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{
"accepted_answer_id": "42927",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just started studying Nihongo, and I aim to take the JLPT n5 exam after 5\nmonths, but at that moment I would just finish 2 modules.\n\nAny tips, strategies and advices on how to learn fast and how to pass the\nexam.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T08:41:29.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42926",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T08:53:40.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"jlpt"
],
"title": "tips how to pass N5",
"view_count": 765
} | [
{
"body": "From what I heard, N5 is very easy. \nHowever, if you really are starting from an absolute zero, 5 months might\nstill be hard unless you are willing to put the time.(1-3 hours per day) \nMake sure you master all your kana and about 100-200 of the most basic and\nused kanji. Work on basic sentence structure and conjugation and you will be\nfine.\n\nIf you work very hard, N3 is a realistic goal for 1 year of study.\n\nThere are many learning tricks which I am sure you can find all over the web.\nBut I would suggest listening to Japanese music/podcast every second you can\nafford. Audio courses like pimsleur can be very useful too. As for learning\nkana and kanji, just spam flash cards on an application of your choice.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T08:53:40.290",
"id": "42927",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T08:53:40.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "42926",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 42926 | 42927 | 42927 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42929",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't have much context for it because I found it while looking for examples\nsentence containing 起伏 on yourei.jp\n\n> 氷のように冷たいのではなく、濾るま湯のように感情の起伏がない声で。\n\nAccording to what I found 這濾る may be read as はいる. So I surmise that here 濾る is\nread as いる but I can't have any idea about what would be 濾るま湯.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T10:11:19.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42928",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T10:35:41.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"readings"
],
"title": "What does mean 濾るま湯?",
"view_count": 109
} | [
{
"body": "From the context, it is likely to be **ぬるま湯** , which is water of moderate\ntemperature, or tepid water.\n\nThis usage of the kanji 「濾」 is not at all common. It may even be a mistake.\n\nIt might possibly be on purpose, but at least I can't find any special\nintention in 「濾るま湯」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T10:35:41.503",
"id": "42929",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T10:35:41.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17890",
"parent_id": "42928",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 42928 | 42929 | 42929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42934",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": ">\n> ランサーが深海からとってきた「ダイオウグソクムシ」を見てそのワキャワキャさにドン引きし、ランサーから「お前さんとこの竜牙兵もワキャワキャしてるじゃねえか」と言われて。\n\nワキャワキャさ:I can't find anything on this. I found that わきゃ means 私の, but I don't\nget the meaning of the sentence like this. It feels like being merry or overly\njoyful. 竜牙兵:Are like living skeletons\n\nSeeing the merryfulness of the Isopode that Lancer caught from the deep sea\nher mood was ruined and Lancer said (You too with those 竜牙兵, aren't overly\ncheerful?)\n\nOr\n\nSeeing how lancer was protective in regards to the isopode he caught from the\ndeep sea she was drawn away and Lancer told her (Aren't you too overprotective\nwith those 竜牙兵)\n\nCould it mean over-protective?\n\nThe other sentence:\n\n> 「ちょっとォ！！ GAIJINだからって馬鹿にしないでくれるゥ！？\n> SUSHIっていったらあれよ、豪華なSASHIMIがのっかってる見た目にも鮮やかな料理ってことぐらい知ってるわYO！！」\n\nWait!! could you not make fun of me just because I am a foreginer!? If you say\nSushi, it's that! The appereance of a great Sashimi and a rich cooking. I know\nat least this!]\n\nI don't get のっかってる, I read that it's 乗る with this meaning:\n（４）他人の考えなどを土台とする。のっかる。 but in this case the base is the Sashimi?\n\nThis is the whole context\n\nIf you need it:\n\n> 「あれは我慢してるのよ必死に。今だから言うけど……」 \n> 『hollow』ドラマCD『怪物という名の食卓』にて。 \n>\n> ランサーが深海からとってきた「ダイオウグソクムシ」を見てそのワキャワキャさにドン引きし、ランサーから「お前さんとこの竜牙兵もワキャワキャしてるじゃねえか」と言われて。\n>\n> 「ちょっとォ！！ GAIJINだからって馬鹿にしないでくれるゥ！？\n> SUSHIっていったらあれよ、豪華なSASHIMIがのっかってる見た目にも鮮やかな料理ってことぐらい知ってるわYO！！」 \n>\n> 同上。ド忘れしてしまった夫の好物と思われる料理を男サーヴァント衆に再現してもらい、その審査を務めることに。アーチャーが作った（おそらく正解と思われる）かっぱ巻きを見た反応。 \n> この台詞のみエセ外国人風になっている。ちなみにランサーによると寿司の基本的な知識は聖杯からの知識に含まれているとのこと。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T14:53:22.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42931",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-28T03:04:45.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Cannot understand this passage",
"view_count": 365
} | [
{
"body": "ワキャワキャ is not common at all, but I think it can be either of the followings:\n\n * a variation of [わちゃわちゃ](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%8F%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%8F%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83), an uncommon mimetic word that describes noisy and cheerful people (eg, in a party). わいわい. がやがや.\n * a variation of わきわき, a rare mimetic word that describes organic and unpredictable movements of multiple finger- or tentacle-like structures. うねうね. わさわさ. わらわら. You can see typical わきわき moves in [this page](http://gifmagazine.net/gifs/search_results?search%5Bword%5D=%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8D). And [here's a toy spider](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B00QWSE992/) that's described as わきわき動く. I have no idea how to say this in English...\n\nSince this ワキャワキャ is used for\n[ダイオウグソクムシ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B0%E3%82%BD%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B7),\nI guess it's used in the second sense. I personally haven't seen a skeleton\ndescribed as ワキワキ/ワキャワキャ, but it's understandable (Fate's 竜牙兵 seems to be a\nhodgepodge of bone fragments).\n\n* * *\n\n> 豪華なSASHIMIがのっかってる見た目にも鮮やかな料理ってことぐらい\n\n「豪華なSASHIMIがのっかってる」 and 「見た目にも鮮やかな」 independently modify 料理. 乗っかる is a\ncolloquial synonym for 乗る. 見た目に is a set phrase that means \"to the eye\".\n\n * 豪華なSASHIMIがのっかってる料理: a dish with gorgeous sashimi on it\n * 見た目にも鮮やかな料理: a vivid-looking dish",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T16:15:10.977",
"id": "42934",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-28T03:04:45.193",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-28T03:04:45.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "42931",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 42931 | 42934 | 42934 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44655",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was thinking of りんじんさん or となりさん。Thank you. I did research the term on\njisho.org",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T15:09:44.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42932",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T14:05:08.587",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T14:05:08.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What term can I use to address my neighbor, if I don't know their name?",
"view_count": 319
} | [
{
"body": "I edited my answer because I misread the question.\n\nI think there is no specific word to address someone you don't have their name\nas. (Like mister, ma'am and miss?) Just start conversation with おはようございます,\nこんにちは or こんばんは and you can keep talking without referring to their name. This\nshouldn't be considered impolite. In case you want to know their name, you can\nsay 「すみません，お名前{なまえ}を伺{うかが}ってませんでしたね」 or more simply 「ええっと，お名前{なまえ}は (...)\n(pause expecting a reply)」\n\nThere are several exceptions. If the neighbor is a very old woman (man), you\ncan probably address her (him) as おばあちゃん (おじいちゃん). If the neighbor is a\ntoddler, you can address her (him) as おじょうちゃん (ぼく). If you have a very good\nfriendly relationship with the neighbor and they are apparently much older\nthan you (but not very old), you can probably say おかあさん・おばさん・おばちゃん (female) or\nおとうさん・おじさん・おっちゃん (male).\n\n隣人{りんじん} (without さん) and お隣{となり}さん (with お) are perfect words when you\n**speak about** a person (or a family) who lives next door to you. The former\nis formal and the latter informal. If you want to broaden your scope a little\nbit, you can say 近所{きんじょ}の人{ひと} or ご近所{きんじょ}さん to talk about a person in your\nneighborhood.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T03:39:09.737",
"id": "44655",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T05:36:07.337",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-20T05:36:07.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "20352",
"owner_user_id": "20352",
"parent_id": "42932",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 42932 | 44655 | 44655 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the role of と in this article title?\n\n花粉 この春東京都内で飛ぶ量は去年 **と** ほぼ同じ",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T15:59:32.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42933",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T18:56:18.773",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-27T17:28:27.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "19511",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What is the role of と in this case?",
"view_count": 141
} | [
{
"body": "Together with 同じ it is how you phrase \"to be the same as\". ほぼ means \"roughly\".\nSo in this case, it means that there is roughly the same amount of pollen as\nthere was last year.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T16:31:10.690",
"id": "42935",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T16:31:10.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14037",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "と here means \"to compare with\". \"XXとほぼ(about)同じ(same)\" = \"about the same with\nXX\". と plays the role of \"with\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T18:41:54.323",
"id": "42936",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T18:56:18.773",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-27T18:56:18.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "19555",
"owner_user_id": "19555",
"parent_id": "42933",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 42933 | null | 42935 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42940",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am a relative beginner to Japanese and I would like to know how to say 'OK'\n(roughly equivalent to the Mandarin 好的)?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T18:50:17.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42937",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T21:02:17.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How would you say 'it is', or 'OK'?",
"view_count": 912
} | [
{
"body": "Just say :\"はい\". Or \"わかりました\" roughly equals to 好的 in Mandarin when you want to\nsay you get what the other person was saying.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T21:02:17.080",
"id": "42940",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T21:02:17.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19555",
"parent_id": "42937",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
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| 42937 | 42940 | 42940 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42939",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am playing a japanese Riichi Mahjong game. There is a quest ingame which I\ncan't understand.\n\n3対局の間一度も飛ばされない\n\nGoogle translate tells me I have to \"never get blown during a game\" and I\nguess I have to do it 3 times. But what does it mean in regards to Riichi\nMahjong?\n\nTo never get 'Ron' (playing the winning tile for another player)? To never let\nanother player steal from me? To not lose the round? To not lose the game?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T20:29:26.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42938",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-28T01:51:14.617",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-28T01:51:14.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "19585",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"jargon"
],
"title": "(Mahjong) What does this sentence mean: 対局の間一度も飛ばされない",
"view_count": 76
} | [
{
"body": "I think it means to never get run out in the game. In Japanese Mahjong there\nis a rule in which if your score gets to negative the game ends. It is called\n\"Running out\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T20:56:06.217",
"id": "42939",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-27T21:07:12.040",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-27T21:07:12.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "19555",
"owner_user_id": "19555",
"parent_id": "42938",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 42938 | 42939 | 42939 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42949",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Certain adjectives (凄い and 足りない come to mind) seem to be able to take 物 as a\nprefix, but I haven't been able to find anything on the internet regarding\nthis. Are the forms with 物 more formal or something?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T22:49:06.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42941",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-18T14:21:26.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"prefixes"
],
"title": "Appending 物 to certain adjectives",
"view_count": 246
} | [
{
"body": "「物/もの + i-adjective」 means: \" **somewhat** (i-adjective)\"\n\nWithin Japanese, 「もの」, as a prefix, means roughly the same thing as 「なんとなく」.\n\nTo quote from\n[世界大百科事典{せかいだいひゃっかじてん}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE-646182#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.881:),\nit says:\n\n> \"接頭語{せっとうご}として理非{りひ}にかかわらぬ気分{きぶん}･状態{じょうたい}を示{しめ}す。\"\n\nwhich means \" **As a prefix, it indicates a feeling or state that has nothing\nto do with logicality**.\"\n\nIf someone said 「もの悲{がな}しい」, it really says nothing about how or why someone\nor something is/looks/feels 「悲しい」. That is what \"(lack of) logicality\" refers\nto in the encyclopedia article above.\n\n> \"Are the forms with 物 more formal or something?\"\n\nNot quite. On the contrary, they sound subjective and often more informal than\nformal. The fuzziness of the prefix, as explained above, prevents it from\nsounding formal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-28T00:56:04.937",
"id": "42948",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-18T14:21:26.380",
"last_edit_date": "2022-04-18T14:21:26.380",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "42941",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "It depends on what adjective it takes. It's difficult to generalize, but you\nmay say this もの makes adjectives more \"subjective\" in some cases.\n\nもの足りない and 足りない both roughly mean \"not enough\", but they have different\nmeanings. もの足りない only means \"not satisfied\" psychologically. I don't think\nthere is any difference in formality between もの足りない and 足りない.\n\nFor example, you can say お金が500円足りない but cannot say お金が500円もの足りない.\nこれだけの練習では足りない means your practice is objectively not enough to win a race,\nwhile これだけの練習ではもの足りない means the practice was too easy and you want to get\nharder one.\n\nもの凄い and 凄い are almost the same, but もの凄い is more emphatic. They are both\nrelatively colloquial.\n\nAs for もの悲しい (vs 悲しい), this もの means \"somehow\" or something like this. This\nalways refers to one's subjective sorrow/empty feeling without explicit source\nof sorrowfulness. You can say 悲しい出来事 but usually not もの悲しい出来事. You can say\n秋はもの悲しい but saying 秋は悲しい is a bit puzzling to me. There is no difference in\nformality.\n\nThe same goes for もの寂しい, although this is not common.\n\nSee: 籾山洋介\n[「足りない」と「もの足りない」](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=G4pSAgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA163&ots=SsD0inGS7z&dq=%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%99%E3%81%94%E3%81%84%20%E3%81%99%E3%81%94%E3%81%84%20%E7%89%A9%E8%B6%B3%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%20%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84&hl=ja&pg=PA162#v=onepage&q=%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%99%E3%81%94%E3%81%84%20%E3%81%99%E3%81%94%E3%81%84%20%E7%89%A9%E8%B6%B3%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%20%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84&f=false)\n教養のある日本語 教養のない日本語",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-28T01:18:08.910",
"id": "42949",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-18T14:20:41.840",
"last_edit_date": "2022-04-18T14:20:41.840",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "42941",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 42941 | 42949 | 42949 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42943",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a book about Japanese manners for children (written in Japanese) there is a\nsection which has basic \"言葉のマナー\", and two versions of several phrases: normal\nand more polite.\n\nIt says that in response to ”ありがとう\" the normal (less polite) thing to say is\n\"うん\", with the more polite ”どういたしまして”.\n\nThis translates to ”うん” means \"You're welcome\", which I've never heard or seen\nwritten anywhere before. I guess the indication is this is said in an\nundertone as sort of a 相槌?\n\nI thought いえいえ was another common way to say \"You're welcome\" but I guess\nchildren don't use this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T22:51:00.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42942",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"conversational"
],
"title": "Is \"うん\" really used to mean \"You're welcome\" by children?",
"view_count": 481
} | [
{
"body": "うん is contextually closer to English \"yeah\", as a very casual response to\nsomeone saying \"thanks\". Contextually, \"yeah\" can be used in place of \"you're\nwelcome\" in certain circumstances. So too can うん apparently be used in place\nof どういたしまして in certain circumstances. But that doesn't mean that the one\nliterally means the other.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 42942 | 42943 | 42943 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42945",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does anyone know how to setup a question that uses \"how + adjective.\" Like in\nthis context:\n\n> Do you know how loud you were?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-27T23:46:56.050",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"questions",
"sentence"
],
"title": "A how + adjective question",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "You can use どのぐらい・どれぐらい・どれだけ + adj.\n\n> **どれだけ** うるさかったか気づいてる？ → Do you know how loud you were?\n\nThere is also どんなに, but my feeling is that this is a little more formal.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T00:02:00.417",
"id": "42945",
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| 42944 | 42945 | 42945 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42947",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I looked up in dictionaries and found that `塚` means `grave`. Why do Japanese\npeople use the word `grave` in their names?(e.g. 大塚 愛) Or does this character\nhave other meanings when it's used in names?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-28T00:19:31.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42946",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"names"
],
"title": "Why Do Japanese People Use the Kanji 塚 in their Names?",
"view_count": 541
} | [
{
"body": "塚 is actually a mound or small hill. 大塚 translates literally as big-mound. It\nso happens that some graves were built as mounds, and so 塚 also came to be\nused to mean grave, but I don't think it is very commonly used in that sense\nnow. There are a few Jomon era 貝塚 (kaizuka) around Tokyo, where the Jomon\npeople disposed of their empty shellfish shells in mounds.\n\nThere is a story about Taira no Masakado, a Heian Era figure who had his head\ncut off in a power struggle to become emperor. He was so angry at having his\nhead cut off that it flew all the way from Kyoto to what is now Otemachi,\nTokyo. There it remains (supposedly) under the \"Taira no Masakado no kubizuka\n(平将門首塚)\", a small mound with a memorial on top. According to local folk\nlegend, MacArthur wanted to remove it, but the men who tried suffered a\nterrible fate, so it was left as it is. Rumor also has it jinxed MacArthur's\nchance of becoming president.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 42946 | 42947 | 42947 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42952",
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"body": "I understand that 世帯主 means head of household but what specifically defines\n世帯主 listed in 住民票? Is it a special legal term that includes certain rights and\nobligations?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T01:30:02.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 世帯主 in 住民票",
"view_count": 539
} | [
{
"body": "[住民基本台帳法](http://law.e-gov.go.jp/htmldata/S42/S42HO081.html) has a line\nrequesting to nominate a 世帯主, but no definition about who should be and what\nit is. Only an administrative manual\n([住民基本台帳事務処理要領](http://www.jca.apc.org/~teru-\niri/iri/juki/juki_sr19671004b.html)) without legal status issued by MIC has a\nbrief definition.\n\n> 世帯とは、居住と生計をともにする社会生活上の単位である。世帯を構成する者のうちで、その世帯を主宰する者が世帯主である。 \n> _A household (世帯) is a unit in social life that shares a housing and\n> livelihood. Among the member constituting the household, who preside it is\n> the head of household (世帯主)._\n\nIn other words, there's practically no hard criteria to be 世帯主. Speaking in\nextremes, if all the member agrees that you are 世帯主, you will be.\n\nThat said, the status of 世帯主 gives you a little privilege to perform some\nformalities on the behalf of other members. It also affects tax calculations,\npublic insurance, or other public services to varying degree. The system is\ngenerally designed on assumption that 世帯主 is who earns the main income of the\nhousehold.\n\nFor details, it's better to ask your local government or legal experts.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 42950 | 42952 | 42952 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42954",
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"body": "I've been trying to memorize some Kanji, and I've noticed that some of them\nseem to have different forms. So depending on what app I use, or what website\nI visit, the Kanji seems lightly different. As far as I can tell, they are\nactually the same kanji, just not always written the same.\n\nTo demonstrate what I mean, consider this screenshot from google image search:\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m7a1C.png)\n\nSometimes the kanji is written with the last horizontal stroke joined,\nsometimes it is separate.\n\nAlternatively, consider this: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2qquM.jpg)\n\nSometimes this kanji is written with the two verticle strokes on the bottom\nright as straight lines, other times as little arrows going to the left. Some\ngoogle search results suggest the straight-line version is Chinese and the\nlittle-arrows version is Japanese, however one of my Japanese textbooks\n(Remembering the Kanji, vol 1) has the straight-line version.\n\nAlso this example: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8WdlM.png)\nSometimes I see this character with two horizontal lines in the top-right,\nsometimes I see it with three. This character is even more confusing because\nwhen I copy and paste that character I sometimes get the two-line version and\nsometimes I get the three-line version. Is this purely a font difference or is\nsomething more complicated happening?\n\nThe dictionaries I use (jisho.org, and a paper dictionary) tend to have just\none form or the other, and does not reference the other form as an alternate\nform.\n\nSo questions...\n\n 1. What is this kind of variation called? Like is there a name for it?\n\n 2. For two slightly different looking kanji, how do you know if they are actually different kanji or if they are just variations of the same kanji? Is this just a matter of experience, or is there a good list or a good set of rules somewhere?\n\n 3. Is this like the Japanese equivalent of how in english, the letters \"a\" and \"g\" are displayed differently depending on fonts. And letters like \"b\" and \"p\" may be written slightly differently (if you write fast, a lot of people don't join the loop properly in 'b' and 'p'). \n\n 4. If you write in Japanese by hand, which form should you write? Are there conventions or rules? (e.g. in english, when you write the letter \"a\", it's always the comic-sans style 'a'). Or should I mentally treat them as the same symbol, and just write it however I feel like writing it? \n\n 5. Are there cases where kanji have more than two different forms?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-28T05:24:25.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42953",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"chinese",
