, vendendosi de beni manco dannosi, et tanti
che siano per la quantità della satisfation del debito,
ovvero altra necessità et non ultra, quelle Vendition
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così fatte, et osservato quanto di sopra è ditto, siano
Ferme, et valide, et non si possino infranger per alcun
modo.
Volemo etiam che finito il tempo della Tutoria
siano deputadi maggiori, et de legittima Etade, et come
Padri di Famiglia et sui juris habbino et possino far, et
contrattar pacificam.te ogni cosa, come Padri di Famiglia
ponno far, et vagli, e tegni niuna legge in Giuditio.
CAPO LIV.
Dell' Officio degli Tutori de Pupilli.
Siano tenuti, et obligati gli Tutori dativi infra un
mese dapoi giurata la tutella, et il tutor testamentario
in frà uno mese dapoi la morte del Testador far an-
notar in Scrittura per publico Inventario da esser scritto
secondo il consueto per il Cancellier de Mess. Io Po-
destà tutti gli Beni mobeli, et stabeli, ragioni et juris-
ditione degli detti Pupilli sotto pena de L. 5. da esser
divise ut ante» La qual pena pagata niente di manco
siano obligati a far detto Aventario, acciò gli poueri
Pupilli qua primum perveniranno in Età legittima possino
hauer il suo.
CAPO LV.
Del Fin deUa Tutoria.
Statuimo etiam, che tutti gli Tutori dativi, e te-
stamentarij, che de caetero saranno, debbano finita che
hauranno la Tutoria et Tutella, render bon conto dell' am-
ministration fatta per tali Pupilli ita che habbino a
consigliar gli beni in colmo, et che non siano peggio-
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rati, ma più presto megliorati; Dichiarando che se detti
Pupilli si attiveranno haver qualche Vigna, o altra
possession, che non si potesse sustenlar, et tenir in
colmo per detti tuttori, ritornando più presto in danno
che in utile ad essi pupilli, et in quel caso sia con-
cesso, et permesso alti predetti tutori lassiar andar
quella tal Vigna, et possession inutile in vedorno* Co-
gnosciute et viste prima, per persone deputade per il
Regimento così esser et in quel caso ditti Tutori las-
sando, come sopra è scritto, andar tal Vigna ne patiscano
alhora ne opposition, ne danno.
CAPO LVI.
Degli Heredi et Commissari}.
Terminemo, et ordenemo, che Therede, overo
heredi di sciascun defonto, overo Tutori et procuratori
debbino, et siano tenuti infra tre mesi doppoi la morte
del testator preditto dar, et consignare in mano degli
Commissarij, tanto che siano pagati tutti gli Legati fatti
per quello ad pias causas, et altri sotto pena di XII
piccioli per Libra, et questo tante volte, quante sarà
contrafatto et fatta la consientia a Mess. lo Podestà per
gli Commissarij over Legatarij predetti del testator, et
non servando quanto è sopra ditto, ditti tutori pagar
debbino del suo proprio*
CAPO LVII.
Delle execution de Legati.
Dichiaremo specialmente che gli Legati fatti per
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sciascun testadore, massime per V anima sua, volerao
omniiio. che in termine de uno anno al più siano fatti,
et mandati alla execution per chi spetta da esser fatti
sotto pena de Lire X, la mittà in Comun, e V altra a chi
farà la consientia et siano olirà di ciò tenuti ditti Com-
missarij testamentarij descriver, et satisfar di Beni del
Testador in qualunque luoco hauerà legato, et testato
infrà il tempo ordinato per esso teslador, et se tempo
non havrà specificado, siano pagati omnino infra uno
anno doppoi la morte d' esso testador sotto pena di
L. XXV da esser diuise ut ante a chi contrafarà a
questo ordine, intendendo, se essi Commissarij hauran-
no hauuto tanto dagli eredi, che possino satisfar tal
legati, aliter sia provisto per il Rettor, che allora sarà,
ita che omnino infra ditto tempo di sopra specificato
siano satisfatti ditti legati.
Ordenemo edam, che fatto il soprasc.to effetto
• ditti Commissarij siue tutori, che a questo intrauegni-
ranno de Pupilli de haver mandato ad execution ditti
legati ordinati per ditto testador, che sia alle scale del
Conseglio, et loco solito puhlice proclamato, che sii si
trova persona alcuna che haver dehba di ditta here-
dità debbino comparir infra giorni XV, se si attrouerà
in Istria, et giorni XXX a chi sarà fuora, de hauer li-
quidato davanti Mess. lo Podestà il suo credito, et
quello debbe haver de tal heredità, altramente pas-
sando ditto termine, et non comparendo, non siano
alditi in Giuditio, ne Rason.
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CAPO LVffl.
Delle Dimissorie da esser pagate per gli
Commissari).
Deliberemo, che tutti quelli, che remagniranno
Commissarij de alcun defonto, debbano, et siano tenuti
tutte le dimissorie si grande, come picciole le qual gli
ditti defonti hauranno ordinato, et comandato, esser
date alla Gesia de Mad.a S.ta Euphemia infra XXXta
dì doppoi la morte del defonto havergli satisfatto de
proprij beni degli defonti, sotto pena del doppio. Vo-
lemo tal Dimisorie de Beni proprij del ditto Commis-
sario, over Commissarij da esser pagati, et che gli
Sagrestani di essa Gesia siano tenuti le ditte Dimis-
sorie scuoder infra duo mesi doppoi la morte del de-
fonto, o defonta, sotto pena del doppio, da esser pagata
dagli Beni de ditti Sagrestani, della qual pena una
mitade sia della ditta Gesia, et l'altra del Comun di
Rovigno.
CAPO LIX.
Degli Testamenti.
Percnè ninna cosa è più certa che la morte, et
incerta Fhora di essa morte, per la quale cosa a di-
versi pericoii, che gli homeni incaute vanno hinc inde
fuori della propria habitation, et casa. Pertanto statuimo,
che se qualche Cittadino, over altro habitator in Ro-
vigno, gli occorerà esser fuori della sua terra, ove non
possi così facilmente ordinando gli fatti suoi, haver
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Nodari, et testimonij a sufficienza, possi in quel loco
ordinar, et far il suo testamento, et ultima volontà con
questo che poi se habbia a relevar con dui testimonj,
che fossero stati a tal ordination, volendo, che tal re-
levation de testamento se habbia a far infra uno anno,
et passato Tanno, e non rilevato, non vaglia»
CAPO IX
Jnstitution di Eredi.
Se qualche uno veramente instituirà Heredi, overo a
qualche uno lassarà, donarà, ovoro in altro modo tra-
sferirà il suo sotto questa condition, che essi Beni
hereditarij lassiati, donati, overo in altro modo trans-
itati deuegna ad altra persona, in caso che el man-
casse senza heredi; ordenemo che queste tal parole,
che dicono senza heredi si debbino intender senza he-
redi legittimi per ascendentia, come per descendentia
et non extranei, ne fuori degli gradi hereditarij.
CAPO LXI.
Ordini di far li Testamenti*
Affermemo insuper et expressamente comandemo,
che nel far degli testamenti, in questa nostra terra, se
habbia da servar V ordine, et forma infrascritta. Che
ogni volta che accaderà, che uno nostro Cittadin, et
vicino de Rovigno vorrà far il suo testamento, et ul-
tima volontà, overo Codicillo debbi chiamar uno Nodaro
con quattro testimonij idonei, alli quali non aspettino
nè comodo nè incomodo, de ordinar prudentemente
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tutti gli fatti soi, come è solito di far, dovendo intra-
vignir a tal testamento, et publicatione de quello uno
giudice da esser dato per Mess. lo Podestà ogni volta
che per simile bisogno sarà richiesto ; qual testamento
sia poi pubblicado per ditto Nodaro ad inteligentia di
ogni uno, che si attroverà, el qual letto sia domandato
adesso testador, se così ha ordinato, come è sta scritto,
et letto itache habbi a^ confirmar et pregar gli testimonij,
degli quali testimonij uno, over dui si debbi presentar davanti
ad esso testador, et domandar, se gli cognoscono, facendo
dir il nome suo, acciò che visto esser in bona memoria, tal
testamento sia firmo, et valido, et romper non si possi»
Ordenemo per ogni bono rispetto, che quando alcuno
testador ordinarà il suo testamento, siano expulsi per
il Nodaro gli Parenti, et prossimi del ditto testador, et
questo perche delle più velte offusca la mente di quelli
nel lassar de beni soi, ma intravignir debbino alla pub-
blication de tal testamento, et ultima volontà.
»
CAPO LXII.
Di quelli morono senza Testamento.
Volemo, che alcun Cittadino di Rovigno, overo
Vicino morirà senza testamento, non avendo figlioli, ne
figliole, ma solamente fradelii, o sorette da parte de
padre solamente, e de madre, quelli fradelii, et sorelle
sucedano in quelli beni gli quali da parte di padre, o
di madre procederà, videlicet donde sono discesi; gli
altri soi beni acquistadi per esso morto, o per sua fati-
ca, overo gli sia lassato a esso morto per donation
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testamento, ovvero per sciascuna dimissoria a lui la-
sciati, prevengano agli suoi prossimi seghe ne saranno,
gli quali beni siano divisi agli propinqui, e parenti
dove sono discesi tal Beni.
CAPO LOTI.
Detta succession de beni di quelli mancano
ab Intestalo.
*
Giusta cosa esser credemo, che de gli successori
de beni de quelle Persone, le quali ab intestato man-
cano, destintamente et con ogni dilligentia disponemo
secondo la sua succedentia, et heredità; pertanto vo-
lemo, che quando more alcuno senza testamento, las-
sando descendenti videlicet figliuoli legittimi, cosi
maschi, come femine, et cosi postumi, come nasciuti
egualmente sucedano negli beni del defonto senza
testamento; cosi niente di manco, se tutti gli figlioli,
che havesse esso defonto, fossero diuisi, o ver diviso,
emancipati, ovvero alcuna delle figliole non havendo
altri figlioli, che quelli divisi, et emancipati, mancando
com' è detto, senza testamento, ditti figlioli suceder
debbino in tal heredità, et beni egualmente; Neze, et
Nepoti del figliolo morto, over figlioli questi sucedano,
ita che gli Nepoti, et Neze tanto habbino, quanto
haueria suo Padre se el vivesse.
CAPO LXIV.
Delle Dote.
Item vòlemo, che se alcun figliolo, over Nepote
et ciascuno descendente menarà moglier et la dote sua
11
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hauerà ricevuta, suo padre, over Avo, over altri descen-
denti, che quelle dote riceuerà avanti parte, quella dote
ricevuta habbi et siano obbligati dare a coloro aspetta,
et per gli quali fosse stata posta a monte.
CAPO LXV.
Che le donne siano sottoposte a debiti.
Ordenemo etiam, che le Donne vogliando haver
parte delli beni mobili, et stabili sottozaser debbino
alli debiti del Marito doppoi la morte di quello, giu-
stamento tamen fatti, come avanti è dichiarito.
CAPO LXVI.
Detti Legati fatti alla Moglie. .
Item li lassi, et legati fatti alla mogier sotto questa
condition, se vita vedovai servarà.
Volemo che omnino habbi, ma espirando questo,
et passando al secondo maridazzo che come se vita
honesta facesse secondo il voler del testator, volemo,
che sij priva d'ogni comodo et lasso del ditto primo
marito aciò che più non sia punita viuendo castamente
con il segondo marito, che in honesta vedova.
CAPO LXVU.
Degli Heredu
Item affermemo, che ciascuno, che sarà instituito
herede per alcuno testamento, habbi termine de mese
uno subseguente dal giorno dell' obito del Testador
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accetar tal heredità con beneficio del Inventario, o come
farà dichiarir infra quel tempo; et cognosciuto tal he-
redità esser dannosa habbi, et possi reffudarla.
CAPO LXVHI.
Degli Figlioli mancipadi.
Gli figlioli maschi mandati, et mancipadi insieme
con soi fratelli et sorelle exitente in potestate, se ve-
gnir voranno alla succession del padre, e della madre
mancando ab intestato, debbino portar, commular et
ramessedar negli Beni della heredità tutti e ciascheduni
beni, gli quali da soi padre et madre havessero rice-
vuto per ciascun modo, patto overo contratto, et fatta
tale collation, overo comulation de heredità, sij divisa;
se veramente portar non si potranno per qualche im-
pedimento, alhora questi fradelli non emancipadi dovendo
portar tanto de Beni de essa heredità a si, et ricevano
avanti parte, quanto gli Emancipadi hauranno havuto
de beni paterni, et materni, et il resto della heredità
sia diviso ut supra. Et similiter demo potestà alli fi-
glioli, et figliole non mandate, emancipadi che venir
possino come suo padre, et madre haueriano potesto
venir, domentre che succedano in stirpe, et non in
capite.
CAPO LXIX.
Degli Figlioli che movono in potestà del
Padre.
Se qualche figliol in potestà del Padre, overo
emancipato, mancasse senza Figlioli, overo Figliole in
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potestà del Padre, volemo, che suo padre habbi ple-
nariamente tutti gli soi beni, et sei ditto Figliolo de-
fonto niuno Fradello, overo Sorella non maridata haurà
de quel padre, et se qualche Fradello overo Sorella
havesse allora il suo padre preditto habbi in pieno
l'usufrutto de tutti gli beni del defonto, mentre eh' el
vive, mobili, et imobili doppoi la sua morte vegna, et
vegnir debba ditti beni a' Fradello overo Sorella non
maritati in stirpe, et non incapite sucedente.
Dichiarindo che il ditto padre debbi tenir detti
beni imobili con diligentia in colmo, et non sia grauato
altro restituir doppoi la morte sua delle cose mobile
se non tanto, quanto alla sua morte sarà trouato.
Nepoti veramente e Nezze da parte de padre, fi-
glioli de figlioli, et da parte de madre in tal sucession
procedano, et proceder debbano al Barbani da parte
de madre, et Amite del defonto, et defonta.
Li fradelli congionti da parte de padre solamente
volemo sucedino in tutli gli Beni del Fradello morto
ugualmente con gli fradelli congionti da parte del padre,
et madre, et cosi s' intenda in le sorelle non maritade.
CAPO LXX.
Della Legittima.
H figliol mancando senza descendenti sia tenuti
il Padre suo honorar almanco in sua legittima, cornei!
Padre è tenuto, se avanti il Figliol mancasse, al qual
cosa se il Figliolo non se curarà de far quelli remedij,
habbi il padre, che haurà il figliol, in questo caso, sì
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veramente il padre non comanderà, sia astretto lassar
alla madre la legittima, quanto air usufrutto solam.te
fino a tanto che la ditta madre vedoalmente, et hone-
stamente viverà, doppoi ritorni al Sig.r proprio, et habbi
ditta madre gli debiti remedij, et così il padre, se la
legittima non gli sarà lassatale qual tutte soprascritte
cose intendemo in tutti gli beni ascendenti, cosi paterni,
come materni, se padre e madre non soprafussero.
CAPO LXXL
Della privation d f Heredità.
Possi ciascuno mosso per giusta causa li figlioli
soi et figliole exreditar, et così de converso allegando,
et exprimendo ragion giusta, et probata de tal priva-
tion d' Heredità, et il testamento niuno patischi pregiu-
ditio per questo, ma firmo remagni exreditando tamen
senza causa, overo con causa non giusta overo non
provata, la giusta rompa il testamento a tutte cose,
salvo, che lassi justamente fatti ad pias causas, et per
T anima sua, et altre tutte cose rimagnino, come ab
intestate.
CAPO LXXH.
Belli Lassi per contento e Benedtion.
Item ordenemo insuper, che ogni volta che sarà
lassado ad alcuno per qualche testador soldi XX per
contento, et benedition, non possi più adimandar di
beni (T esso defonto, e che al qual tal lasso sarà sta
fatto, salvo, che noi sia Figliolo in potestà del padre,
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concedemo poter domandar della heredità del padre
universa!, essendo defonto fino la legittima, se manco,
che la legittima gli sarà lassada.
CAPO LXXIII.
Del Figliol Posthumo.
Il preterito Figliol over Posthumo, o veram.te già
nato gli quali segondo la regola di ragione rompono
gli Testamenti, volemo, che de caetero gli Testamenti
del Padre, et di madre non si rompino, se non quanto
a legati overo lassi, quali non fossero fatti a beneficio
et salute del defonto, et per Y anima sua, domentre
tamen, che questo modo non exceda, la qual cosa las-
semo in arbitrio di Mess. lo Podestà de quelli tal lassi
redur al debito modo, et che essa heredita possi portar,
et gli preditti Posthumi se habbino per instituidi in tal
heredità paterna, et materna et a quella omnino venir
debbino insieme con gli altri figlioli, et Fratelli instituidi
talmente che ciascuno de ditti figlioli anco habbino de
essi beni, et essi beni egualmente se dividano, à ben
che dal principio il testador habbi instituido disparte;
remanendo sempre il testamento in sua fermezza.
CAPO LXXIV.
De quelli si possino privar.
Comandemo, che nissuno, che havrà fatto profes-
sion et sarà intrato in Monasterio, V. G. Homo fatto
essendo Frate, et donna Monacha negli beni paterni, et
in materni succeder possino.
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CAPO LXXV.
Che il figliolo diviso dal Padre la obbligation
non legni.
Hauemo statuido et deliberado, che quando alcuno
hanerà figliolo da se diviso, et mancipato, et farà carta
ad alcuno, in la qual si contegna, che esso con soi
heredi sia obbligato, il figlio, quale è dal padre diviso
de tal obbligation minime sia tenuto, et de figliola
emancipada similiter s' intenda. Gli altri veramente heredi
non emancipadi siano tenuti sopra gli beni paterni, ma
sopra gli beni materni minime siano tenuti.
CAPO LXXVI.
Belli Figli che sono in potestà del Padre.
Volemo che il figliolo existente in potestà de
padre gli beni paterni alienar non possi, ne per altro
modo distribuir, et distraher, et che da qui inanti nis-
suna carta, ne altra obbligation vagli, ne tegna V. G
de Figlioli di famiglia s'intenda.
CAPO LXXVH.
Consuetudine del Matrimonio.
Costume, et consuetudine antica è d'Histria la
quale approvemo, et laudemo, et però statuendo orde-
nemo, che tutti gli matrimoni] sino qui contratti, et che
de caetero legittimam.te si contrazerano in Rovigno, et
Destretto di questa natura esser se intenda come per
matrimonio Marito, et Moglie, Fradello et Sorella essere
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se dicernono, in questo, massime, che in uni versai beni
mobili, et Stabili, ragion et ation tutte al tempo del
contrazer del matrimonio speranza esser roba, et la
qual si acquistasse per essi, overo ciascun titolo de
essi durante il matrimonio, per ciascun titolo, modo
ragion overo cagion come fratelli si intendano; cioè
che tutti gli beni, ragion et ation siano tutti insieme
per essa ragion per mità, salvo se convention per spe-
cial patto tra gli preditti fatto non fusse in contrario.
CAPO Lxxvm.
Che le provision Dotai apparano per
publico Insd rumenta.
Terminemo, che nissuna dotai prouision vaglia, et
sia di ni ss un valor, se per pubblico Instrumento non
sarà dichiarito, et questo si intenda de L. 50, in suso,
overo del valor et fino tal summa gli testimoni)" se as-
sumano, et togliano, et questo per rispetto del statuto,
il qual parla, che il testimonio da Lire 50 in suso,
ch'el non si creda se non per Instrumento.
CAPO LXXIX.
Negation del Matrimonio.
Item se tra do sarà copula de matrimonio secondo
F uso della Provincia dell' Histria, et come è ditto avanti
et alcuni di quelli vorrà allegar in Ragion non esser
maridada e frà et suor, non sia aldito nissuno di loro
matrimonio, ee non per pubb.co instrumento fatto per
mano di pubblico Nodaro, et se altram.te fosse fatto eia
di nissun valor.
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CAPO LXXX
Che non si possi diuider.
Ordenemo che gli Fradelii, et sorelle che resta-
ranno dappoi la morte del padre, et madre in fraterna
società non possino in modo alcuno avanti il tempo
legittimo far division, ma stiano in fraterna compagnia.
Item che tutte le division de beni stabili, le quali de
caetero si faranno in Rovigno, volemo, che siano fatte
con licentia di Mess. lo Podestà, altramente non va-
glino, et siano frustatone.
€APO LXXXI.
Delle Alienation, Vendition et Permutation
Statuimo, et ordenemo, che tutte et ciascune per-
sone, le quali comprarano, overo receverà possession
imobile per via de donation, Pegnoration, concambio
translation, overe obbligation d' alcuna persona, sia
tegnudo, o tegnuda pria haver licentia da Mess. lo Po-
destà nella prima Domenega seguente fra terza e Ve-
spero sopra la piazza del Trivio per voce preconia
pubblicamente far stridar, come tal persona a comprato,
overo, ricevuto per gli modi, come è sopra ditto, tal
possession, messa in tal luoco infra gli confini de tal
persone, per tanto pretio della cosa venduta; pertanto
se 1' è alcuno, che pretenda o voi quella recuperar pa-
rentella, overo lateralità comparir debbia davanti Mess.
lo Podestà infra XXX dì prossimi dal dì della prima
strida da esser connumeradi, et presentar lo pretio della
cosa venduta in mano del Camerlengho de Comun, delia
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qual sia fatta scrittura pubblica in gli atti della Can-
cellarla del Rettor, et se lo propinquo sarà, et non
vorà recuperar, il collaterano possi alhora, sei vorrà,
recuperar per lo pretio sarà venduta etc.
Quello che comprarà veramente, overo riceverà
per gli modi com' è ditto di sopra, non possa per tal
modo essa cosa venduta destruzer, sminuir fino non
faccia gridar al modo preditto, et perfino non spira il
termine della grida, et si vendita alcuna fosse fatta
con le gride, che alhora gli Venditori, così maschi
come f emine, non possino tirarsi in dietro, et che tal
grida, et vendita siue obbligation, com' è ditto di sopra,
sia bona, et ferma, et si altramente, com' è detto per
ordene fatta fosse compreda, donation, overo obbliga-
tion niente vaglino, et siano di nissun valor.
CAPO LXXXH.
Dichiaration delle Recupere.
Dichiarando, che si lo Parente comprarà per gli
soprascritti modi da nno suo parente, che alhora lo
meno propinquo, ne Laterano non possi recuperar quella
cosa comprada da Parente a Parente, et si do Parenti
o più fussero in quel Parentado, Laterani, così maschi,
come femine; che alhora tal vendition, traslation, ob-
bligation ut supra sia diuisa, et data a ciascuno la sua
parte, siando in egual parentella ovvero lateranità, saluo
sij laterano, ouero altro propinquo non fosse in più
grado de propinguità, che il comprador che alhora possa
recuperar ut supra.
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CAPO LXXXIU.
De munitione fienda per Notarium.
