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### substance \| blood: Blood type * All blood types exist in almost all races. * Some blood types are common, some rare, and others very rare - more rare than others - have peanuts - play important roles * are as fundamental as creation itself - inherited and represent contributions from both parents * is an easily accessible factor in patients' genetic makeup - example of codominance - determined by inherited antigens and antibodies - inherited, just like eye color + Blood transfusion, Problems * Not all people are able to donate blood to all other people. Blood types prevent that. Blood typing * are diagnosises. * can give indications to food compatibility and related health issues. * is especially important during pregnancy. * very poor method to resolve important questions about paternity. Bloodstream * Most bloodstreams affect livers - are part of bodies * Most bloodstreams carry carbon dioxide - trigger immune responses * Some bloodstreams enter lungs. * Some bloodstreams lead to diseases - liver diseases * Some bloodstreams lead to threaten diseases - result in infection * includes blood cells - cell membranes - cytoplasm - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles Clean blood * goes out of the kidney and back into the bloodstream through the vein. * means a disease-free body. Clotted blood * has a particulate, hypoechoic appearance. * takes up space in a closed system, increasing pressure on the brain. Cold blood * returns from feet. * returns to hearts - mammalian hearts<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| blood: Deoxygenated blood * coming from the body enters the right atrium and passes to the right ventricle. * enters the first chamber of the heart from the body. - via the vena cava and is pumped into the right ventricle * flows from the body into the right atrium - to the lungs and oxygenated blood flows to the rest of the body * is blood - heavy with carbon dioxide * means that the blood has very little oxygen. * returns via veins to the venae cavae, re-entering the heart's right atrium. * travels to the s-shaped heart, which comprises two chambers. Fetal blood * is in direct contact with the mother' s blood via the placenta. * leaves the placenta through veins leading back to the fetus. Healthy blood * carries lots of oxygen. * flowing in helps proper digestion. * is essential for life - needed to carry oxygen<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| blood: Human blood * All human blood runs red. * Some human blood causes diseases. * contains a red pigment called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the cells. * is essential to the body's immune system - full of hormones - highly infectious - made of a fluid called plasma that carries red and white blood cells and platelets - preferred over other animals with ankles as a favorite bite area - red because it has a red pigment called hemoglobin which contains iron - the best available therapy for correcting the oxygern-carrying defect in anemia - their only source of nourishment * very sacred thing. Insect blood * is greenish, yellowish, or colorless - normally green, although it can vary in different species * is usually colorless or a watery green - greenish in color<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| blood: Less blood * can flow to the genitals. * flows to the gastrointestinal tract, and digestion virtually stops. * goes to the lungs , so the blood gets less oxygen. * is needed to supply the organ with oxygen. * leaves the heart, and the blood returning to the heart backs up. + Pulmonary hypertension, What goes wrong with the body: Cardiology :: Pulmonology :: Diseases * The heart can work so hard that it becomes sick. This is called heart failure. The sick heart cannot pump blood well. Less blood goes to the lungs, so the blood gets less oxygen. This makes it hard to breathe. This gets worse when exercising or working hard.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| blood: Menstrual blood * makes the vagina much more alkaline, allowing bacteria to grow more easily. * rich environment in which bacteria and viruses can grow very quickly. Menstrual flow * is blood * sloughs off part of the endometrium.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| blood: Oxygenated blood * enters a liver sinusoid from a branch of the hepatic artery. * flows at relatively high pressure through our bodies in arteries. * is bright red in colour - carried to the kidneys by renal arteries - distributed throughout the body from the liver - higher in oxygen and lower in carbon dioxide than deoxygenated blood * is pumped from the left ventricle and circulates throughout the body - to the various organs and tissues of the body - red, deoxygenated blood is blue - returned to the heart by pulmonary veins - sent to the body through the anastomosed aorta and pulmonary trunk - supplied in the hepatic artery - transported by the respiratory system from lungs to tissues throughout the body * returning in the pulmonary vein flows into the left atrium. * returns to the left atrium in the pulmonary veins , through the bicuspid valve. Red blood * cellsare tiny,disc-shaped cells that lack a nucleus. * is colored by energizing winds ever flowing and blowing round the world. Thicker blood * flows more slowly to our brains. * has a greater tendency to clot, thereby increasing the risk for stroke. * is harder to pump.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| blood: Venous blood * carries less oxygen than arterial blood. * cooled in nasal passage then passes over arterial creating gradient. * is blood that is returning to the heart through blood vessels called veins - cooler than arterial blood - dark red or crimson and flows steadily from a cut vein - darker in color than arterial blood because of the difference in dissolved gases - drained by the testicular veins - obtained from a vein by venipuncture - really dark red or maroon in color - taken from a easily accessible vein either in the arm or hand * leaves at the hilus - both the superior and inferior vena cava and enters the right atrium - the region in veins that course alongside the arteries * returns to the heart via the jugular veins. Warm blood * Most warm blood passes through blood vessels * flows into the capillaries, helping to lose excess body heat into the environment. * makes their eggs hatch more efficiently.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| blood: Whole blood * Most whole blood contains mg irons. * combination of blood cells and liquid. * contains all four components and is sometimes used to treat acute hemorrhage patients - collected through a needle placed in an arm vein - comprised of cellular and fluid components - made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets - passed through a centrifuge to separate cells from plasma - preferred for molybdenum - removed from the body and red and white blood cells are separated from the plasma - the most potent expander of the intravascular space Blubber * Some blubber acts as protective barriers. * Some blubber helps body heat * acts as insulation. * consists of layers. * includes atoms. * includes chemical chain - groups * provides insulation. Bodily fluid * Some bodily fluid contains pathogen. * are tough on sleeping bags. * regulates blood pressure	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Body fluid * All body fluids are water based. * Many body fluids can mix outside the body and re-enter it during the intense activity of childbirth. * Most body fluid fills cavities. * Some body fluid bathes internal organs. * Some body fluid causes death - pain - contains seawater - produces urine * are acid, and painful or diseased areas are alkaline - alkaline and painful or diseased areas are acid - examples for complex liquid solutions, containing many solutes - highly contagious - isotonic with the sea - water based solutions * carry both useful and harmful substances. * consist of blood, urine, feces, vomit, saliva, etc - water and minerals known as electrolytes * dissolves salt. * enters the nephridium via an internal opening called the nephridiostome. * fills body cavities * flow freely like rain on parched desert sands. * have low number of free viruses - even the blood. * help to lubricate the joints and cushion organs - maintain skin temperature in cold weather * influences salt gland secretion * interferes with exchanges - gas exchanges * pass back into the body, nitrogenous wastes empty into the insect's gut. * promotes diffusion. * redistribute themselves toward the head. Brown material * are things like leaves, shredded paper and dried up plant cuttings. * have a high carbon content, but little nitrogen. Capsaicin * are chemical compounds. * blocks pain impulses. * burns at first, but eventually deadens the pain sensors in the mouth - hands and eyes just as it creates a hot sensation when eaten * causes a burning feeling when it is first used. * gives peppers their hotness. * is available as a cream or a gel - worth considering for the chronic pain of lupus * targets pain receptors in the mouth. * triggers the hair follicles and scalp by creating a tingling sensation. ### substance \| capsaicin: Pure capsaicin * hydrophobic , colorless , odorless , crystalline to waxy compound. + Capsaicin: Chemical compounds :: Organic compounds :: Analgesics * It is responsible for the sense of 'hotness' found in chile peppers. In mammals, it causes a sensation of 'burning' of the tissues it comes in contact with. Pure capsaicin is a hydrophobic, colorless, odorless, crystalline to waxy compound. Cardboard * is located in boxs - cartons - packaging materials - recycling bins - warehouses * prevents light.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| cardboard: Corrugated cardboard * can also replace shiny gift bags for wrapping wine. * common packing material that many businesses accumulate as waste. * consists of two layers of heavy cardboard with a ribbed section in between. * is cardboard - processed by a recycler - recycled into new cardboard and cereal boxes * is the most common building product packaging material - thicker type of cardboard and is recyclable on campus - used mostly to manufacture cardboard boxes * makes up a large portion of the retail trade's garbage. * provides resting areas that earwigs find attractive. Paperboard * Most paperboard used for cleaning product containers is made from recycled paper. * are cardboard. * containing recovered fiber multi-ply material, formed in layers of recovered fiber. * is an ideal substitute for plywood, hardwood and particle board in many applications - thicker than paper but thinner than corrugated cardboard Cementum * anchors the periodontal ligament to the root of the tooth. * are part of roots. * attaches to the periodontal ligament, which anchors the tooth to the surrounding bone. * contains chemicals that enhance re-attachment of periodontal ligament. * resembles bone in that it contains cells within lacunae in a mineralized matrix.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Ceramic material * Many ceramic materials are hard, porous, and brittle. * Many ceramic materials contain both ionic and covalent bonding - more than one element * Most ceramic materials are almost entirely immune to corrosion. * Most ceramic materials contain bonds - covalent bonds - pigment * Some ceramic materials have extremely high dielectric strengths - high strength * Many ceramic materials are hard, porous, and brittle. The study and development of ceramics includes methods to mitigate problems associated with these characteristics, and to accentuate the strengths of the materials as well as to investigate novel applications * are inorganic compounds, usually oxides, nitrides, or carbides - very strong under compression but very weak under tension * have a wide range of electrical properties.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Chemical * All chemicals are harmful in too large a quantity - potentially toxic, but some are deadly at much lower concentrations than others * All chemicals are toxic under some conditions of exposure - exposure conditions - move in and out of various bodily tissues at varying rates * Any chemical can be toxic if the dose is high enough - or harmful under certain conditions * Every chemical is toxic at a high enough dose. * Many chemicals affect the skin directly. * Many chemicals are corrosive and potentially carcinogenic - extremely time sensitive - harmless, but there are some chemicals that are dangerous - hazardous - poisonous - so strong that they can quickly burn the skin - toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive - associated with the manufacture of paper are toxic or result in toxic waste - break down into harmless metabolites after exposure to sunlight * Many chemicals can absorb through the skin and directly enter the bloodstream - actually work their way through a glove by permeation - also cause asthma - permeate leather - produce some evidence of cancer in animals - react violently when exposed to other substances - change over time, losing their effectiveness - come in liquid form - commonly used in the laboratory are corrosive or irritating to body tissue - concentrate in the fatty parts of the fish - deteriorate with time * Many chemicals found in edible plants are known to inhibit metastatic progression of cancer - industrial settings can also irritate the bronchi and cause inflammation - give off colored flames * Many chemicals have a dose-response threshold below which no adverse health effects occur - limited shelf-life - high concentrations at sampling sites near cities - several names both in English and other languages - the potential to improve our health and enrich our lives - pose invisible hazards and offer no warning properties - react with metal - still have their factory seals * Many chemicals used in household products are volatile - industry also are carcinogens - photographic processes give off hazardous vapours * More chemicals weaken the remaining cell membrane, allowing the two cells to fuse. * Most chemicals act as fuel. * Most chemicals affect growth - human health - muscle tension - also come in returnable containers, often in bulk quantities * Most chemicals are harmful to some degree - safe for the skin and body - toxic, and many are volatile - can cause both acute and chronic toxicity depending on the conditions of exposure * Most chemicals can have effects - harmful effects * Most chemicals can have serious effects * Most chemicals cause adverse reaction - allergic reaction - birth defects - chemical reaction - different effects * Most chemicals cause health effects - inflammatory reaction - irritation - reversible reaction - serious adverse reaction * Most chemicals cause skin irritation - term health effects - change color * Most chemicals come from breakdowns - homes - contaminate drink water * Most chemicals create chemical reaction - designed for moth control are unhealthy for humans to contact - dissolve in water * Most chemicals enter brains - environments - find in plantains * Most chemicals have beneficial properties - carbon - drastic effects - little effects - myriad potential use - narcotic effects - negative effects * Most chemicals have obvious effects * Most chemicals have potential beneficial properties - values - responses - side effects - toxic effects - help growth - increase excretion * Most chemicals interfere with growth - insect growth - normal growth - plant cell growth * Most chemicals kill bees - birds - certain pests - insects - lamprey larvae - microorganisms - other insects - songbirds - termites - make a different color or spectrum than other chemicals * Most chemicals perform different functions * Most chemicals produce chemical reaction * Most chemicals produce violent chemical reaction - result in effects * Most chemicals threaten arthropods - used for flea control can only control the larva and adult stages * Some chemicals absorb energy - food * Some chemicals accumulate in shellfish tissue - act as antifreeze - actually cause the glass and foam to melt away * Some chemicals affect development - embryo development - integrity - only certain target systems or target organs - reproduction - also leave no detectable trace elements in the human body - apparently have no safe threshold levels, as in the case of carcinogens * Some chemicals are acids - bases - beneficial and some are detrimental to humans - both irritants and allergens - by nature shock sensitive - effective against practically all types of substances - excreted by glands - extremely toxic while others are essentially nontoxic - far more dangerous than others - hazardous because of the health hazard they pose - located in oysters * Some chemicals are more dangerous than others - harmful than others to certain predatory insects - much easier to remove, such as ozone or chlorine - potent allergic sensitizers that cause dermal and respiratory problems * Some chemicals are produced by animals - black walnuts - causal organisms - live organisms - parasites - partners - trees - quite hazardous, while others are very safe * Some chemicals are secreted by glands - livers - pituitary glands - prostate glands - so flammable that they burn simply from contact with air - used by scientists - water soluable * Some chemicals attract bees - male wasps - predators - the insects too * Some chemicals become increasingly shock sensitive with age - shock-sensitive with age - more hazardous with age - bind to the active sites of proteins and prevent their proper function - break down large food particles into smaller ones - build up in large predator fish to a much greater extent than in panfish - burn the skin on contact - can also damage the skin * Some chemicals can be harmful to septic systems and sewers - toxic in more ways than one - unhealthy if inhaled * Some chemicals can cause an acne-like skin problem or cancer - irritation when inhaled into the lungs or absorbed through the skin - other materials to burn by supplying oxygen - physical injury due to fire or explosions - the heart to race out of control until it fails - circulate in a mother s blood, pass through the placenta, and reach the fetus - corrode metal pipes - degrade clay - easily penetrate gloves that work very well for other chemicals - explode or start fires - harm unborn babies - have a negative impact on the offspring a decade or more after parental exposure - interfere with the development of organs and tissues, causing birth defects - pass from mother to fetus in the womb - penetrate the skin's natural protective coatings and enter the bloodstream * Some chemicals cause allergy symptoms - brain damage - cancer or reproductive problems years after the actual time of exposure - comas - death - dehydration - diarrhea - diseases - harm many years after the exposure - illnesses - liver damage - mental illnesses - permanent damage - pollution - sickness - temporary comas - change with age and can become more harmful - come in direct contact * Some chemicals concentrate in the fatty tissues and internal organs of fish - wax, especially the lipophilic ones * Some chemicals contain a great deal of energy that can be released all at once - nutrients - orange pigment - plant nutrients - several compounds that are effective on all three fungi - contribute to smogs - decompose when heated - degrade in less time than it takes to put out a tank of spray - deteriorate upon exposure to the atmosphere - disrupt the body's ability to use oxygen * Some chemicals enter bloodstreams - eyes - intestines - lakes - small intestines - facilitate growth * Some chemicals find in clean products - fruit - geranium plants - milk thistles - natural materials - oil - sea sponges - semen - tobacco - wild plants * Some chemicals found in oil can cause cancer - paints, dyes, cosmetics and detergents can also cause rashes and blisters - the environment can produce kidney damage - give off undesirable odors - have a high acute toxicity but no chronic toxicity * Some chemicals have a limited shelf-life and become unstable or decompose altogether over time - shelf-life, so knowing how old they are is essential - an attractant effect that is only apparent in the presence of a second chemical - benefits - effects on the fertility or reproductive rates of animals - greater health consequences than others - higher loading capacities than others - offensive smell * Some chemicals have the ability of blocking both internal and external ethylene - to get into cells and damage their DNA, leading to disease - potential to seriously endanger life and pollute the environment * Some chemicals help degeneration - photosynthesis - stop mold growth - increase metabolism - inhibit germination - intercalate between base pairs * Some chemicals interfere with absorption - digestion - normal hormone function * Some chemicals irritate eyes * Some chemicals kill animals - bacteria - caterpillars - cockroaches - crabs - creatures - hares - herbivores - lions - mosquitoes - other animals - sea creatures - left by previous larvae can slow growth down * Some chemicals make up fossil fuel - plastic * Some chemicals neutralize nitrate - silver nitrate - pass into brains * Some chemicals pose hazards by contributing to fires and explosions - unique hazards * Some chemicals prevent blood - produce light - react on the skin surface, causing dermatitis * Some chemicals react with air and ignite spontaneously - each other and neutralize the medicines or cause harmful side - oxygen to produce potentially unstable chemical - water and produce excessive heat, and flammable or toxic gases - recrystallize almost immediately, while some take hours, days, or even weeks - reflect sunlight - released by the mast cells attract other immune cells - require an antidote, such as milk * Some chemicals require for growth - movement - stay active for a long time and build up in the environment - tend to separate when left standing for periods of time * Some chemicals threaten cats * Some chemicals use in artificial flavor - grape flavor - treatments * Some chemicals used are highly susceptible to corruption due to changes in environmental conditions - in the refinishing industry are very toxic and even carcinogenic * abundances in stars and gas * accumulate in the tissues of the bear with as yet unknown effects. * allow food to be more easily handled by automatic machinery. * also add to the solids concentration - affect behavior, sometimes leading to criminal conduct * also can have side-effects - wash into the water with the soil * also enter the air through carpeting, paint - sea from land-based activities - possess potential energy * analyses of minerals in the apatite group. * approaches to the design of specific inhibitors for labeling the active sites of enzymes - prevention and remediation of pollution - study of protein folding and unfolding - synthesis of peptides and proteins * are a dangerous poison to our bodies. * are a natural and important part of our environment - part of our world - way of life in most American homes * are also abiotic causes of plant disorders - useful for making body fluid visible - among the most highly regulated products in commerce - an important component of China's drive to modernize industrial production - available as prescription or non-prescription drugs to control lice - basic to manufacturing, and also to the treatment of drinking water - commercially available to reduce the number of mites in a hive - cycled between organic matter and abiotic reservoirs - essential for modern living - everywhere * are expensive and can cause environmental damage - have associated environmental risks - hazardous to various aspects of the global environment - important to our lifestyles and they are everywhere * are in our food, water and air - likely to pollute aquifers * are located in cabinets - chemistry labs - laboratories - swimming pools - mutagenic also cause cancer - necessary when economic populations are present and it is too early to cut * are part of our everyday lives - relatively easy to identify and quantify * are the building blocks of life - main option to manage disease in many parts of the world - silent helpers of radiation - usual cause of contact dermatitis - to be stored away from sunlight, heat, or ignition sources * are used to control corrosion by hydrochloric acid produced in distillation units - make it white * atoms themselves evolve in that they disintegrate by radio-active transformations. * binding agents are never necessary. * break down the blood clot - up the oil into small droplets which enter the water column * burns to digestive system and mucosal surface. * burns to the eyes are a medical emergency - throat, mouth or eye require emergency care * can also act as allergens. * can also cause chronic liver disease and cirrhosis - fires in garbage trucks - liver damage and subsequent photosensitization - enter the bloodstream through cuts or sores - interact with each other - leave the cell and function as the cell's output * can and are dangerous - do affect our health * can be effective in the early stages of the disease - in different forms - mixed and stored ahead of time - very toxic to permeable, amphibian skin - bind more easily to water then * can burn or irritate the skin - roots or stimulate growth faster than roots can supply water * can cause fires and explosions in private homes, in enterprises and under transportation - leukemia by encouraging chromosomes to break - non-communicable hazards - change with time and become unsafe to use - contaminate the water and kill desirable species - damage various parts of the hearing structures - directly affect the testes, where sperm originates - discourage growth of microorganisms in the sand bed - enter and irritate the nose, air passages and lungs * can enter the body and gradually produce poisoning - via the lungs through mists, fumes, vapors, and gases - get in or on food, drink, utensils, cigarettes, or hands where they can be ingested * can get into or on food, drink, utensils, cigarettes, or hands where they can be ingested - the environment many ways, both deliberately and accidentally * can have a wide range of effects on our health - obvious detrimental effects on the environment - increase soil fertility, reduce competition from weeds and insects and boost yields - migrate from disposal sites and contaminate sources of drinking water - move through air, water, and soil - only work as long as there is surface contact with waste build-up - vary enormously in the degree to which they penetrate the skin - very quickly produce organics in the presence of light and water * carried by particulates can also be toxic. - pollution, and the weeds seem to grow faster after chemicals have been used - psychological problems * cause serious adverse reaction - stress * circulate through whole body. - surface of fish, shellfish and humans * compounds that influence or activate brain functions. * comprise only one of many tools available for vegetative management and pest control. * controls for nematodes - pest management * cues mediating interactions between chalcidoid egg parasitoids and their chrysomelid hosts - chrysomelids and parasitoids * diffuse into the blood and are transported to all parts of the body, including the brain. * do go a long way in a small body. - our bodies through the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, and the respiratory tract * estrogens in rich foods cause the early onset of sexual maturity in girls. * even change inside our bodies. * exist in almost every aspect of man s everyday life. * form the basis of, or are added to, a huge variety of products in everyday use. * gather in their fat and bioaccumulate as the fish ages. * generally absorb more light in the UV and IR than in the visible - form two kinds of hazards, physical and health - react faster in liquids than in solids * get into essential oils in several different ways. * gives hope for use in weight loss. * handbooks state that barium is highly toxic to human beings. * have a way to leach into the soil and thus into the plants - different breakthrough times - limited effects in aerosol form - neutralize effects - taste - keep our food fresh and our bodies clean - or retard the growth of soil organisms - the good as well as the bad plants and bugs * leach into water Potential human health effects. * make problems. * migrate through soil as a result of both advection and diffusion. * move into and out of living organisms and are used over and over again - through the environment to reach people directly through water, the air, dust etc * need for oxidation. * occur normally in nature. * only mask odor temporarily. * oxidize and air impacts their shelf life. * play a key role in today's high-tech world - vital role in the manufacture of narcotics * pollute air * posisoning via gas and petrol products is one of the main poisonings. * produced by sea slugs and sponges to repel fish are useful as insecticides - the bacteria can cause inflammation in the the follicle and surrounding skin * protect our health and control pests. * provide increased crop yields and preserve food. * released by male and female beetles attract many beetles to tree. * remain in the soil for many years, which depletes the soil. * respond better because they are activated with hot water. * rise with the steam to contaminate distilled water while minerals are eliminated. * spills over large body areas Remove contaminated clothing while under shower. * stain clothes. * steal oxygen too. * take over the role of determining positive and negative synapse reinforcement. * taken from foxglove are used to make a prescription drug called digoxin. * tend to be much higher in the guts and liver of fish. * travel through the watershed and are eventually deposited in the Bay or rivers. * turn blood red on contact. * used for disinfection can be chlorine, iodine, or alcohol. * used in agriculture can also contaminate the waterwe drink - the cleaning process release organic gases - on lawns can poison and kill the grasses and small animals that live in the bay * wash off plants and into surface and ground water. * wastes in sewage are degraded by microorganisms during a multistage process. * weathering causes chemical changes in the minerals of a rock - changes the materials that make up rocks and soil - initially works along contacts between mineral grains * weathering involves changing one material into another such as changing coal into diamond - reactions between air and water and minerals in rocks - occurs more easily in the mafic minerals + Chemistry, Safety * Many chemicals are harmless, but there are some chemicals that are dangerous. Chromates can cause cancer. Hydrochloric acid can cause bad burns. Some chemicals like hydrogen can explode or catch fire. To stay safe, chemists experiment with chemicals in a chemical lab. They use special equipment and clothing to do reactions and keep the chemicals contained. + Hazard: Chemistry :: Safety * A 'hazard' is something that can be dangerous. Fire is sometimes a hazard. Explosives are a hazard. Many chemicals can be a hazard. There are ways to get rid of hazardous things. + Spectroscopy: Measurement * Spectroscopy' is the study of light as a function of length of the wave that has been emitted, reflected or shone through a solid, liquid, or gas. Many times it is analyzed when the chemical is heated, because it makes a special color of flame. Most chemicals make a different color or spectrum than other chemicals. This can be used to see what chemicals are in a substance. Spectroscopy allows scientists to investigate and explore things that are too small to be seen through a microscope, such as molecules, and the even smaller subatomic particles like protons, neutrons and electrons. There are special instruments to measure and analyse these light waves.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Chemical element * All chemical elements have many isotopes - radionuclides * Every chemical element yields a secondary radiation that is characteristic of that element. * Most chemical elements consist of more than one isotope. * Most chemical elements have isotopes - stable isotopes * Some chemical elements have no stable isotopes at all and are therefore rare. * act and react upon each other. * are elements - made of atoms - recycled within an ecosystem * constitute all of the ordinary matter of the universe. * exist naturally in the environment with different concentrations. * take different forms in the environment. + Radioactive decay: Nuclear physics * Chemical elements are made of atoms. In stable elements, the atom stays the same. In a chemical reaction, the atoms will form chemical bonds, with other atoms. Even if the bonds change during a reaction, the atoms themselves do not.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| chemical element: Cerium * alone is too soft, so iron is used to harden it. * gray lustrous malleable metal. * grey, shiny or lustrous metal. * has many uses, including as an alloying agent with iron and other metals. * highly electropositive metal and reacts with water. * is also an essential component of phosphors used in TV screens and fluorescent lamps - available in soluble forms including chlorides , nitrates and acetates * is an element it solid metal - iron-gray lustrous metal * is an iron-gray, malleable metal that oxidizes very readily at room temperature - soft, ductile and malleable metal - attacked readily by acids and alkalis - just one of the several rare earth metals that are important to industry - metallic elements - oxidised readily in air - relatively abundant in the Earth's crust - slightly harder than lead - soluble in concentrated or dilute mineral acids * is the most abundant of the metals of the so-called rare earths - rare earth elements - only one of the rare earth metals that can be easily separated from the others * is the second element of the lanthanide series - most active lanthanide after europium * is used as the surrogate for plutonium - by the motion picture industry for lighting purposes - in making lamp mantles as incandescence is formed when burned * malleable metal used in industrial applications. * malleable, soft, ductile, iron-grey metal, slightly harder than lead. * occurs chiefly in the minerals monazite and bastnaesite. * soft, malleable, ductile, iron-grey metal with hexagonal or cubic crystalline structure. * very reactive metal and quickly tarnishes in air. + Cerium, Properties: Chemical elements :: Metals * Cerium is a grey, shiny or lustrous metal. At room temperature Cerium is a solid. It burns in air to form a compound with one cerium atom and two oxygen atoms.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Chemical substance * All chemical substances can produce adverse health effects at some level of exposure. * Any chemical substance is toxic if it is ingested or absorbed in excessive amounts. * Every chemical substance emits a unique spectrum when it absorbs energy. * Most chemical substances combine with it when they crystallize. * Most chemical substances consist of chemical elements - different elements - contain atoms * Some chemical substances are produced by candidas - organisms - secreted by animals - dissolve in water - exist as air - find in blood - induce allergies * Some chemical substances inhibit bacterial growth - produce chemicals - release into air - use in food * can be chemical elements , chemical compounds , ions or alloys - solids , liquids , gases, or plasma * form part of daily life in modern societies, also in Denmark. * have the advantage of mobility. * increase in our blood stream. * occur in cigarette smoke as gases or as particulates.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Chromatin * Some chromatin has portions that begin to transcribe while the rest remains coiled. * Some chromatin is part of autosomes - axons - cells - choanocytes - chromosomes - dendrites - eggs - erythrocytes - gametes - leukocytes - lymphocytes - melanocytes - neurons - nits - nuclei - oocytes - osteoblasts - ova - phagocytes - spawn - spermatocytes - zygotes * attaches to the nuclear envelope or lamina. * becomes hot in cancer pathogenesis and therapy. * condenses to form chromosomes iii. * consists primarily of a. carbohydrate b. lipid c. protein d. * contains small amounts of other proteins besides histones and scaffold proteins. * is organic matter. * is part of chromosomes - nucleuses * refers to the complex of nucleic acids and proteins that make up chromosomes. * shows coarse clumping. * thickens into chromosomes And the nucleus fragments and the spindle forms. Common substance * Many common substances are colloids eg milk, ink, paint, cosmetics, blood, mineral slurries etc - harmful to dogs * are bleach, hair dye, cleaning products and battery acid.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Composite material * Most composite materials contain phases - have structures - possess properties - reduce cost * Some composite materials consist of detrituses. * Some composite materials have high strength * are a mixture of materials having widely different characteristics - both strong and light in comparison with single phase materials - structured materials composed of two or more macroscopic phases * can provide lightweight structures with high corrosion resistance. * combine two or more materials. * consist of fibers of glass, carbon or other substances mixed with a resin. - two or more macroscopic phases, one of which is often ceramic * open up possibilities that are denied to the users of isotropic substances. * produce hot fires. - operate cost * use stable, durable materials, some of which are byproducts. + Materials science, Composite materials * Another application of material science in industry is the making of composite materials. Composite materials are structured materials composed of two or more macroscopic phases. Space Shuttle thermal protection system which is used to protect the surface of the shuttle from the heat of re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. RCC is a laminated composite material made from graphite rayon cloth and impregnated with a phenolic resin. In order to provide oxidation resistance for reuse capability, the outer layers of the RCC are converted to silicon carbide.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Conductor * All conductors exhibit an effective diamagnetism when they experience a changing magnetic field - offer some resistance and the basic unit of resistance is the ohm * Any conductor possessing resistance gives off heat when a current flows through it. * Every conductor potential re radiator of interference. * Most conductors carry charge - electricity - conduct heat * Most conductors have conductivity - high conductivity - shapes - increase in resistivity as temperature increases * Some conductors have conduction bands - values * always have a very small amount of resistance to electrical conduction. * are a group of materials that offer low resistance to flow of current - charismatic leaders who are able to convey their vision to the public - collectors - copper or aluminum cables - devices - famous for the size of their egos - and their salaries - like water tanks, and wires are like pipes which are pre-filled with water * are located in operas - orchestras - subways * are materials in which charges move freely - that electricity flows through very easily - mostly metals such as gold, silver, copper, iron and lead - movement specialists whose philosophy and orientation is that of an educator - musical performers - musicians - part of electrical circuits - the power lines that carry the electricity to and through the grid to consumers - usually solid things like copper wires * become much more inductive when they are wound into coils. * conduct electrical current very easily because of their free electrons * contain charges, and during an electric current the conductors' charges flow. * experience forces. * have advantage - low electrical resistivities * lead orchestras and bands. * material that easily transfers energy. * model both radiative and conductive thermal paths - of high technology wizardry * provide protection. * select and interpret musical works, and lead bands, orchestras and choirs. + Conducting, Technique of conducting: Music * To be a good conductor is not easy. It is not just a question of giving a steady beat. A good conductor has to know the music extremely well so that they can hear any wrong notes. They need to be able to imagine exactly the sound they want the orchestra to make. They also have to communicate this to the orchestra so that they know what the conductor wants. Some conductors speak very little during their rehearsals. They make everything clear through the way they conduct. + Performing music from memory: Musical performance techniques * Most Classical musicians will agree that it is good to play from memory when performing as a soloist. A pianist playing a recital will usually play everything from memory. Some conductors conduct from memory. If they do, they ought to know every single note for every single instrument from memory. There are some conductors who have such amazing memories that they can do this.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| conductor: Copper * Collages From a series of galvanized and copper collages using industrial materials. * Most copper conducts electricity. * Most copper has antimicrobial properties - heat capacity * Most copper has high conductivity - thermal conductivity * Most copper has low specific capacity * Most copper has thermal conductivity - is stored in the liver * Much copper is found in the mountains. * Some copper contains water - has electric charge - is necessary in our diets for good health - reacts with oxygen * Used in lead-fluxed glazes, produces a bright green. * accumulates in the liver and nervous system leading to severe liver and neurological disease * acts as a catalyst in the formation of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying blood component - coenzyme in hemoglobin production - lubricant for moderately sever forming - to soften pewter, making it more workable * affects the elasticity of blood vessels. * alloys for a wide range of applications. * also aids tissue growth, glucose metabolism, and growth of healthy hair - causes brittle and thin nails * also has an effect on fertility - excellent resistance to corrosion * also helps maintain proper color of skin and hair - promote tissue building and repair in the skin - proper bone formation and maintenance * also is an essential nutrient - used in plumbing, and is an alloy in brass and bronze products - occurs naturally in plants and animals * also plays a fundamental role in bone formation and maintenance - role regulating blood clotting - responds to heat changes more rapidly than any other metal * are a group that are popular and found mostly in open areas of marshes and meadows. * atoms on silica surface. * better conductor of electricity than aluminum, the metal used in most chips today - electricity, and silicon makes for faster computer chips - heat and electricity than any other metal except silver * boosts activity of anti-inflammatory drugs. * brings more blood flow and oxygen to the area of inflamantion, reducing pain or discomfort. * broad-spectrum fungicide which prevents fungal and bacterial spores from germinating. * can act as a catalyst - adversely affect the lungs, liver and kidneys - also come from pollutants in the water supply * can be especially toxic to fish - phytotoxic - cause respiratory irritation, nausea and metal fume fever - combine with many different elements to form many different minerals - easily leach into the drinking water as the pipes age - get a covering of Verdigris, which green-colored compound - interfere with gill function and if improperly used can be toxic to fish - overheat and burn, and is relatively unreliable - transfer heat faster than aluminium, but takes longer to dissipate heat * carries the electrons which power our modern world. * causes blue color in vesuvianite - staining and imparts a metallic bitter taste - the blue colour * changes with weather, becoming even more beautiful as time passes. * chelates as possible active forms of the antiarthritic agents. * cofactor in several enzyme systems in the body. * combines with proteins to form many enzymes critical for life. * comes in several forms including ionic and chelated forms - which can be used in water * component of many enzymes and cell structures - numerous enzymes that affect a wide variety of metabolic processes * conducts electricity better than aluminum does - well and is used in electric wires - heat far more evenly than aluminum * containing sprays can help control the disease. * contains melanin which is the pigment that colors hair and skin - minute amounts of copper sulfate which natural algaecide * creates an essential enzyme for the regeneration of cartilage and bone. * cuts through faster than iron or thread. * daily dietary requirement and silver has long been used as a purifier. * destroys vitamin C and increases oxidation. * ductile metal. * eliminates sulphur and thereby ensures the flavour. * enters the air, mainly through release during the combustion of fossil fuels - body through the digestive tract * enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. * fairly ordinary, yet precious, metal. * first absorbs, then radiates heat. * forms onto aluminum. * fungicide and the aspirin makes the water more acidic. * gives a bluish tone, sodium is yellow, strontium is red - an ethnic or antique look to jewelry * good conductor of electricity. * great thermal conductor. * has a brownish red colour - contraceptive effect when present in the uterus - higher ductility than alternate metal conductors with the exception of gold and silver - long history of reusing small structures in several different areas - lot of loosely held electrons so it s a good conductor - low coefficient of thermal expansion for an electrical conducting material * has a lower electrical resistivity than that of aluminum - resistivity and better conductor of electricity than iron - much higher melting point than zinc does - an electric charge which shocks the snail's slimy body if it tries to cross it - another biological function in animals such as snails, lobsters and spiders - exceptional conductivity for wire and wafers, which enables faster processing speeds * has heat capacity - conductivity values * has high conductivity and low resistivity - resistance to corrosion and is easily drawn or bent - toxicity to aquatic organisms - higher heat conductivity than aluminum - less resistance than aluminum and, therefore, transmits electrical signals faster * has low chemical reactivity - solubility, which enables it to persist in the soil for years - lower resistivity, and ultimately lower resistance, than aluminum - one free electron per atom - problems on the electron level - relative permeab - several important functions in the body * has the ability to pierce the protective outer membrane of a cell and disrupt enzyme balance - highest diffusivity over the entire temperature range - smallest margin of error of any of the trace minerals - strength required to withstand fluid pressures in large air conditioning systems * has two naturally occurring isotopes - stable isotopes * has very good resistance to corrosion - low energy consumption in manufacture and refining - vital roles in enzymes as prosthetic groups - wide use as an agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification * heavy metal and possibly acts as a poison that blocks the normal biochemical functions - which accumulates in the sediment and remains forever toxic * helpful cofactor for red blood cell synthesis. * helps combine collagen and elastin, and zinc aids in the growth and repair of tissue - control fire blight by reducing inoculum from overwintering cankers - convert tyrosine into a pigment that colors the skin and hair - create hemoglobin and prevents the development of emphysema - enzymes release energy - in the formation fo red blood cells * helps make hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood - red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body * helps rid the body of parasites and is required for various enzyme reactions - parasites, and is beneficial for graying and thinning hair - stabilize egg whites without cream of tartar - to strengthen connective tissue, ligaments, and tendons * highly conductive metal, but it is soft - recyclable material and helps to meet sustainability goals * improves absorption and utilization of iron - the thyroid metabolism, especially in hormone production and absorption * includes atoms. * increases microprocessor performance substantially over chips that use aluminum wire - the production of red blood cells * interacts with everything and degrades the material. * is able to be absorbed through the skin - about twice as effective as aluminum, but it is also very heavy * is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine, and stored in the liver , kidneys, and brain - active in many ways in the human body - added to the zinc sulfide as an activator - alloyed with other metals to give it special properties * is also a component of the over-expressed superoxide dismutase - important in international trade with Chile and a few other countries - part of several compounds important in photosynthesis - relatively abundant - vital for keeping our skin, blood vessels and connective tissue supple and elastic - an ancient remedy for aches, muscle pains, growing pains and teething pains * is an effective bacterial inhibitor - barrier to slugs * is an essential element for plant growth - in the process of tissue repair * is an essential mineral but in excess, it can be toxic - nutrient that is found in soil and plants * is an essential nutrient for humans - in low concentrations that is metabolized by the body - needed for healthy growth, development, and metabolism - to all living organisms - nutrient, and without copper , people die - part of the human diet * is an essential trace element for sustaining life - found throughout the body * is an essential trace mineral found in the liver, brain, heart, kidneys and skeletal muscle - present in all body tissues - mineral, but it is needed only in minute amounts - example of a primary commodity * is an excellent conductor of electricity - heat conductor, but it little more expensive and requires maintenance - metal for use in distilling - ideal conductor at virtually any length and diameter suitable for cathodic protection * is an important component of many enzyme systems essential for normal growth and development - enzyme component - mineral in the formation of red blood cells - industrial metal, and is effected mainly by basic production and consumption concerns * is another mineral with potential environmental problems - necessary component of the plasma - organic fungicide - applied in fall to remove leaves for bacterial conker control - available in many foods - below nickel in the reactivity series * is better because it's a better conductor of heat - than aluminum for transferring heat - biostatic - both very dense and very soft - bound, or adsorbed, to organic materials, and to clay and mineral surfaces - by far the most important mineral - catalytic, so burning electric wire prime source - cheaper than silver and, next to silver, is the best conductor of electricity - chemical elements - close to silver, and is much less expensive - component of several methalloenzimes, including tirosinase and dopamine b hidroxilase - concentrated in roots of plants and plays a part in nitrogen metabolism - considered a better conductor of electricity than aluminum * is considered to be among the more mobile of the heavy metals in surface environments - an essential element in our bodies, just like iron and zinc - currently the most commonly used pesticide in boat bottom paint - displaced by fibre optics - durable enough to embed in concrete - easiest to extract and mold - easily mixed with other metals to form alloys such as bronze and brass * is easy to manufacture and inexpensive, while nickel plating makes it abrasion resistant - work and has excellent thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and durability - effective in reducing pain and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis - elevated by estrogen - energy efficient as it heats and cools quickly - essential for activity of numerous proteins and for life * is essential for all life, but only in small quantities - living things - cellular metabolism and the transport of oxygen, as well by some enzymes - good tendons and ligaments - melanin production that causes hair pigmentation - normal metabolism and hemoglobin synthesis in humans - our bodies to work properly - proper enzyme function and maintenance of elastic connective tissue * is essential for the formation of collagen which forms the structure of all the body - proper functioning of the body in many ways - in the aerobic respiration of all eukaryotes * is essential to strong bones - the goat's body * is excreted through feces and urine - via the liver and can build up if liver function is impaired - exported to markets in Spain, Germany, Finland, Brazil and Canada * is found in all body tissues - the tissues of the body - enzymes and in other biological molecules involved in respiration * is found in foods such as chocolate, spinach and lobster - organ meats, seafood, nuts and seeds - liver, fish, whole grains, and legumes - many alloys, such as brass and bronze, as well as in welding electrodes - most foods - nuts, shellfish, beans, and chocolate - organ meats, seafood and nuts - seafood, nuts, legumes, green leafy vegetables * is found in small amounts in living things - the body and is needed for several normal functions - sweat - the feeding supplement for cattle and swine diet - on every continent in the form of sulfide, oxide and carbonate compounds - throughout the archipelago - fragile electronically and easily compromised intentionally or by mistake - good conductors - important for the development of health bones, collagen, nerves and melanin in the skin * is important in cytochrome c oxidase - seed formation and in nitrogen metabolism - indeed a better conductor than aluminum - indispensable to human health * is involved in iron incorporation into hemoglobin - stabilizing bone collagen and elastin synthesis - just one of the more popular materials that is used for conductors - known to play a vital role in the action of certain enzymes in the body - least likely to show up as a deficiency on our mineral soils in Missouri - less available in alkaline soils, and in peat based soils and media - located in the southern rockies of the United States and the central rockies of Colorado - low in the reactivity series - made pure by electrolyzing it - malleable, ductile and long lasting - metallic elements * is mined at great expense from deposits primarily found in South America - by either underground or open pit mining - in an open pit * is more conductive and can be made into thinner wires - efficient at transferring heat, flat out - expensive, but better conductor and is less prone to corrosion than aluminum - most concentrated in the brain and liver - much heavier, and can hold a lot more heat * is much more conductive than aluminum, allowing finer wires with lower resistive losses - expensive than fibre - naturally resistant to corrosion - near the bottom of the reactivity series, while iron is higher up * is necessary for good health, but large daily intakes of copper can be harmful - photosynthesis and for metabolizing nutrients into usable energy sources - proper development of connective tissue, nerve coverings, and skin pigment * is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin - protein to function and also helps in holding the protein together - needed to absorb and utilize iron - no exception, and in addition, is essential to the health of all living organisms - non magnetic and non sparking - notoriously hard to clean, while stainless steel is, well, stainless - obtained by smelting, leaching and by electrolysis * is one example of a malleable metal - of the best conductors * is one of the factors in hemoglobin formulation and helps stimulate the absorption of iron - known to influence elastin * is one of the few metals that exists naturally as an element in the earth - tracer metals that is essential for all species - microelements necessary for living organisms - minerals required for proper development and growth of the body - most important metals - oldest metal substances which man used to unearth - such mineral whose absorption is depressed with too much zinc - oxidized because of the unusually high stability of the products - part of copper wiring - passivated to retard oxidation and improve solderability - pennies - poured on naked flame which burns off sulfur and other impurities , leaving raw copper - precious to villagers in the most rural parts of Africa - preferred as coldplate material because it removes heat faster than aluminum * is present in every cell - small amounts in most foods - produced by open pit and underground mining * is quite common in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan - rare - resistant to the attack of sea water seepage from the ocean - reddish with a bright metallic lustre - reddish-brown and is an electrical conductor - released to water from soil and industrial and sewage treatment discharge * is required for the formation of melanin pigment in the skin and hair - function of angiogenesis * is required in cellular respiration, bone formation and cardiac function - slightly acidic and reacts with certain foods and therefore usually is lined - so prevalent that it is difficult to list all of the uses of copper * is soft and can be rolled and flattened - extremly ductile and malleable - but tough - soft, and tends to wear - somewhat twice as good as aluminum * is stored in the liver and excreted in bile salts - lymph glands and used to neutralize infections - taken through a series of chemical changes - ten times higher in dog liver than in human liver - the benchmark for electrical and thermal conductivity * is the best conductor and aluminum comes second - of heat, meaning it heats up the fastest and cooks the most evenly - low-cost conductor of electricity - big metallic - along with galvanized metal and silver - color of the hearth and the home - conductive medium through which electrical currents travel - dominant material for tubing and pipe in the residential plumbing market - electrical conductor in many categories of electrical wiring - main ingredient in all forms of birth control other than abstinence - major mineral resource * is the metal commonly used to manufacture water pipes - used for plumbing in houses - most common micromineral deficiency in grazing cattle * is the most commonly used base metal, yielding a redder color - material to carry electricity - effective way to kill algae in swimming pools - expensive but also has the highest thermal conductivity - plentiful of the most efficient electric power production and conduction metals - name of the element - nation's number one export - only naturally occurring metal other than gold that has a distinctive colour - preferred material for intaglio engraving - primary barrier between the fuel and the environment - principal active ingredient, protecting against termites and fungal decay * is the second most conductive element, and gold is the third, when comparing by volume - used metal in the world - standard benchmark for electrical conduitivity - thought to act as an anti-inflammatory for joint and connective tissue related problems * is toxic to organisms at the base of the Bay's food chain - sheep at lower concentrations than it is for other livestock - transition metal - unlikely to be deficient on mineral soil, except perhaps on very sandy soils - used as wiring in computer chips, and the technology is new * is used by plants, and is an essential part of their photosynthetic pathways - various enzymes in the body as a helper for the chemical reaction - extensively in electrical wiring and circuitry * is used for blue ink, bronze, and brass - electrical conductors, motors, appliances, piping and in metal alloys - pennies and for electrical wires - heavily for electrical applications * is used in electrical wiring and electrical circuits throughout the world * is used in many forms and takes each work through a living process - wires because it has a lower resistance than many other metals * is used in the formation of red blood cells and helps to produce several respiratory enzymes - making of coins for a number of countries - wiring that distributes the power to our homes and offices - wires and such * is used to create stills for distilling spirits, for example to make whisky - make electrical wire, coins, and bronze - treat algae in some reservoirs - widely in appliances, computers, vehicles, and residential and telephone wiring - usually the most cost-effective electrical conductor - utilized in the production of red blood cells * is very important in Arizona - the reproduction process and affects the yield - poisonous to crustaceans - soft and easily formed - toxic to fish and microorganisms * is vital for liver functions - in the building of connective tissues by combining collagen and elastin * is vital to life in small amounts, but toxic at high doses - the health of the body from foetal development right through to old age * joins selenium, calcium, carotenoids, and fiber as being important for a healthy colon. * known algaestat, while silver ions are a good bactericide. * leads gold and silver in importance in Arizona. * lowers the histamine levels. * makes an important alloy with aluminum to make aluminum bronzes. * melted under non oxidizing conditions is called oxygen free copper. * metal found in natural deposits as ores containing other elements. * mineral in the body - involved in making red blood cells and developing a strong immune system * moves very little in soils and thus can accumulate when application rates exceed utilization. * native metal , which means it can be found in an uncombined metallic form. * natural antibacterial - yeast fighter Copper improves epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine * naturally occurring metal that is extensively mined and processed in the United States. * necessary mineral for red blood cell formation. * needed micronutrient in our diets. * needs to be in balance with zinc and selenium. * never require painting for protection from corrosion. * nonmagnetic metal. * occurs naturally at very low levels - in elemental form and as a component of many minerals - with elements such as lead, nickel, silver and zinc * often contains arsenic as an impurity. * orange, red, and brownish ductile transition metal. * paints from marine vessels impact bays and harbors. * plays a major role in antioxidant enzyme systems - part in iron metabolism, but the exact mechanism is unclear - role in making blood cells, helps immune function and inactivates free radicals * plays a role in the formation of bones - an important role in chlorophyll production and protein synthesis * plentiful natural resource on Earth. * popular algaecide in commercial and residential pools. * primary component of the Pill since copper helps control the ovulation cycle * produces a red. * proven algaecide and algaestat. * quality product. * ranks second for as most-used metal in the world. * rapidly enters the bloodstream and is distributed throughout the body after ingestion. * reacts with acidic foods like tomatoes or lemon juice to form copper oxides. * reddish metal that occurs naturally in rock, soil, water, plants, sediment, and air. * reddish metal with a face-centered cubic crystalline structure - high luster * reddish-yellow material and is extremely ductile. * regulates iron levels in the body - the activity of sebaceous glands * related hepatitis is for more common in female dogs, as well as in certain dog breeds. * relatively soft, reddish metal that conducts heat and electricity well. * replaces aluminum as the conductor. * reportedly helps foot odor. * represents the fire, warmth and passion of Utah's history. * residues that persist until bloom can cause fruit russetting. * soft, reddish-orangish metal. * stabilizes azurin by decreasing the unfolding rate. * strengthens connective tissue and collagen and inhibits bone loss - the proteins of egg whites for more lift and stability * symbol of wealth. * then accumulates in the liver, and in specific places in the nervous system causing damage. * third, more subdued, earthy metallic. * trace element and is essential for health but is toxic in relatively small amounts - that is found in virtually every cell of the human body - element, an essential mineral that can be toxic in excess * tungsten A porous tungsten material infiltrated with copper. * turns from pink to brown in air - greenish when exposed to chlorine - greenish-blue when hydrates form - it ruby red, cobalt makes it blue and iron becomes green * typically forms a bluish green solution. * usually produces green and blue colors. * very cost-effective fungicide protecting against decay - pure metal * waste of time and money. * well know algicide and silver powerful bactericide - known algaecide and silver powerful bactericide * well-known catalyst of dioxin formation during the roasting operation. * works with iron in the formation of hemoglobin - to produce red blood cells and keep body tissues properly oxygenated - vitamin C in the formation of connective tissue * yields a flame that blushes with cool greens and blues. + Coinage metal, Applications * Copper is used extensively in electrical wiring and circuitry. Gold contacts are sometimes found in precision equipment for their ability to remain corrosion-free - Characteristics: Periodic table :: Chemical elements :: Currency * These elements have low electrical resistivity so they are used for wiring. Copper is the cheapest and most widely used. Bond wires for integrated circuits are usually gold. Silver and silver plated copper wiring are found in some special applications + Copper, Occurrence: Chemical elements :: Metals * Copper can be found as a metal in the ground. Normally, it is green on the outside. Most copper is not as a metal but in chemical compounds. Chalcopyrite is the most common copper ore. It is a mixture of pyrite and copper sulfide. Copper is found in small amounts in living things. Some mollusks and arthropods have blue blood because they have copper in their blood. Animals such as humans and other mammals have red blood because it contains iron - Preparation * Copper is made pure by electrolyzing it. A thin sheet of pure copper is put on the cathode and a thick sheet of impure copper is put on the anode. The electrolyte is copper sulfate. The impure copper gets dissolved in the solution. It then coats the thin sheet of pure copper. This makes the copper pure + Copper, Uses, As an element * Copper may be the oldest metal in use, as very old copper tools have been found. Copper is used in electrical wiring. It can also be shaped into various parts. It can be used in a heat sink. The Statue of Liberty is made of copper. It is also used in pipes carrying water, because it does not corrode * Copper is important in the human body. If a person does not get enough copper, the molecules in the body might not work. Having too much copper, though, can be a problem. Humans get most of the copper they need from food, and vitamins also contain copper to make sure we get enough. Copper compounds are also used to kill fungi and algae + Metallurgy, How to make metals -or- get metals from rocks: Technology * Copper is poured on naked flame which burns off sulfur and other impurities, leaving raw copper. An electric current is led in the pool, and all copper will gather on the electrode called cathode.