"kanji-choice",
"kyūjitai-and-shinjitai"
],
"title": "Variations in the \"same\" kanji, how do you know which one to use?",
"view_count": 2076
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. What is this kind of variation called? Like is there a name for it?\n>\n\nIn English they are called \"variant (character)\", in Japanese 異体字 _itaiji_.\nThere are different types of variants, often though they come in pairs, one\nbeing a \"traditional\" character (旧字体 _kyūjitai_ ) and another a \"simplified\"\ncharacter (新字体 _shinjitai_ ).\n\nThis is for variants used in Japanese. There is also 繁体字 _hantaiji_ for\n\"traditional Chinese character\" and 簡体字 _kantaiji_ for \"simplified Chinese\ncharacter\".\n\nHowever, not always are different forms considered different variants. (See\n(3) below.)\n\n> 2. For two slightly different looking kanji, how do you know if they are\n> actually different kanji or if they are just variations of the same kanji?\n> Is this just a matter of experience, or is there a good list or a good set\n> of rules somewhere?\n>\n\nFor Japanese, there is a good list, the [official _jōyō kanji_ list\n(PDF)](http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/pdf/joyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf).\nIt lists all _kanji_ in their \"standard\" form, and their official 旧字体.\n\nHowever, not every different form is considered a variant. Some different\nforms are simply a handwritten version. (See for example [Why are there two\nversions of the kanji for 冷?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3191/1628))\n\n> 3. Is this like the Japanese equivalent of how in English, the letters \"a\"\n> and \"g\" are displayed differently depending on fonts. And letters like \"b\"\n> and \"p\" may be written slightly differently (if you write fast, a lot of\n> people don't join the loop properly in 'b' and 'p').\n>\n\nYes, precisely. Luckily, the above list does explain what different forms are\nused for handwriting (and what forms are 旧字体). For more detailed information,\nyou should probably consult a good 漢和辞典 (sometimes referred to as \" _kanji_\ndictionary\").\n\n> 4. If you write in Japanese by hand, which form should you write? Are\n> there conventions or rules?\n>\n\nThese conventions (about a handful or two) are laid out in the above PDF. Just\nlike native English speakers aren't taught to write in Times New Roman\n(double-storey \"a\", double-storey \"g\"), Japanese handwritten _kanji_ have a\nfew points, where their appearance differs from the typeset _kanji_ (in\nMinchō, say).\n\n> 5. Are there cases where kanji have more than two different forms?\n>\n\nYes. For example, my 漢和辞典 lists another variant for 真 and 眞, whose top part\nlooks like 真 and whose bottom part like 眞. (This variant appears not to be\nencoded in Unicode.)",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 42953 | 42954 | 42954 |
{
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"body": "How should I determine which place I need to locate 「数詞{すうし} + も」? From my\ntext book example:\n\n> 1: 毎年{まいとし} **何百枚{なんびゃくまい}も** 年賀状{ねんがじょう}を出{だ}します\n\n数詞も is now located in front of the noun 年賀状.\n\n> 2: 卵{たまご}を **六{むっ}つも** 食{た}べた\n\nNow 数詞も is located in front of the verb 食べた. I'm getting quite confused with\nthis.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T08:19:14.523",
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"id": "42955",
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"owner_user_id": "15965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"counters",
"numbers"
],
"title": "数詞 + も suitable location",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "For example, in the case of 私は昨日、友達の家で三個も林檎を食べた。\n\n私は昨日、友達の家で **三個も** 林檎を食べた。\n\n**三個も** 私は昨日、友達の家で林檎を食べた。\n\n私は **三個も** 昨日、友達の家で林檎を食べた。\n\n私は昨日、 **三個も** 友達の家で林檎を食べた。\n\n私は昨日、友達の家で林檎を **三個も** 食べた。\n\n私は昨日、友達の家で林檎を食べた、 **三個も** 。\n\nThese are almost same meaning and you can choose the one you like. That is to\nsay, you can locate adverbs which indicates time and number everywhere but\nwhen they are located in the first and end of the sentence, I feel it is\nemphasized. By the by, I chose the first one.",
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"body": "Both of your example sentences sound fine. You could place \"numeral + counter\n+ も\" before or after \"noun + を\".\n\nYou'd usually place \"numeral + counter\" after \"noun + を・が\", as in:\n\n> **卵を６個** 食べた。 \n> **年賀状を１００枚** 出します。\n\nAnd you can keep the same word order when you use も, as in:\n\n> 卵を６個 **も** 食べた。 \n> 年賀状を何百枚 **も** 出します。\n\nIt's also grammatical to place \"numeral + counter\" before \"noun + を・が\", as in:\n\n> **６個卵を** 食べた。 \n> **１００枚年賀状を** 出します。\n\nHere again you can keep the same word order with も:\n\n> ６個 **も** 卵を食べた。 \n> 何百枚 **も** 年賀状を出します。\n\n* * *\n\nThe same applies to だけ、くらい、は、しか～ない、何～か、 etc. eg:\n\n> 卵を１個 **だけ** 食べた。 \n> １個 **だけ** 卵を食べた。\n>\n> 卵が２個 **しかない** 。 \n> ２個 **しか** 卵が **ない** 。\n>\n> 卵が **何** 個 **か** 割れた。 \n> **何** 個 **か** 卵が割れた。",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T16:42:41.440",
"id": "42966",
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| 42955 | null | 42966 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42957",
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"body": "Cantonese / Chinese is my first language, where 居 and 住 both mean live in\n\nUsually I would say\n\n```\n\n 私は香港に住んでいます\n \n```\n\nBut recently a japanese friend of mine says\n\n```\n\n 今 京都に居ます\n \n```\n\nAre their meanings the same?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T09:11:03.067",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 居ます and 住む",
"view_count": 192
} | [
{
"body": "住む - to live/reside in place \n居る - to exist/to be (for living things)\n\n> 私は香港に住んでいます \n> I live in Hong Kong \n> \n> 今 京都に居ます \n> Now I am in Kyoto.\n\nWhy he is in Kyoto is not said, so that could mean that he is either living\nthere or visiting. Looking in the\n[dictionary](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/15573/meaning/m0u/%E5%B1%85%E3%82%8B/)\nit does show 住む and 滞在する as definition number 2.",
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| 42956 | 42957 | 42957 |
{
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"body": "My dictionary says 罠にかかる but I imagine that that is for snares. How would you\nsay trapped as in \"I am trapped under rubble\" or \"The people were trapped\nunder a building.\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T11:26:45.490",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"trapped\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 1765
} | [
{
"body": "（罠に）かかる is as you said appropiate for snares. You could use 閉じ込める (active). So\nif you were trapped under rubble you can use passive form:\n\n> がれきの中に閉じ込められた。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T11:38:20.873",
"id": "42959",
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{
"body": "Well with your example I would say this,\n\n\"trapped under rubble\" = 瓦礫{がれき}の下に生{い}き埋{う}めとなった\n\nThe emphasis on \"生{い}き埋{う}め\" being the key phrase for trapped (buried) under\nsome rubble. Which means you are literally trapped alive under rubble, or say\nfor example a buildings rubble.\n\nYou also have something like this,\n\n\"I was trapped in a room\" = 部屋{へや}に閉{と}じ込{こ}められた\n\nWhich has the emphasis on the 閉{と}じ込{こ}める",
"comment_count": 0,
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{
"body": "The phrase \"trapped under\" can be rendered as \"～の下敷（したじ）きになる/なった\".\n\nSo, one way of translating \"I am trapped under rubble\" is \"がれきの下敷きになった\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T04:46:48.283",
"id": "42985",
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| 42958 | null | 42959 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42964",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The page [自分で手続きワーキングホリデー](http://jibunde-workingholiday.com/car.html) seems\nto be using レジ as short for \"registration\". But as far as I know, レジ is used\nas short for \"[cash] register\", not \"registration\", and the Australian English\nslang for \"registration\" is \"rego\", not \"regie\" or \"redgie\".\n\nCan レジ be used as a contraction for \"registration\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-28T12:59:17.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42962",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"slang",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Is レジ used as a contraction of registration?",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "No, I have never heard of レジ being used for \"registration\". Sounds like an\nAustralian has translated this page using \"レジ\" like Australia uses \"rego\" for\n\"registration\".\n\nIn any case , レジ will 99% of the time be associated with a cash register.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 42962 | 42964 | 42964 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42968",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "One of the two screws is larger and has a prefectural seal affixed to it. I\nwant to determine its purpose and name.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T19:29:18.907",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is the large silver \"button\" used to fasten rear Japanese license plate on vehicles called?",
"view_count": 298
} | [
{
"body": "This seal is called 封印【ふういん】.\n\nFrom [JAF](http://www.jaf.or.jp/qa/car/registration/07.htm) (the Japan\nAutomobile Federation):\n\n> 封印の目的はナンバープレートの取り外しを防止するとともに、車両の盗難犯罪を防ぐ重要な役割があります。\n>\n> (Roughly, _The purpose of the seal is to block the detaching of the licence\n> plate as well as being a preventative measure against motor vehicle theft._\n> )",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 42967 | 42968 | 42968 |
{
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"body": "I've come across the following sentence in a book:\n\nあの様な、って言われてもなぁ……俺は特に何も思わなかったぜ？\n\nFrom what I've come across on the internet, correct me if I'm wrong of course,\n言われても means \"even if told/even though I was told\" whilst implying that you are\nrejecting or denying what you've been told. So considering this when I try to\ntranslate the above sentence, the latter part of the sentence doesn't seem to\nfit because it's a question.\n\nI think the above sentence translates as \"even if I've been told he was like\nthat…… I didn't think much of it?\"\n\n(For context the person is replying to a question that goes something like\nthis \"was he always like that from the start\"\")\n\nThe fact that the sentence is apparently a question confuses me 10x more. Is\nthe person saying the above sentence indeed trying to deny what they've been\ntold?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T21:40:13.013",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "To deny something you've been told?",
"view_count": 501
} | [
{
"body": "> 「あの様{ざま}な、って言{い}われてもなぁ……俺{おれ}は特{とく}に何{なに}も思{おも}わなかったぜ？」\n\nYou are confusing yourself by thinking that the second half is a question; It\nis not. Look closely at its structure and it should start looking like a\nstatement. 「ぜ」 is a masculine, statement-emphasizing, sentence-ending\nparticle.\n\nWhat is the question mark for, then, you ask, right? That just means that the\nsecond half is to be read with a rising intonation at the end.\n\nWhy a rising intonation, then? That is because the speaker's opinion on the\nmatter clearly differs from that of the listener (or whoever said 「あの様な」) and\nthe speaker is just a little bit confused or uncertain, causing him to make\nthat statement in the way (= using a rising intonation) he could express that\nsmall amount of confusion and uncertainty.\n\nYou could say that the speaker is denying what he has been told, but it is not\nsuch a strong denial. The speaker knows that he has a different opinion or\nimpression but opts to leave some room for discussion by using a \"question-\nlike\" rising intonation at the end.\n\n> \"Even though I was told he/it was like **_that_** , I myself didn't really\n> think much of it (, you know?)\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T02:14:47.417",
"id": "42980",
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{
"body": "Yes, in a sense, he's trying to deny \"あの様【よう】な\", which was said by someone in\nfront of him. The key fact is あの様な (\"like that\") already has a negative\nconnotation in this context. He is concerned about how the phrase あの様な was\nused by the other person.\n\nYou should have provided more context before his line, but for example,\nconsider the following context:\n\n> * A: 彼って何か変よね。彼は、最初からあの様な感じだったの？ \n> Well, he is kinda strange. Is he really _like that_ from the beginning?\n> * B: あの様な、って言われてもなぁ……俺は特に何も思わなかったぜ？ \n> \"Like that?\" Well, I felt nothing particular about him, you know?\n>\n\nA more literal translation of the first half would be \"even though you say\n'like that', hmm (I'm puzzled).\" And note that 特に何も思わない refers to the past\nattitude of \"he\", not what the speaker has just been told.\n\nThe question mark at the end represents a rising intonation, and it means the\nspeaker is expecting the other person's response. So it's just \"what do you\nthink?\", \"you know?\" here.\n\n(By the way I think this あの様 is likely to be read as あのよう, while あのざま is not\nentirely impossible.)",
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| 42969 | null | 42980 |
{
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"body": "Is there a difference in meaning between using 「である」 and 「の」 before 「はず」?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T21:55:16.593",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"formal-nouns"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between using 「である」 and 「の」 before 「はず」?",
"view_count": 173
} | [
{
"body": "There is no difference in meaning between the two:\n\n> Both 「～～ **である** はず」 and 「～～ **の** はず」 mean \" **expected to be ~~** \", \" **\n> _must be ~~_** \", etc.\n\n**The difference is basically in the formality. The former is more formal than\nthe latter**.\n\nOne more \"difference\" I would like to mention is regarding what words can\nprecede the two expressions.\n\nNouns can precede both 「～～ **である** はず」 and 「～～ **の** はず」 with no problems. You\ncan say either 「スミスさん **である** はず」 or 「スミスさん **の** はず」 to mean \"has got to be\nMr./Ms. Smith\".\n\nThe stems of na-adjectives can only precede 「～～ **である** はず」 as in 「きれいであるはず」.\nCareful speakers would **_not_** say 「きれい **の** はず」 because they would say\n「きれい **な** はず」.\n\nFinally, i-adjectives and verbs **_cannot_** directly precede either of the\ntwo expressions in question. Those can only directly precede just 「はず」 as in\n「かわいい **はず** ♡」、「来{く}る **はず** 」, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T04:18:48.910",
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| 42970 | 42984 | 42984 |
{
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"body": "I just heard a Japanese man say what sounded like \"Nonsense\" said with\nAmerican accent immediately followed by Japanese \"ka ne\". Assuming he didn't\nthrow a single American English word in his speech what is this Japanese word\nand its meaning? Sounds like \"Nansenskane\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-28T22:40:11.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42973",
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"owner_user_id": "19595",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese word that sounds like English word \"Nonsense\" and what is its meaning?",
"view_count": 1332
} | [
{
"body": "This would be ナンセンス (nansensu), which means almost the same as English\n\"nonsense\". Daijirin also mentions ナンセンス文学 (\"nonsense-literature\"), which\nrefers to the genre exemplified by Lewis Carroll. ([Japanese Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6)\n- links to English article [\"Literary\nnonsense\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_nonsense))",
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T02:11:33.847",
"id": "42978",
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{
"body": "Without actually hearing it, my best guess as a native Japanese-speaker would\nbe the colloquial:\n\n> 「何{なん}すかね」 or 「何{なん}なんすかね」\n\nThe former is a contracted form of 「何{なん} **で** すかね」 and the latter, that of\n「何{なん}なん **で** すかね」.\n\nIf 「で」 had actually been used, I do not think you would have missed it as the\n\"d\" consonant would have been pronounced fairly acutely in that context.\n\nFinally, depending on the context, 「ナンセンスかね」 is also possible.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T02:35:37.397",
"id": "42981",
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| 42973 | null | 42978 |
{
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"body": "Senryū 川柳 is it Sino-Japanese or Yamato",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T01:41:02.133",
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"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Senryū 川柳 is it Sino-Japanese or Yamato",
"view_count": 92
} | [
{
"body": "川柳 is read as せんりゅう, and both せん and りゅう are on-yomi. In this sense, this is\nclose to Sino-Japanese. (川柳 would be かわやなぎ if read with kun-yomi.)\n\nBut 川柳 is named after a Japanese poet 柄井川柳 (Karai Senryū) in the 18th century\n(See [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senry%C5%AB)). So I think it's\ndifficult to classify this word as a typical Sino-Japanese term.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T02:03:06.437",
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| 42975 | null | 42977 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42979",
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"body": "[This Q&A](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/34564/what-is-the-\nmeaning-of-%E8%AA%AD%E3%82%80%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF%E8%AA%AD%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0),\nexplains the form vるにはvた. However, when speaking with some Japanese friends I\nnoticed that they are more likely to use 読んだには読んだ instead of 読むには読んだ. Is that\na spoken-language usage?\n\nBy the way, they perfectly understand what I want to mean if I use 読むには読んだ",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T01:56:34.393",
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"owner_user_id": "19600",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "VたにはVた VS VるにはVた",
"view_count": 910
} | [
{
"body": "読んだには読んだ and 読むには読んだ feel exactly the same to me. I personally feel the latter\nform is a bit more common, but they're both perfectly natural. Note that the\nfirst verb never takes ます when you are speaking politely.\n\n * 見るには見た。\n * 見たには見た。\n * 見るには見ました。\n * 見たには見ました。\n * [×] 見ますには見ました。\n * [×] 見ましたには見ました。\n\nRegarding formality, this には sounds a bit stiff. When talking with friends,\n読むには読んだ is okay, but more casual wordings such as \"読みはした\" and\n\"読む[っちゃ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/39630/5010)読んだ\" tend to be\npreferred.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T02:14:24.437",
"id": "42979",
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| 42976 | 42979 | 42979 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43159",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar in the ~nasai section it has this\nexample sentence: \"早くうちに帰って来なさいよ。\" with translation \"Come home early, OK?\".\n\nI'm aware of the general difference between 帰る and 来る but why both? How would\nthe meaning of the sentence change if there was only one or the other? Why not\n\"帰なさい\"? (which I assume is ungrammatical because I had to fight autocomplete\nto type it)",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-29T03:31:46.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42983",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-03T09:38:49.760",
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"owner_user_id": "17741",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Why does this sentence have 帰って来なさい?",
"view_count": 575
} | [
{
"body": "Well, both \"早く帰りなさい\" and \"早く帰ってきなさい\", pretty much mean the same.\n\nExplaining the difference in theory I would say that saying \"帰ってきなさい\" would be\nused for example, when a mother is at home and telling her child to come home,\nas opposed to if she was out shopping or something and sending the child home\nfrom the shops by his/herself, saying \"早く帰りなさい\", specifically sending the\nchild home when she was not at home.\n\nBut, again, in reality, in practice if I was at home, I could not tell you\nwhen I would use either phrase and in what situation, as it would most likely\nbe up to how I was feeling at that time. That is how close they are in\nmeaning. Away from home, I would not use \"帰ってきなさい\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T09:57:31.333",
"id": "42991",
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"body": "帰ってくる is a compound verb made of 帰る and 来る. Sometimes the second verb of a\ncompound verb becomes a subsidiary verb and changes its meaning slightly, but\nit does not in this case.\n\nI think you were confused because these two verbs are both related to \"move\".\nI would like to add one more 行く here.\n\nAlthough 来る and 行く are usually translated to come and go, they are slightly\ndifferent.\n\n * 来る means \"The subject moves toward the speaker's place.\"\n * 行く means \"The subject moves away from the speaker's place.\"\n\nOn the other hand, in English, the listener's place matters.\n\nAlso,\n\n * 帰る means \"The subject moves to the place it belongs to.\"\n\n(Note: \"it belongs to\" is relative. For example: 出先から会社に帰る。 (from the field to\nthe office), 会社から家に帰る。 (from the office to home))\n\nSo,\n\n * 早く帰りなさい (Move to where you belong to.)\n * 早く来なさい (Move to where I am.)\n * 早く行きなさい (Move away from where I am.)\n * 早く帰って来なさい (Move to where you belong to and to where I am.)\n * 早く帰って行きなさい (Move to where you belong to and away from where I am.)\n\n早くうちに帰って来なさいよ。and 早くうちに帰りなさいよ。 are almost the same as far as the speaker is at\nlistener's home. Otherwise, the former does not make sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T08:01:57.923",
"id": "43159",
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| 42983 | 43159 | 43159 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "42987",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read the answer to this question [Grammatical Pattern :\nVerbてのNoun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24709/grammatical-\npattern-verb%e3%81%a6%e3%81%aenoun) but I do not see how it applies to the\nfollowing sentence お申し込みにあたってのご注意\n\nIt cannot be \"you must apply to be careful\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-29T05:21:47.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "42986",
"last_activity_date": "2018-03-07T16:23:27.357",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
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"owner_user_id": "10476",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Usage of の following て-form in お申し込みにあたってのご注意",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "The same idea still applies to your sentence (actually, it is not a complete\nsentence but a noun phrase). It is \" **notes on application** \" of somewhat\npolite and formal form.\n\nTo find out this, you should carefully analyze your sentence.\n\nAs you know, the noun 「お申し込み」 is 「お」 + 「申し込み」, \"application.\"\n\nOne of the basic meanings of the next verb 「あたる」 is \"to face\".\n\nAs described in the answer in the question you linked, 「-ての」 followed by nouns\nexpress the condition. So 「お申し込みにあたっての」 is \" _when_ you face the application\"\nor more naturally, \"when you are making application.\"\n\nLastly, 「ご注意」 is 「ご」 + 「注意」. Here this is a noun rather than a verb (注意する), so\nit should be \"notes\" or \"precautions,\" but not \"to be careful.\"\n\nNow, the interpretation of whole phrase is, \"notes when you are making\napplication.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T07:33:52.187",
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| 42986 | 42987 | 42987 |
{