Ordenemo simili Lor sopra tal yendition de beni
stabili per risecar ogni malitia et cavilation, che alle volte
si vuol far in tal vendition et alienation, si farà in Ro-
vigno fra comprador etvenditor ; però afTermemo, che ogni
volta, che tal vendition o alienation si farà di qualun-
que sorte di beni stabili, sia per il Notaro, che tal
instrumento scriverà, dato corporal giuramento al ven-
ditor, et comprator, che fra loro non è altro patto, et
convention, salvo tanto si comprende, et si legge in lo
Instrumento fatto per ditto Nodaro, et pubblicado da-
vanti gli testimonij li presenti, massime che tal com-
prator avesse dato robbe per simil conto, et fatto pretio
in danaro; et questo si fa a benefizio dei prossimi, et
parenti del venditor, overo Confinanti, qual volessero
recuperar la cosa venduta, che con quella istessa ragion
possi far la sua recuperation ;
Volendo, che omnino tal robba, o siano Animali,
o de altre sorte robbe mobile date per conto preditto,
et che fosse fatto eccessivo pretio per il venditor, che
siano extimate per li nostri extimadori de Comun a giu-
sto, et conveniente pretio, come per loro conscientia
gli parerà.
CAPO LXXXiV*
Recupera degli Concambi).
Dichiarando oltra di ciò che ogni volta accadarà
in tal vendition fra esse due parti venditor et Comprator
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che concambiando dessero stabile per stabile, ossia Casa,
Vigna, Terreno ; Volemo che omnino gli parenti, et
congionti de sangue de quelle persone che alienano,
possino sempre recuperar per extima da esser fatta
per persone idonee intravignando degli estimadori de
Comun.
CAPOLXXXV.
Delti NotaH che fiorivano Instrumenti
Statuimo che ciascuno Notaro, che fa Instrumenti
in Rovigno, et altri qualunque Contratti sia tegnudo, et
debbia in ciascun Instrumento, lo qual autenticherà, o-
vero nel qual metterà nota et suo segno, sia tenuto de
scriver gl'anni del Signor Nostro Mess. Jesu Christo,
Indition, Dì, et ancora la quantità del debito termine,
il nome delle persone contrahenti destintamente, et non
abreviatamente, ne aggionger in quello alcuna lettera
destinta, et non abreviata in fra due righe, salvo che
titulo, o vergola o sillaba. Et chi contraffarà paghi al
Comun de Rovigno lire X, et oltra di ciò sia tenuto
drezar, et reformar tal Instrumento ad plenum de nuovo.
CAPO LXXXVL
Della examination atti Nodari.
Ordenemo, et expressamente comandemo, che cia-
scuna Persona Cittadina di questo nostro loco di Ro-
vigno sia Prete o Laico, essendo Nodaro pubblico et
Imperiai possi, et vagli scriver, formar, et celebrar
instrumenti et testamenti com; di sopra è ditta con
)gle
93
questo, che siano gli ditti Notori examinati per il Can-
cellier del Redimento pubblico davanti la Magnificentia
del Podestà et soi Giudici, et Sindico a veder et in-
tender la loro sufficientia et quelli che saranno per
sufficienti approbati, quelli soli vagliano in exercitar la
Notaria, et siano notati nella Cancellarla del Regimento,
acciò siano cognosciuti per li Rettori successive ne
possino celebrar alcuno lustramento, Testamento o altra
peritura pubblica Cartha, nisi latinis litteris, et si altri-
mente fosse formato, et celebrato, non vaglia*
Dichiarando, che gli ditti Nodari, che saranno ap-
probati così Laichi, come Preti, debbano dar in questa
terra una Pieggiaria de Ducati cinquanta V. L.ta, acciò si
fossero qualche inconveniente polessesi far contra loro
animaversione si non corporei, almeno pecuniaria,
secondo parerà in tal caso a Mess. lo Podestà; gli
altri veramente non approbati per Notari, et sufficienti
non ardiscano scriver, o formar, o celebrar alcuna
carta ut supra, et se fosse per essi scritta, o celebrata
non vaglia, et prò nulla reputatur; ita che non se gli
presti fede sotto pena di L. XXV fra il Comun, e lo
accusator ad ogni contrafaciente.
CAPO LXXXVIL
Che le Robbe vendute da Forastieri per
vender star debino tre giorni sopra la Piazza.
Se qualunque forastier condurà, o farà condur Ani-
mali così grossi, come menuti, et di qualunque sorte
Animali, et altre cose mobile per cagion di vender in
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Rovigno, over Destretto, volemo, et expressamente
comandemo, che il ditto conduttore debbe publice esse
cose mobile, et bestie tenir in Riva o piazza al loco
solito per tre giorni continui, acciochè a tutti sia ma-
nifesto, che ditti Animali, et Robbe si vendono, gli
quali tre giorni passati nissuno opponendo, et contra-
dicendo possi esso Conduttore de tali Animali libere
vender a ciascheduno, le quale vendition siano bene,
et giuridicamente fatte, et non si possino retratar exi-
stente appresso il comprator, salvo che il Patron delle
robbe et Animali vegnando infra otto giorni XV doppoi
la vendition qual se vignarà in ditto termine vogliando
le cose, et Animali sui recuperar possi pagando il pretio
exborsato per il comprador et spese, recuperar possi.
Se veramente avanti gli tre giorni la vendition sarà
fatta, et non servando quanto di sopra è ditto ciascuno
ragion habbiando in ditte cose ne haver possino.
«
CAPO LXXXVIII.
Della Vendition delle Barche trouate.
r. • . • » • . . ; V : "
Barche de Forestieri veramente condotte a questa
terra per causa de vender, overo per qualche modo
trovate, Volemo che stiano in riva per tre giorni a
tutti manifesto, che si vende, et doppoi gli tre giorni
vender si possi, qual comprede siano ben fatte, et irre-
vocabile. Risservando liberta agli Patroni de quelli de
giorni XV doppoi la vendition, e siccome di sopra è
dichiarito de poterle rehaver exborsando el pretio con
le spese, che hauerà dato il comprador. Resservando
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ragion alli Mercenarij, che dovessero haver per sua
fadiga, gli quali volemo omnino siano saitisfati.
*
CAPO LXXXIX.
Delle cose trovate ramenghe.
Terminemo oltra de ciò, che ogni volta che sarà
trouato qualche Animai ramengo, Barche, et ogni altra
cosa, che non si trovi Patron di essa, si in mar, come
in terra, quelli che troveranno, siano obbligati presentar
al Regimento, facendo notar in Cancellarla, et doppoi
sia fatta publica proclama per F Officiai pubblicando,
che se le nissuno che habbia perso tal cosa habbia
comparir in termine di giorni XV et passando ditto
termine, et nissuno comparendo, siano vendute tal cose
al publico incanto, et el tratto delle qual sia diuiso tra
il Comun, et presentador, non intendendo de Oro, Ar-
gento trovato in mar, o sotto terra, qual secondo la
legge dell'alma Città di Venetia si habbi a diuider*
CAPO XC.
Di quelli che togliono Vigne a governar. >
Volemo etiam sopra gli danni da esser stimadi
sopra coloro, che sono obligati a zappar qualche Vigna
tolta a parte o sopra di essi, o per altro modo, che
tal extimation da esser fatta da non esser zappada s'
intendino fino a S.to Vito del mese di Junio, qual ter-
mine passato, coloro che hanno interesse possino da
quel tempo indietro far extimar sopra coloro, che non
l'hanno zappate.
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CAPO XCL
De coloro comprano per revender* *
Ordenemo, et expressamenle comandemo, che
nessuno ardisca far mercato, o incaparar, o per alcun
altro modo palese, overo oculto contrattar alcun mer-
cato con alcuno de Robbe, et cose condutte a questo
loco de Rovigno, et Riva per causa de vender, fino a
tre giorni, doppoi che saranno gionti, sotto pena de
soldi cento da esser divisi jusla F altre condennation,
et questo s'intenda de coloro, che comprano per ca-
gion de revender in grosso, et così robbe condotte per
mar, come per terra. Dappoi degli tre giorni vera-
mente sia licito a ciascun comprar con questa condi-
tion, che quel comprator sia tenuto dar a ciascheduno
della terra che a si domandarà delle preditte cose
coraprade per quel pretio, el qual hauerà comprado, se
colui hauera comprà per causa de revender, giurando
per Sagramento, per quanto pretio hauerà comprado
quelle Robbe a questo loco, et questo in fra tre giorni,
doppoi che haurà comprato, s'intendi.
capo xcn.
Obligation delti Eredi de Nodaru
Ordenemo etiam, che de caetero tutti gli Nodari,
che sono, et saranno in Rovigno, debbino gli heredi
soi doppoi la morte di quelli, tutti gli libri, Protocolli
appresentar in Cancellarla del Regimento, in un loco
separado, overo in Sagrestia di Mad.a S.ta Eupheraia,
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acciò che ogni volta che sarà bisogno ad alcuno di ve-
der lustramenti. Testamenti, o altri Contratti fatti per
quel tal Nodaro, sappi ove andar a trovargli, sotto pena
agli contraffacenti de L. XXV da esser divise ut supra.
CAPO XCIII.
Pagamento de 9 Lavoratori.
Volemo che le opere degli Lavoratori, li quali an-
deranno a lavorar con altri a giornata, siano pagati a
questo modo v i d elicei :
Il tempo dell'Invernata soldi XII
Tutto il mese di Febbraro „ XII
Da Febbraro sino tutto il mese di marzo v XIII
Il mese d'Aprile „ XIV
Il mese di Maggio soldi XV, overo al più „ XVI
Et non si possi torre più soldi XVI a ragione di
giornata, et a spese de loro lavoratori.
Il podar veramente il mese di marzo . . soldi XM
Il mese d'Aprile „ XV
CAPO XCIV.
Pretto delti Formazzi.
Volemo etiam, che de caetero se habbiano a ven-
der gli formazzi terrieri, et che si fanno sopra questo
territorio, cosi de Mandreri, come de Bottegheri, et al-
tri Mercadanti d'ogni tempo soldi dò per libra, et non
più, et così sia inviolabilmente osservato.
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CAPO XCV.
Pretto delle Puine.
Le Recotte veramente volemo, che si vendino, così
fresche, come salate da tutti gli tempi piccoli XVIII la
libra, et non più.
CAPOXCVI.
Pretto delle Lane*
Si mi] iter comandemo, che tutte le lane sì faranno
di Mazo si debino vender piccoli XVM la libra et
le lane Agustiole soldi dò la libra se vendano, et non
più, sotto pena delle soprascrite vendite per ogni volta
alli contrafacienti de emendar fra il Comun, et accu-
sator in L. 5 de piccoli.
CAPO XCVH.
■ * *
Pagamento detti Pestrini.
lieta statuendo ordenemo prouedando alli Pestrini,
et Masenation di questa terra, che de caetero habbino
da tenir un stilo, et modo nel farsi pagar da chi farà
masinar con tal limitation V. G. che gli sei mesi del-
l' Istade comenzando da Mazo fino al primo de No-
vembre soldi uno per ogni Stariol rassato, gli altri sei
mesi dell'Inverno cominciando il primo di Novembre
fino il primo di Mazo per ogni stariol colmo piccoli
XVIII, et non più possino tuor.
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CAPO XCVHI.
Di quelli che accettano in Conseglio*
Similiter ordenemo, che ogni volta, che per il no-
stro Conseglio de Rovigno, de ordene del Regimento
nostro, justa il solito sarà congregato, nel qual, o per
suplication, o per altra honesta causa sarà elletto alcuno
nel Numero degli Nobili, et Consiglieri del ditto Con-
siglio nostro, habbiando scosso più della mità de Rai-
lotte degli Consiglieri addunati, non s'intendi esser di
detto Consiglio se doppoi sei mesi della sua creation,
et elletlion non haurà appresentato in Consiglio a Mag.o
Prettor Lettera di confirmation, ovvero Ducal, o almen
ordinata per tutti tre li Clarissimi Sig.i Advocatori de
Comun, sicché non lassino omnino passar li detti sei
mesi d'haver ottenuta detta sua confirmation, aliter las-
sati passar detti sei mesi, et non havendo appresen-
tate detta lettera, si intendino li detti eletti privi imediate,
et cazzadi zoso del detto Conseglio, sicché non possino
più venir ne intrar in ditto nostro Conseglio se non
per nuova Elletion, et così come anticamente é stato,
volemo inviolabilmente observato.
Fine del Libro Civile.
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LIBRO TERZO.
DE MALEFICIIS
CAPO L
De quelli che lavorano le Feste.
Statuimo, et statuendo ordenemo, et volemo, che
le Botteghe in Rovigno non si habbino ad apprir negli
giorni di festa fino hora di Terza senza licentia di
Messer lo Podestà, et negli giorni principali festivi so-
lenni, come è della Ressuretion del nostro Sig.r Messer
Jesu Christo, e Nativilà tenirle in tutto serrate ; tutti
gli altri giorni de Domeniga con altre feste comandate
per la Chiesa, volemo sia seruato il modo soprascritto,
et infrascritto; cioè; che in tali giorni render non si possi
ragion, et nissuno ardisca, ne prossuma lauorar, ne far
lauorar de nissuna sorte de lauorier, sotto pena de
soldi XX.ti per ciascuna volta la mitade del Comun
nostro, l' altra dell' accusator, et ogni un possi accusar.
CAPO IL
Ombra gU Hosti.
Item tutti gli hosti, et coloro fanno hosteria, non
prossumano aprir tal hosterie, ne accettar nissuno ne-
gli ditti giorni di Festa, et solennità, fino non sarà
compida la Messa granda, sotto pena de soldi XX.ti,
reseruando tamen gli Forastieri.
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CAPO DL
Della pena delti Biastematorù
Comandemo, ordenemo, volemo et prouedemo so-
pra il nefando vitio della Diastema, che sii sarà nissuno
che ardisca biastemar il nome de Iddio Omnipotente et
Sig.r nostro Messer Jesu Christo, ne la sua gloriosa
Madre Vergine Maria, caschi alla pena de Lire XXXI
de piccoli, et star debbia un giorno in Berlina coro-
nato con corona de infamia, et diabolica, et oltra di
ciò habbi squassi tre de corda, la qual pena siadiuisa
fra il Comun, et Faccusator, possendo ciascun accusar,
et sarà tenuto di credenza, et oltra la prima volta
contrafacendo più, gli sia la pena poi in el doppio
accresciuta.
Item similmente se alcuno biastemarà il glorioso Evan-
gelista Messer S. Marco, S. Giorgio, e Santa Euphemia Pro-
tettori di questa Terra nostra de Rovigno, caschino alla
pena de lire XXV tante volte, quante contrafarano, da
esser diuise ut supra.
Item ordenemo, che ogni uolta alcuno biastemarà
altro Santo, o Santa debbi emendar de Lire XII, da
esser diuise ut supra, ordinando, che sii se attrouarà
qualche uno, che non habbi da pagar la detta pena
pecuniaria, sia punito corporalmente, ita che habbi causa
di aste ersi di tal Biastema.
CAPO IV.
Di quelli dicono parole ingiuriose.
Termenemo che ogni volta, che qualcuno dirà
dauanti Messer lo Podestà parole ingiuriose ad uno altro,
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I
- 102 -
et improperarà davanti il Giuditio, sia condamnato Soldi
XX.ti per ogni volta.
Similiter si per simil modo alcuno improperarà,
come alle uolte accade, el Padre, Madre, Fradelli, o
altri, che siano morti de qualche uno altro, sia con-
dannato quel tal in soldi XL.ta per ogni volta, et così
se habbi a obseruar.
* *
CAPO V.
Che non si possi portar Arme.
■
Volemo, et comandemo, che nissuno possi portar
arme per la Terra nostra de Rouigno, quale potesse
offender, sotto le infrascritte pene.
Arme da Ast:i Lire X
Spada 9 V
Pistoiese XV
Pugnai, et Fuseto 9 Vili
Cortello, et ogni altra Arma „ ffl
CAPO VI,
*
De andar di notte con Foco*
Dichiarimo etiam, che nissuno ardisca, ne prossuma
andar de notte per Rovigno senza Foco, doppoi il son
della terza Campana, sotto pena de soldi XX specifi-
cando, che ogni volta che saranno trovati per tal mo-
do, il Caualier, et Officiali siano obligati intimargli, et
metter pena fino Lire tre, et habbino la matina sequenle
appresentarsi dauanti Messer lo Potestà a far la sua
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103 -
execution, altramente non appresentandose sia condan-
nato per la desobbedienza in la pena postagli ut supra.
CAPO VII.
De chi percolerà alcuno.
Si qualche uno percoterà uno altro con mano,
piedi, ouero scapigliarà senza effusion de sangue, onero
spengierà con animo irato, siano condannati gli tali
percussori in soldi XL.ta
Chi darà uno pugno ad uno altio, sia condannato
soldi XX.ti, chi veramente darà uno schiaffo ad uno
altro, sia condennato Lire cinque, V.o V.
capo vm.
Che non si possi cauar la Berelta di tesla.
Quelli che torranno la Barella, ouero Cappello de
lesta ad uno altro, paghino Soldi XX. in Comun.
CAPO IX.
Contro quelli mettono mano alle Arme.
Item si qualche uno farà atto, et euaginarà cortello,
spada, Pugnai contra alcuno per causa de offender, et
non ferirà, per lo atto, oltra la pena dell'Arma, pa-
ghino, et siano condannati lire tré da esser diuise ut
supra; et percottendo con tal arme senza far sangue,
paghino lire cinque, et similmente con Bastoni, sassi,
doue non intrauegna sangue.
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CAPOX.
Contro coloro ferirà alcuno.
Se veramente alcuno sarà con sangue percosso,
siano condannati quelli, che harano commesso simili
mancamenti in Lire XX, et oltra di ciò habbino a pa-
gar medico, medicine, et danno, et interesse, che ha-
uesse patito la persona offesa, sempre ad arbitrio de
Messer lo Podestà justa la qualità della Botta, et ferida
apparerà esser fatta,
CAPO XI.
Contro coloro ferirà del Territorio.
Item quelli, che batterano, et ferirono in contrada
et destretto de Rovigno, siano condannati, con Arme
doue è effusion de sangue, lire Cinquanta de piccioli,
et per altre b ttiture, et senza sangue lire XXV da
esser diuise justa le altre condennation, et così volemo
se habbia osservar.
CAPO XII.
Di non andar sopra gli Muri.
Terminemo, che nissun cittadin, ouero habitator
in Rovigno ne forastier non ardisca ne prossuma de
giorno, ne de notte passar oltra gli muri de Rovigno,
ne uscir, ouero intrar del Castello, overo degli muri,
per ben che siano rotti, ne altroue che per le porte
ordenate et apperte, sotto pena a quello contrafarà de
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de lire XXV per bando della qual pena sia dhiiàa per
terzo, una al Comun, una air accusai or, et una al Re-
gimento, che farà FExecution, attenta sempre, et con-
siderata la cagion del trasgredir, et passar tal muri.
CAPO XIII.
• *
Contro gli giocatori de Carte e Dadi.
Item che nissuno ardisca zogar a carte, onero
dadi per danari in altro loco, che in la Logia de Co-
mun, sotto pena de lire tre de giorno, et cinque de
notte, et più, e manco in questo secondo la quantità
degli danari zugarano.
CAPO XIV.
Chi tenirà Giochi in Casa.
Similiter che nissuno ardisca tenir in casa sua
nessuno che giochi a carte, onero alli dadi, sotto pena
de Lire^cinque al giorno, et de notte sia duplicata, ha-
uendo rispetto alla quantità degli danari zugasseno.
CAPO XV.
■
Di non metter mano nelli Canestri.
Item nissuno ardisca metter mano nelli Canestri di
Pesci portadi a vender in Pescaria, sotto pena de soldi
XX.ti, saluo sei Patron del pesce non gli desse licentia.
CAPO XVI.
Delle Mondicie.
Item che nissuno ardisca buttar sopra le vie pub-
bliche ninna immonditia, ne vinazc, le quali se habbino
14
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— 106 —
a portar fori delle mura, alli lochi soliti sotto pena de
soldi XX per ciascuno, et ciascuna volta.
CAPO XVII.
Di quelli condurremo fuori Biave.
Rem che non ardisca nissuna persona condor fuori
di Rovigno Biaue, et altre cose, così per mar, come
per terra senza licentia di Mess. lo Podestà sotto pena
de Libre X da esser divise fra il Comun, et lo ac-
cusator, et perder le robbe cargade, et a quella pena
caschino quelli descargarano da alcun Naviglio in Porto
di Rovigno per portar via senza licentia.
capo xvm.
Belli Banditi.
■
Item che nissuno ardisca accettar in casa sua, ne
albergar alcun Bandito, ne dargli uittuaria, ne susten-
tamento de sorta alcuna, ne prestarli auxilio, ne fauor
sotto pena de libre Cinquanta de piccoli, et questo
tante volte, quante contrafarano, da esser diuise ut
sopra
CAPO XIX.
• • ■
Degli TauernierL
Statuirne» che nissuno tauernier de Rovigno ardisca
tenir la tauerna apporta doppoi il son della terza Cam-
pana, che sonata sarà da sera, come è usanza, sotto
pena de soldi XX.U, et così colui, che intrarà da detta
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fiora indiedro in detta tauerna. caschi a questa istessa
pena, la mi Uà della qnal sia al Commi, l'altra mittà
dell' accusator.
Item che ditti tauernieri non ardiscano la Dome-
nega et feste principal aprir le tauerne auanti Messa
granda sotto pena de soldi XX.ti.
Item che ditti tauernieri, che farano hostaria siano
obligati ogni volta che si farà qualche rissa, o scan-
dalo in sua Hosteria debbino in quel giorno farlo in-
tender aMesser lo Pod.tà sotto pena de soldi XL.ta*
#
CAPO XX.
Non tor Arme per pegno.
Item che ditti Tauernieri non debbino per pegno
tuor alcuna Arma, ultra cortelli grandi, et piccioli, ne
etiam da alcuno fameglio niuna cosa torre, che com-
prenda esser del Patrone, sotto pena de restitution delle
cose preditte, così tolte, giurando il Patron, quelle tal
cose esser sue, et che il Patron sia tenuto per il ditto
debito pagar a quello tauernier, tuttauia a conto del
salario che auanzasse a tal fameglio, aliter non.
Item yolemo, che essi Tauernieri quando barano
dato vin ad alcuno, dato non habbino pegno, gli sia
creto per suo giuramento fino soldi X, et non ultra.
CAPO XXI.
Degli pegni dati aUi Tauernieri.
Se veramente essi tauernieri hauerà pegno ultra
la summa preditta de soldi X, faccia comandar al Patron
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del Pegno per V Officiai, che in termine de zorni otto
secondo il consueto habbi a scuoderlo, facendo scriuer
la relation in Cancellarla, et doppoi la Domenega se-
quente sia venduto al publico incanto, et sii mancarà
fino alla summa del debito, facci pignorar il debitor
del resto, et de conuerso sei' sopra abondarà ultra la
summa del suo debito, quello sopra abondante sia re-
stituito infra tre giorni doppoi la uendition del Pegno
al debitor, et sei non sarà in Rovigno, la presenti alla
Cancellarla.
capo xxn.
Quello non hauerà li Pegni.
Item che ciascuno a chi sarà dato vin, sia astretto
immediate a pagar, richiedendo il Tauernaro fino soldi
V, se non hauerà pegno, et possi fino ditta summa de
soldi V esso Tauernaro metter pena a quello hauesseno
beuuto, che habbino a pagar incontinente.
capo xxin.
' Belli Giochi con Carte, e Dadi falsi.