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| conductor \| copper: Copper sulfate * appears to be toxic to catfish held at low temperatures under laboratory conditions. * can be corrosive to the skin and eyes - kill plants by disrupting photosynthesis * comes in several forms depending on how finely it is ground. * common supplement source for horses. * creates a blue flame and who knows what evil that produces. * is approved for use by certified organic growers - blue and odorless - classified for shipping purposes as a hazardous substance or hazardous waste - corrosive to galvanized containers - crystal - effective only for algae control - highly corrosive to plain steel, iron and galvanized pipes - inorganic compounds - ionic compounds - practically nontoxic to birds - probably one of most widely used fungicides by farmers and gardeners alike - somewhat toxic to humans * is toxic substances - to aquatic invertebrates, such as crab, shrimp and oysters - triclinic * is used at whatever concentration is safe in the existing water chemistry - in copper plating, in fabric printing, and in electric cells - water soluble, and dissolves fairly easily when mixed with water * makes triclinic crystals. * synthetic form of copper. + Copper(II) sulfate, Safety: Sulfur compounds :: Copper compounds * Copper sulfate is somewhat toxic to humans. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986 Guidance for reregistration of pesticide products containing copper sulfate. Fact sheet no 100. Office of Pesticide Programs. It is very toxic to fish, though. + Crystal structure * The 'crystal structure' of a chemical is the shape of the crystal. There are several shapes of crystals. Sodium chloride is a cube. Copper sulfate is triclinic. Most things, even metals, have crystal structures. Some crystals fit more atoms in them than others. These crystals weigh more. + Triclinic: Chemistry :: Minerals * A 'triclinic' crystal is shaped almost like a rectangle. It is slightly bent, though. Copper sulfate makes triclinic crystals. Dietary copper * affects lipid and cholesterol metabolism in finishing steers. * influences reproductive efficiency of queens. * is important to doctors and nutritionists. Excess copper * can cause stomach problems. * decreases molybdenum levels. * is stored in the liver. High copper * can be toxic. * interferes with zinc, which is needed to manufacture digestive enzymes. Pure copper * Most pure copper has conductivity - thermal conductivity * is alloyed with many other elements to produce minor changes in properties - obtained by electrolysis - red-orange in color * is soft and can be drawn into wire or hammered into desired shapes - enough to accept a charge of diamond dust if properly applied * much better electrical conductor at normal operating conditions. * single phase alloy. Solid copper * is copper - solid objects - the primary material used, with some accents provided by bronze and brass * makes for the lightest batter for omelets, souffles, zabaglione, etc. Electrical conductor * Every electrical conductor carrying a current has a magnetic field surrounding the conductor. * Most electrical conductors conduct heat. * allow electric current to flow easily because of the make up of their atoms. * are placed on the cell to absorb the electrons - usually metal because metals generally have high conductivity * attach to the protector and run down to the conductor. * have electric charges that move freely.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| conductor: Electrode * Some electrodes continue to activate single muscles selectively after several months. * are complete with attachments and couplings - harmless devices with wires that lead to a recording machine - metal shells encased in glass with wires on the end * are part of batteries - electronic equipment - tubes - placed upon hands and feet and a small electrical current is passed through the body - sensors that record the activity of the heart - simply the electrical conductors - small metal plates that apply a safe, imperceptibly tiny voltage across the skin - the place the two meet - two different kinds of metals that can make electricity between each other * array in cochlea. * conduct current out of the cell. * detect the brain's activity. * extract chlorine from brine. * measure changes in the number and type of brain waves - resting brain waves and when sound is made * pass impulses to a machine that records wave forms on graph paper. * placed on the head can record brain waves around the clock. * stimulate the hearing nerve. * take pictures of the heart in between every beat. * tend to break on bundles. * transforms it into electric voltage. ### substance \| conductor \| electrode: Cathode * are a mixture of manganese dioxide, carbon conductor and electrolyte - negative * are part of storage batteries - terminals * is an electrode * rays Almost all discoveries related to particles such as electrons, ions, etc. * spew electrons into a chamber filled with xenon gas. Emitter * are electrodes - part of transistors * come in a variety of different flow rates. * deliver the small amounts of water to the plants. * distribute water in gallons per hour and sprinklers in gallons per minute. * vary as to how much water is released. Good conductor * Good Conductors are metal such a iron and aluminum. * Most good conductors conduct heat. * have low resistivities while bad conductors and insulators have high resistivities - resistivity and insulators have high resistivity<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| conductor: Heat sink * are at the lower temperatures - conductors - found in most computers - most efficient when there uniform heat flux applied over the entire base - one such example of using simple physical principles to keep temperatures low - sinks * increase the effective surface area of the power supply. * are found in most computers. The chips inside a computer can get very hot. Therefore they need to be cooled, so that they don't break. This is usually done with a heat sink. Heat sinks are also found in most high fidelity audio amplifiers. Orchestra conductor * lead orchestras and bands. * live three to seven years longer than is usual in their societies. Poor conductor * are called insulators. * can reduce heat loss. * reduce the number of electrons flowing.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| conductor: Semiconductor * Most semiconductors are heat sensitive - more sensitive to temperature changes than metals * Some semiconductors contain cadmium. * account for the largest proportion of the active component sector. * also have special optical properties when exposed to electricity or light. * are all-silicon devices and hermetically sealed in metal or ceramic cases - an important class of materials widely used in the modern electronics - commodities, just like pork bellies and wheat - crystalline or amorphous solids with distinct electrical characteristics - essential parts of computers and other electronics - even more challenging than metals * are materials that are neither conductors nor insulators - can be altered to be either a conductor or an insulator - part-time musicians - parts of personal computers * are the brains of our machines, from computers to coffee pots - building blocks of the information age - driving force of the information technology age and of all things electronic - enabling technology of the information revolution - foundation of microelectronics - heart of the computer industry - materials that are neither good conductors nor good insulators - tiny crystals, such as silicon or germanium, that conduct electricity * are used to make diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits - photocells * behave somewhere in between. * can be intrinsic or extrinsic. * form the core of the electronics industry and global economy. * go in everything from planes to phones to personal computers, all across the board. * have an energy gap between the bonding electrons and the conduction band - important applications in the electronics industry - intermediate values of both - many very important applications today in the electronics industry - moderate resistance and insulators have high resistance * is electronic devices - the modern term for silicon technology * lie at the heart of micro-electronic devices. * play a vital role in the modern electronic industry. * processes now permit entire systems to fit on a single chip. * put up varying levels of resistance, which constrains electron velocity. * switches, high voltage breakdown, and gaseous electronics. * very complex process. * when formulated as ink has anti-inflammatory activity. + Photodetector: Electronic components Semiconductor device * All semiconductor devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge. * Many semiconductor devices used in electronics are particularly sensitive to static discharge. * are conductors.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| conductor \| semiconductor: Biochip * BioChips introduce a new paradigm in protein molecular mapping strategies. * are chips - glass slides to which are affixed microscopic, three-dimensional pads of a gel - tiny arrays of thousands of minute gel pads mounted on glass slides * have applications in detecting toxic chemicals, identifying diseases, and fighting crime - multiple potential uses in medicine, including drug development * is semiconductor * represent the most advanced method to analyze biomolecules, particularly nucleic acids. Compound semiconductor * are made of two or more elements. * lack sufficient hole mobility to provide spectroscopic information. Doped semiconductor * are referred to as extrinsic. * have extra bands in the forbidden gap. Electronic transistor * is semiconductor * use electrons to control, amplify, or switch electrons. Gene chip * are chips. * enable researchers to detect expressions of a large number of genes at once. * have the ability to show which genes in a cell are active at a specific time. * measure the expression of every gene at once.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| conductor \| semiconductor: Memory chip * Most memory chips have black or chrome coating, or packaging , to protect their circuitry. - part of computers * contain blank memory. + Photolithography, Manufacturing: Technology :: Electronics * Memory chips have thousands or millions of identical cells.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| conductor \| semiconductor: Microchip * appear to be headed back to the plastic age. * are a safer form of identification of lost birds - about the same size as a grain of rice - far more widespread than PCs in terms of numbers - now part of such everyday items as toasters - passive devices, which means they have no internal energy source * are the main weapon to combat our nations number one animal killer, unidentified animals - tiny implants that are usually put under the skin on the horse's neck * can help reunite lost dogs with their owners. * ensure safety of wild rhinos. * have different frequencies. * insert in the neck muscle are also excellent way to identify an animal. * is semiconductor * manufactures a family of low-cost microcontrollers and support chips.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| conductor \| semiconductor: Microprocessor * All microprocessors require an operating system and there are a lot of microprocessors in the world. * act as the brains of computers. * amplify the electricity and measure it to calculate the G-force. * are chips - classified by the size of their data bus or address bus - electronic components - everywhere - integrated circuits - located in computers - made from silicon, quartz, metals, and other chemicals - miniaturized devices that often implement stored program CPUs - part of personal computers - programmable and the program is usually stored in a ROM or main memory * are the brains behind personal computers - of every computer * are the central brains of a computer - processing units of computer systems - most important kind of non-memory chips - silicon chips that process data in computers - very sensitive to the clock's voltage level, duty cycle, and noise - vital engines of growth in the new information-based economy * can get confused, and like human brains, they often work better after a rest. * contain both combinational logic and sequential digital logic. * continue to become smaller, more powerful and cheaper. * control temperature, cylinder speeds, mechanical action, and moisture levels. * convert the control commands into motion signals for a machine's axes. * generate more heat with increased device densities and faster clock rates. * help making cars safer - to do everything from writing to searching the Web * is semiconductor * run virtually every telecom system. * simplify the process of data processing. + Computer, Analog and Digital Computers, High-scale computers: Tools * A 'microprocessor' is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work. It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together. Microprocessors help to do everything from writing to searching the Web. + Microprocessor, Facts and figures: Electronic components :: Microprocessor design * Microprocessors are classified by the size of their data bus or address bus. They are also grouped into CISC and RISC types. ### substance \| conductor \| semiconductor \| microprocessor: Modern microprocessor * achieve higher speed by implementing pipelined architectures. * rely on efficient, high-speed circuits to perform arithmetic quickly.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| conductor \| semiconductor: Semiconductor diode * are made of two types of semiconductors connected to each other. + Diode, Construction: Electronic components * Semiconductor diodes are made of two types of semiconductors connected to each other. Because of this, the electricity will flow easily from the side with too many electrons to the side with too few. However, electricity will not flow easily in the reverse direction.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| conductor \| semiconductor: Silicon chip * are about as dangerous as broken glass - small - used in integrated circuits * can contain computer processors , memory and special devices. * depend upon the directional crystal properties to function. * hold thousands of transistors. * is semiconductor * start with sand. * use infinitesimal amounts of sand and other readily available materials. + Integrated circuit: Computer hardware :: Electronic components :: Electronic circuits * Silicon chips can contain computer processors, memory and special devices. The chip is very fragile and so is normally surrounded by a tough plastic package, and electrical contact with the chip is provided through metal legs sticking out of the package.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| conductor \| semiconductor: Thermistor * also are used as fuel-level sensors in gas tanks. * are devices that change electrical resistance as temperature changes - electronic components - passive semiconductors which produce resistance values dependent on temperature - products - resistors whose resistance varies with temperature - semiconductor devices * change their resistance to the flow of electricity as the temperature changes. * have a higher sensitivity than thermocouples or RTDs - narrow temperature range compared to thermocouples and RTDs - negative temperature coefficient * measure soil temperatures. * usually have negative temperature coefficients.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| conductor \| semiconductor: Transistor * Most transistors are kinds of triodes - have three connections * Some transistors can work with much higher currents, or have much higher current gains, etc. * act as electrical switches that direct electrons around electronic circuits. * also allow power to go only in one direction - amplify the signal, but they use current insead of voltage to do it * always have one round side and one flat side. * amplify or switch electrical signals. * are also essential parts of amplifier circuits and devices - at the heart of all modern computers - devices found in many electronic instruments, such as radios and televisions * are electronic components - less sophisticated than neurons - located in cell phones - miniature electronic switches - much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat - part of circuits - semiconductor devices - switches that control electron flow in a microchip, the brains of a computer - the building blocks of the microprocessor, which is the brain of the computer * are the main component of the microchips used in computers - components of microprocessors - workhorses of integrated circuits * can be plastic encapsulated. * come in unipolar and bipolar configurations. * control electrical signals in certain ways. * have no moving parts and are turned on and off by electrical signals - two positions- on and off - the number of transistors on the chip * make up logic gates. * require only a small amount of electrical current to run powerful computers. * serve as switches and amplifiers for electrical current. * switch and modulate electronic current. * work by currents flowing one direction through the gate. + Amplifier, History * Since the 1960s, most electronic amplifiers have been built with transistors. Transistors are lighter, cheaper, and more reliable. + Preamplifier: Electronic musical instruments :: Electronics :: Audio technology * Early preamplifiers used vacuum tubes. Since the 1960s, most electronic amplifiers have been built with transistors. Transistors are lighter, less expensive, and more reliable. * The transistor can be used for a variety of different things including amplifiers and digital switches for computer microprocessors. Some transistors are individually packaged, mainly so they can handle high power. Most are inside integrated circuits. Silicon * Most silicon has conductivity. * Some silicon becomes conductors. * includes atoms. * is an element ### substance \| conductor \| silicon: Amorphous silicon * acts as a photo-diode that produces currents when exposed to exterior light. * glassy form of silicon, one of the most common elements in the earth's crust. * photodiodes for replacing degenerated photoreceptors in the human eye. * relatively new material. Crystalline silicon * has a metallic grayish color - luster and grayish color - the same structure as diamond - vibrations which can be classified by wavevector and by branch * is more expensive, than hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Pure silicon * can exist in a shiny dark grey crystalline form or as an amorphous powder. * has few free electrons and is quite resistive. * is manufactured for the electronics industry - needed for the computer chips and integrated circuits found in so many items - now of great importance in the electronics industry as a semiconductor * poor electrical conductor at room temperature. Transmission line * are high-voltage power lines - the big ones that run from remote gas fields to urban centres * can transport electricity with less loss at higher voltages. * supply power to large numbers of customers and to large geographic areas.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| conductor \| waveguide: Optical fibre * are almost completely immune from external fields - long strands of transparent material which let the light pass through the middle * can convey much more information than copper wires. * has a much higher capacity, and is used for virtually everything else. * have very small diameters. * is fiber - the backbone of the exploding Internet and telecommunications industries * make use of the same principle in communications.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Contaminant * Many contaminants adhere to particles and move with the sediments in the marine environment - are natural - attach to soil particles - have neither color nor odor - stick to the carbon when they contact it * Most contaminants are sewage and bacteria, fertilizer, toxic metals, oil and grease - become more concentrated and dangerous as they move up the food chain * Some contaminants are allergens at low concentrations and toxic at high concentrations - as hazardous when inhaled or absorbed through the skin as when swallowed - carcinogens - can remain in the water column or sediment for long periods of time - cause cancer in animals - concentrate in the fatty tissues and internal organs of fish - disperse quickly and others are very tenacious - induce the creation of extra cell receptor sites - pose immediate health risks, while others are more of a long term threat * accelerate wear and multiply as they move through hydraulic systems. * affect marine biodiversity in a number of ways. * also interact and react with other contaminants in groundwater. * are a possible factor responsible for poor reproductive success - highly varied in chemical composition and behavior - left on one side of the membrane while clean water flows out the other side - located in water - materials - noxious or common weeds, and other crop seeds - often present in small amounts - present during the active fire and some remain as residuals subsequent to the fire - substances that are introduced into the environment through human activity - unavoidably high in non-sterile products - unwanted influences that can destroy the integrity of fluid systems * buildup in large predatory fish far more than in panfish. * burn to harmless products of combustion. * can adhere to colloids and thereby also seem dissolved in the water. * can affect both the luminescence signal and the radioactive assay - finished product quality or the ability of paper machines to operate - phytoplankton at the base of the Bay's food web * can also increase down time and the frequency of sheet breaks - reside in inaccessible pore spaces * can be anything from ream wrapper, to a plastic cup, to tissue - human-induced, as from leaking fuel tanks or toxic chemical spills - both speed and slow the rate of sexual development - cause developmental problems in children * can enter drinking water supplies from point or nonpoint sources - the liquid prior to capping - even enter cans through weakened seams or seals - exist naturally in foods or come from pollution - harm species and ecosystems and impair ecosystem services - include any combination of suspended solids, oils, or soluble components - interact with natural hormones thus altering cell activity - interfere with the ligase and inhibit the reaction if present * can move down through the soil and get in the ground water - from land into groundwater or runoff into surface water - remain in the water supply at distant locations * can spread throughout the soil and eventually enter the groundwater - to people, pets, soil, and groundwater - travel considerable distance into an aquifer in some conditions - vary from metals such as copper and iron, to oils and process chemicals * come and go through the water supply. * destroy aquatic habitats and endanger our own lives. * don t always enter our bodies one at a time. * enter directly into the ground water without being filtered by the soil - the uterus during parturition and establish infection * found in Indiana fish include PCBs, pesticides, and heavy metals - include benzene, toluene, arsenic, barium, selenium, and silver * have a history of affecting Florida's panthers. * migrate toward respective electrodes depending upon their charge. * move preferentially along zones of higher permeability. * occur above and below the water table in sand and gravel, and in fractured bedrock. * often end up in one of Texas' many creeks, streams, rivers, lakes, or bays. * originate from a number of sources with injected samples being the most common. * outgrow pathogens at room temperature. * present on a surface cause an effect known as fish eye. * produced in many nations arrive in the Arctic via wind and water currents. * spread mostly laterally in the direction of groundwater movement. * stick out like a sore thumb. * still lace some meats. * tend to build up in predators and bottom feeding fish. * vaporize into the air bubbles and are removed from the well by the air flow.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| contaminant: Airborne contaminant * can reach inside cracks on walls, too. * cause diseases such as influenza, hepatitis, tuberculosis and pneumonia. Biological contaminant * are capable of causing health problems for anyone - or are produced by living things * can come from both outside and inside the home - crosscommunicate infectious agents from one person to another * originate from living things or are themselves living things. * require moisture in order to thrive and remain potent. Chemical contaminant * Most chemical contaminants concentrate in the fatty tissues of fish over time. * are more difficult to eliminate. * can harm the health of humans and wildlife. * continue to cause problems to marine life. * imply human health risks. Inorganic contaminant * are a wide-spread problem that jeopardize environmental quality. * can damage the nervous and circulatory systems and other organs. Organic contaminant * Some organic contaminants can transfer across. * have chains of carbon atoms as their basic building blocks. * require increased concentration. Radioactive contaminant * occur naturally. * round out the list with such elements as radium and uranium. Toxic contaminant * Some toxic contaminants act as allergens - attach onto particles and are carried with the sediments by water currents * can persist in bay sediments for decades.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| corpuscle: Basophil * Some basophils contain a few purple granules - have few granules, which probably is the result of degranulation in the sample * also migrate into the tissues - participate in allergic responses * are a specific type of white blood cell - active participants in hypersensitivity reactions - functionally similar to mast cells but appear to have a different cell lineage - granulocytes stained by basic dyes such as toluidine blue, carrying IgE receptors - inflammatory mediators of substances such as histamine - leucocytes which play an important role in the anaphylactic reaction - leukocytes * are one of the body's tools for helping to fight infection - type of granulocyte - present in blood - rare granulocytes * are rare in blood of healthy cats - dogs - responsible for the symptoms of allergy - similar to eosinophils but are present in much smaller quantities * are the circulating counterpart of tissue mast cells - precursors for mast cells - rarest type of leukocytes, and their granules stain blue - same size as eosinophils, but have purplish to blue-black granules - smallest circulating granulocytes with relatively the least known function - weakly phagocytic and sluggishly motile * carry heparin and histamines and have large blue granules - histamine and heparin , and other protein chemicals * contain heparin, histamine and serotinin - metachromatically staining cytoplasmic granules * induce inflammation. * leave the blood and develop into mast cells. * stain blue, prolactin is an acidophil. + White blood cell, Types of white blood cells, Granulocytes, Basophils: Cell biology :: Immunology :: Blood cells * Basophils are rare granulocytes. If you had 1000 white blood cells, only 1 to 3 of them would be Basophils. Theit nucleus is hidden by granules which turn dark blue in color when stained. Basophils carry histamine and heparin, and other protein chemicals. They appear at the sites of ectoparasite infection, or allergies. We don't know exactly how they work.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| corpuscle: Eosinophil * accumulate in the lung parenchyma. * adhere to and stimulate replication of lung fibroblasts in vitro. * are a particular kind of white blood cells - type of white blood cell that increases in number during an allergic reaction - about the same size as neutrophils, but have reddish-orange granules - also motile and phagocytic, and migrate into the tissues - another cell commonly present in inflammation - chemotoxic and kill parasites - common, especially in early lesions - cytotoxic, releasing the contents of their granules on the invader - few to absent * are granulocytes that play a role in defending against parasitic worms - which can stain intensely with the dye eosin - motile and phagocytic and are particularly active in parasitic infection - much less common than neutrophils * are one of the blood components measured in a routine blood count - predominant - present in some instances, but neutrophils usually predominate - recognized by their granules that stain red - round cells with a lobed nucleus and granules which turn red when stained - the most poorly understood of the pro-inflammatory leukocytes * are white blood cells that participate in immunologic and allergic events - used for specific purposes * attack protozoa that cause infection. * can also phagocytose and digest antigen-antibody complexes - increase with allergic reactions and with parasitic infestations * cause acute edematous injury in isolated perfused rat lungs. * come out of the bone marrow, enter the blood, and make their way to the airways. * congregate particularly at sites of allergic and parasitic reactions. * disappear with corticosteroids. * enhance the immune response to helminths. * express a functional receptor for interferon alpha. * increase in tissue in response to both allergy and parasites. * invade the airways in response to an insult, such as exposure to an allergen. * kill parasites, destroy cancer cells, and are involved in allergic responses. * often occur in hypersensitivity reactions and in association with parasitic infections. * participate in protective reactions to certain parasites - the immune defense of the lung * perform an immunosuppressive function in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. * release major basic protein which is damaging to cells. * secrete enzymes that punch holes in parasitic worms. * then release toxic substances that can kill parasites and destroy abnormal human cells. * typically have a bilobate nucleus separated by a thin filament. + Pneumonia, Other types of pneumonia: Infectious diseases :: Pulmonology * Eosinophilic pneumonia is invasion of the lung by 'eosinophils'. Eosinophils are a particular kind of white blood cells. Eosinophilic pneumonia often occurs in response to infection with a parasite or after exposure to certain types of environmental factors. + White blood cell, Types of white blood cells, Granulocytes, Eosinophils: Cell biology :: Immunology :: Blood cells * Eosinophils, or 'acidophils', are leukocytes. They are one of the immune system components which combat parasites and certain infections. As with mast cells and basophils, they part causes of allergy and asthma. Eosinophils are round cells with a lobed nucleus and granules which turn red when stained. These granules are packed with proteins that can be poured out to help destroy invaders.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| corpuscle: Granulocyte * are important mediators of the inflammatory response - leucocytes the with cytoplasmic granuals - often present - part of the innate immune system and have broad-based activity - released from the bone marrow - the most numerous nucleus-containing cells in the blood - white blood cells that fight bacterial infections * contain granules filled with toxic substances - reservoirs that store toxic chemicals * have a non-specific immune response - short circulating half-life due to apoptosis * inlcude the neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. * are released from the bone marrow. They operate by phagocytosis and other means. Phagocytosis of bacteria and bacterial pathogenicity', Cambridge University Press. Leucocyte * Most leucocytes migrate into tissue from the circulation. * accumulate at the inflamed site to combat invading bacteria. * are absent - abundant, red blood corpuscles, and endometrial cells are also common - found during the whole of pregnancy, but in less abundance than in the sheep * are the body's white blood cells, a vital component of the immune system - white blood cells which fight infection * deteriorate rapidly in anti-coagulant treated blood. * disappear from mucosa.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| corpuscle: Monocyte * also penetrate enflamed body tissue to help defend against infections. * are a type of white blood cell , or leukocyte. * are also capable of killing infected host cells using antibodies - important to the immune response - phagocytic and clean up cellular debris following an infection - amoeboid in appearance, and have a granulated cytoplasm - another type of white blood cell - attracted to a damaged site by chemical substances , triggered by a range of stimuli * are generally scarce in peripheral blood - the largest leukocyte - immature macrophages * are large cells that can enter tissues where they become macrophages - engulf and destroy invading bacteria and fungi - leukocytes - macrophages with a large horse shoe shaped nucleus and are the largest of all cells * are motile cells that can migrate using ameboid movements - which can migrate using ameboid movements * are phagocytes and frequently contain vacuoles - that circulate in the blood - poorly phagocytic until stimulated to become more active by a progressing infection - produced by the bone marrow from stem cell precursors called 'monoblasts' - the immature form of macrophages * are the largest corpuscles in the blood * are the second type of agranulocyte, and the largest of the circulating formed elements - very large and act as phagocytes during immune responses - white blood cells that become macrophages when they migrate into the tissues * become fixed macrophages and then have specific names depending of area. * can also travel into tissue and become macrophages , or big eaters - become macrophagic in appearance in some serious chronic infections - migrate into tissues where they are known as macrophages * carry out phagocytosis and are also called macrophages. * circulate in the blood and lymphatics but become macrophages when they enter the tissues - peripheral blood prior to emigration into the tissues * closely resemble large lymphocytes in size and shape. * defend the body against bacterial infection. * develop and are stored in the spleen and bone marrow. * differentiate into macrophages. * do secrete active TGFb, a major fibrogenic cytokine. * enter damaged epithelium and become macrophages. * evolve into macrophages. * further differentiate in tissues into macrophages. * have a kidney bean shaped center and lots of cytoplasm. * originate in the bone marrow as immature monoblasts and promonocytes * possess similar granules. * recognize a variety of microorganisms, especially gram-negative bacteria. * tend to have a relatively short lifespan within the circulation. + Macrophage, Life cycle: Cells :: Immunology * When a monocyte enters damaged tissue through the wall of a blood vessel it changes to become a macrophage. Monocytes are attracted to a damaged site by chemical substances, triggered by a range of stimuli. At some sites such as the testis, macrophages have been shown to populate the organ through proliferation. + Monocyte, Physiology: Immunology :: Blood cells * Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow from stem cell precursors called 'monoblasts'. Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for about one to three days and then typically move into tissues throughout the body. They make up three to eight percent of the leukocytes in the blood. + White blood cell, Types of white blood cells, Monocytes: Cell biology :: Immunology :: Blood cells * Monocytes are reserve cells which turn into macrophages and dendritic cells, which work together in tissues to fight disease. Monocytes have a kidney bean shaped center and lots of cytoplasm. ### substance \| corpuscle \| monocyte: Monoblast * are generally very large with abundant grey-blue or basophilic cytoplasm - hematopoietic cells * develop into promonocyte , a large cell with a slightly indented nucleus. * never appear in the normal peripheral blood.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| corpuscle: Neutrophil * accentuate ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated perfused rat kidneys. * also phagocytose any bacteria present - possess a heterogenic group of hydrolase gathered under the term esterase * are a particular type of white blood cell that helps fight infections - type of phagocyte and are normally found in the bloodstream * are a type of white blood cell found wherever inflammation is present - cell important in fighting bacteria infections - cell that defend the body against infection - white blood cell important in defending the body against infections - also phagocytes and have a similar range of enzymes and toxic substances - always present in association to areas of spotty or confluent necrosis - among the first cells to respond in a bacterial infection - an important part of the body's immune system - another type of white blood cell capable of becoming phagocytotic - blood cells that are produced in the marrow, or core of the bones - commonly present in heavily infiltrated acini and sometimes form micro-abscesses - complex cells that are needed for mammalian life - generally the first cells to arrive at the site of inflammation - leucocytes - members of a class of white blood cells known as granulocytes - mostly in the blood, while macrophages are mostly found in tissue - normal morphologically, but exhibit defects in motility and phagocytosis - notableas one of the first cell types to arrive at a site of infection * are one of the components of the white blood cells in our blood - most important types - phagocytes , capable of ingesting microorganisms or particles - phagocytotic cells capable of ingesting and killing bacteria and other pathogens * are present in association with areas of necrosis or acinar cell damage - large numbers - sexually dimorphic * are the body's first line of defense against infection - primary cellular defense system against bacteria and fungi - cells that fight bacterial infection - end stage of a differentiated cell line - first line of defence against invading bacteria - immune system's main defense against bacterial infections - most active of the phagocytes and form the first line of cellular defense * are the most common granulocyte - white blood cell in dogs and cats - numerous leukocytes in blood - other major component - white blood cells that remove or kill bacteria - very important because they fight infection - white blood cells that find, engulf, and destroy foreign microbes * arrive first, followed by monocytes that develop into macrophages. * can kill microbes through generation of oxidatitive killing products - non-oxidative substances found in their granules * constitute the vast majority of granulocytes. * contain granules of concentrated antimicrobial peptides and hydrolytic enzymes. * damage the blood-brain barrier. * develop from immature cells of the myeloid line. * die and lyse after extended phagocytosis, killing, and digestion of bacterial cells. * enhance removal of ozone-injured alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. * enter the epidermis at an early stage. * enzymes in urine for the detection of urethral infection in men. * form a primary defense against bacterial infection. * hasten to inflammatory sites. * have salmon pink granules and multi-lobulated nuclei - the greatest activity following bacterially destroyed tissue - their origin in multi-potential stem cells in the bone marrow - vesicles that contain collagenase, lactoferrin, histamine and lysosomal enzymes * help fight infection. * infiltrate between and into epithelial cells as well as the lamina propria. * injure cultured skeletal muscle myotubes. * is negative for myeloperoxidase. * kill by producing nitric oxide, while macrophages are a major source of cytokines - invading pathogens through phagocytosis * leave the blood to go to tissues where infection or inflammation is developing. * move out of the blood vessels into the infected tissue to attack the bacteria - to infected parts of the body to engulf and consume invading bacteria - with amoeboid motion * often show nuclear and cell-based abnormalities, as well as loss of granulation. * originate from stem cells in the bone marrow. * play a critical role in fighting infection - host defense against a variety of microbial pathogens - pivotal role in host defense * proteases ad the pathophysiology of chronic wounds. * represent the largest group. * roll on adherent neutrophils via L-selectin on the rolling cells. * secrete a fever inducing agent called pyrogen which also helps the body fight infection. * stay in the blood until they receive a signal that injury or infection has occurred. * surround the degenerating hepatocytes. * then trigger other parts of the immune system. * undergo chemotaxis - spontaneous apoptosis at inflamed sites * use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. + Innate immune system, Inflammation * Chemical factors produced during inflammation attract phagocytes, especially neutrophils. Neutrophils then trigger other parts of the immune system. * The process of taking in bacteria is called phagocytosis. The bacteria end up in a vacuole inside the neutrophil. The enzymes then get to work on the bacteria. Neutrophils are an important part of the body's immune system. They are a kind of granulocyte, and have a short life-span of a couple of days.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| corpuscle: Pacinian corpuscle * are lamellar vibration receptors that produce rapidly adapting responses - nerve endings - part of skin - pressure receptors - velocity detectors and sense vibration * detect gross pressure changes and vibrations - pressure in a similar way * is sensory to pressure and vibration. * respond to pressure. Reticulocyte * are immature red blood cell s that contain organ elle remnants - very young red blood cells * stain a dark purple-black.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| corpuscle: Sickle cell * are hard and have a curved edge - red blood cells that have become crescent shaped * blood disease, genetically transmitted - disorder found most commonly in the African-American community * can lead to many problems, including infections and severe anemia - trigger kidney failure and strokes * condition that people inherit when both parents carry the gene for sickle cell. * does the same thing with malaria. * have a shorter life span than normal red blood cells. * is an inherited disorder that affects red blood cells. * lodge in small arteries, causing acute pain and blood clots. * recessivley inherited disease. * sludge inside the vessels leading to vasvular compromise. * tend to become trapped and to be destroyed in the liver and in the spleen. * very troubling disease for young adolescents. Spherocyte * appear smaller than biconcave red cells and lack central pallor. * are osmotically fragile compared to normal RBCs - spheroid rather than biconcave disk-shaped erythrocytes<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| corpuscle: White cell * Most white cells are neutrophils, which attack and engulf bacteria. * appear first after a bone marrow transplant. * are found in the circulatory system, lymphatic system, spleen, and other body tissues - irregular in shape and size, but generally are larger than the red cells - major weapons in the infection-fighting arsenal of mammals - motile with specialised functions - part of the immune system - short-lived scavengers and survive only a few days - small and relatively round, while opaque cells are large and elongated * do various things in skin diseases. * fight infection and harmful substances that invade the body * have many shapes and sizes. * help fight infection. * leave blood vessels and enter tissues. * play a key role in the immune system's ability to fight infection. * protect donor blood against bacterial contamination. * turn into black and black cells turn into white. Corrosive material * Most corrosive materials are hazardous wastes. * are hazardous because they burn, irritate or damage tissue on contact - present in almost every workplace * can severely irritate, or in come cases, burn the eyes. * range from mildly active to materials capable of causing deep chemical burns. Crystalline material * All crystalline materials have defects in their lattices called dislocations. * Many crystalline materials exhibit piezoelectric behavior. * Most crystalline materials have properties. * Some crystalline materials have spaces in the lattice where other atoms can fit. * demonstrate long range periodic order in three dimensions.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Cytoplasm * Most cytoplasm contains concentration - glycogen * Most cytoplasm has basophilic staining - functions - various functions * Most cytoplasm leads to activations - cell activations * Some cytoplasm contains different organelles - genetic information - occurs during telophase * always surrounds the nucleus. - essential proteins, molecules, and other substances for the cell to survive - fine granules - lamellar bodies of surfactant - two major types of granules * fills each cell and surrounds the nucleus. * flows into the oocyte through ring canals connecting the nurse cells to the oocyte. * has functions * includes corpi - cytoskeletons * is delicate and lacy - eosinophillic and fibrillary - extremely deformable and very flexible - part of cells - scant and basophilic - so essential to the cell, it requires working order to operate and maintain life * mediates both development and oxidation-induced apoptotic cell death in mouse zygotes. * pinches apart like a balloon with a string around it. * shows variable basophilia. ### substance \| cytoplasm: Central body * consists of brain case and primary organ housing armored within a bone cage. * is cytoplasm<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| cytoplasm: Centrosome * also regulate the cell division cycle. * are cytoplasm - organelles which serve as the main site for microtubule organization - the primary site of nucleation of microtubules in animal cells * are white or magenta spheres * begin to migrate to opposite poles - move away from each other * consist of a pair of centrioles and are found near the nuclear envelope in animal cells. * help organize microtubules to form mitotic spindle poles. * move apart - away from the nucleus in opposite directions, leaving behind a spindle apparatus - to opposite ends of the cell - toward ends * play a role in spindle assembly by nucleating and organizing the spindle microtubules. Cytosol * includes corpi * is the content of cytoplasm without organelle like chloroplast and mitochondrion. * refers to the fluid contained by the cell membrane.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| cytoplasm: Plasmodium * Plasmodia can move along the forest floor, on to dead leaves that are bathed in sunlight. * Some plasmodiums cause diseases - malaria - infect mosquitoes - protozoans - species * can affect a human population in many ways. * causes malaria. * completes sexual reproduction in female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. * gets into people via the saliva of a biting mosquito. * is the genus of the organism that causes malaria - transferred to humans to mosquitos - transmitted to the mosquito from vertebrate hosts as gametocytes - undoubtedly the most familiar sporozoan genus * move across the surface on which they form in order to obtain nutrients. * produces one or more sporangia where meiosis takes place. * protozoan that causes malaria, a serious, sometimes fatal, disease - transmitted by mosquitoes that is responsible for malaria * single celled protoctistan. * vivax clinically resistant to chloroquine in Colombia. Dense material * Some dense materials have particles. * have virtually no shielding effect on neutrons. Dental material * are specially fabricated materials , designed for use in dentistry. * are the most extensively employed biomaterials for incorporation in the human body * can break down and change with time. Dentin * composes most of the root, which normally has pulp canals. * forms most of the tooth. * gives strength, fluoride hardens and stabilizes the crystals of teeth. Diamagnetic material * cause lines of magnetic flux to curve away from the material. * have a weak, negative susceptibility to magnetic fields - small negative , so but Dielectric * All dielectrics have a certain value of breakdown potential. * are materials that contain no free electrons.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Dielectric material * are the strongest collectors of electromagnetic energy known. * enhance the charge storage of a capacitor.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Different material * Many different materials can exist in the voids in rocks and unconsolidated sediments - used by humans come from the earth * Most different materials have conductivity - density * Most different materials have different density - mass density - heat capacity - properties * absorb different wavelengths of light. * are distinguished from each other by their different optical densities - easier to absorb the energy of waves which frequency is in specific range * can hold different amounts of heat. * come into contact. * condense at different temperatures. * conduct heat at different rates - thermal energy at different rates * consume different amounts of energy. * convert different amounts of energy. * emit different spectra as they burn. * expand at different rates when they're heated. * expand by different amounts for a given change in temperature - when their temperature is raised by one degree * have capacity * have different affinities to a selected liquid and the air bubbles introduced - coefficients of thermal conductivity - electrical conductivities - energy levels - engineering properties - insulating ability, or dielectric strength s - rates at which organized motion is turned into heat - reflection parameters - relationships between internal energy and temperature - underlying lattices and different kinds of basis - vastly different properties * liquify or boil off at different temperatures. * offer resistance. * produce different amounts of friction. * radiate at different levels of efficiency. * react differently to variations in temperature and pressure. * reflect and absorb differently at different wavelengths. * refract light differently. * require different amounts of heat. * respond to applied stresses in different ways - different wavelengths and are thus spectrally selective * shrink and expand at different rates. * transfer heat in different ways depending on their physical properties.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Different substance * Many different substances can affect the health of children - cause an allergenic reaction - create PD symptoms by depleting dopamine in the brain - cause allergic reactions - go into making fireworks * Most different substances have density * Some different substances have capacity - vapor pressure * absorb heat at different rates. * can damage the body and how it functions. * exhibit different densities. * form different types of crystals. * have different aura both in length and breadth, and also in luminosity - heat capacities - melting points, boiling points and densities * produce different crystals. * react differently to the ray. * require different amount of heat for the same rise in temperature. * vary greatly in the speed at which they evaporate at a given temperature. + Crystal: Chemistry * Different substances form different types of crystals. The study of the various kinds is crystallography. + Temperature, Heat capacity: Weather measurements :: Heat :: Physical quantity :: Thermodynamics :: Basic physics ideas * The amount of heat that is needed to make a substance one degree higher is called its heat capacity. Different substances have different heat capacities. For example, a kilogram of water has more heat capacity than a kilogram of steel. Diorite * contain sodium plagioclase. * is an igneous rock Dissolved substance * form crystals as the solvent evaporates. * lower the free energy of water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Dust * All dust is dust, And blood is dust. * More dust is found in near the equator. * Most dust absorbs light. * Most dust causes allergies - respiratory problems - upper respiratory problems - clouds lower temperature - comes in contact * Most dust contains excretion - rodent excretion - such substances - enters atmospheres - has origins - irritates lungs - is contributed by the mantle rock of dry regions - makes coughs - mites cause respiratory problems * Most dust mites die in low humidity levels or extreme temperatures - when exposed to low humidity levels or extreme temperatures * Most dust mites feed on dead skin - survive on diets - reduces visibility - reflects starlights * Much dust contains microscopic arachnids called dust mites. * Some dust affects climates - human health - blocks sunlight - carries antigens that cause severe irritation to the respiratory tract and lungs * Some dust causes diseases - lung diseases * Some dust comes from powder - white powder * Some dust consists of fungal hyphae * Some dust contains fiber - viruses - enters earth - forms disks * Some dust leads to diseases - respiratory diseases * Some dust mites live in bedrooms - homes - towels * Some dust mites prefer environments - humid environments - survive years - radiates energy - reduces photosynthesis * Some dust reflects light - storms cause damage * Some dusts are mixed with other dry insecticides - contain conventional insecticides, while others contain no organic chemicals * Use small paintbrushes to dust cracks and crevices in telephones, stereos, etc. * absorbs blue light more than red light and thus makes stars appear reddish - both ultraviolet and visible light and reradiates it as far-infrared radiation - light and re-emits it as infrared radiation - moisture, which also plays a role in failure - starlight, thus heating the interstellar medium - the optical and ultraviolet light of stars and re-emits it as infrared radiation - visible starlight and reradiates it at much longer wavelengths * accelerates wear and tear in all mechanical systems. * accumulates in finger nails and carries the infection. * acts as an insulator from holy energies - that prevents the escape of heat - insulator, holding the heat inside the tube - condensation nuclei and allow matter to accumulate - insulation and hinders proper cooling * adheres to the sheet by static electricity. * affects farmers who are working on dry fields or windy days. * aggravates allergies which lead to headaches. * allergens and mold and mildew thrive on humidity. * also absorbs toxic pollutants from the indoor and outdoor environments - causes extinction - encourages mites that attack the foliage and can affect the berries - forms when painted surfaces bump or rub together - interferes with herbicides * are best for treating voids - common in livestock operations and present a hazard to animals and humans - dry powders ready for use - more effective when applied early in the day while the dew is still on the plants - particularly effective for treating nest galleries - pesticides formulated on particles designed for dry application - solid particles often generated by some mechanical or abrasive activity * are usually more hazardous than sprays - to bees than sprays * builds up and keeps the heat from escaping. * bunnies in different stages of growth. * by-product of laminate floor manufac. * can accumulate in carving, cracks and grooves and make wood look dark and unattractive - electrical components - affect the output quality of any printer * can also affect performance - irritate the adults - make people with asthma experience wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath * can also obscure oncoming vehicles - our view of a nebula * can be a problem for gas permeable wearers in dusty environments - skin irritant - an explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame - extremely hazardous when it contains asbestos, lead or high-protein materials - highly explosive - carry gases and odors * can cause drying, cracking and scaling - fatigue and headaches - irritation to the eyes, nose, throat, lungs, and skin - many problems for people that suffer from allergies - silicosis - the laser eye to skip, and scratches can cause a loss of audio quality - even obscure entire galaxies at visible wavelengths - hang in the air for years - have thousands of parts per million lead by weight - impair breathing for people and animals, and make travel hazardous - ionise and suspend on a dry day, creating drift - irritate eyes, nose, throat and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract * can irritate the lungs and aggravate asthma symptoms * can make an animal track look one way, sand or mud another - the eyes tear, feel gritty, or turn red - mask star formation in the present Universe, too - occur from dried and flaking paints - only form at temperatures below a few thousand degrees - reach as high as six miles above the surface and settles very slowly - restrict air flow and increase operating costs * can settle on floors, walls and tables - walls, and tables, and can cause problems - stress the respiratory system, by carrying adsorbed gases deep into the lungs * carried downwind from cities and industry can increase rain in city shadows. - mechanical irritation * come from grinding and machining of metals. * comes from other sources as well * common cause of allergies, but it's actually the dust mites that are the culprits - occurrence in any activity on the forest - source of dangerous levels of lead and cadmium * consists of very small pieces of solid matter distributed diffusely through space. * constrict the lungs. - pollen * contributes to air pollution. * covers protect heads and automatically release with water pressure. * created from the remodeling of an older home also can be a source of lead contamination. * crucial component of the martian greenhouse effect. * devils form when the weather is clear, hot, and dry. * devils, with dust storms, are the main agent of removal and deposition of dust on Mars. * drift more than sprays. * driven from a comet's nucleus reflects sunlight as it travels through space. * dry glaze over portion of ware previously coated with liquid size. * emits in the infrared. * encourages dust mites. * ends with fungicide or activated charcoal. * enter under the skin and climb vision. * fills crater bottoms and piles up high around rocks the size of small office buildings. * fine powder two inches thick on the road and all the trails. * flies up, and all the moisture in the air immediately vaporizes. * floats in the air. * generated during grinding, handling or storage can pose an explosion hazard. * great condensation nucleus. * have a tendency to cake or crust when they get damp. * helps collect enough matter to form planets - to remove old oil * hitting the Earth has the same cycles as the ice ages. * irritates eyes * is abrasive so infrequent or improper dusting can create a worn, dull surface over the years - also a continuous problem, and many people suffer from allergies and sinus trouble - blown away from the comet's nucleus by the pressure of sunlight - dirt - everywhere in Tucson - flammable - ingested through imperfect air filters - irritant to skin due to high alkalinity - kept down by wetting painted surfaces before they are worked on - light, but it does settle because it is heavier than air * is located in air - attics - beds - boxs - carpets - cellars - closets - corners - desktops - drawers - freeways - fridges - ground - libraries - lofts - moons - orbits - plates - rugs - shelfs - skies - television - windowsills - made up of skin, hair, feed and fecal materials - magnetic and ultra- fine, so it gets into everything - mixed with the gas - mobs - more mobile than coarse particulates and unhealthy almost regardless of composition - most likely to be raised when litter is being removed or raked over - much more than common dirt * is often a problem in Washington State, especially in dry weather - heavy in the desert environment and also dries out the nasal membranes - one of the least studied aspects of blasting - particulate matter - readily visible as dark streaks - reduced since unconscious birds are placed on the evisceration line - small particles of dirt - soil without life promising famine - spread much thinner than sand and covers a much larger area - such an air particle that alters the colors of a sunset - swept around from the dayside to the nightside by the expanding gas flow * is the condemned urban equivalent of snow, or sand - most common year round allergy - smallest particle - uniform on the wheel drive surface * is very rare - small and takes a long time to accumulate * is, after all, pollution. * isn t just an accumulation of fine dirt. * kill existing pests and make surfaces inhospitable to new arrivals. * kills power supplies. * leaves with eye shadow. * major source of indoor air pollution. * mites Many people are allergic to dust mites - with asthma are allergic to dust mites * mites and allergies - animal dander - eye, nose, and throat irritation, asthma - cat dander are two of the most potent allergens - mold grow best in damp areas * mites and other insects can thrive in sofas, stuffed chairs, carpets and bedding - thrive in stuffed sofas and chairs, carpets, drapery and bedding - pests such as cockroaches also worsen allergies - respiratory disease in calves - roaches love high-humidity homes - their waste products are the most common allergens in indoor air - as well as other allergens thrive on high humidity - belong to the family of eight-legged creatures called arachnids * mites can lurk in carpeting, upholstery and ventilation systems of cars - trigger asthma attacks - collect in bedroom carpets and bedding - common indoor allergen - feed off our dead skin cells - hide deep in carpets, upholstery, furniture, bedding, clothing, and closets * mites like moisture and high humidity - to eat dead skin from pets and humans - live and multiply easily in warm, humid places * mites live in bedding, carpets, stuffed furniture, old clothing and stuffed toys - upholstery, and carpets - carpeting and bedding - carpets, bedding and curtains - fabrics and carpets and are common in every room of the house - rugs and carpets, sheets, mattresses and pillows, and upholstered furniture - rugs, carpets sheets, mattresses, pillows and upholstered furniture * mites love central heating - to curl up in carpets and do whatever twisted things dust mites do * mites love warm, damp mattresses - humid areas filled with dust - obtain water by actively absorbing it from the ambient air - or pet allergies often cause morning congestion that lasts all year long - particularly like rugs, beds and pillows - primarily feed on dead skin shed by humans and other animals * mites survive and thrive on minute particles of human skin - on a diet of dead skin, bacteria, fungi and viruses in the environment * mites thrive in a humid environment - on warmth and humidity - usually populate stuffed animals, like pillows * mites, close relatives of ticks and spiders, are too small to see without a microscope. * mites, cockroaches and animal dander eye, nose, and throat irritation, asthma - cockroaches, mold and pollen are all triggers to asthma attack - grasses and moulds top the list of environmental, or atopic, allergies - microscopic creatures related to spiders, thrive on moisture - mold and mildew are the most common allergens that cause allergies * mites, mold, and pets are the major indoor allergens - pollution and cockroach parts often trigger asthma attacks - pet dander and molds are culprits that can set off allergy attacks indoors - the primary cause of dust allergy, are microscopic organisms found in homes * obscures our view of the central part of the Milky Way at visible wavelengths. * often builds up during the winter months - collects in smoke detectors, and it can cause the smoke detector to give a false alarm * often contains harmful endotoxins - microscopic mites, which live in bedding, furniture, and carpets * particles cause problems for satellites. * particles in comets vary in size from pebbles to specks smaller than the eye can detect - the expanding cloud scatter and reflect the starlight making the beams visible - on optics and film emulsion buildup on platens - scatter more light in a direction away from the sun than back toward it - that affect the lungs are so small that they are invisible to the naked eye * pervades much of space, around newly born stars and between stars. * plants with diatomaceous earth. * plays a crucial role in the atmosphere by acting as nucleation sites for cloud growth. * plumes against the clouds or projected from the limb. * powerful allergen which accumulates easily when homes are closed up during the winter. * protective coating for fine furniture - covering for furniture * provide slightly longer residual control than aerosols. * raised by heavy trucks on haul roads is reduced by water spraying. * rapidly causes an unsightly build up. * reddens star light passing through it by scattering the blue light in all directions. - sunlight, causes cooling * replaces sand. * retains heat and causes intermittent failures and errors. * returns to dust. * rings around a star suggest that unseen planets lurk there. * rising in dry weather sign of approaching change. * settles down, where the vacuum can trap it. * solid that's made up of lots of other kinds of solids. * spores on the medium. * stays on things because gravity holds it. * supplies the nutrients that react with moisture to produce mold, dust mites and bacteria. * swirls at first, then condensation swirls. * takes place over five days, split into morning, afternoon, and evening. * tends to absorb and selectively scatter blue light more effectively than red - build up over time, and pain if left uncontrolled * term given to the smallest leaf particle. * turns to mud, mud turns to slop, and slops turns to snow. * very effective absorber and re-radiator of optical and ultraviolet light. * wipes only measure lead in surface dust. + Global warming, Temperature changes, Dust and dirt: Energy :: Climate change :: Air pollution * This big dirt is still very small. It's about the width of a human hair. The big dirt does not stay in the air for years though because rain hits it and brings it to the surface. It actually only stays in the air for about 7 days. But this is still a long time, and can cause changes in the temperature of the Earth. Dust can hang in the air for years.