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"body": "I read a lot of posts here saying that Japanese has this thing called\n\"aspects\". e.g.\n\n[Must I use past tense before\n後?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/40594/must-i-use-past-tense-\nbefore-%E5%BE%8C)\n\n[ありがとうございます vs.\nありがとうございました](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/384/%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86%E3%81%94%E3%81%96%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-vs-%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86%E3%81%94%E3%81%96%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F)\n\n[I am confused with Japanese\ntense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/39632/i-am-confused-with-\njapanese-tense)\n\nSince Japanese is heavily influenced by Chinese, which seems to only have\naspects, not tenses, it is only natural for Japanese to have aspects.\n\nHowever, every English website that teaches Japanese that I have seen mentions\nnothing about aspects. They always say \"食べた is the past tense of 食べる\".\n\nThen, I started to wonder whether all these tenses are just a lie to make\nwesterners understand Japanese easier. The websites simplified the aspect\nsystem which is unfamiliar to westerners.\n\nQuestion: Does every verb in た-form actually mean the \"completed\" aspect\n(sorry I don't have a better word here)? If you are a Chinese speaker, what I\nmean is the aspect that 了 denotes. Is my hypothesis correct?",
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"tags": [
"tense",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Are Japanese \"tenses\" aspects in disguise?",
"view_count": 2775
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{
"body": "There is one expression of たform(過去形) which is used as future tense.\n\n> ヨーロッパ行った時に買います。\n\nWhich means,\n\n> I will buy when I am at Europe.\n\nThe subject has yet to be at Europe, but planning to buy(something) when\nhe/she is there.",
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"body": "The real lie is in the assumption that the Japanese language is genetically\nrelated to Chinese. There is long cultural contact, and heavy\nlexical/morphological borrowing, but the underlying structures of the two\nlanguages remain distinct.\n\nTo answer your question, we need to first define tense and aspect. Tense is a\nmorphological change in verbs to denote _when_ an event took place (past,\npresent, future). Aspect is the addition of morphological elements to denote\nthe manner in which an event took place (to completion, on-going, etc.).\n\nJapanese verbs most certainly have a past tense. It cannot be related to the\nChinese 了, because 了 cannot be applied universally to all verbs, whereas every\nJapanese verb has a ~た form.\n\nExamples:\n\nJ: する → した、行く → 行った、頼む → 頼んだ\n\nE: have → had, play → played, pay → paid, drink → drank\n\nC: N/A\n\nNow, consider the following set of sentences (parentheses denote comments):\n\n(1) \"I was Thomas\" (but not anymore)\n\n(1Ca) *我是了Thomas 'I was Thomas' (ungrammatical)\n\n(1Cb) ?我是Thomas了 'I am already Thomas' (non-past)\n\n(1J) 私がThomasでした。 'I was Thomas'\n\n1Cb fails to show that the event is in the past; and 1Ca illustrates an even\nmore important issue -- the aspective 了 doesn't have to attach to the verb. In\norder to achieve the preterite sense of 'be' in Chinese, you have to insert a\ntime adverb like 以前 (我以前是Thomas)。\n\nPreterite (simple past tense) た can't exist on its own, like English preterite\n-ed can't. It's an _internal_ change to the verb form itself that makes the\nimportant distinction between tense and aspect. (Hence, technically, English\nhas no future tense, since it employs modal verbs in order to achieve\nfuturity.)\n\nHowever, you are correct in that the preterite form also tends to subsume a\ncompletion interpretation, because of a lack of any other intervening aspects.\n\n'I ate something' (past tense, but also interpreted to mean it's completed)\n\n'I have eaten something' (I tried something, but maybe didn't eat the whole\nthing)\n\n'I was eating something' (I was in the process of eating -- not finished)",
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"body": "It is [a bit\ncontroversial](https://faculty.washington.edu/ogihara/papers/Ogihara_handbook.pdf)\nwhether Japanese really has tenses or aspects, but it may be more correct to\nthink of them as aspects, as Japanese tends to refer to changes in state.\nEither way, there are only two main \"tenses,\" which, like most conjugations in\nJapanese, are shared across verbals, nominals, and adjectivals.\n\n**The imperfective** : The \"default\" tense, i.e. the dictionary/citation form\nof a verbal (動詞), which refers to a state that has not reached completion -\nperhaps a present state, or perhaps a future state. It is of course, then,\nincorrect to call this a \"present\" tense.\n\n**The perfective** : As you mentioned, the perfective tense/aspect refers to\nactions that have been completed (this is sometimes called the \"perfect\"\ntense, [though not without\ncontroversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfective_aspect#perfective_vs._perfect),\nand is also sometimes colloquially called the past tense in some textbooks\nthat like to equate Japanese to English).\n\nAt least one of the links you gave also makes this \"completed\" vs \"incomplete\"\ndistinction, and notes that the tense vs aspect debate has not been settled.\nThese tenses refer to actions that are, if not actually in those states, are\nat least in those states with respect to the (possibly hypothetical)\ndiscussion at hand. Hence, you can find predicates like: する前に知りませんでした to refer\nto something that happened in the past and できた後で、呼んで下さい to refer to something\nthat will be actualized/completed at some point in the future.\n\nA couple great resources on this are Samuel Martin's \"A Reference Grammar of\nJapanese\" and [Jorden's \"Japanese: The Spoken\nLanguage\"](https://yalebooks.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Media/9780300059410_Jorden_Japanese%20Spoken%20Language%20Q&A/9780300059410_Intro%20and%20Lesson%201.pdf).\n\nOther references (note that although the first Wikipedia article refers to\n\"aspect,\" it also clarifies that there is no consensus on terms, and that the\nJapanese learn their language in different terms as well):\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation#Imperfective>\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect#Aspect_vs._tense>\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8#%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8>\n\nPersonally, I think for the beginning learner, it's easier to think of\nJapanese [in terms of itself](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonic_languages)\n(and certainly not to compare it to Chinese outside of its writing system and\nsome words it borrowed from Chinese, which are mostly nominals, i.e. not\ngrammar), and to think in terms of the complete vs incomplete distinction, or\nelse \"past vs present/future;\" and only later, at the intermediate or advanced\nstages of fluency, [attempting to trace its\ngrammar](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288614960_A_history_of_the_Japanese_language),\nand to do so out of interest in the history, rather than out of an attempt to\nfit modern Japanese into some other terms. I mostly recommend this because of\nthe lack of consensus on many of these matters, which will leave you without\nmany answers; whereas it is well documented in many textbooks (and poorly\ndocumented in many as well) how modern Japanese is best interpreted,\nindependent of other languages or high-level grammatical concepts. So, at the\nend of the day, tense versus aspect is a bit of a \"moot\" question (in the\nsense that it is \"open to debate\").",
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| 42988 | 43156 | 43156 |
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"body": "I always run into this problem.\n\nSometimes か and が are very similar to me so I have to type them in the\ncomputer to find the correct pronunciation of word.\n\nWhen I type くろがわ or くろかわ they both give me 黒川. So which one is correct? Or are\nthey both correct?\n\n(I am using the Microsoft IME input) If only one is correct, why does this\ninput method suggest the kanji that I wanted? Isn't that misleading?",
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T09:23:38.930",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"names"
],
"title": "Is it correct to read 黒川 as くろかわ or is くろがわ correct?",
"view_count": 296
} | [
{
"body": "くろかわ Is the most likely the most used , I have not heard くろがわ used around\nwhere I live, but it may be used somewhere.\n\nSo to answer your question, it is くろかわ that is the most used reading of 黒川.",
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"body": "Both are \"correct\" readings.\n\nSince 「黒川」 is a **_proper noun_** , no one correct reading exists in the first\nplace. Because it is a proper noun, however, only one reading is correct for\neach instance where a name, place, river, etc. is named 「黒川」.\n\nIt is **_not_** the same thing as reading a regular noun/word in two different\nways where one could choose one over the other.\n\nFor instance, near where I live in Nagoya, there is an area (and a subway\nstation) named 「黒川」 and it is officially read 「くろ **か** わ」. Reading it 「くろ\n**が** わ」 would be out of the question for us local residents.\n\n[黒川駅\n(愛知県)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E5%B7%9D%E9%A7%85_\\(%E6%84%9B%E7%9F%A5%E7%9C%8C\\))\n\nAn area in Saga Prefecture, however, is named 「黒川」 as well, but it is read 「くろ\n**が** わ」. If I read it 「くろかわ」, I would probably look like a foreigner to the\nlocals there.\n\n[黒川(佐賀県)くろがわ](https://www.navitime.co.jp/bus/aroundBusStop/?node=00291851)",
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| 42989 | 42992 | 42992 |
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/L4Jvn.png)\n\nWhat does this mean? Is it an expression?\n\nHere is the context:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/o2yKw.jpg)",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does がばっ mean?",
"view_count": 304
} | [
{
"body": "In this context, 「がばっ」 is an onomatopoeia describing the \"look and sound\" of a\nperson grabbing and hugging another.\n\nIn other contexts and situations, 「がばっ」 is quite often used to describe\nsudden, quick, energetic, etc. kinds of movements.",
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"body": "As far as I know, 「サークルで使う」 means \"To spend (money) on a circle club\". However\nI don't figure out why the particle で is used instead of に, since I have seen\nso many examples of \"to spend on sth\" and I would say that all or at least\nmost of them the particle 「に」 is used instead.",
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T13:35:51.777",
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"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Why is it said 「サークルで使う」 and not 「サークルに使う」",
"view_count": 257
} | [
{
"body": "The meaning of 「サークルで使う」 and 「サークルに使う」 is different from each other.\n\nAs you know, 「Xに使う」 is a common way to say \"to spend on X\". The 「に」 indicates\nthe target of 「使う」. So, to have the meaning you expected, 「サークルに使う」 is\npreferable.\n\nOn the other hand, the meaning of 「で」 in 「サークルで使う」, in this case, is likely to\nbe for the place, the time or the situation in which the action (「使う」 here)\noccurs. In this case, 「サークルで使う」 is \"to spend during(/as part of) a club\nactivity.\"\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, is there any context around this 「サークルで使う」? This single sentence\ndoes not necessarily indicate what is spent is money. Since 「で」 has many\nmeanings, the meaning described above would be wrong in a certain context.",
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| 42996 | 42998 | 42998 |
{
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"body": "The topic is Gilgamesh here.\n\n>\n> 「英霊の座」スレ住民。タンクトップにジャージのズボン、バンダナに指抜きグローブ姿の立派な引きこもりニートで、その上セイバーのストーカーでもある。遠坂邸に居候しており、カソックにフリルのエプロン姿の家政婦のおじさんが生活全般の面倒を見ている。\n> いつも自信満々に全く説得力皆無のアドバイスを戦車男に焚き付けては、そのたびに幼馴染のエルキドゥちゃんから厳しくつっこまれるのが日常風景。\n>\n> 「英霊の座」スレ住民。 \n> I think it's something like: People who frequent the thread 「英霊の座」, so He\n> frequents this thread.\n>\n> タンクトップにジャージのズボン、バンダナに指抜きグローブ姿の立派な引きこもりニートで、その上セイバーのストーカーでもある。 He wears a\n> Tank top and Jersey pants, a bandana and finger-less gloves with an\n> appeareance like a true Hikikomori Neet, on top of that he stalks Saber.\n>\n> 遠坂邸に居候しており、カソックにフリルのエプロン姿の家政婦のおじさんが生活全般の面倒を見ている。 He lives as a freeload at\n> Tohsaka Mansion and an old man with the appeareance of a priest robe looks\n> after every needs he has.\n\n戦車男:It's a person.\n\n> いつも自信満々に全く説得力皆無のアドバイスを戦車男に焚き付けては、そのたびに幼馴染のエルキドゥちゃんから厳しくつっこまれるのが日常風景。\n\nA:Always confidently inciting 戦車男 with useless advices and every time getting\nharshly interrupted by his childood friend. This is his daily life.\n\nOr\n\nB:Always confidently being incited by 戦車男's useless advices, he gets scolded\nharshly by his childood friend. This is his daily life.\n\nI am not sure if 焚き付ける here means: Instigate someone with a piece of advice or\nbeing instigated because of a piece of advice.\n\nEdit. I think it's the first one, but I am not sure.",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Usage of 焚き付ける in this sentence",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, it means \"to instigate\" or \"to incite\".\n\nThere is an etymological clue in the interesting kanji 焚き付ける. In the old days\nin Japan, a bath was heated by placing firewood underneath the filled tub and\nsetting it on fire. The fire heated the water, so it was literally 焚く(build a\nfire) and 付ける (light it). So originally it had a sense of placing a fire\nunderneath something. This phrase later became an idiom used when someone is\nurged or incited to do something. By 'lighting a fire under them', you are\ninciting them to action.\n\nHere's an example from goo: \n若者を焚き付けて運動を起こさせる to stir the youth into doing some exercise",
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| 42997 | null | 53474 |
{
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"body": "Someone else drives the car for the person who has been drinking. I spelled\nthe word \"daiko\" but came up with radish.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-29T14:36:48.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is the name of the service called to drive one's car home after drinking?",
"view_count": 1134
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{
"body": "It is commonly called 「運転代行{うんてんだいこう}」 (= \"chauffeur service\"). When it is\nclear from the context what type of service one is talking about, the\nshortened form 「代行」 may be used.\n\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E8%BB%A2%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%8C>\n\nThe TV commercial below might seem strange if one is not familiar with this\nservice or if one is from a country where it is just normal to drive to and\nfrom bars.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkkf8S0QtZM>",
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| 42999 | 43000 | 43000 |
{
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"body": "I have a piece of \"grass paper\"? included in my meal, want to know it's\npurpose. It isn't edible, and could be a choking hazard. I also don't know\nwhat it is called.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T15:06:35.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2017-01-29T15:18:04.547",
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"tags": [
"culture",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the name of \"grass\" used to garnish a bento (takeout meal)?",
"view_count": 244
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{
"body": "The name of the bento grass is called \"haran\" and is a plastic substitute for\nleaves and grasses that were originally used to enclose sushi and vegetables\nto preserve the flavor and taste of the item wrapped, and to reduce spoilage.\nThe item is also used to add color and overall appeal to the meal when\ndisplayed.\n\nAdditional information can be reviewed at:\n\n<http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2008/01/15/reference/bento-\ngrass/#.WI4HQflEnIU>",
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| 43001 | 43002 | 43002 |
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"body": "This phrase showed up in one my phrase books with the translation of \"Best\nWishes\" but I'm curious if it can be used to sign off letters and emails with\nthe same casual politeness that the phrase carries in English.",
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"creation_date": "2017-01-29T23:26:27.260",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"formality"
],
"title": "Ending letters with ~~よりご多幸を祈って",
"view_count": 365
} | [
{
"body": "I think it will sound oddly formal for email, but it would be natural for\nsnail mails (they tend to be more formally written than email).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T09:05:20.987",
"id": "43125",
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| 43007 | null | 43125 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43010",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What are the Japanese constructions to express the following English formula?\n\n**noun + verb + comparative degree + than I thought**\n\nE.g.\n\n_Today is colder than I thought._\n\n_This works better than I thought._\n\nIs it possible to say?\n\n今日は思ったより寒いです。\n\nこれは思ったより上手く行く。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-30T00:30:32.837",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "noun + verb + comparative degree + than I thought",
"view_count": 522
} | [
{
"body": "You got the good idea, but you just have to be careful to not make logical or\nverb tense mistakes.\n\nFor example,\n\n> 思ったより上手く行く\n\nShould probably be\n\n> 思ったより上手くいった。-> It went better than expected. \n> 思ったより上手くいっている。-> It is going better than expected.\n\nRight now you are expressing present/future tense, which doesn't fit well with\nyour thought in the past. You could say it like that though.\n\n> 思っているより上手くいくでしょ。-> It's probably gonna go better than your are thinking.\n\nAs for talking about things like the weather, you might want to use words like\n予定 instead of 思い. There is a certain nuance between what you think and what is\nplanned.",
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| 43008 | 43010 | 43010 |
{
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"body": "What is the root of the word soboro bread ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T00:42:27.893",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43009",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-01-31T05:49:48.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "18971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"etymology",
"food"
],
"title": "The root of the word soboro which means streusel",
"view_count": 466
} | [
{
"body": "I see evidence in Korean-language sources (such as\n[Naver](http://krdic.naver.com/detail.nhn?docid=21860000)) that KO\n[소]{so}[보]{bo}[로]{ro} probably comes from JA そ{so}ぼ{bo}ろ{ro}.\n\nThe Japanese food そぼろ is essentially powdered fish. However, according to my\ncopy of Shogakukan's 国語大辞典 (\"Big Dictionary of Japanese\"), the term そぼろ can\nalso refer to something that is clumped together irregularly. The initial part\nof そぼろ consists of そ{so}ぼ{bo}, a root found in various terms with common\nthemes of \"ragged, shabby\"; \"sopping wet\"; \"drizzle, gentle rain\". The ending\nろ{ro} is a suffix indicating state, and this is probably related to the ら{ra}\nending (further suffixed with か{ka} as らか{raka}) on many older _-na_\nadjectives.\n\nThe _soboro_ in Korean [소]{so}[보]{bo}[로]{ro}[빵]{ppang} (\"soboro bread\") might\nconceivably borrow the Japanese sense of \"clumped together irregularly\" in\nreference to the knobbly bumpy surface, similar to メ{me}ロ{ro}ン{n}パ{pa}ン{n}\n(\"melon bread\"). Compare [pictures of\n[소]{so}[보]{bo}[로]{ro}[빵]{ppang}](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%EC%86%8C%EB%B3%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%B9%B5%22&tbm=isch)\nand [pictures of\nメ{me}ロ{ro}ン{n}パ{pa}ン{n}](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%22&tbm=isch)\n\nI will research this more fully and expand this answer later.\n\n### Update\n\nNotably, I find that there seems to also be a Japanese _soboro pan_. See\n[pictures\nhere](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%81%9D%E3%81%BC%E3%82%8D%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%22&tbm=isch).\nI cannot tell if this might be a borrowing from Korean cooking / the Korean\nlanguage. There's an interesting bilingual KO - JA blog page\n[here](http://ameblo.jp/ganadanavi/entry-11588109627.html) that talks about\n_soboro pan_.",
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| 43009 | null | 43025 |
{
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"body": "The Japanese passive voice has been bothering me for quite a while. I mean, We\ndon't really use it in English, and I still have not come across many\nsituation (at least daily situations)Where the Japanese passive voice has been\nused, besides in articles and essays.\n\nI do get the general idea of how to use 受身形{うけみけい}, however, I'm still not\nsure of _when_ to use it.\n\nSo my question is, when exactly do I use 受身形{うけみけい}？\n\nFor example:\n\n> ① ジョンは先生に質問をした\n\n> ② 先生はジョンに質問をされた\n\nWouldn't it be more natural to use the active voice instead of the passive\nvoice? This is what confuses me. When exactly do I use the passive voice.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T02:29:12.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43012",
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"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "19317",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "When to use 受身形 (passive voice) And when to use 能動形 (active voice)?",
"view_count": 7300
} | [
{
"body": "ジョンは先生に質問をした focuses on what John did, whereas 先生はジョンに質問をされた focuses on what\nhappened to the teacher. As you know, the word marked with は is the topic of\nthe sentence. These two sentences look equally natural to me, but they are not\nnecessarily interchangeable. Which to use depends on the theme of the\nconversation.\n\nIn general, when \"what was done\" is more important than \"who did it\", people\ntend to use passive voice in Japanese (probably more often than you do so in\nEnglish). In particular, when you are negatively affected by the action, the\npassive voice conveys such nuance well (known as [\"sufferer\npassive\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1777/5010)).\n\n * 彼は僕を殴った。 He hit me.\n * (彼に)殴られた。 I was hit (by him).\n\nWhen you report this incident to someone, 殴られた is the default choice because\nyou have been negatively affected by the punch. Saying the former would sound\ntoo indifferent.\n\nWhen you cannot (or don't want to) mention who does the action, the passive\nvoice is used both in English and Japanese:\n\n * この塔は200年前に建てられました。 \nThis tower was built 200 years ago.\n\nIn this case, saying \"They/Someone built this tower 200 years ago\" is less\nnatural even in casual English, isn't it?\n\nThe Japanese language tend to avoid taking inanimate things as subjects (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32449/5010)). You can say \"The\nnews surprised me\" (active) in English, but in Japanese, そのニュースは私を驚かせました is\nvery literary and almost never happens in speech. A better way of putting it\nis そのニュースに私は驚かされました using the passive voice, which translates to \"I was\nsurprised at the news.\" (passive). But this is still a bit unnatural, and\npeople usually say そのニュースに私は驚きました instead, using an intransitive verb 驚く that\nmeans \"to be surprised\". It's complicated, but note that in some cases only\nEnglish speakers use passive voice. To take another example, \"I'm worried\"\n(passive) is usually \"心配している\" (active) in Japanese.\n\nLastly, this is a very big topic and it's hard to generalize when to use the\npassive voice. There is [an\narticle](http://www.f.chiba-u.jp/about/plc07/plc07-09.pdf) discussing the\ndifference in the usage of passive voice between English and Japanese, but\nreading this may not help you understand the real usage much. Probably you\nneed to read many real and long text to get used to the Japanese passive\nvoice.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"id": "43048",
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"body": "We use passive voice in order to keep consistency of sentences.\n\nWhen you describe a fact that ジョンは先生に質問した / 先生はジョンに質問された in context of what 先生\ndid, it's more efficient to put 先生 on the position of the subject of the\nsentence because you can inherit it from the previous context and omit it.\ne.g. 先生は、朝起きて学校へ行ったら、ジョンに質問された.\n\nIn addition, you can fix the perspective too. One of the major mistakes by\nlearners in Japanese composition is translating \"the boss told me\" into\n上司は話した, which indicates the act of speaking is done to the direction that goes\naway from the center (or origin) of your perspective. (Adding 私に doesn't cure\nthe twist of perspective.) In this regard, passive voice can avoid that\nproblem. i.e （私は）言われた\n\nRegulation or tendency to perspective or animacy, which naruto refers to, is\nrequired for the sake of convention of frequent omission of the subject. You\ncan understand a sentence with the subject omitted when it's fixed in advance.",