Item sopra gli giochi de carie, et dadi, or de nomo,
che sei sarà nissuno che sarà trouato zugar con dadi
falsi, ouero con carte segnade, siano condennati in lire
X, et restituir tutti gli danari per tal modo guadagnati,
et magior pena, giusta la quantità et qualità degli da-
fiari, siano puniti.
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- CAPO XXIV. • • . . ,
Degli TramessL
Ordenemo, che se per alcuno Cittadin, ouero Fo-
restier sarà mandato alcune cose, ouer danari degli
Cittadini, et habitatori in Rovigno, et che il portador
di quelle cose, ouer danari non darà a quella persona
a chi sarano mandate, in termine di giorni tré doppoi
giunto, caschi alla pena de Lire XXV, et niente de
manco habbi a restituir quelle robbe de chi sarano, se
colui veramente a chi aspettarà tal robbe fosse absente
da questo loco, volemo, che siano consegnate, et ap-
presentate da Messer lo Podestà, ouero officio.
«
CAPO XXV.
I
Delle cose trottate prohibite*
Affermemo, che se alcuno sarà trouato portar fori
di Rovigno cose, et robbe deuedate per gli Rettori
nostri sia licito a quello inuentor quelle torre, et pre-
sentar a Messer lo Potestà, delle qual cose trouate lo
inuentor babbi il terzo, il terzo il Rettor, et V altro
terzo al Comun, et se alcuno de Rovigno vendarà ad
alcuno Forestier delle cose deuedate per il ditto Mes-
ser Io Pod.tà, le qual cose fosseno per forestieri por-
tate fuori di Rovigno, il doppio valor de quella cosa
al Comun de Rovigno compona per Rando ; et tal Ven-
dition sia di nissuno ualor, et se taluno saperàjalcune
de quelle cose deuedate portar fori de Rovigno, de-
nontiar debbia a Messer Io Podestà infra tre giorni, et
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se non denotiarà, et farà conuention con il ditto ven-
ditor, ouero con il comprador alcuno patto, ouero ac-
cordo insieme per fraude, et contra quello le preditte
cose, over parte de quelle sarano approbate, caschi
alla pena de lire tre de piccioli, et più, giusta la quan-
tità et qualità delle robbe preditte.
CAPO XXVI.
Che non si possi vender cosa alcuna
senza misura.
Terminemo che nessun terrier, come Forestiero
venda, ne vender possa Formenti, Vino, Oglio, Sai, et
altra Frua, si non con misure, quarte et miri de Co-
mun, overo alla misura giustificada con quelle de Comun,
bolade per gli Cattavieri nostri di Rovigno et chi con-
traffarà, pagar debba ogni volta al Comun nostro soldi
XL.ta de piccioli, et s'il sarà accusator habbi la mittade.
capo xxvn.
Degli Artesani.
Item che tutti gli Artesani hauer debbino una
fiatla all'anno el Sagramento, che gli faranno le sue
arte bene, drettamente, et leggi ttimamente, et questo
sia, et facciasi nella venuta del Rettor.
capo xxvm.
Delle misure.
Et a quella medema pena caschino coloro, che
non farano iuxte le misure di qualunque cosa si vende
y Google
- Ili -
a menuto, com" è Vino, Oglio, et similia, et perder la
cosa tremata, et robba manco della giusta misura, et
cosi osservarassi.
Item si per caso, come alle volte accade fosse
trovato a qualche Botteghiero, o altri, che vende, una
scarsa, cioè Bozza, Lire, Stadiere, Bracciolari, Quarta*
rioli, et altri pesi, et misure, et cognosciuto con vera
evidentia, che quelle teniva studiosamente per ingannar
gli compranti, questi tali caschino alla pena de libre
XXV, et gli siano rotte et destrutte le preditte misure
scarse.
capo xxix. .. :
Della Vendila de Panni o altro.
t . ")
Item che nissuno si Terriero, come Forastiero
prossumi vender, ne mesurar panno di qualunque sorte,
Griso et Rassa per cimossa, ma solum per la mezaria
de quelli, et chi contrafarà paghi soldi XX.ti per ogni
Brazzo, et perda il panno misurato, o altra cosa
simile.
Item volemo, che da qui auanti se alcune cose
per qualche uno de nostri sarano uendute in doppio de
quel pretio che giustamente valerave, ouero se com-
prehende fosseno per minor pretio della mittade di
quello con verità valer potesse, et querella di ciò
fosse fatta a Messer lo Pod.tà , tal vendition et com-
preda debba reuocarsi, et questo se intendi de uendition
de possession et Pegni.
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f CAPO XXX.
■
Contro li CerugicL
Item deliberemo, che tutti li Chyrurgichi, et Bar-
bieri, che medicano, et medicarano in Rovigno, siano
obligati infra tre giorni doppoi che si sarà intromesso
a medicar qualche uno, et qualche Ferida, doue gli sia
sangue, denontiarlo a Messer lo Potestà, onero all' Of-
ficio della Cancellarla, sotto pena de Lire cinque, da
esser diuise ut supra.
CAPO XXXI.
De chi mettono foco in Contrada.
Avertisca, et guardisi qualunque esser si voglia,
così Cittadino come distritual de Rovigno metter foco,
ne far metter in alcun loco sopra il territorio nostro
de Rovigno senza spetial licentia de Messer lo Pode-
stà sotto pena de Lire XXV da esser diuise, come
àuanti, et a reffar ogni danno fatto per causa de tal
foco; ma con licentia de Messer lo Podtà ciascuno
possi per suo comodo, et necessità metter negli soi
terreni foco, dando pieggiaria di refar ogni danno, che
potesse seguir, et tal licentia si debhi notar in Can-
celleria de Comun.
CAPO XXXIL
Detti Pegoraru
Item che nessuno Pegoraro, ouero Guardiano de
Anemali ardisca, ne prossuma pascolar, ne il Patron de
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tali Anomali possi ordinar, che '1 sia pascolato in lochi
brasati, et questo ad effetto de schivar gli incorine -
nienti de fochi, che alle volte per questa causa si mette
con manifesto pericolo, et rovina di questo territorio
sotto la soprascritta pena.
CAPO XXIII.
Contro coloro, che vanno a scoletare sopra
li Oliuarij.
Item ordenemo alli molti danni si fanno special-
mente sopra gli Olivari per coloro che vanno a sco-
lettar, però non sia nissuno che habbia ad andar a
scolettar, sì in gli Olivi d'altri, come etiam nel spigar
in gli Terreni d'altri senza licentia degli patroni sotto
pena di soldi XXti per ciascuna volta, et perder tutto
quello havesseno scolettato*
CAPO XXXIV.
De coloro tagliano Olivari.
Quelli veramente che saranno trouati tagliar Oli-
vari, o haver tagliati d'altri, et cavato Zocchi et ex-
radicati, ne secchi, ne manco verdi, caschino nella
pena di L. X et pagar il danno non intendando quelli
tagliaranno Zatte a Cason d' impiantar tuttavia con li-
centia del patron di quelli.
CAPO XXXV.
, Contro quelli tagliono Vite.
Item provedendo alli insoportabili danni, che alle
volte per alcuni figlioli della iniquità vien commesso,
15
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nel tagliar delle Vide in le Vigne d'altrui; però deli-
beremo che ogni volta, che sarà trovato alcuno haver
tagliato vide, o altram.te diguastate olirà il danno pre-
ditto, quelli immediate siano tenuti a pagar, et etiam
esser s'intendi cascato nella pena di L. cinque et piti,
siccome sarà il danno de importantia, et tagliando ma-
gioli senza licentia del patron della Vigna caschi alla
pena de soldi XX.ti et si Arbori fruttiferi tagliarano,
caschino alla pena di L. tre de piccioli.
Volemo etiam, che se alcuno tagliarà arbori non
fruttiferi, aia condannato soldi XX.ti per cadauno
arbore* 1
CAPO XXXVI.
«
Contro quelli tagliano Legna $ altri.
Item comandemo, che si el sarà tagliato legno
overo legne in bosco d'alcuno, o altro loco riservato
per animali, caschino questi tali che tagliarano ; n pena
de soldi XX.ti per ogni volta, et se le porterano via,
paghino soldi XL.ta et il danno, della qual pena la
mità sia del padron delle legne, et l'altra dei Comun.
CAPO XXXVII.
De chi ammazzar^ overo ferirà Animali.
Statuimo che se Bestie alcune di ciascuna sorte
sarano per alcuno ammazzade, overo feride, o altra-
mente debilitade, fraudolentem.te et studiose, sia con-
dannato L. X in Comun per ogni Animai grosso morto,
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overo ferido, et d'ogni Animai menudo soldi XL.ta et
pagar l'Animai morto per quello sarà extimato.
CAPO XXXVHL
A chi tagliar à la Coda, overo Orrechia
de Alternali.
Se alcuno taglierà la Coda, over orrechia a Ca-
vallo, Asino, overo ad altro simile Animai grosso,
paghi soldi cento, et pagar debbi il danno ut supra.
CAPO XXXIX.
Contro coloro gli levaranno le Pasture.
Item se alcuno despasturarà alcun anemal per tuor
le Pasture, o per altro effetto et fraude, paghi per ogni
volta L. tre et perdandosi lo Animai per tal depastu-
ration sia obligato pagarlo, et similmente il danno fa-
cesse in Vigne, et Campi seminati, o altro cadaun
danno.
CAPO XL.
Contro quelli li Cavalcar anno.
Item se alcuno montarà, o cavalcarà sopra qual-
che Cavallo d'altri senza licentia del patron fuori della
Terra, ovvero in la Terra, togliando et per masenar
de notte, over per altra fraude, caschi alla pena di
soldi XL.ta et a ciascuno sia licito accusar.
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CAPO XLI.
Contro chi vendarà frutti.
Item se alcuno homo, overo donna sarà Iroualo
in Piazza, ouero altro luogo a vender uva, et altri
frutti de ciascuna sorte, et cognosiuto, che quelli tali
non habbino ne Vigne, ne Campi, dove possino acco-
glier, et hauer tal frutti, siano condennati in soldi XL.ta,
ouer star in Berlina con le frutte al collo, acciò gli
altri si guardino da questo, et ogniuno sia Patron
del suo.
CAPO XLH.
Contro quelli faranno Ogli in Casa*
Item che nessuno ardisca far Oglio, ne far fare
con torcoli, overo con altro ingegno ma solamente al
Torchio deputado de Comun, sotto pena de L. cinque,
in la qual pena caschino così quelli, che farano a tal
modo Oglio, come quelli che il farano far, et perder
lo Oglio a tal modo fatto, da esser diviso ut
supra.
CAPO XLIII.
Di salvar U Peni.
Item nissuno ardisca, ne prossuma saluar, et al-
logar Paglia, ne Feno da uno fasso in fora, io le Case
delle sue, ne in altre habitationi in Rovigno, salvo in
gli Magazeni, che sono in Riva, overo qualche altro
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loco remoto, sotto pena de Lire cinque, diuidenti, ut
saprà. 1
CAPO XLIV.
Che non si postino desviar Famegìi.
Ordenemo, che se alcuno sarà tanto presontuoso
che desviarà, o farà desviar qualche Fameglio ouero
Fantesca de alcuno Cittadino, et habitante in Rovigno,
caschino alla pena de L. XXV, et altro tanto la per-
sona che si hauerà lassato desviar, et etiam quella per-
sona che fosse mezo da desinar, essendo però la per-
sona desviata in legittima etade.
Item se alcuno sottragierà da alcuno Fameglio,
overo Fantesca, et persone, che con altrui stia per
mal modo delle cose, et robbe degli Patroni con chi
stano, caschino alla pena di L cinque, et a restituir
le robbe, et il doppio più al Patron.
Item se nissuno Fameglio, overo Fantesca che
stiano con altri saranno trovati che de notte esca da
casa del Patron senza saputa, et voler di quello, ap-
prendo le porte, overo Balconi della casa con mal mo-
do, caschino alla pena di soldi cento, et si non Laverà
da pagar, sia frustato.
CAPO XLV.
Delle pegnore, et Execution delti debiti
Terminemo, che il ritta din et habitator in Rovi-
gno, quando da parte di Mess. lo Podestà sarà riqui-
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dito che il debba satisfar alcuno debito liquidato per
sententia, o altro conveniente debito, sia tal debitor in
libertà di star in confin delle Lozze fino tre giorni,
overo subito consigliar il pegno, come a lui piace, al
qual confin si el si appresentarà, et in gli ditti tre
giorni non haurà satisfatto el debito, et se parta dal
confin senza licentia de Mess. lo Podestà, overo del
Creditor, incorra in la pena de L. 3 de piccioli, alhora
sia pignorado per il Cauadal, e per la pena recorando
prima al Mobele sei ne sarà, se non, possa alhora
consignar stabele, el qual non debba deuedar all'Offi-
ciai mandato per Mess. lo Podestà, in pena di soldi
XX. ti intendando, che il mobele se debba incantar la
Festa al primo incanto deliberarlo al più offerente, ha-
vendo il debitor il termine solito, et per avanti dichia-
rito a scuoder il suo Pegno.
Il stabile veram.e si diè incantar de Domeniche,
et alla terza deliberarlo, da esser extimato per il Sti-
mador de Commi juxta il consueto con termine de
giorni XV al debitor di poter recuperar il suo stabile
venduto.
CAPO XLVI.
Delle Condennation.
Item ordenemo, che tutte le condennation, et ab-
solution animale siano lette, et publicade in publico
Arrengo del Comun di Rovigno, et le condennation
pecuniarie siano pagate infra otto giorni doppoi pub-
)igitized by Google
- 11» -
*
plicade sotto pena de soldi IV per lira juxta il Con-
sueto al Rettor.
CAPO XLVIL
Delle Usure si fanno.
Deliberemo, et affermemo, che non sia Dissimo,
sia chi esser si voglia, sì Terrier, come Forastier, che
ardisca ne prossima far usura, e niun contratto illicito
sotto pena di L. cinquanta de piccoli tante volte quante
contrafaranno, intendando specialmente, et expressa-
mente de quelli darano danari sopra, Vin, Formento,
Oglio, Lane, et altre simil cose, quelli non possino far
pretio, si non a quello correrà al tempo, che ditte frue
saranno accolte.
CAPO XLVm.
Degli Frati.
Statuimo, et ordenemo, che se alcuno maggior
d'anni 14, farà qualche furto in Rovigno, et suo de-
stretto, sia condennato, et punito, come qui sotto si contieni
Et primamente se il furto sarà di valuta di soldi
XL.ta sia condannato in Lire cinque per la prima volta,
et a restituir il doppio del furto comesso.
Et se il Furto sarà di valuta da soldi LX.ta fino a
L. X, sia condennato in L. XXV et a star in Berlina
del Comun.
Et se il Furto sarà da Lire X sino a L. XXV
sia frustado per la Terra di Rovigno secondo il con-
sueto, et a restituir sempre il furto fatto, et si de
mazor summa sarà trovato alcun robar sia punito con
Digitized by Google
mazor seuerità, et punition, siccome parerà al Rettor,
che alhora si attrouerà havuto rispetto alla qualità della
persona, et furio.
Et se il furto passasse la summa di Ducati X,
volemo, et deliberemo omnino, che tal ladro, o ladri
siano appiccati per le canne della golia, et simili modi
siano puniti quelli, che rompesseno Case d'altrui per
robar, et portando le robbe via, siccome sarà la qua-
lità et quantità del Furto da esser visto, et giudicato per
il Rettor, che alhora si attrovarà, ita che gli ladri om-
nino siano con asprissima pena, et severissima castigati,
acciò habbino causa gli altri de viver in suo sudor, et
lassar star la robba d'altri, siccome é giusto et con-
veniente,
CAPO XLIX
Chi comprano Robbe rubate.
Ordenemo, che'l non sia persona alcuna de Rovi-
gno, et sia chi esser si voglia, che ardisca ne pros-
suma comprar robbe robate, o che comprender potesse
che fossero robate riguardato la persona da chi le
compra sotto pena de L. XXV, et perder tutto quello,
che per tal' effetto havesse esborsato.
»•.»' « ' * i « f ' i f • ' • ■
' CAPO L. r
Degli Homicidiarij.
Degna, et laudabil cosa è adherendosi alle parole
del Santo, et sacro Evangelio, che coloro, che de gla-
dio fere, de quello perire deue. Per tanto deliberemo,
- 121 -
che ogni volta che l'occorrerà, che per qualche uno in
Rovigno, et destretto suo sarà comesso homicidio di
hauer araazato uno altro, sij parimente et lui amazato,
et decapitato sopra la Riua al loco solito, et separata
la testa dal Busto, ita che '1 mora, siando condutto nelle
forze del Redimento, et si non si potrà hauer sia per-
petualmente bandito de Rovigno, et suo destretto.
CAPO LL
Degli crudeli Assassini.
Statuimo, et ordenemo, che qualunque commetterà
atto proditorio, et sassinanesco, siano con la degna
punition castigati, da esser descapati, et fatti in quatro
quarti, siccome nell'alma Città di Venetia, et per ogni
loco si osserva.
Quelli veramente che incorreranno in violenti spo-
gli, et sforzi di Donne, et d' altro sforzo debbino si-
mili modo esser puniti, et decapitati juxta la qualità
del caso da esser cognosciuto per Mess. lo Podestà,
che a quel tempo si attroverà.
CAPO LU.
Delle Fatture.
Statuimo che nessuna persona ardisca far fatture
over Maleficij ad alcuno con causa, overo senza de
amar, overo odiar, et altre simile Eresie, sotto pena
che parerà condegna a Mess. lo Podestà secondo la
qualità della cosa trouata.
16
Digitized by Google
- 122 -
Item nissimo sia oso parar, o farsi parar Tossego,
ne Veneno, ne altra herba mortifera per qualche male
effetto sotto pena in arbitrio di Mess. lo Pod.tà, secondo
sarà importanza de tal cosa.
CAPO UE
Degli Falsi Testimonij.
Stabilimo, che ogni volta, che si constarà, et con
vera evidentia si cognoscerà qualche uno haver giurato
falso in Giuditio, siano expulsi, et publicadi per sper-
giuri, ne più habbino fede oltre soldi quatro, et inco*-
ronati in instanti con corona infame, et diabolica,
Item che nessuna Meretrice publica, etHomicidia-
rij, et Bara li e ri publici non siano introdotti in Giuditio
per Testimonij, ne in Civil, ne in Criminal, et se sa-
ranno produtti non habbino a pregiudicar alla parte
aduersa.
CAPO LIV.
Contro Coloro, che tengono Concubine.
Volemo, et comandemo, che nissuno in Rouigno
sia tanto audace, che contro gli precetti del Signor
Nostro Iddio tegnarà la Concubina insieme con iamo^-
glier in Casa, ouero che lassasse la moglier, et tenisse
la Concubina, sia expulsa della terra, douendosi punir
de punition condegna, che parerà a Messer lo Po-
destà.
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- 123 -
CAPO LV.
Di quelli pigliano doi Muglier.
Item se qualchuno fosse trovato, che essendo una
volta mandato, et che fuora di questo loco tolesse al-
tra moglier, questo constandosi sia frustato juxta il
consueto, et dannato in perpetuo exilio da Rovigno et
gli Beni soi siano della moglier prima tolta, et così si
hahbi da osservar inviolabilmente.
CAPO LVL
Delle Maritiate.
Deliberemo, che ciascuna donna mandata de che
condition si voglia, la qual adulterasse con qualche si
voglia altro, che con suo marito, et voluntarie com-
metesse tal vitio con uno, o più, sia punita, et perder
debba la sua dotta, et tutti gli soi Beni, li quali per-
vengano in gli soi figlioli legittimi, et figliole se ne
haurà, ri olii quali Beni il marito sia administrator per
Inventario legitimamente fatto*
Se veramente mancasse de Figlioli legittimi, al-
hora tutti gli suoi beni pervenga in esso suo marito,
et sia in arbitrio de quello, a far frustar quella sua
Moglier, o nò, la qual non possi esser accusada se
non per suo marito, lo qual debbia simile adulterio le-
gittimamente provar.
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- 124 -
CAPO LVII.
Del loco delle Meritrice*
Item volemo, che nessuna Meritrice publica non
debbi ne possi habitar in alcuna vicinanza, et Contrada
de Rovigno, ma sia cacciata de ditta Casa, ne niun
ardisca quella tenir in alcuna sua Casa, et questo sotto
pena de soldi cento; la qual pena la mitade sia del
Comun, et l' altra dell' accusador, ma se pur stesse babbi
a star in loco remoto, et extratto dalle altre habitation,
et Persone.
CAPO LVIIL
Contro quelli si manifestano soli essendo
accusati*
Item statuimo, che se qualchuno sarà accusato per
qualche delitto over mesfatto, et la persona che sarà
accusata, spontaneamente confessarà, senza altra pro-
bation, in quel caso volemo gli sia rimesso la quarta
parte della vera condennation, intendando pecuniaria.
Item volemo, che coloro, che se accusasseno, et
si accusaranno se medesimi di qualche cosa prohibita
fatta avanti, che per altri fosse denontiato, in quel
caso sia scanzellata la mitade della pena, intendando
pecuniaria, che potria patir.
CAPO LIX.
Quelli che presentavano Nidi de Lovi.
Deliberemo etiam, che ogni volta che per qual-
cuno sarà presentato a Messer lo Pod.tà qualche Nido
)igitized by Google
- 125 -
de Lovi, per exradicar questa mala semenza nociva
alli Anomali, sia dato dalla nostra Camera de Comun
al presentador de tal Lovi soldi XL.ta de piccioli per
ogni Covo, et il simile per ogni Lovo grande.
CAPO LX.
Quelli che doveranno far Angarie.
Statuimo, et ordenemo, che ciascuno Cittadin, et
habitator in Rovigno, magior d'anni XV fino agli anni
LX.ta sia tenuto, et debba far le guardie del Comun,
et di questa terra uno per fameglia, et tutte le An-
gario personal, che accaderano per la terra, et da anni
LX in suso siano assolti, et liberi di tal Angarie per-
sonal, come è solito in ogni loco a far, exceptuando
etiam gli Zudisi, et altri Officiali del Conseglio, et gli
quatro Deputadi del Populo al Fontego, et il Cancel-
lier de Comun, et Hostier de Madonna Santa Euphemia*
* ■
CAPO LXI.
Delle Poste delli Pescatori.
Ordenemo che tutti gli Pescatori de Toni, Palla-
mide, et Amboluschi al debito tempo gettar debbino le
sorte fra loro tutti pescatori delle Poste, et che nes-
suno ardisca calar le sue Tonere, et rette in altri luo-
chi et poste, solum in quelle gli ha toccato, sotto pena
de Soldi XX.ti per ogni volta, le qual siano buttate
per il Cancellier del Regimento, et annotate, ed affixe
Digitized by Google
- 126 -
in essa Cancellarla a notitia de ciascuno, e juxta il
consueto, et pagar debbino essi Bolettini annotati*
CAPO LXII.
Degli Sopralochu
Terminemo, che ogni volta che il sarà richiesto a
Messer lo Podestà sopra qualche loco de differentia,
et qualche littigio, che vertirà fra nostri Cittadini, do-
uer andar, doue sarà la controuersia in la Terra, hauer
debbi soldi XX.ti de piccioli, li Zudisi, et il Cancellier
soldi otto per uno.