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| dust: African dust * contains spores of a fungus that can be destructive to sea fans. * supplies soil for epiphytic plants living in the tree canopy. Airborne dust * Some airborne dust leads to diseases - respiratory diseases * is part of normal daily life. Coal dust * causes black lung. * is present between collagen fibers and sometimes is seen in histiocytes. Fine dust * can get much deeper into the sensitive regions of the respiratory tract and lungs. * irritates lungs. * is highly flammable when exposed to flame - kicked into orbit when micrometeroids strike the inner satellites - more likely than chunks of debris to clog filter pores and block air circulation * particles present in a portion of the atmosphere. Fugitive dust * originates in small quantities over large areas. * perennial concern of unconsolidated surface mining. * type of fugitive emission. House dust * Most house dust mites feed on shed skin * Most house dust mites go through life stages - major life stages Interplanetary dust * consists of microscopic solid particles. * is dust Manganese dust * can irritate lungs. + Manganese, Safety: Chemical elements :: Metals * Manganese dust can irritate lungs. Some manganese compounds cause toxicity when ingested. Manganese is less toxic than nickel or copper. Permanganates are the most toxic manganese compounds. When someone is exposed to manganese for a long time it can cause a problem with the nervous system. Road dust * contains matter from soil and fine particles from tailpipe emissions. * covers plants, reducing photosynthesis. * is made up of fine particles that are important to the stability of the road. * is more than the dirt a vehicle stirs up as it travels along a roadway - simple dirt a vehicle stirs up as it moves along the road - the same material as crushed stone except it is ground much finer Wood dust * Some wood dusts can cause asthma as a specific allergic reaction. * absorbs moisture and aids rust. * can also cause serious lung problems very similar to pneumonia and fibrosis - cause severe eye irritation - ignite * exposures and cancer of the colon. * is used as an ingredient in many products.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Dye * All dyes come from natural plant sources or minerals. * Many dyes used as lasing medium are toxic, carcinogenic, corrosive or pose a fire hazard. * Most dye changes color - contains chemicals - has color * Most dyes seem to present environmental risks - used in dye lasers are fluorescent organic compounds * Some dye causes eye injuries - comes from petals * Some dye replaces dye - natural dye - requires water * Some dyes bleed in drycleaning - laundering * Some dyes can also cause severe skin reactions - cause similar allergic skin reactions - change color on exposure to combustion gases present in the air - stain the skin and clothing and certain chemicals can make holes in clothing - tend to fade over time while others remain vibrant for a long period - used for toilet paper are difficult for bacteria to break down * acts as a diuretic. * also fade over time, especially in direct sunlight - work around similar conjugated centers, although dye chemistry is much more complex * alternitives There are as many ways to make candles as there are ideas. * are a solution and are smaller than pigments on the molecular level - also quite expensive, and sometimes difficult to get * are available in both liquid and powder form - powder, blocks, chips, flakes, and liquid - low-impact and nontoxic - manufactured as powders , granules , liquids or other special purpose forms - non-toxic and odourless * are organic compounds that have affinity for specific cellular material and increase contrast - with absorbances in the visible range - placed in dog food for the benefit of the person serving the food - sensitive to pH and temperatures when being applied - soluble in some type of a solvent - useful tracers to stain the flow pathways of water and solutes in the vadose zone - usually organic substances that actually change the color of fabrics - water soluble and packaged as a powder concentrate * binding methods measure total protein but lack specificity for albumin. * can also grab light on paper - bleed and detergents have a harder time dissolving because there's less water - identify parts that have been coated and improve their appearance * comes in liquid form that is highly concentrated. * containing anthraquinone unit belong to mordant, disperse and vat dyes. * contains alcohol that removes moisture from the leather when applied - nasty chemicals * convert green light to red light which can be used by plants. * flows without obstruction into the duodenum. - great quality * improve contrast by selectively staining certain parts of the specimen. * inks work best on coated stock or papers with a hard surface because they are fast-drying - very well with more porous sponges than the cosmetic sponge * is colour * lives in California. * merge to create the color instead of being layered on top of one another. * mix by what is known as the subtractive mixing process. * probably result in poorer water quality throughout the growing season. * remain water sensitive when dry. * require a mordant to set the color. * run slowly. * starts to deteriorate and evaporate, almost immediately. * transfer from wall coverings and rugs. * usually have specific chemistry for use with very specific materials. * works as well for water trapping or land trapping, including canines. + Food coloring, Dyes and lakes: Food ingredients :: Chemistry * Dyes dissolve in water, but are not soluble in oil. Dyes are manufactured as powders, granules, liquids or other special purpose forms. They can be used in drinks, dry mixes, baked goods, confections, dairy products, pet foods and many other products. Dyes also have side effects which lakes do not, including the fact that large amounts of dyes ingested can color stools.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| dye: Contrast dye * allow views of the gall bladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. * is contraindicated in multiple myeloma because of the increased risk of renal failure - due to the increased risk of renal failure - injected into a blood vessel and x-rays are taken * is used to highlight the areas in question for the X-ray machine - inside of organs so they are visible on an x-ray * solution that is used to accentuate specific structures when looking at an image. Hair dye * Most hair dye contains chemicals - nasty chemicals * Some hair dye causes eye injuries * can also actually cause hair loss in some people - make the hair dull * common cause of contact dermatitis. * vary greatly in their chemical make-up. * washes off hands.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| dye: Indigo * Some indigos contain impurities - particulate impurities * affects vision, hearing, and smell on the physical, emotional, and spiritual plane. * also helps to free the mind of worries, fear and inhibition - symbolizes the falling of night after sunset when things are more difficult to see * are color - old souls who know who they are and where they've come from - shrubs - violet * brings deep healing through all the senses. * can awaken devotion and intuition - be effective as an anethetic and can induce total insensibility * color of relatively little importance. * dye made from the indigo plant , used to dye cloth. * dyeing produces a dyed fabric with dye only on the surface of the fibers. * enhances intent, focus, telepathy, deep thought and clearing of the mind. * fast dye that fades very little in sunlight or in washing. * frees the mind of worries, fear, and inhibition. * governs the chakra that controls the pineal gland. * gray and white female. * have an unusual ability to sense dishonesty. * heals the etheric body. * helps reduce or stop excessive bleeding. * increases rice yields and at the same time reduces the cost of fertilizing. * is also concerned with the refinement of the senses - the extra sensory - fairly common in race birds now - associated with meditation and mysticism - even the dye of choice for blues in most contemporary fabrics, including blue jeans - in our food and it is used for blue jeans - insoluble in water, which made for excellent fastness - inspiration, imagination and peace of mind - lightning and quicksilver, ever-changing and transforming - like a midnight blue with a purple tinge to it - mixed with inferior kinds to deepen the colour - more difficult to distinguish from the blue and violet, however * is one of the most ancient and revered of all dyestuffs - oldest colouring agents known to man - only collectable during the annual monsoon when new growth blooms - rare and powerful * is the developer and leading innovator of digital color electronic printing systems - door through to the unconscious - most famous of the dyes from plants - oldest natural dye in existence * live in Florida and the adjacent Gulf and Atlantic coasts. * mixture of more blue and then red. * produces an intense deep blue color. * purifier of the blood stream. * relates to the sixth energy center - the brow chakra. * represents religion, spirituality, and intuition. * respiratory depressor. * spreads by stolons and good groundcover under trees. * stimulates our imagination and psychic powers, and increases dream activity. * stimulates the intellect - parathyroid and depresses the thyroid * vat dye, occurring in nature in the crystalline glucoside indican. * weedy-looking plant that is grown on the fields between rice crops. + Indigo, Meaning of indigo: Colors * Indigo represents religion, spirituality, and intuition. The color indigo is stated to represent intuition.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| dye: Natural dye * Most natural dye has quality. * Some natural dyes obtained from lichens are used in textile industry. * are both organic and eco-friendly - dyes or colorants derived from plants , invertebrates , or minerals * can consume a lot of resources. * do exist. * has great quality * result in soft, muted colors that improve with age. Vegetable dye * are reputedly better than chemical ones. * is supposedly the most enric hing treatment of all - used in textile as well as food industries Yellow dye * is added to commercial cheddar. * makes the pickles look yellow green like young cucumbers.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Earth * 's a flat disk - ionosphere, they are ideal for some of the worse-case emergency scenarios * Any earth moving involves the potential for dispersal and propagation of undesirable plants. * Is The Battleground Of The Universe - Schoolhouse Of The Universe * Most earth absorbs heat - sunlight * Most earth contains clay - elements - silica * Most earth follows circular orbits * Most earth has atmospheres - capacity - conditions - cores - decent atmospheres - density - diameters - enough water - fields - forces - gravity - greenhouse effects - inner cores - intensity - irons - landscapes - layers - life - magnetic fields - mass - natural greenhouse effects - negative mass - nitrogen - other places - properties - rocky surfaces - seasons - shapes * Most earth has solid cores - strong magnetic fields - structures - moves through atmospheres - passes through long trails - radiates energy - remains in orbits * Some earth absorbs radiation - wave radiation - becomes water - blocks sunlight - causes dehydration - contains gases * Some earth has color - diurnal motion - geographies - interiors - nickels - orbital motion - static charge - increases energy - moves through paths * aligns with beginning of sun One earth year to sun year - time of sun and travels through sun,s relative point * also belongs to the Milky Way galaxy because the Earth circles the star called the Sun. * also has a negatively charged surface - represents the Mountain * always produces the same acceleration on every object. * appears as a sphere cut in half. * are compounds of the element and one or more other element. * attracts and concentrates, stable. * ball that is rotating from West to East. * based consumers have energy demands which vary between day and nite - religions want to be treated like a minority, like an ethnic minority * blocks any direct sunlight from reaching the Moon * blocks the Sun in a cone-shaped shadow called an umbra - sun's light falling on the Moon * bursts forth with spring. * carving of a valley surrounded by mountains with blue sky and white clouds. * casts a large shadow on the Moon. * ceases behaving as a point source of gravity. * closed system which means that almost nothing new can impact our system - with respect to nutrients and chemicals, but open with respect to energy * completes a single total rotation every twenty four hours. * consists of an interacting set of processes and structures - layers from the crust to the core made up of varying materials and consistencies * consumed by worms is deposited on the surface of the ground, in the form of 'castings'. * contains a limited supply of carbon - both land and water biomes * cosmic being. * covering on walls is measured from the floor of the structure's lowest level. * currently has a second-generation atmosphere. * does block the full moon sometimes. * dynamic planet of constantly interacting systems of air, water, ice, rock, and life. * emits less energy than it receives from insolation - radiation at much longer wavelengths than the sun * endures with no purpose to produce all things. * espouses compassion as a virtue, yet is dominated by greed. * exerts the force of gravity on all objects. * experiences a temperature range that allows most of the water to remain as liquid or solid - several meteor showers per year, many with calendar precision * faces is that of over-population by humans. * feminine element and governs stone and knot magick. * flows commonly occur on moderately steep slopes. * follows a definite course and the rhythm of seasons - the universe * forms the blood, the muscles, the bones, the neurological systems of all living beings. * generates the vegetative kingdom which gives rise to food. * goes around sun - through climate changes during which the amount of snow and ice on the planet vary * habitual system. * has Moss. * has a changing weather pattern - core of molten iron-nickel - core, or center, that is solid and made up of mostly of iron - diversity of life, on the surface, underground, under ice caps, etc - great capacity for regeneration - hot, molten interior - huge magnetic field - limited amount of water - long history of war, oppression, and violence - lot of water vapor in the air * has a magnetic field all around it - mild greenhouse effect - it actually keeps the average temperature above freezing * has a modest magnetic field produced by electric currents in the core - by electric currents in the outer core - nickel-iron core - north pole and a south pole, seasons, day and night, that sort of thing - protection shield of energy around it - separate sphere to itself - active volcanoes which shoot molten lava and sooty ash out of their tops - air which plants and animals can breathe - an abundance of water * has an atmosphere made of gases called oxygen and nitrogen - up of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen and water vapor - of composed of about nitrogen and oxygen - elementary communication method known as e-mail - orbital period of one year - best possible conditions - big oceans and a lot of water vapor in the air - billions of minds - climate conditions * has clouds inside - made of water vapor - consciousness too - continents and ocean basins for that very reason * has four large bodies of water called oceans - liquid water in large quantities, and large ice caps holding more water - lots of water, mostly in the form of oceans, rivers, and lakes * has many kinds of climates - rocks and minerals on it too though - transmitters using thousands to millions of watts - multiple layers * has no life - problem sinking below the water if that's what water wants it to do * has one moon, which revolves around it - natural satellite * has one of the mildest environments - most circular orbits in the solar system - satellite called the moon - only one moon - oxidize atmospheres - resources that have been exploited by humans - several processes for changing rocks - so much biomass that it can be roughly calculated in terms of energy - tectonic plates * has the ability to be still and to build a solid base in life - only confirmed bodies of water in liquid form anywhere in the cosmos - qualities of smell, taste, colour and is gross * has the right atmosphere - kind of sun - things that are needed for life - the right amount of sunlight, air and water - three main layers, crust, mantle, and a core - too many natural balances to keep the atmosphere in check * has two auroral ovals, each more of less centered on the magnetic poles - magnetic poles, the South Pole and the North Pole - vast carbonate deposits in the form of limestone * has water - Earth is alive * hides beneath pond's surface. * huge ball of rock. * includes the soil and rock, the planet itself, and the animals and plants that inhabit it. * involves the aspects of growing, nourishing, and changing. * is about the impact of continental drift on the evolution of forest life. * is actually a little farther from the sun when the Northern Hemisphere is having summer - one of the smaller planets in our solar system - affected by the Sun in more ways than one * is also home to the dead - impossible to speed along or to stop once It gets moving - among the oldest of humanity's building materials * is an application that displays a rotating Earth - especially concentrated residue of a supernova - ever-changing planet - inverted triangle with a line through the middle, usually black or green in color - ocean planet - open system - another word for dirt * is associated in almost all the Bhuiyan rites, rituals and festivals - with sweet * is at perihelion on the same day as summer solstice - the right distance from the Sun to have liquid water - bathed in energy from the Sun and new matter from space - believed to be almost five billion years old - billions of years old * is both cold and dry - rare and fragile - brown - but one of several planets orbiting a single star - central in importance in the cosmos - changed over time by different natural and human forces - closer to the Sun than Jupiter, so it is warmer, and has developed into molten rock * is composed of land, air, and water - several layers - concerned with practicality and material values - considered a stable substance * is covered by a hazy layer of dust blown out by the impact and smoke from forest fires - one hydrosphere or one layer of connecting water - with plates of floating crust rock - created by gods - crisscrossed and layered with a system of complex divisions - cursed with trees, shrubs, grass, and scurrying creatures - distinctive because of water - divided into three general layers - dry and cold - essentially a closed system - examined from the vantage point of space - farthest from the Sun at perihelion and closest at aphelion - fertility, money, stability, strength and tranquility - fifteen percent silicon by mass - filled with animals that amaze - flats - food, material things, comfort * is for physical well-being, strength and prosperity - planting crops - full of basins and craters that came from being struck by asteroids - geologically active - globes - green and blue the Sun is yellow - half of a double-planet system which has no true moons * is home to a remarkable variety of organisms, which come in all shapes and sizes - exactly one million people - many living things * is in a constant state of change, causing wildlife habitats to be altered and modified - the process of domesticating itself - just the right distance from the sun to be neither to be to hot or to cold - layered, with densest material in the core, lower density material in the crust - like a giant bar magnet with a North pole and a South pole - livings * is located in a solar system that contains a nice assortment of planets - solar systems - the life zone, an area of moderate warmth around a star - universes * is located near marses - the end of an arm at the outer edge of the Milky Way galaxy - locations * is made of materials that have distinct properties and provide resources for human activities - out of fine particles of sand, minerals, salts and other materials * is made up of complex, interactive systems that are often unpredictable - interlocking pieces of land called tectonic plates - land, air, water and life - man s oldest building material - many millions of years old * is much further away from the sun, and much, much smaller than the sun as well - older than a few thousand years - no longer at the center of the solar system - non-toxic and completely recyclable - nothing but a speck of dust in the universe - on the ancient space trade routes * is one of the planets orbiting a star called the Sun - that orbits the Sun - very small part of the world - only planet in the solar system that can have eclipses of the Sun - orbited by deadly radioactive meteorites * is our home and home to all living beings - home, where spirit matters, and matter is an embodiment of spirit - position of perception to which the heavens are relative * is part of solar systems - place names - positioned as the third planet, so our temperatures are sustainable for life - presently in a period in which seismic activities across the planet have increased * is primarily a water planet - an oxygen, nitrogen atmosphere - prized when it is out of doors in a field, because there it nourishes the plants - probably the world's most common building material * is represented by green, air by yellow, fire by red, and water is represented by blue - in any solid, heavy part of the body like fat muscles, skin and nails - round and spins in space - round, day and night taking place simultaneously - rumoured throughout the universe to be one of the richest and most diverse planets - slightly closer to the Sun during the Northern Hemisphere winter - small and rocky and is called a terrestrial planet - soil, farm land, or just the ground - spared from such radiation by our protective atmosphere and magnetosphere - split up into a number of time zones - structured, or cold * is surrounded by a blanket of air called the atmosphere - space colonies * is the Cosmic analog of flesh - body of the sentient being as well as sentient body itself - clockworks of all forms of spirituality - creation of balance * is the element of stability and of the body - the material planes - used in healing and recovering - fifth largest planet and the third from the sun - fifth-largest planet and the third from the sun - first parent, and the mother is the second, giving birth through a narrow gate - foundation on which everything is built - generic metaphysical name applied to all substances within the terrestrial environment - insane asylum for the universe * is the largest object in the solar system * is the most geologically active terrestrial planet - suitable planet in the solar system - versatile of all the planets in the solar system - natural habitat of all life including mankind - oldest and most widely used building material in the world today * is the only celestial body in our solar system with liquid water, able to sustain life - habitable planet in the solar system * is the only known life-supporting planet in the solar system - planet that has water, making life possible - place in the solar system that can support life * is the only planet in our solar system capable of supporting human life - solar system that can provide a home for living things - solar system that has vast oceans of liquid water - solar system that is definitely known to contain liquid water - solar system where humans, other animals, and plants can live * is the only planet in the solar system known to harbor life - solar system that has a climate compatible with human existence - solar system that has solar eclipses - solar system to have total eclipses - solar system with an atmosphere that can sustain life - solar system with spectacular solar eclipses - universe known to possess life * is the only planet known to harbor life - have living things on it - support life and to have liquid water at the surface * is the only planet on which life exists - water can exist in a liquid form on the surface - so far known to have life - that can have people on it * is the only planet that has air - one large natural satellite - oxygen Earth in the only planet with one moon - which supports animal and plant life * is the only planet with a regolith - abundant liquid water and known life - intelligent life - known harbor life * is the only planet with life and liquid on it - life, air, and water - tectonic processes - terrestrial planet with a satellite - pivot point for the entire universe for the end of duality - place where faith is worked out - planet of our birth - realm of abundance, prosperity, and wealth * is the right distance from the sun to support life - simplest, cheapest, most easily worked, durable and most ancient building material - solid form of matter and is responsible for groundedness and solidity - source of nourishment and can generate all other elements - spiritual battleground for where ones eternal decision takes place - sum total of all other elements * is the third planet away from the sun - from our brightly shining sun * is the third planet from the Sun in our solar system, which includes seven other planets - Sun, located in between Venus and Mars - sun and the fifth largest - sun, in between planets Venus and Mars * is the ultimate life support system - workout planet, offering a wide variety of natural ways to stay in shape - water in which it floats - third from the Sun and Mars is fourth - thought to have arisen from a cloud of gas and dust in space - tilted, the amount of sunlight hitting each hemisphere differs as the Earth orbits the Sun * is two and one-half times more massive than Mars - thirds of a millionth of a light year from the sun - under threat from massive meteor showers * is unique among the planets in that it is dynamic and changing - for the life it possesses in abundance - in our solar system in having liquid water on the surface - to other planets because it is the only planet known to have water - unlike any other planet orbiting our Sun - used for livings - very different from Mars - vulnerable to impacts from comets and asteroids - words - worlds - wrapped in a thick layer of gas that is felt as wind whenever it moves - yin, and sky is yang * is, essentially, an ocean planet - of course, mostly a ball of rock and metals * launching pad for humankind's voyage to the stars. * little fatter around the equator. * lives in a swarm of near-Earth objects of different sizes and orbits. * living conscious entity in the universe with multiple personality disorder - mother, an organism - spaceship, floating through the sea of the universe * looks blue when seen from outer space by astronauts. * makes one lap around the Sun for about one year. * material place. * metal-rich planet endowed with an abundance of chemical elements. * minicourse in geology and ecology. * moderate planet with heavy erosion from atmospheric activity. * moderately large heat sink and takes time to display the effect of various influences. * mounds in southeastern Australia. * mounds, generally sepulchral in purpose, exist widely throughout the older continents. * moves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit - once every year * moves faster because it is closer to the sun, taking only one year to orbit our daystar - in orbit than Mars - from positions - round the sun stays still - slightly more slowly when it's farthest from the sun * moving equipment is used to stockpile the green waste and feed the grinding equipment. * needs a stable environment. * nest, and all the eggs of humanity, back in our time, are contained within it. * now has many man-made objects orbiting it * obtains small amounts of new water each time a volcano erupts and releases water vapor. * only gets one-billionth of the total energy produced by the sun * orbiting satellites are well suited to provide a global view of our climate - become visible when they reflect sunlight - make it possible to continuously monitor the world's food supplies - spacecraft observe phenomena that are large and global in scale * orbits Sun, and rotates once per day about axis - a yellow star - around the sun - central fire - our Sun once each year * orbits the Sun at a slant, which is why equinoxes and solstices happen - in an elliptical path * orbits the sun and rotates on a tilted axis to create seasonal changes - in an ellipse, which has a shape similar to an egg - once a year - sun, of course * passes between the Sun and the Moon Earth cast's a shadow on the Moon * passes through the orbit of a former comet that has become strewn with debris - still ether, and therefore feels the ether wind * penises are generally large, often irregularly shaped, and darkly pigmented - typically correspond with meat and potatoes sexual tastes * personalities frequently like the colors of green, brown, and black. * pities the condition of their bodies. * place with deep blue seas And a sky that is blue and clear. * planet among billions in our galaxy, and there are billions of such galaxies * planet where animals and plants can live - there is oxygen and other elements * plows through the dust, and the particles form meteors as they hit the atmosphere. * produces crops by itself - enough food to feed three worlds equal to the Earth - natural phenomena like hurricanes * provides a comfortable and temperate environment for a wide variety of living organisms. * provides, among other things, carbon, water, and air. * pulls down on all objects with a force called gravity. - into space * receives all wavelengths of solar radiation. * recycling planet. * relates to spleen. - the same size because an equal volume of crust is consumed at convergent boundaries * represents electrical ground and magnet represents the electromagnet used to generate tone - mothering qualities, harmony, receptivity, humility and servility - solid structures of the body - the solid state of matter * revolves around sun, moon around the earth. * revolves around the Sun because gravity keeps it in a roughly circular orbit around the Sun * revolves around the sun counterclockwise as seen from the north - once per year * rings like a bell in harmony with the solar system chords. * rotates West to East - and it gets different parts of sunlight - as it circles the sun - from the west towards the east - fully every day - in-between Venus and Mars, i.e., between love and war * rotates on an imaginary axis which runs from the North Pole to the South Pole - axis once per day about axis - once every day - so each part of it is in light during the day and dark at night - the electric current, making a dynamo and thereby producing a magnetic field - through water bulges - toward the East * rotates, making it appear like the moon revolves around the Earth once per day. * rotating on it's axis as it orbits the sun. * s interior layer, composed of both solid and putty-like rock is called the mantle. * satellite because it orbits the sun. * school for Spiritual evolution. * shadow moves across the moon, It's atmosphere Coloring the moon red. * shine varies on how many clouds are in the sky. * shines because it reflects sunlight, and clouds do most of the reflecting. * single known planet capable of sustaining life - point of failure * small planet, third from the Sun in the only system of planets definitely known to exist. * solid state of matter whose characteristics are stability, fixity and rigidity. * spells draw from the Earth spirit to unleash the powers of stone. * spins as it travels around the sun - very quickly compared to other planets * spins, or rotates. * stands for soil, dust or ground - hard as iron, water like a stone * store house of all kinds of energies. * supports many forms of life - on land, in the waters, and in the air. * sustains life because it is the fittest planet, biologically speaking * swirling ball of flames. * tends to move down and flames tend to leap up. * then blocks the light of the sun and Earth casts a shadow on the moon. * tiny speck in a huge universe. * too has volcanoes, but is unique in having plate techtonics. * totalitarian state. - much faster than Mars, Jupiter and Saturn * usually requires some sort of processing for use in construction. * very small part of a vast universe, but it is our home - tiny part of a vast cosmos * vomits rats. * warm planet. * wasteland, and man is an endangered species. * water planet, possibly one of a few in our entire galaxy * world built off of specialness * worms in a cubic foot of soil are a good measure of soil health. + Aurora: Earth sciences * Aurora occurs when the Sun sends off matter we call particles to the empty space. These particles are charged and contain energy, which means they contribute to electricity. Sometimes the solar wind hits Earth. Earth has a protection shield of energy around it. The magnetic field wards off most of the solar wind. + Blue: Colors * Blue is the color of the Earth's sky and sea. Earth looks blue when seen from outer space by astronauts. + Classical element: Ancient Greece :: Science * Earth is a planet. It is the planet on which we live. It is the third planet of the solar system. Earth has one moon. * It has only one Moon. Every 365 days it revolves around the Sun which provides light. Earth rotates so each part of it is in light during the day and dark at night. The Moon revolves but the same side of it is always facing Earth. The lunar calendar is based on this. + Emergency communication system, Broadcast Technologies, Infrastructure-Independent: Emergency services :: Communication * Because of the nature of radio wave propagation, communications made via short-wave radio can be intercepted and heard by anyone with the proper equipment and knowledge. Earth's ionosphere, they are ideal for some of the worse-case emergency scenarios. One disadvantage may be that one requires training and licensing to operate a short-wave radio, in many countries. + Rock cycle, Sedimentary rock * These processes can occur in different orders, and the cycle goes on forever. Earth has several processes for changing rocks. Wind and water can create sediment from rocks, and movement of a tectonic plate creates heat and pressure which compacts rocks into rock crystals, and eventually rock.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Earth material * are solid rocks and soils, liquid water, and the gases of the atmosphere * change over time from one form to another. * flow by a number of mechanisms. * provide many of the resources needed by humans - that humans use * vary widely in their ability to transmit and store ground water.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| earth: Diatomaceous earth * Use a dust mask when applying to prevent lung irritation. * consists of fossilized remains of diatoms , a type of hard-shelled algae. * contact insecticide, but is rather expensive. * contains small silica particles that are trapped within the joints of ants. * dust composed of the fossilized skeletons of microscopic sea organisms. * dust-like product that contains the crushed fossilized remains of diatoms. * dusty product that looks similar to flour. * fine powder composed of the shells of microscopic aquatic organisms. * has lots of surface area, like zeolite clays. * is all natural and is completely safe to use indoors or out. * is also excellent to use as a dust to control insects - very hard - an algae that has a hollow structure similar to a skeleton * is an effective control for practically all insects - method of controlling nest parasites - insecticidal dust which acts as an abrasive - believed to be a natural insect control powder * is composed of sharp crystals that cut the ants' exoskeletons - the silica skeletons of diatoms - derived from fossilized diatoms - earth - effective in killing a variety of other insects in addition to bat parasites * is made from fossilized diatoms and silica gel sand product - diatoms, and silica gel is produced from sand - the remains of fossilized marine algae called diatoms - up of the silica skeletons of small fossil marine organisms - mined from fossilized deposits of shells formed by tiny diatoms - non-toxic - one of the more effective repellents, applied as a dry powder to the plants * is the fossilized remains of tiny, one-celled organisms called diatoms - most common solid used - used as an insecticide * is used in a wide range of industrial applications - scouring powders and other abrasives - to control cockroaches, ants, silverfish, and fleas * is, however, difficult to use to treat larger areas effectively. * light colored soft friable siliceous sedimentary rock. * natural product that acts as a mechanical killer as opposed to a poison. * naturally-formed sedimentary mineral rock. * sprinkled on plants is reported to discourage slug feeding. * works best on dry days because humid weather helps damaged insects retain fluids - on soft bodied insects and slugs	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| earth: Dirt * Some dirt consists of urine. * acts like glue, and catches mould spores. * allows hookworm numbers to build up in the soil. * can cause a mouse to behave erratically - damage ropes in a similar way it damages rugs - greatly reduce light output - keep animals warm * causes a desire to bathes - cleans * clinging to equipment holds moisture and promotes corrosion. * collects on surfaces, reducing the amount of light reflected. * common problem, especially with herbs harvested from plant roots. * contains some of the bacteria hardest to kill - that are hardest to kill - hardest bacteria to kill * eating, or geophagy, goes back thousands of years. * four-letter word. * good insulator for ants and worms - soft to firm surface that llamas can lay on regularly * grinds down carpet fiber the way sandpaper wears down wood, and thus shortens carpet life. * inhibits light reflection. * is abrasive by nature and increases the wear on the various motor parts - easier to remove after paper has dried - harmful to fiber optic connectors * is located in beds - carpets - cellars - closets - corners - desks - fields - fingernails - floors - forests - fraternity houses - gardens - moons - race tracks - streets - subways - trees - materials - pollution, the inevitable by-product of commerce * is the giver of life - number one cause of premature belt failure - remains of what was once soil, or debris that never was soil to begin with * is the stuff people track in houses - that stains clothing and carpets, clogs drains, and silts up water channels - where they live - words * keeps equipment and clothing from retaining body heat and resisting moisture. * kills trout eggs and fills up the lakes that produce hydroelectric power. * major source of lead because of the high levels found in the soil. * often clings to the roots when the birds bring it in. * restricts air flow and increases fuel consumption. * shortens rope life by causing internal as well as external abrasion.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| earth \| dirt: Alluvial soil * are present along major rivers. * carried in the floodwaters add nutrients to the floodplains. * comprise the terrain of Tibet. * is dirt + Kakadu National Park, Landforms: Protected areas of the Northern Territory :: Ramsar sites :: Australian National Heritage List :: World Heritage Sites in Australia :: National parks in Australia * During the wet season, water carried down from the Arnhem Land plateau often overflows from creeks and rivers onto nearby floodplains. Alluvial soils carried in the floodwaters add nutrients to the floodplains. Nutrient-rich soils along with an abundance of water and sunlight make the floodplains an area of prolific plant and animal life. During the dry season the water drains into rivers, creeks and isolated waterholes or billabongs. Bare dirt * is either mud or dust. * surrounding a crop leaves nothing for the pests to eat except the crop. Bole * are heavily buttressed, cylindrical, and clear for more than two-thirds of total height - pigment * are straight and cylindrical, sometimes buttressed - of fairly good length - straight, cylindrical, without buttresses, and clear for long lengths * come in different colors, including black, yellow and red. * is and Irish name.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| earth \| dirt: Clay * All clays are fine-grained materials and most have a phylosillicate or sheet structure. * Most clay has particles - shapes - surface areas - varied colors in from impurities - white, red, yellow, tan and blue - reflects sunlight * Most clays are crystalline, but some are amorphous - plastic when naturally wet or mixed with water - sticky and mouldable * Some clay absorbs energy - consists of particles * Some clay has low permeability - increases water capacity * Some clay is made of feldspars - reddish in color, some gray or blue-tinted, and some is even white - wood fired, and some is gas fired - provides essential nutrients * Some clay provides many essential nutrients - plant nutrients * Some clays hold water and nutrients between fine layers - stay fresh longer than others * are also the reason that there are little trapped lakes left after winter rains - electrochemically active and excellent geomaterial for hydraulic barrier - made up of very small particles - mostly illite, together with chlorite at depth - perhaps the oldest materials from which humans have manufactured various artifacts - silica minerals with a two dimensional sheet structure * are the most common hydrophobic colloids in natural waters - smallest soil particles - ultra fine-grained deposits generally composed of complex silicates - used to make cement, bricks, and tile * attract and bind only the left-handed form which happens to be the type found in living cells. * bind simple molecules and have ions that can be catalysts. * can reveal key details of weathering and diagenesis. * contain mostly silica and alumina - silica, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc * cover rather than sand reduced infiltration and leachate generation. * form an easy to recognize layer dissected by erosion in some segments of Clark Creek. * give off minerals and absorb acids. * hardens in the sun, while wax grows soft. * has areas - characteristics - matter - patches * have a high wilting point - high water and nutrient holding capacity, but drain very slowly - the potential to bind vitamins and nutrients - very high surface area, small pore spaces, water adheres to soils * is art supplies - ground * mixes with water. * particles in a clay coating parallel to the wall of a void. * preserves wood. * require fairly long term exposure to water to form. * shrinks and cracks when it is dry, but becomes heavy and waterlogged when saturated. * soils with low levels of organic matter can be difficult to work. * tend to be cohesive soils. * tends to hold a lot of moisture - moisture too long and can kill the tree * typically are phyllosilicate minerals with a sheet-like structure. ### substance \| earth \| dirt \| clay: Bentonite * are clays composed of very fine particles derived usually from volcanic ash - difficult to add to water - used for decolorizing various mineral, vegetable, and animal oils * is clay. * tie up iodine and selenium which cause iodine-deficient animals. Fire clay * contains a large proportion of kaolin. * is rich silica, but contains only small amounts of lime, iron, and alkali. Fireclay * are yellow or gray in color but fire to an off-white to burnt tan color. * usually produce the lighter colours such as buff and grey. Heavy clay * drains slowly, meaning it stays saturated longer after rain or irrigation - which means that stays saturated longer after rain or irrigation * is difficult to work with, compacts easily when it is wet and holds a lot of water - preferable to lightweight plastic	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| earth \| dirt \| clay: Kaolin * also seems to prevent the weevil from feeding on citrus leaves. * can cause anemia, severe liver and kidney damage as well as constipation. * fine white clay used to create porcelain. * is an industrial mineral that is used mainly in the paper industry - one of the more highly prized of the industrial mineral clays - pure clay mineral - pure, fine white powdered clay that is great for oily skins * is the clay of choice for any clay body which needs to be clean and white - fine clay used for the production of porcelain and china - major primary clay which is used in ceramics - white clay-like mineral used for ceramics and refractories * is used as a high temperature bonding agent in ceramics as well as a constituent in coatings - in a variety of products, including paper, ceramics, paint and rubber * is used to give paper a glossy coating and for filling paper - make porcelain paste - well hydrated and has a much higher percentage of alumina than does red clay * natural component of the soil and occurs widely in ambient air. * produces a specific pneumoconiosis, known as kaolinosis. * pure white clay that forms when the mineral feldspar breaks down. * stable material under ordinary conditions. Kaolin clay * contribute desirable properties to plastics, polymers and other specialties. * exists in considerable amounts and has proven to be a valuable resource. * is sold in bulk form for many uses such as papermaking and pottery. Plastic clay * Most plastic clays shrink appreciably with drying, which tends to produce cracking and warping. * is soft and easily workable. Polymer clay * are great for beads and jewelry. * come in opaque and translucent colors. * is formed to metal spring back barrettes, and are available in five different styles. * modeling compound made primarily of plastic materials. * pre-colored clay that requires baking in a home oven in order to harden. * uniquely versatile material. * user-friendly material, which can be made into many different forms and designs. Sporting clay * are one of the nation's fastest growing sports. * simulate real-life hunting by throwing targets in the woods. White clay * Some white clay is made of feldspars. * avoid staining clothes too. * is more difficult to work with than the other colors.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| earth \| dirt: Gumbo * are part of okras - soup - stew - vegetables * comes from the African word 'ngumbo' which means okra. * is Swahili for okra - actually the Swahili word for okra - also the creole name for okra , which is one of the staples in the dish - dirt - the soil that makes up much of our river-bottom ground * mixture of various things. * perennial Gulf Coast favorite. * soup that combination of many different ingredients. * traditional southern soup like dish. * very popular fish and shellfish southern stew which contains okra. Hardpan * are patches of bare rock alternating with patches of sand or mud. * mixture of clay, silt, sand, and gravel.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| earth \| dirt: Humus * creates a loose structure that simultaneously holds moisture and drains well. * has a profound effect on the structure of many soils - very high specific surface area and possesses a net positive electrical charge - other beneficial effects besides feeding soil microorganisms - the holding power to retain cation nutients against leaching * is also an important storehouse of phosphorus and sulfur - the form of organic matter that most directly adds to a soil's productive properties - created when soil is treated with a pH solution, but it never occurs in soil - left after organic matter decomposes - made up of a humic group and a nonhumic group * provides slow release of all the nutrients which is essential for crops - the nutrients for new plant growth and holds moisture in the soil	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| earth \| dirt: Laterite * is dirt * vary significantly according to their location, climate and depth. Loam * are a mixture of clay, sand, and silt, and are more fertile than other soils - agriculturally productive and have good drainage qualities - mixtures of the different types * represent roughly even mixtures of sand, silt, and clay. ### substance \| earth \| dirt \| loam: Sandy loam * is in the lower part in some pedons - the predominant soil texture, along with loamy sands * predominate, with clays occurring in river bottoms. Loess * All loess is eolian, transported by the wind. * is dirt<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| earth \| dirt: Mud * Most mud comes from environments - rich environments - contains water * Most mud includes clay minerals * Some mud contains seeds. * allow people to exert total conscious control over all aspects of their identity. * are Constructionist environments in which people build personally meaningful artifacts - interactive games played on the Internet - role-playing games that exist on the Internet for entertainment purposes - text based virtual worlds * are text-based environments one can telnet into and play around in - virtual realities * are the equalizers in a world full of different speeds of computers and different incomes - islands that make the internet fun to swim in - virtual hypertext environments, sometimes called worlds * have the potential to build an entire world, gradually and collectively. * provide environments that are unlike anything ever created in the history of mankind. ### substance \| earth \| dirt \| mud: Wet mud * has a soft wet texture and is squishy. + Mud: Geology * Some animals like worms, frogs, snails, clams, and crayfish live in mud. Pigs and elephants use it to cool themselves in hot weather. Some people enjoy making mud pies out of mud. Others include the sandy soil, or sand, and garden soil. Wet mud has a soft wet texture and is squishy. Young children sometimes play in puddles of mud. Mud is usually brown. Prairie soil * Most prairie soils are neutral to slightly alkaline. * are usually deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. - rich soil * provide a rich growth medium for a range of agricultural crops - food for America and many other countries	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| earth \| dirt: Sand * Most sand consists of atoms - quartz grain - contains quartz * Most sand has color - particles * Most sand is formed of rock particles that had been broken off from the main rock - made up of small pieces of quartz - transported from inland via rivers and streams - product of the weathering of rocks on land areas inland from the beaches * Some sand contains particles - enters eyes * Some sand has conductivity - different thermal conductivity - strength - is used by masons - mixes with mud - skinks feed on ants - sands contain magnetite , chlorite , glauconite or gypsum * adapted species exist on a narrow archipelago. * adsorbs organic compounds on which microorganisms can feed. * allows water to drain quickly. * also absorbs dirt - moves via storms and wind * are loose fragments of minerals or rocks - nutrient poor - relatively homogeneous laterally and extremely heterogeneous vertically - usually light grey to white in colour and often also impoverished in iron and manganese * arises from coastal erosion and is transported by rivers towards the sea. * assists the function fo the activated carbon, and maintains the freshness of the water. * becomes a purified gas, then silicon, then chips. * blows in from a seasonally-wet lake bed where gypsum continues to form. * boils and sand fissures sometimes occur during moderate to large earthquakes. * bottomless pit. * can also be beneficial in an artificial situation such as in a raised bed or in a pot - be a significant source of phosphorus, a nutrient that contributes to algal blooms - burn - contain many interesting fragments e.g. of sponges, shells and minerals - cool, giving a risk of frost * can get extremely hot and blister paws - underneath a snakes scales and cause irritation and skin problems - obstruct and clog drainage ditches and storm drain systems - slowly harden into stone * collects along the nodal lines of vibrating plates. * comes from the gradual aging of the cement pipes used in much of our distribution system. * common component of nursery growing media used for ballast weight. * compound of silicon known as silicon dioxide or silica. - lots of small, hard grains of rock that can slide over each other - silicon atoms - small, weathered rock particles, usually silicaceous in origin * constitute a natural event recorder, leaving a record of what creatures have moved past. * containing feldspar and mica breaks down relatively quickly. * contains components - very small particles besides the grains * contributes to cow comfort, good udder health and clean cows. * covers the ocean floor - water circulation pipes that keep the grass warm during the football season * dominate in coarse-textured soils, which are referred to often as light soils. * eels Another eel typically found around Britain is the sand eel. * fills all voids. * flies infest all of coastal Florida. * forms layers. * gnats swarm and attack. * greens with very high infiltration rates require light and frequent applications of water. * has characteristics - matter * have a low conductivity, silts have a medium conductivity, and clays have a high conductivity - good conditions for root penetration, but have poor nutrition and water holding capacity * helps prevent rocks and small roots from puncturing the black film plastic in the float beds - with drainage because the particles are so large * insulates heat. * is actually loose particles of disintegrated or worn rock. * is also a soil textural class in which sand is the dominate separate - abrasive and hard on the digestive system - easier to clean - significantly less expensive than cement - the principal ingredient of glass, which has thousands of uses - very abrasive * is an example of a clastic sediment - excellent filter for removing sediment and bacteria from water - inorganic bedding material comprised principally of silicon with little or no carbon - bigger, coarser particles, also from rock, often quartz or silica - capable of flow - common in places of higher elevation on which pine trees are typical - found all over the Earth * is gritty and consists of very small particles of rock and minerals - to the touch and the individual grains or particles can be seen with the naked eye - ground * is located in concrete - deserts - moons - oceans - sandboxs - shoes - streets - swimsuits * is loose and single grained - gritty material made up of mineral or rock grains * is made by erosion - of Mica, feldspar, magnetite, and other minerals - up of fine grains of rock, coral and shells * is made up of larger particles which can be seen with the naked eye - which canbe seen with the naked eye - lots of tiny pieces of minerals, mostly silica or quartz - the largest particles, allowing for quick drainage and leaching of nutrients - tiny particles of rock - melted and spun into fine glass fiber - more stable than clay soils and rocky soils have other requirements - mostly quartz * is moved back and forth by the wind and the waves - parallel to most beaches in Florida by longshore drift and currents - never easy to run on, especially when the weather's been hot and dry and the sand is loose - of a fine grit, but is mixed with rounded rocks in patches - particularly destructive to joints and ribs - preferred as an underlayer for other flooring materials as it provides excellent drainage * is pushed by the sea up against the coast, making beautiful beaches - off shore during winter months - rare on the deep ocean floor, which is mainly mud - rich with natural and cultural history - silicic acid in much larger agregates * is silicon dioxide, which is too stable to liberate oxygen - softer than concrete, but it provides an uneven shifting base * is the biggest particle - coarsest, followed by silt and then clay - largest of the particles, clay the smallest * is the largest particle and can be seen - in the soil - size, and clay is the smallest - particle, silt intermediate, and clay the smallest - media typically used in the catchboxes to slow the rounds so that they can be contained * is the most common aggregate used in rough-coat plaster - widely used bedding material on Mississippi dairy farms - principal raw material for essentially all commercial glasses - slightly bigger than silt - soil of Florida scrub - there to be made into sandcastles * is used for beachs - ocean beachs - most often when temperatures are too low for salt to be effective * is very abrasive and can irritate a dogs feet, especially between the toes - high in silica, but because of the particle size, it is less significant than clay - light in color, drains fast and is easy to work in - visible, silt particles are the size of talc and clay particles are microscopic - washed from gravel by high pressure water and discharged into lower chute - where all the people are as well as the active runway * kills tipworm larvae which overwinter on the surface of the bogs. * lances school in many bays and inlets in the inside waters. * loose granular material blanketing the beaches, riverbeds and deserts of the world. * major ingredient of mortar, plaster, concrete, and asphalt paving. * migrates close to the seabed and by the current it builds up characteristic ripples. * natural abrasive. * needs more water than clay. * often contains eroded particles of rocks and minerals carried downstream by rivers and creeks - has a lot of small quartz bits - hides dead, but still sharp, coral * piles up at the base of the mountains and along their flanks, forming dunes and sand sheets. * presents as a homogenous gray and allows the ultrasound waves to penetrate deep. * provide better air flow and to help insulate against heat. * provides greater cushion and surface drainage than other bedding materials. * ranges from flour fineness to near pebbles, pure one color to polychrome, white to black. * recognized hydroponic media. * reduces the supply of air and cools it. * removes acidity, and floats in the water cleanly, silica sand makes the water fresh, and tasty. * ripples in an oscillating annular sand-water cell. * rise, the dead come to life, bugs eat people. * rises support dry black oak savannas. * saturated by salt water terrific ground plane for verticals. * serves as a sensory experience for children of all ages, abilities and development. * soaks up the sun's rays, quickly heating the water. * source of silicon. * spits divide and protect the estuarine environment from the dynamic influence of the ocean. * tends to build up between sea and ship - compact itself - suppress fungal development and facilitates uniform water uptake * threatens buildings and crops in Africa, the Middle East, and China. * traps energy. * type of sediment derived from the weathering of rocks such as granite. * usually represent water. * veins and wedges in cold aeolian environments. + Quartz: Minerals * Sand often has a lot of small quartz bits. This mineral contains silica. Quartz has a mineral hardness of 8. + Silicon: Semimetals * There is a lot of silicon on the Earth. At the beach, there is silicon in the form of sand. Sand is a compound of silicon known as silicon dioxide or silica. The glass can have different colours by adding coloured compounds. Silicon also makes up a lot of different rocks and minerals, and they are known as silicates.