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"creation_date": "2017-01-31T22:48:56.707",
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| 43012 | null | 43048 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43014",
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"body": "The sentence, from chapter 7 of the Tobira textbook, is\n日本の[漫画]{まんが}は[欧米人]{おうべいじん}の本の読み方さえ変えようとしている, which I think from context should\nmean something like \"Japanese manga even changed the way that Americans &\nEuropeans read books,\" except that ようとしている is in the present tense.\n\nThe rest of the paragraph goes on to explain, in the past tense, that the\nmanga fans in Europe and the US wanted the manga books to be published from\nright to left like the books in Japan, and so it ended up being like that. The\n\"changing how Westerners read books\" is clearly a thing that already happened.\n\nI am used to that grammar construction meaning either \"about to do something\"\nor \"try to do something,\" neither of which work in this context. I'm\ncompletely mystified. What are the nuances I'm missing?\n\nNote: my question had to do mostly with the reason it is in the ongoing\npresent tense, not the actual meaning of ようとしている in the general case.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "What is the use of 〜ようとしている?",
"view_count": 14285
} | [
{
"body": "This ようとする just means \"about to do something\".\n\nSome western manga fans may have already changed their way of reading books,\nbut for now, that's a local phenomenon that has not yet spread to the general\npublic in Europe/USA. So in this context, the author listed what happened\nobjectively using the past tense, but he/she also thought saying\n\"欧米人の本の読み方が変わった\" in general was too much. The sentence in question implies\nthat such change is still in progress and in its early stage.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T04:39:40.217",
"id": "43014",
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{
"body": "ようとしている Is not in the present tense, but the \"ongoing\" tense. \nWhich is why it was translated as \" **changing** how Westerners read books\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T04:41:33.863",
"id": "43015",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-30T04:53:51.103",
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"body": "For reference, the full sentence is from page 153 of the textbook 上級へのとびら, and\nreads:\n\n> その上、日本のマンガは欧米人の本の読み方さえ **変えようとしている** 。\n\n* * *\n\n## Grammar\n\n> _I am used to that grammar construction meaning either \"about to do\n> something\" or \"try to do something,\" neither of which work in this context._\n\nWhile ようとする can mean **to be about to do something** , as in (1)...\n\n> (1) 部屋を出ようとすると、電話がなった。 \n> When I was about to leave the room, the phone rang.\n\nThis ようと **している** here doesn't seem to indicate _a person_ wanting to do\nsomething. The meaning here is slightly different - it means **a change is\nabout to occur**. See the following examples:\n\n> (2) 今にもコンサートが **始まろうとしている** 。 \n> (The) concert will start at any moment.\n>\n> (3) ようやく新しいビルが **完成しようとしている** 。 \n> Finally, (the) new building is about to be completed.\n>\n> (4) 冬が **終わろうとしている** ときに雪が降った。 \n> Just when winter was about to end, (the) snow fell.\n\nHence your sentence means:\n\n> (5) その上、日本のマンガは欧米人の本の読み方さえ **変えようとしている** 。 \n> Moreover, Japanese manga is about to change even how Westerners read.\n\n* * *\n\n## Sources\n\nExamples 2, 3 and 4 were taken from [this\nvideo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTps3iylJso). It explains ～ようとしている from\n00:30, and compares it with similar grammar: ～つつある, ～ばかりだ and ～一方だ.\n\nAnother resource: <https://www.renshuu.org/grammar/674/%3Cspan%20class=>",
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"creation_date": "2017-01-30T05:27:15.530",
"id": "43016",
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}
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| 43013 | 43014 | 43016 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "* 保護 **する** 猫 protecting cat\n * 保護 **される** 猫 protected cat\n\nBut when the bold parts are removed, I don't know the exact meaning.\n\nWhich is the correct meaning for 保護猫? Protected cat or protecting cat?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T16:55:45.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43019",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-01-30T17:03:24.987",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Which is the correct meaning for 保護猫? Protected cat or protecting cat?",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "Based on its usage at animal adoption websites like\n[this](https://www.veterinary-adoption.com/description/), the word appears to\nrefer to the rescued cat itself, not the people or institution that is doing\nthe rescuing.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 43019 | null | 43022 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43042",
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"body": "Older brother in Japanese is \"Niisan\" or \"Oniisan\", but in your family it is\nused as \"Ani\". I have also heard that \"Aniki\" can be referred as brother, but\nis more rude. I do not understand in what way it can be more rude, with that\n\"ki\".\n\nIn the case that aniki can be used, is it proper to also refer to your brother\nlike, for example, Taka-ni (adding the ni at the end?)\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-30T21:37:00.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43023",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-13T05:36:05.570",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-31T07:55:57.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "19538",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is aniki more \"rude\" than niisan?",
"view_count": 60319
} | [
{
"body": "兄貴 is not really rude, but rough and slangy. In manga and anime, certain\npeople such as gangs and tomboyish girls tend to use 兄貴 to refer to their own\nolder brothers or bosses. Such people use 兄貴 to refer to someone else's\nbrother without being offending. In real life, I occasionally hear 兄貴, but\nit's not common. If I'm not mistaken it's like \"bro\" in English. In formal\nsettings you should avoid using this word regardless of whether it's your\nbrother or someone else's brother.\n\nAdding 兄【にい】 after someone's name tends to sound childish, and it's not very\ncommon outside of manga/anime worlds, either. I can imagine a fictional\ntomboyish female teenager who addresses her brother with ○○にい and refers to\nhim as 兄貴 at the same time. But I doubt you can safely do the same thing in\nreal life.\n\nThe kanji 貴 on its own means \"noble\" or \"rare\", but some words containing this\nkanji went through a drastic change in meaning over time. A typical example is\n貴様, which was an honorific word in archaic Japanese, but is almost always\nderogatory in modern Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-31T04:23:05.470",
"id": "43042",
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| 43023 | 43042 | 43042 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43054",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have read in numerous publications that making direct eye contact can be\nconsidered rude and offensive but I am unable to identify a term associated\nwith it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T21:37:10.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43024",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-04T15:04:29.147",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"culture"
],
"title": "What is the term for not making eye contact?",
"view_count": 382
} | [
{
"body": "There are a several words to mean \"make eye contact\" but nothing directly for\n\"not make\".\n\nYou could say:\n\n * 目を見ない\n * 目を合わせない\n * 視線を合わせない\n * 直視しない\n\nIMO making eye contact itself isn't something rude, only the frequency and\ntiming is different from Westerners, and Japanese surely do _less_ than them.\nIt's true that looking them in the eyes all the time you're speaking\n(ずっと目を見て話す) is felt too aggressive.\n\nHistorically looking into their eyes when in audience with kings and emperors\nwas considered lèse-majesté, but I believe it's another matter.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-31T08:32:53.113",
"id": "43052",
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{
"body": "Even though the concept itself is quite common, I do not think there is a\nsingle preferred term or phrase for that.\n\nSome of the more common phrases you might run into would be:\n\n・直接｛ちょくせつ｝相手｛あいて｝の目｛め｝を見｛み｝ない \"to not look directly into the other person's\neyes\"\n\n・アイ・コンタクトを（避{さ}ける/控{ひか}える） \"to avoid eye-contact\"\n\n・（強｛つよ｝い or 直接｛ちょくせつ｝の）アイコンタクトを（避ける/控える） \"to avoid strong (or direct) eye-\ncontact\"\n\n・相手の眉間{みけん}のあたりを見る \"to look between the eyes\"\n\n・相手の鼻{はな}のあたりを見る \"to look around the nose\" ← This might sound funny but I do\nhear it occasionally.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-31T08:47:35.123",
"id": "43054",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-04T15:04:29.147",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-04T15:04:29.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "43024",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 43024 | 43054 | 43052 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43030",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「ねー、つれてってよ。七夕だよ」 \n> Hey, take me along. It's Tanabata. \n> 「七夕なんて **行ってどうすんだ** よ。毎年同じような飾りばっかりじゃねェか。今年はいいにしろ」 \n> Go to Tanabata _and do what?_ It's just the same decorations every year.\n> Even if they're good this year...\n\nI'm struggling to understand the 行ってどうすんだ part. I assume it's a contraction of\n行ってどうするのだ, but I don't know what the function of どうする is here. Why is it not\nmarked as a question with ?/か\n\nDoes it mean \"what will you do if you go?\". I guess I would have said\nsomething like:\n\n> 言ったらどうするの？ 言ったらどうしよう？ or something like that\n\nWould this be correct? Does it have the same nuance?\n\nI can't understand how the て-form is being used in a place where I would have\nexpected an 'if'.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T22:08:18.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43026",
"last_activity_date": "2023-03-27T15:24:17.180",
"last_edit_date": "2023-03-27T15:24:17.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"questions",
"rhetorical-questions"
],
"title": "Understanding 行ってどうすんだ",
"view_count": 1094
} | [
{
"body": "> 「行ってどうすんだ」＝「行ってどうす **る** んだ」,\n\njust to confirm the dictionary form first.\n\n> 「Verb in て-form + どうする + （の/んだ/んだよ, etc.）」\n\nneeds to be remembered as a set phrase because it is used _**heavily**_.\n\nThis expression actually means along the lines of:\n\n> \" _ **There is no use (verb + ing)**_.\" or\n>\n> \" _ **What's the use of (verb + ing)?**_ \"\n\nrather than the literal:\n\n> \"You (verb) and then do what?\"\n\nFinally,\n\n> \"I can't understand how the て-form is being used in a place where I would\n> have expected an 'if'.\"\n\nThat usage of 「て」 is common even outside of the set phrase we are talking\nabout. You can say:\n\n「日本に行って、何をしたいの？」, which is basically the same thing as saying:\n\n「日本に行ったら、何をしたいの？」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T23:53:53.020",
"id": "43030",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "43026",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 43026 | 43030 | 43030 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43034",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let's say I am in a gym and had an eye contact with a person working out next\nto me, is it OK to say\n\n> 今日は、如何ですか。\n>\n> どうも、元気か。\n\nWhat are the best simple expression to break the ice with complete strangers?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-30T22:26:56.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43028",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T01:33:02.727",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"set-phrases",
"conversations",
"daily-life"
],
"title": "Icebreakers to use with strangers",
"view_count": 595
} | [
{
"body": "Both of these sound a pretty unnatural and even in English I can't think of\nmany times where I would just say \"how are you\" to break the ice to someone\nworking at the gym next to me. Something just like `こんにちは` is good because\nthey will most likely reply back, and you can use that as a bouncing point.\nAfter that you can say something like `スニーカー、かっこいいね` (Your shoes are pretty\ncool) or some other \"in.\" If they don't reply back and just nod, it's most\nlikely a no-go (depending on the situation) but other things you could say to\nstart something are:\n\n`ああ、疲れた~` - Saying this out loud after eye contact or `こんにちは` might prompt a\nresponse like `お疲れ様です` and maybe can lead into a conversation\n\n`すみません、今何時ですか` might work if you can lead into some kind of conversation after\nasking the time.\n\nJust a word to the wise, but you should probably figure out if the eye contact\nis a \"I'm interested in chit-chat\" and not a \"Oh a non-japanese person is in\nthe gym\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T01:33:02.727",
"id": "43034",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T01:33:02.727",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10300",
"parent_id": "43028",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 43028 | 43034 | 43034 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "45144",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 内容 **を** 必ず確認 **の** うえ、平成29年度の申告書を作成してくだ さい。\n\nI noticed that 内容を必ず確認のうえ is used quite frequently in banks' websites and\nfinancial documents, like in the above example. It must be something simple\nand well understood, but I have difficulty reconciling the structure of the\nsentence:\n\n 1. Why the direct object 内容を does not have any verb?\n 2. Why the adverb 必ず is used before a noun?\n 3. What does のうえ refer to? I cannot relate anything in the contents of the document.\n\nIs 確認 kind of an abbreviation of 確認する here and could possibly answer questions\n1 and 2?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T00:27:00.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43031",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-02T12:47:25.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "The sentence structure of 内容を必ず確認のうえ",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "I believe 確認 is the verb for 内容を, and the のうえ part sounds like a short form of\nthe 〜上で pattern which can be used to mean \"after doing ~\" (I wrote a short\narticle about that pattern\n[here](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2015/06/26/the-\npattern-%E3%80%8C%E3%80%9C%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%80%8D/))\n\nSo I think you could rephrase the first part of the above sentence as:\n\n```\n\n 内容を必ず確認した上で...\n \n```\n\nSo a rough translation of the whole sentence would be\n\n```\n\n Please write your 2017 returns after verifying the content.\n \n```\n\nI think \"the content\" here would depend on the context around this phrase, but\nI am guessing they are just asking you to check your information before\nfilling out a form.\n\nAs for the location of the adverb 必ず, Japanese order of words such as this has\nsome freedom, and I think it could go before the 内容を part as well. However I\nthink it is natural in it's current location. But I think if you think of 確認\nas short form for 確認する (as you mentioned), it will make more sense.\n\n(UPDATE: changed する上で to a more natural した上で)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T00:37:07.490",
"id": "43033",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T06:13:38.777",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-31T06:13:38.777",
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"score": -1
},
{
"body": "確認 is technically a noun, but it is behaving as a verb in this sentence. If\nthe sentence ended after the first part, you might say 内容を確認する。The noun 確認 and\nthe verb する combine to act as a single word.\n\n必ず is being used to say \" **make sure** you check the content\"\n\nのうえ is usually used in more formal situations, it comes after a verb and is a\nconjunction meaning \" having done (verb)\".\n\nThe example sentence you gave would be something along the lines of \"Once\nyou've made sure to check the contents, please then fill out the 2017\ndeclaration form.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-02T12:47:25.433",
"id": "45144",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-02T12:47:25.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20531",
"parent_id": "43031",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 43031 | 45144 | 45144 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As a right-handed person whose first language is English, I have a natural\nrightwards slant to my handwriting much of the time, depending on how quickly\nI'm writing and what physical position I'm in as I write.\n\nI've noticed I sometimes impart this slant to my Japanese writing as well,\nwhen I'm practicing writing out sentences.\n\nIs this as normal in Japanese as it is in languages that use the Latin\nalphabet? Will rightwards-slanting kanji/kana seem odd? I haven't been\ninvolved with Japanese long enough yet to even learn whether there's such a\nthing as italics in Japanese, so I'm not sure how it would be perceived.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T01:34:36.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43035",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T05:05:29.603",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Is it unusual in a noticeable way to slant your Japanese writing?",
"view_count": 1491
} | [
{
"body": "In general, writing slightly tilted _horizontal_ lines is considered\nbeautiful. [This link](http://www.hj.sanno.ac.jp/ps/page/8262) has some\nbeautiful handwritten sentences. You can see many horizontal lines are sloping\nslightly upward to the right. The faster you write, the more slanted lines\nwill be, just as you write something by hand in English.\n\nOf course you should not overdo it. A few Japanese people have habits of\nwriting overly slanted characters. Here are some examples I found on the net:\n\n * [縦書きでも横書きでも字が斜めになります。](http://lineq.jp/q/25168616)\n * [書類作成](http://reiandsupercub.seesaa.net/article/246950565.html)\n\nActually these are not necessarily dirty, and some may think they are rather\ngood.\n\nOn the other hand, vertical lines should generally be completely vertical. But\nmany people have habits of writing slanted vertical lines to varying degrees,\ntoo. If your handwritten characters are [like\nthis](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12111107757), I\nwould say you should eventually correct your writing.\n\nThere is no such a thing as italics in Japanese orthography. If you want to\nemphasize some words, the first choice is to underline them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T03:48:18.493",
"id": "43040",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "43035",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 43035 | 43040 | 43040 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43037",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand this is casual English to say \"same\" after someone says they do\nsomething, but I was wondering if there was a close expression in Japanese\nthat isn't just like `私も`. I've heard there's `それな` but that applies more to\nthe usage where you agree with someone, not that you do the same thing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T02:24:36.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43036",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T03:10:45.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is there any single word expression that means \"same\"",
"view_count": 1941
} | [
{
"body": "You could say 同感{どうかん}. A longer way would be 私もそう思う.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T03:10:45.827",
"id": "43037",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T03:10:45.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "43036",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 43036 | 43037 | 43037 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43039",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nI cannot identify the first kanji of the second sentence. I have tried SKIP\nand hand drawing it but it was to no avail. I have also tried the kanji finder\nvia radicals over at JDIC but again it was for naught.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T03:26:19.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43038",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T04:12:13.850",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-31T04:12:13.850",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9681",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "I can't identify this kanji from pokemon moon",
"view_count": 231
} | [
{
"body": "You are looking at 粗相（そそう） which would mean \"careless mistake\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T03:35:34.727",
"id": "43039",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T04:10:22.070",
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"owner_user_id": "1065",
"parent_id": "43038",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 43038 | 43039 | 43039 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43043",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the sentence: 日本人がアメリカを旅行して面倒だと感じることの一つは、チップの習慣である。\n\nI understand that it means something along the lines of \"One of the troubling\nexperiences of Japanese people who travel to america is the custom of\ntipping.\"\n\nI don't understand why it's written as 面倒だと感じることの一つは Why not 面倒なことの一つは? Can\nsomeone please break down the usage of だと感じる\n\nis the と being used for quoting purposes, to mean \"when/if\" or is the だと the\nexpression \"if it's the case\"? I'd really appreciate any help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T04:09:31.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43041",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T04:47:49.373",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-31T04:47:49.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "18612",
"owner_user_id": "18612",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Breaking down だと感じる",
"view_count": 580
} | [
{
"body": "Because `面倒なことの一つは` sounds judgmental and from the writer's perspective while\n`面倒だと感じることの一つ` sounds more anecdotal and from other peoples' perspectives.\nWhen you say `だと感じる` its saying that other people feel a certain way. \"One\nthing that Japanese people find/feel is annoying / difficult\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T04:25:54.260",
"id": "43043",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T04:25:54.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10300",
"parent_id": "43041",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 43041 | 43043 | 43043 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43046",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cJmTP.png)\n\n知恵袋で***いてるし…\n\nI tried searching Google, hoping it's a phrase that might come up more often,\nbut none of the Kanji that came up looked even remotely like the one written\nhere.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T06:03:31.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43044",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-01T07:20:07.900",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-31T13:20:21.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "19260",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 22,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "What does the highlighted portion of this handwritten Kanji say?",
"view_count": 4291
} | [
{
"body": "It says 聞いてるし.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JPl8Q.jpg)\nis 略字 (the handwritten simplified/abbreviated kanji) of 聞.\n\nOther kanji with 門, such as 問、間、開、閉 etc., can also be simplified the same way:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0yp51.jpg)\n\nOther examples of 略字:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xHYy1.png)\n\nFor more about 略字, see: [Ryakuji on\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryakuji)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T06:29:31.110",
"id": "43046",
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"parent_id": "43044",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 41
},
{