Item per ogni caualcata, overo andar fuori della
Terra hauer debbi Messer lo Podestà intravegnando lit-
tigio, et essendo condutto ut supra, debba hauer soldi
XL.ta, et gli Zudesi, et il Cancelier soldi XII per uno,
et così si habbi a osservar»
Essendo obligati quelli litiganti condurano esso
Messer lo Podestà sopra tal loco de differentia v. g.
quella parte, che richiede, trouar, et dar Caualli, overo
Barche de andar a tal loco.
Item caualcando sopra gli confini, o altro seruitio
per la Comunità nostra hauer debbi esso Messer Io
Podestà libre tre al giorno, et gli soi Zudisi, et Can-
cellier soldi XVI per uno.
Item andando sopra loco in Vasselli, hauer debbi
per cadaun Vassello esso Messer lo Podtà libre XII
soldi Vili.
Fine del Libro Criminale.
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127 —
TARIFFA DELLA CANCELLERIA
DI ROVIGNO*
Per ogni Comandamento scritto a risponder Soldi 1
Per ogni termine procedente dal Comandamento „ \
Per ogni Atto estraordinario „ 10
Per ogni protesto »10
Per ogni procura scritta in libro „ 10
Per trar quella poi in autentico „ 20
Per la lettera di legalità. ♦ „ 8
Per ogni lettera „ 8
Per le Sententie Civil fino a Lire L.ta soldi uno
per Lira, et da gli in suso usque in in-
finitum piccioli VI per lira, intendendo
che la minima Sententia non paghi manco do
Soldi 4.
Per ogni ahsolution civil, quanto è detto delle
Sententie.
Per le Sententie voluntarie fino lire cinque . „ 2
Et da lire cinque fino a lire dieci . . . . „ 4
Da Lire dieci fino a cento, piccioli sei per lira
et da lire cento usque in infinitum piccioli
tre per lira, computando sempre in le ditte
Sententie ciascuno numero da spersì.
Per ogni pegno mobile, et stabile scritto in libro „ 4
Per la Vendition di quelli, piccioli sei per lira.
— 128 -
Per ogni lettera si scrive da Rettor a Rettor Soldi
Per ogni lettera si scrive a Venetia . . . . „
Per ogni copia di lettere »
Per ogni Sacramento in Giuditio „
Per il registro di lettere »
Per imbreuiar un Testamento »
Per trar quello in autentico soldi XVI per conto
della valuta della cosa fino a lire mille, et
de gli in suso ducati doi, et più non si
possi torre.
Per examinar un testimonio „
Per ogni domanda „
Per ogni difesa :
Per ciascuna addition ........ v
Per la copia n
Per ogni Capitolo de Interogalion . . . • „
Per ogni presentation de possession . . . ♦ „
Per ogni Instrumento de Vendition, Recuperation
et ogni altra alienation tanto, quanto è ditto
di sopra de Testamenti.
Per la Vendida della Possession, et stabili ven-
duti all'incanto, piccioli sei per lira.
Per abbreuiar uno Compromesso per parte . ♦ „
Per le Sententie compromissorie, come è ditto di
sopra delle Civil.
Per ogni copia de Processo a mandar a Venetia
per carta soldi otto, douendo esser Righe
XXV per ogni latto.
- 129 —
Per lo possession de Cittadini vorano far vender
ali 1 incanto per loro istessi piccioli quatro
per Lira al Cancelier.
Per ogni Suplication posta in Conseglio, et
gratia Soldi 8
Per ogni parte presa nel nostro Conseglio. . „ 8
Per accoppiare una incision, o laudation fatta per
gli Sig.ri Auditori, et per gli Consegli di
Venetia n 8
Per lo Recever, et appresentation de lettere, et
altre Scritture in Giuditio „ 4
Per abbreuiar, et trar in autentico un Sindica do „ 14
Per ogni stima si scrive „ 2
Per trouar quelle negli atti de Precessori . ♦ „ 2
Per trouar ogni altro Atto precessorio . . . „ 4
Per notar una pena per parte. ...... 4
Per ogni querella, denontia, overo accusa. . n 4
Per ogni deffesa Criminal ♦ ♦ „ 4
Per ogni testimonio „ 4
Per depennar una Condennation „ 4
Per le Sententie Criminal si paghino per la quan-
tità degli danari, come le Civil.
Per ogni segnation de Bando in processo per-
petuamente Ducato uno.
Per ogni segnatura de Processo de Bando ad
tempus Ducato mezzo.
17
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130
TARIFFA DEL CAUALIER.
Ordenemo che il Caualier de Messer lo Podestà
di Rovigno hauer debbi per ogni execution de Sen-
tentia ch'I farà, soldi quatro, per V minima che 1 sia
fino a Lire L.ta, et
et più non possi torre.
Per ogni Sequestro, et Intromissioni . . . ,
Per ogni Comandamento penai farà il Comandador
Per ogni caualcata fuori della Terra. . . . „ 20
Per ogni retention, che'l farà de uno ladro,
constando tamen che'l sia ladro, possando
durar Lire X se intenti hauer.
Per ogni uno, che sarà frustado, hauer debba Lire XXIV
Per ogni uno messo in Berlina . . . ♦ „ II
Per ogni uno, che sarà sententiato per qualche
membro .........<.„ XXV
Per ogni uno sarà giustiziato, et decapitato „ L.ta
Statuimo che l' Officiai presente nostro de Comun,
et quelli che de caetero sarano allì servitij di questa
nostra Comunità, hauer debbi dal nostro Comun al-
l' anno, alla festa della Natiuità del nostro Signor per
bona man, et per scovar le piazze secondo il con-
Soldi 8
n 20
in sua parte H
4
PAGAMENTI DELL' OFFICIAL
sueto
Soldi XL
- 131 -
Per ogni Vicino di Rovigno hauer debbi all'anno Soldi 7
Per ogni Comandamento farà per lettere da Ve-
netia „ 4
Per altre citation di lettere tanto, quanto loro
togliono alli nostri.
Per ogni Comandamento, et citation di Fo-
restieri „ 2
Per ogni cognito „ 4
Per ogni Vedova che farà comandar, non ha-
uendo figlioli, che fanno Angaria per co-
mandamento. „ 2
Andando fuora fino alle Masene 9 4
In Contrada „ 8
Per ogni grida „ 4
Per ogni incanto de Beni mobili per lira pic-
cioli m.
Per ogni datio deliberato da lire cento in snso „ 8
Per ogni datio deliberato da lire cento in zoso „ 4
Per ogni incanto de Beni stabili per lira pic-
coli IV.
Per ogni Comandamento extraordinario. . . „ 2
Non possendo tuor alli Vicini per gli Comanda-
menti fatti negli giorni giuridici altro, che
quello gli è deputato, v. g. soldi VII al-
l' anno.
Et ogni volta che ligarà alla corda, per uno . „ X
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— 132 -
CONFIRMATIO STATUTORUM
Anno millesimo quingentesimo trigesimo primo, Indic-
tione quarta, die vero 30 Mensis Julii prò Spectabili
Comuni tate
RUBINI.
Per D. Petrum Burla Civem Rubini suura Inter-
venientem fuit presentatimi Volumen Legis, et Statuto-
rum unacum infrascriptis litteris ducalibus Magnifico, et
Generoso D. Paulo Diedo V. Potestati Rubini loco ma-
gnifici, et generosi Domini Angeli Baduario absentis
• • • • »
Venetiis ob infirmitate; quibus receptis visis etc. jus-
sit registrari juxta eorum continentiam ad futuram me-
moriam per me Cancellarium infrascriptum*
Tenor litterarum praedictarum Ducalium se qui tur:
Andreas Gritti Dei gratta Dux Veneliarum etc.
Nobilibus, et sapientibus viris Angelo Baduario de
suo Mandato Potestati Rubini, et successoribus suis fi-
delibus dilectis salutoni, et dilectionis affectum.
Ex litteris vestris, quas nuper accepimus prò in-
formatione, quam habere optabamus de Volumine Sta-
tutorum, quae ista fidelis Nostra Comunitas per Nuntium
suum Petrum Burla a Dominio nostro confirmari supli-
citer petiit, inteleximus modum servatum in reformandis
illis per Deputatos ab eadem Comunitate, cum vetus
Volumen ammissum fuerif, a quo nihil discrepent, ut
potè quae sumpta sint a quibusdam exemplis librorum,
Digitized by Google
»
- 183 -
qui sunt in Cancelarìa ista, nec non habila ex fìnitimìs
terris, quibus eadem, quae isthic forma gerendi anti-
quibus, accedente totius consensu, et approbatione Po-
puli, i d. quo d ex diligentia, quam adhibuistis, et habue-
ritis particularem instructionem, multis ita refferentibus,
et affirmantibus, nobis compertum sit, per quae nihil
habent, neque continent inovationem de solutione Da-
tiorum, mercedem, sive alicujus alius rei amplius, quam
quod in statutis veteribus contineret. Quae cum ita sunt,
devenimus ad faciendum dictorum Statutorum Volumi-
nis novi confirma tionem, aliquibus correctis, quae or-
dini bus nostris minus congrua visa sunt, videlicet, ubi
tractantur de non alienandis bonis Ecclesiae siue con-
sensu Consilii loci istius, nec non absque consensu
majoris partis ipsius Consilii dicatur, quod non possint
alienari bona Ecclesiae, nisi etiam cum licentia Consilii
Nostri Rogatorum; Comunis autem bona nullo modo
possint alienari, prout legibus Nostris statutum est. Item
ubi dicitur de Animalibus conductis per transitum sol-
vatur certum, exprimitur prprsus excepta esse illa Ani-
malia, quae adducentur ad hanc urbem nostrani Vene-
tiarum, omnia oranino Datio non subjaceant ex forma
etiam legum nostrarum. Quaedam vero Capitula men-
tionem facientia de Salario Potestatis, et Cancelarii ,
nihil exprimatur, nisi quod fiat, et servet , prout in
Commissione dicti Potestatis ex lege Consilii nostri
decem de limitatione ejus quantitatem. Praeterea, quod
habere debeat dictus Dominus Potestas cum Cancelario,
et aliis, quando vadunt, sive equitant prò causa aliqua
privata, sive publica ad loco differentiae, et super con-
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- 134 -
finibus. Item circa tariffam, utilitatem Cancelarij, Ca-
balarij et Officialium non innovetur quidquam, sed ste-
tur super tantum quod observari hactenus eisdem penis,
quibus subjacent Fonticarii, etiam Camerarii subjacere
deberent, quae pecuniam male administrant juxta for-
mampartis Consilii nostri Rogatorum super idem dispo-
nentis, quae in Commissione potestatis poni solent.
Dictus itaque con di ti oni bus Nos appro basse, et confìr-
masso dicimus Volumen Statutorum supradictum, atque
harum litterarum tenore approbamus, et confirmamus. In
reliquis omnibus, prout stant, volumos, propterea et
mandemus vobis, ut eadem Statuta omnia, et singula
juxta correctionem nostram suprascriptam debeatis ob-
servare, et facere observari ab omnibus ad unguem, et
in violabili ter vigore bujusmodi approbationis, et confir-
mationis nostrae, quam ut supra fecimus, atque reser-
vato Dominio Nostro arbitrio, et facultate addendi, et
minuendi, et corrigendi, quae magis visa fuerint prò
tempore expedire publicae et privatae utilitati. Has
autem in actis Cancelarie vestrae registrari facite, et
presentanti restituantur.
Datum in Nostro Ducali Palatio die XXVII Julii.
Ind. IV MDXXXJ.
■
Nobilibus, et Sapientibus Viris Angelo Baduario
Potentati Rubini, et Successoribus suis.
- 135 -
Ego Petrus-Maria Veratos civis Abbatiensis No-
tarins publicus et ad praesens Cancellarius Magnifici,
et generosi Domini Potestatis Rubini fideliter regi-
stravi manu propria die suprascripta XXX Mensis Julij
1531,
Finis Statutorum Rubini.
i
INDICE.
1
Lib.I, Cap. 1.
Del Salario del Podestà . .
7)
3
a
1>
4
» 3.
De Regalia Superioris . • •
n
• •
IVI
n
» 4.
Del Salario del Cancellier. .
r>
ivi
» 5-
De quelli che vanno in Conseglio
r>
5
»
Che non si possi proponer con
meno di XX Consiglieri •
• •
IVI
a 7.
Della pena a quelli non sarano
n
• *
IVI
V
a 8.
Che quello ellezerà sia piezo
dell' Elletto
Ti
6
y>
» 9.
Che li Officiali non facino Angario
r>
• 9
IVI
,10.
Della ellettion di Ire Zudesi
• -
IVI
jì
r>
Del Camarlengo
y>
7)
7
23
„12.
De Dui Cathaveri . t . . *
9
8
d by Google
— 137 —
Lib. I y Cap. 13. Che li Justicieri abbi a stimar
la Carne, altri in sua absenza pag.
„ „ LL Del acregeimento alii Officiali
n
Fanno 1556 al li 19 Aprile „
U
15. De tre Sagrestani . . ♦ . „
12
f>
»
13
\jL De la ellettion de due Advocati „
18
18. Della Election del Sindico de
a
13
n
19. De la Election de uno massaro „
20
a
»
20. De la Election di un Appontad or „
ivi
21. De la Election si debba far nel
Conseglio „
■ •
m
8
22. Che li elletti in off.onon possi
21
„ „ 23. Che nessuno essendo debitor
possi haver off.o che si admi-
nistri danari „ ivi
„ „ 24. De la Election de uno sopra-
stante al Torchio . . . „ 22
„ „ 25. Degli Ambasciatori . . . . fari
„ „ 26. Del Palio della Beccaria . . „ fari
27. Di non condur Animali da fora
dentro, o nel Territorio
senza licentia del Redimento a 26
„ 28, Del Patio menudo . . . . „ 27
„ „ 2£ Del Patio del Vin . . . . „ 28
„ 9 30. Che alcun Cittadin non possi
levar Patii per Nobili Ve -
netiani ♦ » » 29
18
— 138 —
Lib. I, Cap. 31. Do non condur Vin Forestiero pag. 30
n „ 32. Che nessuno Forestier possi far
hostaria, se non da Pie -
ghiaria . . „ 31
„ „ 33. Del Patio della Piera . . . „ 32
„ „ 34. De la Panataria . . . . . „ ivi
„ „ 35. Del Patio del Pesce . . . „ 33
„ n 36. Che coloro che toglieno Patij
debbino dar Piegiaria . . „ 34
„ „ 37. Pi danni dati „ ivi
„ „ 38. Che non si guasti Serraglie. „ 35
„ „ 39. Pe non hahentihus Viam . . n 39
„ „ 40. Che alcuno non si possi intro -
meter nelle possessioni <T altri „ ivi
„ v 41. De far estimar infra tre giorni „ àù
„ „ 42. Delle Extimc scosse. . . . a ivi
„ „ 43. Che li Salteri siano obbligati a
notificar gli danni. . . . „ 41
„ v 44* Che non si possi haver più di
una Stantia „ M
„ „ 45. Degli danni fatti in gli Animali a 42
„ „ 46. Pe non alienar gli Beni de Comun „ ivi
„ „ 47. Pe non accettar Vicini si non
per anni V» „ 43
„ „ 48. Che nissun vicin si possi partirsi a 44
v „ 4ÌL De non metter famegli con
Anomali „ M
» „ 50. Pe non affiatar Terreni a Fo-
rastieri n 45
„ n 51* Confirmatio Capitulorum in ma -
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— 139 -
teria damnorum per ammalia
datorum ♦ » pag.
45
II,
Cap.
1* Degli Giuditii Civili • . .
n
48
0
0
2. In che giorno si dourà tenir
ivi
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4. Di quelli togliono Termine ♦
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52
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n
53
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de Forestieri
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j, „ 11, Summaria ragion per mercede „ ivi
12. De ralione Penda de Forensibus a ivi
13. Fra Prete e Laico ♦ . . . „ 55
14. Pelli debitori non stanno de
continuo in Rovigno . . . „ ili
15. Dello execution delle sententie „ 56
16. Che cosa douranno sicurar li
debitori „ ivi
„ „ 17. Della vendition delli Beni mobili „ 57
„ „ 18. Vendition degli Beni stabili . ^ ivi
„ „ 1 9. Di metter al possesso del Beni stabili g 58
„ 9 20. Di quelli hanno Pegni . . . „ ivi
„ „ 21. Della expiration de debitori
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- 141 -
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possession per anni X. . . pag. 71
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— 142 -
Lib. II, Cap. 70* Della Legittima pag. 84
„ „ 71. Della privation d'Heredila. . n 85
„ „ 72. Pelli Lassi per contento e Be-
ne diti on . . ■ . . . . „ ivi
• „ „ 73. Del Figliol Posthumo . . . „ 8fi
„ n 74. Di quelli si possino privar . n ivi
75. Che il figliolo diviso dal Padre
la obbligation non tegni. . „ 87
76. Degli Figli che sono in potestà
del Padre » ìyj
77. Consuetudine del Matrimonio. „ iy_i
78. Che le provision Dotai apparano
per publico Instrumento. . v 88
79. Negation del Matrimonio . . „ ivi
80. Che non si possi diuider . ♦ » 89
81. ^elle Alienation, Vendition -et
Permutation „ ivi
82. Dichiaration delle Recupero . „ 90
83. Demunitione fienda per Notarium a 91
84. Recupera degli Concambij. . „ ivi
85. Pelli Notari che scrivono In -
strumenti „ 92
86. Della examination ali i Nodari ivi
87. Che le Robbe vendute da Fo-
rastieri per vender star debino
tre giorni sopra la Piazza . 93
„ „ 88. Della Vendition delle Barche troaate„ 94
„ n 89. Delle cose trovate ramenghe. „ 95
„ „ 90. Di quelli che togliono Vigne a
governar. „ ivi
» »
» r*
n v
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— 143 —
Lib. II, Cap. 91. De coloro comprano per re -
vender ....... pag. 96
3
92. Obligation delli Eredi de Nodari
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94. Pretio delli Formazzi . . .
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100
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• •
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• •
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13. Contro gli giocatori de Carte e
105
14, Chi lenirà Giochi in Casa. .
• »
IVI
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I
- 144 -
Lib.IIL, Cap. 15. Di non metter mano nelli
Canestri . . r . ♦ . pag. 105
„ „ 16. Delle Mondicie ^ ivi
3, „ 17. Di quelli condurrano fuori Biave „ 106
„ „ 18. Delli Banditi „ ivi
„ „ 19, Degli Tauernieri „ ivi
„ „ 20. Non tor Arme per pegno. . „ 107
„ „ 21. Degli pegni dati alli Tauernieri n ivi
„ n 22. Quello non hauerà li Pegni . „ 108
„ „ 23. Delli Giochi con Carte, e Dadi
falsi „ ivi
„ n 24. Degli Tramessi „ 109
„ „ 25. Delle cose trouate prohibite . „ ivi
„ „ 26. Che non si possi vender cosa
alcuna senza misura . . . „ 110
„ „ 27. Degli Artesani ivi
„ „ 28. Delle misure „ ivi
„ „ 29. Della Vendita de Panni o altro „ 111
„ „ 30. Contro i Cerugici . . . . „ 112
„ 9 31. De chi mettono foco in Con-
trada „ ivi
„ „ 32. Delli Pegorari „ ivi
„ „ 33. Contro coloro, che vanno a sco-
letare sopra li Oliuarij . . ^ 113
„ „ 34. De coloro togliano divari ♦ „ ivi
„ „ 35. Contro quelli tagliono Vite . „ ivi
„ „ 36. Contro quelli tagliano Legna
d'altri „ 114
„ „ 37. De chi ammazzarà, overo ferirà
Animali » ivi
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- 145 -
Lib. DI, Cap. 38. A chi tagliarà la Coda, overo
Orrechia de Anemali . . pag. 115
„ „ 39. Contro coloro gli levaranno le
Pasture » ivi
„ „ 40. Contro quelli li cavai caranno. „ ivi
„ 9 41. Contro chi venderà frutti. . » 116
! „ „ 42. Contro quelli faranno Ogli in Casa „ ivi
„ „ 43. Di salvar li Feni „ ivi
„ „ 44. Che non si possino desviar Famegli,, 117
„ „ 45. Delle pegnore, et Execution
delli debiti „ ivi
„ 46. Delle Condennation . . . . „ 118
„ „ 47. Delle Usure si fanno . . . „ 119
„ „ 48. Degli Fruti „ ivi
„ „ 49. Chi comprano Robbe rubate . „ 120
yy yy 50. Degli HOIU ÌC Ì (1 Ì Ql'ij . . . . „ ÌVÌ
yy yy 51. Degli crudeli Assassini . . „ 121
yy yy 52* Delle Fatture „ ivi
yy yy 53. Degli Falsi Testimonij . . . „ 122
yy yy 54. Contro coloro che tengono Con-
cubine ^ ivi
yy „ 55. Di quelli pigliano doi Muglier „ 123
yy yy 56. Delle Mandate „ ivi
» „ 57. Delle Meritrice „ 124
yy yy 58. Contro quelli si manifestano soli
essendo accusati'. . . . „ ivi
yy yy 59. Quelli che presentarano Nidi de
LOVÌ yy ÌVÌ
yy yy 60. Quelli che doveranno far An-
garie . . ' „ 125
i
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— 146 —
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Ti HO*
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127
130
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132
|
<p>I am currently developing an app with which visitors of an event can take pictures using a webcam and upload them to Facebook using an AS3-application. I know I can connect to Facebook, because I can log the user out using the API and I can get all the information. The problem is that I can't post to their wall for some reason. I keep getting the following error: </p>
<pre><code>error #2032: stream error. url: https://graph.facebook.com/********/feed
</code></pre>
<p>I use the following code to post to Facebook:</p>
<pre><code>private function postFB(e:Event=null):void {
var _params:Object = new Object();
_params.uid = Facebook.getAuthResponse().uid;
_params.access_token = Facebook.getAuthResponse().accessToken;
_params.message = "I was at the Thanksgiving Day Event.";
//_params.picture = _bitmap;
Facebook.api("/me/feed", postComplete, _params, "POST");
}
</code></pre>
<p>As I've said before, I know I am connected to facebook because if I change "POST" to "GET" in my api-call, I get all the information of my account. I have the correct permissions as far as I know (read_stream, publish_stream, user_photos). I use GraphAPI_Web_1_8_1.swc as an api. </p>
<p>The documentation on the entire api is very poor, so I am trying to figure out the problem. It's been a few years since I've tried any of this, so my code has probably aged too far by now. So, any ideas what I'm doing wrong?</p> |
The Cyrillic letter Nyeh (Њ, њ) is a something like a combination of Н and Ь. It is used in Macedonian and Serbian and pronounced like Spanish ñ in "señor" (cf. Polish ń, Czech and Slovak ň). Like Љ, Nje has been created by Vuk Karadžić. |
Purchasing power is a relation between labor and money. Some people have money. Adam Smith says that the purchasing power is the amount of money needed to labour (goods or services) from other people.