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| earth \| dirt \| sand: Beach sand * Many beach sands consist of nearly pure quartz. * Most beach sand consists of grain - forms layers * can also be a tip-off about the contour of the ocean bottom. * has a low capacitance to retain water and is nutrient-poor, with little organic matter - that characteristic, because wave action tends to sort the grains by size * is made up of fragments of shells and rocks with many exposed edges - subjected to reworking by waves - the final product of landslides washed to the seashore * originates mainly from rivers and streams which carry it directly to the ocean. Coarse sand * contain very little organic matter. * has a lower surface area than the same weight of fine sand. * is also the most abrasive to manure handling equipment - home for hermit crabs, small clams, and sand dollars Deep sand * exists when conditionare are very dry. * is nearly impossible to negotiate on a bike, as are swamps, bogs and wet meadows. Fine sand * can clump and hold water, rather than allowing it to drain down and through the pot. * helps it withstand the shock of rewetting. * is used to improve isolation and coupling. * permeates the structure of the rocks. * produce the highest quality melons when adequate fertilizer and water are provided. Foundry sand * are less sensitive to compaction water content than clayey soils. * is the second largest industrial use of sand in terms of tons consumed. Grain of sand * Every grain of sand planet in the other world - universe, every universe, a grain of sand * Grains of sand are largest and most irregularly shaped, while particles of clay are the smallest - very small - exist individually, but they are only individuated numerically - look like pieces of gravel when viewed through a microscope * is located in bathing suits - beachs - eyes * is part of beachs - universes Ordinary sand * becomes wet in water. * is nearly pure silicon dioxide. Quartz sand * are important in manufacture of glass and ceramics. * is commonly light tan or yellowish, but can also be reddish in color. Soft sand * can cause flip-overs on landing or too much drag for takeoff. * is an aid to workability and can contribute significantly to the final colour. Vented sand * contains marine-shell fragments. * contains-marine shell fragments. Wet sand * can make the inside of the legs rusty. * play allows children to encounter principles of math and science firsthand. White sand * is sprinkled randomly to cover the entire black surface of the plate - used with rocks arranged in a simple, but artistic, manner * shelve steeply down into clear blue-green water.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| earth \| dirt: Silt * Most silt comes from the process of erosion of the top layer of earth. * Some silts contain pollutants - enter waterways * Some silts have bulk density * Some silts have lower bulk density - several layers - texture - prevent respiration * adds bulk to the soil, supplies minerals through chemical breakdown, and helps retain water. * also clogs gills of fish and invertebrates. * are located in water - the middle size and weight * can also settle out on corals and interfere with feeding and recolonization - be heavy at times making visibility low - build up behind a dam to limit the amount of water stored in the reservoir - cause electrical shorting or mechanical malfunctions - fillin spaces between larger particles in till - kill salmon in the creek by clogging their gills and blocking their oxygen supply - plug up the alevin's gills * causes a number of problems for both natural habitats and humans. * collects on the shelf off-shore. * covers gravel and chokes off the oxygen supply in the water. * diminishes light penetration and eventually settles out on the seafloor. * feels soft and silky, just like flour used for baking. * floats in the water, clouding it and making it impossible to see the bottom. * flour fine powder of ground rock. * general term for sediment washed away by running water. * have ability. * helps identify rocks. * is also a soil textural class in which silt principal separate - quartz, but the particles are much smaller than sand - carried by moving water - common in swamps, marshes,bayous, and along coastal saltwater areas - damaging spawning grounds in several streams flowing into the river - finer than sand, but coarser than clay - made up of smaller particules and has a floury feel - plackey, it dries in layers with a little fiber * is the middle ground, with much smaller particles than sand and it feels slippery when wet - product of physical weathering , such as freezing and thawing - result from poor farming practices, overgrazing of stream banks and logging * is the top pollutant of Iowa's waterways - water pollutant in Iowa, and farm fertilizers are high on the list - transported by streams or by water currents in the ocean - typically very rich in nutrients and water - usually the easiest type of particle to be entrain by wind * much finer textured soil type than sand. * particle of rock much smaller than sand. * prevents effective drainage by blocking and displacing water. * produces moist, well-drained soils needed for deciduous forests. * soil particle whose size is between sand and clay. * stops the passage of oxygen to the developing egg yolk and into the gills of tadpoles. * usually has a floury feel when dry, and a slippery feel when wet. * very fertile soil. + Siltstone: Sedimentary rocks * Silt is the product of physical weathering, such as freezing and thawing. Physical weathering does not involve any chemical changes in the rock, just its physical breaking apart. Subsoil * are clay, sandy clays, silty clays, and heavy clay loams - the bones of the earth - usually lighter in color, dense and low in organic matter * consists of rock particles mixed with mineral nutrients. * is dirt - the middle layer that contains large rocks alongside minerals washed out of the topsoil Topsoil * Most topsoil contains matter - nitrogen - has materials * Some topsoil consists of sand. * contain much higher levels of available phosphorus than subsoils. * needs for growth. Earth change * is found in wisdom inner peace is found in acceptance - the way of nature * occur in measurable patterns, which are seasonal and daily. * take place over many scales of time and space.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| earth: Moraine * Most moraine is part of glaciers - moraines have young apparent exposure ages, with only a few older than the last glacial cycle * Some moraines form under the ice, others form in front of the ice. * appear as hill or ridges marking original glacial limits. * are glacial depositional landforms - deposits laid down along the margins of glaciers - hummocky , hilly , and can be steep - mostly soil and rocks - ridges of drift formed by moving ice * can also create moraine dammed lakes. * is Norway's most common type of superficial deposit - dominated by mud-rich till and poorly sorted debris flows - in southwest location of Dayton metropolitan area - material transported by a glacier and then deposited - sites - till deposits which are made up of hills and depressions * only show up in places that have, or used to have, glaciers. * sometimes form natural dams so that lakes form upstream after the ice recedes. ### substance \| earth \| moraine: Ground moraine * are more extensive area-wise than are lateral moraines - pieces of rock the glaciers drop as they travel - the most common type of moraine and can be found on every continent * is exposed as glaciers retreat. Lateral moraine * are deposits of debris such as gravel and sand along the side of a valley glacier. * are formed by the rocks falling from the mountains upon the sides of the glacier - lines of pushed-up debris on the sides of glaciers - parallel ridges of debris deposited along the sides of a glacier - the mounds of till that are at the margins of outlet or valley glaciers * form along the side of a glacier and curl into a terminal moraine - at the sides of flowing valley glaciers Medial moraine * are formed when two glaciers meet - indicative of multiple valley glaciers flowing in parallel * form on top of existing glaciers. * is formed from two lateral moraines. Recessional moraine * are simply terminal moraines from more than one advance. * mark intermediate advances. Terminal moraine * are big mounds of earth pushed up in front of the glacier as it moves forwards - similar deposits at the end of a glacier * mark the position of the ice where it was most extensive.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Elastomer * All elastomers have a high and low temperature limit - an upper and lower temperature limit * Many elastomers are sensitive to ozone cracking. * Most elastomers contain waxes designed to offer protection from ozone. * are a special case of the wider group of materials known as polymers - also usually thermoplastics - generally easier to pigment and store - polymers with long flexible chains - poor conductors of heat - the most corrosion sensitive part of the seal * are very sensitive to both temperature and pressure * have a tendency to stretch out when the are exposed to a repetitive duty cycle - very low moduli * positioned in the seal face are subject to the heat generated between the seal faces.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Enamel * Some enamel has mechanical properties * Some enamel is part of fangs - incisors - molars - teeth - tusks - enamels use other glass producing substances, such as phosphates * are easy to apply and come in a wide assortment of colors - especially tough and washable - generally smoother and dry to a harder surface than other interior paints - great on metal - oil varnishes with pigment added - oil-based paints and they require paint thinner to thin and clean up - petroleum-based paints - transparent * give greater moisture resistance and are easier to clean. * is coating - compounds - part of crowns ### substance \| enamel: Dental enamel * eroded by stomach acid and lack of menstruation are other signs. * is the hardest substance our bodies can produce, even harder than bone.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Extracellular material * Some extracellular materials are produced by fungi - wood decay fungi * can be fluid, fibers, ground substance molecules, and minerals. Fecal material * Some fecal materials accumulate in fetal intestines * is deposited daily by both rats and mice - mixed with a concentrated salt solution - usually the most important source of bacterial contamination of eggs - voided through the anus from the short rectum Ferroelectric material * are highly valuable for next-generation electronics. * can create an electric field the way iron magnets create a magnetic field. * exhibit a broad range of functional properties. * have a dielectric constant that can be varied by an applied electric field - large macroscopic electrical dipole polarizations<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Ferromagnetic material * Most ferromagnetic materials exhibit some measurable magnetostriction. * Some ferromagnetic materials have external fields - magnetic fields * are far more magnetically permeable than air or vacuum - natural producers of magnetic fields like iron, cobalt, and nickel * contains many tiny magnetic domains at the microscopic level. * exhibit magnetism even in the absence of an external magnetic field - phenomena * have a large, positive susceptibility to an external magnetic field - some unpaired electrons so their atoms have a net magnetic moment - special structure that enhances their magnetic effects - very high magnetic permeabilities	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Fiber * Describes various kinds of fibers that can be made into yarns. * Many fibers act as paths for the movement inside the cell. * Most fiber absorbs water - consists of cellulose * Most fiber contains chemicals - proteins * Most fiber has fatty sheaths - many health benefits - structures - helps bacterium levels * Most fiber helps blood cholesterol levels - sugar levels - control blood sugar levels - digestion - healthy cholesterol levels - lower blood cholesterol levels - toxins - includes materials - increases fecal n excretion * Most fiber is derived from the cell walls of plants and is indigestible - from cellulose, pectin, gums, and lignin, all derived from plant matter * Most fibers are a mix of both soluble and insoluble - carbohydrates - hydrophilic which means they repel fat and attract water * Some fiber also comes from the tissue covering the front surface of the muscle itself. * Some fiber carries secretion - stimulate secretion - conducts light * Some fiber connects eyes - organs * Some fiber contains myofibril - oxygen * Some fiber contributes to digestive health * Some fiber encourages digestion - healthy digestion - finds in wood * Some fiber has animal origins - chemical resistance - conductivity - excessive potassium - glass transition temperature * Some fiber has high chemical resistance - thermal conductivity * Some fiber has lower conductivity - oil - wool * Some fiber helps blood cholesterol - indigestible food - lower cholesterol - stable blood sugar - irritates bowels - makes up sponges * Some fiber passes through gastrointestinal tracts - protects hearts - uses in construction * Some fibers are soluble in water and others are insoluble - cross the cell to form the mitotic spindle - project to the contralateral olfactory bulb by way of the anterior commissure * absorbs large amounts of water, and water-soaked fiber bulks up and softens the stool - the fluid and makes stools more formed if the problem is diarrhea * absorbs water and carries it out of the body which can cause dehydration - helps move food and waste through the gastrointestinal tract more quickly - lends bulk to the intestinal contents - as it moves through the digestive tract - water, so stools are naturally larger, softer and easier to be moved through * act as biochemical sponges, absorbing impurities, gases, and toxins. * acts as a broom to sweep out cancer-causing substances from the bowel - like a sponge in the intestines, holding in water * adds bulk. * affects levels of estrogens in the body. * appear in various parts of the plant. * are a major component of loose connective tissues - actually the stalks of the plant - also the basic component of wood products, such as paper - durable, and are retained in a range of concentrations - excellent media for laser beams, showing low losses and efficient heat dissipation - microscopic and nearly indestructible - more pronounced in fruits grown with hard water and chemical fertilizers - shorter than sk muscle are electrically linked by gap junction at the intercalated disk - stiffer than flax, used in cordage, rope, canvas and sailcloth - the chemical substances in cell walls that give plants their structure - used to carry phone calls and the Internet between cities * arise from both olivary complexes but primarily from the contralateral complex. * attracts and binds water in the large bowel. * binds cholesterol and can help in cholesterol reduction - resulting in lower cholesterol levels - to estrogen in the bowel and eliminates it - with and eliminates cancer-causing substances in our bodies * burn differently when they are in a cloth structure. * can be an important component of some beverage products - bent around obstacles and still transmit light - helpful because it improves how the intestines work - break and loose particles can be inhaled - pass through the alveoli and migrate to the pleura, the lining of the chest cavity * carries bile and fat out of the body. * cleans out mucus from the intestinal tract and lowers cholesterol. * comes from multiple sources - plant foods only, and includes breads, cereals, legumes, fruits, and vegetables * comes in both soluble and insoluble forms - thousands of forms * constitute protein most resembling cellulose. * contain cellulose, hemicellulose, beta-glucans, and pectins which are all polysaccharides. * contributes bulk, absorbs water, and speeds transit through the intestines - in several ways to aid in weight loss * crimp increases bulk and cover and facilitates interlocking of staple fibers in spun yarns - retains resin and resists resin drain-out * decreases the transit time through the intestine. * encourages healthy digestion and can help prevent constipation. * exit the spinal cord at their respective levels. * facilitates detoxification and bolsters our natural defenses against parasites and fungi - proper digestion * feeds and maintains a healthy intestinal flora. * forms sheaths. * get thinner and breaks - that creates lines on the skin surface. * grown in submerged culture often are smaller in diameter and have thicker cell walls. * has additional benefits - important benefits * has many benefits - net effects - positive effects - profound effects - roles - same health benefits * helps address the concern about the prevalence of obesity in pets - digestion as well as elimination - exercise the digestive track and keep it clean and healthy - in the prevention of constipation * helps keep cholesterol levels in check and plays a role in preventing colon cancer - digested food bulky and soft as it passes through the colon * helps lower blood cholesterol levels - cancer and heart disease risks, studies show * helps lower cholesterol and control blood sugars - rates, which are one of the major risk factors for heart disease - cholesterol, reducing the risk of heart disease * helps prevent and manage constipation - bowel cancer - constipation as well as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity - hairballs and other serious intestinal problems - hemorrhoids - prevents constipation and hemorrhoids by retaining water in the stool - propel wastes through the digestive tract and safely out of the colon * helps reduce blood cholesterol levels, cutting heart disease risk - calorie intake and fat storage - toxins in the body * helps regulate blood sugar levels as well - the metabolism, controls body weight and supports a healthy, active colon - sustain blood sugar levels and promotes bowel regularity - to prevent the recycling of liver bile * helps to reduce bad cholesterol - blood sugar surges - the risk of heart disease and some forms of cancer - regulate bowel function and relieve constipation - waste pass through the body more quickly, preventing the hard stools of constipation * includes cotton - insoluble fiber * increase the amount of energy needed to break the fused silica material - modulus of the matrix material * increases bulk and water in the intestinal contents - dietary bulk, making chewing more work, and giving a feeling of fullness * interferes with absorption of numerous medications. * interrupts most steps of the estrogen pathway. * is cord - fabric - solid objects * lowers cholesterol and is linked to lower incidences of some cancers and heart disease. * naturally occur in both plants and animals. * obtained from dried palm leaves are dyed with colorful extracts of wild plants, bark and mud. * offers protection. * performs functions - same functions * plays a key role in the health of the digestive system - an important role in colon health, helping to rid the body of toxins and adding bulk * project, after decussation, into the red nucleus and ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus - nucleus and ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus * provide important cleansing attributes which aid in the digestive process. * provides benefits * reduces estrogen levels - the absorption of most minerals * reduces the risk of colon problems and infections - heart disease, constipation, diverticulitis, and diabetes - time it takes for wastes to pass through the intestinal tract * requires removals. * resist rapid digestion in the intestinal tract. * run oblique to the long axis of the muscle and approach the tendon from one direction. * show helical symmetry rather than the three-dimensional symmetry taken on by crystals. * slows down the rate at which glucose is absorbed from food into the bloodstream. * slows the digestive process so that absorption of glucose proceeds more slowly - intestinal absorption of sugar and helps to level out blood sugar levels * softens when it absorbs water. * stimulate the digestive system. * stimulates peristalsis. * swell in the water, and as they rub against each other the impurities start to fall away. * synapse in the submandibular ganglion, and post-synaptic fibers then enter the gland. * takes time to get in the ground. * tends to slow down digestion, thus preventing sudden spikes of blood glucose. * travel from the basal ganglia and cerebellum down to the spinal cord. * travels through the digestive system better with liquid. * used in a satin weave include rayon, polyester, acetate and silk - include carbon, aramid, glass, polyethylene, and silica * works by drawing fluids from the body to add bulk to the stool. + Optics * While optics is an old science, new things are still being discovered in it. Scientists have learned how to make light travel through a thin optical fiber made of glass or plastic. Light can go long distances in a fiber. Fibers are used to carry phone calls and the Internet between cities.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Acrylic fiber * are resistant to moisture, mildew and fading in direct sunlight - soft but they collect static and are weakened in the dryer * burn with a flaming, melting drip of molten material. * create a fine, soft and luxurious fabric with the bulk and hand of wool. * is fiber - synthetic fiber - thermoplastic * provides lifetime wicking capability to fabrics made from it. * takes dye beautifully and is completely colorfast. * vary with construction and require different care.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber: Asbestos fiber * are also a cause of lung cancer - virtually indestructible - chemically inert, or nearly so - durable, flexible, strong and resistant to wear - exceptionally strong and are resistant to heat - extremely durable, lightweight, and fire-resistant - heat and fire resistant and extremely durable * are microscopic and can cause severe lung damage - only a health hazard if they become airborne in sufficient numbers * are resistant to heat and fire - most chemicals - small, thin, and strong * are very light and can remain airborne for very long periods of time - small and some times invisible to the human eye - strong - too strong for the human body to break down - tough and stay in the same harmful form in the environment for a long time * can be as little as three micrometers wide - in pipe insulation * can cause asbestosis, a fibrosing interstitial lung disease - emphysema and lung cancer - health problems if inhaled - serious health problems - enter the body after inhalation or oral exposures - lead to a number of diseases including asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancer * can remain in a victim's lungs and body - the air for long periods of time because they are so light and small * inhaled can cause a chronic health hazard. * looks quite different than glass fiber. * reside in lung tissue and can cause lung cancer or emphysema. * tend to break easily into particles that can float in the air and stick to clothes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Axon * All axons start off unmyelinated. * Every axon contains neurotransmitters at their end. * Many axons make up a myelin sheath - nerve * Most axons eventually regrow, over a variable period of time - form many branches as they extend away from the soma * Most axons have lower resistance - motile structures - myelin sheaths * Some axons are part of brains - cortexes - neocortexs - neurons - can extend up to one meter or more while others extend as little as one millimeter - pass from one hemisphere to the other in bundles such as the large corpus callosum * Some axons penetrate dorsal nuclei * actively navigate to their targets by reading chemical cues in their environments. * are fibers that interconnect the cells - generally straight, non-branching processes of uniform diameter - like cables that carry messages throughout the nervous system - long , thin and tendril-like - much like a highly developed dendrite - nerve fiber - ordinarily longer than dendrites although there is usually only one axon per neuron - part of nerve cells - single, extended fibers - spiny extensions of neurons that carry brain impulses * are the cable-like processes of neurons that carry impulses from one region to another - long extensions of nerve cells that make up nerve fibers - long, thin arms that link one nerve cell to another - primary transmission lines of the nervous system , and as bundles they form nerves - structures which transmit a signal from one neuron to another cell - telephone lines of the nervous system, carrying a nerve impulse to a target cell - unique extension from the neuronal cell body * arising from the phrenic nucleus comprise the phrenic nerve that innervates the diaphragm - the phrenic nerve, which innervates the diaphragm * can be several feet long, can go down the spine and across the hemispheres of the brain. * carry electrical signals from a neuron to the dendrite of another neuron - electro-chemical impulses away from cell bodies - messages to and from the brain - signals to and from the neurons and are covered by a protective sheath called myelin * conduct impulses away from the cell body - nerve impulses between neurons * cross to the opposite side of the brain at the medulla, travel to the thalamus. * end at junctions known as synapses. * extend for as long as four feet in humans. * form the oculomotor nerve. * grow from the trigeminal to the cuneate nucleus in adult monkeys following deafferentations - into the limb buds before any recognizable structures are present - selectively along their respective pathways - slowly, probably no faster than our hair grows, at about a mm a day at fastest * includes cell membranes - chromosomes - corpi - cytoskeletons - lobes - nerve endings - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * invariably acquire sheaths along their course. - fibre * leave the olfactory receptors and synapse in the olfactory bulb. * send information to other neurons, to muscle cells, or to gland cells - target cells, while dendrites are the sites for receiving information * showing homotypic collateral sprouting can grow for long distances for over a year. * take information 'away from' the cell body. * terminate widely throughout the brain. * transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses. * vary in length from a few millimeters to a meter or more - micrometers to over a meter + Nerve, Nerve Structure: Anatomy of the nervous system * Nervous system contains neurons and cells called glia. Glia cells keep the neurons safe and healthy. Neurons take messages to and from the CNS to the rest. The dendrite and axon are fibers that go out from the cell body. Axons take information 'away from' the cell body. Dendrites take information to the cell body. * The 'axon' is the part of a neuron that sends the signal. Axons are long, thin and tendril-like.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber \| axon: Demyelinated axon * are alive, but can no longer conduct impulses. * can exhibit remarkable abilities to function despite losing their myelin. Myelinated axon * are known as nerve fibers - visible beneath the translucent perineurium * can transmit nerve impulses up to ten times faster than unmyelinated axons. * conduct signals faster than do unmyelinated axons. Basalt fiber * mineral fiber with properties similar to asbestos. + Asbestos, Substitutes * Basalt fiber is a mineral fiber with properties similar to asbestos. It is suitable for high-heat applications. Bast * are natural fiber. * is natural fibre Bran * are especially rich in dietary fiber , protein, vitamins and minerals. * contains phytic acid which chelates calcium further reducing the level of dietary calcium - several nutrients of major importance, two of which are fiber and essential oils * is fiber - roughage * tends to link with iron and carry it out in the stool.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber \| bran: Rice bran * contains various health beneficial fractions. * has a high oil content and many natural vitamins and minerals - naturally sweet flavor and can be used in many more ways than oat bran * is an excellent source of fat - fiber, either alone or as a part of the whole grain - cancer fighting, cholesterol lowering, and contributes to healthy hair and nails - the source of a newly discovered complex of vitamin E and tocotrienols - used as an additive in several different food products * source of added fat too.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber \| bran: Wheat bran * Some wheat bran is added to the fruit as a substitute for hard parts of insects in the natural diet. * good source of phosphorus and functions as a laxative. * has a higher concentration of fiber than most other brans. * is also high in phytates. * is an example of insoluble fiber - low in nutritional value but high in fiber - sold separately and is used to add flavor and fiber to baked goods * is the only fiber-rich food that appears to reduce calcium absorption - thin, fiber-rich outer layer of the wheat kernel - very bulky and high in protein, high in phosphorus, and also low in calcium * reduces the risk of hemorrhoids because it is rich in insoluble fiber. * ties up estrogen in the intestinal tract, causing much to be excreted. * valuable source of many B-vitamins including folic acid.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber: Bristle * Some bristles are part of hairbrushs - paintbrushs - toothbrushes - pick up vibrations from the ground or air, or the spider's leg * are black or white on gray skin - epidermal appendages resembling stiff, more or less rigid hairs - modified feathers - part of brushs - vital because they directly contact the teeth * become soft when wet. * give a velvety appearance and repel wetting. * is fiber * occur most commonly around the base of the bill, around the eyes, and as eyelashes. * reach and remove the tiniest, most elusive dust particles. * serve as the principal proprioceptors and touch receptors. * vary in color from clear to pale yellow through purple and black.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Carbon fiber * absorbs most of the shocks that aluminum passes on. * are a very strong material that is used in a wide variety of applications - as electrically conductive as copper - strong as they are long chain molecules - thermally and electrically conductive * can achieve the same strength as steel and is half to a third of the weight. * does have a very distinct look and feel to it. * has a reputation as being strong, yet very light - some unique properties which lend it to applications such as a mast * have application in sporting goods, automotive, and aerospace fields - internal bonding very much like that of diamond * high modulus synthetic fiber made from carbon atoms. * is also a labor-intensive material that results in a rather pricey knife - extremely durable material used in racecars, helmets and aircraft - like shrapnel - stiff and brittle - stronger than steel and lighter than aluminum - superior to E glass in fatigue and static strength as well as stiffness - the very best electrical conductor * is used to stiffen the hull and deck in way of the keel, mast and chainplates - the same end but is lighter, stiffer, and more expensive * lightweight very strong material. * takes some getting used to. Cellulose fiber * are long, linear polymers of hundreds of glucose molecules. * are the natural fibers most commonly used in biomaterials - raw material for paper * contains adhesive characteristics and is often made to be water-soluble. * improve strength and dimensional stability and reduce light transmission. * is made from recycled newsprint. * provide structural support to plants. Ceramic fiber * Some ceramic fiber has conductivity - glass transition temperature * Some ceramic fiber has lower conductivity - thermal conductivity * possible carcinogen. Chitosan fiber * differs from other fibers in that it possesses a positive charge - it possesses a positive ionic charge - fibres in that it possesses a positive ionic charge * is unlike other fibers in that it carries a positive ionic charge. Coconut fiber * contains organic compounds which other hydroponic media lack. * holds more oxygen than rockwool and is pH neutral. * is excellent to use as a moisture cushion when mounting against cork - fungus-free because it contains tannin, a natural fungicide - totally organic and retains more oxygen than rockwool Coir * comes from the outer husk of the coconut. * is fiber<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber: Collagen fiber * are hollow tubes consisting of globular subunits - inelastic and have very high tensile strength * connect fibrous joints. * extend from portal tract and surround periportal hepatocytes. * form an elastin network that makes up connective tissues. * have important functions in the mitotic spindle. * provide elasticity and flexibility. * relax, causing sagging and elongation of the earlobes - telltale creases and elongated earlobes * run vertical in bone as does axial loading.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Cotton * absorbs moisture and can lead to more dryness of the hair. * absorbs moisture, allowing evaporation and ventilation - is cold when wet, and takes a long time to dry - the moisture and becomes damp and very sticky and abrasive against the skin * becomes damp from rain, dripping, or perspiration and becomes cold and clammy. * belongs to the most storied generation of naval commanders in British history. * breathes more and prevents perspiration and therefore irritation of the skin. * can better compete with pests if it is healthy and actively growing - recover much better from hail damage than soybeans, and especially corn - retain some stains better than other fabrics - survive without a tap root * conducts cold and once wet, dries very slowly. * continues to be picked by hand in developing countries - grow albeit slowly * first produces a small square, which produces a white bloom. * generates more dollars per gallon of water than any other field crop. * gets cold when wet from drool or urine, while polyester stays warmer. * has gossypol , a toxin that makes it inedible - wonderful moisture absorbing properties * holds moisture next to the skin where it promotes softened skin, hot spots and blisters. * is Arizona's principal crop. * is Egypt's major agricultural export - most important crop financially - Mississippi's third largest agricultural commodity - Tajikistan's chief agricultural product - Uganda's second major export crop after coffee - absorbent and can wick moisture onto clothes when saturated - cellulose, and cotton is actually stronger wet than dry - cohesive and naturally non-bearding - cool fabric that breathes well * is grown and manufactured in Spain - protected with the aid of harmful pesticides - used to weave cloth - as a cash crop - for export - in some of the most arid regions in the world * is grown in the Middle East - summer, cane is always there since it takes two years to mature - where water is available - hydrophilic and clings to water like limpets on rock * is important crop in north and south of the state - in eastern New Mexico, western Oklahoma and northern Texas - important, both for the domestic textile industry and for export - known as a highly pestprone crop all over the world - most susceptible to injury by thrips from emergence through the three to four leaf stage - much more sensitive to thrips injury than crops such as corn or soybeans - smaller and is also off-color from excessive rainfall - subject to attack by a complex of arthropod pests from the time of planting until harvest - worse than wearing nothing when it gets wet * kills when wet in winter. * plants Cotton is in the mallow family and produces delicate , lovely flowers. * produces chemicals that fight fungus and bacteria. * reduces the potential for static electricity. * replaces tobacco as major staple crop in the south. * retains moisture, and wet or even damp clothes mean cold bodies. * thrives with a long growing season, in a soil with a sandy-spongy quality. ### substance \| fiber \| cotton: Bt cotton * is now one of the most widely used transgenic crops. * produces a toxin which helps protect the plant against the bollworm-budworm complex. Egyptian cotton * is woven very fine and is windproof. * unique, long staple cotton grown exclusively in the Nile River Valley.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber \| cotton: Organic cotton * Most organic cotton is grown in Texas and California, and some in North Carolina. * has no chemical residue to harm baby. * is cotton grown without the use of synthetic fertilisers, perstcides or defoliants. * is grown and processed with out chemical fertilizers and pesticides - with out pesticides and chemical fertilizers and is allergy free - without pesticides * is grown without the toxic chemicals that can harm the environment or people - use of harmful pesticides and chemicals - poised to revolutionize the way clothing is made and worn Crude fiber * is only the indigestible cellulose and lignin portions of grains, fruits and vegetables. * is the maximum amount of raw fiber in the food - residue remaining after successive boiling in dilute acid and alkali * measure of the indigestible or non useful portion of a feed. * measures the cellulose and part of the lignin. * represents insoluble carbohydrate. Dark fiber * is the actual cable without the electronic equipment needed to transmit communications - unused fiber through which no light or signals are passing * refers to fiber optic cable that has no light passing through it.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Dendrite * Some dendrites also have even smaller spines which serve as extremely sensitive receptors. * Some dendrites are part of brains - cortexes - neocortexs - neurons * are also the target of numerous inhibitory synapses - branches in axons - cellular projections whose primary function is to receive synaptic signals - devoid of voltage dependent channels necessary to produce an action potential - extended, contracted and moved between different pairs of keratinocytes continuously - extensions from the cell * are extensions of neurons that receive signals from other neurons - the nerve cell membrane that receive the input from other nerve cells - hair-like extensions of the soma which act like input channels - like the trees of the mind, growing like poplars in the sun - more spiny on mature hippocampal neurons when synapses are inactivated - nerve fiber - part of nerve cells - really 'cell phones' which enable neurons to talk to each other - relatively short in length in comparison with a neuron's axon - short, thick processes which branch out of the soma in a tree like manor - shorter attachments that receive nerve impulses - some tens of microns in length * are the dark short branching fine lines seen near the top and along the main crack - necessary and sufficient structures for human learning - part of the neuron that receives incoming signals via a set of branched fibers - primary receiving sites for incoming irritation in most neurons - receptive portions which recieves the impulses - treelike structures that crystals form as they grow - usually more numerous, shorter and more branched than axons * arise from the neuronal cell body. * bring information to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body - and axons take information away from thecell body * carry impulses from the environment or other neurons to the cell body - the signals out to the various synapses, and the cycle repeats * conduct electrical signals received from other neurons to the parent neuron's cell body - impulses to cell body * consist of a chain of segments without bifurcation. * enable connections with other neurons at points called synapses. * extend from the cell body after the completion of migration - and send nerve impulses to other neurons * extending from the cell body of the neuron give the appearance of arborization. * form a network between the neurons - leakage paths that quickly drain a battery after a recharge * grow as a result of stimulation from and interaction with the environment. * have many branches, like a tree - terminal bulbs, arboral pattern * includes cell membranes - chromosomes - corpi - cytoskeletons - lobes - nuclei - plasma membranes - sections - vacuoles * is fiber - fibre * look like the branches of a tree and receive messages for the cell. * receive impulses that are conducted to the cell body. * receive information from another cell and transmit the message to the cell body - other neurons or from sense organs - nerve impulses from other neurons or from sensory receptors - neuronal impulses and transmit to the cell body * serve as input devices to the neuron. * take information to the cell body. * then connect and communicate with other neurons. * transmit dendron. * usually branch close to the cell body. + Nerve, Nerve Structure: Anatomy of the nervous system * Nervous system contains neurons and cells called glia. Glia cells keep the neurons safe and healthy. Neurons take messages to and from the CNS to the rest. The dendrite and axon are fibers that go out from the cell body. Axons take information 'away from' the cell body. Dendrites take information to the cell body.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Dietary fiber * Most dietary fiber absorbs water - comes from fruits, vegetables, and grains - consists of cellulose * Most dietary fiber has effects - net effects - roles - helps constipation * Most dietary fiber increases excretion - fecal n excretion - offers protection * Some dietary fiber affects accumulation - finds in asparagus * Some dietary fiber helps conditions - food - indigestible food - irritates bowels - fibers act as food for the bacteria * absorbs water in the intestines to provide bulk and soften the stools * acts as if it had zero calories and is found only in plant sources. * appears to protect the body against some forms of cancer, particularly colorectal. * are even longer chains of complex carbohydrates - found in fruits, vegetables and whole grains - structural components of plants * can act in several ways to lower cancer risk, including helping with weight control - also helpful in reducing the amount of harmful fats in the blood - vary greatly in other ways * carbohydrate found in leaves, skins, roots, and seeds - that is incompletely absorbed in humans and in some animals * comes from plant sources, such as fruits and vegetables. * comes in two forms, soluble and insoluble - varieties, water soluble and water insoluble * comes only from plant products - two types-soluble and insoluble * contains soluble and insoluble compounds - substrates * has distinct physicochemical properties - important benefits in nutrition and health - many parts that plants have , and is eaten in plant foods - numerous health benefits * helps a lot, especially soluble fiber - balance blood sugar and promotes the effectiveness of insulin - bind indigestible food together and normalize bowel movements - in promoting the feeling of satiety and is beneficial for obese people - prevent constipation, a frequent problem for American children - to absorb water or remove waste from the body * improves all aspects of colon function. * includes both cereal and vegetable fiber - polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, lignin, and associated plant substances - substances like cellulose , wax and lignin , among others * increases fecal n excretion * is an important part of our diet - classified as insoluble or soluble and both types have notable effects in the body - derived only from plants * is found in an assortment of plant foods * is found in vegetables, fruits, beans, peas and grains - legumes, fruit and whole-grain cereals, nuts and seeds - whole grains, several types of vegetables, and certain fruits * is found only in foods that come from plants - plant foods and occurs in differing amounts and combinations - plant-based foods - plants foods - fruits, nuts, grains, and vegetables * is important in the prevention of colon cancer - to good health - indigestible by humans - key for promoting regularity in children - known to decrease intestinal transit time - made up of complex carbohydrates that humans lack the enzymes to digest - optimal and can be found in fruits, vegetables, and grain - plant material that is resistant to animal digestive enzymes * is the name given collectively to undigestible carbohydrates present in food - non-digestible or partially digestible materials found in plant cells - part of a plant that is resistant to the body's digestive enzymes * lowers blood cholesterol, which reduces the risk of heart disease. * makes stools soft and prevents constipation. * more accurate measure of the amount of undigestible fiber in foods. * needs to be added slowly to avoid problems with intestinal gas. * plays an important role in weight management. * promotes weight loss by helping to block the body's digestion of fat and proteins. * provides a feeling of fullness and adds bulk in the diet. * provides bulk in the diet, which encourages regular elimination of wastes - to the diet, which stimulates regular elimination from the bowel * refers to the combined fiber in food. * safe, natural laxative that can be taken long-term without danger. * type of complex carbohydrate that is almost totally indigestible. + Tofu, Nutrition: Foods * Tofu is rich in textured vegetable protein. Calorie is relatively low. Dietary fiber is a little for process. More and more American and European use it as health food. * Dietary fiber helps to absorb water or remove waste from the body. Dietary fiber has many parts that plants have, and is eaten in plant foods.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Efferent fiber * conduct impulses away from the spinal cord to the body. * is fiber - fibre Fibril * aggregate to form collagen fibres. * assemble laterally to create collagen fibers. * extend to the nuclear membrane, but there are no peripheral granules inside the membrane.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber: Filament * Click on filaments to see there structure. * Most filament has functions - sensory functions * Some filament contains chemicals - toxic chemicals - venom - creates light - increases genetic diversity * Some filament is produced by germinate spores - moss spores * Some filament produces brilliant light - white light * Some filament protects organs - sex organs - filaments are photosynthetic, others are rhizoids used for anchoring * adnate to the corolla. * are almost as brittle as a burned match stick - common sources of eruptions - dark string-like features that snake across regions of the solar disk - features associated with magnetic flux inversion boundaries * are long fiber strands measured in miles - so the large anthers hang outside the flowers making pollen easy to release - optically thick to wavelengths longward of a few mm - well developed, branched, long, and fragmenting into spores * can be several centimeters in length. * connate at base, free from tepals. * correspond well to the radio shell. * enter the pulp canal of each root and supply the pulp inside the tooth. * filiform, free from each other and from tepals - free, adnate at base to perianth tube * forms myceliums. * have to be dried out to be preserved for use. * is made out of tungsten - up mostly of tungsten , a type of metal - part of light bulbs - stalks - structures - the slender part of a stamen that supports the anther - wire * long thread like structure topped by a single enlarged, cylindrical or ovoid anther. * occur when trichomes are surrounded by a sheath. * protrude along the perimeter of the body, the longest protruding from the rear. * sometimes connate at base. * take weave because they close intention. + Lightbulb, Types, Incandescent: Light sources :: Machines :: Home appliances * The incandescent light bulb turns electricity into light by sending the electric current through a thin wire called a filament. Filament is made up mostly of tungsten, a type of metal. The resistance of the filament heats the bulb up. Eventually the filament gets so hot that it glows, producing light.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber \| filament: Actin filament * are also part of muscle tissue and participate in muscle contraction. * are anchored into the Z-line - z-line of a sarcomere - extremely dynamic and can rapidly form and disassemble - made up of identical actin proteins arranged in a long spiral chain * are shown in red , microtubules in green , and the nuclei are in blue - red, and microtubules composed of beta tubulin are in green - the major component of thin filaments of muscle tissue - then able to grow by the reversible addition of monomers to both ends - very dynamic biopolymers - weaker than intermediate filaments * attach to the periphery of the E-cadherin plaques. * grow at their free barbed ends and push the plasma membrane outward. * mediate DNA fiber formation in chronic inflammatory airway disease. * move vesicles in the zone directly under the neuron's plasmalemma. * play starring roles in organelle movement. + Cytoskeleton: Cell biology * The eukaryote cytoskeleton. Actin filaments are shown in red, microtubules in green, and the nuclei are in blue. Barb * Most barbs have coloration - greenish coloration * Some barbs are part of feathers - plumages - contain venom * are part of arrowheads - barbed wire - hooks - spears - vanes - points - side branches of their own called barbules * tend to spawn in the morning.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber \| filament \| barb: Tiger barb * Most tiger barbs have coloration * are extremely popular among tropical freshwater aquarium enthusiasts. * do best in soft, slightly acidic water. * feature various colored stripes on their bodies. - greenish coloration Wind barb * are a useful indicator for locating low pressure centers on surface weather maps - in knots - useful for locating low pressure centers on surface weather maps * show wind direction and speed. Boron filament * are used in the aerospace industry because of their high-strength and lightweight. * have high strength, yet are lightweight.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber \| filament: Chromatid * All chromatids line up at the equator. * are eukaryotic chromosomes - flexible - part of chromosomes - present only in mitosis - pulled apart - seperated from each other - the copies of a duplicated chromosome * become chromosomes when the centromeres split at the metaphase-anaphase transition - two separate sets of DNA during the third step of mitosis * can exchange base pairs by crossing-over. * cluster at the poles and fibers disappear. * line up at the equator of the cell with sister chromatids at right angles to the spindle. * move apart during anaphase by the spindle fibers. * separate prior to being moved by the spindle apparatus to different regions of the cell.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber \| filament \| chromatid: Sister chromatid * are derived from the same chromosome - duplicated copies of the chromosome - from the same chromosome, and they are connected together at the centromere - joined at the centromere when a chromosome duplicates during interphase * are the two identical halves of a replicated chromosome - a single replicated eukaryotic chromosome * line up along the equator of the cell. * relate to each other by mirror symmetry. * remain attached at the centromere and move as a single unit toward the pole - joined at their centromeres * separate, and the now-daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell - becoming individual chromosomes that migrate toward spindle poles Gill filament * are the feather-like projections of the gills across which diffusion of gases occurs. * occur on branchial arch three. Hypha * are transparent thin walled tubes. * begin to sprout from the cell wall, which begin to get food.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber \| filament \| hypha: Conidiophore * are absent - also septate and brown in color, occasionally producing a zigzag appearence - colorless and highly branched - erect and branch repeatedly at their apices * are erect, branched, hyaline or pigmented - hyaline to pigmented, simple, or branched - hypha-like, short or long, hyaline, simple or branched - hyphae-like and simple or branched - short or long, hypha-like - simple or branched, brown, septate, sympodial and geniculate in appearance - tall, dark, and upright with branching near the apex - the structures that produce the fungal spores * arise at right angles to the vegetative hyphae. Fungal hypha * All fungal hyphae have cell walls composed primarily of chitin, a complex polysaccharide. * Most fungal hyphae are divided into cells by cross walls called septa. * e are highly branched and extends thru a relatively large volume of soil - often syncytia * e have advantages over bacteria in some soil environments - intrinsic ability to execute carefully controlled dissolution of own wall + Syncytium, Examples: Cell biology Rhizomorph * Some rhizomorphs are simply parallel, linear collections of hyphae. * are rootlike or cordlike masses of hyphae that can contaminate soil and plant parts. * have a white core and black outer layer. * look like thick strings and form when the very fine mycelium fuses together. * perform functions similar to plant roots.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber \| filament: Myofibril * Some myofibril is part of bicepses - quads - tricepses * are composed of individual contractile proteins called myofillaments - cylindrical structures within muscle fibers - embedded in the sarcoplasm and are the particular mechanism of contractility - enveloped by a modified endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions - visible in the myocardium of the left ventricle * consist of myosin filaments and actin filaments. * contain two types of filaments. * extract energy provided by the mitochondria. * includes cytoskeletons - sarcomeres * vary in size, depending upon the number of myofilaments they contain.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber \| filament: Rhizoid * Most rhizoids absorb nutrients. * Some rhizoids absorb nourishment - perform functions * also absorb water but totally lack vascular tissues - influence water and mineral uptake * anchor the gametophyte to the substrate. * anchor the prothallus and absorb water and nutrients - to the soil * are also present - important in penetrating a substance, giving anchorage and absorbing nutrients - like root hairs and they are specialized for the absorption of water - photosynthetic organs of bryophytes - present in some of unicellular forms * are produced below the thickened area of the thallus - in marginal groups - single-celled structures which function to anchor the plant - unicellular and unbranched and are of two types - smooth and tuberculate - usually present * can be important taxonomic characters. * form at the base of the gametophore. * function as roots. * further agree with root- hairs in exhibiting very pronounced apical growth. * help in fixation. * usually arise from the cortical cells of the stem, but can occasionally grow out of leaves. ### substance \| fiber \| filament \| rhizoid: Rootlike rhizoid * absorb materials and anchor the plants. * anchor the plants and absorb materials from the substratum. Thick filament * Some thick filament is produced by germinate spores - moss spores * are composed mostly of myosin protein and reside near the center of the sarcomere. * consist almost entirely of myosin. Thin filament * consist of two strands of actin and one strand of regulatory protein coiled together. * contain the proteins troponin, tropomyosin, actin and titin. * enter the dense bodies suggesting a role similar to Z-lines in striated muscle. * occupy the central portion of a band of the sarcomere b. Flax fiber * are among the oldest and strongest known to man - made into linen textiles which are soft, lustrous and very water-absorbent - stronger when they are wet * have similar characteristics. * is used to make linen and the seed is pressed for oil. Glass fiber * Some glass fiber has conductivity. * Some glass fiber has high conductivity - thermal conductivity<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber: Hemp fiber * are longer, stronger, more absorbent and more mildew-resistant than cotton fibers. * can actually make a stronger and lighter composite plastic than fiberglass. * come from the inner bark of the stalks. * is about three times stronger than cotton and more abrasion resistant - durable and strong - employed in making everything from canvas and rope to clothing and textiles - longer, stronger, more absorbent and more insulative than cotton fiber - more expensive than linen - natures longest, strongest, and most durable fiber * is one of the strongest and most durable of all natural textile fibers - natural fibers on earth * is used for textiles, rope, and paper - in the mud walls * makes clothing that breathes and accepts dye better than other natural fibers. * needs little more than nitrogen to grow. * remain unchanged at extreme cold and warm temperatures.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Insoluble fiber * Most insoluble fiber absorbs water - consists of cellulose * Some insoluble fibers bind certain minerals, including calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, and iron. * absorbs water and adds bulk to stool, expediting the passage of food and waste - promote gastrointestinal motility - water, which increases the speed at which waste passes through the body * acts like a broom to sweep the intestines clean and assist with bowel regularity. * adds bulk to bowel movements - stools * appears to speed up the passage of food through the stomach and intestine. * are high in vegetables, wheat and cereals - responsible for increased stool bulk and help to regulate bowel movements * bulking agent and is good at promoting regularity. * comes from the indigestible cellulose cell walls of fruits and vegetables. - fruit skins, which can help with digestive disorders * draws fluid to the bowel therefore softening the stools. * help improve regularity - with stool bulk and regulation of bowel movements * helps constipation - hold water in the colon and can reduce or prevent constipation * helps maintain regularity, prevent diverticulosis and hemorrhoids - move waste through the intestines and colon - prevent and control intestinal problems - promote regularity and sweeps waste out of the colon * includes cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin - wheat bran, whole cereal grains and vegetables * is also considerable in beans - associated with the large intestine - believed to have a role in the prevention of colon cancer - broken down slowly, if at all, by intestinal bacteria and promotes laxation - called roughage * is found in foods such as wheat bran, other whole grains and vegetables - wheat bran, vegetables and whole grains - wheat bran, vegetables, and whole grains * is found in wheat, corn, potatoes and the skins of fruits and vegetables - potatoes and various fruits and vegetables - potatoes, and certain fruits and vegetables - wheat bran and the skins of vegetables and fruits * is found in whole grains and vegetables and helps maintain regularity - grains, seed hulls, fruits, and legumes - whole-grain products and vegetables - wholegrain products and also in vegetables * is found mostly in wheat and rye brans and in vegetables - whole grains and fresh fruits and vegetables - highest in whole grain breads and cereals, vegetables and seeds - in fruits, vegetables, whole grain breads and cereals - key in the treatment of constipation and other intestinal disorders - mainly in whole grains - most prevalent in whole grains, vegetables * is the bran in grains, the pulp of fruit, and the skin of vegetables - ingrains, the pulp of fruit, and the skin of vegetables - champion of the gastrointestinal tract - roughage part that doesn t dissolve in water - type known for keeping food moving through the digestive tract - useful as a bulk laxative and in the prevention of constipation - whole grain, brown rice, certain veggies * passes almost unchanged through the intestines and adds bulk to the stool - intact throughout the intestinal tract * provide bulk to the diet and help food and water move through the digestive tract. * reduces the risk of colon cancer and high blood pressure. * remains unchanged during the digestive process. * seem to have their greatest impact on the health of the colon or large intestine. * softens stools. * speed up intestinal transit and increase stool weight. * stimulates peristalsis. * works like a scrub brush to clean the inside of the colon. Jute * contributes to income and food security in other ways. * is plant fibre Jute fiber * are weaker and less durable than flax or hemp, and relatively easily rotted by water. * is produced from the earth, and cultivated froma substainable resource in Bangladesh.