"body": "This is the handwritten simplified version of\n,\nsimilar to simplified Chinese\n.\n\nNote however that the simplified Chinese form of the\n\nradical has a break, and the \"divider\" is a single dot-like stroke in the left\ncorner:\n\n\n\nMeanwhile, the 門 radical is often abbreviated in Japanese handwriting to a\n略字{りゃくじ} ( _ryakuji_ , \"abbreviated character\") form. The Japanese _ryakuji_\nform of 門 has the surrounding line as a single connected line, and the\n\"divider\" line in the center.\n\n\n\nRead more about _ryakuji_ [on\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryakuji).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T06:46:56.490",
"id": "43047",
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 23
}
]
| 43044 | 43046 | 43046 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43050",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen the phrase 言わせておけば a few times in games, and through official\ntranslations and context, I understand that it means something along the lines\nof \"now you've said it!\" or \"that's the last straw,\" but I'm unsure of what\nthe implied result of the conditional is--it seems like a phrase in the same\nvein as うわさをすれば, where usually you just say the first part and the\ncontinuation is understood, but I've never heard that for this phrase. What\nwould the full phrase likely be, and what is its implied meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T06:09:03.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43045",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-31T07:39:43.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "Full Sentence of 言わせておけば",
"view_count": 900
} | [
{
"body": "This may be obvious to OP, but 言わせておけば literally means \"When/If I let\n[you/him/etc] say (things)...\" It's a phrase commonly found in manga, dramas\nand such. \"Now you've said it!\" is a good translation IMO.\n\n噂をすれば is part of [a longer proverb](http://kotowaza-\nallguide.com/u/uwasawosurebakage.html), but as far as I know, there is no\nwidely accepted consensus on what is omitted after 言わせておけば. I have heard\n噂をすれば[なんとやら](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/40603/5010) countless times,\nbut have never heard 言わせておけばなんとやら.\n\nA possible phrase that can follow would be something like\n(言わせておけば)好き勝手なことを言いやがって, (言わせておけば)よくそんなことが言えるものだ, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T07:15:30.153",
"id": "43050",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "43045",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 43045 | 43050 | 43050 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43056",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there a (Japanese) linguistic term for okurigana omission (cases when 問い合わせ\nis written as 問合せ, etc.)? If not then what would be a concise way to refer to\nthe phenomena (in Japanese)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T10:14:17.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43055",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-01T04:39:13.670",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-31T10:51:21.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "14494",
"owner_user_id": "14494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"terminology",
"okurigana"
],
"title": "Is there a lingustic term for okurigana omission?",
"view_count": 222
} | [
{
"body": "Being a non-linguist, I have no idea if this term is used in linguistics, but\nour 文化庁{ぶんかちょう} (Agency for Cultural Affairs) calls it 「許容{きょよう}」\n(\"tolerance\").\n\n<http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kakuki/10/tosin01/02.html>\n\nTo refer to the phenomenon, you could use a phrase like:\n\n「誤読{ごどく}の可能性{かのうせい}が低{ひく}い（単{たん}）語{ご}の送{おく}り仮名{がな}の省略{しょうりゃく}」\n\nThat would be understood by all native-speakers, I promise.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-31T11:07:52.780",
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{
"body": "The word 送る seen in _okurigana_ (送り仮名) is the term to mean \"put okurigana\".\n\nFor example you could say:\n\n> 「問い合わせ」の「せ」だけ送る (you'll get 問合せ)\n>\n> 「申し込み」の「し」は送らない (you'll get 申込み)\n>\n> 「終わる」は「わる」と送る (you'll get 終わる instead of 終る)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T04:39:13.670",
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| 43055 | 43056 | 43056 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am trying to find difference in usage between the words **ラベル** and **シール**.\nCould you please give some specific explanation and maybe example? I would be\nvery grateful for your help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T14:05:59.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "What is what: ラベル vs シール",
"view_count": 185
} | [
{
"body": "From jisho.org\n\nラベル: このラベルは[簡単]{かんたん}につきますよ。This label sticks easily.\n\nシール: いったん[封]{ふう}を[切]{き}るとそのテープは[返品]{へんぴん}できません。Once you break the seal, you\ncan't return the tape.\n\nI have taken the romaji シール to mean the same as 封 (ふう, seal)\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-31T15:10:45.010",
"id": "43059",
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{
"body": "A small sticky piece of paper is broadly called シール regardless of its purpose\nor shape (yes it's wasei-eigo). Cheap paper stickers used by children for\ndecorating toys, photos, picture books or such are almost always called シール.\nIf its main purpose is to convey some information such as prices, ingredients\nand addresses, you can call it a ラベル as well. 宛名ラベル and 宛名シール mean the same\nthing (address label) in Japanese, and they are equally common.\n\nステッカー in Japanese is like シール, but it tends to refer to more expensive, larger\nones. Stickers made of plastic film or magnet sheet are usually called ステッカー\nbut not シール. (But expensive large paper stickers are called ステッカー as well as\nシール) For example, some people decorate their cars with ステッカー, but not with\nシール.\n\nBy the way, record labels are called レーベル in Japanese for some reason. (This\nshould be in [this list](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17501/5010)...)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-31T16:18:45.483",
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| 43057 | null | 43061 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43063",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I see the words white and black but can not recall a reference to Japanese\nwith regards to color.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T16:13:44.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43060",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What term is used to describe the color of the Japanese race?",
"view_count": 2676
} | [
{
"body": "There is no term to describe the color of the Japanese race. There is only the\nword \"Asain\"(アジア人) or \"Japanese\"(日本人) that is used when referred to the race.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-31T16:25:17.207",
"id": "43062",
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{
"body": "黄色【おうしょく】人種【じんしゅ】 or 黄色【おうしょく】人【じん】 (lit. \"yellow race\") is the Japanese term\nused to refer to [Mongoloids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid), which\nincludes most east Asian people. The idea of roughly categorizing people of\nthe world as one of 白色人種 (Caucasoid), 黒色人種 (Negroid) and 黄色人種 (Mongoloid) has\nbeen widely accepted at least here in Japan. According to Wikipedia, however,\nit's no longer considered as a biologically valid classification.\n\nWhile 黄色人種 is generally accepted as jargon, that does not mean Japanese people\nwidely believe their own skin is 黄色 (yellow). You should use\n[肌色](http://jisho.org/search/%E8%82%8C%E8%89%B2) to refer to the color of\naverage Japanese people, which is somewhere between thin pink and yellow.\nActually some people may feel offended when they're referred to as 黄色い肌の人 or\nsomething like that. I'd rather not go into detail, but see [the discussion\nhere](https://www.quora.com/Why-is-yellow-an-offensive-term-in-the-United-\nStates-when-used-to-describe-someone-of-East-Asian-descent-while-it-is-\ninoffensive-to-refer-to-someone-of-Caucasian-descent-as-white-or-someone-of-\nAfrican-descent-as-black?srid=uuAqn).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T16:34:15.317",
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}
]
| 43060 | 43063 | 43063 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43079",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When reading Japanese, am I supposed to read nouns with particles together\nlike it's one word? like in this sentence:\n\n> 「音読」をするときは、 **口や舌を** 動かさなければなりません。\n\n\"口や舌を(くちやしたを)\" is pronounced as a single word (according to\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIMyS4gWUio> at 1:13) but in this sentence:\n\n> **音の高低や強弱も** 聞いた通りに真似をして言ってみてください。\n\n\"音の高低や強弱も\" is pronounced as \"音の高低や 強弱も\" (same video at 0:41)",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-01-31T17:47:46.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43065",
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"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Are particles pronounced with nouns or verbs as one word all the time?",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "Either is fine.\n\nHashimoto grammer, which is one of the standard Japanese grammer systems, has\na basic concept called bunsetsu (ぶんせつ 文節 sentence segments). He considered any\nJapanese sentense can be split into 文節.\n\nHere are some examples first.\n\n> 「音読」を|する|ときは、|口や|舌を|動かさなければ|なりません。\n>\n> 音の|高低や|強弱も|聞いた|通りに|真似を|して|言って|みて|ください。\n\nHe calaimed that\n\n 1. There cannot be any pause inside a 文節.\n\n 2. Each 文節's pitch accent is not affected by other 文節\n\n 3. There can be a short pause between 文節s.\n\n 4. Some pronunciation changes slightly depending on the position in 文節.\n\nSo you can put as many pauses as you want in these places. It does not sound\nfluent if you do too many, though.",
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| 43065 | 43079 | 43079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43075",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am trying to figure out the meaning of a difficult sentence:\n\n> しかしそういう主観に支配されるくらいには、彼女との出会いが気の置けない友達と会うようなものではないことを僕は理解していた\n\nMy main issue here is with the expression \"くらいには\" and what it means in this\ncontext. A secondary issue is the word 主観, which seems to mean \"subjectivity\"\nin the dictionary, but I am guessing that based on context it is more\nsomething like \"subjective experience\".\n\nMy guess at the meaning of this sentence is that he is saying that he\nunderstands because he is so compelled/surprised by what is happening\n(suddenly meeting a previously famous pop star), he is sure that this\nexperience (meeting with her) will not be anything like meeting a friend whom\nhe can speak easily with.\n\n[Here](http://ncode.syosetu.com/n6899db/5/) is the context in case it matters\n(middle of 2nd paragraph).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T18:44:00.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43066",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-01T06:17:16.770",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "Meaning of 〜くらいには and a tricky sentence",
"view_count": 1205
} | [
{
"body": "If the sentence was そういう主観に支配されるくらいに ~~は~~ …僕は理解していた, your interpretation\nwould be exactly natural.\n\nBut what's odd in this expression is that the example sentence actually hires\nは, which (oddly) implies the protagonist's awareness of how the encounter is\nnot like meeting a close friend is no more than a degree to recognize it as\nsomething beyond dimension.\n\nI'm not sure why the author used such an unsettling rhetoric.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T22:01:23.680",
"id": "43069",
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{
"body": "> しかしそういう主観に支配されるくらいには、彼女との出会いが気の置けない友達と会うようなものではないことを僕は理解していた\n\nThis is a bit roundabout sentence and even native speakers may have to read\nthis twice to get the meaning. The main structure is\nそういう主観に支配される[くらいに](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/29457/5010)は理解していた,\nwhich roughly means \"I was aware (of something) to the point where I was\npossessed by such an idea.\" In other words, \"I realized (how special this\nencounter is) so much, so it was natural that I was possessed by such an\nidea.\"\n\n主観 here is just \"(subjective) idea/thoughts\". In this case this 主観 refers to\nhis unrealistic impression that he has met someone in another world (\"beyond\nthe dimension\").\n\nWhat he was aware of is a relatively long noun phrase,\n彼女との出会いが[気の置けない](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%B0%97%E3%81%8C%E7%BD%AE%E3%81%91%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)友達と会うようなものではないこと\n(\"that the encounter with her is nothing like meeting with close friends\").",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T04:25:20.343",
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{
"body": "**くらいには**\n\nくらいには is _na-adjective_ くらい（だ） + _particle_ は.\n\nAs na-adjectives exploit nominal particles as their \"conjugations\", here the\nくらいに form is treated as its adverbial form (連用形). Also note that くらい itself\nhas both facets as a noun and an adjective. The noun form くらい has adverbial\nusage, too. However, bare adverbial くらい and くらいに have some difference in\nusage.\n\n> 苗が一週間で10cm **くらい** 成長した。 _the sapling grew (approx.) 10cm in a week._ \n> 苗が一週間で10cm **くらいに** 成長した。 _the sapling grew **to** (approx.) 10cm in a\n> week._\n\nBut in all other times when the distinction of the \"final level\" and the\n\"changed amount\" is vague, the difference wouldn't be critical:\n\n> もう歩けるくらい回復した。 ≒ もう歩けるくらいに回復した。\n\nNow the second problem is は. It's the well-known topic particle, and\nparticularly in this context, it adds to a nuance of \"at minimum\". But what\nmight be more important here is that は clearly divides くらい and くらいに into noun\nand adjective/adverbial usages.\n\n> ?? もう歩けるくらいは回復した。 (loses the adverbial reading) \n> ○ もう歩けるくらいには回復した。\n\nSo, this ～くらいには can be translated as \"at minimum to the level/degree --\", or\nin more natural way, \"(easily) enough to --\". You can never reword it using\nくらいは.\n\n**主観**\n\nIn philosophical parlance, it should be translated as \"subject\". The\ntranslation \"subjectivity\" only works in the following definition.\n\n> Some information, idea, situation, or physical thing considered true only\n> from the perspective of a subject or subjects.\n> ([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivity))\n\nAll other meanings of _subjectivity_ (see the link) should correspond to 主観\n**性**.\n\nBut in daily language, it's used to roughly denote \"one's own (personal)\nfeelings/stance/understanding\" without much lofty connotation. In this\nspecific case, it indicates the idea that he thinks \"僕は今、その次元を超えた邂逅を果たしていた\"\n(in the top of this paragraph).\n\nBy the way, the meaning of 支配 is a little hard to grasp. I guess it's intended\nto be \"overwhelm\" or \"engulf\" here. Your \"compel\" is a good choice too, but in\nthat case \"compelled to (have the idea)\" is felt more suitable than \"compelled\nby\".\n\n**The sentence**\n\nThis sentence is hard to understand correctly. The structure is doubly\nambiguous on where the clause ～くらいには should settle on.\n\n 1. ～くらいには……理解していた (I was aware ... enough to --)\n 2. ～くらいには……ではない \n 1. ～くらいには……～ようなものだ + ない (it is not [something like ... enough to --])\n 2. ～くらいには……～ようなものではない (it is something [not like ...] enough to --)\n\nThough the option 2-1 is less likely from the context, the sentence is still\nroundabout and ambiguous.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T06:14:37.383",
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]
| 43066 | 43075 | 43075 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43074",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reading about the upcoming movie\n[この[世界]{せかい}の[片隅]{かたすみ}に](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_This_Corner_of_the_World)\n- and I thought about what the title might mean. I quickly arrived at \" **In a\ncorner of this world** \" (which some sources also seem to list it as). But...\nthe official localization is \" **In this corner of the world** \". That's when\nI realized, there might be two possible ways the phrase works:\n\n * ［この世界］の片隅に – \"In a corner of this world\", or...\n\n * この［世界の片隅］に – \"In this corner of the world\"\n\nSo the questions I'd like answered are:\n\n * Which one is correct?\n * Does この refer to 世界 or the entire phrase \"世界の片隅\"?\n * Would saying something like \"世界のこの片隅に\" be correct (despite sounding _very_ wrong)?\n * And whichever of the translations is correct, how would you say the other one?\n\nIt might get even more complicated with longer の chains... So I'd also like to\nknow:\n\n * In general, is there a way to specify which noun in a の series a demonstrative (この, その, あの...) refers to? Or do you have to rephrase the sentence somehow?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-01-31T20:11:14.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43067",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-01-31T21:24:25.417",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particle-の",
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "「このＸのＹ」– What does この refer to?",
"view_count": 274
} | [
{
"body": "I feel that \"In a corner of this world\" should be an appropriate tanslation of\n\"この世界の片隅に.\"\n\n> The followings are commonn use of \"この\" \n> ・この世界に愛があれば、人類は救われる。=世界に愛があれば、人類は救われる。 \n> ・この世界に核がある限り、いつか人類は滅亡{めつぼう}する。=世界に核がある限り、いつか人類は滅亡する。 \n> 「世界」ではなく、「この世界」と言う時、「私たちが住んでいるこの世界」というニュアンスが込められている。\"This world\" has the\n> nuance of \"this world we live in daily\"\n\n「この世界」is a phrase.\n\n> ちなみに「あの世界」と言えば、「死後の世界」を意味します。 \n> 「あの世界」is also one phrase and means \"\"the afterworld.\"\n\nThe above explanation refers the one phrase of \"この世界\" and \"あの世界\"\n\nThe followings are the examples of \"この\", \"あの\" and \"その\" in general.\n\n> 「この本」\"This book\" : The speaker and listener talk about the book, and the\n> book is in front of them. \n> 「あの本」\"That book\" : The speaker and listener talk about the book, and the\n> book is not in front of them. They saw the book before. \n> 「その本」\"That book or The book\" : The speaker and listener talk about the\n> book, and the book is not in front of them. They have not seen the book\n> before.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T03:50:57.417",
"id": "43073",
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{
"body": "Both interpretations are technically possible, but when I read this firstly, I\nthought この only modifies 世界 (i.e., \"this world\"). That is, if I were to\ntranslate the Japanese title literally, I would choose \"In a corner of this\nworld.\" (Note that I don't know much about the movie. And I wouldn't say \"In\nthis corner of the world\" is a bad translation, either. There may be a\nreason.)\n\n片隅 is a word that vaguely refers to an inconspicuous place. Specifying it as\n\"この/あの片隅\" or counting 片隅 (like 2つの片隅) is not common. On the other hand, この世界\nis a phrase I have heard hundreds of times. For the same reason, 世界のこの片隅に\nsounds a bit weird to me, although it is perfectly grammatical and possible as\nan eye-catching movie title. Something like 世界のこの場所で sounds more \"normal\" to\nme.\n\n> In general, is there a way to specify which noun in a の series a\n> demonstrative (この, その, あの...) refers to?\n\nI doubt it. I think we are choosing \"the most sane interpretation\" almost\nunconsciously, case by case. When I hear この熊のぬいぐるみ, I would definitely\ninterpret it as \"this stuffed bear\" but not \"a stuffed bear modeled on this\nbear.\"",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T03:53:06.830",
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}
]
| 43067 | 43074 | 43074 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43072",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have encountered four words referring to anger, and would like to know how\nthey differ.\n\nThe first is 怒る{おこる}. It seems to be the most neutral option.\n\nNext is 怒る{いかる}. It's very rare as a verb, and seems to be a little archaic.\n\nNow we have ムカつく. I haven't encountered it very much, but it seems extremely\ninformal, almost vulgar.\n\nFinally there is イラつく. It seems to be just a little less informal than ムカつく?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Connotations of words referring to anger",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "主要なニュアンスの違いは以下です。\n\n・怒{おこ}る\n\n> ・お母さんが子供を叱{しか}る際に：「お母さんは本当に怒{おこ}っているのよ。」 \n> この場合のように、「怒{おこ}る」は、目上の者から目下の者に示す強い非難の感情。 \n> 同じレベルや、それに近い場合でも使われる。 \n> ・弟が兄に対して：「僕は、お兄ちゃんに（対して）本当に怒{おこ}っているんだからね」 \n> いずれにしても、＜人が、人に対して、怒{おこ}る＞\n\n・怒{いか}る\n\n> ・市民が市長の不正に対して：「我々市民は市長に怒{いか}っております。」 \n> 社会や状況に対して、それを非難する強い感情。 \n> 「市長に怒る」では、怒りの対象は「市長と言う役職における不正」。 \n> ・神の教えに反する人間の行いが原因で：「神の怒りに触{ふれ}る」 \n> いずれにしても＜人（あるいは神が）、事{こと}に対して怒{いか}る＞\n\n・「ムカつく」、「イラつく」（Both are vulgar.「ムカつく」 is more informal than 「イラつく」）\n\n> 「ムカつく」も「イラつく」も、人が不快な状態にあることを示す表現。 \n> ・独り言、あるいは本人のいないところで、自分の感情を表現する：「俺、あいつには本当にムカつくんだよな。」 \n> 普通の人が、直接相手に言うことはない。 \n> チンピラは言う。「おめぇは、ムカつく野郎だぜ。」 \n> ＜私が、誰か（相手）に、ムカつく＞\n\n・第三者が、他人の感情を表現する：「夫は、一日中イラついていたようです。」 \n＜誰か（主体）が、イラつく＞\n\n※苛{いら}立{だ}ち\n\n> ニュースでよく聞く表現：「アメリカ政府は、日本の為替政策に苛{いら}立{だ}ちを示しています」\n\n※寺山修司（劇作家、1935-1983）は、「正義の味方とは、何かに怒っている存在だ。例えば大魔神がそうだ。」と言った。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T02:35:20.400",
"id": "43072",
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| 43070 | 43072 | 43072 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43103",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm confused with unknown for me verb form, which I faced on two sentences in\na row. It looks like Verb (nai form) + れ or passive voice without ます/る. \nThe examples with the full context:\n\n> 雲は **流され** 慌てふためき \n> 風が **招かれ** 吹き荒れる\n\nCan someone explain me what form is this, when does it used and what is the\nmeaning of it? I tried to google this, but found nothing Т_т \nMoreover, why there are different particles (は/が) on those two cases?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T12:22:25.380",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Verb (nai form) + れ or passive voice without ます/る?",
"view_count": 409
} | [
{
"body": "The verb is 流す（ながす）and there are two forms of the verb happening here.\n\n 1. It's using a passive form: 流される。\n 2. Often times in written language, it's using stem form: 流され in place of the spoken form, would be the same as 流されて、\n\nThe second verb is 招く（まねく）and if you've learned the other forms described\nabove, you can figure out the rest.\n\nAs for は/が, those can be quite difficult and I would suggest reading more of\nthe explanation of those differences online. (TLDR: my explanation would be\nlong and probably not that great)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T20:46:09.647",
"id": "43103",
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{
"body": "As for は/が, it's similar to difference of nuance between that/this.\n\nIf there's not particular requirement, the sentence would be enough with \"(If\nsomething happens, then) 雲 **が** 流され慌てふためき 風 **が** 招かれ吹き荒れる\" because they are\nnew information.\n\nNow, using は for 雲 is like scooping it out from the rest of the sentence and\nit can give a rhetorical effect of conveying a sense of distance, which is\nkind of like use of \"that\" opposed to \"this\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T23:22:41.640",
"id": "43108",
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| 43081 | 43103 | 43103 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43084",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am using 鼻水 but it doesn't seem right. I wanted to find the term for a head\ncold.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T12:37:16.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43082",
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"last_edit_date": "2018-07-25T18:30:17.887",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "How do I say the term cold as in the sickness, in Japanese?",
"view_count": 915
} | [
{
"body": "It would be 「鼻{はな}かぜ」.\n\n「鼻水｛はなみず｝」 means \"snot\", \"runny nose\", etc.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T12:45:10.347",
"id": "43084",
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| 43082 | 43084 | 43084 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43127",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Could someone please explain to me the different meanings that ものだ can have at\nthe end of a sentence ? Here are some examples I understand the general\nmeaning of, but I don't understand the logic/grammar behind ものだ\n\n> * 留学したい **ものだ**\n> * 約束は守る **ものだ**\n> * 父は以前はバスで仕事に行った **ものだ**\n> * 生徒はもっと勉強する **ものだ**\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T12:44:20.223",
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"id": "43083",
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"owner_user_id": "19574",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 26,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"formal-nouns"
],
"title": "The meanings of ものだ",
"view_count": 7330
} | [
{