Economics |
264 . REY, O. P, CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS.
such as were presented in the specimens of S. Edwardsii; my
doubts were thus dissipated. Nevertheless a decisive circumstance
shortly after occurred, which proved that my first opinion was the
better founded. I received a specimen of the sea-bottom from the
Bay of Colon, Aspinwall, and amongst a great number of shells I
discovered some specimens of a variety of O. liratocinctum. Some
of these were young, others adolescent or adult ; but amongst them
I found a beautiful specimen presenting the three stages of
growth united in the same shell, and exhibiting the same deviation
as that observed in S. Edwardsii, a deviation equally marked in
some specimens in which the primary and second stages only were
united. Tho establishment of such a fact evidently shows that
the species referred to Strebloceras or Phleboceras merely re-
present fortuitous instances of the persistence of the shell of the
primary stage upon that of the second, and sometimes even upon
that of the third, the first and second remaining united to one
-another.as well as to the third.
Descriptions of a New Genus and Six New Specics of Spiders.
By the Rev. O. P. Camsripaz. Communicated by Jamus
Satter, Esq, F.R.S., F.L.S.
(Puare IX.)
[Read June 18, 1868.]
Tntroduction.—1t will be long, probably, before the study of Arach-
nology becomes as popular as that of some other classes of the
“ Articulata.”
‘Spiders and their allies have neither the intrinsic beauty of the
“ Coleoptera ” to attract the collector, nor the varied habits and
transformations of the “ Lepidoptera” to commend them to the
incipient student of Entomology; hence, perhaps, in great mea-
sure, it is that the systematice students of Arachnology in Europe
at the present time may be more than numbered on one’s fingers’
ends, while Coleopterists and Lepidopterists are “legion.”
There are difficulties also in studying the habits of Spiders,
which do not exist in respect to the Lepidoptera generally. The
habits of these latter are commonly to be observed by day,
whereas the majority of the Arachnida are nocturnal ; and then,
again, I think it is true that the habits of the rapacious classes of
REY. O0. P. CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS. 265
creation are in general far less varied and interesting than are
the habits of those which derive their existence from the vege-
table kingdom.
From one cause and another, the home-student of exotic
arachnology has in general but little to offer to science beyond
mere dry scientific descriptions of species, varied perhaps with
the announcement of a new genus, or the construction of a larger
group, under the title of a family, with a new name; no one
will, however, I think, dispute that if this zs all that can bo done,
it is yet some little addition to our knowledge of the class, to place
these descriptions, bald and uninteresting though they may be,
upon record. Of such a nature, I fear, are the descriptions of the
species subjoined. Remarkable, indeed, these species are to the
arachnological eye, in form and details of structure; but they
must unfortunately be presented with very little beyond a mere
statoment of those details.
* Five out of the six species given are from that wonderful
dépôt of singular forms in all branches of Natural History,
Australia; the remaining one is from Ceylon. The first three
species (of the family Mygalides, genus Hriodon, Latr.) form
(with the typical species, Æ. occatorius) a very distinct and well-
marked group, as far as yet known, peculiar to Australia, but
still allied unmistakably to other groups of the same family.
Upon the last two species I have taken the liberty to found a
new genus (Thlaosoma, ONáw, to bruise or crush, and owpa, the
body). This genus I have attached to the family Thomisides, for
the reasons given in the subjoined description. I am, however,
inclined to think that some day or other, when the Araneology of
Australia has been more completely worked out, it will be found
that Thlaosoma is the type of a new and well-characterized family
peculiar to that region of the world.
- I had hoped to be able to include in the present paper a
description and sketches of several other most remarkable species
of another yet undescribed genus, for which I propose the name
Stephanopsis; for this genus I am as yet absolutely at a loss to find
any family relations whatever. All these species are also from
Australia; in fact, judging by analogy of its other animal forms, and
from the above and some other samples of Spiders received from
Australia, the time is probably not far distant when the present
arrangement of Arancidea must open to receive still further
additions to its fundamental groups. Mr. IL. If. Burton Bradley,
266 REV. O. P., CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS.
of Sydney (who has already sent me some very remarkable species
‘yet to be worked out), is now actively engaged in studying and
collecting the Spiders of his neighbourhood; and we may therefore
look forward confidently to some information from him as to the
habits &c. of some of these new forms. To Mr. Bradley I am
indebted for the only information yet obtained as to the habits of
the new genus now described, Thlaosoma, though the value of this
information is chiefly negative, 7. e. merely enabling me to exclude
the genus from the family Epeirides, to which Dr. Ludwig Koch
of Nürnberg supposes it to belong.
The remaining Spider described in the present paper, Phoron-
cidia Thwaitesii, captured in Ceylon by Mr. G. H. K. Thwaites,
is chiefly interesting as being a second species of a genus many
years ago established by Professor Westwood, and, as I appre-
hend, including the only known species of the family Theri-
dides, whose abdominal cuticle is corneous and furnished with
spines; Mr. Thwaites is as yet unable to give me any account of
its habits.
Class ARACHNIDA.
, Order Araneidea,
Family MYGALIDES.
Genus Ertopon (Latr.).
Syn. Gen. :—
Eriodon, Latr. Nouveau Dictionnaire d’ Histoire Naturelle, tom. xxiv.
p. 134 (1804).
Missulena, Walk. Tabl. Des. Ar. p. 8, pl, 2. figs. 11 to 14 (1805).
Eriodon, Latr. Règne An. de Cuv. (1817). Guérin, Iconographie du
Règne Animal, pl. 1. fig. 1 (1828). Latr. Règne An. de Cuv. 2nd edit.
(1829).
Missulena, Walck. Insectes Apt. i. p. 252 (1837).
Eriodon, Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Crust. de France, des Arachn., des Myria,
§c. tom. i. p. 347 (1842) ; An. de la Soc. Entom. 4° série, Bullet. tom. ii.
p.43 (1862). E. Simon, Hist. Nat. des Araign. p. 91 (18641). Lucas,
Annales de la Soc, Ent, de France, 4° série, tom. v. pl. 8. p. 309
(1865).
All the above refer to but one species, Eriodon (Missulena)
occatorius, captured in New South Wales. No other species, as
far as I am aware, has hitherto been recorded ; the present addi-
REV. O. P, CAMBRIDGE ON NBW SPIDERS. : 267
tion, therefore, of two (if not three) new species will be of interest
to arachnologists.
ERIODON FORMIDABILE, n. sp. PI. IX. figs. 1-6.
g adult? Length 12} lines. l
Cephalothorax broad, smooth, shining, entirely free from hairs, almost
squarely truncate in front, flattened behind in thoracic portion; caput
rises almost perpendicularly from thorax, length of its base occupying
nearly two-thirds of the length of cephalothorax, occiput rounded,
upper part of caput forms a level platform occupied by the eyes.
Eyes very minute, in three groups; a group of three in a triangle occu-
pies each upper fore corner of caput, and midway between these two
groups two other eyes form a third; the eyes of this third group
are near the fore margin of caput, but not so near it as is the foremost
eye of each of the lateral triangular groups; these two foremost eyes
slightly the largest of the eight. ie. ae |
Legs short, very strong, especially those of third and fourth pairs, fur-
nished sparingly with hairs, fine granulations, and à few very short
spines on metatarsi, tibiæ, and genua of third pair; spines on tibis ,
form a transverse row near their. fore extremity ; legs of hinder
pair were wanting in the specimen described; relative length appeared
to be 4, 3, 2, 1.
Falces very strong and massive, nearly equal to cephalothorax in length;
they occupy the whole breadth and depth of caput; profile arched.
A powerful slightly curved, black fang folds, when at rest, obliquely
inwards beneath falces ; inner sides and extremities of falces furnished
with long dark golden-brown hairs; near extremities on inner side a
cluster of black spines similar to those on falces of species of Cte-
niza (Latr.); these spines are almost hidden by hairs.
Mazille broad, massive, nearly straight, obliquely truncate at extremi-
ties, leaving outer extreme corners long and round-pointed, furnished
with hairs, like falces, especially on their inner sides and towards ex-
tremities. | :
Labium, long, narrowish, straight, slightly rounded at apex, which
reaches just to the inner ahd upper corner of maxillæ, and is, like
them, furnished with hairs.
- Sternum. Owing to peculiar insertion of labium, sternum appears to be
strongly notched at upper end; it is of a broad oval form, rather
broadest behind ; some grooves, which radiate towards centre, corre-
spond to the number of legs.
The colour of all the above parts is a deep rich brown tinged
with reddish ; legs rather the darkest.
Abdomen. This, though shrunken, appeared to be small, and of a
dark sooty-brown colour, sparingly furnished with coarsish hairs ;
spinners 6, short, two outer ones very strong.
268 s REV. O. P. CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS.
Palpi spring from lower outer corner of maxillæ; one was entirely
wanting ; of the other but two joints remained ; these were short and
strong. From the absence of palpi and the shrunken condition of ad-
domen the sex of this spider could not be-certainly ascertained ; but
Ti imagine it to have been an adult male.
. The specimen described is in the “ Hope Collection” in the
University Museum at Oxford; it was without label, but was
believed to have come from New Holland.
. By the kindness and courtesy of Professor Westwood, M.A.,
Curator of the Entomological. Collections in the Oxford Mu.
seum, I am enabled to publish descriptions of the present and
many other interesting species of spiders contained in the collec-
tions under his charge.
ERIODON GRANULOSUM, n. sp. PI. IX. figs. 7-13.
g ad. Length 7 lines.
. In general form and structure this species resembles Æ.
formidabile; it is, however, much smaller; its falces are longer
in proportion to the length of cephalothorax, which latter por-
tion is rough or granulous, especially on the caput, which is
almost tuberculate. Caput less elevated than in formidable, but
the occiput more prominent and semicircular. Cephalothorax
altogether broader in proportion, and its margins also are gra-
nulose.
Eyes. Four intermediate ones more Mealy | in a straight line than i in
the former species; nor are the three groups into which they may
be separated so distinct from each other.
Legs longer, but relative length apparently similar, furnished with
hairs, some of which are rather long; there are also some black
spines of different lengths beneath the metatarsi and tibiæ.
Palpi long aud strong; humeral joint curved upwards and inwards, and
slightly recurved at extremity; cubital joint clavate; radial much
longer, greatly but gradually enlarging from either end to the mid-
dle on underside; digital short, bifid, or strongly notched at extre-
mity on inner side; palpal organs consist of a circular lobe pro-
longed gradually into a long spine, which ends in a fine slightly
curved point ; at the base of this lobe, on the inner side, is another
smaller one, or, rather, an enlargement of the former. . Colour of
cephalothorax, both above and below, black, as is also that of the
legs and palpi; the latter have strong steel-blue reflections in certain
lights.
Falces black towards extremities, on outer sides dark reddish in colour,
very powerful and massive, equal in length to cephalothorax; a cluster
REV. O. P. CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS. 269
of strongish black spines (similar to those mentioned in description of
E. formidabile) towards the upper extremities of falces.
Abdomen small, of a sooty black-brown colour, clothed with hairs, among
which are some much longer than others. |
The specimen above described is in the Hope Coll. Univ. Mus.
Oxford, and is labelled “ Swan River.”
ERIODON CRASSUM, n. sp. PI. X. figs. 14-16.
Q. Length 73 lines.
This species is similar in general re and appearance to E.
Jormidabile ; but, independently of size, it may at once be distin-
guished by the much shorter proportion of its falces compared
with cephalothorax, and by the different relative position of the
eyes, which are also proportionally larger, especially the front
one of each lateral triangular ‘group; this eye is also situated
much nearer the lower margin of caput. Taking this eye as tho
apex of the triangle, the space between the two eyes forming
its base is equal to that between the inner one of these two and
that one of the two central eyes on its side, whereas in both Æ.
Sormidabile and E. granulosum the space between the two at the
base of the triangle is considerably less ; and thus the eyes in the
present species are more equally spread over the fore part of the
caput, and consequently the side groups occupy a larger space.
Falces about equal in length to that of caput, and, like the two former
species, armed near inner extremity of uppersides with a. group of
spines.
Legs similar in length and proportion to those of E. formidabile.
The abdomen, in the specimen described, was too much shrunken
and damaged to afford any exact characters; it appeared to be
of a dark dull-brown colour, hairy, and with a sort of reddish
plate or shield on the centre of the upperside.
A single 2 in Hope Coll., Oxford Univ. Museum, labelled
“Swan River.” This species is very nearly allied to the typical
species Z. occatorius (Walk.), but is smaller, and appears to differ
also in other respects ; ; it is possible, however, that the capture
of other specimens of both sexes may prove it to be identical
with that species.
In all the three species above described the specimens were
dried and pinned; and so it was impossible to make any very
accurate observations in respect to the length of the legs, or
the spinners, or spiracular orifices: these last, according to M.
Lucas, in his observations on C. occatorius (loc. cit. suprà, 1865),
270 REV. 0. P. CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS.
appear to resemble in number and position those of this family
in gencral,
Family THERIDIDES.
Genus PuoroncrprA ( Westwood).
PHORONCIDIA THWAITESH, n. sp. Pl IX. figs. 17-22.
Q. Length 24 lines.
Cephalothorax broad, round, and convex behind, elongate, elevated, and
prominent at caput; colour dark shining brown-black,
Eyes at extremity, and on sides, of prominence of caput; four central
ones form a square rather broadest in front; two on either side are
placed obliquely and (when cephalothorax is looked at in profile) on
a level with the two foremost eyes of central square ; foremost eye
of each lateral pair very near that on its side which forms fore
corner of square ; thus on either side of fore part of prominence is a
slightly curved row of three eyes; those of fore central pair are
largest.
Legs. Relative length 1, 4, 2,3; moderately long, slender; those of
fourth pair rather shorter than those of first pair ; and those of third
pair rather shortest; those of first pair, with tibiæ and tarsi of
of the rest black, furnished sparingly with hairs; remaining joints
of second, third, and fourth pairs pale yellowish-brown.
Palpi very short, slender; similar in colour to the legs.
Mazille strong, moderate in length, slightly enlarged towards the
extremities, where they are rather obliquely truncate on outer
sides, inclined towards Zabium—which is broad, and circular at
apex. - . - 7 |
Falces short, moderately strong; sternum heart-shaped, truncate at
fore extremity.
Abdomen, when looked at from above, subangular in front, broader
and truncate behind, convex above, conical beneath, spinners form-
ing apex of cone; cuticle corneous, similar to spiders of genus
Gasteracantha, &c.; furnished with nine longish prominent black
spines, varying in relative length—two in front, one on either side,
slightly curved and pointmg forwards and outwards; behind each
of these is another straight one, pointing upwards and outwards;
behind again, at each hind angle of abdomen, is another, slightly
curved, pointing outwards; these are longest of the nine; and
midway between them is a straight one directed backwards and
slightly upwards; beneath that, at each hind angle, is another,
slightly curved, pointing backwards and downwards; colour of abdo-
men reddish yellow; minutely punctuose, the punctures forming a
somewhat peculiar and regular pattern on upperside; at the fore
extremity of the upperside is a black subtriangular patch.
REV. O0. P. CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS. 27L
A single specimen of this remarkable spider (contained in a
small collection of interesting species made by Mr. G. H. K.
Thwaites, of Ceylon) is in the Hope Coll., University Museum,
Oxford.
This genus, which appears to have escaped the attention of
arachnologists in general, was established by Professor West-
wood some years ago upon a very remarkable adult ¢ specimen
received by him from Malabar (Phoroncidia aculeata, Westw.
Zool. Journ. vol. v. p. 452, pl. xxii. fig. 19).
The similarity, at first sight, of this spider to those of fam.
Epeirides, genera Gasteracantha and Acrosoma, appears to have
led Professor Westwood to the conclusion that it also belonged
to the same family ; the form, however, of the cephalothorax, as
well as the structure of the maxillæ and labium, would seem to
place it more properly in the family Theridides, to which
family it is also closely united by the position of the eyes and
the relative length and slenderness of the legs.
The genus Phoroncidia, in fact, appears to bear the same rela-
tion to the family Theridides as Gasteracantha and Acrosoma &c.
to the family Epeïrides. No notice appears to have been taken
of the habits of Phoroncidia aculeata or of the present species
P. Thwaitesii; but, if I am right in supposing it to belong to the
Theridides, I should expect to hear of its forming (not as is the
habit of all the Epeirides) a geometric web, but an irregular onc
among the shoots and branches of low trees and plants. The two
species, P. aculeata and P. Thwaitesii, strikingly different in
colour, markings, and number of spines, resemble each other
very nearly in form of cephalothorax, position of eyes, and struc-
ture and form of maxillæ and labium.
Family THOMISIDES.
Genus THLAOSOMA, nov. gen.
Characters of genus :—
Cephalothorax tuberculate-spinous ; caput elongate, but not ele-
vated; hinder portion of thorax much higher than caput.
Abdomen globular and elevated, with a deep fold or impression
on hinder part, as if shrunken in or bruised inwards.
Mawille short, strong, slightly inclined to labium, obliquely
truncate on outer sides at extremity, outer corners rounded off,
inner ones pointed.
272 REV. O. P. CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS.
Labium very broad, short, rounded at corners of apex, which is
_ rather less broad than base, and very slightly hollowed.
Falces long; inserted far back beneath caput, greatly inclined to
labium.
Legs of first two pairs long ; of two hinder pairs short ; relative
length 2, 1, 4, 3; but little difference between 2 xl 1, and
4 and 3.
F, yes eight, not very unequal in size; four in a square at extre-
mity of caput, surrounding a al conical prominence; two
others on either side of caput are nearly contiguous and
slightly obliquely seated on a tubercle.
-‘THLAOSOMA DUBIUM, n. sp. PI. IX. figs, 25-35.
Q. Length 53 lines.
Cephalothorax broad, elevated behind and sloping forwards to the eyes,
hind slope moderate, narrower in front than behind; caput issues
forwards abruptly, to some length, leaving a kind of obtuse shoulder
on either side at its junction with thorax; surface of cephalothorax
` uneven; two small somewhat circular humps in a transverse line on
hinder part of caput, with a longitudinal indentation between them ;
a little behind each of these is a deep, curved, longitudinal indentation.
Thorax irregularly and thinly covered with tubercular and somewhat
spiny granules; these are most conspicuous in the lines of the above-
mentioned humps and indentations. Caput ends in a conical pro-
minence at its fore extremity, between the four central eyes. Colour
deep chocolate-brown, margins yellowish.
Eyes 8, small, not very unequal in size ; four form a square at extremity
of caput; the two forming the fore side of square rather largest ;
lateral pairs considerably removed from the central four, and the eyes
composing each very small, seated slightly obliquely on a tubercle,
and occupying about the same general line as the four central
eyes.
Legs. Relative length 2,1,4,3; those of first two pairs much the longest,
but of nearly equal length ; those of the third and fourth pairs much
shorter, but also nearly equal to each other in length; all extend
laterally ; femora of first two pairs very large and strong and armed
on undersides with a double longitudinal row of short stoutish
tubercular spines, some smaller spines also occupy the extreme
third portion of the surface on the outer sides of the same joints.
Colour of this portion, also of the general joints, and a considerable
portion at the extremities of the tibiæ, of a deeper brown than the
cephalothorax ; the remainder yellow ; the yellow portions of femora
have an oblique patch of brown on their outer or fore sides; and the
brown portions at hinder extremity, or base, of tibiæ have an oblique
REV. O. P. CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS. 273
yellow patch in a corresponding position; extremities of metatarsi,
and whole of tarsi, of a paler brown; breadth of tibiz not more than
one-third that of femora; two hinder pairs of legs very similar to the
fore ones in respect to. colour, but (as before observed) not nearly so
long, nor so strong; nor is there anything like the same relative dis-
proportion between the lengths of the tibia and femora; those of
first pair a little shorter than those of second; and those of fourth
pair a little longer than those of third; all are thereby furnished with
very short yellowish grey hairs, and each tarsus ends with two curved
black claws; those on tarsi of the two hinder pairs small; but one of
those on tarsi of two fore pairs is disproportionately large and strqng
in comparison with the other; it curves sharply near its base, whence
to its point it is nearly straight.
Palpi short, strong, similar to the legs in colour.
Faices long, tolerably strong, inserted at some little distance behind
fore extremity of caput, and much inclined backwards.
Maxille short, strong, obliquely truncate at extremities, of which the
outer corners are rounded, the inner ones sharp; slightly inclined to-
wards labium, which is very broad, short, rounded at corners of ipes
where it is a little depressed or hollow in centre.
Sternum oval, truncate before, pointed behind; this part, together with —
the labium, maxillæ, and falces, is similar to the cephalothorax in
colour. . |
Abdomen much elevated, projects greatly over base of cephalothorax ;
it is of a globular form, crushed or bruised in behind; near the
upper corner of the bruise, on either side, is a small blunt tubercular
prominence.
I should have considered that the bruised-in appearance of the
abdomen was fortuitous, the result perhaps of the shrinking of the
cuticle, had it not been precisely similar in several specimens of
two very distinct species ; in the species now under consideration
there were specimens both dried and in spirit, but all possessing
this very characteristic form of the abdomen. Its colour is yellow
mixed with different shades of brown and black, and with some
small tufts of whitish scale-like hairs here and there on upper
part and sides: those in the living spider probably form a more
or less regular pattern; but the specimens that have come under
my notice were not sufficiently well preserved iñ this respect to
enable me to trace the pattern satisfactorily.
Two females in a dry state, and one in spirit, are in the Hope
Collection, at the Oxford University Museum. The British-
Museum Collection also contains several dry specimens; all have
been received from New Holland: since examining them, I have
274 REV. O. P. CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS.
received one from Sydney, N. S. W., kindly sent me by Mr. H.
Burton Bradley, from whom I have also received some other very
interesting and as yet undescribed species of other genera.
Independently of the singular form of the abdomen, this Spider
‘possesses characters so peculiar that it seemed necessary to found
new genus for its reception. From the disposition of its eyes it
bears great resemblance to the Epeirides; but the laterally ex-
tended legs, and their relative length, link it more decidedly to
the Thomisides, of which family, however, its maxillæ and labium
and other generic characters separate it from all the hitherto
characterized genera. Dr. Ludwig Koch, of Nürnberg, has de-
scribed a Spider *, perhaps of this genus (but I think certainly of a
different species), as belonging to the family Epeirides, genus
Cyrtogaster (Keyserling) ; but upon referring to Keyserling’st de-
scription and characters of the genus Cyrtogaster, I feel but little
doubt that it is a wholly different one from that here described.
Keyserling’s Spider is evidently of the family Epeirides, and
closely allied to Acrosoma (Perty). Since writing the above, I
have heard from Mr. H. B. Bradley that Thlaosoma dubia spins
no web, but lives beneath folded leaves. This habit entirely bears
me out in excluding it from the family Epeïrides ; and the absence
of web is another point in common with spiders of the family
Thomisides.
THLAOSOMA DISTINCTUM, n. sp. Pl. IX. figs. 36-38.
©. Length 3} lines.