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Long fiber * are desirable because they produce greater yarn strength, aid in spinning finer yarns. * make strong paper, while short fibers create smooth texture. Loofah * Most loofahs come from plants. * Some loofahs come from fruit. * are abrasive, often used to exfoliate body skin. * is fiber - harvested for food in many parts of Asia Metallic fiber * Some metallic fiber has applications. * can come in many forms including braids, ribbons, and chains. Middle fiber * are developed by pulling shoulder blades together. + Trapezius muscle, Exercising: Fitness :: Muscular system * The upper portion of the trapezius can be developed by elevating the shoulders. Middle fibers are developed by pulling shoulder blades together. The lower part can be developed by drawing the shoulder blades downward while keeping the arms almost straight and stiff. Natural fibre * are good to wear and comfortable. - white, black, brown or gray but can be died a variety of shades * tend to be a part of more elegant furniture. ### substance \| fiber \| natural fibre: Bast fiber * are also generally stiffer and stronger than cotton fibers. * come from the phloem tissues of dicotyledonous plants. * is natural fibre Plant fiber * Some plant fiber finds in wood. * are composed of cellulose - long chain of glucose molecules, animal fibers are protein. Plant fibre * are strong because of the arrangement of cellulose in the cell wall - the basis of fabric such as cotton + Fibre * A 'fibre' or 'fiber'Fibre' is the preferred spelling in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries. Plant fibres are the basis of fabric such as cotton. Silk and wool fibres come from animals. In the 20th century many artificial fibres were invented like nylon and polyester. ### substance \| fiber \| natural fibre \| plant fibre: Cotton wool * Most cotton wool soaks in oil. * is plant fibre * soaks in baby oil<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber \| natural fibre \| plant fibre: Sisal * are agaves - herbaceous plants * comes from a tree that originated in Mexico. * fiber used in rope. * fibre derived from the Mexican agave plant. * functional language aimed at parallel numerical and scientific programming. * grows in semi-arid regions. * is employed thousands of ways in modern industry - hemp that is dried and spun - important in Brazil, East Africa, Madagascar, and other arid areas - one of the primary foreign exchange earners - plant fibre - produced in Tanzania, Brazil, Angola, Madagascar, and Haiti - stronger and more durable than other natural fibers * natural fiber derived from the 'agave sisalana' cactus plant - fibrous plant * rugged natural material. * thick, woven material made from henequen, a plant native to Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber: Nerve fiber * Most nerve fiber has fatty sheaths * Some nerve fiber carries secretion - stimulate secretion * Some nerve fiber is part of arms - elbows - faces - laps - legs - nerves - thighs * are generally aggregates of several or many neurons. * attached to the hair cells communicate with the brain. * carry information from the brain to the body and back to the brain - the signals to the brain, which interprets the nerve signals as sound * conduct impulses faster when warmed and slower when cooled. * connect the brain directly to both the fallopian tubes and the uterus - thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow * exit the spinal cord and connect to each organ throughout the body. * have a high metabolic demand and little reserve of energy stores. * help communicate impulses to and from the brain. - part of nerves * possess the property of conducting impulses outward and inward. Optic fiber * follow aberrant pathways from rotated eyes in Xenopus. * relatively new and rapidly advancing technology.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Optical fiber * are also a huge part of making the Internet available around the world - extremely thin strands of glass, which are made up of many layers - hair-thin strands of glass that can guide light - just reflective tubes - lighter and thinner than copper wire - quite difficult to tap - simply strands of glass - thin strands of glass used for transmitting light signals used in communications - used to transmit communication signals * are, therefore, suitable for use in the noisiest and most sensitive environments. * bring light into cells on the gripping surface. * can carry data much faster and more efficiently than electrical wires - handle tens of thousands of conversations simultaneously * carry far more information than the old bundles of copper. * consists of a thins strands of glass. * enable networks of larger capacity and higher speed. * extract the light and transmit it to electronics that convert it to electric signals. * facilitates high speed, high quality, and high volume transmission of data. * find new applications in data processing. * guide the emitted light to a photodiode operated in current mode. * has a number of advantages over the copper wire used to make connections electrically - vital size advantage over insulated electrical conductors - several advantages over copper media * is also desirable because of it's electromagnetic immunity - digital - far more scalable than copper - high-capacity but low in cost and energy use - lightweight, flexible, and has become easy to handle and install * is made from a silica fiber stretched thinner than human hair - of flexible glass and can support very high data transfer rates - more fragile than wire, difficult to split, and very labor-intensive to install - the alternative to copperwire used to carry signals for voice and data - very fast * substitutes for copper in some telecommunications applications. * supports greater distances than copper. * transmit reflected light from the sensor to the detector. * utilize light as a signal source, instead of electrical signals. * wraps around the earth connecting people, business and governments. Plastic fiber * Most plastic fiber contains chemicals. * is much less vulnerable than glass or silica fiber. Preganglionic fiber * can pass through the ganglionic trunk or connective. * enter the inferior hypogastric plexus by way of the pelvic splanchnic nerves. Raffia * have fiber. * is plant fibre Reticular fiber * are abundant below the basal lamina - also abundant in the smooth muscle of arteries, bone marrow, spleen, and liver - thinner and made mostly of type III collagen - very thin and highly branched * form thick, ropelike structures. Sensory fiber * innervate the bladder to detect fullness, which are part of the micturition reflex. * is fiber - fibre Silk fiber * are smooth and triangular when viewed in cross-section - used to make fabric and yarn * are very strong - Silk' natural fiber made by the silk worm larvae. Silk is often used to make cloth. The cloth can be made into clothes, rugs, bedding, or can be used to write or paint on. Silk fibers are very strong. In the past, silk was used to make parachutes	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Soluble fiber * Most soluble fiber comes from multiple sources - has health benefits * Most soluble fiber helps blood cholesterol levels - sugar levels - control blood sugar levels - healthy cholesterol levels - lower blood cholesterol levels * Some soluble fiber helps blood cholesterol - stable blood sugar - provides energy * absorbs water in the small intestine, increasing stool size - like a sponge, making stools soft and bulky * acts as a natural thickening agent in food - like a gel and insoluble fiber ads bulk to or softens stool * appear to reduce blood cholesterol in two ways. * appears to lower cholesterol levels. * are generally more fermentable than insoluble fibers - substances that dissolve and thicken in water to form gels * attracts water and turns to gel during digestion. * bit more difficult to get in quantity from foods. * can also help to reduce blood cholesterol and blood sugars. * can help reduce blood cholesterol and glucose levels * comes from fruits and insoluble fiber comes from whole grains - gums, such as guar gum from seeds, and pectin, found in citrus peels * consists of fruits, nuts, brown rice, and oat bran. * decreases cholesterol in the serum by trapping the cholesterol-bile acid in the gut - the reabsorption of bile acids from the lower small intestine * dissolve in water and consist of pectins, gums, and some hemicelluloses. * does dissolve in water, forming a sticky gel. * form a gel in water and consist of pectins, beta-glucans and gums. * forms a bulky gel in the colon which regulates the flow of waste materials - gel with water, creating a laxative effect * has benefits - important benefits - some additional benefits to heart health - both diarrhea and constipation - hold stools together * helps lower blood cholesterol levels - plasma cholesterol levels and helps regulate sugar metabolism - reduce blood cholesterol and helps control blood sugar levels * helps to lower blood cholesterol levels by binding fiber in the digestive tract - high cholesterol levels - serum cholesterol, reducing the risk of heart disease - maintain healthy cholesterol levels and moderates blood sugar swings - reduce cholesterol * is also a food source for beneficial bacteria - present in certain beans, legumes, fruits and vegetables - believed to aid the performance of several bodily functions - composed of pectin, gums and mucilages - contained in oats, dried beans, and some fruits - digested by bacteria normally present in the gastrointestinal tract - fermented rapidly but yields a weaker acid called acetic acid, as a by-product - found also in fruits, oats and barley * is found in beans, fruit, and oat products - oats, barley, some fruits and vegetables - foods like fruits and beans * is found in fruits, some beans, oats, barley, and psyllium - vegetables, seeds, brown rice, barley, and oats - higher amounts in oats, apples, beans, strawberries, and barley - legumes, fruits and root vegetables, as well as oats, barley and flax - many beans, such as garbanzos, and in certain fruits, such as apples - oat bran, oatmeal, rice bran, and barley * is found in oats, peas, beans, and certain fruits * is found in the flesh of fruit and is also a component of oats and dried beans - soft pulp of fruits such as berries, peaches, plums, oranges, etc * is found mainly in dried beans, oat bran, fruits, and vegetables - high in oats, beans, peas, barley, fruits and vegetables - key because it soaks up cholesterol, allowing the body to get rid of it - more important than insoluble in treating constipation - particularly good for cholesterol reduction - present in whole grain breads and oat cereal * is the type found in certain grains, beans, and in many fruits - thought to lower blood cholesterol levels * is, of course, also available in grains, fruits, and beans. * prolong intestinal transit time, allowing greater water absorption. * pulls cholesterol from the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. * reduces cholesterol. * remains longer in the intestines and thus absorbs more cholesterol. * slows down the digestion of starch - stomach emptying time * staves off hunger by slowing the absorption of glucose. * stays in the intestines longer and absorbs more cholesterol.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Spindle * Some spindles have poles. * are chaotic and the DNA is scattered throughout the meiotic cell - part of drives - pieces - sticks * can run on either air or mechanical bearings. * drives use current mode or invertors. * form in preparation for cell division. * formed in extracts containing CSF are stable for hours. * grow sinuous bulbs in the middle.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber: Spindle fiber * Some spindle fibers attach to the other spindle fibers from the opposite pole. * are composed of microtubules - like fishing poles, catching and reeling in chromosomes - protein structures that form early in mitosis, or cell division * attach on each side chromosome pair. * attach to the centromere region of each homologous chromosome pair - chromosomes and pull sister chromatids apart * continue to shorten, pulling chromatids to opposite poles. * develop and attach to centromeres. * form a bridge between the ends of the cell - and the chromosomes begin to align * help separate the chromosomes. * run from the centromeres to the poles. ### substance \| fiber \| spindle: Mitotic spindle * are visible in living cells with the polarizing light microscope. * begins to form outside the intact nuclear envelope. * consist of highly dynamic microtubules. Muscle spindle * are complex sensory receptors found in muscle in parallel to regular muscle fibers - important proprioceptors - sensitive to changes in blood levels of calcium * contain specialized stretch receptors.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fiber: Straw * Some straw absorbs water. * better covering for winter protection of tender perennials. * by-product of oats and wheat. * byproduct of agriculture that is burned by the millions of tons annually. * can prevent needed sunlight from reaching new seedlings, therefore inhibiting growth. * comes from rice, oats, wheat, etc. * decomposes more quickly than shavings, which is good for the soil. * has better nutritive values - low embodied energy compared to other insulating materials * has lower feed values * is also more sustainable in that it can be grown in one season - naturally fire resistant because of the high silica content - an anisentropic material * is an annually renewable agricultural byproduct of growing cereal grains - crop, available wherever grain crops are grown - natural material, the by-product of harvested grains - another alternative to wood - better than hay because it can absorb more moisture and is less prone to mold or rot - even higher in fibre but has very little food value - less digestible than seeds or grass, both of which produce classic tall fescue toxicity - made of grass, and some people use it to keep their home warmer * is plant fibre - renewed annually and is the natural waste of grain harvest - solid objects * is the dead stalks of plants after the valuable parts of the plants have been harvested - dried stems of grains such as wheat, rye, oats, and barley - most common mulch material used across the country - preferred bedding for farrowing sows and nursing piglets - stalk of the plant after the grain or seeds have been harvested - stem of cereal grains after the seed heads have been removed - stems of wheat or oat plants and is usually a bright golden-yellow in color * is the traditional bedding for livestock - insulation material on farms - tough, thick, lightweight, and yellow or golden - tubes - typically a by-product of the grain industry - used mainly for animal bedding * makes valuable fodder for both working and milking animals. * nonhomogeneous material. * serves purposes. * settles, decomposes and enhances nutrient value. * soft, dry insulative bedding which provides cushioning and warmth. + Jack Straw, Personal life: 1946 births :: Living people :: Anglicans :: British Christians :: Labour MPs (UK) :: Lord Chancellors :: Members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies :: Politicians from Essex * Straw has tinnitus. ### substance \| fiber \| straw: Rice straw * contains extremely small amounts of pesticide residue. * has a high silica content and decomposes slowly even in moist soils. * is fibrous, tough to cut, and contains large amounts of silicon - retained for feeding draught animals in most rice-producing countries in the tropics * is used as roofing and packing material, feed, fertilizer, and fuel - to make ethanol in California<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fiber: Synthetic fiber * Many synthetic fibers are resistant to mildew. * Some synthetic fibers can melt at temperatures common in prescribed burning, causing severe burns. * are dangerous to birds if ingested - generally semicrystalline polymers that are spun into filaments - highly flammable - more durable than most natural fibers - the norm now, ones that dry quickly, breath, but also retain heat - usually stronger than either natural or regenerated fibers * has good resistance to passage of electrical current. * is fiber * resins, plastics, elastomers. * resist rot and decay far more readily than natural cotton or linen. * start as chemical mixtures and are pulled into long fibers through a sieve. White fiber * are big, powerful, fast, with few mitochondria, capillaries, and no myoglobin - more generously innervated than red fibers * predominate in the digits and extraocular muscles of the eyes.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Fibre * Many fibres have a diameter that is fairly close to the average. * Most fibre finds in fruit - has surfaces * Some fibre is made of silica. * Some fibres begin to unite with the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal - occur in nature, and others are manufactured - pass to the cornea and to the ciliary muscle * also interconnect the two rings. * are also plastics with long unbranched chains - drawn together and twisted to get thread - indigestible parts of plants, which aid in elimination - slender cells, many times longer than they are wide * change in appearance as they are drawn. * has characteristics - similar structures * have great tensile strength and yet are also elastic. * is cells. * stem usually from meristematic tissues. * tend to have a lower minimum diameter in autumn leading to lower strength. * used in telecommunications usually have a cladding of glass of a lower refractive index. ### substance \| fibre: Asbestos fibre * are strong, durable and non-combustible. * can cause respiratory problems. * cause lung cancer and cancer of the pleural cavity. * kill people very slowly. Bast fibre * Most bast fibres have no cell contents. * are seen in longitudinal view in powdered drugs.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| fibre: Carbon fibre * are much stronger than glass fibres, but are also more expensive to produce - simply much stiffer and lighter than either fibreglass or bamboo * has exceptional specific strength and stiffness properties desirable in yacht masts. * is light and strong - pitch black - used in many areas on race bikes, purely for it's strength and light weight * threads dissipate electro-static charges. * very strong and light material that contains carbon fibres. + Formula One car, Materials, Carbon fibre * Carbon fibre is a very strong and light material that contains carbon fibres. It may sometimes contain other fibres such as Kevlar, aluminium and glass. Although it has a very big price tag, its strength to weight ratio and the good rigidity of it make it a very valuable piece of material. However as is it gets cheaper it is being used in much smaller products like sports equipment, bodies for instruments and also household objects. Dietary fibre * are structural components of plants. * can be nutritious, delicious and helps prevent constipation. * differ greatly in their physicochemistry and also in their biological effects. Nerve fibre * Some nerve fibre is part of arms - elbows - laps - legs - nerves - thighs * lead to the brain from ampullae, saccule and utricle. Polyester fibre * are exceptionally soft and maintain good colour clarity - very well suited to blends with natural fibres * can replace either soft hair or hog. * have good moisture transport and dry quickly. Slow fibre * are responsible for dull, aching pain. * operate aerobically and are useful in endurance events like the marathon. Soluble fibre * absorbs water and is found in pulses, oats, nuts, seeds, fruit and vegetables. * can also help with constipation. * helps reduce cholesterol levels by eliminating bile - to reduce blood cholesterol levels * is fermented in the colon by intestinal microflora. * tends to lower the glycaemic index more effectively than insoluble fibre. * type of fibre found in foods such as oats, fruits, vegetables and beans. Fibrous material * Some fibrous materials have refraction. * is used liberally in dry feeds today. * used in the dust filter mask physically traps particles. Filling * are a man-made material designed to fill in or restore the damaged areas of decayed teeth - like little batteries, and they generate electrical current * can decay and darken, too, as they weaken over time. * emit mercury vapour when people chew. * is dental appliances - flowing - hires - located in mouths ### substance \| filling: Inlay * are decoration - filling * is filling	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| filling: Mercury filling * are illegal in three European countries. * can induce serious side-effects in individuals overly sensitive to mercury. * require the removal of the middle third of the tooth. Fissile material * are, in general, necessary for building nuclear explosives. * can sustain nuclear chain reactions. Flammable material * Most flammable materials contain substances. * become readily combustible in molten state<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Fleece * comes in a variety of thicknesses - many shapes and sizes, and for every climate and activity * contains inner coat of fine fiber and a protective outer coat. * does have a light plush face and inner ears. * has the same insulation as wool at half the weight. * highly breathable and lightweight fabric. * is also a popular warmth layer as well as down jackets. * is often acrylic fleece rather than genuine wool from sheep - synonymous with polyester but in fact refers to the treatment of the fabric - perfect for curling up under on cold winter days - petroleum based polyester - relatively light and dries fast * is superior to wool clothing as it is lighter and dries faster * is the most well-known fabric for trapping heat - wool of a lamb - warm, soft to the touch and has great insulative properties * light woven fabric that provides vital protection from cold. ### substance \| fluff: Fluffy bedding * is dangerous for hamsters. + Hamster * Fluffy bedding is dangerous for hamsters. Plain toilet paper is also a cheap, safe option, so is straw. Hamsters eat mostly hamster food sold at a pet shop, but they also eat almost any vegetables and fruits in very tiny portions. Hamsters store food in the sides of their mouths. They need a water bottle with fresh water to drink from, and something to chew on to trim their teeth. Hamster teeth grow constantly. Fluorescent material * Most fluorescent materials contain substances - toxic substances * are most effective to daylight conditions. * show up in daylight and at dusk. Foreign material * Some foreign materials create immune imbalances - system imbalances * inoculated into the cornea can present as infiltrates. Foreign substance * Any foreign substance entering the water can hurt marine life. * enter shells. * tend to be immunogenic.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Fur * Most fur acts as insulation. * Most fur comes from animals - farm animals - consists of layers * Most fur has different length - structures - protects skin * Most fur provides protection - ranges in color - serves as insulation - furs handle snow and a light rain with ease * Some fur comes from animals caught in horrific traps - covers ears * Some fur has different texture - fringes - salt * Some fur provides nutrients - thermal insulation * adorn the collars, wrists or just the inner lining of coats or jackets. * are likely to range from furry and hairy effects to smoothly glowing surfaces. * come in all colors and descriptions. * contributes to huge success * has crucial roles - functions - important roles - quality - superior quality - unusual structures * is animal skin - warmth ### substance \| fur: Beaver fur * consists of short fine hairs for warmth and longer hairs for waterproofing. * has long shiny guard hairs that repel water. * is fur - soft and shiny, and it wears well * varies from shiny dark brown to yellowish brown. Dense fur * Most dense fur provides protection. * Some dense fur has spots. * Some dense fur provides insulation - thermal insulation * indicates the depth of cold at the altitudes they inhabit. * traps a layer of air next to the skin, providing excellent insulation. Dorsal fur * Some dorsal fur provides effective insulation * is long and soft, which contrasts to the short and coarser fur of the venter. Fake fur * is far kinder to the environment than real fur. * make terrific animals.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| fur: Gray fur * Some gray fur has spots. * forms a cape over the sides of the head and shoulders. Lambskin * are a by-product of our agricultural economy. * is fur Polar bear fur * consists of layers. * serves as insulation. Short fur * covers most of their bodies except for their fins. * is easy to keep in top shape. Thick fur * Most thick fur acts as insulation - protects skin * hides their ears. * protects most pets that run through poison oak patches from developing symptoms * provides insulation and black skin absorbs heat. Wet fur * can often expose more fleas. * provides an environment for more eggs to hatch. Wolverine fur * is used for trimming parka hoods because frost slips off hairs easily. * sheds moisture. Gabbro * contain calcium plagioclase. * is an igneous rock	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Gall * Many galls provide the food and brooding structure for various species of harmless insects. * More galls occur on oak than on any other host plant. * Most galls are difficult to control since insect life cycles vary so much - on the leaves but some are on flowers, petioles, green stems, and even roots - occur on early spring foliage that develops near the trunk and on larger branches - taste similar to the host plant * Some gall protects larvae. * Some galls are dark red or purple and contain anthocyanins while others are green - contain a very high content of bitter tannins, and are probably unpalatable to predators - form where insects or mites feed or lay eggs * act as both the habitat, and food sources for the maker of the gall. * affecting twigs such as the gouty oak gall and horned oak gall can be more serious. * also form at trunk or limb wounds - on pegs and pods of peanut - provide some protection from natural enemies and insecticide sprays * always arise near leaf edges, and the tops of galls are often toward leaf edges - surround the gall-inducing organism offering protection and a food source * appear on all underground parts except the roots. * are a common sight on many plants, including weeds, shrubs and trees - abnormal plant growth or swellings comprised of plant tissue - about the size of large hickory nut, cone-shaped and found one to a twig at the very tip - also largely imported from Persia and to a lesser extent from Greece - bladderlike, red, and found on the top side of leaves - caused mostly by gall mites - deformities found on the leaves, stems and flowers of trees, shrubs and other plants - excrescences produced in plants by the presence of the larvae of different insects * are growths on leaves, stems and twigs of many different plants - plants that are induced by parasitic organisms - irregular growths or swellings - normally dark brown to black and have a roughened appearance - produced by insects of various orders, but the greater number by species of Cynips - quite common on plants like hackberry and oaks - rich in proteins and carbohydrates - soft and spongy - unusual growths that form on the upper or lower surface of leaves - visible to the unaided eye, particularly after mid-season * can be small, or they can develop into swellings an inch or more in diameter - spherical or contorted into a variety of shapes - the result of attack by certain insects, bacteria, fungi, or nematodes - up to several inches in diameter - form on roots or stems - grow on the stem, root or crown of the plant - hang on the tree for a few years after wasps leave, harboring a host of other insects * causes an overgrowth of cell walls. * come in a variety of sizes, shapes and colors - wide variety of shapes and colors and are caused by a wide variety of insects * commonly develop where plants have been suckered or injured during cultivation or pruning. * consists of a mass of brown, moss-like filaments covering a hard kernel. * dry up and fall resulting in reduced foliage and an unsightly canopy. * form as the pathogen invades host tissue and induces hypertrophy and hyperplasia - favorable places for fungi to attack - in response to a chemical that the insect injects into the plant tissue * form on roots and stems, especially at the root collar, or root crown - stems and portions of the stem distal to the gall eventually die * form on the leaves and later on the stems - roots, and the crown and leaves become thickened and distorted - the following spring * forming herbivores induce sinks and act as phloem parasites within their host plants. * frequently appear on oaks. * have no marked odour, but an intensely astringent taste, and slightly sweet after-taste. * is hatred - office holders - sore * occasionally occur on branches or on roots. * occur in many different shapes. * occur on almost any plant tissues - leaves, tendrils, and blossom buds and can occasionally cause considerable injury * often are unusual in form, conspicuous, and frequently cause considerable concern. * points out that seafood has many nutritional advantages over other protein sources. * produced by aphid-like immature stages appear as folded leaves on new, terminal growth. * protect the adelgid from most insecticide sprays. * provide protection and nourishment for the insect larvae as they develop. * reduce tree vigor by retarding the flow of water and nutrients in the vascular tissue. * result from an intricate interaction between two living organisms. * slowly enlarge each year. * start forming. * suppress new growth and reduce seed production. * tend to be more abundant on the lower branches. * turn brown by late summer and in the fall become dry and corky. * typically develop in spring at about the time that leaves are expanding. * usually appear near the soil line or graft union - form on a small proportion of the leaves and tree health is unaffected * vary greatly in shape but are more or less tuber-like - in appearance depending on the plant infected and the nematode species	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| gall: Aerial gall * are common on such highly susceptible plants as poplar, rose, willow, and euonymus. * can develop but most are found at or just below the soil line.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| gall: Crown gall * are tumorous growths due to increased stimulation of cell division and enlargement. * attacks the vines near soil level. * bacterialdisease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. * causes formation of roundish galls with irregular rough surfaces. * develop in the spring on the underground parts, the roots and crown, of the plants. * differ from natural burls. * difficult disease to control once a plant is infected. * disease caused by a bacterial patho-gen, Agrobacterium tumefaciens - of apples and other members of the rose family * is actually a tumor, bacterial in nature. * is caused by Agrobacterium and related bacteria - a bacterium that survives in the soil - the soil-inhabiting bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens - characterized by galls or overgrowths that usually form at the base of the trunk - controlled through preventive cultural and sanitation practices * is most damaging to young trees, either in the nursery or in new plantings - either in the nursery or new orchard plantings - recognized by the presence of rough galls or over growth on the roots, crown or canes * occurs as tumorous rough surface growths on roots and crowns of trees. * plant disease * refers to the formation of tumors on roots and crown of many dicots. * tumorous growth of tissue up to several inches or more in diameter. Large gall * can develop rapidly and completely girdle a young vine in one season. * minimize larval parasitism which is high in Europe. Old gall * are a dark brown and usually have an exit hole. * are reddish-brown and have open cavities - several small, open cavities * have a ridged and furrowed surface, are hard, and grayish in color. Gaseous substance * All gaseous substances are said to have gaseous state. * are in a league all to themselves. Gem material * exhibit characteristic refractive indexes which vary from species to species. * vary in the quality of the light they can refract. Genetic material * Some genetic material is saved as seed or as tissue culture plants. * are an increasing force in today's international livestock commerce. * can link a defendant to a crime. * influences the ability to adapt. * inserted into plants can transfer to animals and humans in the intestinal wall. * is contained on chromosomes - introduced into the host cells chromosomes - randomly mixed during fertilisation<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Gibberellin * also stimulate alpha amylase synthesis is the aleurone layer in cereal grains. * are a second class of hormones that stimulate plant growth - diterpenoids derived from four isoprenoid units forming a system of four rings - growth-promoting hormones - hormones that are found throughout the plant - most important in stems, fruits and seeds - natural plant hormones * are plant hormone that is in charge of stem elongation - hormones which affect stem height and, in many species, promote germination - the leaves and roots that form in the baby plant seed - used in agriculture for various purposes - well known to promote uniform growth through cell enlargement * cause enzymatic activity. * generally have no influence on plants of normal size. * growth regulator * have many different effects on plants - several effects in green plants, such as cell and stem elongation * promote stem elongation between nodes on the stem. * regulate growth, flowering and germination. * stimulate cell division and elongation but act more slowly than auxins - growth in plants Gneiss * Some gneisses are used as facing stone on buildings - have pressure * are heterogeneous - banded - very coarse grained metamorphic rocks that form during high grade metamorphism * resemble schists in that both are banded and show foliation.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Granite * Most granite consists of quartz - contains quartz - granites are impervious to scratches, staining and heat blistering or cracking * Some granite contains potassium - granites are relatively nonmagnetic too and also produce smooth magnetic contours * are plutonic rocks that have cooled at great depths below the surface - usually low in iron-magnesium minerals and contain abundant quartz and feldspar * characteristically forms irregular masses and makes up a large part of every continent. * coarse grained crystalline igneous rock composed primarily of quartz and feldspar. * common example of igneous rock - igneous rock found in New England - intrusive igneous rock - rock in continents * composite of three minerals, feldspar, quartz and mica. * conducts sound ten times faster than air. * contains lots of silica , so the lava becomes very viscous - mineral crystals called zircons , which often contain radioactive elements - visible crystals, whereas rhyolite is fine-grained * disintegrates and crumbles into particles of mica, quartz and feldspar. * exfoliate and erode in layers much like an onion. * familiar igneous rock and one source of sediment. * form at great depth in the Earth's crust. * forms as a volcanic material deep under the earth and cools very slowly. * generic term for intrusive acid igneous rocks rich in quartz and feldspar. * harder and more resistant building material than calcite. * has degrees. * have an undeserved reputation for being a major source of radon in our region. * is an example of a rock with a high proportion of radioactivity. * is an example of an igneous rock - intrusive rock * is an igneous rock formed from molten material generated at great depth below the surface - found along the entire length of the eastern part of the state * is an igneous rock that cools below the earth's surface - deep inside a volcano rather that erupting out - is composed of four minerals * is an igneous rock, formed by volcanic action - from slow cooling of volcanic magma - like lava because it was formed by crystallization of magma - important building stone - intrusive, igneous rock - batholiths - called an igneous rock because it forms from molten rock - dense , and can be cut , carved and shaped - flamed by applying blowtorch-strength heat to the surface of the stone - formed in a slow cooling process * is found all over the world and can be found in many colors - in many countries of the world * is hard and dense - but porous - igneous rock, formed by the melting and cooling of a variety of minerals - light in color and is known to erode in blocks * is made of little pieces of quartz, mica, and other particles - magma that cooled while still deep underground * is made up of quartz and mica - primarily of quartz, mica and feldspar - nature's ideal material for countertops - nearly impervious to weathering from temperature changes and from airborne chemicals - now the most widely used stone for buildings, monuments, and bridges - of world-wide distribution and has many varieties, differing in texture and coarseness * is one of South Africa's most useful and beautiful natural resources - the most common types of igneous rocks and is created from magma - pushed up from below the earth's crust and common igneous rock * is quarried for the building industry - use as building stone and monuments - in many places in the world including the United States - rock formed by fire - second only to diamonds in hardness - stones * is the bedrock undergirding all continents - best-known igneous rock - foundational rock for the continents, and is found throughout the world - largest minority-controlled owner of major market television stations in the country * is the most abundant and dense material in the world - beautiful, strong, resistant rock ever crystallized * is the most common coarse-grained igneous rock - form of an igneous stone - igneous rock in the Earth's crust - rock that makes up the majority of the continental crust - traditional rock in New Hampshire * is the ultimate in beauty, ease of maintenance and durability - silicate rock * is used for long lasting monuments and for trim and decoration on buildings - making gravestones, statues and countertops too * is very hard and extremely durable - inert and hence desirable as construction material for exposed surfaces - stone and difficult to carve - solid and hard because it tends to have no cracks or seams - strong and durable stone * light-colored igneous rock with grains large enough to be visible with the unaided eye. * more expensive material than timber or cement, but it is easy to work with. * natural for interior landscaping - stone surface * occur on more than half of the shrublands. * occurs in two separate masses. * resists weathering more than layered and bedded sedimentary rocks do. * rock composed of grains of several minerals including feldspar and quartz - made of the minerals mica, feldspar, quartz, and hornblende * tend to be solidified stocks from which volcanos originated. * type of rock that forms intrusively and slowly. * typical igneous rock found in continental crust - intrusive rock, being coarse grained * usually have a medium to coarse grained texture. * very hard, semi-porous stone - strong and durable rock * weathers one inch in ten thousand years. + Granite, Uses: Igneous rocks * Granite is dense, and can be cut, carved and shaped. It is resistant to water and pollution, and has a range of different colours. * Kitchen benches are often made of polished granite. Granite is found in many countries of the world.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Granular material * are different from both fluids and solids - ubiquitous in nature, industrial processing and everyday life * is filled into the space between cyinders and air-fluidized from below. * remain and react close to the area where placed. Gravel * are too pervious and are very difficult to shape. * is located in roofs - streets - rocks * range down to the size of peas. ### substance \| gravel: Small gravel * does a good job of anchoring plants and gives roots something to hold onto. * migrate easily, working their way down into the soil. Green material * are things like grass clippings, kitchen wastes and fresh plant cuttings. * contain large amounts of nitrogen. * provide nitrogen.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Ground substance * Some ground substances are part of alsatians - ankles - backbones - beagles - bulldogs - cartilages - chests - chicks - cochleas - craniums - cygnets - diaphragms - doggies - ducklings - endoskeletons - esophagi - fangs - fawns - fingers - fishbones - foxhounds - incisors - jaws - knees - larynxes - legs - ligaments - mandibles - marrow - meniscuses - molars - necks - noses - notochords - partridges - penises - poodles - proboscises - puppies - shinbones - skin - skulls - snouts - spines - sterna - teeth - tendons - thighs - thumbs - toes - toms - tusks - vertebrae - wrists * has the consistency of a semi-fluid gel. * is lost during tissue preparation and is represented by empty space. * plays an important role in loose connective tissue. Growth regulator * Most growth regulators increase resistance. * Some growth regulators have survival - prevent maturation * affect post-transplant growth of bedding plants. * are how one part of a tree communicates with other parts. * can increase tuber initiation. * facilitate harvesting of oranges. * herbicides control broadleaf weeds and can injure sugar-beet. * mimic naturally occurring plant hormones and cause uncontrolled growth.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| growth regulator: Cytokinin * also have many identified structures, perhaps the most common one in plants is zeatin - maintain cell growth, differentiation, and division * are chemical compounds that stimulate cell growth. * are hormones in plants that are found both naturally and synthetically - that promote cell division - involved in repair, too - like the fountain of youth in plants - primarily available as seaweed extracts - responsible for circadian rhythms - strong promoters of bud growth and leaf growth stimulation - used in tissue culture media, and for growth control in fruit * can also cause a delay in leaf senescence - slow down the aging of some plant organs * cause nutrient diversion - pith cells to form buds * enhance the cycle cycle especially in endosperm tissue. * exert their influence by activating genes and promoting protein synthesis. * growth regulator * increase shoot proliferation but decrease rooting and increase vitrification. * induces expression of several early response genes. * is plant hormones. * plays an important role in the growth of plants by regulating cell division. * present in the seaweed toughen the plant cell walls. * promote cell division, promote leaf expansion, and retard leaf aging. * stimulate mitosis in actively developing plant parts - the expansion of cotyledons. * are hormones in plants that are found both naturally and synthetically. They are used to make the process of cell mitosis quicken, and thus to make the plant grow faster Kinin * also appear in the secretions. * can also affect nerve endings and create pain. * increase vascular permeability and contribute to circulatory failure, due to hypotension. * promote cell division and tissue growth in leaf, stem, and root.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Hard material * are important in industry. * reflect and soft materials absorb. + Hardness: Materials science :: Physics * Hardness' is a measure of how hard a material is. Some examples of hard materials are diamond, carbides, quartz, alumina, and tempered steel. Harder materials are more difficult to cut and shape than softer ones. They are also usually more brittle. Hard materials are important in industry. Harmful substance * Most harmful substances come in contact. * Some harmful substances accumulate in intestines - produce chemicals<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Hazardous material * Most hazardous materials affect particular organs of the body. * Some hazardous materials are more difficult to avoid, such as vapors from gasoline - safety hazards and can cause fires or explosions - have multiple risks and require more than one hazard label * are a common and important part of our everyday life - chemicals that are harmful to humans and to the environment - commonplace in workplaces - items closely monitored by state officials - materials that pose a risk to people or to the environment - present in every community in the country * can be biological, chemical, or nuclear in nature - in the soil, the air, the water or can be part of the building itself - solids, liquids or gases and transported in a variety of containers * require careful handling, storage, and disposal. Hazardous substance * Some hazardous substances dissolve very slowly in water - used in spray painting are also a fire or explosion risk * are common in our daily lives - essential parts of our daily lives * play important roles in our everyday quality of life. * take their toll on the lives and health of individuals innocent to their risks. Homogeneous substance * Some homogeneous substances have chemical compositions * Some homogeneous substances have definite chemical compositions * is without character and it is inert. Hot material * rise from the mantle. * rises, while cold gases sink. Humate * All humates are different, just like soils are different. * are materials * are the salt form of humic acids - salts of humic acids, collectively, or the salts of humic acid specifically * have a wide range of applications in addition to their use as soil amendments. * play a direct role in determining the production potential of a soil. ### substance \| humate: Peat * Some peats have millions of spores and pollen per gram. * increase the water storage capacity of sandy soils and the permeability of heavy clay soils. ### substance \| humate \| peat: Sphagnum peat * is also a good source of organic matter - deficient in macronutrients as well as micronutrients - harvested from bogs in Canada and the northern United States - superior to Colorado mountain peat * little inhibitory due to acidity. Humectant * Are substances that promote water retention due to their hygroscopicity. * are a major element in all toothpastes - compounds that attract and hold moisture into the hair - substances that attract water and include glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, and gelatin * attract water into the skin, and are useful on unbroken skin but can cause stinging. * draw moisture into the skin. * retain natural internal moisture by drawing it from the air. * stop the toothpaste from solidifying. ### substance \| humectant: Natural humectant * help retain precious moisture vital to basic skin care. * helps retain moisture in hair. * replace lost moisture leaving the hair with high lustre and manageability.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| humectant: Propylene glycol * is antifreeze - approved in nearly all states - chemical compounds - employed as a hygroscopic agent for tobacco - metabolized to lactic and pyruvic acids through aldehyde intermediates - practically odorless and tasteless - still poisonous, but far less so than conventional antifreeze * is used extensively for commercial and industrial purposes - in food additives - to extract flavor from natural flavoring materials Husk * Some husks cover ears. * are sheaths. * help retain freshness and sweetness. * start out green, sticky, and fuzzy and become dark brown with age.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| husk: Bract * are highly modified leaves that surround the main structure of the flower - husks - leaves associated with flowers - membranous, ovate, acuminate, and mauve in color - part of inflorescences - small, bearing some reduced tentacles - susceptible to sunburn if exposed to high light intensities at finish - usually a blood-red, crimson, yellow, pink, or color - woody parts, resembling scales, under flowers similar to the scales of a pine cone * emerge about two weeks before flowers and give leafy spurge the appearance of flowering. * exude milky-sap that is irritating and toxic. * look much like scales, but bracts occur wherever a flower's pedicel attaches to the peduncle. * occur where the leaf petioles attach to the stem. * subtending the female flowers contain a greater density of glands than the leaves. * vary enormously in size, shape and function. Pea pod * are legumes - part of peas - pods * lose their crispness if overcooked. Psyllium husk * are pure dietary fiber, composed mostly of hemicellulose. * is non-allergenic and the ultimate quality soluble fiber. * source of dietary fiber. Hyaline * cartilage overlying lamellar bone. * contains very little elastin compared to elastic cartilage. Hydrocolloid * Many hydrocolloids are derived from natural sources. * Some hydrocolloids have a claim for moderately exuding wounds. * also have the advantage of being strong and flexible. * are substances - useful in the prevention of pressure areas * serve a variety of functions. Hydrophilic substance * Most hydrophilic substances mix with water. * dissolve readily and easily in water. * have an affinity for water. * have an easier time passing through membranes than do hydrophobic substances - membranes than hydrophobic substances do<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Inhibitor * Some inhibitors make the plant leaves fall off in the Autumn. * are hazardous during pregnancy - hormones that inhibit plant growth - of two different types * are substances capable of inhibiting or suppressing chemical reactions - which diminish the activity of an enzyme - suspected when an increase in the frequency of bleeding occurs - the body s way of fighting off what it sees as a foreign agent * can bind the the enzyme and slow it down or stop it completely. * cause the allosteric enzyme to adopt the inactive shape. * delay the transformation from ammonium to nitrate. * frequently act on the recipient host rather than on the virus itself. * interfere with enzyme function. * restrain growth and maintain the period of dormancy in seeds and buds. * slow the rate of reaction, sometimes even stopping the reaction completely. * stop all radical polymerization until consumed. * usually increase concentrations of other drugs. + Catalysis * There are many catalysts in our body which play an important part in many biochemical reactions. These are called enzymes. Most catalysts work by lowering the 'activation energy' of a reaction. This allows less energy to be used, thus speeding up the reaction. The opposite of a catalyst is an 'inhibitor'. Inhibitors slow down reactions. Some of them are found in snake venom and are dangerous for our nervous system or heart.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| inhibitor: Ace inhibitor * ACE inhibitors appear to decrease the amount of damage to the heart muscle following a heart attack. * ACE inhibitors are a class of drugs used in controlling high blood pressure - drugs used to control blood pressure and prevent heart failure - pharmaceutical used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure - captopril, enalapril, lisinopril and benazepril - critical in the treatment of heart failure when systolic dysfunction is present - generally less effective in blacks than in non-blacks - potentially dangerous in patients with renal or carotid artery stenosis - quite safe - the first choice in treating systolic ventricular dysfunction - vascular protective in diabetics * ACE inhibitors can cause a chronic dry cough - dry cough, rash, etc - kidney problem in the baby - occasionally cause the body to retain too much potassium - sometimes cause a reversible decrease in kidney function - continue to be studied in a variety of areas * ACE inhibitors decrease peripheral arterial resistance and increase cardiac output - the blood pressure - differ from drugs such as Norvasc , which calcium channel blocker - have two peculiar side effects * ACE inhibitors help patients with congestive heart failure feel better and live longer - prevent renal damage - increase heart attack survival rates - lower the pressure in the glomeruli by relaxing the vessel that drains the filter * ACE inhibitors prevent certain enzymes in the body from constricting blood vessels - ventricular remodeling solely by decreasing left ventricular afterload * ACE inhibitors reduce afterload and directly dilate coronary arteries - blood pressure by reducing water and sodium retention - seem to decrease the number of progressive heart failure deaths - tend to reduce the amount of protein lost and protect the kidneys * are antihypertensive.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| inhibitor: Antioxidant * All antioxidants act as electron donors - are anti-aging agents * Many antioxidants come from the diet - target specific areas of the body * Some antioxidants are specialized enzymes such as glutathione. * absorb free radicals in the body - the energy of activated fat molecules and retard oxidation at the outset * act like vacuum cleaners within the body, removing reactive oxygen species. * allow for a balanced amount of burning to take place inside the cells - normal and healthy amount of energy production * also contribute to a healthy heart, bones, joints and immune system. * also help keep arteries open and free of plaque buildup, experts say - lower blood cholesterol - offer some anti-aging benefits - play a role in optimal heart health - prevent the destruction of several nutrients - protect the eyes, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system * appear to inhibit some of the pathology of chronic inflammation - protect against many forms of permanent damage inflicted by trauma * are SO important. * are a bit like kamikaze pilots, sacrificing themselves to knock out free radicals - class of nutrients which help the body to repair free radical damage - way to reduce and potentially neutralize the rampage of free-radical damage * are able to neutralize free radicals in the body - stop free radical chain reactions - agents that combat the oxidation caused by free radicals - also important in other ways * are an example - important part of many of our products - believed to help the coronary arteries dilate and increase blood flow to the heart - capable of stabilizing, or deactivating, free radicals before they attack cells * are chemicals produced by the body or found in fruits, vegetables and grains - that prevent damage to cells in the body - compounds that protect the body from the formation of oxygen free-radicals - compounds, such as vitamins A, C, and E, which are found in foods - critical in lowering the incidence of cardiovascular disease and many cancers - effective free radical fighters in the body - enemies of and neutralize the effects of free radicals - especially good at keeping the body healthy and warding off cold sores - essential for maintaining prostate health - extremely important * are free radical scavengers, necessary for health maintenance and disease prevention - great news and they are great for health improvement and disease prevention - helpful by controlling free radicals which are associated with cartilage damage - highly specialized nutrients which when used properly neutral- ize free radicals * are important in neutralizing cell-damaging free radicals - molecules that act as free radical scavengers * are like bouncers - rust cleaners that keep rust off our brain matter * are molecules that can stop free radicals from reacting with other molecules - prevent free radicals from causing damage to the body * are more concentrated in the skin than in the pulp, so it s smart to eat the skin - than in the pulp, so it's smart to eat the skin - most concentrated in vegetables and fruits, and the more variety the better * are natural chemical substances that inhibit the formation of oxidants - compounds that are found throughout nature that neutralize free radicals - nutrients found in certain fruits and vegetables - substances produced by the body or supplied in the diet - nature's way of combating the damage oxidative stress causes to the body's cells * are necessary because they combat free radicals - for a strong immune system - nutrients that protect the immune system by preventing free radical damage - one of the hottest topics in the health field today - our best defense against the damage to our cells caused by free radicals - particularly important - potent scavengers of free radicals and serve as inhibitors of neoplastic processes - probably useful because the brain is so rich in fatty acids - really free radical scavengers and enzyme enhancers - strong weapons against free radical damage and degenerative disease - substances found in foods that can protect our cells from free radical damage * are substances that counteract the damaging effects of oxygen in tissues - fight off free-radicals in our bodies - inhibit oxidation and scavenge free radicals - prevent or delay the breakdown of other substances by oxygen - protect the body from the harmful effects of free-radicals * are the best oxygen-free radical reducing sources available naturally - internal bodyguards that protect our cells from free radicals - therefore crucial for effective functioning of the brain - vitamins, minerals, and herbals that tone, restore or enhance a weak immune system - well documented to play vital roles in health maintenance and disease prevention - what fight cancer causing free radicals * attach to the free radicals, creating compounds that can be flushed from the body. * attenuate chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. * block free radical damage that cause ageing and disease. * boost the body's immune system. * can help prevent the cellular damage caused by free radicals - to neutralize the activity of free radicals - prevent the buildup - promote the saving of energetic substances and coferments * can protect against free radical damage in the body - unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation * can reduce the energy and harmful effects of free radicals - of free radicals in several ways * capture free radicals before they have a chance to damage delicate tissues. * combat the oxidation and damage caused by free radicals. * come in many forms including vitamins, minerals, and herbs. * constantly battle to neutralize free radicals to less toxic or non-toxic compounds - interact to boost each other's powers * contribute an electron in defense. * convert toxic free radicals into harmless elements. * counter the damaging effects of free radicals. * counteract both endogenously generated and environmentally produced oxidants - free radical damage, and prevent cell destruction - effects free radicals have on the body, inside and out * deactivate free radical damage and protect our bodies from disease. * delay the onset of oxidative rancidity in fats. * destroy free radicals, which are molecules that cause adverse conditions in the body - damage cells within the human body * disarm free radicals in the body - toxic molecules that can lead to age-related illnesses * do nothing to help. * donate their own electrons to the free radicals and help prevent damage to cells. * enhance the body's ability to fight free radical damage. * enzymes as biomarkers of environmental stress in oysters in Port Curtis - help to remove dangerous free radicals from the body * exist as vitamins, minerals and other compounds in foods. * extend life in lung cancer. * fight free radicals, which are toxins to our bodies - free-radical formation which is the oxidation process that damages tissues * function as a damage control team, limiting the destruction wrought by free radicals. * have life prolonging qualities - the ability to render the free radicals harmless * help control free radicals - oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals - counteract the damage caused by free radicals - defend our bodies from heart disease, cancer, and perhaps even the ravages of age - destroy harmful DNA-destroying compounds that enter our skin - kids fight the damaging effects of free radicals in their young, growing bodies - maintain immune system health - neutralize free radicals, but proper handling of fats is also important * help prevent cancer and the blood vessel injury that can start atherosclerosis - damage to healthy cells - many kinds of disease in addition to cancer * help prevent or block free radicals from forming in the body - repair damage done to the body's cells by free radicals * help prevent the breakdown of fats and oils in feeds and animal tissues - development of certain diseases, especially cancers * help protect against cancer, artery and heart disease, arthritis, and cataracts - brain cells from free radicals, the toxic byproducts of oxidation - our cells from damaged caused by free radicals - provide protection against free radical damage * help reduce damage during a cell's digestion of nutrients - free-radical damage and fight inflammation - support the immune system and help fight the spread of cancer * help the body fight the effects of free radicals, which can damage the body's cells - scoop up free radicals before they cause harm * help to neutralize highly reactive substances called free radicals - prevent premature environmental damage - protect the eggs from free radical damage - quench free radicals and mitigate any potential cellular damage - reduce the formation of neurotoxins and free radicals * hold promise in cancer fight. * improve lung function. * inhibit the action of free radicals. * interfere with damage done to cells by free radicals. * is an inhibitor * keep the gasoline from becoming gummy. * mop up free radicals. * neutralize dangerous free radicals. * neutralize free radicals and, as a result, slow the aging process - which damage body cells - molecules in the body that are called free radicals - oxygen free radicals by giving up or sharing an electron * neutralize the action of free radicals unstable oxygen molecules which promote cancer - free radical damage in our bodies * offer meager protection against radioactive damage - their own electrons, neutralizing free radicals and protecting cells * play a vital role in preventing degeneration by scavenging free radicals. * play an important role in neutralizing cell-damaging free radicals - the metabolism of plants * present in grapefruit also helps to reduce cholesterol level in a person. * preserve lung function. * prevent and destroy compounds called free radicals - fat-like substances in the blood from clogging the arteries - oxidative damage by donating electrons to free radicals - oxygen radicals from causing damage in cells * prevent the LDLs from oxidizing - formation of free radicals that cause disease * probably do very little for advanced disease. * protect against harmful free radicals - cells against damage from free radicals * protect cells from damage caused by oxidation, much as paint protects a car from rust - the damage that normally happens when the body burns oxygen - healthy cells from the effects of cancer causing pollutants - key cell components from damage by neutralizing the free radicals * protect our cells from damage - unhealthy oxidation by free radicals - rat diaphragmatic muscle function under hypoxic conditions - the arteries of the heart from accumulating plaque * protect the body against continual 'free radical' bombardment - by helping fight cellular damage brought on by oxygen free radicals - cells, thereby giving a helping hand to our immune systems - joint from deterioration - lung against damage caused by chemicals known as oxidants * react with and neutralize oxygen free radicals generated during normal metabolism. * really prolongs the life of the cell. * reduce or prevent oxidation in certain cells, thus preventing cell or tissue damage. * reduce the damage of cancer-causing charged particles in the body - damaging effect of free radicals in the body that affect aging cells * remove impurities from the blood. * roam the body looking for cell-damaging free radicals to mop up. * seem to deactivate free radicals, and therefore protect cells from damage. * serve several functions in a diet. * show significant promise in the fight against aging and disease. * slam cell doors shut in the face of the harmful free radicals. * slow the aging process and protect cell membranes in order to prolong a cell's life. * stand guard to keep free radicals from damaging the DNA and causing cancerous changes. * work against substances in the bloodstream which are considered harmful to health - the process of oxidation - the robbing of electrons from substances * work by attacking free radicals - neutralizing oxidative agents that stress and injure parts of the body * work in a variety of ways to reduce the effects of free radicals - the body by neutralizing free radicals before the can do significant harm * work to inhibit free radical formation - prevent the damage done by free radicals - together and leverage each other	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| inhibitor \| antioxidant: Beta carotene * are carotenoids - chemical compounds * belongs to the family of fat-soluble vitamins called carotenoids. * carotenoid, a substance which occurs naturally in plants. * continues to be studied. * deactivates free radicals. * famous antioxidant, and it's also a good supplement to take. * filters UV rays, which promote cataracts. * helps maintain health by deactivating damaging free radicals. * is also a potent antioxidant. * is an antioxidant that is necessary for healthy cells and a healthy immune system - antioxidant, associated with a reduced risk of certain cancers * is converted in the body to vitamin A, essential for good immunity - to vitamin A in the body * is found in dark green, orange, red, and deep yellow fruits and vegetables - yellow, and orange vegetables and fruits - larger amounts in the ovaries than anywhere - most orange, red, green, and yellow vegetables and fruits - non toxic - one of the most well known antioxidants of the carotenoids - plentiful in the dark green and deep yellow vegetables - probably better to get from fruit and vegetables - produced by a range of Mucorales - relatively free of side effects, even at very high doses * is the dye that makes carrots orange - orange pigment in carrots - substance that makes carrots orange - yellow through orange colors * persists for months after ingestion. * proven immune booster, and is especially powerful in the elderly. * reduces long term health risks - risk of heart disease * special type of nutrient called a provitamin. Lipoic acid * can also potentially regenerate other antioxidants. * is antioxidant * prevents buthionine sulfoximine-induced cataract formation in newborn rats. * primes insulin. Natural antioxidant * enhance freshness and palatability. * protect the body against harmful free radicals and promote healthy cells. Tocopherol * also are important in fertility - keep dry extruded soybean meal from going rancid for a period of months * are added as antioxidants - important in extending the shelf life or keeping qualities of chocolate products ### substance \| inhibitor \| antioxidant \| tocopherol: Alpha tocopherol * is by far the main form in the body, as well as in supplements. * is by far the main type in the body, as well as in supplements - of E in the body - the natural form and most biologically effective * new range of antioxidant which is being used as antioxident. Mixed tocopherol * are antioxidants found in nature. * contain d-alpha, beta, delta and gamma tocopherols.