"body": "The second and fourth ones are the case where it is kind of a general rule or\nexpectation. It translates as \"should (always)\", and could be replaced with\n〜べき.\n\n> * 約束は守るものだ → You should always keep your promises.\n> * 生徒はもっと勉強するものだ → (The) Students should study harder.\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T16:10:19.013",
"id": "43088",
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},
{
"body": "There are **_four_** basic usages/meanings of the sentence-ending\nものだ/ものです/ものである, etc. In colloquial speech, 「もの」 often changes to 「もん」.\n\n1) Exclamation, deep emotion, surprise, praise, etc.\n\n2) General tendencies and cold facts.\n\n3) Advice based on common sense, customs, etc.\n\n4) Recollection and reminiscence.\n\nThe context in which 「～～ものだ」 appears should tell you which usage/meaning it is\nbeing used for. My advice would be to not over-analyze the short phrase 「ものだ」,\nwhich consists only of two words. Instead, try to get used to the usages by\nreading a lot and forming many example sentences yourself.\n\nNow, let us take a look at the sentences you have listed.\n\n> 「留学{りゅうがく}したいものだ。」 \"I really would like to study abroad.\"\n\nwould clearly be type #1 above. The speaker's wish to go study abroad is\nrather strong here.\n\n> 「約束{やくそく}は守{まも}るものだ。」 \"People should keep their promises.\"\n\nwould be type #3 because that is common sense.\n\n> 「父{ちち}は以前{いぜん}はバスで仕事{しごと}に行{い}ったものだ。」 \"Daddy used to commute to work by\n> bus.\"\n\nType #4, no sweat. It is about how something used to be done. The key phrase\nis 「以前は」 with the **contrastive 「は」**. The father commuted by bus before, but\nnot anymore.\n\n> 「生徒{せいと}はもっと勉強{べんきょう}するものだ。」 \"Students should study harder.\"\n\nThis would be a split between types #2 and #3. A larger context would probably\ntell us which one.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T10:58:27.370",
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}
]
| 43083 | 43127 | 43127 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I recently learned that バレー is the short form of バレーボール and the word for\nballet, on the other hand is typically spelled バレエ. I'm wondering whether this\ndifference in spelling reflects a phonetic contrast.\n\nAt least according to Wikipedia, the pronunciation of\n[バレー](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC) and\n[バレエ](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A8#Japanese) is\nthe same, but when I asked a native speaker she told that she thinks that the\npronunciation does differ, although she admitted that both words \"kinda\" sound\nthe same.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T15:13:37.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43085",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12239",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Are バレー (volleyball) and バレエ (ballet) pronounced differently?",
"view_count": 406
} | [
{
"body": "They definitely sound different. (I would say for バレー, the sound is a bit\nextended on the \"re\") As to \"how big of a difference,\" that's a matter of\nopinion. (By the way, there are a lot of words that are spelled exactly the\nsame and have different sounds as well! e.g: 地震（じしん）と自信（じしん）)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T20:52:52.097",
"id": "43104",
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"score": -1
},
{
"body": "(Disclaimer: The following is my personal understanding; I could not find\nauthoritative reference about this, and I don't own an accent dictionary.)\n\n * バレー (volleyball): almost always バレー【HLL】 (unless it's in a compound word such as バレーボール【LHHHLL】)\n * バレエ (ballet): either as バレエ【LHH】 or バレエ【HLL】.\n\nFor ballet, I feel バレエ【LHH】 sounds somewhat more \"modern\" or \"jargon-like\",\nwhile バレエ【HLL】 may be the \"orthodox\" pronunciation. (The same goes for\nドラマ【LHH】 vs ドラマ【HLL】, クラブ【LHH】 vs クラブ【HLL】, etc)\n\nThis means when you hear バレエ【LHH】をやっています, you can usually assume it means\nballet, while when you hear バレー【HLL】をやっています, you have to guess or ask. And I\nhave definitely heard native speakers ask どっちのバレー? (\"Which バレー do you mean?\")\nseveral times.\n\nBy the way, from what I understand, バレエ is conventionally spelled as such so\nthat it can be visually distinguished from バレー(ボール). Ballet is sometimes\nspelled also as バレー, and I think it's not wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T01:43:49.490",
"id": "43112",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-02T02:03:18.557",
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},
{
"body": "Firstly, as a learner of Japanese I have personally only heard them pronounced\nin the same way, and I have not been able to find any contrasting example on\n[Forvo](https://ja.forvo.com/) or Youtube (only a couple of searches).\n\n(But I _guess_ a possible explanation for any perceived deviations in\npronunciation may come from the fact that the longer form of volleyball has\nanother accentuation pattern, which perhaps may influence some speakers to\npronounce the short form of volleyball (slightly) different than ballet.)\n\nAll resources I have checked also give the pronunciations as the same. I have\ntaken the liberty to convert the various accent visualisations to the format\nof Japanese.SE, see below.\n\n**Kenkyusha’s New Japanese—English Dictionary** (4th ed., 1974):\n\n```\n\n バレー{HLL} ballet, volleyball\n バレーボール{LHHHLL} volleyball\n \n```\n\nEnglish **Wiktionary** (as of 2017-02-02):\n\n```\n\n バレー{HLL} volleyball, ballet\n バレエ{HLL} ballet\n バレーボール{LHHHLL} volleyball\n \n```\n\n**[OJAD](http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/)** (as of 2017-02-02):\n\n```\n\n バレエ{HLL}\n バレーボール{LHHHLL}\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T01:44:13.350",
"id": "43113",
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| 43085 | null | 43112 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wonder what is the difference between 処置【しょち】 and 措置【そち】. Could you please\nexplain their differences on the next two phrases? :\n\n> 是正処置【ぜせいしょち】 and 是正措置【ぜせいそち】",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T16:31:49.667",
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"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 処置 and 措置?",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "The two terms are translated as corrective action and corrective measures.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T18:29:23.850",
"id": "43095",
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| 43089 | null | 43095 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43092",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I learned that 氏 is more respectful, and have seen it used with presidents and\nprime ministers, but I am not sure if it is still appropriate to use both\nterms when addressing people verbally.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T17:43:01.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43091",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-01T18:47:40.813",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-01T18:01:10.520",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 氏 and さん？",
"view_count": 568
} | [
{
"body": "Related: [What does 氏 mean after a name, how is it different from さん or\n様?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2482/what-\ndoes-%E6%B0%8F-mean-after-a-name-how-is-it-different-\nfrom-%E3%81%95%E3%82%93-or-%E6%A7%98)\n\n* * *\n\nThe sound of 「氏」 is highly objective, compared to 「さん」. On the other hand,\n「さん」 is still respectful but also often includes somewhat friendly and\nsubjective nuance.\n\nAs a result, it is very common to say 「○○ **さん** 」 to mean \" _you_ \", while it\nis not standard to say 「○○ **氏** 」.\n\nIn contrast, 「氏」 is preferred to 「さん」 in news articles, as it should be\nwritten in an objective style.\n\n* * *\n\nSo, the reason you see 「氏」 is used for presidents and prime ministers is that\nthey often appear in such formal and objective writings as news articles. In\nour daily conversation we often refer to the prime minister of Japan by 「安倍\n**さん** 」 rather than 「安倍 **氏** 」. This is because spoken words tend to be more\nor less subjective.\n\nThe difference of the two words are rather their nuance. There is no\nrestriction to the kind of people to which 「氏」 and 「さん」 can be used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T18:07:46.993",
"id": "43092",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "As a native English speaker fluent in Japanese, I notice common usage of 「氏」is\ncloser to \"gentleman,\" and 「さん」is closer to \"mister.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T18:47:40.813",
"id": "43096",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-01T18:47:40.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19665",
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}
]
| 43091 | 43092 | 43092 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43102",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From [this\narticle](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010858331000/k10010858331000.html):\n\n> 静岡県の伊豆は、キンメダイという魚や温泉などが有名な観光地です。 \n> Shizuoka's Izu is famous for hot springs and _some weird_ fish \n> 伊豆の海岸を走っている伊豆急行 **で** 、赤いキンメダイをイメージした電車の運転が始まることになりました。 \n> A train service, that looks like a red fish, will start running along the\n> Izu coast, _run by_ Izu Express. \n> たくさんの人に観光に来てもらうために、 **伊豆急行と** 近くの６つの市と町が **考えました** 。 \n> For the purpose of getting lots of people to come sight seeing, 6 nearby\n> towns and cities **thought up the Izu express**\n\nThe part in bold in the last sentence is just a guess. I assume that と is\nquotative here? I'm guessing that it was something like:\n\n> [Izu express would be a great idea]と考える\n\nbut with \"would be a great idea\" omitted as being too obvious to everyone but\nme. Is my thinking correct?\n\nI also have a question on the second sentence. Does 伊豆の海岸を走っている modify 伊豆急行?\nIt feels to me like it should modify 電車の運転 but I worry that the comma prevents\nthat from being possible. Finally, is で 'by means of' here or copula. I think\nit must by \"by means of\". If it was copula then we'd have \" **It** is the Izu\nexpress which runs along the Izu coast and ...\" but we don't yet know what '\n**it** ' is.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T18:25:26.787",
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"id": "43094",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Understanding nounと考える",
"view_count": 316
} | [
{
"body": "1. I don't see the と as quotative. \n 2. The `伊豆の海岸を走っている` does modify `伊豆急行`. I wouldn't worry about the comma as those are suggestive rather than part of the rule like in Engish.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T20:40:21.493",
"id": "43102",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 43094 | 43102 | 43102 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43098",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This morning I received a parcel with some gifts from my Japanese friends and\nthere it was written ミゲル(?), which is my name (Miguel) and some handwritten\nkanji that I cannot recognize (only the 木 radical on the left, but I don't\nfind any similar kanji when I search by radical). Maybe it varies too much\nfrom handwritten script to computer script.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tsu2X.jpg)\n\nI tried to draw it in some mobile app that I have, but maybe my calligraphy is\ntoo bad; it does not produce any result. Could you tell me what kanji it is?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T18:59:22.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "15744",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "I cannot recognize this kanji after my name",
"view_count": 1022
} | [
{
"body": "That is the kanji 様{さま}, used here as an honorific after your name.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T19:21:34.653",
"id": "43098",
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},
{
"body": "It's 様{さま}, which means \"the honorable\". It could be considered a much more\nrespectful equivalent of さん.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T19:22:26.240",
"id": "43099",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Although \"which kanji it is?\" was already answered, I'd like to expand on the\n\"I cannot recognize this kanji\" part.\n\nRecognizing handwritten kanji takes time, but **guessing by context** may\nhelp.\n\nIn this case, the kanji appears next to, and after, your name. Frequent kanji\nor words in that position are honorific suffixes: ちゃん, さん, 君, 様, 先生. You could\nthen search for those in a dictionary and compare to the handwritten one.\n\n(Another example: the largest kanji on packaging would probably be related to\nthe item inside, such as 筆.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T20:54:12.967",
"id": "43144",
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"score": 3
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]
| 43097 | 43098 | 43098 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43120",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I could not figure out the meaning of it. What does 使わずに mean?\n\n> うちに **使わずに** 眠っているピアノが一台ある。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T19:28:49.660",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43100",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-01T19:31:53.480",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "What does 使わずに mean?",
"view_count": 1306
} | [
{
"body": "EDIT: 使わずに means 使わないで which just means \"without doing.\" You can look up\nexamples on the web. It's a combination of the different form of the verb for\nnegatives + に.\n\nExamples:\n\n * する - せず\n * 食べる - 食べず\n * 帰る - 帰らず",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T20:32:04.257",
"id": "43101",
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{
"body": "使わずに means \"without using\".\n\nThe ~ずに pattern is used to indicate absence of an action(since ずに is added\nonly to verbs). You add ずに to the negative root [ない] form of a verb. Eg:\n\n歌{うた}う- 歌{うた}わない- 歌{うた}わずに\n\n帰{かえ}る- 帰{かえ}らない- 帰{かえ}らずに\n\nAs mentioned in the comment on the answer above the [~ずに] pattern is similar\nto the [~ないで] pattern.You can check these links out\n\n[JGram](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=zuni)\n\n[MaggieSensei](http://maggiesensei.com/2013/10/22/%E3%80%9C%E3%81%9A%E3%81%AB-\nzuni-%E3%80%9C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7naide/)\n\nSo, the translation(not literal) of your sentence according to me is-\n\nThere's an unused piano at my home/I have an unused piano lying at my home.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T05:40:31.977",
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| 43100 | 43120 | 43120 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If someone asks you a question, for example:\n\n> 明日、一緒に行く？\n\nWhat is a natural way to say \"maybe\"?\n\nI am familiar with various ways to express uncertainty:\n\n> 多分 \n> だろう \n> かもしれない\n\nHowever I think none of these may sound too natural, or at least express the\nsame light(?) feeling of English \"maybe\".\n\nThe best I can think of is:\n\n> うん〜考えとく。\n\nIs there anything else that would fit here to express uncertainty?\n\n> 行くかもしれない\n\nSounds stiff to me.\n\n> さぁ〜\n\nSounds too rude.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-01T21:37:35.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43105",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Term for \"maybe\" when answering a question in conversation",
"view_count": 626
} | [
{
"body": "This doesn't directly address the word \"maybe\", but a very Japanese answer\nwould be\n\n> まー、行けたら行く。 → I'll go if I'm able.\n\nLike \"maybe\", this gives the impression that you more than likely won't be\nable to go. Also note that most of the time, to a Japanese person this is just\na polite, indirect way of saying \"no\"; the same way 難しい usually means \"no\" and\nnot actually \"it will be difficult\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T22:08:21.633",
"id": "43106",
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| 43105 | null | 43106 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43137",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 病人を気遣って何が悪いののさ\n\nis the sentence a friend sent me. The meaning is\n\n> \"What's wrong with worrying about a sick person?\".\n\nHowever, what do the trailing の's do and what is さ doing here? My professor\nexplained it briefly as being similar to ですよ but I don't understand why it is\nbeing used here.\n\nMy only guess is that the first の is being used like it would be in this\nexample sentence:\n\n> 赤いセータと青いのを買った = I bought a red sweater and a blue one.\n\nand that the second one is being used as a question marker turning the さ into\na colloquial form of ですか",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-01T22:37:51.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43107",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-03T00:24:55.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11827",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What do all these の's do in this sentence?",
"view_count": 292
} | [
{
"body": "病人を気遣って何が悪いののさ : \"ののさ\" is a typo as the comment had pointed out.\n\n> 1) 病人を気遣って何が悪いのさ \n> = 2) 病人を気遣って何が悪いのさ？ \n> = 3) 病人を気遣って何が悪いの(？) \n> = 4) 病人を気遣って何が悪いのですか(？) \n> Why not caring the sick?\n\n1), 2), 3) are colloquial expressions.\n\n※ There is no Japanese expression \"何が悪いのですよ.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T02:09:51.353",
"id": "43116",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-02T02:09:51.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19219",
"parent_id": "43107",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "EDIT: Downvotes indicate there may be some misunderstanding, so I added some\nexplanatory information below.\n\nThe \"standard\" use of 「～さ」as a sentence ending particle is common and well\nknown. [This\nlink](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/sentence_ending) for a\nquick lesson on it courtesy of Tae Kim.\n\nHowever, the use of 「のさ」 at the end of a question is not common use with\nstandard Japanese. I asked a few Japanese people at work and they all did not\nrecognize this use. I did, however, get an answer from someone who is from Mie\nprefecture.\n\n「のさ」is a common auxiliary verb found in many [Japanese\ndialects](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E3%81%AE%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83%E8%A1%A8)\nused to emphasize the sentence, especially the verb. (Reference only in\nJapanese, sorry. Could not find equivalent data in English.)\n\nThink of it almost as an exclamation mark.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T04:05:41.787",
"id": "43118",
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"owner_user_id": "18608",
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"score": -1
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{
"body": "First of all, the sentence:\n\n> 「病人{びょうにん}を気遣{きづか}って何{なに}が悪{わる}い **のの** さ。」\n\nmakes little sense as is because of the 「のの」 part. As has been stated by\nothers, that should be a single 「の」 instead.\n\nSecond of all, your professor's comment makes no sense if I may be honest.\nThat is if s/he is saying that 「ののさ」 or 「のさ」 means 「ですよ」.\n\nThe 「の」 in 「悪いのさ」 is a particle expressing affirmation/declaration.\n\nThe sentence-ending particle 「さ」, when used in conjunction with an\ninterrogative (in this case, 「何」), expresses a light kind of **_refutation_**.\n\n> \"What the heck's wrong with worrying about a sick person?\"\n\nBy now, it should be clear (if I did an OK job here) that the 「の」 has\nabsolutely nothing to do with the 「の」 in 「赤{あか}いセータと青{あお}いのを買{か}った 。」. The 「の」\nin that sentence is a nominalizer. \"a blue **_one_** \".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T14:30:11.427",
"id": "43137",
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}
]
| 43107 | 43137 | 43137 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43111",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is a classification word for all profanities and obscenities? Does\nJapanese have a euphemism similar to \"f-word\" in English? Does 悪口 fit the\ndefinition?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T01:13:34.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43110",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-02T01:42:46.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "What Japanese word is used as a classification for all profanities?",
"view_count": 672
} | [
{
"body": "「放送禁止用語{ほうそうきんしようご}」 would be a fairly safe word choice here. Literally, that\nmeans \"the words forbidden on the air\". Though it uses six kanji, it is not a\nheavy-sounding word at all.\n\nIf you used a more \"dictionary translation\" kind of word such as 「卑語{ひご}」 or\n「冒涜的{ぼうとくてき}な言葉{ことば}」, it would be much more uncommon and it would sound much\nheavier and technical.\n\n「悪口{わるぐち}」 means a totally different thing. It means \"abuse\", \"slander\", etc.\nIt refers to the action and not the words uttered themselves.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T01:42:46.503",
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}
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| 43110 | 43111 | 43111 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43115",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am learning hiragana and the word _ichigo_ has confused me. What is the\nhiragana for _go_? My hiragana chart has a symbol for _ko_ but not _go_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T01:53:16.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43114",
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"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "19668",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Confusion regarding \"go\" and \"ko\" in hiragana",
"view_count": 1263
} | [
{
"body": "The hiragana for _go_ is `ご` -- こ with\n[dakuten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakuten) (voicing mark). A larger\nhiragana chart should also include voiced hiragana (が: _ga_ , ぼ: _bo_ , etc),\nbut the rule is fairly simple anyway.\n\nSee: [Ko (kana)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko_\\(kana\\))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T01:57:43.433",
"id": "43115",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 43114 | 43115 | 43115 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43122",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was surprised to see [this Tumblr\npost](http://nihongokudasai.tumblr.com/post/136616975121/regretting-not-doing-\nsomethingforgetting-to-do) describe ～んだった used to mark regret. I can only\nassume it's true, but I'm not sure (1) how much of a colloquial\nexpression/slang is it? (2) what does it come from, grammatically?\n\nI'm familiar with のだ → んだ, but that doesn't seem like the past form (past+んだ)\nso is it maybe some kind of abbreviation of んだったらいい？ It doesn't really make\nsense though... and I couldn't really find anything anywhere else!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T03:21:06.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43117",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-04T03:37:46.840",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7148",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions"
],
"title": "〜んだった to express regret?",
"view_count": 3321
} | [
{
"body": "I think that it is pretty often used in casual speech, the way you describe\nit, to express regret about something you did not do or forgot to do.\n\n「納豆を買うんだった！忘れちゃった。」\n\nThe native speaker I am using as my point of reference would more frequently\nuse the above over the one below.\n\n「納豆を買えばよかった。」\n\nI have to admit this is a somewhat unusual way of turning a verb into a past\nform, but it is very natural expression nonetheless.\n\nAlso, from my understanding, the former sentence indicates that you had\nplanned to buy it before you went to the shop, but you forgot, whereas the\nlatter is more like reflecting on your choice after you came back home. \"Maybe\nI should have bought natto?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T06:11:10.933",
"id": "43121",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> の-だ〘連語〙 \n> ❻《「・・・のだった」の形で》㋑ 悔やむ気持ちを表す。・・・しておけばよかった。「こんなことなら予約しておくのだった。」 \n> ・・・ \n> （表現）話し言葉では「んだ」となることが多い。\n\n* * *\n\n> (1) how much of a colloquial expression/slang is it?\n\nIt is a colloquial expression, but I don't think it's slang.\n\n> (2) what does it come from, grammatically? \n> is it maybe some kind of abbreviation of んだったらいい？\n\nNo, it is not the abbreviation of んだったらいい. I think 「～するんだった」 is similar in\nmeaning and construct to 「～する **べき** だった」. (べき indicates 当然、義務)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T06:15:28.653",