This species, in general form, structure, and appearance, re-
sembles 7. dubium, as also in the position of the eyes and relative
length of the legs; but it is much smaller (7. e. if the specimen
from which this description is made was adult, which could not be
satisfactorily ascertained from the dry specimen). It differs from
T. dubium also in the tubercular prominences on the upper hind
corners of the abdomen being much longer and more pointed, and
in having a very distinct pattern on the upper, or forward, side of
the abdomen, formed by lines of pure white, longish, scaly hairs,
enclosing various irregularly triangular spaces of deep chocolate-
* Cyrtogaster excavata.(L.. Koch), Beschreib. neuer Arachniden u. Myriap.
aus den Verhandlungen d. k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien
(Jahrgang 1867), besonders abgedruckt: Vorgelegt in der Sitzung vom 2, Jänner
1867, p. 175.
‘+ Beschreib. neuer u. wenig bekannter Arten aus der Familie Orbitelsx (Latr.),
oder Epeïridæ (Sund.) (Sitzungsberichte der Isis zu Dresden, 1863, p. 83).
REV. O0. P. CAMBRIDGE ON NEW SPIDERS. 275
brown on a paler yellowish-brown ground ; three of these patches,
or spaces, are nearly contiguous in the median line, a large one in
front and two smaller ones immediately behind ; some small tufts
of white hairs also occupy the sides, hinder portion, and other
parts of the abdomen; the upperside generally is sparingly
covered with very minute white hairs ; the sides and hind portion
are yellow-brown, irregularly marked and mottled with black-
brown; legs brownish, banded with yellow; spines on the under-
sides of femora longer and more slender than in T. dubium.
A single female of this species is in the Hope Collection,
University Museum, Oxford, received from New Holland. Í
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IX.
Eriodon formidabile.
Fig. 1. Profilo of cophalothorax and falces.
Fig. 2. Maxillæ, labium, and sternum.
Fig. 3. Front view of cophalothorax, showing rolativo position and size of eye.
Fig. 4. Cephalothorax and falces from behind and above.
Fig. 5. Perspective outline of falces and cephalothorax.
Fig. 6. Natural length of Spider.
Eriodon granulosum.
Figs. 7,8 & 9. Left palpus in different positions.
Fig. 10. Cephalothorax and falces from behind and above.
Fig. 11. Ditto from front, showing relative size and position of eyes.
Fig. 12. Profile of Spider, with legs and palpi removed.
Fig. 13. Natural length of Spider.
Eriodon crassum,
Fig. 14. Profile of cephalothorax and falces.
- Fig. 15. Cephalothorax from front, showing relative size and position of eyes.
Fig. 16. Natural length of Spider.
Phoroncidia Thwaitesii.
Fig. 17. View of Spider from above.
Fig. 18. Ditto in profile. ,
Fig. 19. Cephalothorax and falces from front.
Fig. 20, Maxillæ, labium, and sternum.
Fig. 21. Enlarged profile of cephalothorax. _
Fig. 22. Natural length of Spider.
P, aculeata (Westw.).
Fig. 23. Profile of cephalothorax.
Fig. 24. Maxillæ, labium, and sternum,
276 © MR. F. WALKER ON HOMOPTERA
Thlaosoma dubium.
Fig. 25. Relative position of eyes.
Fig. 26. Perspective view of fore part of caput, falces, maxillæ, and labium.
Fig. 27, Ditto of cephalothorax. ;
Fig. 28. Cephalothorax and abdomen from above and behind.
Fig. 29, Profile of cephalothorax and falces.
Fig. 30. Cephalothorax from above and behind, a more enlarged view.
- Fig. 81. Leg of first pair.
Fig. 32. Underside, showing fore part of caput, falces, maxilla, and labium.
Fig. 33. Palpi and sternum, natural size.
Fig. 34. Profile of Spider, with legs removed, from a different specimen.
Fig. 35, Natural length.
` T. distinctum.,
Fig. 86. View of Spider, from above.
Fig. 37. Profile of cephalothorax and abdomen.
Fig. 38. Natural length.
Catalogue of the Homopterous Insects collected in the Indian
Archipelago by Mr. A. R. Waxtaos, with descriptions of New
Species. By Francois Warker, Esq., F.LS.
(Continued from p. 193.)
Fam. CICADELLINA, Burm.
Tribe LÆvVIPEDES, Amyot et Serv.
Subtribe CERCOPIDES, Amyot et Serv.
Gen. Purtaara, Stal.
287. PurLacra Dovucuasi, Stal, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 3rd ser. i.
593.
Hab. Batchian.
288. PHILAGRA Scorrt, Stal, Trans, Ent, Soc. Lond. 3rd ser. i. 594.
Hab. Batchian.
Gen. Crencorts, Fabr.
289. CERCOPIS SPECTABILIS, Burm. Nov. Act. aa? Med. Nat. TE
xvi. Suppl. 304, pl. 41. f. 8.
Hab. Sumatra; inhabits also the Philippine Isles.
290. Cercoris PLANA, Walk, Cat. Hom. iii. 653.
Hab. Penang; inhabits also Java.
291. CERCOPIS UNDULIFERA. Fem. Nigra, capite vitta incisa tes-
__ Linn.Soe.lourn Zol. VolK ke 9.
|
del
w =
O.P Cambridge del. l ue G.Jarman sc.
|
Eliza Jane Scanlen (born 6 January 1999) is an Australian actress. She first became known for her role as Tabitha Ford in the Seven Network soap opera Home and Away (2016). She then notably played Amma Crellin in the HBO miniseries Sharp Objects (2018). Her movie credits include Babyteeth (2019), Little Women (2019) and The Devil All the Time (2020).
Scanlen was born in Sydney, New South Wales. She has a fraternal twin sister named Annabel.
References
Other websites
1999 births
Living people
Actors from Sydney
Australian movie actors
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Twin people from Australia |
1
Arxiu Central Lírich-Dramàtich
D. RAFEL RIBAS
Carrer d.- la r'Nli \ núm. ~>, pis P..
PROVERBI EN UN ACTE Y EN VERS
PRIGINAL· DE
J. RIERA Y BERTRAN
e @ I
BARCELONA
TIPOGRAFÍA DE BASEDA Y GIRÓ
Villarroel, i 7
01
SI FA Ó NO Fi..
-<
SI FA 0 NO FÍ...
PROVERBI EN UN ACTE Y EN VERS
pi^IGINAL DE '
J. I[IERA Y BERTRÀI(
Estrenat ab molt éczit en lo TEATRO CATALÀ, instalat en
lo de RoMEA, la nit del 3 de novenibre de 1881
BARCELONA
ARXIU CENTRAL LÍRICH-DRAMÀTICH DE D. RAFEL RIBAS
■ UNIÓ, NÚMERO 5, PIS TERCER
18S1
OBRAS CATALANAS DEL AUTOR
CARITAT , drama en 4 actes y en vers.
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HISTORIA DEL SITI DE GIRONA EN 1809. (l)
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DEU NARRACIONS. (1)
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EN PREMPSA
NOVELAS PREMIADAS
^1) Obra premiada.
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(3) Música de D. Joseph Rodoreda; dibuixos de D. Ape-
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R. JJ. JlDUART J^ULÉS
Molt senyor mèu y amich : ^
Aquest proverbi pertany à un genero quals drets d' intro-
•duíció , en lo teatro català , ningú pot disputar ni regatejar al
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tras comedias que fan bon costat à las mencionadas.
Per çó , y contant no oféndrel , lo poso baix la clientela,
ja que no puga colocarlo entre la familia literària de vostè.
Deu saber que la present comedieta, totamèva, — conce-
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na , com deu saber igualment que jo , mès que vostè, he ne-
^cesitat una excelent eczecució per part dels actors. Y nom' ha
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lO de novembre de 1S81 .
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L' acció en Barcelona: avuy.
Lo Director del Arxiu Central Llrich-Dramàtich es 1' únich
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Queda fet lo depòsit que nrarca la lley pe 'Is efectes de pro-
pietat.
BARCELONA
ESTABLIMENT TIPOGRiFICH DF BASEDA Y GIRÓ
ViLLARROEL , I 7 . — ENSANXE
ACTE ÚNICH.
Duas habitacions separadas per una paret. La de la dreta
del espectador, pròpia de Sofia, es mès gran que la de Ca-
milo. Porta al foro y lateral en cada una. En una y al-
tra, moblatje bastant decent.— En la de Camilo, una tau-
leta-escriptori, ab papers en desordre, y una petita llibre-
ria desordenada; un caballet de pintor al centro y de
cairell , ab retrato al oli , à punt d' acabarse; caixa de
pinturas oberta, pinzells, cuadrets, estudis, etc— En la de
Sofia, taula d calaixera, sofà, piano, y, en primer terme^
una tauleta decusir ab panera de flors artificials, acaba-
das unas, y a mitj fer altras.
ESCENA I.
SOFIA, CAMILO. En las respectivas habitacions. La primera
tocant lo piàno; lo segon , pintant lo cuadro-retrato co
mensat.— Pausa. — Camilo escolta ab atenció, y, cuan Sofia
acaba detocar^ comensa ell à declamar. Mentres tant, So-
fia estudia la solfa, provantla al piano, sense fer soroll.
Camilo. i No 'n tinch cap dupte , cap dupte!
Sí : son las mateixas veus
del mèu ex-piano. . . jliifelís
company que feyas un temps
las delicias de ma vida,
ja que prop no 't tinch y 't veig,
à lo ménos cada dia
puga sentirte concerts ! (Pansa. >
è, Qui sab si la suonatrice
tè com las mans el pamet?
feQui sab si Ms ulls y la boca
s' expressan tan cayament ? . . .
l Qui sab si ab boqueta y ulls
toca com ab los ditets?
l Qui sab si, com als pedals,
fà donà espressió al cor sèu?
{Cessa 'l piano.)
Per de prompte, se m' ha dit
qu' es professora. . . Pleguém.
~ 8 -
SOFÍA.
Camilo .
SoFÍA.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Camilo .
SoFÍA.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Camilo .
i Dato atrós, dato infernal ! . . .
I Professora! Es dí, estaferm.
Sí, senyors; las professoras,
— salvo 1 parer de vostès, —
sempre son Uetjas . . . Pró /, à mi
qué se me 'n dona?. . . Cambiém
de color. Es massa fort
aquest tó. . . Ara està bè. {Prova.}
i Ay, quin tó y quina carrera
mès endiastrada, Dèu mèu!
Pero aném provant : jo tinch
de dominaria. Provém.
(Se posa d tocar y d cantar ah veu baixa . )
Mi, fa, sol, do, re, mi, sol, la. . .
è A mi qué 'm íà? No 'm fà. . .
{Retocant lo cuadro . )
Re; (Provant.)
mi, sol, do, re, mi, fa. . .
Sol
vaig quedar, y 'm va tan bè
ab la mèva viudedat,
que fóra un ton to, un ximplet
si tornaba à pensà en dona s. . .
Si, si, si. . . (Id.y
i Cà! no pot ser.
N' hi hà prou ab una vegada.
La reincidència es un fet
que '1 Códich penal castiga
y. . . no vull ser reincident.
Sol, la, si, mi, fa, sol. . . (Id.)
No.
Tant si fà sol, com si neu
va cayent, no m' embolico.
Tornéume '1 ral: no vull més
comèdia. — Sòch ja un artista
conegut, y 1 noyet mèu,
qu' es la cosa que podria
fermhi caure , es ja grandet
y no necessita donas
que '1 cuidin .
Si, si, si.. . i^d')
Estèm '
atravessant una críssis
de donas, que no 'is dich rés!
Es clà; aixó del libre-cambi
es tan ferós, tan crüel...
i Y 'Is que som proteccionistas
de la dona escassejém
tant ! . . . No, no; encara que 'm surti
r àngel. . . mès àngel del cel,
no 'm deixo posar casaca
ni casacot.
SoFÍA. Si, si... — Aquet (Provant.)
si 'm donarà un que sentir.
Camilo. No, no, no. Ara un xich de vert.
(Pinta.)
SoFÍA. Al fí podré dominarte.
i Quin arpegi tan dolent !
M' he compromès à tocar
aquesta pessa al concert
de demà, y. . . es cuestid d' honra. . .
(S' aixeca.)
í Oh ! Y que hi deurà ser V Albert
Montal: un jove de prendas
que se m' ha declarat tres,
quatre ó cinch vegadas ja;
y qu' es rich, molt caballer. . .
Pero. . . es un home, ^m' entenen?
Es home, y . . . ; cà ! no 'm convé.
Viudedat, sòta '1 téu mantó
estich bé, pero tan bé,
que ni à tiros vull anàrmen:
díguinho per tot arréu.
Rés d' homes; ab un n' hi hà prou
per aborrir à tots ells;
ab un n' hi hà prou per compendre
que 'Is homes de tot arréu
son. . . germans de Meíistófeles,
per més que no ho semblin gens.
Home es sinònim de febra,
de guerra , de fam , de set ;
es dir,, de totas las plagas
d' Egipte y de moltas més.
I Cà! Tinch la nena grandeta
y no 'm fan falta per rés.
Hi hà críssis.. . Sí: hi hà una críssis
d' homes, que no té remey.
ESCENA II.
CAMILO, SOFÍA, la CRIADA. Ea 1' habitació deia segona.
Criada. Senyora...
SoFÍA. i Qué vols ?
Criada . Acaban
de dú aquesta carta . (Li entre ga . )
SoFÍA . i Qué ? (Somrihent . )
Es de la tia. Veyàm
lo que 'm diu.
(La Criada retira y Sofia 's posa d llegir, per ella.,
la carta, ah somrís creixent . )
- 10 ~
ESCENA IIL
SOFIA, CAMILO. Desprès lo CRIAT. En la habitació d' elL
Camilo. Està bè. Crech
que r he ensopegat de tó.
(Mirant V efecte del cuadro.)
.{Alsat) — iNoy, noy! {Cridant.)
Cria't.^ ' ïQué se li ofereix?
' {Molt calmós. )
Camilo. Dígam: ^has averiguat
de qui es. . . ?
Criat. Sí, senyor: es
d' una mestra de musica
que desd' ahi s' ha establert
aquí al costat.
Camilo. ^ ; Bè.
Criat. 'I'!' i Ja ha vist
una carta que "1 correu
d' avuy li ha portat ?
Camilo. No. j Ah ! sí.
{Distret ah lo cuadro.}
I Bravo ! — Ara la 1 legirè .
Pots anàrten .
{Lo Criat se retira. Camilo pren una carta de sobre la
taida, la desclou y llegeix, murmurant y riguent
de tant en tant . )
ESCENA IV.
SOFÍA, CAMILO. La primera acaba de llegir la carta.
SoFÍA. ; Ja, ja, ja!
i Pobra tia ! . . . Es lo tercer
desengany que se 't prepara.
Ella 'Is busca. . . i Qué hi farém!
Cuant mès la veig empenyada
en casarme, 'm sento mès
empenyada en contrariar
aquest empenyo que tè.
;Cà, tia, cà! No s' esborran
los mals recorts fàcilment !
{Se posa d arreglar flors, etc.)
Càmilo. i Ja, ja, ja! i No m' embolico,
no m' embolico, amich mèul
Mès val portà americana
que casaca per tot temps.
Sò' demòcrata: ^.no ho sabs? •
y la casaca ... ; Fà vent !
Lïbre Espana, feliz, independiente ,
se abrió al cartaginés incautamente .
- 11 -
Jo sò' Espanya y no vull dona,
que fóra '1 cartaginés : *
venent amor entraria
y 'm llevaria la pell .
Jo no veneh ma independència
de viudo per cap diner.
I Bè- n' hi hà prou d' homes que 's venen
à las donas ó al gobern,
ó al moro Muza ! Jo . . . passo .
Vaig à dirli. (Disposaittse d escriure.)
No: desprès.
{Deixa la ploma y s' alsa.)
Ara anémsen à tornar. . . (Repensantse .)
Fémnos un poch de toilette.
{Entra per la porta lateral.)
ESCENA V.
SOFÍA. Tot seguit la CRIADA.
SoFÍA. íNoya! {Cridantla .)
Criada. Senyora...
SoFÍA. ^Qui sab
si vas à buscaria?
Criada . Crech
qu' es molt d' hora.
SoFÍA. Si, peró...
m' anyoro cuan no la veig.
I Pobra nena del mèu cor !
Criada. ^ Vol que hi vagi ?
SoFÍA. No: primer
me portaràs F esmorzar.
Criada. ^Li serviré aquí?
SoFÍA. Al moment ^
qu' estiga. Si hi hà algú, avísam,
com de costum .
Criada. Hofarè.
l Tè que manarme altra cosa ?
SoFÍA. Rés mès.
escena vi.
SOFÍA, CAMILO. Arreglat, ab barret à una mà.
Camilo.
SoFÍA.
Vaja, ja estich llest.
Preparat à veure un drach.
A la una. . . à las dos . . . Marxém .
• {Se fica 7 barret y se 'n va pe 7 fora.)
Lo millor serà que, en compte
d' escriure, de viva veu
digui jo à la mèva tia
— 12 -
aquest vespre '1 no pot ser.
i Pobra tia, pobra tia!
i Sufrí '1 desengany tercer
als vuyt dias de rebut
lo segon ! Es molt crüel ;
pero mès crüel seria,
senyors, que jo 'm suicidès:
tots vostès ho sentirian
y jo mès que tots vostès.
ESCENA VII.
SOFIA, la CRIADA.
Criada. Senyora... {Besde la porta del foro.y
SoFÍA. ^ Altre cop? (Amohinada.)
Criada . Hi hà un jove
que demana per vostè .
SoFÍA. ^ Un jove?
Criada. Diu qu' es vehí
del costat.
SoFÍA. Qu' entri.
Criada. Està bè.
Ja pot passar. (Aí /bro.)
ESCENA VIII.
SOFÍA, CAMILO. En 1' habitació deia primera.
Camilo.
SOFÍ A .
Camilo .
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SoFÍA.
Camilo.
^Permís dona?
(Aturat d la porta del fondo . )
Endevant.
Servidor. (jBah!
{Adelantantse.}
Déu n' hi dò. . . pe 1s dias de feyna.)
Vostè dirà.
Al moment vaig.
Ahi vaig tenir la sort,
la. . . felís... facilitat. ..
No: felicitat vull dir.. .
(i quina mala lletra faig!)
de trobà aquest brassalet
à r escala, tot muntant,
y avuy he tingut la ditxa
de sabé es de vostè.
iAh!
i Per què està dret? Segui,
SoFÍA. (No es antipàtich . )
Gracias.
{Sentantse . )
- 13 —
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SOPÍA.
Camilo.
SoFÍA.
Camilo .
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SoFÍA.
Camilo .
SoFÍA.
Camilo .
SoFÍA .
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SoFÍA.
Camilo .
Veurà
si es de vostè, com m' han dit.
{Li entrega 'Vhrassalet.)
Sí, senyor, si. Si li cal
alguna prova ... {Lo posa d la taula . )
La prova
la tinch, y bona.
^Sí?
Es clar:
r hermosura de vostè.
lOh!...
Es cosa molt natural
qu' un preciós brassalet siga
per un preciosíssim bras.
{Sofia 's fa baixar una manega de la bata . )
No cal que 's baixi la mànega:
cuant més me 1 vulga amagar,
més lo veuré.
Es molt amable.
^ Jo amable? Està en un engany,
senyoreta. — i Senyoreta, {Pausa . )
oy?
Nó: senyora.
i Ah ! /, Està
casada?
No.
(I Hum!)
Sòch viuda,
i Quina ditxa ! (Ab entussiasme .)
i Ho creu ?
Veurà:
judico per mi.
i Ah! i vostè?. . .
Tinch la gran felicitat, {Msantse.)
tinch la ditxa de las ditxas
que pot r home ambicionar,
formant part del mateix gremi
de que vostè forma part.
Si, senyora: tinch la sort
gran, inmensa, colossal,
d' estar ab la més escassa
minoria en societat,
pero minoria digna
del respecte universal.
Sòch viudo, y ho dich, senyora,
ab lo cap més dret y alsat
que diria sòch un Goya,
un Velazquez. un Rembrandt,
ún Calderón de la Barca,
6 un Calderón embarcat,
un Donizzetti, un nou Wagner ,
un Chopin y. . . un tots plegats.
- 14 -
Sòch viudo; es à dir, no tinch
dona que 'm fassi rabiar.
Sòch viudo: es à dir, no sento
las impaciencias fatals,
las ilusions embusteras
dels que no s' han casat may.
Sòch viudo; es à dir, no passo
los sustos, las ansietats,
los desesperes terribles
dels infelissos casats,
que, cuan ménos s' ho íiguran,
se tenen i ay ! d' aixamplar
los sombreros, los bolets
y flns los estrenya-caps !
Sòch viudo, sòch tot un rey,
pero un rey de dret humà:
rey que tronat me puch veure,
pero jamay destronat. {S' assenta.)
SoFÍA. ^De modo qu' està content
deserho? '
Camilo . i 'M vol agraviar ?
Senyora, al aucell mès nano,
mes" inofensiu del camp
diguili si està content
d'e la sèva llibertat,
y, agraviat de la pregunta,
l sab r aucellet qué farà ?
SoFÍA. No.
Camilo . Li darà un cop de bech
que pot ser li farà sanch .
{Moviment de Sofia, apartantse .)
No temi: jo, per fortuna,
no tinch bech per pessigar.
No temi, y alguns moments
escolti.
Estich escoltant.
{Pausa.)
Jo era dels del déu per cent.
No cpmprench . . .
Ja 'm compendrà.
De cent marits sòls n' hi hà deu
que serveixin per casats.
iAh!
Y jo estaba entre aquets ... ; Oh !
créguim, que dich la vritat.
Jo la estimaba à la dona:
^qué estimaba? Era un volcan
d' amor lo mèu cor per ella .
No li puch aponderar.
Dispénsim una segona
imatge.
SoFÍA. Digui.
SoFÍA.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
- 15 -
CA.MILO, 'L mèu gran
amor semblaba una espècie
' de desfeta tempestat
qu' à mí mateix m' espantaba,
qu' hasta à mí 'm donaba esglay.
SoFÍ A . i Y ella tal vegada ? . . .
Camilo . Ella
era una dona incapàs
de trepitjà una formiga,
de fè' à una bestiola mal.
Bona dona, un vel de Dèu;
sí, senyora, pró un vel tan
trasparent y tan lleuger,
, que ni 's podia tocar
perquè no 's desfés à micas
com un tel d' aranya, j Ay !
En cambi, '1 carinyo sèu
era pesat, mès pesat. . .
que 'Is que 'ns parlan de política
à esmorsà, dinà y sopà.
Pesat, y pesat, senyora,
ab una gràcia especial :
la de seguir tots los cambis
del temps, totas las variants.
De modo que si al istiu
ja era fret, pot calcular
1 lo que seria al hivern:
una Sibèria, un Montblanch,
una taronjada fresca,
un mantecado aixís alt;
en fí, la fredor mès freda
qu' à un home pot refredar .
Era insufrible; aixís es
que si algun cop qu' altre, al any,
me feya alguna carícia,
una tontería. . . ^ sab ?
de las que als casats engrescan,
— perquè tot home casat
es, per molt que no s' ho pensi,
un tonto dels peus al cap; —
doncas. . . cuan volia ferme
un mimo per agradàrm',
ho feya ab^an poca solta,
que mès m' hauria estimat
quatre catxetas ben dadas
ó tenir mal de caixal.
i Ah, senyora! Referirli
d' aqueixa historia detalls,
es relatar mil turments
que Dante 's va descuidar
perquè seria solter
al dí' alló : Per .me si va
-16-
nella,.. etcètera. Aixís es que. ..