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| inhibitor \| antioxidant: Vitamin c * Most vitamin C comes from a few major commercial sources worldwide. * Vitamin C Saves Lives - Take some vitamin C, preferably, in the natural form - Taking phenothiazine drugs can stop menstruation in some women - blocks the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines in the digestive tract - builds bones * Vitamin C can also enhance immunity and it increases the absorption of iron - have a modest protective effect * Vitamin C can also help by cleaning out residual toxins from the bladder, urinary tract, and liver - lower blood cholesterol - make cold symptoms seem less daunting * Vitamin C can be a potent antioxidant - hard on the stomach if taken in high doses - collaborate in neutralizing free radicals - elevate cholesterol levels in some patients - enhance immune response * Vitamin C can enhance the absorption of iron, so overload theoretical concern - amount of iron absorbed in a meatless meal * Vitamin C can help absorption of iron - blood vessels dilate - minerals crystallize in the urine - the body to absorb iron, so wash the tablets down with a glass of orange juice - increase absorption and is essential in the production of hemoglobin * Vitamin C can increase the absorption of dietary iron - amount of iron absorbed into the body - keep the spleen from enlarging, as well as the heart and liver - largely counteract the iron inhibitor effect of phytate * Vitamin C can potentially help to lower cholesterol - protect body from allergens - reduce inflammation * Vitamin C can prevent or counteract chemical poisonings and toxins from a number of sources - reduce free-radical damage by acting as an antioxidant in the lungs - triple the iron absorbed from other foods - decomposes over time and on exposure to sunlight and oxygen * Vitamin C helps fight off infection - form the collagen that gives structure to bones, cartilage, and muscles - keep gums and teeth healthy * Vitamin C helps prevent development of heart disease - disease and infection and promotes the body's absorption of iron - protect the body against lead - relieve stress, supports the immune system and has a diuretic effect - synthesize collagen fibers within the skin - maintains function of the immune system * Vitamin C prevents nitrates from forming cancerous compounds in the stomach - oxidation - speeds up cell renewal and collagen formation in the skin * Vitamin C works best for colds instead of the flu - in the water-soluble tissues - especially important in a guinea pigs diet - used for health	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| inhibitor \| antioxidant: Vitamin e * Vitamin E Helps maintain muscle - Protects the red corpuscles - Serves as an antioxidant and a natural preservative - Works to keep cells healthy and aids in reproduction - accelerates the healing of burns and damaged skin * Vitamin E acts as a mild anti-inflammatory and it also helps maintaining good footpads - useful chemopreventive agent to reduce spontaneous lung tumorigenesis in mice * Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and helps maintain healthy cells and a strong immune system - and reduces free radical formation - by delaying premature ageing - antioxidant, reducing the free radicals formed during exercise - antioxident - like antioxidant and thus reduces coronary risk - antagonizes vitamin K and causes hypersensitivity to coumarin anticoagulant drugs * Vitamin E appears to be more effective than vitamin E esters - very important in enabling the carotenes biological actions - cut heart disease risk - have beneficial effects on the liver - play some part in delaying neuronal dysfunction - assists the healing of areas already bitten - attenuates oxidative stress induced by intravenous iron in patients on hemodialysis - boosts griseofulvin - broad term that refers to a family of compounds * Vitamin E can alleviate the premenstrual symptoms of anxiety and depression - also chelate heavy metals like mercury * Vitamin E can also help maintaining skin and accessories - prevent intermittent claudication or lameness - relieve and shrink fibrocystic breast lumps - counteract excess free-oxygen radicals, which can also affect sperm quality - enhance sperm production in some men * Vitamin E can help block the formation of nitosamines from substances found in tobacco smoke - hot flashes, and it's natural aspirin-like effect can relieve leg cramps - minimize the appearance of wrinkling and dryness when used topically - reduce the risk of heart disease in people with diabetes - neutralize the free radicals and Vitamin C can also fight damage by combating toxins - potentially boost the immune system - prevent catecholamine toxicity and free radical formation * Vitamin E can reduce clot ting, but in large doses can lead to internal bleeding - clotting, but in large doses can lead to internal bleeding - hot flashes, balance mood swings and prevent vaginal dryness - oxidative damage to tissues caused by free radicals - strain during stress, and others, such as aminazine can block stress reactions * Vitamin E comes as softgels, tablets and capsules - in three forms - complex group of related compounds - component of wheat germ - component, at lower concentrations, of multivitamin preparations for intravenous use - consists of alpha, beta and gamma tocopherals plus tocotrienols - constituent of many skin ointments, salves and creams - contributes to normal blood flow and healthy serum cholesterol levels - controls the number one killer in the Western world, coronary heart disease - critical, fat-soluble antioxidant that helps protect against free radical damage - diminishes the vasomotor symptoms of menopause - does combine with oxygen which is beneficial to polyunsaturated fats and vitamin A - ensures cell protection and stability - facilitates the absorption and conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in the ferret - fat - soluble vitamin that exists in eight different forms * Vitamin E fat soluble antioxidant vitamin - molecule that acts as an antioxidant in our bodies * Vitamin E fat soluble vitamin which is made up of a group of compounds called tocoherols - means the body can store it * Vitamin E fat-soluble vitamin and is stored in the body - used as a natural antiallergic and antihistamine remedy - free radical scavenger * Vitamin E has a long history of use for intermittent claudication - marked effect on immune function and infection-susceptibility - regulatory effect on gene expression - wide range of positive effects in cancer particularly vitamin E succinate - anticoagulant and antioxidant properties - direct effects on the activity of both lymphocytes and neutrophils - excellent antioxidant properties - many roles in the body - mounting evidence of improving several quality of life issues for the elderly - no apparent toxicity, even in very large doses - potent antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties - properties beneficial to immune function * Vitamin E helps in unsaturated oil metabolism - maintain red blood cell membranes - preserve the fatty acids * Vitamin E helps prevent lipids in the cell membrane from breaking down - the process of oxidation that corrupts our body chemistry - varicose veins and blood clots * Vitamin E helps protect red blood cell membranes against oxygen damage - cells from damage - the newborn from oxidative stress * Vitamin E helps reduce inflammation and increases blood flow to injury sites - muscle soreness, prevent cellular damage, and repair muscle tissue * Vitamin E helps to normalize hormone production by rejuvenating the endocrine system - preserve and protect cell membranes - promote healthy cardiovascular function - protect vitamin A and red blood cells - relieve pain and reduces stomach acid - restore menstrual regularity * Vitamin E helps to stabilize cell membranes and prevent free radicals from causing cancers - membranes and prevent the breakdown of unsaturated fats in foods * Vitamin E improves cellular immune function, which potentially lowers the risk of infection - circulation and repairs tissue - oxygen utilization and enhances immune response - increases performance and stamina by improving oxygen utilization * Vitamin E inhibits experimental carcinogenesis and tumour angiogenesis - oxidation and adds to the shelf life of an oil * Vitamin E is able to inhibit inflammatory compounds, as does the mineral Selenium - absorbed from the intestines packaged in chylomicrons - abundant in whole wheat, rice germ, and vegetable oils * Vitamin E is actually a family of compounds including the tocopherols and the tocotrienols - group of related chemical compounds called tocopherols * Vitamin E is added to improve shelf life and to act as a free radical scavenger in the body - shelf-life and to act as a free radical scavenger in the body * Vitamin E is also a natural immune stimulant - powerful antioxidant * Vitamin E is also an anti-oxidant that retards the oxidation of other vitamins in our food - effective natural antioxidant - complementary to chemotherapy in that it boosts the effectiveness of the drugs * Vitamin E is also essential for proper muscle development - the stabilisation of lipids - extremely important in a healthy immune system - important for the retina and for the nerve tissues of the brain and spinal cord - present in liver, beans and peas, butter, eggs, and leafy green vegetables - useful in helping to maintain and repair the skin * Vitamin E is an anti-oxidant and is also thought to be helpful in preventing some kinds of cancer - protects cells from certain kinds of damage - anti-sterility vitamin that also promotes ease of birth in livestock - antinfections and helps the heart * Vitamin E is an antioxidant and protects lipid components of cell-membranes from oxidation - in cell membranes and organelles * Vitamin E is an antioxidant that can help fight cell damage that naturally results from exercise - helps to promote skin healing and cell regeneration - protects body tissue from the damage of oxidation - protects from age-related ailments, heart disease, and cancer - protects the body against cell-damaging free radicals - slows aging and aids in tissue repair * Vitamin E is an antioxidant, which can help the body reduce damage caused by free radicals - helps prevent damage to cell membranes - means it helps fight damage to body cells - especially powerful antioxidant, as are the catechins found in green tea * Vitamin E is an essential antioxidant in poultry - nutrient which is receiving considerable public attention - that most likely helps prevent heart disease - nutrient that functions as an antioxidant in the human body - supplement - vitamin and appears to be included in the group called antioxidants - immune-enhancing nutrient with strong antioxidant activity * Vitamin E is an important anti-oxidant - nutritional element of our diets - an, albeit weak, vasodilator * Vitamin E is another nutrient needed to grow hair - vitamin that is often mistreated - any of several fat soluble vitamins that are chemically tocopherols - available from a wide variety of sources, both natural and synthetic * Vitamin E is available in two forms, a synthetic and a natural product - forms, natural and synthetic * Vitamin E is believed to help maintain the integrity of health of connective tissue - prevent some diseases - improve stretch marks - comprised of a group of compounds called tocopherols - depleted by mineral oil, oral contraceptives and sulphates - effective in preventing the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids - especially important for the heart and immune response * Vitamin E is essential for fertility in rats, and apparently in male crickets - healthy reproductive organs - to life - extremely helpful for reducing the stickiness of platelets and improving blood flow * Vitamin E is fat soluble and therefore acts as an antioxidant in the lipid part of the cells - soluble, so take it with the daily meal having the most fat * Vitamin E is fat-soluble and an antioxidant, helping to prevent fats and oils from becoming rancid - is sensitive to oxygen, alkalis, and ultraviolet light - fat-soluble, so it has a free pass around the brain, which contains a lot of fats * Vitamin E is found in algae, spirulina, soy, wheat germ, etc - ample quantities in most natural feedstuffs to meet the horse's requirement - avocados, nuts and vegetable oils - every cell of the body becoming localized in the cell membrane - foods like nuts, wheat germ, whole grains and monounsaturated vegetable oils - green forages, vegetable oils and cereal grains - large quantities in whole grains seeds, nuts, and vegetable oils - nuts and seeds and dark green vegetables * Vitamin E is found in nuts, fats and oils, wheat germ and green leafy vegetables - seeds, dandelion, corn and wheat germ - seeds, whole grains, vegetable oils, egg yolks and leafy greens - plant oils and green, leafy vegetables - the fats of vegetables, dark leafy green vegetables and nuts * Vitamin E is found in vegetable oils and palm oils - oils, nuts, seeds, and whole grains - oils, wheat germ, nuts and green leafy vegetables - wheat germ, fruits, vegetables, vegetable oils and nuts - wheatgerm, vegetable oils, seeds and vegetables * Vitamin E is found mainly in oils, such as vegetable oils, and in nuts and grains - naturally in vegetables, nuts, some fish and soyabeans - generally safe, but selegiline has many potentially dangerous drug interactions - good for the heart - high in colostrum, milk, many natural feeds, and low in silages and old hay * Vitamin E is important for many processes in the body - in our diet to help maintain cardiovascular health - in the forefront of the nutrition-based health revolution - instrumental in seeing that the natural progesterone is absorbed by the body * Vitamin E is known to activate a chelating mechanism for heavy metals - be useful in helping reduce the risk of lung and breast cancer - have some effect on blood clotting - low in people with lung canc er also - made up of naturally occurring compounds called tycopherols * Vitamin E is mainly a moisturizer that can be used for skin irritations and wrinkles - present in oils of seeds - metabolized by the liver and excreted primarily in the bile * Vitamin E is necessary for the proper focusing of the eyes of middle-aged persons - vitamin A to be properly metabolized - needed for balanced hormone production - one of a few antioxidants that can reach the brain * Vitamin E is one of the best antioxidants known - best ways to moisturize skin - most commonly taken supplements in the United States - most important antioxidant - most important lipid-soluble antioxidant nutrients - most potent fat-soluble antioxidants in the body - most powerful antioxidants - so called fat soluble vitamins - particularly important for protecting against oxidation in lipid soluble compartments - powerful against wrinkles and premature aging - present as alpha, beta and gamma tocopherols * Vitamin E is present in higher concentrations in immune cells than in any other cells of the body - nuts and oily fish * Vitamin E is protective against iron toxicity and iron-induced hepatic vitamin E depletion in mice - to the diseased liver and can be added in greater than usual amounts - really eight different compounds - reduced when a person is exposed to free radicals - relatively safe compared to the fat-soluble vitamins * Vitamin E is reputed to assist in breeding - increase stamina and keep one s skin youthful - required by pigs of all ages and is closely interrelated with selenium * Vitamin E is safe and has multiple benefits, especially for the heart - when taken in large amounts, even when taken over long periods of time - safer and cheaper and has no side effects - shown to lower the increased levels of peroxides in hyperlipoproteinemic individuals - so widespread in foods that it is difficult to produce a deficiency in humans - stored in fat and found in fatty foods like eggs, corn, wheat germ and peanuts - the antioxidant agent, but is closely tied to selenium * Vitamin E is the body's most potent fat soluble antioxidant - primary fat soluble antioxidant - exception, since there are chemical differences - fertility vitamin because it corrects the functioning of the endocrine glands - lipid-soluble antioxidant that helps repair damaged hair - most efficient antioxidant for fighting free radicals - other powerful antioxidant * Vitamin E is thought to be a potential weapon against prostate cancer - especially effective when combined with the mineral Selenium - help relieve cramps and breast tenderness - unstable to heat, light, and oxygen - used in animal feeds as well as in the manufacture of foods and cosmetics * Vitamin E is used to promote optimal skin health and is helpful in reducing itchiness - treat vitamin E deficiency - yet another compound that falls into a class of drugs called anti-oxidants - low-cost, readily available substance - maintains normal viscosity of the blood - major antioxidant and the primary defense against lipid peroxidation - mixed with some anticoagulants can lead to unexpected bleeding * Vitamin E natural anticoagulant - antioxidant that helps prevent cellular damage - neutralises free radicals which contribute to premature ageing * Vitamin E neutralizes peroxides, which result from the oxidation of lipids by free radicals - the free radicals that destroy skin tissue * Vitamin E occurs in foods in a variety of related forms - naturally in nuts, vegetable oils and a variety of cereals * Vitamin E plays a role in the preservation of gum tissue - the prevention of coronary heart disease by several discrete mechanisms * Vitamin E plays an additional role, one that's particularly important to people with phlebitis - important role in circulation * Vitamin E popular and powerful antioxidant - vitamin supplement - possess natural antioxidant capabilities * Vitamin E potent antioxidant and essential vitamin - for cell membranes * Vitamin E potent antioxidant that can react with damaging oxygen free radicals - helps prevent damage from free radicals * Vitamin E powerful antioxidant and can strengthen the blood vessels and assist circulation - protects against free radical damage - known to significantly reduce oxidative stress * Vitamin E powerful antioxidant that prevents free- radical damage - protects our cells from free radical attack - antioxidant, which studies show can help reduce the risk of prostate cancer - fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin * Vitamin E prevents a chemical reaction called oxidation , that can have harmful effects in the body - exercise-induced DNA damage * Vitamin E prevents oils from becoming rancid - going rancid - oxidation of fat substances in the cells - oxidative damage to cells and cell membranes - prolongs the life of our cells, thus maintaining the function of our organs - promotes hormonal balance and helps reduce breast tenderness * Vitamin E protects against damage to nerve and cell membranes - heart disease in several ways - liver damage - retinopathy of prematurity through action on spindle cells - animals from diabetic cataracts - from premature aging around they eye area - signal-sensitive neurons in the brain from free radical damage - sperm from oxidative damage that can lead to infertility - the body against the potentially damaging effects of iron and fish oil * Vitamin E protects the cell membrane from oxidative damage - membranes that line the colon - heart and exerts estrogen-like functions - immune system from damage during times of stress or illness - lungs and blood cells from ozone - tissues against oxidative damage and assists in the formation of red blood cells - white and red blood cells, helping the body's immune system * Vitamin E provides anti-oxidant activity in cell membranes - antioxidants to protect and repair sun damage and slow aging * Vitamin E reduces glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity - progression of coronary artery disease - the risk of coronary heart disease and heart attacks - regulates mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation - removes lipofuscin deposits, commonly known as liver spots - revitalizes skin and is proven to improve skin texture and softness * Vitamin E seems to interfere with the oxygen-controlled signals that make cancer cells grow - work by preventing small latent tumors from becoming active cancers - serves as antioxidant to protect the integrity of membrane - slows the rate of free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in cells - stimulates the immune response - strengthens the walls of veins - targets dangerous inflammation - valuable antioxidant * Vitamin E very important anti-oxidant - vitamins that act as antioxidants * Vitamin E works as an anti-oxidant and can protect damage to cells - antioxidant to promote overall health - in cell membrane fractions - synergistically with vitamin C to repair tissues - to block free radicals from attacking lipids and forming lipid peroxides * ameliorates adverse effects of endothelial injury in brain arterioles. * are antioxidant	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| inhibitor: Aromatase inhibitor * are substances which prevent the formation of the female hormone oestradiol. * avoid the weight gain associated with progestins. * work by lowering serum estradiol concentrations. Cholinesterase inhibitor * are the current mainstay of AD treatment. * increase gastric acid secretion due to increased cholinergic activity. Competitive inhibitor * are common in nature - quite common in nature * bind to the active site. * binds to the same site as the substrate. * compete for the same binding site as the enzyme substrate. * have a wide range of pharmaceutical applications. Corrosion inhibitor * are used to minimize the corrosion of steel and steel bars in concrete. * coat drain pipes with an invisible film which protects pipes. * containing chromates and phosphates contribute to a plant's pollution load. * do two things. * help by reducing the aggressiveness of the environment. * protect bearings, rings, and the valve train from acidic attack and pitting. * provide protection and save time. Moderator * are inhibitors - mediators - part of nuclear reactors * is an inhibitor<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| inhibitor \| moderator: Heavy water * contains deuterium , an isotope of hydrogen having one neutron in the nucleus - rather than ordinary hydrogen as a constituent * has high heat capacity. * is an excellent moderator and thus permits the use of unenriched uranium as a fuel - chemical compounds - necessary to produce plutonium in a nuclear reactor * is used as a neutron moderator and coolant for nuclear reactors - both as a moderator and coolant - in the nuclear industry to slow down neutrons - useful in some kinds of nuclear reactors called heavy water reactors - water with a deuterium atom instead of one of the hydrogen atoms * reacts with uranium, thorium and structural metals. * suitable and convenient moderator in nuclear reactors. Mold inhibitor * have no effect on mycotoxins already present in stored grain. * prevent bread from becoming molded. Neuraminidase inhibitor * are a new class of antiviral drugs that inhibit influenza A and B viruses - analogues of sialic acid * block release of influenza virus from infected cells. Noncompetitive inhibitor * Decreases the turnover number of the enzyme. * act elsewhere. Inoculant * are available in several formulations - substances * come in both dry and wettable forms. * have a limited shelf life. * provide the legume seeds with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. ### substance \| inoculant: Bacterial inoculant * are easy to apply and safe to handle and use - probably the most common additives in the United States * is specific for each legume species. Inoculum * is in close proximity to developing crop - present belowground in the form of infected roots * is probably present at varying levels throughout the region - uniformly present, and genetic variation among isolates is considerable * term for the pathogen propagules that initiate an epidemic. Inorganic material * Some inorganic materials conduct electricity. * are non carbon based, like hydrochloric acid. Inorganic substance * Most inorganic substances use chemical energy * Some inorganic substances dissolve metal - find in earth * Some inorganic substances have chemical compositions * Some inorganic substances have definite chemical compositions Insulation material * Some insulation materials are easier to work with than others - flammable and give off dense chemical smoke if burned - contain formalin and formaldehyde * are critical in buildings designed for low energy use and good thermal comfort. * have tiny pockets of trapped air. * play a primary role in achieving high energy efficiencies in buildings.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Insulator * All insulators are electrostrictive and produce a strain under an applied electric field. * Most insulators are made of glass - become conductors * Most insulators conduct charge - electric charge - have properties * Some insulators have electrical resistance - energy gaps - high resistance * Some insulators prevent energy - solar energy * also protect appliances from damage. * are also very useful to fill the 'gap' in between the metal plates of a capacitor - free to rotate without affecting position of the terminal pads or the conductor - important for electrical safety * are materials that have just the opposite effect on the flow of electrons - prevent the flow of heat - resist the flow of electricity - which prevent the flow of electricity - whose atoms have tightly bound electrons - the biggest cause for charge induced from field induction - things like glass, plastic, rubber, dry string, paper, and wood * come in different shapes and sizes. * contain no free electrons. * continue to work unprotected in many plants. * have an extremely high electrical resistance. * have high electrical resistivities - resistance and conductors have low resistance - specific heat capacities - no sea of conduction electrons - very low electrical resistance * install insulation in buildings and apply it to systems such as heating and plumbing. * keep electricity in power lines. * oppose electrical current and make poor conductors. * play a critical role in many aspects of technology, from large scale to the microscopic. * provide needed protection from high-voltage lines for people who work on power lines. * tend to get salt encrusted from the sea water spray. * work well to reduce conduction, but generally fall short of preventing convection. ### substance \| insulator: Ceramic insulator * Some ceramic insulators have resistance. * have a wide range of electrical properties. Electrical insulator * Most electrical insulators are silicon composites, and sand is just the same thing. * Most electrical insulators conduct charge Interstellar material * can enter the solar system and perturb the sun and life on the Earth. * consists of gases and dust particles ejected from exploding stars. Ionic material * comprise the major exhaust pollutants of vehicles. * have a large range of applications, ranging from toughened ceramics to catalysis. Ionic substance * Some ionic substances conduct electricity. * are able to conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water - usually soft and low melting * dissolve to form electrically conducting solutions. Isothiocyanate * are present in rich amounts in cruciferous vegetables. * induce enzymes that detoxify environmental carcinogens. * inhibit tumor growth.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Ivory * Most ivory comes from animals - elephants - derives from elephants * Some ivories have a grain, best described as similar to tree rings in miniature. * ' hard white material made from the tusks and teeth of animals such as elephants, hippopotamuses and walruses. Ivory is now very rare and expensive since there are restrictions on hunting elephants for ivory. There are also laws against the trade of ivory. * has a complex characteristic grain which helps distinguish it from imitations. * highly sensitive material which absorbs water. * is also from rhinos - an expensive base for painting and is available in small sizes mostly - in demand for making bracelets, bangles and powder for Chinese medicine - marketed as an aphrodisiac as well as carved for jewelry and decorative pieces - perhaps the perfect medium for carving intricate works of art - really only dentine and is no different from ordinary teeth - similar to bone, being made up mostly of calcium and phosphate * is the smooth, solid, usually white material that makes up the tusks of elephants - used in architectural decoration - yellow with a lot of white * material used in creating art objects and jewelry where the ivory is carved with designs. * natural tooth substance that continues to grow throughout the animal's life. * poaching for tusks is the main reason that elephants have been so heavily hunted. * powerful material associated with a powerful animal. * remains a much-fancied decorative item in parts of the Middle East and Far East. * tends to carve easily. * turns yellow if it is continuously kept away from light. + Tusk: Animal anatomy * Tusks are made of ivory. Ivory is very rare and expensive. Many elephants are killed for their tusks. ### substance \| ivory: Elephant ivory * continues to accumulate in most range states for a variety of reasons. * is coveted by humans - the easiest ivory to work on with the least likelihood of hidden flaws * unique mixture of dentine, cartilaginous material and calcium salts. Mammoth ivory * can be chalky which allows it to absorb ink giving it a dirty appearance. * has a similar type of coloring. * have blue-green colored blemishes from an iron phosphate called vivianite. * is used today to make handcrafted knives and similar implements. * is, basically, fossilized elephant ivory. ### substance \| lac: Shellac * All shellacs imbue some bit of color to wood. * is lac<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Latex * Most latex irritates skin - is produced in Africa and Southeast Asia * Some latex consists of monomers - contains enzymes - has minimum temperature * allergy and latex sensitization in children and adolescents with myelomeningocele. * gloves from different sources vary in the amount of latex protein detectable on the surface. * has characteristics - other characteristics - quality * includes natural rubber * is exudates - polymers - software * paints in optimum conditions dry quickly. * paints use vinyl binders and a water carrier - water as the solvent and are therefore less toxic * paints, paper coating, adhesives, safety glass. ### substance \| latex: Aloe latex * contains strong laxative compounds. * is the sticky residue left over after the liquid from cut aloe leaves has evaporated. Liquid latex * is excellent for making crows feet and bags under the orbits of the eyes. * product used to make rubber masks and molds for rubber masks. * weak conductor. Natural latex * contains protein. * has quality. * is the only is the only latex known to cause any type of allergic reaction. * sticky, unworkable liquid that dries to a brittle solid.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| latex: Rubber * Also feed materials for the manufacturing synthetic rubber. * Most rubber creates friction. * Some rubber absorbs heat - causes chemical reaction * Some rubber comes from flower plants - contains carbon * Some rubber has conductivity - high resistance - low conductivity - ohm resistance - uses for defense - rubbers keep their original properties better than others * also deteriorates over time. * appears mainly to be used for flooring in Australia. * based adhesive are very aggressive and work with a wide range of substrates. * based adhesives also have good quick stick performance - provide excellent adhesion to corrugated materials - inks take a longer time to dry * comes from latex. * common component of stoppers, cap liners, and parts of dropper assemblies. * consists of a combination of natural proteins and added chemicals. * controlled commodity and is mainly marketed in the form of smoked rubber sheets. * degrades naturally under exposure to heat and oxygen. * fold-down eyecups fold down for use when wearing eyeglasses. * freezes and breaks at low temperature. * good example of a naturally occurring polymer - insulator, and that's why rubber is used to cover wires in an electric cord * has a full outer valence shell - relatively large friction coefficient when tested on most surfaces - many different things it is used for * includes thermoplastic rubber. * is also an ingredient in rubberized asphalt, which is used to pave streets and highways - important to their economy * is an electrical insulator - important product in the lightly industrialized, mineral deficient South - best for shock absorption - considered to be an insulator - contests - easier to walk and run on than conventional ground coverings - inanimate objects - light in weight * is located in cabinets - classrooms - drug stores - drugstores - freeways - houses - tires - trash - wallets * is made from long-chain polymer molecules - of giant molecules tied together to form a network - more flexible, and is able to stretch and shrink repeatedly * is natural products - substances - neither a metal or an electrical conductor, thus preventing electrolytic corrosion - obtained primarily from Hevea , although latex is used from other genera as well - one of the ingredients of bubble gum - porous, therefore it retains small amounts of residue * is produced from the latex of Hevea - when chemicals are added to the latex to increase elasticity and strength - rotted by oil - saps - solid objects - solids * is the most important cash crop , though cocoa, coffee, and palm oil are also produced - widely used of the contact roll materials - primary commercial crop - water repellent and resistant to alkalies and weak acids * locking casters are useful on stools to prevent tipping. * makes up balloons. * processed plant product that's derived from latex. * product of the rain forest. * protects hands from garlic smell. * provides protection. * reduces stress on vital joints in the human body. * sanding blocks are for use with wet or dry sanding paper. * severely affects silver. * soled footwear is preferable to leather soles. * thermoset elastomer which is more difficult to process and mold. * vary in composition. ### substance \| latex \| rubber: Butyl rubber * have outstanding impermeability to gases and excellent oxidation and ozone resistance. * is recommended for use because it cleans up easily with water. * is the material of choice when handling hydrazine - single, large market for high purity isobutylene - used in inner tubes and as insulation * suitable material for personal protective equipment. * synthetic elastomeric co-polymer of isobutylene with a small percent of isoprene.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| latex \| rubber: Natural rubber * Most natural rubber comes from latex - is produced in Africa and South Asia * Some natural rubber absorbs heat. * deteriorates over time and all blade materials fall victim to environmental factors. * good example of biomaterials that can compete directly with petrochemicals. * has a large deformability capacity. * have many of the charac-teristics required in an effective seal. * is also a polymer of a molecule known as isoprene - an elastomer and a thermoplastic - brittle when cold and sticky when warm - effective only for dry formulations - extracted from Hevea brasiliensis - made into natural rubber latex through a manufacturing process * is one of the most elastic substances known - widely used of all plant products - siphoned from cultivated trees on plantations in Asia and Africa - superior in resilience to synthetics * is the best for airplane tires and is also important in radial tires - raw material for ebonite - their primary raw material - used by many manufacturing companies for the production of rubber products * is, naturally a natural polymer also, made from just carbon and hydrogen. * latex exudate of certain trees and composed of monomers called isoprene units. * offers reasonable abrasion resistance. * polymer of isoprene, and is both a thermoplastic and an elastomer. * processed product of latex. * provides abrasion resistance. * relatively poor air retainer. Rubber cement * is adhesive - also extremely flammable - highly flammable and explosive and was set off by sparking inside * very convenient adhesive for pasting graphic elements. Silicone rubber * is synthetic rubber - used for small scale casting * synthetic polymer similar in chemical composition to quartz. Vulcanized rubber * has many properties that make it useful. * is hard to recycle - stronger yet also more elastic than the starting material * represents the first commercially successful product of polymer research. Synthetic latex * Most synthetic latex includes natural rubber * is used as an alternative for latex sensitive individuals. ### substance \| lava: Basaltic lava * has a low viscosity and often flows for long distances from the eruption site - relatively low viscosity, so flows move far and fast * is dark because it contains high amounts of iron and magnesium - one type of magma Basaltic lavas * are runnier, like maple syrup, while rhyolitic lavas are more like molasses. * have low viscosities.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| lava: Blocky lava * makes piles of sharp chunks. + Lava, Types of lava, Blocky lava * Blocky lava usually out from a volcano only after an explosion has let out lots of the gas pressure from the place where there is magma. Blocky lava makes piles of sharp chunks. + Lava: Volcanology * Lava' is magma that flows onto the Earth's surface. Blocky lava is so thick and slow that it barely moves along the ground. Other types of lava, like 'pahoehoe', 'aa', and 'pillow lava', are thinner and flow faster. Hawaiian lava * contains much iron and can form magnetic minerals. * flows into the sea. Molten lava * flows through tubes from the vent to the ocean. * is usually orange or red. * seeps into surrounding crust.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| lava: Pahoehoe * Hawaiian term applied to blocky basalt flows - for basaltic lava that has a smooth, hummocky, or ropy surface * flows very commonly contain lava tubes. * has a folded ropelike surface - the same chemistry as a'a * is Hawaiian term for lava with a smooth, ropy, wrinkled, and billowy surface - smooth lava * is the Hawaiian word for a common form of lava - second most abundant type of lava flow - smooth unbroken lava that looks like the top of a brownie pan * refers to lava which has a ropey, plastic, wrinkled appearance - the smooth, billowy or ropy surfaces on lava flows * smooth lava that often forms ropes and coils. * smooth, ropey lava that forms as a result of gassy eruptions. * type of lava the resemble the twisting braids in ropes. Pahoehoe lava * has a low eruption rate and a similar chemistry to A'a - smooth and ropey texture - smooth, ropy, or billowy surface * is characterized by a smooth, billowy, or ropy surface - generally more rich in gases and said to be the hottest substance on earth - usually at the beginning of a lava flow and appears smooth, thin, and runny * is very fluid as it flows - smooth and ropey type of lava * presents a surface difficult for plants to colonize.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| lava: Pillow lavas * are essentially the underwater equivalent of pahoehoe - round, black rocks that form under water - the rocks that occur in the topmost part of ophiolite complexes - used generally to show volcanism occurred underwater in metamorphic belts * can also form when flows enter a river or lake. + Lava, Types of lava, Pillow lava: Volcanology * They occur wherever mafic or intermediate lavas push out under water. This happens along marine hotspot volcano chains and the constructive plate boundaries of mid-ocean ridges. Pillow lavas occur in the oldest preserved volcanic sequences on earth, the Isua and Barberton greenstone belts. This shows that large bodies of water were on the Earth's surface early in the Archaean. Pillow lavas are used generally to show volcanism occurred underwater in metamorphic belts.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Leather * All leather comes from animals. * All leather is aniline dyed after the tanning process - the product of animal hides * Most leather comes from factory farmed dairy cows and veal cows. * Most leathers have a top coat or protective finish - use for shoes * actually improves with age. * appears prominently on informal clothing. * are animal products - durable materials - fabric * are located in car seats - department stores - handbags - stables - organic matter - smooths - solid objects - solids - tanneds * are used for belts - protective clothing - whips * back is one of the biggest sea turtles. * by-product of the meat industry. * can be very expensive depending on the quality of the hide. * collective term for all hides and skins which have been tanned. * comes from hides and skins which are differentiated on the basis of size - the hides of animals - in a different set of colors from wool * conjures the emotions and awakens the senses. * dries out and deteriorates due to environmental and chemical causes. * embossed western tool. * emits VOCs due to the chemicals used in tanning and the finishing process. * especially is one of India's major exports. * gives off pheromones. * good electrical insulator if kept dry. * is also nothing but cured and processed animal skin - by far the strongest upholstery material used in furniture - clean and soft after use - created from the hides of animals which live an unsheltered life - dry and brittle - elastic and strong, and has a high ripping resistance, unlike fabric materials - food for fungi, insects and rodents - harder to clean and requires more work to maintain than other materials - in solids only - just normal leather that is usually lined with canvas * is made from animal skin, rawhide, as some call it - cattle hides - the hides of cattle and pigs - their hides, and their wool is crafted into ropes, rugs, and fabrics - up of a diverse population - more durable than synthetic materials, but also more expensive - most common in the form of shoes, belts, wallets, and purses - much used in bookbinding - naturally porous - nature's most sensual and practical material - near the top of many people's lists for furniture material, shoes, or jackets * is one of the most misunderstood terms because there are so many different types of leather - useful and versatile materials used today to make just about anything - organic and picks up energy - primarily a by-product from an animal used for food - produced from the hides in two distinct phases, tanning and finishing - so versatile, it is used for fashion, furniture, automotive, shoes, handbags, and more - somebody's skin or a by-product of somebody's skin * is the fastest growing upholstery material used in the United States today - most durable form of upholstery * is the most durable upholstery material known today - material, and is very hard to scratch - product of something that was alive * is the strongest most versatile natural resource - natural material known to man - upholstery material known to man - strongest, most versatile natural upholstery material known - tanned skin of a once living animal, usually cow, though many others exist - tougher than cloth, and sewing it requires a heavy duty implement such as an awl - very tough and light, but it softens greatly when wet * is worn at corners, starting to crack along spine and chipped at bottom of spine - edges and cracking along spine * lasts an indefinite period of time when properly cared for. * natural material and needs little or no care - made from the hides of animals - that 'breathes' - making it cool in the summer and warm in the winter - product and requires some care to maintain the natural beauty of the hide * needs to breathe and plastic garment bags prevent air circulation. * non-woven three dimensional fabric with no shear plane. * porous material. * remarkable product of nature that is soft and supple, while being strong and durable. * rot disease of strawberries that occurs sporadically throughout New York State. * shrinks when wet. * tends to be more pronounced once the fruit has faded - get stiff after a summer of wading * very durable product and has survived a broad range of applications over the centuries. * western tool embossed over a light padding.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| leather: Fruit leather * are a great way to use leftover fruit pulp from making jelly. * is made by drying thin layers of pureed fruit in the oven or dehydrator. * made without sugar make an excellent snack or dessert for diabetics.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| leather: Morocco * has four perennial rivers and many dams have been built with potential for power generation - lots of trilobites, and there are also places in the United States known for trilobites - one of Africa's leading mining industries - primarily a Mediterranean climate - tendency in direction of democracy, but is still ruled by the powerful king - two climatic zones * is by far one of the more liberal Islamic countries. * is currently the biggest importer of locally produced seed - world's largest exporter * is located in an active seismic zone - north Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar from Spain - on the northwestern corner of Africa - part African, part Middle Eastern - responsible for planting the greatest number of landmines in recent times - situated in the north-west corner of Africa - where black Africa meets Arabic in full effect + Anchovy, As a food source: Anchovies :: Edible fish :: Fish of the Atlantic :: Fish of the Pacific :: Fish of the Indian ocean :: Clupeiformes :: Teleosts * The European anchovy, 'Engraulis encrasicolus', is the anchovy of commerce. Morocco now leads the world in canned anchovies. The anchovy industry along the coast of Cantabria now dwarfs the traditional Catalan salters, though the industry was only started in Cantabria by Sicilian salters in the mid 19th century. Natural leather * comes from cattle skins, or hides. * get their softness from the leather being left in a natural state. * is made from tanned animal hide and animal skin - waterproof to protect gun from moisture Nose leather * is flesh or coral pink. * light warm brown and paw pads are a warm pinkish tan. Patent leather * are leathers. * is dress-down and because it is shiny, it is to be worn with dull cottons - leather that has been given a high-gloss finish<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| leather: Real leather * comes from animals who have suffered horribly. * is composed of microscopic fibers which are inter linked - the top split of the hide + Substitute good: Microeconomics :: Goods * For 'imperfect substitutes', the customer has to make a trade-off, either in price, or in quality. Artificial leather is much cheaper than real leather, and can replace it in many situations - artificial and real leather are substitute goods. Real leather is much more durable, and has a different look and feel. When these factors are important, the two are not interchangeable. For this reason artificial and real leather are imperfect substitutes. Roan * are horses * combined with seal bay can result in a buckskin sort of color. Sheepskin * are also popular bed cushioning * helps prevent bed sore discomfort caused by pressure, moisture, heat and friction. * is big business in Australia and is sold at a good price in many shops - quite resistant to getting totally wet Suede * is the first commercial programming language to incorporate ambiguity at a fundamental level. * material that requires attention and care to maintain. Ligand * binding causes ion channels to open - the receptor protein to undergo a change in shape - typically induces receptor dimerization or multimerization * has a very non-planar ester group, which is surely wrong. * is any small molecule that can bind to a larger molecule - the target cell of a signal molecule * seeks two receptors into binding and mutual phosphorylation. Lightweight material * are critical to the development of highly fuel-efficient vehicles. * are the key to low fuel consumption and lower emissions in cars - keys to low fuel consumption and lower emissions in cars	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Limestone * 's of various types cover about two-thirds of the island. * All limestones contain at least a few percent other materials. * Many limestones are fossil-bearing. * Many limestones contain coral - fossils , and some are made up almost entirely of skeletal material - fossils, because many organisms make their shells from calcite * Most limestone is gray, but it can be all colors ranging from white to black - made into crushed stone and used as a construction material - limestones have a granular texture * Much limestone is made up of marine animals and contains pieces of shells, corals, and mollusks. * Sedimentary rock and therefore is layered horizontally. * Some limestone consists of carbonate sand grain - coarse grain - dissolves in water - is used as dimensional building stone * Some limestones are also aquifers, that is, they are rock units that can yield water to wells - thousands of meters thick - can form by direct precipitation of calcium carbonate from marine or fresh water * acts as a flux and also combines with impurities to form slag. * affects only a very small volume of soil around each particle. * also forms as a deposit in caves from the precipitation of calcium carbonate - serves as a raw material in cement and mortar and as a building stone * appears as far west as the Mississippi River in thick sheets in many more places - in yellow-greens and rocks altered to kaolinite as one of the clays are purple - mostly in monuments and in decorative and facing work * are a common type of sedimentary rock - the primary rock records of ancient oceans and atmospheres * becomes marble from the heat and pressure of metamorphic events. * calcium carbonate, and it is alkali. * can also form through evaporation - change into calcareous gneiss which contains calcium carbonate - form entirely without the help of organic material * caves displaying stalactites. * comes in many different varieties. * common organic. * composed of oolites is very porous and spongelike. * compound of calcium. * consists of fossilized sea shells, shell fragments and consolidated limy mud. * contains calcium carbonate, a base - which is effective in the reduction of the swelling - the shells and skeletons of sea creatures and limy masses built by plants * covers vast areas of the Midwest and is of great commercial importance. * dominate the rest of the Mississippian-age deposits of northern Arkansas. * exists in abundance, and is extensively quarried, being used as a fertilizer - only in the form of boulders * fairly common rock type. * fizzes in vinegar, which means that it reacts to acid. * forms the main composition of the formation. * frequently contain fossils. * generally forms from the shells and skeletons of small ocean organisms - has many fossils while shale and sandstone generally have fewer * has a number of other important uses - all the desired characteristics of an agricultural liming material * has many important uses - other uses - the property of being very soluble in weak acid solutions - two properties that make it susceptible to cave formation * have joints running at right angles to each other. * is actually one form of mineral called calcium carbonate. * is added to acid soils to replace singly charged hydrogen ions on the clay particles - soil to increase the pH, but also supplies some plant nutrients * is also a raw material for the chemical industry and is utilized as a soil conditioner - important for limpograss production * is an abundant bedrock in the state - essential mineral commodity of national importance - example of an organic sediment - organic, sedimentary rock * is another common sedimentary rock in Kansas - decorative stone that often features fossils imbedded in it - calcium carbonate, and dolomite mixture of calcium and magnesium carbonates - carbonate rocks * is composed mostly of calcium carbonate remains of plants and animals - of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate - primarily of the mineral calcite, or calcium carbonate - considered a carbonate rock - consolidated limy mud or calcareous sand, with fossil shells and shell fragments - created by the body parts of sea creatures - described by homeopathy as the spine, the backbone, of the planet - dissolved and removed by subsurface water resulting in underground caverns - fairly soft, yet it is used in many ways * is formed by the accumulation of the skeletons and shells of small sea life - the shells and skeletons of millions of marine organisms - in layers - called bedding planes - insoluble in pure water but dissolves in acid - known to contain lime from sea water - made from calcite * is made of calcite - calcium and carbon dioxide - out of the shells of zillions of little tiny sea snails and creatures like that - primarily of calcium carbonate - up of calcium carbonate and reacts with diluted hydrocloric acid - mainly calcium carbonate - mined where oceans once existed and are remains of sea life, oysters, clams etc - mostly calcium carbonate - noncrystalline and possesses very uniform composition, texture and structure * is one example of a carbonate rock - of Alberta's most valuable non-energy minerals * is one of the few natural resources in which Japan is totally self-sufficient - most widely-consumed raw materials - very common sedimentary rocks comprising the upper crust of the earth - partially soluble, especially in acid, and therefore forms many erosional landforms - perhaps the most well-known of Indiana's natural resources * is porous and allows rapid movement of water and chemicals to groundwater supplies - material and age and exposure to the elements created breaks in the limestone * is quarried commercially for lime and building stone - for use in the production of Portland cement - in benches - quite soft and is often cut away by the action of water - second only to coal as Kentucky's most important mineral product - slowly soluble in water - so heavy that it gradually sinks underneath the Earth's mantle, where it melts - supposed to be a solid rock * is the bedrock and the gravel is the top layer - best rock for storing used nuclear fuel - calcium-containing material most used to make cement - cheapest form of calcium available - chief constituent of the mountains of Syria - foundation on which the surface of Florida sits * is the most abundant of the non-clastic sedimentary rocks - common type of carbonate rock * is the only kind of Rock - rock found, particularly along the southwest portion of the state - parent material for most of the soils throughout much of Indiana and the Midwest * is the rock formed by calcite - most rapidly weathered in humid climates - second most used building stone - state stone of Indiana - typically tan to gray * is used as a filler in a variety of products, including paper, plastic, and paint - extensively in Michigan to refine beet sugar * is used in construction almost everywhere - making cement and gypsum is used in making sheet rock - road construction, steel-making, concrete and cement - the production of cement, lime, building stone, etc * is used to adjust the soil acidity - make glass and cement * is very common in architecture, especially in Europe and North America - slippery when wet - what use to cover the ground in most of that very area of the Yucatan - widespread and quarried extensively, but there are few other mineral resources * makes great building stone - up the majority of caves in the United States * occurs at the edge of the coalfields, and some very long cave systems can be found - in thick beds that can be hundreds of feet thick * originate mainly through the lithification of loose carbonate sediments. * porous rock, capable of cracking, breaking and dissolving. * requires moisture to react - time to react with soil * rock composed of calcium, carbon and oxygen. * rock made mostly of the mineral calcite - up of different types minerals, mainly calcium carbonate and magnesium - that is composed primarily of calcium carbonate - with an enormous diversity of uses * sedimentary rock composed of primarily calcium carbonate - deposited in oceans * sedimentary rock that is composed primarily of calcite - made by the organic and mineral deposits of ancient oceans - rock, made of bits dropping to the bottom of the sea * source of calcium. * type of carbonate rock that is conducive to cave formation * usually come from shells or ancient sea animals - forms in warm shallow seas, where many types of organisms live * varies in hardness and is also a porous material that requires resealing. * very useful mineral. + Limestone, Fossiliferous limestones: Carbonate rocks :: Sedimentary rocks * Many limestones contain fossils, and some are made up almost entirely of skeletal material. Limestone is not found much before the Cambrian period, because shelled animals had not yet evolved. Small shelly fossils occur in the latest Ediacaran for the first time * Limestone is used to make glass and cement. It is also used to make iron in a blast furnace, to remove impurities from the iron ore	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| limestone: Dolomitic limestone * Dolomitic Limestone Apply in fall to raise pH of acidic soils that contain insufficient magnesium. * contains calcium and magnesium. * is mined around the world - recommended as an alternate liming source since it supplies magnesium - the most common form of liming material sold in Connecticut * mixture of calcium and magnesium carbonate.