"id": "43122",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 43117 | 43122 | 43122 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43141",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know how ichigo is pronounced. I have listened but I cannot\ncatch it. I would love to understand the rules for this pronunciation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T04:21:11.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43119",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-02T09:50:45.997",
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"owner_user_id": "19668",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Pronouncing ichigo",
"view_count": 327
} | [
{
"body": "It's pronounced as it's spelled. I-chi-go .",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T16:42:47.243",
"id": "43141",
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| 43119 | 43141 | 43141 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43124",
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"body": "I'm studying by my textbook 日本語総まとめ 読解 (N3) and faced this exercise. The\ncorrect answer is 1 and 5. But I don't understand why the answer 4 is\nincorrect. Apparently, I'm missing something, but I read this text many times\nand still don't understand.\n\n",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T08:32:47.260",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Text explanation",
"view_count": 132
} | [
{
"body": "In general 通り過ぎる implies you were in the proximity of that thing. In this case\nthey didn't come close to the pharmacy, so you wouldn't normally use 通り過ぎる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-02T09:01:43.657",
"id": "43124",
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| 43123 | 43124 | 43124 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43135",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Now I have been self studying Japanese for 1 and a half year now. Today I came\nacross this sentence:\n\n> 彼はかなり英語が上手です。 \n> He is pretty good at English.\n\nI have always been taught that I should construct sentence like these like:\n\n> 彼の英語はかなり上手です。 \n> His English is pretty good.\n\nI just wanted to know if there is some kind of different message being\ntransferred with the first one. Maybe it's more fluent?\n\nAll help/criticism is welcome.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Difference between 彼はかなり英語が上手です and 彼の英語はかなり上手です",
"view_count": 253
} | [
{
"body": "I don't see any difference in terms of fluency.\n\nIt is really hard for me to tell the differences. They are almost the same.\nBut, after self-observation for a while, I came up with this.\n\n「は」 limits scope of a topic. 「A は B」suggests that \"I am talking only about A\nbut not other things.\"\n\nSo, for example, suppose someone asks 「我々には三人の候補者がいる。意見が欲しい。」(\"We have three\ncandidates. Any ideas?\").\n\n「彼はかなり英語が上手です。」(I am talking only about him not other candidates.)\n\n「彼の英語はかなり上手です。」(I am talking only about his English skill.)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T13:13:49.933",
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| 43126 | 43135 | 43135 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43134",
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"body": "> 国土交通省は、港がある県や市などと一緒にクルーズ船のための岸壁をつくる計画です \n> The ministry, together with cities and prefectures that have ports, has a\n> plan to build wharfs for cruise ships.\n\nIf I strip the example sentence to the important parts I have\n\n> 国土交通省は計画です \n> The ministry **is** a plan\n\nI keep seeing sentences of the form AはBです which seem to mean 'A **has** B'\nrather than 'A **is** B'.\n\nWhen and why is this possible? Is it incorrect to say:\n\n> 国土交通省は計画があります\n\nWhat is the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T11:47:02.787",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"copula"
],
"title": "When can AはBです mean 'A has B'",
"view_count": 269
} | [
{
"body": "> 国土交通省はつくる計画です。\n\nThis should be the correct stripping. \"There is a plan in which the ministry\nwill build blahblah.\"\n\n> *国土交通省は計画です。\n\nThis does not make sense.\n\n> 国土交通省は計画があります。\n\nThis a correct sentence.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T12:41:57.503",
"id": "43133",
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},
{
"body": "You can say/write (a bit less colloquially):\n\n> ～～はXXする計画です。 \n> ～～はXXする予定です。 \n> ～～はXXする考えです。\n\nto mean\n\n> ～～はXXすることを計画しています。 ~~ is planning to do XX \n> ～～はXXすることを予定しています。 ~~ is planning/scheduled to do XX \n> ～～はXXしようと考えています。/ するつもりです。 ~~ is thinking of doing XX / intend to do XX\n\nrespectively.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T12:44:44.147",
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| 43128 | 43134 | 43134 |
{
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"body": "What would be the difference between **発行【はっこう】する** and **作成【さくせい】する** when\ntalking about documents? I will use both of them in the next sentence, could\nyou please tell me if there is any difference?\n\n> 不良品【ふりょうひん】の返品伝票【へんぴんでんぴょう】を **作成【さくせい】する** 。\n>\n> 不良品の返品伝票を **発行【はっこう】する** 。\n\nGreat thanks is advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 発行する and 作成する when talking about documents?",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "From jisho.org\n\n[発行{はっこう}する](http://jisho.org/search/%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)- To\npublish(a newspaper,magazine, general public consumption material) which is\nexpected to be consumed(read) by a large number of people.\n\n[作成{さくせい}する](http://jisho.org/search/%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)- To\nwrite/draw up a _legal_ document. Meant for a specific(small) group of people\nand serving a very specific purpose(defining the scope/boundary/will of\nevent/s or person/s)\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T12:37:30.723",
"id": "43132",
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"body": "Compare these two definitions:\n\n> 計画や書類、また文章などを **作る** こと。 \n> — [さくせい【作成】の意味 -\n> goo国語辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/86983/meaning/m0u/%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90/\n> \"さくせい【作成】の意味 - goo国語辞書\")\n>\n> 紙幣・債券・証明書・定期券・入場券などを **作って、通用させる** こと。 \n> — [はっこう【発行】の意味 -\n> goo国語辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/177409/meaning/m0u/ \"はっこう【発行】の意味 -\n> goo国語辞書\")\n\n発行 is more explicit in saying that the document is not just _created_ but also\n_made effective_ , often in an official or somewhat irrevocable way.\n\nIn actual use, 作成 can **imply** that the document was also made effective, but\nyou can't be sure without additional context.\n\nIn terms of 伝票, a simple distinction would be:\n\n 1. 返品伝票を **作成** する = _create_ a return slip\n 2. 返品伝票を **発行** する = _issue_ a return slip\n\nFor example, I can imagine an app where you click the 作成 button to create a\nnew slip, and when you're done filling it out, click the 発行 button to\nprint/send it. (But of course, since 発行 includes the notion of 作成, there could\nalso be an app where a single 発行 button both creates and prints the new slip.)",
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{
"body": "発行 = to issue, to circulate ( usually in large quantities) 作成 = to create, to\ncompose\n\n小説を作成して 発行をします。 After writing the novel, I will publish it",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-15T18:23:27.783",
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| 43129 | 43546 | 43546 |
{
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"body": "The background is the factory's production zone. There are lots of _boxes_\nwith different filling. There are boxes with _finished products_ , but also\nthere are boxes with _NG-products_ (defect products). Every box **has to be\nmarked** with some coloured label, telling what kind of product is inside the\nbox.\n\nIf I need **to mark** several boxes, could I express my sentence in Japanese\nusing the verb \" **表示する{ひょうじする}** \" or there is some better way to express the\nprocess of marking by stickering colourful info-labels on the boxes?\n\nAlso, if I mark boxes _just by writing_ info on them, not using a sticker, if\nI still can use the verb **表示する**? Thank you so much in advance for your\ncomments!",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T12:30:24.037",
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"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "How to express in Japanese \"to mark\" something?",
"view_count": 263
} | [
{
"body": "By writing, using a sticker or even using a lamp, you can still use 表示する.\n\nTo me, 表示する puts emphasis on \"a certain meaning is reported.\"\n\n> あの LED は、使用中であることを表示している。 That LED shows that it is in use.\n>\n> これは会場の方向を表示する看板だ。 This sign shows the direction to the site.\n>\n> 手を振り払って拒絶の意思を表示する。 By shaking off her hand, I showed her I refused her.\n\nAs you see, their を-objects indicate what are reported.\n\nBack to your question, 「すべての箱に、欠陥品かどうかを表示しなければならない。」sounds abstract to me. You\ncan make different types of holes or marks, you can write or you can put\nlabels on them.\n\n印をつける sounds more specific. It means \"put some marks.\"\n\nI would explain \"marking by stickering colourful info-labels on the boxes\" as\n箱の上に色付きのラベルを貼ることで印をつける or something like that.",
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| 43130 | null | 43139 |
{
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"body": "Could you please explain me how could I distinguish the verbs **判断【はんだん】する** ,\n**判定【はんてい】する** and **決定【けってい】する** ? I tend to mix them, but could not find a\ncould explanation of in which situations each of them could be used.\n\nThank you!",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T12:35:14.257",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 判断・判定・決定する?",
"view_count": 868
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{
"body": "Let me explain the difference I know, but please note that even native\nspeakers sometimes mix them as these verbs are close in meaning.\n\nYou know, the basic idea of these words is \"to make decision\" or \"to make\njudgement.\" Actually, this can be separated into two (though they might still\noverlap in some cases). One is \"to clarify something we are uncertain of\" and\nthe other is \"to make a rule, an agreement or a decision.\"\n\n* * *\n\n「 **判定する** 」 is mainly used for the former and it has the most objective sound\namong the three. So, when we do 「判定」, criteria for that judgement are likely\nto exist, in an implicit or explicit manner. Also there often is an answer or\na truth to be clarified.\n\n「 **判断する** 」 can also be used for the former. The main point of this word is\nthat it sounds like \"to decide _on one's own responsibility_.\" One can still\ndo 「判断」 according to rules, but he should be responsible to that decision.\nAlso, one can do 「判断」 on his own thoughts, of course on his responsibility.\n\nLastly, 「 **決定する** 」 is mainly for the latter. When we do 「決定」, it is unlikely\nthat there is a correct answer, unlike the case of 「判定」.\n\n* * *\n\nSome examples:\n\n> コンピューターが顔の一致を **判定する** 。 \n> The computer judges whether the faces are identical.\n\nIn this case, 「判定する」 is the most suitable because there is the correct answer\nof whether the faces are identical or not. 「判断する」 is acceptable but it sounds\nlike the judgement was made on _the computer's thought_.\n\n> 次回の会議の日時を **決定する** 。 \n> Decide the date of the next meeting.\n\nIn this case only 「決定する」 is acceptable. If it is modified to:\n\n> 次回の会議はいつがいいか **判断する** 。 \n> Judge what time the next meeting should be held.\n\nThen 「判断する」 is the best, because 「次回の会議はいつがいいか」 may have an answer (or best\nchoice). Here 「判定する」 is not suitable because there is no rule to decide this.",
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| 43131 | null | 43140 |
{
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"body": "In the examples below what does 中 stand for and how is it pronounced?\n\n> 15日は海からの強い風が吹きつける **中** 、およそ２０人の男たちが、運河に架かる橋の欄干から次々と水の中に飛び込みました。\n\nand\n\n> オホーツク海の流氷が南下する **中** 、北海道紋別市の流氷観光船「ガリンコ号」が今シーズン初めて流氷の中を航行し、観光客が雄大な景色を楽しみました。\n\nIs 中 attached to the verb (I thought it can be attached like this only to\nnouns), or is it separate from it (if so why isn't there の between them) or is\nsomething else the case here?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T14:17:57.530",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "What is 中 after a verb?",
"view_count": 1305
} | [
{
"body": "The pronunciation is \"naka（なか）,\" \"中{なか}.\"\n\n\"中{なか}\" = during, while or \"・・・in blowing strong wind\", \"・・・in advancing\nsouthwards\".\n\n> 強い風が吹きつける中 \n> = 「強い風が吹きつける」＋「中=during or while」 \n> = 強い風が吹きつける最中",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T02:06:04.033",
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{
"body": "As mentioned already, 中 also means \"during or while\" and pronounciation is\n\"naka\".\n\nHowever, 中 sometimes includes Contradictory conjunction nuance. So, the first\nexapmle means that 20 mens dived to sea **though** or **despite of** strong\nwind.\n\n～ている(時に) doesn't have such a nuance. It just means while or during.\n\nThe second example's 中 is almost same as \"while\" (not including contradictory\nconjuction nuance)",
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| 43136 | null | 43153 |
{
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"body": "What are the correct terms for:\n\n**attribute** (a part of sentence) as a word or phrase that is syntactically\nsubordinate to another and serves to limit, identify, particularize, describe,\nor supplement the meaning of the form with which it is in construction?\n\n**adverbial** (or adverbial modifier) - a word or phrase functioning as an\nadverb.\n\nFor an attribute I could only find 属性{ぞくせい} and 限定{げんてい} and for adverbial\n副詞句{ふくしく} and 副詞節{ふくしせつ}. Are these terms commonly used in the linguistic\ncommunity?\n\nAlso, what is a term for \"part of sentence\"? I know part of speech is 品詞{ひんし},\nbut cannot find how to say \"part of sentence\". Is 文の部分 an appropriate term?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T19:49:29.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43143",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-03T05:49:42.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "3371",
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"terminology"
],
"title": "Japanese terms for an attribute and adverbial (part of a sentence)",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not 100% sure, but...\n\nFor **attribute** I think you might be looking for [修飾語]{しゅう・しょく・ご}; for\n**adverbial** , [付加語]{ふ・か・ご} or [副詞類]{ふく・し・るい}.\n\nFor **part of sentence** , [文]{ぶん}の[成分]{せい・ぶん} is what you want.\n\nCheck out the [Wikipedia entry for\n文の成分](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E3%81%AE%E6%88%90%E5%88%86).",
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| 43143 | null | 43146 |
{
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"body": "It is easy to find **inside out** in a dictionary: 裏返し{うらがえし}, but I have\ndifficulty translating **backwards** in the expression\n\n> to put a T-shirt on backwards",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-02T22:11:41.953",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Japanese term for backwards",
"view_count": 605
} | [
{
"body": "I believe you can use 前後ろ for \"backwards\" or \"front-to-back\". For example,\n\n> Tシャツを前後ろに着る\n\n_Edit._ [People in\nchat](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/35182478#35182478) also\npoint out that there is also 後ろ前 \"back-to-front\", so\n\n> 前後ろ ↔ 前が後ろ \"front to back\" \n> 後ろ前 ↔ 後ろが前 \"back to front\"",
"comment_count": 4,
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| 43145 | 43147 | 43147 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Which one is correct for being used in the bushido code as _makoto_ , 誠 or 真?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T00:07:35.907",
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"owner_user_id": "19688",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"terminology",
"literature"
],
"title": "Which is correct for the bushido code, 誠 or 真?",
"view_count": 785
} | [
{
"body": "It is unclear what you're asking. Neither of those kanji are used to spell\n_bushidō_ ; both are used to spell _makoto_ , in addition to (less commonly)\nthe kanji 実. In names, _Makoto_ may also be spelled with single kanji as 允, 信,\nand 慎.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T00:15:31.363",
"id": "43149",
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"body": "You may or may not know that the so-called \"Bushido code\" was popularized (and\nsomewhat canonized) by Inazo Nitobé [sic] in _Bushido: The Soul of Japan_\n(1900) and **first published in English**. One could say that the canon word\nfor \"veracity\" in the sense of the \"Bushido code\" is the English word\n\"veracity\".\n\nOnly some years later, after being popular overseas, was the book translated\ninto Japanese. This early translation (from 1908 by 桜井欧村) is [available at the\n国立国会図書館 ( _National Diet Library_\n)](http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/758905/1). The translation uses the\n_kanji_ **誠 _makoto_** for \"veracity\", which would also be the standard way of\nwriting it now. Just be aware that \"correct for the bushido code\" is maybe not\nas clear as it would be if there were a canonical reference in Japanese.\n\nHere is the relevant page from the Japanese translation of _Bushido: The Soul\nof Japan_.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UqHP2.jpg)\n\nP.S. Note that there is some overlap with the Five Constants (五常) of Confucian\nethics (仁 benevolence, 義・义 righteousness or justice, 禮・礼 proper rite, 智\nknowledge, 信 integrity), where \"veracity\" or 誠 _makoto_ may be matched to\n\"integrity\", written 信 which may also be read _makoto_.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T01:27:56.487",
"id": "43152",
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| 43148 | null | 43152 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43151",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does 美味しい mean when referring to a person? In particular, in this\nsentence I found, it is used together with ところ:\n\n> あの人おいしーとこもってくなあ...\n\nContext: a guy is talking about another guy's bad behaviour. I think the\nmeaning in this case is that the person in question doesn't have any positive\nfeature in his personality. Is my guess correct? Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T00:59:11.560",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What does 美味しい mean when referring to a person?",
"view_count": 1071
} | [
{
"body": "> 「おいしいとこ（ろ）（を）もって（い）く」\n\nhad been an **_extremely_** popular phrase for several years until about a\ndecade ago but it is not very 'cool' anymore. Though its novelty has worn out,\nit is still heard often enough.\n\nIt basically means \" ** _to steal the show_** \", \" ** _to take a big bite_** \"\nor \" ** _to take the best part_** \".\n\nFor this \"new\" meaning, 「おいしい」 should be written in kana. Using 「美味しい」 would\nlook out of place as one is **_not_** talking about food.\n\nIf you said or did something with only a minimum amount of effort but it was\nreceived well (like getting a huge laugh in comedy), people around you would\nsay that phrase about your \"achievement\".\n\nFurthermore, 「おいしい」 does not refer to the person. It refers to what he said or\ndid that ended up a \"success\".\n\nLiterally,\n\n> \"That guy takes away the (most) delicious part!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T01:11:23.533",
"id": "43151",
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{
"body": "yeah, it's common to say as a kind of japanese slang.\n\na delicious part means that suggests what the person in question engages now;\nhow is the situation depends to answer you.\n\nif he is talking about the guy who is a coworker of talking guy and the\nquestioning person is said \"あいつはいつも、おいしいとこをもってくなあ・・” if that to say, in thier\nbusiness, the guy feels overheaded to the person. if you are friends and\ntalking about a time the person didint come, and talks about his usual conduct\nin catching a nice girl hunting that his capture is usually amaging,\n\nand usually the Qtioned guy are separated to thier party with getting pair\nwith new girlfriend,\n\nfrom thier friends, who were together to chatted with girls also but no gain\nof love hunting..\n\nthat's tha situation to use this \"おいしいとこもってくよなあ、あいつ・・”\n\nthat's the kind of ways to use in popular in young japanese.\nいわゆる、ちゃっかり屋とか、うまみだけを持ち逃げする（仕事とかプライベートとかで、仲間を出し抜いておいしい思いをする＝うまく立ち回るひとのことを、多少からかいと、おかしみをこめて、愛すべき態度として笑います。It's\na positive way to laughing at the pointed out person. he is almostly cute, and\nloving to do.\n\nif my english is all small characters use and not correct to teach to anyone,\ndon't speak ill backyard.\n\nbut tell me softly and, polite way to persuade my inrudeness.\n\nI'm domesticated originally Japanese, and an English leaner, and one who want\nto help you in some way that I can do.\n\nthank you for reading, my computer is now a rather broken, so, I must be\nhashed way to repair to vist all sites and access all emails too, at present,\n\nso, i'm afraid I can't reccorect my answer in a decent style, for every one.\nmy answer is a one way to explain.\n\nkeep practice, and keep keen to what we are exciting!! we are all traveller in\nlanguage^^\n\nthanks again, ellie wrote",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T02:01:58.987",
"id": "43254",
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| 43150 | 43151 | 43151 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43155",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, if we're tallying something on a piece of paper, etc., we usually\nwrite a vertical line to count 1, and then when you reach four of them, you\ncross it with a horizontal line to mean 5, and repeat. I saw a Japanese paper\nthat seemed to be a similar concept, but the kanji 一 seemed to be used for 1,\nand the kanji 正 seemed to be used for 5 (there weren't any other numbers\nshown). What's the whole system in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-03T02:43:45.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43154",
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"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"orthography"
],
"title": "Tally Marks in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1994
} | [
{
"body": "The conventional Japanese tally follows the stroke order for 正. So if the\ntotal were 8, it'd look like [正下], and if it were 20, it'd be [正正正正]\n\nThis link shows an animation for the stroke order:\n<http://kakijun.jp/page/sei200.html>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-03T02:56:07.193",
"id": "43155",
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| 43154 | 43155 | 43155 |
{
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"body": "Are the following phrases exactly the same in terms of meaning? And are they\nall correct in terms of grammar? Can I use them interchangably?\n\n> * tokyo e iku\n> * tokyo e iku n\n> * tokyo e iku no da\n> * tokyo e iku no desu\n> * tokyo e iku nda\n> * tokyo e iku ndesu\n>\n\nI know that, for example,\n\n> tokyo e iku ndesu ne?\n\ncan be used to mean \"you're going to Tokyo, right?\" -- just to confirm what\nyou already know.\n\nBut I've heard \"n desu\" used in normal questions, where no confirmation is\nseeking by one asking a question.\n\n> nani o suru n desu ka?\n\nWhy is that?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T05:40:58.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43157",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-03T18:55:49.553",
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"owner_user_id": "19691",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"questions",
"no-da"
],
"title": "Using verb + \"n desu\", \"n da\" in questions and in statements and with no confirmation",
"view_count": 3581
} | [
{
"body": "Basically, when you have an assumption about the response and are\n_interrogating_ the other person, you append -n to the verb.\n\nSee [here](http://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/how-to-use-n-desu.html) for\nmore information.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T16:36:37.227",
"id": "43166",
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"body": "First of all, \"no\" and \"n\" are same. \"no\" can become n if there is no stress.\n\n\"no\" is called 準体助詞, which makes a noun phrase from a sentence / an adjective.\nIt is just like \"that\" in English. \"no\" itself does not mean confirmation or\nquestion. And, rather what comes after \"no\" adds these meanings.\n\n~ndesu. It is that blah blah.\n\n~ndesuka? Is it that blah blah?\n\n~ndesune. It is that blah blah, isn't it?\n\nAlso, I want to note that ka at the last is sometimes omitted.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-06T06:49:45.637",
"id": "43231",