Nó sè si dech continuar .
SoFÍA. Si senyor, sí:... Digui, digui:
estich curada d' espant.
Camilo. AiyAs es que, de resultas
de tot lo que li he esplicat
y de molt mès que no esplico
perquè.. . no 's pot esplicar,
vaig adquirir tal horror
y tal odi à la meytat
del género humà ab faldillas,
que las donas ara 'm fan
r efecte que 'm causaria
lo gegant del Pí enrahonant.
lOh! No se 'n rigui, senyora;
la comparació es vulgar
pró eczacta.
SoFÍA. i Si no me 'n rich !
Camilo. dir que 's posa formal ?
Senyora, 'l cas no es per ménos.
Pero déixim arrivar
al final .
SoFÍA. No tinch cap pressa.
Camilo. La mèva esposa passà
una llarga malaltia
y se 'n va podé salvar;
pero al cap de molt poch temps,
la va pendre un constipat
y... 's va morir. {Ah fredor.)
l No li sembla
escandalós lo que faig ?
{Aquesta pregunta, cremat.)
SoFÍA. ^Qu' es?
Camilo. i Està aixís: no saber
ni una llàgrima plorar,
com la punta d' una agulla,
ni demostrarme afectat,
recordant la sèva mort ?
|Jo prou faig esforsos grans
per cubrir las apariencias
al ménos ! j Cà ! Disbarat.
Ni avuy, ni,— lo qu' es pitjor, —
ni '1 dia que se 'n va anar
ma costella al altre mon,
vaig plorar un sol instant.
Es mès: val'l- provar d' escriure
uns versos sentimentals,
y . . . é, sab los que 'm van sortir ?
Versos que, deixant apart
lo molt dolents, son los versos
mès de broma qu' he escrit may.
SoFÍA. ^ Es à dir qu' es poeta ?
- 17 -
Camilo. íTinch
aquesta fatalitat
sobre las altres, senyora !
(Sofia s' alsa y Camilo fd lo mateix.)
SoFÍA. M' alegro molt de trovar
una ocasió d' enriquirme
ab nova íirma. {Anant d sonir.)
Camilo. ;'Hònt se 'n và ?
SoFÍA. Me 'n vaig à buscà U mèu àlbum
de poesías.
Camilo . I Per pietat'
(Detenintla ab un moviment . )
i No hi vagi !
SoFÍA, ■ fePer qué?
Camilo. Avuy tinch,
senyora, un dia fatal: ^
nos trobém à fí de mes
y 'is inglesos. . . i sab ?
SoFÍA. i Bah, bah !
No sòch eczigent. Sòls fàssim
un rodoli y ja ha acabat:
ab dos versos me conten to.
Camilo. \ Si qu' es de bon contentar !
SoFÍA. i Ah! ^No m' ha dit que debia [Retornant.)
pagar...
Camilo. i Si ! {Suspirant.)
Sofía. 'Ls mèus capitals
estàn à disposició
dels vehins que son galans;
per lo tant . . .
Camilo. i Oh ! Li agraheixo
tanta generositat;
pero enllestiré alguns cuadros
y 'Is comptes se saldaran-
Sofía. í Ah! ^Es à dir que també pinta ?
{Aixó tornantse d acostar molt d Camilo . )
Camilo. Los mèus verdaders estats
son los de viudo y pintor.
Sofía . Y. . . i à quina especialitat ? . . .
Camilo. Retratos.
Sofía . I Cuànt me 'n alegro !
Só' ab vostè dintre un instant. (Andntsen.)
(Li faré fè' '1 mèu retrato
y '1 de la nena. Bé irà.) (Girantse.J
A la vista.
(Se 'n vd depressa per la porta lateral.)
Camilo. Estigabona;
als peus de...
{Encantat, mirant la porta lateral .)
— 18
ESCENA IX.
CAMILO. Desprès d' un llarch embad aliment se posa
à passejar.
I Ay, ay, ay, ay !...
I Vaja ! No m' he revingut.
Tot jo 'm seato conmogut !
Criatura com la neu blanca;
ingènua, senzilla, franca,
amable com la salut.
Criatura guapa, hermosa,
flila de clavell y rosa,
criatura que 's pert de vista. . .
Artista, senyors, artista,
ly, sobre tot, generosa!
iTambè artista en flors, tambèl
{Adonantse de las de la taula y contemplantlas,}
i Voto al turbant de Mahomal
Ja lo que 'm passa no sè:
fins sembla tènen aroma
aquestas flors qu' aquí tè .
{N' agafa al gunas .)■
Sembla parlin un llenguatje
diviuament misteriós
iParléu, jo us escolto, flós! (A& fruició.)
jParléu, de qui sòu imatge,
qu' estich escoltant ansiós! . . .
{Transició. Deixa las flors.)
iAy, ay, ay! . . . Posa judici,
Camilo, viudo inexpert!
Mira que de vista 's pert
lo fondo del precipici!
jGat vell, no sigas gat vertl
iDèixat de pesada broma!
;Dèi^at de desvariejà!
I Pensa ab Eva y ab la poma!
lAquestas flors no las fà,
Camilo, la mà d' un home!
jDéixat de tendres afanys!
iLas fà una dona...! jSí; aparta!
(Las fà una qu^ pot darte
un veneno de set anys,
matante sense matarte !
També, al principi, jo veya
mil graçias que no tenia.
|Ay, també la fantasia
à un mon de ditxa somreya
que tots los encants reunia!
iCom un Rafel era pura! i
iCom un Tiziano era ideal !
- 19 —
\Cóm va cambiar sa figura! . . .
jAy, desprès. . . va ser real
com una caricatura !
jCà! lEHa trevalla fí:
coneguent lo mèu horror
al matrimoni traiclor,
va per burlarse de mi,
burlantse del mèu rubor !
íT' has equivocat, viudeta;
viudeta t' has enganyat ; .
tractas ab un cor blindat,
y... ab mí nos'fà iabrometa,
de mí ningú s' ha burlat,
i Es inútil ton anhel!
No : ab mí no riu, ni riurà
cap mès dona: sòch de gel.
Una me 'n va pendre 1 cel
y. . . ja se la pot quedà.
ESCENA X
CAMILO, SOFIA,
SoFÍA. Aquí està V àlbum. (Presentantli.)
Camilo. Senyora,
[Aceptantlo y ah certa aspresa.)
se 'n durà un terrible xasco.
Estich segú de fer fiasco;
temps hà la musa tinch fora
de casa. . . Ab això, si sab
desdírsen... sens compliment,
sens façon ...
{Oferintli V àlbum pera que se 'l torni d quedar Sofia.)
SoFÍA. i Si li vè tan
malament!... (Ab coquetisme.)
Camilo. i Faré algun nyap !
SoFÍA. 5 Es escusa !
Camilo. I No! (iQué pilla
està!)
SoFÍA. Y estranyo 'm confongui
d' aquet modo!
Camilo. Dongui, dongui.
(i Ja m' ha picat de la honrilla! )
Vaig tot seguit. . .
(Va d fugir, Sofia 'l detè.)
SoFÍA. i No tant foch!
Avans que surti d' aquí,
li he de pagà un deute.
Camilo . ^A mí?
SoFÍA. Sí.
Camilo. No atino. . .
- 20 -
SoFÍA . i Poch à poch !
{Petita pausa.)
Vostè, avans, m' ha fet memòria
de sa historia conjugal,
y jo 'm portaria mal
no dantli un retall de historia.
Camilo. i Ah, si, sí! Escolto.
SoFÍA. ^Seyém?
Camilo. Seyém. (Vindrà una pintura
de sa virtut gran y pura.)
SoFÍA. ^M' éscolta?
Camilo. Sí.
SoFÍA. Comensém.
(Estan sentats d molta distancia.)
Jo no 'm vaig poder triar
lo que podia agradarme:
vull dir que no vaig casarme,
sinó que... 'm varen casar.
Camilo. jJa!
SoFÍA. Artista '1 pare, ja vell,
y pobre, per consecuencia,
resolt tenia en conciencia
no casarme ab cap com ell.
«L' Art, — deya, — en altras nacions
dóna glòria soberana;
aquí lo que dóna es... gana,
misèria y tribulacions.»
Portat de tals pensaments,
va pendre per punt de vista
donarme al ménos artista
de tots los mèus pretendents.
U ocasió no va tardar
en presentarse... Tindria
jo uns setz' anys, quan. . . lay! un dia
al pare 'm va demanar
un... íAy!
Camilo. ^Algun. .. advocat?
[Molt rejseï.)
SoFÍA. jNo!
Camilo . /.AlS^^^ • • • metje? . . . ^Algun notari?
{A.b creixent rezel las preguntas .)
SoFÍA. i No! jNo! {Aflicció creixent.)
Camilo. ó^-lgun apotecari?
SoFÍA. i No! .
Camilo. ^A-lgun... comerciant., tronat?
SoFÍA. iNo! Eran massa afortunadas
posicions !
Camilo. jNo 'm causi horror!
SoFÍA. Va sè\ . . jun administrador. . .
Camilo. lUff!
SoFÍ A . ... De rendas estancadas!
Camilo. ;Misericordia!
— 21 —
SoFÍA. lY si n' era
ell també d' estancat! . . . Gras,
vermell ... Un home capàs
de menjà una vaca entera!
;May acababa la gana!
jMay se veya tip, Dèu mèu!
Camilo. jJa ho crech! {Acosta unpoch la cadira.)
SoFÍA. Lo requiebro sèu
era dirme. «;Qu' ets galana!
iQué dobletas de cinch vals!
íY qué n' ets de salerosa!
Tens mès sal, noyeta hermosa,
que 'is magatzéms nacionals.»
Camilo. Sí, requiebros de cuartel. (Id.joch.)
SoFÍA. Hi havia estat.
Camilo. i Jo diria!
lAy pobre donya. . . {Acostantse molt.)
SoFÍA . Sofia,
don. . . {Acostantse d ell.)
Camilo. Camilo.
SoFÍA. Era crüel,
don Camilo; 1 mèu marit. . .
Camilo. Veurà: dispensi un segon.
^Suprimimho aixó del «don^
SoFÍ A . Per mi . . .
Camilo. Queda" suprimit,
Sofia; pot segui avant.
SoFÍA. Segueixo ab lo sèu permís,
Camilo.
Camilo. i Ah! aixís, aixís,
Sofia: vagi contant.
{Sofia també s' acosta més. Petita pausa.)
SoFÍA. Una, duas, cent vegadas
dech dirho, y no 's posi inquiet:
lo mèu home era sòls fet
per las rejjdas estancadas.
- • Mes. .. com trevallaba tant
y era un empleat molt bó . . .
Camilo . ^Va . . . morir del pit?
SoFÍA. iPitjò!
{Moviment de Camilo.)
i Lo varen deixar cessant! . . .
Camilo. i Gobern ingrat!
{Torna d acostarse. Apoya, distret, son bras en lo res-
paldo de la cadira de Sofia.)
SoFÍA. Acusàr
no puch: si ho fès mentiria,
que durant la cessantia
ho vaig passar ménos mal.
Llavors, y no es ferne gala,
tenint bona la salut,
vaig desplegar ma virtut
{Id. id.)
(S' acosta.)
{S' acosta.)
(Acostantse.)
— 22 —
en gran ó en petita escala.
Camilo . (; Ya pareció aquelio!)
(Se retira un poch y va retirantse mès, en tant que
parla Sofia.)
SoFÍA. Sí:
al piano aficionada
y llavors ja adelantada,
de socorro 'm va serví .
Vaig dedicàrm' à ensenyar,
me vaig fer de moda y . . . rés:
casi no vaig sentir mès
de tabaco y sal parlar.
Entre tant, va anar creixent
■ la nena ...
Camilo. iAh! ^Tè una noyeta? (Alegre.)
( Torna d guanyar lo terreno perdut . )
SoFÍA. Sí, senyor: molt petiteta.
Camilo. Donchs jo tinch un petit nen.
SoFÍA. iQué casual! (Acostantse d Camilo .)
Camilo. No 'm vè de nou. (Id. d ella.)
.SoFÍA. ^Me '1 farà coneixe?
Camilo. Sí.
è,Y vostè la nena à mí?
SoFÍA. Convingut.'
Camilo. iTóquilas!
' (Oferintli las duas mans.)
SoFÍA. iProu!
(Se donan las mans. Llarga pausa.)
Camilo. Segueixi 1 sèu curs T historia.
SoFÍA. En lo desenllàs ja estèm.
Camilo. Donchs... vaja, desenllassém.
(Deixa las mans de Sofia .)
Sofía. Ell va anàrsen à la glòria
desprès d' una indigestió;
jo he continuat ensenyant,
y una tia, sempre amant,
no 'm nega sa protecció.
Ella m' ha proporcionat
bonàs llissons, jo las dono,
y, tenintlas, no ambiciono
cap altra felicitat.
De modo que . . . (Ah certa energia . )
Camilo. Digui, digui.
SoFÍA. Viuda fà dos anys y mitj,
si may m' ocorra '1 desitj
de que un altre cop se 'm lligui;
si may arri va à passarme
]' idea del casament
pe '1 cap, ja estich malament;
ja 'm sembla qu' he de sangrarme.
Y, aixís com vostè tè horror
à las faldas y faldillas,
- 23 —
jo als bigotis y perillas
aborreixo tan de cor, {Enèrgica.)
que per mès que m' incomodi
buscant paraulas horribles,
may ne tinch de prou terribles
per podé espressà 1 mèu odi .
Camilo. jBrava! jBrava! (Entussiasmat, alsantse.)
SoFÍA. Puchjurarli, {Id.)
per mès que si ga un defecte,
que Is homes me fan F efecte
de qui 'Is diners vè à robarli .
Camilo . Tdrnila à tocar . . . i Divina !
[Eetenintli la nid.)
iOh! Vostè un imperi, val!
SoFÍA. . (jJove mès orifí-inal!)
Camilo. (íQuina mà mès fresca y fina!)
ESCENA XI.
Los mateixos. La CRL^DA.
Criada,
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Camilo,
SOFÍA.
Camilo,
SoFÍA.
Camilo.
SoFÍA.
Camilo,
I SOFÍA.
Camilo,
Senyora. . . {Se queda parada d la porta.)
Sí, esmorzaré:
es dl esmorzarém tots dos,.
Camilo.
Sofia, menjo
à r espanyola.
iUy, horror!
iTrobà un espanyol que menja
à r espanyola! . . .
Fà poch
rato . . .
iUy, quin poeta
tan prosàich! . . . Yés: porta aixó,
noya. — L' acostumaré
al bon tó. (Rihent.)
Pero ...
ïQuévol
dir? ^Qu' es péndrem excessiva
llibertat ab vostè ?
lOh, no!
Entre artistas, vehins, viudos,
ab casi igual situació,
ab sentiments ben iguals,
y, à mès, medianthi '1 favor
que m' ha fet, no crech que pugui
ferme cap acusació.
En prova de que no, accepto.
;Bé, bé! (Aplaudint.)
Noya. . . (A la criada.)
Esperi un poch .
- 24 -
SOFÍA.
Càmilo .
SOFÍ A .
Camilo,
SOFÍA.
Camilo .
SoFÍA.
Camilo ,
Accepto, pero ab un pacte.
Vingui '1 pacte.
Al mèu rebost,
es à dí, à la llibreria,
tinch una ampolla ab molt bon
champany que 'm va regalar
una vella del gran tó
à la que vaig fè 'l retrato
trayentli deu anys del cos.
^Vaig à buscaria y la porto?
^Qué? èLa vella?
Nó, nò. nó :
la botella de champany.
i Camilo , no bech licors ! (Suplicant.)
Tampoch menjo à la francesa.
K acostumaré al bon tó. (Recalcat.)
Y, à mès, Sofia, 1 champany.
es un liquit fet en tot
expressament per las donas.
l Per qué ? (La Criada 's retira . )
Ho entendrà bè prou .
Es un vinet lo champany
molt lleuger, com vostès son:
com vostès, té bona cara,
bon aspecte, bon color
y bon gust y mil bondats
que causan mil tentacions;
com vostès, en apariencia
no té cap mala intenció;
pró, com vostès, esplotant,
mou un ruido escandalós;
com vostès, cuan ja ha esplotat,
cuan ja ha esbravat son furor,
ompla, escumejant, las copas,
com ompla V amor els cors;
com vostès, tenta als mès joves;
com vostès, sembra ilusions;
com .vostès, dóna alegria,
si no se 'n abusa molt;
com vostès, si se 'n abusa,
causa terribles trastorns;
com vostès, costa molt car;
com vostès, may se 'n tè prou;
com vostès se falsifica,
com vostès, pica, essent dols;
y com vostès, se desmanda
à las barbas de tothom,
En fí: tanta es la semblansa
de la dona ab lo ví hermós
que 'ns vè de Fransa y de Reus
y de Pekin y del Clot,
que jo al champany li dich dona
y à la dona champany fort.
SoFÍA. i Que Ja sab llarga ! . . .
Camilo. iVol dir?
{Petita pausa.)
Só' aquí dintre tres segons.
{Dantli la ma y contemplant la d'' ella.)
SoFÍA. i No enganyi!
{Picantli la md carinyosament .)
Camilo . (í Ay quins copets!
iQuin picar mès deliciós!
jSembla que hi caigui rosada!)
SoFÍ A . ^Qué fà parat?
{Havent cessat de pico^rli la mà.)
Camilo. (iQuíns contorns! . . .
•jQuín escórs! jQuín...) íAy! Dispensi.
{Anaba d besar la md de Sofia, se repensa al acte y fi-
gura ensopegar, per lo cual demana disculpa.)
SoFÍA. feVol callar?
Camilo. (jOh cútis dóls!) {Vd yvè.)
jAy! me descuidaba T àlbum.
{Sofia vd d donar li.)
Gracias; ja 1 tinch. Mil ó dos
* mil versos he de posarhi. .
{Joch. Moviment.)
Digui: ^en quina llengua 'Is vol?
èEn català? ^En castellà?
iEn. . . inglés? i.En.. . turch?
SoFÍA. Aixó. {Rihent.)
Camilo. M' es igual. Desde qu' he vist
à vostè ja ho parlo tot;
sobre tot turch!
SoFÍA. Vagi, vagi!
Camilo . Vaig en una eczalació .
Tinch una màquina elèctrica,
Sofia, dintre del cós.
{Vdper la porta lateral.)
SoFÍA. jPer 'hónt và? Per V altre porta
Camilo. ^'Hònt es?. . . i Ah! allí: tè rahò.
Perdoni ... No hi hà de què. . .
lAy! Dispensi... jUy! jAy!... joy! loy!
(Topant.)
ESCENA XII.
SOFÍA. Poch desprès la CRIADA, qu' entra à parar la tau-
la, etc.
SoFÍA. Vaja: parlant ab franquesa,
els dich qu' es un bon xicot:
algo escèntrich, com artista,
algo viu de geni. . . íBó!
S' ha deixat aquí '1 sombrero:
— 26 —
isor.t de que viu tan aprop! . . .
Mentrès m' estich esperantlo,
vaig à entretenirme un poch.
/ iS' assenta al piano y fà alguns arpegis, tocant, des-
près, una pessa de música. La Criada vd y vè
arreglant la taula.)
ESCENA XIII.
SOFÍA, la CRIADA en una habitació. CAMILO, lo CRIAT en
r altra.
Criat . Ha vingut à demanarlo ...
{Seguint d Camilo, qu' entra depressa per la porta la-
teral.)
Camilo. Bè: que torni. (Entra.)
iVoto al mon! (Dins.)
\Y està tocant!! . , . iVinch! jJa vincb!
(Surt ab una gran ampolla y atropella al Criat, que s'
estava parat devant la porta . )
Criat. jAy! Y ha dit... ; Es qu' es prou !
(Buscant.)
Que '1 cuadro. . .
Camilo. No estich per cuadros,
ni per cuadras .
Criat. (i Sembla boig!)
Camilo. i Hònt he ficat el sombrero ?
l Hònt r he posat ?, . . i Llamps y trons !
iQué n' has let, cap de tatà?
Criat . Jo . . .
Camilo. Tu, si — i Calla ! . .. No, no:
i Si 1 tinch allí !
Criat. Bè; pró digui :
sí torna, i qué li responch?
Camilo. Qu' he sortit; qu' estich viatjant;
qu' estich malalt; que m' he mort.
(Surt precipitadament . Lo Criat darrera sèu.)
escena XIV.
SOFÍA. Desprès camilo. Mès tart la CRIADA. La primera
acaba de tocaf , y, després de recitar los quatre següents
versos, comensa altra vegada.
SoFÍA. Per fi, comensa à anar bè:
la paciència ho logra tot.
Provaré un' altra vegada
per dominà bè 'Is acorts.
(Apareix Camilo y 's queda embadalit al pas deia por-
ta, escoltant. Al terminar Sofia ^ deixa caure entus-
siasmat V. ampolla . )
/
— 27 —
Camilo. íBravo, bravíssim ! iDmno!
SoFí A . i Pobra ampolla !
Camilo. I Ja ho pot dir !
{CulUntla.)
Es que, també entussiasmiïda,
se m' ha escapat d' entre 'is dits.
SoFÍA. fcSe 'n burla?
Camilo. Lo qu' ha tocat
es d' un sabor exquisit.
SoFÍA. iSab de música també?
Camilo. jAy 'i sèu piano ho pot dir!
SofIa. ^Elmèu piano?
Camilo. Sí: aquest piano
va ser venut per cubrir
certas atencions...
Criada. Senyora,
quan siguin servits. . .
SoFÍA. Sí, sí.
{La Criada 's retira.)
^Sab que 'm causa una alegria
habé aquet piano adquirit?
Camilo. À mí també... hasta cert punt.
SoFÍA. Pró lo que veig y li dich
es que vostè es una espècie
de tutti-li-mundi!
Camilo. i Aixís!
l Vol que provém una pessa
à cuatre mans ?
SoFÍA. Ja està dit.
Camilo. ^ Cosa ben senzilla, oy ?
SoFÍA. i Oh ! Senzilla cap ne tinch, ■
si no son las frioleras
que devegadas escrich.
Camilo,. ^-.Yosté compon? i Ah ! Donchs vinga
original. {Regira papers de música.)
SoPÍA. i Oh!...
Camilo.. Ja tinch
una habanera. iMagnífich!
i Una habanera à vint dits !
I Una habanera, senyors !
i Lo que tant m' engresca à mí !
Lo que tant engresca al públich
de tots los teatros d' istiu . . .
y d' hivern ... Ja estich à punt .
(Sentantse al costat de Sofia y disposantse d tocar.)
Dèixim veure... Sol, la, si...
(Llegint y cantant en veu baixa.)
Sofia.
Camilo.
SoFÍA.
Camilo.
vEstà?
Estich.
iDonchs... ala una!
(Se posan d tocar d cuatre rnans.)
I què mal ho faig 1
— 28 —
SoFÍA. Los dits .
de Tosté ab los mèus s' enredan.
Camilo. Va ab un compàs massa viu,
y Us mèus baixos son uns baixos
que. . . no segueixen al pis.
SoFÍA. jL' habanera ha d' ésser viva!