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Liquid * All liquids can evaporate but they do so at varying rates - display surface tension to some degree * All liquids have a definite volume given a particular fixed temperature - vapor pressure - something called vapor pressure - move on their own and take the shape of what they are being poured into, unlike solids - tend to vaporize at atmospheric temperatures, but their rates of vaporization vary * Any liquid has a thermal conductivity greater than the corresponding vapor. * Every liquid has a little portion of water in it - specific boiling temperature * Many liquids are lighter than water - toxic if inhaled directly, such as some cleaning substances - used as solvents , to dissolve other liquids or solids - contain solids * Most liquids are less viscous at higher temperatures - more viscous at lower temperatures * Most liquids are produced by seminal vesicles - attract ants - become gases * Most liquids become more dense as they cool - while solidifying - water vapor * Most liquids change into gas phases - shapes * Most liquids consist of substances * Most liquids contain chemicals - many more chemicals - nourishment * Most liquids contract as they freeze - on freezing - dissolve other substances - expand only slightly when heated - flow through channels - freeze by crystallization , formation of crystalline solid from the uniform liquid * Most liquids have conductivity - containers - flavor - high viscosity - low viscosity - mass - nutrients - properties - size - unpleasant smell - weight - look like blood - resist compression, although others can be compressed - used by humans are ither aqueous solutions or oil-based solutions * Some liquids are also good conductors. * Some liquids are caused by forces - intermolecular forces - easier to turn into glass than others, however - heavier than others * Some liquids are produced by aphids - bees - glands - kidneys - livers - rather high boiling - very volatile and vaporize easily on contact with air * Some liquids attract insect pollinators - become air - burn eyes * Some liquids can also float on other liquids, forming layers - flow faster than others - solidify with a change in temperature, pressure or agitation * Some liquids cause constipation - great pain - inflammation - irritation - minor irritation - change into gases * Some liquids come out of anal glands - noses * Some liquids conduct conductivity - electricity * Some liquids consist of glucose - secretion * Some liquids contain acid - caffeine - chemicals that are a serious toxic hazard - concentration - digestive juice - fructose - particles - proteins - salt - small particles - stomach acid - create life - decrease their viscosity with agitation * Some liquids derive from mistletoe plants - dissolve substances - drive turbines * Some liquids enter intestines - large intestines - evaporate more quickly than others - exist in equilibrium - find in plants - flow through tissue * Some liquids gain energy - enough energy * Some liquids have acidity - an index of refraction very close to that of glass - different levels - fishy odor * Some liquids have high pressure - resistance - indefinite shapes - increase energy - irritate skin * Some liquids kill bugs - kudzu bugs - lose heat * Some liquids make gravy - up of proteins - protect fetuses - reduce milk production - release ammonia gas - require heat - retain temperature * absorbs heat from skin as it changes into a gas. * act as lubricant. * add fluid to the colon and bulk to stools making bowel movements softer and easier to pass. * adopt the shape of the recipients in which they are contained. * also have a shorter shelf life than dry products - undergo adhesion * always boil more readily at lower pressure. * are a between phase of matter. * are able to conduct electricity, and enhance by salt or sugar contents - diffuse and mix with other liquids, but it slower mixing than in gases - actually quite hard when one tries to change the shape at high speeds - almost incompressible - also fluids - as likely to come out the nose as make it to the stomach * are best at room temperature or warm since cold drinks or foods tend to cause coughing - warm since cold drinks tend to cause coughing - between the two other states in terms of organization - beverages - by far the most common * are capable of boils - clears - conducive to the formation of shock waves - consonants - corrosive and stain - dense, gases are light - easier to measure when they are cold - easy to mix and stay homogeneous - essential in preventing constipation and dehydration - excellent for use in many applications because they are relatively easy to measure - fluid, able to flow and take any shape - fluidy, can move around a little, and fill up containers - found between the solid and gas states * are generally incompressible while gases are compressible - less dense than solids , but denser than gases - much more compressible than solids - hard to compress * are important in winter camping - to decrease the risk of hypothermia * are located in cans - cups - jars - materials that can flow, such as water, mercury, or maple sap - medicine * are more difficult to swallow than solids - disordered than solids * are more likely to accidentally enter the windpipe compared to pills or capsules - produce a fast reaction - ordered than gases, but less ordered than solids * are much harder to compress than gases - natural stool softeners * are nearly incompressible fluids - non-compressible and have constant volume but can change shape * are one kind of fluid, gases are another - of the three chemical phase states that matter is found in - state of matter - poor conductors of heat - practically non-compressible because the molecules are already close together - prepared in a highly automated process in stainless steel vessels - present in the tanks as supernatant and interstitial liquid - primarily for clean coatings and removing one or two layers of paint - relatively incompressible , so the main action of a pump is to transport liquids * are similar to both consonants and vowels in how they are made - solids in that the particles touch - tasted and gases are smelled - the state of matter that have definite volume, indefinite shape - therefore more disordered than solids - too dense, so molecules can get in the way - used for drinking - useful for feeding plants in containers and hanging baskets - usually the hardest to swallow safely as they slip down quickly - very compressible because there lot of empty space between particles - water-like matter, such as seawater and paint * based fertilzers are available in a wide variety of different formulations. - solid by freezing * boil at very, very low temperatures. * burn at a slower rate than vapors because the exposed surface to the flame is smaller. * can be rain water or snow melt that enter soil and carry contaminates from buried wastes - solutions of solute species dissolved in a solvent, such as sea water - burn if heated to temperatures at or above flash point * can burn upon heating to temperatures at or above the flash point - at or above the flashpoint - carry sound * can cause severe damage to skin and eyes - freeze burns similar to frostbite - skin irritation and dermatitis, including acne - display immiscibility - harm skin and also be absorbed through the skin - include milk, broth, fruit or vegetable juice or liquid supplements - leave the liver via the hepatic vein or via lymph ducts - move through pipes that are laid out horizontally * can only exist as the 'filling' of a sandwich - for a limited temperature range * can only fill the bottom of a container, while gases can fill it entirely - the container while gases fill it entirely - take the shape of their container - vary from broths, to water, to syrups * causes severe damage to mucous membranes if swallowed. - shape according to the container, but have constant volumes * combine with flour to form gluten. * come out of nose. * conduct heat by BOTH conduction and convection. * conform to the shape of the container in which they are stored. * consist of small particles that are close together with no regular arrangement * consists of atoms or molecules that are connected by intermolecular bonds. - toxins * containing such molecules sometimes behave strangely. * contribute moistness to the texture and improve the mouthfeel of baked products. * cooled engines have passages for the liquid, or coolant, through the cylinder block and head - heat sinks reduce volume over air-cooled parts * defatting agent. * degreases the skin. * diffuse from solutions of higher concentration to solutions of lower concentration - much more slowly than gases * dilute the digestive juices and thus interfere with their work. * dissolve body oils on the skin. * do conduct heat - take the form of their container and so does gas * dripping from a branch infection can prevent turf growth beneath the dripping wound. * emanate from putrefied bodies. * exhibit a resistance to flow called viscosity. * expand and contract too, but there lot less change in their volume compared to gases. * expand and contract with temperature changes - on heating and contract on cooling * expand when heated and they contract when cooled * fall through the esophagus into the stomach by gravity. * falls from a point of discharge to the level of flow in the underlying sewer. * fight forest fires. * fill the shape of any container they are in. * flow and always take up the shape of the vessel into which they are poured - assume the shape of their container, occupying all available volume - because there are no strong forces holding their molecules together * flows into molds that form ingots, or bars of metal. * form suspensions. * freeze when they change to the solid state. * generally expand when heated, and contract when cooled - expands more for the same increase in temperature - take the shape of the container they are in * great form of scent and the most cost effective form. * has a definite volume but no definite shape - an almost-fixed volume , but no set shape * have a defined volume and undefined shape. * have a definite shape but they do have a definite volume - volume and shape, but solids only have a definite shape * have a definite volume, but are able to change their shape by flowing - no definite shape - they take the shape of their container * have a definite volume, but take the shape of the container which they occupy - different kind of molecular relationship - fixed volume at low pressure and like the solids they are usually hard to compress * have a fixed volume but flow to assume the shape of their containers - no fixed shape - set volume, but change shape - specific size or volume , but no particular shape - variety of uses, as lubricants, solvents, and coolants - an inverse solubility with respect to temperature for gasses - atoms that are spread out a little more - characteristics that fall in between gases and solids - considerably higher viscosity's than gases * have definite volume, but indefinite shape - while solids have both definite shape and definite volume - density too * have different densities, too - little compressibility - molecules that are loosely bound together - quality - somewhat weaker interactions between the atoms or molecules - stronger internal cues to both place and manner - surface tension, which leads to wetting - weight and volume * heated in a microwave are very hot, even if the container they are heated in is cool. * help dilute solutions in the blood and help keep the respiratory tract from dehydration - thin mucous secretions - to soften the stool * holds iron, manganese, copper and calcium in solution. * infiltrates the grain boundaries of a dense preform. * irritates skin and causes frostbite. * is also cool - one of the four states of matter known as solids,liquids,gases,and plasma - any ingredient which contributes moisture to the dough - blue in color and dries almost clear with a slight blue tint - considered as real incompressible and flow is laminar - digested faster than semi-solid food, which is digested fasted than solid food - fed into the air stream either by siphon action or gravity - injected into the intestine, anus, bladder, or womb * is one of the four primary states of matter , with the others being solid , gas and plasma - most important states of matter - three primary states of matter, with the others being solid and gas - that which takes the shape of any container - the most common form at room temperature - theoretically a form by itself - turned into an odorless gel upon contact - used as a completion and packer fluid to seal well casings and displace drilling mud * lubricate eyes. * make bowel movements soft and bulky, so they pass more easily. * meet solids, interact ecstatically, and vow never to part again. - to fill the bottom of their container and gases occupy the entire container * moving through a pipe or hose creates static electricity. * occupy space. * only give off vapour as they approach their boiling point. * pass to the cecum as quickly as a few hours after ingestion. * plays key roles in pharma industries. * pool in the mouth while asleep. * prevent dehydration and keep the body supplied with vital salts and minerals. * provide an excellent medium for complex and subtle chemical reactions. * readily miscible in water. * replace body fluids lost through perspiration caused by fever. * rise and fall in different areas of the tank. * rooting hormone seems to be much more effective than powders. * soothe a scratchy throat, and keep postnasal drainage from making a sore throat worse. * starts to freeze where it meets air, such as at the top of a canteen or water bottle. * substance that is neither a solid nor a gas. * take on the shape of their container. * take the shape of the container it is in - container, and keep their volume * takes the shape of the container in which it is placed. * tend to pool in the mouth during sleep. * thermostable a -amylase. * travel best in plastic containers. * trigger reaction. * usually descend in three to five seconds, and solids in eight to twenty seconds. * wash the air and cleanse it of bacteria, microbes, and other unhealthful contaminants. * work best on oily soils and for pretreating soils and stains. + Evaporation: Chemistry * Evaporation' is a type of phase change in which matter changes from a liquid to a gas. Some liquids evaporate more quickly than others. + Filter, In chemistry * The simplest filter is the kind called filter paper. Liquids can pass through the paper. Solid particles are stopped. * A 'liquid' is a form of matter. It is settled between solid and gas. Liquid has an almost-fixed volume, but no set shape. + Gas compressor: Engineering * As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible, so the main action of a pump is to transport liquids. + International Space Station, Life in space: Space stations * Liquids ruin electric equipment, so astronauts have to be very careful in space. They drink by sucking water out of a bag, or from a tube stuck to the wall. They can not put their food on plates because it would just float right off, so they put it in pouches and eat from the pouches. The food is usually dried, because crumbs are very messy things that can ruin the equipment. + Matter, States of matter + Solid: States of matter * When a solid becomes a liquid, this is called melting. Liquids become solid by freezing. Some solids, like dry ice, can turn into gas without turning liquid first. This is called sublimation. + States of matter, Common States of Matter, Liquids * In a 'liquid', molecules are attracted to other molecules strong enough to keep molecules in contact, but not strong enough to fix a particular structure. The molecules can continually move with respect to each other. This means that liquids can flow smoothly, but not as smoothly as gases. Liquids will tend to take the shape of a container that they are in. Liquids are generally less dense than solids, but denser than gases.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Liquid substance * All liquid substances are said to have liquid state. * Some liquid substances become gases. ### substance \| liquid: Ammonium hydroxide * is nothing more than household ammonia. * volatile electrolyte solution. Antifreeze * Most antifreeze contains ethylene glycol and nitrites, which are poisonous and flammable - the poisonous chemical ethylene glycol * Some antifreeze is composed of propylene glycol because it is less toxic to humans and animals - leads to ingestion * is located in garages. * provides corrosion protection. * provides excellent corrosion protection ### substance \| liquid \| antifreeze: Glycol * Most glycols deteriorate at very high temperatures. * are compounds that have two hydroxyl groups present in each molecule - organic compounds * have two hydroxyl groups in their molecules and so are dihydric. * is antifreeze Chlorine liquid * burns the skin. * is corrosive to the eyes, mucous membranes and skin.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| liquid: Cholesterol * Can donate if on dit control. * Most cholesterol contains cholesterol - finds in food * Most cholesterol has effects - functions - moderate effects - opposite effects * Most cholesterol is made in the liver, at night while a person is sleeping - synthesized in livers - transported in the bloodstream as part of low-density lipoproteins * Some cholesterol accumulates in veins - affects baboons - also comes from foods high in cholesterol, such as eggs - blocks cholesterol absorption * Some cholesterol causes diseases - heart diseases * Some cholesterol finds in egg yolks - milk - powder milk * Some cholesterol helps prevent diseases * Some cholesterol is excreted by livers - necessary to maintain cell membranes and other aspects of health - needed for cells to function - leads to blockage - lowering drugs can provoke or worsen psoriasis * accumulates in hamster livers * acts to stabilize the membrane. * also affects fluidity - assists in the absorption of essential fatty acids - building block in the formation of certain types of hormones - fulfills other functions - helps the body make steroid hormones and bile acids - looks very different than triglyceride * also plays an important role in digestion - integral part in memory formation and neurological function - stabilizes a cell against temperature changes * appears to be a usual precursor for steroidal saponins. * assists hedgehog proteins in attaching to specific cell membranes. * attaches itself to fiber and is carried out of the body with solid waste matter. * becomes a problem only when it is oxidized. * belongs to a group of compounds known as lipoproteins. * blood fat or lipid. * builds up in the blood - up, blood pressure increases and the immune system is weakened * can affect the brain as well as cell membranes and cell communication. * can also create problems - flip easily from one side of the bilayer to the other * can be a direct cause of coronary heart disease - downright confusing - become a risk to health, however, when there is more in the body than is needed - begin damaging blood vessels in childhood and adolescence - build up on the insides of blood vessel walls - come from mom - hinder the repair process - play a critical role in a person's health - start damaging blood vessels in childhood and adolescence * causes a range of diseases in adults - deposits to form inside blood vessels - more rigidity at membrane face, less rigidity in membrane core - plaque * clogs arteries. * comes from a variety of sources - animal fat - animals products, meat, eggs, and milk - saturated fats - two sources * complex fatty substance found in every living cell. * component of cell membranes in animals and can be modified to form sex hormones. * contributes to the fatty deposits in atherosclerosis. * contributing factor. * counts for everyone. * crystalline substance that is classified as a steroid. * decreases the permeability of the bilayer to small water-soluble molecules. * different form of fat found in animal tissues only. * does both good and bad things for the body - many important jobs in a cell - serve a useful purpose * enhances the barrier properties , and prevents fatty acid chain crystallization. * even has a purpose. * exists either as a free molecule or as an esterified molecule in cells - in different forms and amounts that have a big impact on heart attack risk * factor in heart disease and other disorders when in dietary excess. * fat found in a variety of foods of animal origin - only in animal products * fat like substance found in animal and dairy facts and egg yolks - and dairy fats and egg yolks - like, odorless, tasteless substance, produced by the body * fat-like nutrient used by the body to help make hormones and build cell walls - substance called a lipid that is found in all body cells * fat-like substance found in all animal cells, human and otherwise - animal products such as meat and eggs - every living cell in the body * fat-like substance found only in animal products - in the blood that contributes to atherosclerosis - present in body tissues and in the blood * fat-like substance that is found in everyone's body - needed to build cells and manufacture hormones - that's found in everyone's living tissue - waxy substance * fat-like, waxy substance found in foods of animal origin, such as meat. * fatlike substance in the blood. * fatty chemical that part of the outer lining of cells in the body - which is part of the outer lining of cells in the body * fatty substance found in animal tissues - body cells of humans and animals - only in foods of animal origin - made by all animals and so is found in meat, eggs, milk and fish - produced by the liver that assists in the body's functioning * fatty substance that forms deposits in the blood vessel - is used by the body - looks like smashed wax - used in the formation of cells - substance, but it has no calories * fatty, plaque-like substance that can be found in the blood stream - wax-like substance found in all body cells * form of lipid. * forms a basic part of all our cells. - many important functions in the body - several uses, one is for the manufacture of vitamin D - too many ifs, ands and buts to be the cause of heart disease - two main functions in the body - widespread functions essential to life and a certain amount is needed in a diet * helps form cell membranes and protect the nervous system and produces certain hormones - membranes, protect the nervous system and produce certain hormones * hydrophobic molecule and quite insoluble in water. * is actually a complex form of alcohol * is also a lipid that shares a similar structure with many hormones - precursor to adrenal gland hormones and sex hormones - steroid made in our body and forms part of the cell membrane * is also an example of a naturally occurring steroid - important component of cell membranes - necessary for the normal permeability and function of cell membranes - packaged in high-density lipoproteins, or HDLs - present in certain foods, such as egg yolk, liver, and shellfish - the precursor from which the body synthesizes vitamin D * is also the precursor of the bile acids - steroid hormones in animals - vitally important for several of the normal processes in the body - an element from which many of our hormones are made * is an essential body chemical - component in cell membranes * is an essential component of all animal cells - compound produced by the liver - ingredient for maintaining the integrity of all mammalian cells - part of body cells * is an essential substance for our body system - needed for life - important and necessary chemical in the body * is an important component in cell membranes, increasing the flexibility of the membrane - lipid involved in metabolism, cell function, and structure - member of the cholestane series of steroids - normal constituent of the body * is an important steroid formed by animals - found in all animal tissue - that part of some hormones * is an important sterol in animals - that the body uses - ingredient of bile, which is used in the digestion of certain foods - innocent bystander molecule in the saga of coronary disease * is an integral part of all cells - of our tissues - odorless soft waxy substance - odorless, fat-like substance that key part of cell membranes and hormones - odourless, waxy, fat-like substance of animal origin - oil that consist of complex series of rings - another area which often concerns consumers * is another commonly noted problem among the overweight and people with poor diets - amoung the overweight and people with poor diets - key factor in the development of heart disease - lipid component of animal cell membranes - type of fat found in egg yolks - associated with heart disease and peripheral vascular disease * is carried by proteins in the body in the form of lipoproteins - the blood and forms deposits on the arterial walls of the heart * is carried in the blood by proteins - substances called lipoproteins - from place to place on special particles called lipoproteins - body by lipoproteins - through our bloodstream in vehicles called lipoproteins - chemical compounds - consider bad but it is the precursor to all sex hormones - contained only in animal food - created in the livers of animals, and is found only in foods that come from animals - crucial for the body, which uses it to make cell membranes - derived from the diet and from de novo synthesis in the liver - essential for animal life * is essential for the brain and nervous system - production of steroid hormones, vitamin D and bile * is essential to body functions - good health because it's a component of cellular membranes - life, a primary component of the membrane that surrounds every cell - excreted more rapidly by the liver and bladder with more exercise - explained in plain language, as is coronary disease and reversal * is fat like material present in the blood and in most tissues of our body - substance found in animal fats, oils and some tissues of the human body - formed from multi-ring structures * is found ONLY in animal products, like meats, eggs, milk and cheeses - especially in animal fats * is found in a wide range of foods, from eggs and red meat to shellfish - all meats and dairy products * is found in animal products and has nothing to do with the fat content of food - sources and is also produced by the liver - blood, muscle, liver, brain and other tissues * is found in cell membranes of animal foods - membranes, as well - certain foods and is also produced by the body - dairy products, eggs, and meats - eggs, dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, and shellfish - every cell in the body and is an essential component of cell membranes * is found in foods rich in animal fat - such as beef, pork, poultry, dairy products, and egg yolks - liver, egg yolks, shrimp, lobster and caviar * is found in meat, chicken, fish, diary products and eggs - poultry, seafood and dairy products - phospholipid bilayers - red meat, seafood, poultry, and dairy products - the muscle of animal products - mainly in foods that come from animals - naturally in the brain, nerves, liver, blood, and bile * is found only in animal products, like meat, egg yolks, cheese and some shellfish - like real butter and the fat on meats - such as meat, eggs, and butter - such as meats, poultry, dairy products, and egg yolks - foods from animals such as beef, dairy, poultry and seafood * is found only in foods of animal origin, such as meats, cheeses and eggs - living, moving creatures - solely in animal sources such as meat, eggs, and dairy products - with the fat in milk and in the tissue of meat - great for a growing brain * is important in normal development of children younger than two years old - producing vitamin D, essential to the metabolism and cell formation - in fatty, greasy foods like whole milk, butter, eggs and meat - included in lipid profiles - increased by smoking and also from the use of animal fat - insoluble and is transported by special blood proteins, called lipoproteins * is insoluble in water, and precipitation from bile at first appears unavoidable - just one type of blood fat - largely hydrophobic, but has one polar group, a hydroxyl , making it amphipathic - lowered by fenugreek gum, guar gum or locust-bean gum in rats - made by healthy livers of all animals * is made by the body and is also present in food - liver and is found in every cell in the body - from fats in the diet - in excess amounts by the liver if insulin levels are too high * is made in the body, mostly in the liver, and has many important functions in the body - liver and obtained from animal products in the diet * is made in the liver of all animals and is used for hormone production - animals and is found only in animal foods - only by animals - up of a number of components - manufactured by the liver and is found in every cell in the body - measured through blood analysis - natural and essential and is found in all animals, including humans * is necessary for life and is part of every cell - our survival * is necessary for the body to make Vitamin D and certain hormones - making of vitamin D on the surface of the skin - to make hormones, vitamin D and bile * is needed by the body in some quantity - for normal body function, but too much can lead to cardiovascular disease * is one member of a large family of chemical compounds known as lipids - of a number of lipids found in human blood and certain tissues * is one of the body's ways of transporting fat - building blocks that the body uses to make certain hormones - fats called lipids that are found in the bloodstream - type of sterols * is only one risk factor for heart disease or stroke - present in foods from animals * is part of every cell in the body and has many important functions - the structure of all lipoproteins * is present in all animal products - inside every human body * is produced by the liver and is an essential component of every cell - is essential for life - in animals that metabolize foods using oxygen - pure and safe for arteries - removed from peripheral tissues or blood circulation by transport using a. glycogen * is required for the formation of bile acids, which are needed for fat digestion - to produce stable cell membranes - soluble in fats, that is, it dissolves in fat - sometimes present in the plasma membranes of animal cells * is synthesized in the body by a chemical process that requires several enzymes to help - liver and is found in almost all body tissues - taken out of the blood to form more bile acids - tested with a blood sample and measured in milligrams per deciliter * is the building block for all hormones, and it's present in all body tissues - sex steroid hormones - fat that is found in atherosclerotic plaque - firs step in a complex process * is the main cause for such a widespread illness as atherosclerosis - dietary requirement determining serum cholesterol level - fatty particle that adheres to the interior lining of the blood vessels * is the major carrier hormone of testosterone and estrogen - component of the plaque found in arteries - normal way fat is carried in the bloodstream * is the one most people hear about - nutrient looked with a great suspicion by common man - primary animal fat sterol and is only found in vegetable oils in trace amounts - principal sterol of animal products - raw material for synthesis of all steroid hormones * is the starting material for the synthesis of many important compounds in the body - from which the androgenic hormone Testosterone is made - totally essential for life * is transported around the body by carrier molecules called lipoproteins - in the blood as a lipoprotein * is transported in the blood by carrier particles - molecules known as lipoproteins - plasma by lipoproteins - plasma bound to proteins called lipoproteins - to various proteins - two forms - free cholesterol and esterified cholesterol * is used by cells to build membranes, used in sex hormones, and for digestion - for cellular functions and the production of hormones * is used in a multitude of pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations - the insulating membranes that cover our nerve systems * is used to make bile and upon digestion of food bile is released - essential body substances, such as cell walls and hormones - synthesize cell membranes, sex hormones, and some vitamins - usually in the walls of cells - very important in the development of a baby * is vital to all our cells - life and is found in all cell membranes - waxy and odorless * keeps membranes from solidifying in cold temperatures. * leading indicator of risk for heart disease. * leads to heart disease and premature death. * lipid molecule. * lipoprotein -a fatty substance in the blood that is coated with protein. * lowering drugs can help some patients - in older adults can enhance both the quality and length of life - itself is safe, as is the diet used to lower cholesterol - therapies are available which act via several different mechanisms - using statins is effective at reducing CHD mortality and morbidity * main component of bile acids - part of the fatty build-up in arteries * major component of bile and is the main constituent of gallstones - contributing factor in heart disease and heart attacks - contributor to risk of cardiovascular disease - risk factor for coronary heart disease - sterol important in human nutrition * makes up an important part of cell membrane. * marker for cardiovascular risk, but has many forms in blood. * member of the lipid family. * modulates alpha-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. * moves through the bloodstream to the cells in special packages called lipoproteins. * natural waxy substance made by the body. * naturally occurring in the liver - occurs in foods made from animals such as meat, eggs and cheese - rises with age * necessary component of biological membranes - the body in proper amounts * normal component of cell membranes - part of all body tissue, and is essential for life * occurs naturally in the bodies of all mammals - body, but is taken in the diet in foods rich in animal fats * only comes from animal foods - occurs in animal products * pearly, fatlike substance. * performs several functions in the body, but in excess amounts can be harmful. * piles up at blood vessels that has bad blood circulation. * plays a key role in the embryonic stage of organ development - an important role in membrane formation - several vital roles in the body * precursor for many important molecules - of other steroids, including aldosterone and sex hormones * predominates in derived bilaterians, whereas ergosterol is what generally defines fungi. * primary component of animal fat and, by extension, dairy products. * probably kills more people than cocaine. * relates to coronary heart disease risk. * remains very important. * rigid molecule that helps stabilize the membranes of animal cells. * risk factor for heart disease as is smoking, high blood pressure and diabetes - that can be controlled * serves several important functions in the body, and is also made by the body. * soft, fat-like substance found in the bloodstream - body's cells - waxy substance that can cause clogged, or blocked, arteries - waxy-like substance found in each cell of the body * soft, white, tasteless, waxy material found in all of our body's cells - waxy substance found in the bloodstream * special type of lipid that is called a steroid. * sterol manufactured and needed by the human body. * substance found in animal products, such as meat, eggs, and dairy products - cells, produced by the body and also found in food from animals - naturally produced by the body - that is made by the body and used for many important functions * tasteless, odorless, white fatty alcohol found in the cells of humans and animals. * travels in the blood in packages called lipoproteins - stream in many different forms * travels through the blood in protein packages called lipoproteins - bloodstream to the body's cells - body in the blood stream packaged with protein - to the body's cells through the bloodstream * type of fat or lipid produced by the body * type of fat that is essential for the body in small amounts - known to contribute to heart disease - fat, or lipid, manufactured by the body in the liver - lipid, just as fats are * vital part of the body, a soft, waxy substance found among the fats in every cell. * waxy fat and blood is primarily water - natural substance manufactured by the body's cells and membranes * waxy substance found in all animal tissues - many parts of the body - two places - mostly in the fatty foods that come from animals * waxy substance found throughout our bodies and produced in the liver - known as a lipid that is found in all humans - made naturally in the body - present throughout the body and necessary for normal function * waxy substance produced by our body - the liver and found in foods of animal origin * waxy substance that is used for many body processes - occurs naturally in all parts of the body - substance, similar in appearance to fat * waxy, fat like substance that is found in all tissues. * waxy, fat-like compound that belongs to a class of molecules called steroids - substance carried in the blood * waxy, fat-like substance found in all human and animal tissues - every cell of the body * waxy, fat-like substance made by the liver found in every cell in the body - liver or found in certain foods - needed for important functions in the body * waxy, fat-like substance that is found in the cell wall of all animals - travels through the bloodstream - white substance that is classified as a fat, and is essential to life * well-known and much discussed sterol, but with a major difference. * white, waxy, fat-like substance that is part of every cell in our body. + Hypercholesterolemia, Cholesterol: Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system :: Diseases * Cholesterol is a molecule in cells. It is a type of lipid which is a fat or fat-like molecule. Cholesterol is a special type of lipid that is called a steroid. Steroids are lipids that have a special chemical structure. This structure is made of four rings of carbon atoms - What does it do? * Cholesterol does many important jobs in a cell. Cholesterols main function is as a structural component of cell membranes. It is also the starting material for bile acids that are made by the liver and used to digest fats, and for steroid hormones. However, it is best known for something bad that it does. High levels of cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis. This is an inflammatory disease of artery walls in which white blood cells invade the vessel wall and become engorged with cholesterol and other lipids. * Cholesterol' is a molecule that is found in animal cells and body fluids. Cholesterol is not found in plant sources. It is a type of lipid which is a fat or fat-like molecule. Cholesterol is a soft waxy substance. Cholesterol is a special type of lipid that is called a steroid. Steroids are lipids that have a special chemical structure. This structure is made of four rings of carbon atoms. Cholesterol is found especially in animal fats - Where does it come from? * Cholesterol is usually in the walls of cells. It is 'only' in animals. Plants do not synthesize cholesterol. So the cholesterol in the food people eat can only come from eating food from animals. But even vegans who eat 'only' plant foods can have cholesterol. This is because 'most' of the cholesterol that is in our bodies is synthesized 'by' our bodies	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| liquid \| cholesterol: Blood cholesterol * Most blood cholesterol is made by the liver. * Some blood cholesterol causes diseases * fatty substance found in the blood. * is made mainly by the liver and is needed for our bodies to function properly - very serious and can lead to heart attacks, kidney failure, and strokes * waxy substance that occurs naturally in the body - substance, which occurs naturally in our body * white, waxy substance which occurs naturally in our body.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| liquid \| cholesterol: Dietary cholesterol * can raise blood cholesterol levels, especially in high-risk people. * has a weaker effect of blood cholesterol levels. * is found in all foods of animal origin such as meats and dairy products - food of animal origin * is found in foods from animals including dairy products, meat, poultry and fish - of animal origin and in some fruits and vegetables - that come from animal sources * is found only in animal foods such as meat, fish, poultry and dairy products - food of animal origin, such as meat, dairy and eggs * is found only in foods of animal origin - that come from animals - meats, poultry, eggs, seafood and dairy products - measured in milligrams - transported from the small intestine to the liver within chylomicrons * raises the blood cholesterol in only about one-third of the American public. * takes time to be absorbed and therefore is susceptible to disruption. * tends to increase blood cholesterol levels. * waxy, fat-like substance found in foods that come from animals. Elevated cholesterol * continues to be a big problem. * is another symptom - associated with an increasing risk of coronary heart disease * known factor in heart disease. Excess cholesterol * causes deposits to form inside blood vessels. * is deposited in the artery walls as it travels through the bloodstream - esterified and stored - solubilized in micelles and in vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers * major contributor to artery-clogging plaque. * occurs in patients who either produce too much or fail to metabolize cholesterol. Excessive cholesterol * contributes to atherosclerosis and subsequent heart disease. * leading cause of heart attacks in North America. Good cholesterol * Some good cholesterol helps prevent diseases - heart diseases * keeps arteries free of cholesterol deposits.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| liquid \| cholesterol: High cholesterol * Some high cholesterol causes diseases * can also cause heart problems. * can be a a symptom for a deeper problem, such as obesity or atherosclerosis - cause of heart attack and stroke - begin in childhood with poor eating habits and lack of exercise - cause cramps, chest pain, heart attacks and strokes - impair circulation to inflamed or swollen joints - lead to heart problems * can run in families, for example, due to genetic factors * causes hardening of the arteries - sticky substances, called plaques, to be deposited on artery walls * clogs arteries. * contributes to heart disease and heart attack - the build-up of plaque in the artery walls * has no symptoms - warning signs * increases risk of heart disease in young men. * increases the risk of coronary heart disease * is an excessive level of cholesterol in the blood - important risk factor for heart disease - associated with cardiovascular disease - common after a kidney transplant * is linked to blockage of arteries and heart attacks - strokes, hardening of the arteries, and heart attacks - one factor in atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and heart attacks * is one of the five major risk factors of heart disease - main causes of heart disease and heart attacks - the leading cause of heart disease - thought to be a risk factor for stroke - treatable through diet, exercise, and medication * is, of course, a scientifically documented risk factor for heart disease. * known risk for diabetes patients. * leading risk factor for heart disease. * leads to plaque on artery walls. * major risk factor for heart disease. * needs to be controlled first by diet. * risk factor for people with heart disease * runs in families - our family<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| liquid \| cholesterol: Liquid crystal * Many liquid crystals are simple polymeric organic compounds. * Some liquid crystal reacts to heat. * Some liquid crystals change color when their temperature changes - exhibit what are known as re-entrant phases , as shown on the diagram below * act like shutters in display screens. * appear to be the material of choice for flat panel displays. * are a state of matter, just like the better-known states of liquid, solid and gas - order between crystals and liquids - an important component of living systems - another example * are states of matter intermediate between normal crystals and normal liquids - normal liquids and normal crystals - unique systems where topological structures are accessible for detailed studies * attach themselves to the carbon atoms and are aligned. * change color with temperature in the visible region. * consist of elongated and rigid molecules. * exhibit an array of topological defects, such as strings and monopoles. * lack the full three dimensional position and orientation order of ordinary crystals. * make fine optical switches. * provide their own temperature indicator. * reacts predictably when electrically stimulated. * rotate the light so that it fits through the filter. Plasma cholesterol * continues to be of concern for many people in the United States today. * is lowered by estrogens which are protective against atherosclerotic disease. Total cholesterol * is broken down into different categories. * marker of risk for coronary heart disease. Clear liquid * tend to be easiest to swallow and digest. * turn blue, while darker liquids become cloudy and a precipitate forms on the surface. Combustible liquid * are more hazardous than flammable liquids. * is released if containers rupture or explode under fire conditions.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| liquid: Different liquid * can have different densities. * evaporate at different temperatures. * expand by different amounts. * have different densities , which means that some liquids are heavier than others - freezing points + Evaporation: Chemistry * Different liquids evaporate at different temperatures. For example, aluminum evaporates at 87 degrees Celsius. When water is evaporating, it transforms into a gas called water vapor. The reverse of evaporation is condensation.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| liquid: Ethanol * Most ethanols come from renewable sources * acts as a drug affecting the central nervous system - directly as a flavour compound, providing beer with warming and vinous notes * also costs about twice as much as diesel fuel. * also has a place in modern society too - the equally important value of reducing greenhouse gas emissions - is exceedingly corrosive, causing handling and storage challenges - results in reduced greenhouse gas emissions compared to petroleum-based alternatives * appears to affect various neurotransmitters. * are alcohol - chemical compounds * biomass energy, meaning it is made from organic material, such as corn. * blocks alcohol dehydrogenase activity. * by-product of fermentation by yeast. * byproduct of the metabolic process of yeast. * can also be extremely toxic to parrots - form esters with inorganic acids * can also help lower mobile-source carbon monoxide emissions - reduce our growing dependence on gasoline made from foreign oil - reduce carbon dioxide, a major contributor to global warming - require considerable energy to produce and requires significant land - cause excessive fatigue and reduces the strength and stamina which takes away ambition - contribute to energy and environmental goals - either be mixed with gasoline to yield gasohol or be turned into gin - loosen contaminants and residues that have been deposited by previous gasoline fills * cleaner burning fuel than gasoline, making it the focus of emissions testing - fuel than gasoline and renewable energy source * colorless, odorless hydrocarbon that is both water and lipid-soluble. * colourless liquid at room temperature. * comes from corn. * competes with alcohol dehydrogenase to prevent the formation of the toxic metabolites. * contains NO sulphur - about one-third less energy per gallon than gasoline - moderate concentrations of sulphur, thus it negatively impacts the environment - oxygen, which provides a cleaner and more efficient burn of the fuel * corn based alternative fuel. * corn-based fuel that is clean and good for car engines and also cheaper - gasoline substitute * costs almost twice as much as regular gasoline to produce yet creates less power. * costs more to make than gasoline - manufacture and evaporates more quickly * creates American jobs. * currently accounts for the largest industrial use of U.S. corn. * decreases elimination of abacavir, resulting in a modest increase in drug exposure. * depresses neuronal excitability. * detergent and has the ability to absorb water. * domestic, renewable fuel that is used as a high-quality octane enhancer. * domestically produced, renewable fuel. * down regulates the transcription of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene. * dramatically reduces carbon monoxide, one of the ozone-forming chemicals. * enhances the behavioral effects of cocaine at very low doses - hemodynamic effects of felodipine * exacerbates behavioral and neurochemical effects of rat spinal cord trauma. * extracts the chlorophyll. * form of alcohol that can be burned in engines just like gasoline - alcohol, derived from corn, which can be mixedwith gasoline and used for fuel - liquid fuel produced from grains, wood or other vegetation * fuel derived from corn - made of corn - with future vision * gasoline additive that reduces air pollution. * grain alcohol - based alcohol and methanol is ether based * has a slight fruity odour - an additive effect on psychomotor performance when given with zolpidem - detrimental effects on visual behavior - less energy content than gasoline - many potential benefits - no profitable value on the free market - several effects on the heart - the greatest near term potential, especially in terms of volume * helps keep the air clean and supporting it is good environmental policy - our farmers and makes our air cleaner - prevent wintertime problems by acting as a gas-line antifreeze - to reduce CO tailpipe emissions from older vehicles * improves air quality because it lowers toxic pollutants in vehicle exhausts - while protecting water quality * increases hepatocyte water volume - oxygen consumption in normal subjects and to a greater extent in alcoholics - the energy value of gasoline and helps it to burn more cleanly * inhibits a specific nucleoside uptake system - basal and flow -induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration in vitro - human sperm motility, mouse in vitro fertilization and embryo growth in vitro - production of messenger ribonucleic acid for k -chain in stimulated B lymphocytes - the intestinal transport of biotin and decreases plasma levels * interferes with carbohydrate energy metabolism. * is added to gasoline to reduce vehicle tailpipe emissions that contribute to air pollution. * is alcohol - made from plants and grain * is also a great deal price-wise - liquid alcohol fuel that is manufactured mainly from corn - an effective tool for reducing air toxics - flammable - good for rural areas * is an alcohol and has an -OH group - commonly used in automobiles as a gasoline replacement * is an alcohol produced from agricultural products, such as sugar cane or corn - starch and sugar crops - product produced from the starch portion of a kernel of corn - alcohol, the same found in beer and wine - alternative fuel made from corn, which burns more cleanly than oil - alternative, renewable source for fuels - antidote for methanol toxicity in humans - essential component of agriculture in Illinois - excellent fuel that integrates with current transportation systems - important part of the reformulated gasoline program in the country - oxygenate which causes gasoline to burn cleaner * is an oxygenate, a chemical that adds oxygen to fuel to make it burn more cleanly - substance that adds oxygen to gasoline to make it burn more cleanly - meaning that it adds oxygen to the fuel mixture - another transportation fuel - available for use in vehicles today - banned throughout the United States thanks to, of all things, a Constitutional amendment - blended with gasoline to make it burn cleaner - classified as a teratogen - completely miscible in water - corrosive, and can damage pipelines - dangerous partly because it is weak - denatured with methanol * is derived from corn and is used an additive in gasoline - plant cellulose - ethyl alcohol - extremely important to corn growers throughout the state - flammable, so keep it away from open flames * is found in a variety of commonly used products from libations to gasoline - many prescription medications as a solvent - generally good as a washing solution, except that isopropanol is cheaper * is good for America's energy independence from foreign sources of oil - independence from foreign oil - consumers, farmers, taxpayers, energy security and the environment * is good for farmers and city dwellers - jobs in rural America * is good for the environment, for the economy of rural America and for energy independence - high in octane and oxygen content - high-grade alcohol that is usually derived from corn or wheat * is just one type of alcohol, but it's the only one that can be safely consumed by humans - part of a very complex bio-based production and utilization system * is known to destroy lipid-enveloped viruses - readily biodegrade under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions - less volatile than gasoline, so the engine can be difficult to start when cold - listed as being redundantly diluted in alcohol * is made by fermentation of sugar or by hydration of ethene - fermenting sugars produced from corn starch - gut bacteria and is metabolized by the body by the ethanolase enzyme - from a variety of plant substances - corn, sugar cane, even some kinds of wood * is made from corn, a renewable resource, and a crop grown in abundance in Ohio - sorghum and other renewable resources - cornstarch, and the United States can produce as much as is needed - domestic agricultural crops, including corn - grain or similar farm products - grains better utilized as food - grains, such as corn, wheat and barley - primarily from grains or other renewable agricultural and agroforestry feedstocks - miscible with water and therefore serves to remove residual aqueous solution - mixed with gasoline, putting more oxygen into the fuel to make it burn cleaner * is more difficult to ignite than gasoline, especially in cold temperatures - than just an automotive fuel additive - obtained from distillation of wheat, sugar or bio mass * is often a good substitute for gasoline in times when the supply of crude oil is low - the best fixative to use in order to demonstrate keratins * is one form of renewable energy that is becoming widely used - of the most environmentally friendly fuels available - product that helps America's farmers and aids in making our air cleaner - our nation's largest renewable energy industry - oxidized from the liquid , resulting in vinegar - polar and in many ways very much like water and forms strong hydrogen bonds with water - prepared by fermentation of molasses * is produced by a process known as fermentation - hydration of ethylene or fermentation of sugars - the action of yeast as a waste product of anaerobic respiration - yeast as it digests sugars * is produced from Australian sugarcane waste and fully renewable fuel source - agriculture grains and boost to farmers * is produced from corn and is much more expensive than fuel from petroleum - widely used as a gasoline additive in the Midwest - mainly from corn and is usually used as a fuel in conjunction with petrol - through the fermentation of starch, such as in corn or biomass * is regarded as a substance with good warning properties - one of the safest industrial solvents - reported to lower tailpipe emissions - said to burn more cleanly than gasoline, but it can also corrode some engine parts - shown to enhance oxidative stress and increase the production of reactive oxygen species - sold as a gasoline additive and used to produce biodiesel, an alternative fuel - taxed lower than conventional fuels * is the alcohol found in intoxicating beverages - in beer, wine, and other drinks - present in alcoholic beverages * is the alcohol that is consumed - in the beer, wine and cocktails that many drink - better stabiliser - biggest success story in the value-added agriculture movement - key, whether in the form of beer, wine, or spirits - main component of alcoholic beverages such as rum, whisky and beer * is the most efficient extraction solvent and it also helps to preserve the herb potency - widely used biofuel today - nation's head start into the bio-based economy of the future * is the only component of gasoline that is grown and manufactured in Minnesota and Iowa - liquid transportation fuel that reduces green house gas emissions from cars - one made from agricultural products such as grain or sugarcane molasses - oxygenate of choice used during the state's winter oxygenated fuels program - preferred fuel for fuel cell powerplants - present and the future - second most used oxygenate in gasoline blending - solution to imported oil, and to the problems of the family farm - type of alcohol in beer, wine and spirits - touted as cleaner than gasoline - transported to California by either rail or water * is used as a clean burning fuel and can be a petroleum additive - solvent in perfume, hair spray, dishwashing liquid and laundry detergent - substitute for fuels in vehicles that are environmentally friendly * is used as an automotive fuel by itself and can be mixed with gasoline to form gasohol - organic solvent - fuel in some combustible engines - in antifreeze a mixture for radiators in cars - both as a gasoline oxygenate and as a fuel * is used for making spirit levels - thermometer that is used for measuring low temperatures - manufacturing of paints, dyes, varnishes - preparation of compounds such as chloroform and ether * is used in spirit lamps - unleaded gasoline and as a by-product for cattle feed - to increase octane and improve the emissions quality of gasoline * is very flammable and burns with a pale blue flame - popular in Iowa, the initial presidential caucus state, because it's made from corn - vitally important to South Dakota - warranted by every automobile manufacturer in the world, and is safe for all engines * liquid alcohol that can be made from corn, grains or agricultural waste. * major factor underlying cancer morbidity. * makes occipital responses symmetrical. * member of the Alkane acids. * national security issue. * neutral solution and shows negative results for all acid tests. * non-electrolyte, for example. * nonselective central nervous system depressant. * plays three major roles in today's economy and environment. * precipitate the DNA and resuspend to a convenient concentration - to remove inhibitors - with ammonium acetate * produces less harmful emissions, improving air quality - lower emissions of ozone-forming compounds and toxic air pollutants - minimal pollution and significantly reduces harmful exhaust emissions * promotes neuronal survival while it is acetaldehyde that is neurotoxic. * proven, safe and effective oxygenate for gasoline. * provides a vital value-added market for corn and other commodities - better water tolerance than methanol - for fewer emissions and less pollution - numerous environmental benefits as well - value-added markets to bolster agriculture and rural America * qualifies as an alternative fuel. * reacts with ethanoic acid to give ethyl ethanoate which is an ester. * really reduces the amount of carbon monoxide coming from the tailpipe. * reduces climate-altering greenhouse gases - the demand for gasoline - toxic emissions and greenhouse causing gases - water and air pollution, as well as our dependence on oil from the Middle East * regulates such a disruption in retinoic acid synthesis and result in teratogenic effects. * remains the only other oxygenate available in commercial quantities. * renewable fuel produced primarily from corn and grain sorghum. * renewable resource that is produced when corn is fermented - unlike fossil fuels, which have a finite supply * renewable, clean burning motor fuel. * represents a renewable, home-grown means of reducing dependence on imported crude oil. * represents our third largest corn market, and demand for ethanol helps boost corn prices * significant environmental agent that causes birth defects in humans. * stretches our fuel reserves and diminishes our dependence on foreign oil. * suppresses the activity and differentiation of osteoblasts - induction of long-term potentiation in vivo * toxic, flammable liquid. * type of alcohol made by fermenting plant material, such as starch and sugar crops * typically adds three octane numbers when blended with gasoline. * use in gasoline. * used in fuel cells is superior to methanol and hydrogen on an economic and technical basis - transportation applications reduces oil dependence and results in lower emissions * versatile liquid fuel and can easily be utilized within the existing infrastructure. * very high octane fuel, replacing lead as an octane enhancer in gasoline - misunderstood alternative fuel - special and widely used substance * volatile , flammable , colorless liquid with a slight chemical odor. * volatile, colorless liquid that has a slight odor. + Vinegar: Condiments * It can be made from wine or other liquids containing alcohol, like cider or fermented fruit juices. Ethanol is oxidized from the liquid, resulting in vinegar.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| liquid \| ethanol: Acute ethanol * induces endothelial dependent carotid artery constriction. * inhibits muscarinic hippocampal neurons. Brazilian ethanol * is produced from sugar cane and noted for high carbon sequestration. + Gasoline, Usage and pricing, Brazil: Fuel :: Hydrocarbons * Brazil has the largest national fuel ethanol industry. Brazilian ethanol is produced from sugar cane and noted for high carbon sequestration. Flammable liquid * Most flammable liquids are lighter than water - vaporize readily leading to high concentrations in air * Some flammable liquids are hazardous wastes. * Store all flammable liquids away from equipment and appliances. * are the main hazard most commonly found in the laboratory - most common accelerants * present a fire hazard at or below room temperature. Hot liquid * are less dense and therefore more buoyant than cold liquids - the leading cause of nonfatal burns * burn just like fire. * can badly burn an infant - cause life-threatening burn injuries * cause many scalding accidents. * has characteristic odour. * have larger volumes than cold liquids.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| liquid: Ink * Most ink carries pigment. * Most ink contains little solid matter - has color - inks are water soluble and can easily be washed off before it completely dries * Some ink absorbs light. * Some ink contains dioxide - titanium dioxide - inks are pigmented, some are water based. * ' liquid that is used to write, draw, print, or make marks. Ink is used in pens, in some computer printers, and in printing presses. In some countries, people write by using ink and brushes. People usually write or print using black ink, but ink can be any color * also affects the flatness of DVDs more than CDs - contain damaging acid * are a variable in process printing - of different types and colors, of course * are the most light-stable in the lithographic industry - same pigments as in oil paints, but in a paste-like medium instead of linseed oil - water soluble inks * can be more intense than pencil or chalk, etc - shine or shimmer, or lie flat and still - skin over- trap solvent in the ink, causing odor, picking on subsequent rollers - sometimes 'bleed' through * contain acids that can eat into a photograph. * cures at low integral light - fast and little odor remains after cure * dating The dating of inks is done in three primary forms. * dry immediately and remain water-fast. * drying takes place mainly by absorption, with a limited amount of oxidisation. * fixed to a physical surface is the basic condition or form of print. * flows evenly and smoothly on all materials, for a dense opacity. * frequently get their color from the metals or hazardous pigments they contain. * is delivered to cells and transferred to material - easier to read than pencil - faded in places, especially at the edges - hard to get off of cords, since it tends to soak into the plastic on the cord * is made by using oil to hold pigments and other compounds together - to show up under a a black ultraviolet light - on raised surface of a matrix - transferred from a plate to the printed surface by direct contact - to color the body and is applied in two or more coats * meets requirements. * pigmented liquid. * runs, leaches, and fades over time and is hard to erase and correct. * seem to be less tolerant of heat variation than toners. * simply reflect incident light. * stiffen up when too cold and age-up when too hot. * used on packaging are environmentally safe and contain no heavy metals or solvents. + Marker: Art :: Writing tools * A 'marker' is a writing device that allows a person to draw, write, or scribble. Ink comes out of the tip of the marker and onto the writing surface, commonly a piece of paper. Markers generally come in a variety of different colors.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| liquid \| ink: Black ink * is better for photocopying - made using carbon black - used for dating correspondence * works best in the image environment. Blue ink * Some blue inks respond to a treatment of strong ammonia water solution applied on a layer of cotton. * is used for corrections and deletions. Electronic ink * generates an image of a piece of paper that glows with letters like a neon sign. * is actually a liquid in which millions of tiny microcapsules have been placed - made up of millions of tiny microcapsules - three to six times brighter than reflective LCDs Liquid ink * interacts physically and chemically with the fibers of the receiving medium. * is absorbed into the paper. Metallic ink * add a vibrancy and luminosity to any image. * are especially brilliant in their shine. * contain tiny flakes of metal that reflect light. * work best on coated paper, which is more reflective. Soy ink * are the same price as regular petrochemical inks. * is essentially the same as plastisol. * prints more papers with less ink and results in reduced wasted paper. Liquid molding * is an important manufacturing technique for modern reinforced polymers. * quick, cost effective alternative to injection molding. Oily liquid * Some oily liquids are produced by glands. * Some oily liquids come out of anal glands * lubricate eyes. Organic liquid * Most organic liquids are flammable or combustible - toxic and flammable * are non-aqueous unless otherwise indicated. Pure liquid * have characteristic freezing points. * is colorless and odorless.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| liquid: Spill * Eliminate all sources of ignition. * are flow - slips * attract insects such as flies, ants and roaches. * can also occur when the fuel in a tank heats and expands, and is forced through the vent cap. * can cause permanent stains to materials and can damage or destroy computers - stains, damage computers and books, and attract pests - directly kill marine organisms through smothering, hypothermia or acute toxicity * can happen on land or in water, at any time of day or night, and in any weather conditions - the open seas, close to shores, or in lakes, streams and rivers - kill fish eggs and tiny ocean creatures that other animals feed on - often lead to hazardous situations and result in serious stormwater pollution * is one of the family poodles - used to pass fish over dams - water passed through a spillway at a dam rather than being sent through the turbines	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| liquid \| spill: Oil spill * All oil spills are events catastropic to the environment. * Many oil spills result in the fatalities of the water and land animals that live in that area. * account for only about five percent of the oil entering the oceans. * affect many species of plants and animals in the environment, as well as humans. * are a common occurrence at oil production fields and during transport - large cause of destruction to the many organisms that thrive in the mangroves - major issue mainly in Alaska, the Persian Gulf, and the Gulf of Mexico - result of human carelessness * are a serious problem in marine environments - threat to water environments * are also a great danger to penguins - large source of pollution in the oceans - major reason that killer whales are endangered - common during oil explorations and at the oil well drilling sites - deadly to loons - another major cause of marine pollution - disastrous for penguins and other sea birds * are environmental disasters, especially offshore spills - especially dangerous to sea otters - harmful to marine birds and mammals as well as fish and shellfish - just one of the ways that humans can have a harmful affect on bird populations * are one form of spectacularly harmful events - of the most visible concerns related to oil and gas development along our coasts - only the beginning when it comes to marine disasters - particularly dangerous to sea turtles - products of human mistakes and carelessness - some of the most challenging environmental disasters - the most visible and immediate sign of oil pollution - unavoidable and speak death for many aquatic animals and plants - yet another major threat to ocean resources * can also have devastating effects upon organisms above the surface - be lethal for penguins and other sea birds * can cause problems for wildlife - serious damage to fisheries and mariculture resources - skin irritations and rashes * can have long-term effects on killer whale populations - serious impacts - impact the entire food chain * can kill plants and animals and soil beaches - wildlife and significantly damage tundra ecosystems - lead to severe disruption for the tourist industry * cause short-term damage and marine creature kills. * continue to occur throughout the world. * degrade coastal ecosystems, killing wildlife and destroying fisheries. * do occur in freshwater but are usually more localised. * happen every single year. * have a devastating effect on sea otters - widespread impact on a host of interconnected species * have the most visible effects on shorelines, beaches, and various species of wildlife - potential to devastate many coastal wildlife populations, including terrapins * impose as yet unknown costs on the marine ecosystems they pollute. * kill fish, anphibians, birds, sea mammals, shellfish, and plant life - hundreds of thousands of birds a year or more - plants and animals by preventing respiration * occur by bad navigation and weather - every day, all over the world * pose a potentially serious threat to human health and the environment - an immediate threat to many types of organisms, particularly birds and mammals * present a localized threat to otter populations, especially in coastal areas. * result in both immediate and long term damage to the environment. * sare harmful to animals and the enviroment. * take a deadly blow on the fish, shellfish and any other marine life. * tend to make the news because of the large volume of oil that spills at one time. Sweet liquid * Many sweet liquids cause problems, including milk, formula and fruit juice. * Some sweet liquids are produced by aphids - consist of glucose * are taken more readily than water. Thick liquid * are easier to swallow than thin liquids. * have high viscosity, thin liquids have low viscosity.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance \| liquid: Viscous liquid * Most viscous liquids consist of water - contain nourishment * Some viscous liquids contain concentration. * require lower pump speeds Volatile liquid * are to be stored away from sources of heat or electrical spark and sunlight. * tend to vaporize locally as gear teeth spaces expand rapidly. ### substance \| lube: Dry lube * All dry lubes involve some sort of wax. * evaporate leaving a dry film.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| lube: Motor oil * Some motor oils contain such molecules, for example. * can be re-refined indefinitely, that is, it never wears out - cause sludge * contains toxic chemicals that are harmful to humans, pets, wildlife and fish. * has trace toxins which increase after use. * is composed of two basic ingredients, base oil and additives - extremely toxic - located in repair shops - lubricant - the lifeblood of the engine, which needs a transfusion on a regular basis - toxic to all animal and plant life * leaking from a car mixture of many different organic compounds and heavy metals. * seems to stay liquid even on the coldest days. Wet lube * are the more traditional of the chain lubes. * remain wet to the touch and protect better in wet conditions.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Lubricant * Most lubricants are necessary, to maintain a certain chemical balance, or there is corrosion - used with sexual intercourse have a toxic effect on the sperm * Use plenty of lube when fucking or fisting. * are generally spermicidal - the McGuffin - useful for women who experience vaginal dryness * can enhance sexual pleasure, relieve vaginal dryness and make condom use more enjoyable. * can increase pleasure for both men and women - sensation and comfort for both people enjoying sex - sexual stimulation - make condoms feel better by increasing the sensitivity * containing lavender, chamomile, and marjoram essential oils promote relaxation. * form a slippery film that prevents the peaks from welding together. * grease the stool and make it slip through the intestine more easily - enabling it to move through the intestine more easily * help to reduce both rolling and sliding friction. * is home to some of the most advanced lubricants and fuel treatments available today. * known as hydraulic fluid are used as the working fluid in hydrostatic power transmission. * make any kind of vaginal penetration more pleasurable. * promote a frictionless glide. * reduce the amount of friction between two surfaces that move against each other - coefficient of friction, and thus the force required to pull the cable - wear of costly injection system components * reduces the risk of the condom breaking. * tends to reduce gamma stability. * vital part of vaginal and anal sex. + Fisting: Sexual acts * Men also first other men for the challenge of taking not only the hand, but the wrist, forearm, upper arm as far as the armpit into their tracts. Some bars, clubs, and taverns teach fisting. In the bar or club, a sling is hung from the ceiling. Someone climbs into the sling either nude or in leather drag. A lot of lubricant must be used. Lubricant is usually available. Men prefer a simple 1 pound can of Crisco shortening. The instruction starts. Instructional videos and images can be viewed on the Internet. Before plunging into fisting, interested parties should seek instruction. Fisting can be dangerous. ### substance \| lubricant: Transmission fluid * has a viscosity, just like oil does. * is lubricant. Lymph * Most lymph contains materials - waste materials - is part of bodies * Some lymph fills ventricles - flows through nodes * Some lymph passes through lymph nodes - lymphatic vessels * flow from liver and thoracic duct. * flows through channels. * is humour	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Magma * All magma contains gases that escape as the magma travels to the Earth's surface. * More magma flows out at ground level and the temperature remains high over a longer period of time. * Most magma actually cools beneath Earth's surface. * Most magmas have viscosity - originate deep in the crust or upper mantle * Some magma intrudes parallel to layers to make sills - passes through dikes to feed vents - magmas are gas rich * are rocks. * forms as the plates separate, decreasing pressure on the mantle below - from melting rock * rises and pods above the metamorphic rocks - squeezes through the widening cracks, sometimes to erupt and form volcanoes * rises through a narrow, pipelike conduit from a magma reservoir lying beneath - the plate to supply volcanoes ### substance \| magma: Basaltic magma * are the least viscous and rhyolitic magmas the most viscous. * has a low viscosity whereas rhyolitic magma has a high viscosity. * have a relatively low amount of silica. * rises up the fractures and cools on the ocean floor to form new sea floor.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| magma: Felsic magma * is thick and has lots of a mineral called silica. + Magma: Volcanology * In volcanology, 'magma' is melted rock that is under the ground. It is like lava, which is melted rock above the ground. There are many types of magma. One is called felsic magma. Felsic magma is thick and has lots of a mineral called silica. It mostly makes light-coloured rocks. Another type is called mafic magma, which is runny and has less silica. It usually makes dark-coloured rocks. A third type is intermediate magma. It is like both the other types. Hot magma * HOT magma rises to create new crust. * cools as it rises to the top. * oozes from the ridge to create new ocean crust. * rises to the surface at a rift zone and creates new crust. New magma * emerges onto the ocean floor near the ridge axis. + Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Atlantic Ocean :: Plate tectonics :: Geography of Iceland * The Mid-Atlantic Ridge includes a deep rift valley which runs along the middle of the ridge along almost its entire length. At the rift, the boundary between tectonic plates, magma from the mantle reaches the seafloor. New magma emerges onto the ocean floor near the ridge axis. The crystallized magma forms new crust of basalt and gabbro. Magnetic material * All magnetic material exists with two poles. * Some magnetic materials have poles. * are attracted to magnets - available in many different types and sizes - highly nonlinear * can shield magnetic field. * keep fridges cool. * represent a multi billion dollar industry - multi-billion dollar industry * tend to align themselves in the same direction.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Marble * Most marble is susceptible to damage from citric acid and alcohol - marbles are in the same color family but different degrees and intensities * Some marbles have a fine, crystalline texture, large breccia or small fossils. * actually metamorphoses to limestone from a major change. * are a type of toy - round and smooth, having no jagged edges * beautiful, porous stone that requires special care. * causes games. * coarse, crystalline metamorphic rock composed almost entirely of calcite or dolomite. * come in many different sizes. * commonly appears in curbs and sidewalks, as well as in building details. * crystalline sort of stone. * form of limestone, or an alkali * has many color variances due to the impurities present at formation - different sizes of crystals - the same advantages and disadvantages as other carbonate rocks * is Taiwan's most important mineral - actually a limestone that can be polished * is an attractive and easily worked rock that has long been used for monuments and sculptures - example of a sedimentary rock that has been changed into a metamorphic rock - another example of a metamorphic rock - balls - bands - basically the same type of rock as crystalline limestone - considered a carbonate rock - dense , with a good range of colors * is found in many places - under the segmentation rock * is located in games - jars - pouchs - stores - metamorphized from heat or pressure - metamorphosed limestone * is mined exclusively from limestones and dolostones of Paleozoic age in north Arkansas - in Georgia - one of the best materials for building a loudspeaker - problematic because it is soft and slippery - quarried, and anthracite coal and ar- gentiferous lead are mined - rounds - significantly softer than granite and therefore subject to greater wear and weathering - simply limestone that has been subjected to great pressure and heat - software - spheres * is the dominant form of stone as several states' contributions meld together in perfect form - most common stone for furniture - result of an unusual natural phenomenon - standard of luxury * is used as a building stone and as ornamental rock, such as for carving statues - dimension stone and in paper and plastic * is used for decoration of about half the area of walls of Moscow Metro - roll - sculptures, and coal is used for fuel and energy like light - shoots * is, like slate, relatively soft and quite easy to carve. * metamorphic limestone or dolostone - rock composed of calcite like limestone and travertine * metamorphic rock formed by the re-crystallization of limestone * metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to heat and pressure - is formed from the sedimentary rock limestone - with large crystals * natural product - stone, a porous product when compared to glazed ceramic tiles * porous and soft substance that can be damaged by water and air pollution. * represent leaves, grass clippings, or hazardous wastes. * softer stone, and tends to wear more easily, where as granite is much harder. + Marble, Description: Metamorphic rocks :: Building materials :: Carbonate rocks * Marble is dense, with a good range of colors. It can be carved or shaped, and is strong, and many think it beautiful. + Toy * Marbles are a type of toy. A 'toy' is something to play with. Toys are for children, adults, and animals. Before 1970, most toys were made of metal and wood. Now, they are mostly made of plastic. Sometimes they are made of electronic material. ### substance \| marble: Brecciated marble * can have a marvellous appearance. + Breccia, Ornament: Sedimentary rocks * Brecciated marble can have a marvellous appearance. The Pantheon in Rome is full of the most wonderful marble, many of which are breccias. Cultured marble * blend of natural marble dust and tough polyster binders. * is plastic and natural marble is stone.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Mass material * Most mass materials are hard and reflect sound. * vary greatly in the amount of heat they retain.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Material * All material is made up of atoms and molecules. * All materials absorb energy of various wavelengths - microwaves to some extent, just as all materials absorb light to some extent - photons of some energy * All materials are elastic - made of atoms , which are dipoles * All materials are made up of a collection of atoms - tiny particles called atoms - naturally radioactive to at least a small extent - non-magnetic resulting in very low magnetic field susceptibility - behave in an organized fashion relating to heat * All materials breathe for air circulation - to allow moisture to escape - can burn in an oxygen-enriched environment * All materials change phase if pressure and temperature change enough - their physical dimensions when heated or cooled - conduct electricity * All materials conduct heat, some more than others - which means that molecules bump into each other and transfer heat * All materials expand and contract to some extent as their temperatures rise or fall - with hot and cold temperatures - or contract when atmospheric conditions change - with an increase in temperature and contract with a decrease - found in nature can take one of the four basic forms for matter - give off, or emit, energy by thermal radiation as a result of their temperature * All materials have a certain conductivity - natural frequency of vibration - atoms as their building blocks - physical properties which one is able to sense a process the visual information - lose strength over time and eventually fail - naturally contain some resistance to the flow of electron current * All materials react differently at higher hardness levels - to temperature changes by contracting and expanding * All materials resist the flow of electric current - passage of electrons, some better than others - weather and decay * Any material can emit only photons in a very narrow frequency range - consists of atoms and molecules that are in continual, random motion - containing atoms with free electrons is considered a conductor of electricity * Every material has a different refractive index - an index of refraction that is linked to the speed of light in the material * Every material is formed by chemical bonds, and has the potential for detection with spectroscopy - made up of atoms which are very small parts * Many materials are naturally dark and hard to color - viscoelastic including polymers and biological materials * Many materials become brittle and easily breakable when their temperature changes enough - at extremely low temperatures - fluorescent when doped with the lanthanides - weaker at high temperatures - can slow the transfer of heat though conduction or convection - change physical properties, becoming brittle - commonly used in schools are toxic e.g. art materials, pesticides - considered as non-combustible can burn in the presence of liquid oxygen - deform before they break - exhibit complex and unusual magnetic properties - expand when they are heated - have important uses if they can be made in the form of thin films - move into cells without requiring the expenditure of cellular energy - oxidize readily in air - selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light - work well in small defects in rodent bones, but fail in larger animals * Most materials absorb energy - liquids - water - affect conduction * Most materials are made of atoms - magnetic because the domains are randomly aligned - transparent to some wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation - used by humans - attract insects - begin to solidify, forming crystals, especially if the liquid is in a container - can go from one state to another, depending on the temperature - come from decay plants * Most materials conduct energy - heat energy - thermal energy * Most materials consist of metallic particles * Most materials contain atoms - carbon - chemicals - compounds - covalent bonds - dust - hazardous substances - nitrogen * Most materials contain organic matter - phases - pigment - toxic substances * Most materials convert light - mechanical pressure - cover surfaces - emit light - enter earth * Most materials expand when heated and contract when cooled * Most materials expand when they are heated - freeze from a liquid to a solid * Most materials have a unique chemical attraction for electrons - absorbent properties - bulk density - constant refractive indexes - crystal structures - cylindrical shapes * Most materials have different chemicals - mass density - elastic properties - electrical conductivity - electronic structures - good electrical conductivity - heat capacity * Most materials have high conductivity - thermal conductivity - industrial applications * Most materials have low density - nitrogen levels * Most materials have lower bulk density - many industrial use - specific properties - texture - unique properties - very low vapor pressures - weight - move by simple diffusion through the semi permeable membrane surrounding the cell * Most materials pass into intestines - small intestines * Most materials possess high strength - paired electrons - provide mechanical stability - respond to sunlight - shrink when they freeze and sink in their liquid phases - succumb to the effects of salt water and usually corrode or rot - transfer electric charge - transmit energy * Most materials undergo chemical reaction * Most materials use in biosynthesis - metabolism - products * Some material floats on the water, forming a layer of scum - sinks right to the bottom, where it forms layers of carbon-rich sediments * Some materials absorb acid - amino acid - ink in different ways - light, some refract it, some reflect it - solar heat * Some materials accumulate in fetal intestines - act as vapor barriers - appear homogenous, but are actually a combination of substances - are 'semiconductors' * Some materials are better conductors of heat than others, metals are good conductors, air is poor - than others and offer less resistance to the flow of charge - than others at resisting the transmission of heat - brittle and shatter like glass, while others are ductile and deformable - capable of carrying electricity more effectively than other materials - classified as conductors - closer to the flame than others - corrosive and vulnerable to shocks, chemicals or heat - easier to heat up or cool down than others - faster light-emitters than others * Some materials are good conductors of electricity - heat conductors * Some materials are heavier than others, and some are larger than others - bulk for bulk * Some materials are insulators of electricity - intrinsic semiconductors * Some materials are less palatable to bacteria and fungi than others - susceptible to degradation than others - magnetic because of the way their atoms pack together * Some materials are more difficult to remove stains from, such as silk - likely to become radioactive and airborne than others - naturally good conductors of heat, while others are poor - opaque to some frequencies of light, but transparent to others - paramagnetic - phosphorescent which means they can absorb light and then re-radiate it * Some materials are produced by dead plants - decomposition - glands - wood decay fungi - resistant to the flow of electricity * Some materials are secreted by live tissue - self-luminous and simulate a variety of lighting distributions - textiles woven with plastic threads - transparent to radiation - vulnerable to damage from high temperatures - become liquids - behave in between a conductor and an insulator - burn twice as hot * Some materials can form peroxide polymers - injure plants when they are stressed for moisture - take on the properties of a magnet temporarily * Some materials cause decomposition - fire - pollution - skin irritation * Some materials change color - come from solar nebulas * Some materials conduct electric current - energy better than others * Some materials conduct heat better than others do - very well - well, like that metal spoon - heat, others insulate from the cold - much more dramatically as the voltage is increased beyond a critical point - thermal energy faster than others - consist of sand * Some materials contain bacteria - calcium - chemical energy - irons - keratin - long molecules which are lined up, like the slats on a wooden fence - powerful solvent - proteins - urine - convert heat - create electricity * Some materials create immune imbalances - system imbalances * Some materials dissolve in liquids - plasma - eat or dissolve aluminum and are hazardous to airplanes - emit energy * Some materials enter digestive tracts - excretory organs - large intestines * Some materials exhibit deterioration in photoconductivity upon exposure to illumination - twinning, some are high temperature phases, and some have large unit cells - float in water while others sink * Some materials form disks - peroxides during distillation or evaporation * Some materials generate alternate current voltage - beams * Some materials have a feature known as ferromagnetism - absorption - collisions - crystalline patterns * Some materials have different temperature tolerance - types of atoms with different moments, which interact - external magnetic fields * Some materials have high energy storage capacity but low rate of recovery - permeability - ultimate strength - identical orbits - low resistance - more of an impact on the environment than others - resistance values - specific heat - viscosity * Some materials hold heat better than others - their electrons very tightly - inhibit conduction - kill fungi - make up earth - move through digestive tracts - only allow selected wavelengths to pass through * Some materials pass through digestive tracts - the gastro-intestinal tract without being digested - phosphoresce simply by being exposed to sunlight * Some materials produce a slightly acid condition in the decomposition process - during respiration - irreversible reaction - provide nutrients - radiate energy - reflect sunlight - require extensive processing and produce toxic waste - result in condensation - slow down the flow of heat better than others - tend to absorb and keep water more than others - transfer heat energy better than other materials * Some materials transmit electricity - excess heat - undergo fission * Some materials use for insulation - in fermentation * Some materials used for basket weaving are reed, rattan and sea grass - in fragrances have the ability to alter blood flow in the brain - work only in tension while some materials work best in compression - yield products * absorb, reflect or transmit light. - the weight and strength of an object * also crush under bearing pressure - differ in their ability to conduct heat and vibrations - expand and contract due to changes in temperature * are aluminum, polycarbonate, and other plastics - applicants - basic to manufacturing and service technologies - classified as metals, semiconductors, and insulators - deposited on their surface, and materials are blown or washed away from the surface - equipment - highly reflective, transparent or glowing to create a sense of radiance - inputs in the manufacture of products * are located in construction - factories - houses - physical worlds - science labs - tangible items used in the production activity * are transported throughout the cell on the cytoskeleton - within living things by water * are used for builds - making - what buildings are made of * become waste. * behave differently at high temperatures. * biodegrade or break down when they are exposed to soil, moisture, air, and sunlight. * break when stressed in different ways depending on their basic nature. * breaking down can get extremely hot in the chemical process. * can accumulate static charges which can cause an incendiary electrical discharge. * can be in a liquid carrier, or it can be applied as molten matter - metals, alloys, polymers or ceramics - solids, liquids or gases and all have properties - even air * can change chemically and physically - state as a result of heating or cooling - deteriorate with age and exposure to the elements * can exist in different states - solid, liquid, and gas - have effects - include white and yellow gold, as well as sterling silver, or a combination of metals - only exhibit properties of one state of matter * can react with strong oxidizing agents - water liberating extreme heat - vary versus wavelength and temperature * cause death * change rapidly. - in contact - into contact * commonly used in moulding include plastic, metal, glass and ceramic. - flaws - starches - supplementary materials * containing moisture such as foods absorb microwave energy and produce heat. * covers the earth, moon, planets, sun and other stars. * damaged by ozone include rubber, nylon, plastics, dyes, and paints. * define the fundamental properties of a surface. * degrade quicker when exposed to ultraviolet light. * degrades when exposed to light. * deposited by a glacier can take many forms. * differ from one another in their natural or cultivated state of surface roughness. * differ in shades and patterns - the ease with which their atoms can be lined up * encourage development. * especially considered malleable are moist clay , warm wax , and molten glass and metals. * exhibit phenomena. * expand and contract as they are heated and cooled - or contract with the change in pressure and temperature * expands and contracts in volume and particles move back and forth in the path of the wave. * flow from the edge of cells to the center. * flows from one region to another, rather than from one chemical species to another. * generally expand as they warm and contract as they cool. * glows on ignition and burns without a visible flame. * has strong solvent properties and can soften paint or rubber. * have absorbent properties - arrangements - coefficients of thermal expansion and contraction - properties and vary in their abilities to absorb forces or return energy - impurities - interest - kinds - measurements - same effects - similar structures - slight effects - tendencies * hit by ions emit secondary electrons. * improve quality. * include inorganic materials * is an animal feed ingredient - aqueous organic - irritant to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract - carried in streams as suspended load, bed load, and dissolved load - classified as a combustible liquid - designated as hazardous waste until all solvents and vapors have evaporated - diluteable with water - ejected in jets that emit radio waves, and heated gas produces X-ray emission - entirely gaseous * is extremely destructive to eyes and skin - the tissue of the eyes and skin * is extremely destructive to tissue of the eyes - the skin - tissues of the skin and eyes - molten or solid at room temperature, toxic - more dense than water and has limited water solubility surface - normally stable at moderately elevated temperatures and pressures - slippery on hard or wet surfaces * is stable across all normal temperatures - and chemically inert * is stable at all normal temperatures - normal temperatures and storage conditions - unaffected by temperature extremes and is radiolucent - used commercially as a fire retardant * lists the types of materials used in making the collage. * look best when they are related in texture, color and degree of naturalness. * mechanical irritant for skin, eyes and upper respiratory system. * mix with manure. * move between certain animal cells through pores called gap junctions - into and out of the atmosphere in cycles * offer low resistance * pass in and out of the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope. * perform differently when subjected to dynamic forces found in a real world collision - functions - same functions - sufficient strength * possesses body and depth allowing for filling of cracks and recesses. * produce final products * provide habitats. * provide improve mechanical stability - nest habitats - sources * range from common solvents to exotic toxins to pyrophoric materials - paper and plastics, to metals and ceramics - plastic to glass to bone to clay, even paper * react to give different properties when applied by different systems - very differently in the harsh environment of space than they do on earth * reduce cost - operate cost * released by volcanoes and undersea springs also contributes salt to the ocean. * require for photosynthesis - maintenance * show features. * show many features - interest features * simply are atoms joined together in the solid state. * slowly oxidizes to sodium nitrate when exposed to air. * solid adhesive. * stream out from the equatorial plane and an expanding atmosphere is formed. * strong solvent and can soften paints and rubber. * sudied include steel, aluminum, ploymers, and composites. * suspension of insoluble plastic spheres in water. * transfer charge * use - the quantity of materials used in manufacturing. - places * used for conductivity have a critical current density. * used in electronics are susceptible to corrosion in a wide range of environments - equipment can include plastics, glass, and metals - nuclear technology suffer from degradation due to radiation - spin valves are copper and an alloy of nickel and iron - walls, ceilings, floors, and furniture all affect acoustical properties * usually shrink when cooled and expand when heated. * yielding the highest reflectance in all bands include quartz and silcrete. + Electrical conductor: Electricity :: Basic physics ideas * Some materials are 'semiconductors'. This means that electricity 'can' flow through them, but not very well. * Some materials are 'resistors'. This means that they make it very hard for electricity to flow through them. * Some materials are 'insulators'. This means that they stop electric current completely. Wires are covered with insulators like plastic to stop the electricity from leaving the wire. + Giant magnetoresistance, Types of GMR, Spin valve GMR: Physics :: Electronics :: Hard drives :: Quantum mechanics + Moulding: Manufacturing * It is a process used in manufacturing. A 'mould' is a hollow container that will hold the liquid material until it turns solid. The liquid hardens or sets inside the mould, adopting its shape. Materials commonly used in moulding include plastic, metal, glass and ceramic. + Static electricity, Charge: Electricity * Most materials have a unique chemical attraction for electrons. Because of this, rubbing different materials can cause charge separation. The material will have a positive charge if it has a lower attraction for electrons than the other material. + Steel, Iron and steel chemistry: Construction :: Alloys * Every material is made up of atoms which are very small parts. Some atoms hold together quite well, which is what makes some solid materials hard. Something made of pure iron is softer than steel because the atoms can slip over one another. If other atoms like carbon are added, they are different from iron atoms and stop the iron atoms from sliding apart so easily. This makes the metal stronger and harder.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Material life * involves the production and distribution of goods and services. * is as old as humankind - life centered on the individual person Material thing * feed the emotional desires and attachments of our ego. * have no creation or destruction.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Metabolite * Many metabolites are highly lipophilic and reabsorbed. * Some metabolites appear pharmacologically active in in vitro assays. * are either conjugated or directly eliminated in urine - less active than the parent compound - odourological tracks or tracks od odour - substances * are the biochemical products of the breakdown of drugs within the body - result of the body breaking down a chemical - usually more hydrophilic than the parent compound * involved with inositol metabolism appear to be most specific for AD brains.<\|endoftext\|>### substance \| metabolite: Secondary metabolite * Many secondary metabolites are of great social importance as medicine, chemicals and drugs. * Most secondary metabolites are formed as part of the Acetate-polymalonate biosynthetic pathway. * Some secondary metabolites produced by moulds are highly toxic to animals, humans and plants. * are primary characters, in the sense that they define species groups. * derived from marine algae are of particular interest. * have a broad range of functions - health benefits Meteoritic material * Some meteoritic material is similar to the Earth and Moon and some is quite different. * contributes nickel to the oceans.<\|endoftext\|>### substance: Mica * can be clear, black, green, red, yellow, and brown. * forms in very thin layers and can be peeled apart. * has a long white chest patch - natural ability to stabilize the temperature of the soil in the pots - single perfect cleavage whereas calcite has three - tendency to break apart into flat sheets - perfect cleavage in ONE direction * is also a sealer for porous surfaces, such as wallboard masonry and concrete structures - an environmentally accepted replacement for asbestos in brake linings - birefringent and is therefore commonly used to make quarter and half wave plates - intermixed in abundance with much of the Cretaceous sediments - qualified as an important distinctive mineral - residual, though it is altered to hydromica - resistant to ultraviolet light, heat, weather and chemical attack and adheres to the skin * is used extensively as a dielectric material - in decorative coatings on wallpaper, concrete, stucco , and tile surfaces * occurs as platy grains that often are thin. * reduces running and sagging of paints and is an economical replacement for aluminum in paints. ### substance \| mica: Natural mica * contains many other materials including, iron, sodium, ferric oxide, and lithium. * mineral containing a combination of aluminum, silica, magnesium and potassium. Milky substance * Some milky substances are produced by glands. * Some milky substances encourage growth - plant growth	{ "source": "generics_kb" }
### substance: Mineral * ARE conductors of electricity. * All minerals are a natural formation of the earth - anhydrous and the texture is granoblastic - anisotropic , meaning their hardness varies in different directions - crystalline solids - elemental or elements when looked at and analyzed individually - rare forms and are limited in quantity - belong to a chemical group - break when put under stress, some easier than others - can be toxic in dose that are too high * All minerals have a characteristic streak - crystal form - the ability to reflect light - support bone, so take one that has all the necessary requirements for solid bone - used in nutrient manufacture are basically dirt * Any mineral can be an electrolyte. * Define a mineral. * Every mineral contains one or more of the many naturally occurring chemical elements. * Every mineral has a crucial role to play in the human anatomy - particular specific gravity, or density - specific arrangement of atoms, or structure, unique to that mineral - unique crystal form * Help the vital organs function properly, regulate water balance. * Many minerals also require other minerals to be utilized fully in the body - are capable of forming solid crystalline deposits * Many minerals are essential for proper heart functioning - nutrients - famous for their elemental structure due to an important element or compound - found in small quantities, but little is worked save salt and building stone - important in modern industry, health and political activities - present in the body as electrolytes * Many minerals come from the ocean - in a great diversity of colors, and many different minerals have similar colors * Many minerals contain radioactive isotopes - sulfur ions - contains small quantities of radioactive elements * Many minerals exist as ions attached to clay particles, which have a net negative charge - sulfides in ores, e.g. copper sulfide, iron sulfide - form crystals that are too small to see under the microscope - found in nature are naturally magnetic * Many minerals have a distinctive color, however, many minerals can occur in several colors - tendency to break or split along preferred lines, known as cleavage - economic value - names with interesting histories - no cleavage, and so break in an irregular pattern - incorporate water into their crystalline matrices - vary in composition, but the variation is within definite limits * Most minerals are compounds, which means that they are combinations of elements - easy to obtain in quantities required by the body - extracted from solutes in rain or surface water flow - salts of weak acids and strong bases - break along a certain plane - come from plants * Most minerals contain atoms - bonds - irons - metallic bonds - more than one element - other elements - silicon atoms - sulfur atoms - display some variability in composition - dissolve in water - find in earth - fluoresce a single color - form components * Most minerals have a characteristic geometric shape - crystalline structure - atomic structures - characteristics - chemical compositions - metallic components * Most minerals have orderly atomic structures - physical properties - same chemical compositions - specific chemical compositions - unique properties - values - improve quality * Most minerals make components - up structures - occur as crystals when conditions are suitable * Most minerals occur in abundances - great abundances - naturally as crystals - with other minerals - produce effects - provide nutrients - reflect visible and infrared light in unique ways - serve different functions - show an uneven fracture - undergo oxidation - work as enzyme helpers during metabolism * Some minerals absorb ultraviolet light and then release lower energy visible light - actually enhance the absorption of other minerals * Some minerals affect growth - kids - newborn kids * Some minerals are absorbed much more readily in the ionic forms found in such sources - an essential part of one's diet while others have an undetermined function - colorless - elements by themselves - essential industrial resources - fluorescent - important elements in our structural material - in too course a form to be used by the body - known to exhibit multiple colors of fluorescence in a single specimen * Some minerals are more ductile than others - susceptible to chemical weathering than others - sensitive to light, dampness and heat so look each one up - tested by taste * Some minerals are valuable enough to be mined - for the useful elements they contain - very important for hair growth - assist in the body's chemical reactions and others help form body structures * Some minerals break easily into flat surfaces, like calcite - only in one direction * Some minerals can be both crystalline and amorphous - have slightly different compositions within a specific range * Some minerals cause bone deformities - damage - cleave perfectly in one direction and poorly in others - completely dissolve in water * Some minerals consist of ore - quartz * Some minerals contain beryllium - calcium - chemical compounds - chlorine - complex compounds * Some minerals contain element chlorine - fluorine - fibre - mercury * Some minerals contain more complex chemical compounds - oxygen - parallel fibre - proteins - uranium - zinc - continue to glow when the light is turned off, a condition called phosphorescence - develop an electrical charge when heated, others when cooled * Some minerals find in flavor water - granite - himalayan salt - form a metal bead after being flamed, others give off fumes, and a few volatilize - give off a very shiny appearance, while others appear very dull * Some minerals have a fixed chemical composition, while others are a series of related compounds - single color that is characteristic of that mineral * Some minerals have a tendency to oxidize or corrode - split or crack along parallel or flat planes - unique texture, odor, or taste - common uses as drugs - enzymes - levels - luster - metallic luster * Some minerals have more than one common name - direction of cleavage * Some minerals have same chemistry but different lattices - polymorphs - samples from several locations around the globe * Some minerals have specific characteristics * Some minerals help bones - insulin - including selenium and zinc also have an important role in antioxidant enzymes - kill plants * Some minerals lead to diseases - illnesses - serious illnesses - look 'dull' in luster, and some look 'shiny', for example * Some minerals make up bones - exoskeletons - occur in varieties with density ranges rather than a precise value - pass through fields - react when they are placed within a magnetic field - share a molecular structure but have different chemistry - show magnetism - stimulate excretion - undergo color changes when put under intense heat - work together well and some minerals prevent absorption of other minerals * Understand what a mineral is, and know the definition of a mineral. * abound with vibrant pigment colors. * absorb and emit thermal infrared radiation - best with food * account for half of Botswana's revenue, with diamonds comprising the bulk. * act as Co-enzymes, amongst other functions, aiding body enzyme activity - enzyme activators and vitamins act as coenzymes - vital food for the body's cells - both individually and synergistically to perform hundreds of tasks in the human body * actually make possible the manufacture of almost every product bought and sold today. * allow the body to build some structures and help trigger some bodily reactions. * also act as helpers in delivering nutrients and aiding in certain functions in the body - break without cleavage or across cleavage planes - can damage hot water heaters and make laundry detergents less effective - function as coenzymes - participate in antioxidation - play a role in exercise * also play an important role in maintaining vital body functions - the athletes performance - serve as excellent geologic time indicators for studying Earth's history * are a function of remote miners and population - fundamental component to the U.S. economy - group of compounds that allow for endurance in an athletic competition - non-renewable resource found in rocks, soil, or in the ocean water - strong natural antihistamine - vitally needed element in the treatment of diabetics * are absolutely necessary to sustain good health and life itself - vital to making the structure of bones firm * are also a source of food such as silicic acid, nitrate and phosphate - essential components of respiratory pigments, enzymes, and enzyme systems * are also important for healthy plant growth - in the production of hormones - micronutrients, but they come from inorganic matter, primarily the earth - more easily depleted during hot summer months - necessary for the utilisation of vitamins - nutritionally essential - always solid, with a definite volume and shape - an essential component in the diet of all animals * are an important and often overlooked aspect of daily nutrition - source of raw materials for many of our modern day needs - integral part of daily life - another important dietary factor - any substance with all of four specific qualities - as valuable to our overall health and well-being as vitamins - basic elements of the earth and universe - beautiful to look at * are chemical compounds composed of atoms of various elements - or elements found naturally in the crust of the earth - that occur in the Earth's crust - compounds, and as such they can be described by fixed or a variable formula - elements that are essential for life * are classified by variety, species, series and group, in order of increasing generality - on the basis of their chemical composition - complicated because there are so many and it is possible to overdose * are components of growth and milk production, as well as several life sustaining processes - many body parts - composed of chemical elements - concentrated in bone as calcium and phosphorus - constituents of the bones, teeth, soft tissue, muscle, blood, and nerve cells - contained in the bones and to a lesser degree in the body tissues * are crystalline materials made of elements or groups of elements - different from rocks - distinguished by various chemical and physical properties - easily visible and identifiable by eye or with a hand lens - either the source of, or are essential in the production of, all manufactured goods * are elements and compounds - remaining after a food is burned completely to ash - especially important in aiding effectiveness of specific vitamins * are essential for all living things - life and health - the prevention of muscle cramps - parts of all cells * are essential to the body's function - growth and vitality of the human body - essentially pure chemical compounds - formed by natural processes - found in highest concentrations in the germ and outer layers of the grains - generally trace elements, salts, or ions such as copper and iron - good for strong bones and teeth as well as healthy blood and tissue - homogeneous, naturally occurring, inorganic solids - identified by their color, luster, hardness, streak, and cleavage * are important for good health - healthy joint function - lots of reasons - resource for every community * are important to many parts of the body - neutralize the effects of acidity in the body fluids * are in a less bioavailable form in their diet - every cell of the body and are vital to overall mental and physical well being - lots of foods but are especially in fresh fruit and vegetables - indestructible - ingredients of which rocks are made * are inorganic and originally enter the biosphere primarily through plants - compounds that are required for certain metabolic processes * are inorganic elements found in the body and food - necessary in the diet for normal body functions - that are found in both living and non-living things - materials forming naturally in the earth * are inorganic molecules that are part of the earth - nutrients that are needed in relatively small quantities by the horse * are inorganic substances essential for a host of vital processes within the body - that also perform important functions - which means that they exist in their simplest form - just as important to bodily functions as vitamins are * are located in earth - multivitamins - made by natural processes - materials that after millions of years take their most stable form - measured as ash and are grouped as major or macrominerals and minor or trace elements - metals and other inorganic compounds that work much like vitamins * are more stable than vitamins - yang than say, sugar or fruits * are natural building blocks to our structure and are critical in many enzymatic reactions - compounds formed through geological processes - inorganic solid materials of the Earth arranged in a crystalline structure - materials found in the earth - solids formed through many geological processes under high pressures * are natural substances found in the Earth - earth's crust - natural, nonliving solid crystals that make up rocks - naturally-occurring inorganic solid with an orderly arrangement of atoms * are necessary for all body systems to perform properly - proper muscle function and many other biological reactions in the body - the vitamins to function - in very small amounts for the body to function properly - needed for all units and buildings, and come as blue crystals from the ground - neither animal nor vegetable - non-organic - nonrenewable resources that are often mined from the environment - nutrients that exist in the body and in organic and inorganic combinations - of lower rank than plants - part of nature too - plant derived - quite stable during cooking - required for maintenance and function of the skeleton , nerves , and muscles - rigid - similar, though a yellow tomato is higher in sodium - so important to our health - solids that are formed naturally through inorganic processes - some of the most important nutrients the body needs, yet mineral deficiency is common - subject to availability and rare species are often out of stock * are substances found in soil - that are formed naturally in the Earth * are the basic building blocks of all rocks - all things, both living and non-living - geological materials - components that make up the Earth's crust * are the building blocks for bone and muscle - rocks and soils * are the building blocks of rocks, and rocks are the building blocks of the Earth's crust - constituents of rocks, sediments, and soils * are the cornerstone of good health, all prevention and recovery programs - as well as all prevention and recovery programs - country's principle export - electromagnetic means of communication between the soil and the plant kingdom - fundamental unit for understanding rocks - key to unlock the mysterious healing powers of the Dead Sea - most permanent part of living things - things that make rocks - typically very difficult for the body to absorb - uraninite and pitchblende * are used for geologies - very essential to the proper functioning of a body - virtually indestructible * are vital for absorption of food particles through the intestinal tract - clearing up catarrh and congestion of the sinuses - maintaining sexuality and libido - many functions of the body to take place - preventing varicose veins and spider veins on the legs and thighs - reducing a double chin - sleep regulation * are vital for the creation of various enzymes found in our bodies - generation of hydroelectric energy in cells in the body - prevention of gout and gouty arthritis - to human life * are what give rocks their color, shape, and hardness - vegetables the richness of their taste - rocks are composed of - widespread in Alaska * based oils break down in the presence of water - pigments have larger pigment sizes and lower tinting strengths than modern colors * become increasingly locked up in biotic components. * bind together for several reasons like electrical charge and shared electrons. * buried in the earth are at elevated temperatures. * can affect one another and their ability to absorb a given mineral - also have two, three, four or six cleavage planes - appear glassy, pearly, dull, metallic, etc - be difficult for the body to properly absorb * can be either chemical elements or chemical compounds - packaged organic or inorganic - compete with others for absorption and reduce bioavailability - dissolve in water like halite and calcite * can have one cleavage direction, meaning they only break along one plane - structural roles in the body - help control activities of cells and organs * carried by drippings that reach the ground can build up into spires. * coalesce or change crystal structure. * combine to become the rocks that make up our planet - form rocks like granite, basalt, and sandstone - with each other to form rocks * commercially produced on the national forests include nickel, cobalt, copper and uraniu. * composed of molecules containing varying amounts of silicon and oxygen are silicates. * consist of lifeless materials. * containing niobium usually contain tantalum as well. * control the body's ability to absorb, and use vitamins. * cover highly diverse groups of materials. * create an enzyme necessary for vitamins to function. * crystallise inside the mould and a cast is formed. * crystallize out at different temperatures. * distinguish Native American pipestone sources. * drop out of the river when the flow slows. * enhance ability. * eventually replace the organic parts of the plant or animal until it is formed into stone. * exert most or all of their biological effects while in the chelated state. * exist in abundance on large areas of the deep seafloor. * fall into one of the six basic crystal systems. * form as hot magma cools inside Earth., or as lava hardens on the surface - crystals with specific shapes when they have been able to grow without obstruction - from solutions, melts and vapors * form in and on the Earth in a variety of ways - igneous rock as magma or lava cools - many ways * fracture along planes of weak atomic bonds in their structures. * function in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction. * give the body skeletal structures and serves in all body functions. * has directional hardness. * have atomic structures - crystal structures * have definite chemical composition or range of compositions - compositions and physical properties * have different densities - pH levels at which they can be assimilated into the body - physical properties, such as hardness, color, and texture - properties such as color, scratchability, and luster - electrical charges attached to their smallest components, called ions - important control functions - many and varied uses - one plane of cleavage * have several different ways of being identified - getting into the soil * have specific chemical compositions, with a characteristic chemical structure - the same characteristics, no matter where on the earth they are found - two functions * have unique physical properties and are pure substances * help activate enzymes for optimal effect - in many specific ways * help maintain acid-base balance, to keep our body pH neutral - fluid levels in the body - regulate body processes, such as in enzyme systems - release energy from food - send nerve messages, carry oxygen to cells, and are important for muscle contraction - to balance blood sugar - transport nutrients into cells * include calcium * is long and fibrous - the lightest, with a fresh, ethereal quality that borders on translucence * keep the body pH balanced - alkaline instead of acid. - different rocks look different * make up structures - the remaining weight along with other nutrients * mostly fill amygdules, or are found in veins and along faults. - amygdules, groundmass and veins of basalts - ratios to each other - naturally in food and are necessary for good health * often occur in beautiful crystal forms - geometrical forms bounded by plane surfaces * play a key part in cell regulation - very important role in estrous cycle function and conception * play an important role in dental care because they can make teeth harder than bones - water conditioning - key roles in many biochemical processes in the body * predominate in plugs. - responses * produced are stone, sand, and gravel - by plants, phytoliths provide a unique perspective on the archaeobotanical record - in Oklahoma include helium, gypsum, zinc, cement, coal, copper, and silver - the color to eyes, cheeks, lips, and nails * regulate muscular and nervous tissue excitability, blood clotting, and normal heart rhythm. * rise from hunger riddled tang of acids - up to coat the tar and creosote * seep into the fossil replacing the organic matter and creating a replica in stone - through the organic matter is an object, filling it completely * strengthen hair inside, lipids protect it outside. * support the health of organs such as the heart. * undergoing metamorphism remain solid or partially melt. * usually have crystal structure and a hardness by chemicals - occur naturally in the ground and are made of non-organic substances * wax free oil used for many years as a standard for refrigeration. * work in combination with vitamins and affect vitamin uptake and absorption. + Copper(II) sulfate, Occurrence: Sulfur compounds :: Copper compounds * Chalcanthite is easily dissolved. It is only found in dry areas. When it is in air, it loses its bright blue color. Some minerals are tested by taste. Chalcanthite has a sweet metal taste. It should only be tasted carefully, as it is poisonous. Its Mohs hardness is 2.5. It is the pentahydrate of copper sulfate. It is blue or green. + Mineralogy: Geology * Mineralogy' is the study of minerals. Minerals are things that make rocks. There are many different types of minerals. Some are hard, like diamonds. Some are soft, like talc. Some are metal, like gold or silver. Minerals are put into special groups of minerals made of similar chemicals, or that have similar structures inside. + Minerals, Characteristics of minerals, Formed in nature * Minerals are formed by natural processes. A few substances with the same chemical composition as minerals can be produced by living creatures as part of their shells or bones. The shells of molluscs are composed of either calcite or aragonite, or both. * Minerals form in many ways. The mineral halite, which is used as table salt, forms when water evaporates in a hot, shallow part of the ocean, leaving behind the salt it contained. Many types of minerals are made when molten rock, or magma cools and turns into a solid. Talc, a mineral that can be used to make baby powder, forms deep in Earth as high pressure and temperature causes changes in solid rock - Minerals and rocks: Natural resources * Minerals are different from rocks. A mineral is a chemical compound with a given composition and a defined crystal structure. The Earth through time'. 8th ed, Wiley. A rock is a mixture of one or several minerals, in varying proportions + Nutrient, Substances that support metabolism: Ecology * Minerals are generally trace elements, salts, or ions such as copper and iron. These minerals are essential to human metabolism. + Solid, Kinds of solids, Minerals: States of matter * Minerals are natural solids formed through many geological processes under high pressures. To be thought as a true mineral, a substance must have a crystal structure with uniform physical things throughout. Minerals differ in composition from pure elements and simple salts to very complex silicates with thousands of known forms. Some minerals, like quartz, mica or feldspar are common, while others have been found in only a few places in the world. + StarCraft, Gameplay: 1998 video games :: Real-time strategy video games :: StarCraft * During a game, the player must use units to gather minerals and vespene gas. They must also build structures or units which provide 'supplies'. Each type of unit costs a certain amount of gas, minerals, and supplies. If the player does not have enough of a resource, he or she cannot build more units. Resources are gathered by worker units. Minerals are needed for all units and buildings, and come as blue crystals from the ground. Vespene gas is needed for stronger units and comes as a geyser with green smoke blowing out of it. A special building must be built on these geysers before worker units can gather the gas. + Sulfur, Occurrence and preparation: Chemical elements :: Nonmetals * Sulfur can be found in the earth near volcanoes. Many minerals contain sulfur ions. Coal contains sulfur ions which are released when it burns. Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are some sulfur compounds that are released when coal burns. They are reacted to make sulfur.	{ "source": "generics_kb" }

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