Camilo. ; Pietat que no puch seguir!. . .
jDèu mèu encara mès fusas!
Jo no las habia vist.
I be deixat pescà à V encesa!
SoFÍA. i Sentiment !.. .
Camilo. Sí, amiga, tinch
(S' alsa.
lo gran sentiment de dirli
que jo no puch prosseguir.
SoFÍA. La provarém altre dia: (Alsantse també.)
i ja veurà qué bè 'n sortim !
Ara.. . r esmorzà 'ns espera.
Camilo. (Haber de menjar... iqu' es trist!)
{Se sentan prop la taula.)
i Sab que m' ha agradat moltíssim
r àmericaneta ?
SoFÍA. à Ho diu
de cor?
Camilo. De cor : sí, senyora.
(Al dir aixó, li serveix tota la vianda de la plata.)
i Oh ! M' hi jugaria mil
rals que vostè descendeix. . .
(Sofia adòna de lo que tè al plat.)
SoFÍA. i Qu' ha fet ? Tingui. {Li dóna casi tot.)
Camilo . iEstà bonich!
i Ara vostè 's queda sense!
No puch permetre. . .
(Yol tornarli.)
SoFÍA. jOh! . . . (Ab lo plat enlayre, retirantlo.)
Camilo . íNi un xich?
SoFÍA. Ni un xich. Jo vull que s' engrexi.
Camilo. Y. . . é,per què ho vol?
SoFÍA. Molt senzill:
perquè no anyori la vida
matrimonial.
Camilo. íAh! ^es à dir (Censurant.)
que vostè digna la creu
. d' anyorament?
SoFÍA. Fins aquí
no he dit. . .— ^Preguntaba avans
si jo...
Camilo. ^Descendeix d' allí:
del altre mon?
SoFÍA. Sí, senyor.
íEn què ho coneix? (Servintlo. — Joch.)
Camilo. ^En qué? iEn mil
I
- 29 -
cosas. En lo sabor pur
de lo qu' ha tocat ab mí;
en aquets ulls que destilan
foch capàs de derretir
la neu del Montseny , Sofia!
En aquets llabis bonichs
semblants à duas fuUetas
que un ruixadet ha embellit;
en aquestas mans preciosas. . .
{Ara s' adona de la molta vianda que li anat posant
Sofia.)
jOh! això no pot ser aixís.
(Ho aboca casi tot al plat d' ella.)
iMassa! Vostè 'n tindrà poch. . .
Gracias. {Retirant lo plat.)
iOh! íQué venjatiu!
(Menjan, mirantse y rihent. Camilo toca 7 peu de So-
fia, per sòta la taula, ab lo sèu.)
Camilo. jQuína llàstima, Sofia!
jAy! iM' ha trepitjat el dit
xich!
Trepítjim vostè 'Is mèus:
aquí li 'n presento cinch. {Lo peu.)
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
SoFÍA.
Camilo.
Criada.
Camilo .
Criada.
Camilo .
SoFÍA.
Camilo .
SoFÍA.
Criada.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
ESCENA XV.
SOFÍA, CAMILO. La CRIADA.
Senyoret. . .
feEh?
A demanarlo
ara mateix ha vingut
un criat. Diu que hi hà 1 nen.
lAh! vaig. Dintre mitj minut
torno.
Pdrtil.
À aixd vaig.
lY la nena?
Vés al punt (A la Criada.)
à buscaria.
Està molt bè. {Se 'n va.)
Sofia...
Camilo . . .
Abur.
No li dich mès.
Li dich massa.
- 30 -
ESCENA XVI,
CAMILO, SOFIA, Lo NEN. Al acte d' anara sortir Cami]o
apareix, lo Criat acompanyant al Nen. Lo deixa y 's re-
tira.
Nen. |Papà, papà! (Td d besar d son pare, etc.)
Camilo. jHola! è,Ets tú?
El mèu vàstago, senyora,
que paciència no ha tingut
per esperar. ([Federal, {AlNeïi.)
portat bè !
Nen. (Zi.) (1 Camilo.)
Camilo. Tinch el gust
de presentarli.
Nen. Zfnyora,
{Donant la md d Sofia.)
zervidor zèu.
Sofía . Ben Tingut.
[Besantli la cara, etc.)
íQué bufòl iQué mono!
Camilo. ^'S sembla
k son pare?
SoFÍA. Un poch. . . del's ulls.
Camilo. Mil gracias. — Federal, yès
à sentarte allí.
(A una cadira de prop la porta del foro.)
è,Cóm diuhen els nens?
Nen. ' Mil graziaz.
Camilo. No es aixó 1 que 's diu. ; Alguns
ressabis d' ella, Sofia-!
Nen. iAy! ^.Cóm ze diu?. . . Calla tu:
no m' ho diguiz. . . jAh, zí! Alz peuz
de Tozté, zenyora!
Camilo. iUf!
«Ab permiz de vozté;» 's diu.
{Estrafentlo .)
Sofía. ;No se 'n burli!
Camilo. Es que jo yuU
que sigui un xicot com cal.
la nena?
Sofía. De segú
que no tarda. Era aquí prop.
Camilo. Y. . . díguim.
(Com no gosant ferli una pregunta.)
Sofía. è,Qué?
Camilo. \ é,Tè molts punts
de semblansa ab son papà?
Sofía. Vostè ho veurà dintre curts
moments. . . Aqueixas padrinas
que no acaban may. . .
^31-
Camilo. Es just,
es natural ... ;A1 fí donas!
SoFÍA. Ja la sento. Ja ha vingut.
ESCENA ULTIMA.
Los mateixos. La NENA. La CRIADA 1' acompanya, la deixa
t y se 'n torna.
Nena. iHola, Emilito!... «.juguéni?
(Va d coblarse ah lo Nen molt alegra, sense ficsarse en
rés mèsj
Nen. Juguém.
( Y fa f estàs d la Nena y 's posan d jugar.)
SoFÍA. iJa coneixen! (Admirada.)
Camilo. iSí!
lEy, tu!
(Renyant al Nen perquè 's propassa en abrassar à la
Nena y petonejaria . )
SoFÍA. i Ara vegi: de mi
no 's recorda! {Acostantse als nens.)
Camilo. ^Cóm estém?
Vínam aquí, federal !
Nen. ïQué volz, papà?
Camilo. iPocapena!
^De qué coneixes la nena?
Nen. èJo^ - • . De la Plaza Real. (Grave.)
Camilo. iQuína Plassa! Es la desgracia.
de las fàmulas que hi van.
Nena. jOh, y del Parque !
SoFÍA. íTambè?
Camilo . Avant ! .
Nena. Y hasta del Passeig de Gracia!
Camilo. ^ Qué hi vol fer ?
SoFÍA. Deixàls estar
que juguin.
Camilo . Deixémlos fè
però... nosaltres també,
Sofia, habém de jugar.
SoFÍA. ^Qué vol dir?
Camilo. La consecuencia
es. clara y vostè la sab:
acabà ab un cop de cap
tanta y tanta coincidència .
Si fà ó no fà, vostè y jo
som lo mateix: es ben clà:
donchs. . . fém que '1 si fà ó no fà
se fassi del tot rodd.
SoFÍA. Oh! lY U sèu horror fatal
à las donas?
Camilo. ^.Quédirè?
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SoFÍA.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Camilo.
SOFÍA.
Nen.
Camilo.
Nen,
Camilo.
SoFÍA.
Camilo.
S(ÍFÍA.
Nena.
Camilo .
Nena.
SoFÍA.
Nen.
Camilo
Se m' ha fòs. '1 de vostè
(*S" acosta molt à Sofia al dirigirli la pregunta.)
contra dels homes, qué tal?
i Se... comensa à fondre!
{Pausa. Camilo prén una md d Sofia.)
íEncara
nó?
jJa va íonentse mès!
^Encara no? {Besantli la md.)
I Casi ho es !
^Encara no? (Ahrassant à Sofia.)
|Sí, sí: ara!
(Si no ho dich, e,à parà 'hònt fóra?)
{Lo Nen s' haurd acostat d Sofia y Camilo . )
jPapà! {Tocant d son pare per detrds.)
íQué Yols, federal? (Girantse.)
{Lo Nen queda al mitj d' ell y d'' ella . Pausa . )
; També de la Plaza Real
conéixez à la zenyora ?
I Desvergonyit ! i A jugà !
{Lo Nen passa al fondo . )
No, no, no: fàssil vení.
Vina.
Nena, vina aquí.
Besa la mà al tèu papà.
(i Ja tinchpapà, com la Flora !) {Obehint.)
Nen, à la mamà un petò.
{Lo Nen cumpleix. Sofia 'l petoneja.)
l M' estimares ? '{Ala Nena.)
Sí, senyo.
^M' estimas, fill?
Zí, zenyora.
Vaya, diguin: tot seguit (Alpiiblich.\
d' haherse alsat el teló
y vist la decoració
del escenari partit:
una dona en un costat
y en r altre costat un home,
i no han dit: « lo fí de la broma
serà ? . . . » {Indicant matrimoni.)
Donchs endevinat.
Mes si acàs de bona gana,
senyors, han passat V estona,
per vostès farà la dona. . .
una nova americana.
Fi DEL PROVERBI.
|
Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajan (born 2 June 1961) is an Indian doctor and politician. She is the 2nd and current Governor of Telangana since September 2019. She was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party until September 2019.
References
1961 births
Living people
Governors of Telangana |
Ferris is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
Cities in Texas
Settlements in Dallas County, Texas |
Great Chinese Famine was a great famine in China from 1958 to 1961. Drought, poor weather and some of the policies of the Communist Party of China were among the reasons of the three years of famine. This also further resulted in the Great Leap Forward movement.
History
According to the government's statistics the total death toll is 15 million people. Historian Frank Dikotter, having been granted special access to Chinese archival materials, estimates that there were at least 45 million premature deaths from 1958 to 1962, although far from all these deaths came about as a result of starvation.
Chinese journalist Yang Jisheng concluded there were 36 million deaths due to starvation, while another 40 million others failed to be born, so that "China's total population loss during the Great Famine then comes to 76 million.
The Great Chinese Famine was caused by a combination of adverse weather conditions, social pressure, economic mismanagement, and radical changes in agriculture imposed by government regulations.
Mao Zedong, chairman of the Chinese communist party, introduced drastic changes in farming which prohibited farm ownership. Failure to abide by the policies led to persecution. The social pressure imposed on the citizens in terms of farming and business, which the government controlled, led to state instability. Owing to the laws passed during the period and Great Leap Forward during 1958–1962, according to government statistics, about 36 million people died in this period.
References
Disasters in the 20th century
Natural disasters in China
1950s in China
1960s in China |
Live Action Toy Story is a 2012/2013 American live-action buddy comedy adventure fan film. this a shot-to-shot fan remake of the original Toy Story in 1995, using expensive special-effects filming with stop-motion and puppetry with wires. released in premiered August 22, 2012 and YouTube exclusive in January 12, 2013 also re-release in November 22, 2015 on VOD.
Plot
set in 2005 A.D., While Woody at staff meeting around Andy's birthday through find the presents also Buzz Lightyear arrives. Buzz attempts to fly stunt and playing Buzz all day and night. arguing Woody and Buzz tells Sid was shown a Combat Carl strapping with the fireworks and explodes to pieces. then in 6am, then watches Woody talks to the Magic 8-ball yells at anguish and throws down the shelf, distracting Buzz to Woody holds an remote control's RC to pushed by a rolling globe went slipped Buzz out the window. then brawls Hamm, Potato Head to Woody throwed then retreated. in the middle of the night at gas station slept Woody saws Buzz to fight inside the van. leaving Woody and Buzz, then a tanker truck hitting them straight. Buzz tells Woody claiming he's a Space Ranger or a toy. surrounded by Pizza Planet to transported to the restaurant to find Andy, went Sid to the claw machine by bunch of aliens to sell or toynapped by himself. sometimes inside Sid's room by bunch of mutated pieced toys to cannibalized things awared was scared by Woody. Sid integration Woody tortured by a magnifying glass burned on his forehead to splashed by cereal bowl, to escape the stairs guarding by Scud attacked. Buzz saws an action-figure commercial of himself then walks miserablity away claiming not a flying toy to fell down again crashed his arm to the ground. Woody saws Buzz inside Hannah's room played as Mrs. Nesbitt. when Woody throws by an rope as a Christmas lights-like rope to tells Buzz, sometimes watching Buzz's arm ripped saw by the toys screaming. then a thunderstorm rain watching Sid delivery an rocket firework called 'The Big One' to strapped Buzz. Woody saying Buzz than claiming a Space Ranger pretending to a himself, then escaping the crate fell by Woody. tried to attempt to rescue Buzz by Sid, then the army of mutant toys to signal to morse code to locating the places. stalking the entire house while Sid tells Woody to commanded by his toys to attacked him, through stares Sid looks Woody saying 'We Toys Can't see Everything' also 'So Play Nice' screaming away by the toys. then chased by moving truck surrounded by Scud bites Woody's leg to fight the dog, Woody find by a cardboard boxes to RC to chasing Scud. then RC chased an truck to pulled by Slinky drops the ram then accidentally pulls RC, Woody and Buzz slides by a parking vehicles to left, then Slinky thrown everyone. mostly attempted to sunburn lighting the rocket then flies off the RC hitting by Potato Head, then stop the Big One by blowing out the sky, flying away to the van. then in December 25, 2005 when Christmas Day saved by Woody and Buzz signaling again by brought by Mrs. Potato Head to as a wife is own, later a puppy, zooming the characters.
Cast
Main voices and Live-action cast
Jim Hanks as Woody
Tim Allen as Buzz
Don Rickles as Mr. Potato Head
Blake Clark as Slinky Dog
Wallace Shawn as Rex
John Ratzenberger as Hamm Pig
Annie Potts as Bo Peep
T.J. Bright as Andy
Victor Bright as Sid
Carla Pauley as Mrs. Davis/Charlene
R. Lee Ermey as Sarge E.
Delani Kent as Hannah
Jerome Ranft as Lenny/Al's Toy Barn announcer
Abby 'Abigail' Peters as Molly
Jonason Pauley as Pizza Planet delivery driver/Angus
Debi Derryberry and Nancy Cartwright as Squeeze Toy Aliens/Pizza Planet announcer
Bill Farmer as Pizza Planet announcer
Sabrina Bright as Sid's Mom
Jeff Pidgeon as Mr. Spell/Robot
Phil Proctor as bowling announcer/Pizza Planet guard
Penn Jillette as TV Announcer
Andrew Stanton as Buzz Lightyear commercial chorus
Cast-notes
Non-speaking characters notable include Scud provided by all by Frank Welker, Barrel of Monkeys, Etch A Sketch, Snake, Clown, Babyface, RC, and Buster. other cast include Michael Perrotta Jr. as Gas Attendant, A.D. Ramirez as Sid's dad foot, also Rupert the Bulldog as Scud, Michael Perrotta as Bowler extra, Jeff Pauley as Eggman Movers employee, other cast include one of those Andy's birthday inviters such as, William Pauley, Heath Bright, Jaime Rodriguez, Zayden Rodriguez, Jason Alpers, Noah Smith and Nyelle Smith, Smith's foster kids extra.
Release Dates
Production
Jonason Pauley and Jess Perrotta planned to a Live-action fan-film recreated version of the original film, started in 2010, most locations during filming in 2010 to 2011 on Mesa, Arizona, Tempe Peter Piper Pizza as interiors of Pizza Planet scenes, Sinclair Gas as Dinoco gas station, as stand-in of the scenes.
References
websites
2013 comedy movies
2010s comedy movies
2010s buddy movies
2013 movies
American adventure movies
American buddy movies
American comedy movies
American family movies
Buddy comedy movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Pixar movies
Toy Story
American movie remakes |
The Spree is a river in the north-east of Germany.
It runs through the centre of Berlin. The river is long.
Geography of Berlin
Geography of Brandenburg
Geography of Saxony
Rivers of Germany |
<p>First off, here's my code: </p>
<pre><code>"""Softmax."""
scores = [3.0, 1.0, 0.2]
import numpy as np
def softmax(x):
"""Compute softmax values for each sets of scores in x."""
num = np.exp(x)
score_len = len(x)
y = np.array([0]*score_len)
sum_n = np.sum(num)
#print sum_n
for index in range(1,score_len):
y[index] = (num[index])/sum_n
return y
print(softmax(scores))
</code></pre>
<p>The error comes up at the line: </p>
<p><code>y[index] = (num[index])/sum_n</code></p>
<p>I run the code with: </p>
<pre><code># Plot softmax curves
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.arange(-2.0, 6.0, 0.1)
scores = np.vstack([x, np.ones_like(x), 0.2 * np.ones_like(x)])
plt.plot(x, softmax(scores).T, linewidth=2)
plt.show()
</code></pre>
<p>What exactly is going wrong here? </p> |
<p>I know it is possible to pass class type to a function in swift:</p>
<pre><code>func setGeneric<T>(type: T.Type){ }
setGeneric(Int.self)
</code></pre>
<p>But how we can return type from function? Writing something like</p>
<pre><code>func getGeneric<T>() -> T.Type {
return Int.self
}
</code></pre>
<p>gives compiler error "Int is not identical to T". So is it possible to return type from a swift function?</p>
<p><strong>Edit</strong><br>
Some explanation. I have classes that are used for persistence (I'm using Realm) and I have classes that acts as wrappers around this classes. All wrappers inherits from <code>RealmClassWrapper</code> which needs to know what Realm class it actually wraps. So lets say I have this realm model:</p>
<pre><code>class RealmTodo: RLMObject {
dynamic var title = ""
}
</code></pre>
<p>and my wrappers supper class looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>class RealmClassWrapper {
private let backingModel: RLMObject
//...
func backingModelType<T>() -> T.Type{ fatalError("must be implemented") }
}
</code></pre>
<p>and actual wrapper:</p>
<pre><code>class Todo: RealmClassWrapper {
//some other properties
func backingModelType<T>() -> T.Type{ return RealmTodo.self }
}
</code></pre> |
Fernando Belaúnde Terry (October 7, 1912 – June 4, 2002) was a Peruvian politician. He was President of Peru (1963–1968 and 1980–1985).
Early life and education
The second of four children, Belaúnde was born in Lima into an aristocratic family of Spanish forebears: his father, Rafael Belaúnde Diez Canseco (1886–1972), a professor, served as Prime Minister under José Bustamante y Rivero; his paternal grandfather, Mariano Andrés Belaunde was a Finance Minister; and one of his great-grandfathers, Pedro Diez Canseco, was also President of the Republic.
He attended the Sagrados Corazones Recoleta in Lima.
During the dictatorship of Augusto B. Leguía, the persecution for the political activities of his father Rafael and his uncle Víctor Andrés Belaúnde prompted the family to move to France in 1924, where Fernando attended high school and received his initial University education in engineering.
From 1930 to 1935, Belaúnde studied architecture in the United States, where he first attended the University of Miami(where his father was also teaching), and in 1935 transferred to the University of Texas at Austin, where he obtained his degree as an architect. He later moved to Mexico and worked as an architect for a brief time, but returned to Peru in 1936 and started his professional career as an architect designing private homes. In 1937, he started a magazine called El Arquitecto Peruano ("Peruvian Architect"), which dealt with interior design, general urbanism and housing problems the country was facing. This also gave way to the Architects Association of Peru and the Urbanism Institute of Peru.
As a result, Belaúnde also became a government public-housing consultant throughout the country and abroad. In 1943, Belaúnde began teaching architecture and urban planning at Escuela Nacional de Ingenieros of Lima and later became the dean of the Civil Engineering and Architecture department. Belaúnde also directed the construction, along with other professors and students, of the faculty of architecture of the National University of Engineering in 1955.
References
Other websites
Página oficial de Acción Popular.
Extended biography by CIDOB Foundation (in Spanish)
El Arquitecto Peruano, Belaúnde's magazine (Spanish and English)
Fernando Belaunde Terry recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division’s audio literary archive on Apr. 22, 1977
1912 births
2002 deaths
Presidents of Peru
People from Lima |
<p>Can someone explain why Python does the following?</p>
<pre><code>>>> class Foo(object):
... bar = []
...
>>> a = Foo()
>>> b = Foo()
>>> a.bar.append(1)
>>> b.bar
[1]
>>> a.bar = 1
>>> a.bar
1
>>> b.bar
[1]
>>> a.bar = []
>>> a.bar
[]
>>> b.bar
[1]
>>> del a.bar
>>> a.bar
[1]
</code></pre>
<p>It's rather confusing!</p> |
Geoffrey John Wainwright MBE (19 September 1937 – 6 March 2017) was a British archaeologist specializing in prehistory. He was the Chief Archaeologist of English Heritage from 1989 to 1999. He served as visiting professor to a number of universities. He served as President of the Prehistoric Society from 1981 to 1985 and the Society of Antiquaries of London from 2007 to 2010.
Wainwright was born in Pembrokeshire, Wales. He studied at Cardiff University and at UCL Institute of Archaeology. Wainwright died on 6 March 2017 in Pembrokeshire, Wales, aged 79.
References
1937 births
2017 deaths
British archaeologists
British scientists
British educators |
<p>I've got a job scheduled through the SQL Server Agent that runs a sproc which runs some other sprocs. Every sproc looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>BEGIN TRY
-- do stuff
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
DECLARE @errorMessage varchar(4000)
DECLARE @procName varchar(255)
SELECT @errorMessage = error_message()
SELECT @procName = OBJECT_NAME(@@PROCID)
RAISERROR('%s threw an exception: %s', 16, 1, @procName, @errorMessage)
END CATCH
</code></pre>
<p>This all works fine - errors are raised and thrown up the stack, life is good. However, my RAISERROR calls don't appear to cause the job to fail - I'm set to receive an e-mail notification "When the job fails," but never receive one. E-mail notifications are working, as I will get emails if I change the notification to "when the job succeeds". Is there some other function I should be using here in place of RAISERROR?</p> |
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a law of the United States. It made it easier for African-Americans and non-English speaking citizens to vote. In some parts of the United States, people were forced to pay a poll tax or take a literacy test before being allowed to vote. This process kept many African-Americans from voting. The Voting Rights Act made all of those practices illegal.
1965 in the United States
African-American history
Democratic rights
United States federal legislation
1960s in law |
<p>I am trying to add a toolbar to my <code>PreferenceActivity</code>.
I have looked around here and a number of places and nothing seems to work.</p>
<p>I am using headers for my top-level.
I tried to then use my own layout in onCreate including the required toolbar and making sure it has a view by the name of "@android:id/list".</p>
<pre><code><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:title="@string/app_name"
app:navigationIcon="@drawable/back"
app:popupTheme="@style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<ListView android:id="@android:id/list"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>
</code></pre>
<p>This worked okay for the top level but then the next level failed looking for a view name "android:id/prefs".</p>
<pre><code>java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No view found for id 0x102040a (android:id/prefs) for fragment PreferencesFragmentButtonInteraction{7a6584a #0 id=0x102040a}
</code></pre>
<p>The only code in the <code>onCreate</code> of the fragment is the AddPreferencesFromResource.</p>
<pre><code>@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// Load the preferences from an XML resource
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences_button_interaction);
}
</code></pre>
<p>I have tried to use a theme and set in in the manifest but to no avail.</p> |
Subsets and Splits