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"body": "東京へ行く and 東京へ行くんだ (which is essentially equivalent to 東京へ行くのだ) are quite\ndifferent in nuance. The first is merely expressing the proposition of going\nto Tokyo. The second asserts that it is **the case of a situation of going to\nTokyo** , in a way similar to 本だ asserting that it is the case that something\nis a book. Literally, it could be glossed as \"It is that I/you/he are going to\nTokyo\". Colloquially, assuming a bit of context, it could conceivable be\ntranslated as \"So you're going to Tokyo, huh.\"\n\nWith regard to なにをするんですか, the same applies. Whereas なにをしますか merely asks what\nyou are doing or will do, なにをするんですか again literally could be rendered as \"What\nis it that you are doing\", which has the possible nuances, just like in\nEnglish, of \"What on earth on you doing\", or \"Why are you doing that\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-16T05:55:01.473",
"id": "43579",
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| 43157 | null | 43579 |
{
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"body": "Last time I have started to mix active and passive forms like\n**読んだ｛よんだ｝本｛ほん｝** and **読まれた｛よまれた｝本｛ほん｝**. In which case the passive is\nnecessary and in which case not? Could you please help me to draw a fat red\nline between them? Thank you so much in advance...",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T10:16:36.283",
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"id": "43161",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 読んだ本 and 読まれた本?",
"view_count": 229
} | [
{
"body": "Passive forms can be used when you don't want to (or cannot) clearly state the\nactor. Active forms like 「読んだ本」 can be used when the actor is clear from the\ncontext (but not so important as to be explicitly clarified).\n\nSo, 「読まれた本」 sounds like the book was read by an unknown person. On the other\nhand, the meaning of 「読んだ本」 should be determined from the context, like \"the\nbooks _I_ have read\" or \"the books _you_ have read.\"\n\n* * *\n\nFor example:\n\n> **[使]{つか}われた** [金]{かね}は[戻]{もど}って[来]{こ}ない。 \n> The spent money will not come back.\n>\n> **使った** 金は戻って来ない。 \n> The money _you_ have spent will not come back (to you).\n\nIn the former sentence, it is not clear who spent the money. It sounds like\nthe money may have been stolen, or used without permission.\n\nIn the latter sentence, it strongly implies that \" _you_ \" (or if it is a\nmonologue, then \"I\") spent the money, because the actor should not be\nambiguous.",
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| 43161 | null | 43162 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43164",
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"body": "From\n[here](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010862671000/k10010862671000.html):\n\n> コンビニを経営している人は、売らなければならない数を会社から言われて、アルバイトの人など **に売る** 数を言う店もあると話しています。 \n> Convenince store managers say that they are told how much they must sell by\n> the company, and (there are even stores that say the amount to sell **to**\n> part-time workers) / (there are even stores that say the amount **for** part\n> time workers to sell).\n\nThe article is talking about how student workers are complaining about sales\ntargets for 恵方巻.\n\nI'm not sure about the last part. What does アルバイトの人に売る数 mean here? Does に mean\n**to** or **for**? Does the shop have a quota for selling 恵方巻 **to** its\nworkers. Or is it a quota **for** the workers to sell? How can I know?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T12:15:06.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43163",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Meaning of に in アルバイトの人などに売る数",
"view_count": 190
} | [
{
"body": "You're not parsing it correctly, I'm afraid. It's parsed:\n\n> ｛（アルバイトの人など **に** ）（売る数を） **言う** ｝店もある\n\nThe に in アルバイトの人など **に** means \"to\".\n\n_lit._ There are stores that **tell** the amount to sell **to** their part-\ntime workers. \n⇒ Some stores tell their part-time workers how many (恵方巻) they should sell.\n\n* * *\n\nBtw, the whole sentence is parsed:\n\n> コンビニを経営している人は、『（売らなければならない数を会社から言われて、アルバイトの人などに売る数を言う）店もある。』と話しています。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T12:52:55.623",
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| 43163 | 43164 | 43164 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43446",
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"body": "It's my first time asking a question in this website so I hope I'll be as\nclear as possible.\n\nI'm new at learning Japanese and I'm reading a book containing the phrase\n「コロリ、コロリと」. It is impossible for me to understand. I tried looking it up on\ngoogle but I couldn't find any proper explanation about it.\n\nCould someone please explain it to me? Here's the entire sentence\n\n> マエダさんは、 **コロリ、コロリと** いうところで、うしろを向いてグルグルと首をまわしはじめます。",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T19:50:41.257",
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"owner_user_id": "19697",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does 「コロリ、コロリと」 mean?",
"view_count": 266
} | [
{
"body": "Native Japanese speaking. It sounds weird to me because we use コロリ in a\nsituation like\n\n> 「彼はころっと死んでしまった。」 (\"He was killed easily.\")\n\nor something like that.\n\nAnd we don't use this word too much. You don't have to care about this because\nthis usage is incorrect.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-12T08:21:43.060",
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| 43167 | 43446 | 43446 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43174",
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"body": "What does と right after 乗り込もう mean in the following sentence?\n\n> 一人で原始林へ **乗り込もうと** は君はなんて勇ましいんだ。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-03T23:26:57.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43168",
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"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "What does と after volitional form mean?",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "**Theory 1 -** 大辞林 第三版の解説：\n\nとは（ 連語 ）〔格助詞「と」に係助詞「は」が付いたもの〕 。。。\n\n（３）驚き・怒り・感動などの気持ちを表す。 「まさか優勝する－思わなかった」 。。。\n\nAccording to the Daijirin dictionary defintion [とは] can be a compound-case-\nmarking-particle used to express surprise, anger, depth of emotion.\n\n**Theory 2 -** It could also be viewed as a contraction of\n\n一人で原始林へ乗り込もうと（するの）は君はなんて勇ましいんだ\n\nor\n\n一人で原始林へ乗り込もうと(考えるの）は君はなんて勇ましいんだ\n\nwith the part in brackets () omitted.\n\nI am unsure whether these two theories are congruent or incongruent.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-04T05:08:47.907",
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| 43168 | 43174 | 43174 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43171",
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"body": "In a story I am reading I came across the line:\n\n> 「心までは砕けていないので、今は勘弁してください」\n\nThe context is that a waitress gets injured and a waiter (the main character)\ndiscovers this, gives her some ice, then answers the call of a customer who is\nin need. This line is what he says to the customer after she says\n(essentially) \"What happened to the waitress?\". The customer is surprised that\nnot her original waitress, but a different person (a waiter) came for her.\n\nLiterally, this seems to mean \"(her) heart is not broken, so please give (her)\na break now\". However, this doesn't seem to fit the context at all. Maybe the\nsubject is actually the main character?\n\nYou can see the context [here](http://ncode.syosetu.com/n6899db/5/) if\nnecessary. The line is about 2/3rds of the way down.\n\nMaybe the expression is being used in some ironic/sarcastic sense?",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-04T00:01:40.207",
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"expressions"
],
"title": "Interesting usage of the phrase「心までは砕ける」",
"view_count": 157
} | [
{
"body": "Having read the whole page, I must say that the line in question fits the\ncontext perfectly. I am trying hard (and failing) to understand why you do not\nthink so **_at all_**.\n\n> 「心{こころ}までは砕{くだ}けていないので、今{いま}は勘弁{かんべん}してください」\n\n「心」 refers to that of the waitress, not of the speaker. As the speaker (the\nwaiter) utters this line, the waitress is surely physically injured but her\nheart is not broken by the waiter's judgement, which is expressed by 「までは」.\n\nNow, we need to treat and appreciate this line as a line in a novel. It would\nbe most unlikely that a real-life waiter would say this to a customer. The\nline almost has a surreal quality to it. The customer is even unaware, at this\npoint, of the waitress's physical injury, let alone her mental state. That is\nwhy the customer says 「あれ？玲は？」 upon seeing the waiter approaching her and\nfollows it with 「何があったのよ」 after hearing the line in question from the waiter.\nThe customer has no idea what has happened in the kitchen.\n\nThus, my take on the line would be something like:\n\n> \"(Though somewhat injured), her heart has not been broken, so please excuse\n> her for not being able to attend you.\"\n\nIt seems \"Please don't worry.\" is implied here.\n\nAs you stated, I also feel an amount of sarcasm used in the line, but\npersonally, I am seeing more of the surreal quality as a line in fiction than\nanything else.",
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"body": "At first glance the line looked to me like a non sequitur too. It took me a\nlittle brainwork before (I think) I could figure it out, but here's my two-\ncent answer: To make sense of it, you have to read \"心までは砕けていないので...\" for\nsomething like '軽い怪我を負ってしまったので...(\"she hurt herself a bit, so...\")' or\n'ちょっとした災難に見舞われまして...(\"she's in a bit of a trouble, so...\")'.\n\nThe reason why this line can be baffling for some of us is that it's\nrhetorical and elliptical. It works by implying a \"lesser-degree\" positive\n(i.e. that she _is mildly_ hurt or otherwise in _none-too-serious_ distress)\nby the negation of a \"extreme-degree\" statement (i.e. \"it's _not_ that she got\nher heart broken or anything that bad\").\n\nThere's also that you rarely if ever hear this kind of smart-alecky wisecracks\nfrom the mouths of real Japanese people (at least not those around me!). They\nbelong mostly in fiction, and you don't find them thriving even there. (めくる\nmay be more like us. She seems none the wiser for his retort, though I think\nthe \"何があったのよ\" could be interpreted as asking \"What _exactly_ happened?\"\nknowing fully what he meant.)\n\nAs for why he went for the particular phrase \"心までは砕けていない\", I don't think\nthere's any particular reason we should be aware of. As far as I can tell\nthere isn't anything that makes it a must or even especially appropriate. It\nwas probably just his idiosyncratic choice for the negated extreme-degree\nstatement. (He could as well have said something else, like, er - I don't\nknow. You know why. )",
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| 43170 | 43171 | 43171 |
{
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"body": "What does ってさ mean in this situation:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1L6vW.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-04T03:38:05.360",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does ってさ mean?",
"view_count": 5333
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{
"body": "From\n[デジタル大辞泉「って」](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/147762/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6/):\n\n> って \n> 2⃣［係助］名詞、名詞的な語に付く。 \n> １ ある事柄を話題として取り上げて示す意を表す。…は。…というのは。「あなたって親切な人ね」「彼ってだれのこと」\n\nって \n2⃣ binding particle. Attaches to a noun or noun-like word. \n1 Used to introduce something as a topic. Means ～は or ～というのは. eg\n「あなたって親切な人ね」（≂「あなたは親切な人ね」）「彼ってだれのこと」(≂「彼というのはだれのこと？」)\n\nSo 「こういう人 **って** さぁ...」 in your example means 「こういう人 **は** さぁ...」 \"People like\nthat are / A person like this is ...\" or 「こういう人 **というのは** さぁ...」 \"People like\nthat are (generally) ...\". ～って is quite colloquial and informal.\n\n* * *\n\nThe さ(ぁ) is an interjectory particle (間投助詞), or a filler. You could refer to\n[this dictionary\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/84242/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%95/) (See\n2⃣［間助］), or see these threads: [What does さあ (saa)\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14922/9831) ・ [だったら as an\ninterjection](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30021/9831)",
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| 43172 | 43176 | 43176 |
{
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"body": "What are the grammar rules here?\n\n> 何【なに】をする **のが** 好き【すき】ですか？\n>\n> _Nani wo suru **no ga** suki desu ka?_\n\nWhy \"no ga\"? Why before \"suki\"? Where can I read about this?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-04T06:59:31.617",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "\"No ga\" .... -- what's this grammar rule?",
"view_count": 19411
} | [
{
"body": "If N is a noun then `Nが好きです` means \"I like N\".\n\n * 何が好きですか means \"What thing do you like?\"\n\n * の in 何をするの makes the 何をする a noun. So 何をするのが好きですか means \"What thing do you like to do?\"",
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| 43175 | 43180 | 43180 |
{
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"body": "I looked at [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43175/no-ga-whats-this-\ngrammar-rule) and two years of Japanese learning instantly evaporated.\n\n> 何をするのが好きですか？\n\nI assume it means\n\n> A) What do you like to do?\n\nbut my first thought was\n\n> B) Do you like what you do?\n\nThen I got confused about whether 何を goes with する or with 好き.\n\nAre both translations valid? If not, how would I say B)?",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Target of を in 何をするのが好きですか？",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "**Answer first; It can only mean A)**. It could never mean B) regardless of\nthe context, situation, etc.\n\nFirst of all,\n\n> 「何{なに}をするのが好{す}きですか？」\n\nis an information question and **_not_** a yes-no question because 「何」 is an\ninterrogative. An appropriate response must and will answer the 「何」 part. Are\nyou following me? It may be \"tennis\" and it may be \"hiking\". You just cannot\nanswer by yes or no.\n\n> B) Do you like what you do?\n\nis 100% a yes-no question, n'est-ce pas?. You are asking the listener whether\nor not s/he likes what s/he does.\n\n**Unlike in English, you will never see an interrogative in a simple relative\nclause in Japanese.** Thus, in a good Japanese translation of \"what you do\",\nyou will not see 「何」. It is just structurally impossible.\n\n\"what you do\" = 「あなたのすること」. More naturally, 「（あなたの）していること」. You just cannot\nuse 「何」 in saying this. You sometimes need to \"forget\" what is correct or\nnormal in English when studying Japanese. Easier said than done, I know\n(because I had a hard time learning English and I am still terrible at it).\n\n> how would I say B)?\n\nYou would say it 「（今{いま}）されていることがお好きですか。」、「今なさっていることがお好きですか。」, but these sound\nvery translated and unnatural. If you are talking about someone's work, you\ncould say 「今のお仕事{しごと}はお好きですか。」. That is natural.",
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| 43177 | 43181 | 43181 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43179",
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"body": "Assume A has a partner named B. Last week both made an appointment to have\ndinner (dating). For a certain reason, A cannot come for the appointment and\ncalls B by phone saying\n\n> ・・・キャンセルさせてください。 Please make me cancel ...\n\n## Question\n\nA wants to cancel the appointment, but why does A ask B to make A cancel it as\nif the source of problem is on B's side? I think A should say\n\n> ・・・キャンセルしてください。 Please cancel ...",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-04T11:42:04.473",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Why does the person who wants to cancel an appointment say キャンセルさせてください to his/her partner?",
"view_count": 842
} | [
{
"body": "It works like \"Please let me\", so\n\n> キャンセルさせてください = Please let me cancel [our appointment]\n\n(It wouldn't be interpreted as \"Please make me cancel [our appointment]\".)\n\nYou could also say\n\n> キャンセルしてください = Please cancel [our appointment]\n\nbut it is a lot more direct (and thus less polite).",
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"body": "I want to expand @Earthliŋ's above very good answer, but it will not fit in a\ncomment so I place it here.\n\n使役形 itself is not 謙譲語 or 丁寧語, but it softens a request and is often used\ntogether with 謙譲語 or 丁寧語.\n\n**謙譲語**\n\nIf you are asking politely to be allowed to use a toilet you could say\n\nトイレを使わせて頂けませんか？（使役形＋謙譲語）\n\nHowever, without 使役形, 謙譲語 would be unacceptable\n\n_NG トイレを使って頂けませんか？（終止形＋謙譲語）_\n\n**_丁寧語_**\n\nA more direct way to ask to use the toilet by formulating with 使役形\n\nトイレを使わせて下さい。 （使役形＋丁寧語）\n\nHowever, with 丁寧語, 使役形 is not required as in:\n\nトイレを使うことができますか？ （丁寧語）\n\nトイレを使っても良いですか？ （丁寧語）\n\nThere are 使役形＋丁寧語 formulations which are not allowed as in:\n\n_NG トイレを使わせますか？ （使役形＋丁寧語）_\n\n_NG トイレを使わせることはできますか？ （使役形＋丁寧語）_\n\n_NG トイレを使わせてもいいですか？ （使役形＋丁寧語）_",
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| 43178 | 43179 | 43179 |
{
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"body": "I'm reading a story someone has written in Japanese and I came upon this\nsentence:\n\n> 体こそ違えど記憶と精神は彼女のものを引き継いでいる。\n\nI think it means something like:\n\n> The body is different, the memory and spirit are taking over things from\n> her.\n\nBut what is the purpose of ど before the word for 'memory' in this sentence?\nFrom jisho it tells me ど is a prefix meaning \"precisely/exactly/totally/very\nmuch\", but I'm not sure how that changes the translation I did above (if that\nis an accurate translation)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-04T14:03:28.893",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Why is there a ど in 体こそ違えど記憶...?",
"view_count": 1446
} | [
{
"body": "You looked up the wrong 「ど」, the prefix 「ど」.\n\nThis 「ど」 is a **conjunctive particle** meaning \" ** _although_** \". These two\nare **_completely_** different words even though they look the exact same.\n\n「が」 and 「けれども」 would be the synonyms of this 「ど」. 「ど」 sounds more literary and\ndramatic than those two.\n\n> \"Although my body is different (from hers), I do take over her memory and\n> spirit.\"\n\nYou mistranslated the 「彼女のもの」 part. It just means \"hers\". It refers to her\nmemory and spirit. 「もの」 does not mean \"things\" here.\n\n\"as for memory and spirit, I take over hers\" is the literal translation.\n\nOne example of the other 「ど」 -- the prefix 「ど」:\n\n",
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| 43182 | null | 43183 |
{
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"body": "Quite some time ago, I came across the phrase\n\n> 私は何々がいい\n\nin the sense of \"I'd like to have (dish)\" when ordering food in a restaurant.\nHowever, due to the long time elapsed since then, I can't say for sure anymore\nwhether this was really the way it was phrased. So, I'd like to know if this\nis the correct phrasing and what its connotations are. I remember it to be\nfairly nonchalant, if I'm not mistaken.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"usage",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Ordering food at a restaurant with 私は何々がいい",
"view_count": 263
} | [
{
"body": "Suppose you are now entering a ラーメン屋. The restaurant have three kind of ラーメン\nas \"醤油ラーメン、トンコツラーメン and 塩ラーメン.\"\n\n> Case-1: You are the party of more than two. Others ordered \"私はトンコツ！,\"\n> \"私もトンコツ,\" and you can say naturally \"私は塩ラーメンがいい.\"\n\nAs you know \"私は\" emphasise that \"ほかの人とは異なり、私は.\" \n\"私は\" implies the existnce of the other's choices or situations and \"My choice\"\nor \"My situation\" is diferent from others'.\n\n> Case-2: You are alone but the perosn next to you made the order of \"トンコツ\"\n> and you and the waiter (or waitress) heard it. Then you make order saying\n> \"私は塩ラーメンがいい.\" You don't need to take care of others' choice but it a little\n> bit can make sense emphasising that my order is different from my next\n> gest's order (\"Never confuse them\").\n>\n> Case-3: You are alone and the first guest of the restaurant and make order\n> saying \"私は塩ラーメンがいい.\" It's also OK! \n> If the ラーメン屋 is very famous for its トンコツラーメン, it can make sense. \n> I know that everybody choose \"トンコツラーメン,\" but I myself choose \"塩ラーメン!\"\n\nIf it is even three stars restaurant you can say \"私は何々がいい.\" This expression to\nindicate the order can be used any restaurants in Japan.\n\nTo be more polite you can say \"私は何々がいいです\" like \"私はミディアムレアのステーキがいいです。\"",
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"body": "I wouldn't recommend saying （私は）XXがいい。 when ordering food at a restaurant; it\nmight sound like a little kid saying \"I want this!\"\n\nThe most natural and common phrases for ordering food or drinks at a\nrestaurant, cafe, bar etc., would be like:\n\n> * XX（を）お[願]{ねが}いします。 -- \"I'd like to have XX, please.\" (polite)\n> * XX（を）[二]{ふた}つ、お願いします。 -- \"I'd like to have two XXs, please.\" (polite)\n> * XX（を）ください。 -- \"I'll have XX.\"\n> * XX（を）[三]{みっ}つください。 -- \"I'll have three XXs.\"\n> * XX（を）もらえますか。 -- \"Can I have XX?\"\n> * XX[一]{ひと}つ。 -- \"One XX, please.\" (casual)\n> * XX[二]{ふた}つ。 -- \"Two XXs, please.\" (casual)\n>",
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| 43187 | 43205 | 43205 |
{
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"body": "In the following dialogue, and in general, is 奪う a synonym of 殺す? Maybe a more\n'poetical' one?\n\n> Character A: 誠士郎【せいしろう】を殺したのは鈴爾【れいじ】と雪也【ゆきなり】さんだ。\n>\n> Character B: なに？誠士郎【せいしろう】を奪ったのが鈴爾【れいじ】と兄さん…！？\n\nThank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-04T19:17:19.287",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"nuances",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "Can 奪う be a synonym of 殺す?",
"view_count": 274
} | [
{
"body": "No, 殺す and 奪う are not synonymous. But either can be used analogously to mean\nother things beyond their dictionary definitions. The boundaries of analogy\nare fuzzy.",
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"body": "No, but sometimes, it can be replaced. \nGenerally, `奪う` means `to steal`, but in this case, it means **_to steal\nlife_**. \n~~実際to steal lifeって伝わるかわかってないんですけど~~ \nSo the translation becomes:\n\n> Character A: A person who killed Seishirou is Reiji and Yukinari. \n> Character B: What? A person who stole his life is Reiji and my brother!?\n\nBy the way, why A said only 鈴爾雪也, though B said 鈴爾 and 兄さん?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-04T23:55:45.273",
"id": "43196",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-05T05:48:12.337",
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{
"body": "1. Yes, in the dialogue, this 奪う is a synonym of 殺す, although the focus is on \"we lost him\" rather than plain \"he is dead\".\n 2. In general, 奪う means \"to take [sth] away\" or \"to steal\". 命を奪う _to take life away_ always means _to kill_. I'd say this usage is \"[人]を奪う\" _to take [somebody] (away)_ , which can mean different things depending on the context: \n * 王女を奪う would mean to _kidnap_ her. (or when she's already kidnapped, to rescue her from the rogue)\n * 恋人を奪う would usually mean to steal his/her love.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T02:53:50.647",
"id": "43199",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-05T02:53:50.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4223",
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{
"body": "\"奪う\" of \"命を奪う\" can replace \"殺す,\" but not always so.\n\nThen I believe the appropriate answer to the question should be \"奪う is not the\nsynonym of 殺す.\"\n\n> OK:ゴキブリを殺す \n> NG:ゴキブリを奪う（This just means \"Taking away cockroach.\" It's maybe still\n> alive.\")\n>\n> OK: \"自動車事故が、私の息子を奪った\" \"The car accident took away my son forever.= He died\n> by the car accident.\" \n> almost NG: \"自動車事故が、私の息子を殺した\" (If it is used as mandarin or literally, it's\n> OK. However if you'd like to make mandarin sentence for this kind of\n> situation, you should say \"自動車事故が私の息子を奪った.\")\n\nThe following example of \"奪う（奪った）\" doesn't mean \"殺す（殺した）\".\n\n> \"親友のXが、私の彼を奪った\" = \"My best friend X stole my boy friend. (She (He) never\n> killed him!)\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T05:43:58.500",
"id": "43202",
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}
]
| 43188 | 43199 | 43199 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43204",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does この度は mean? I couldn't translate this in this sentence:\n\n> **この度は** 、この本をお手にとっていただきありがとうございます！\n\nCan you help me to translate this phrase (not a full sentence)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-04T19:35:30.303",
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"id": "43189",
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"owner_user_id": "19710",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does この度は mean?",
"view_count": 563
} | [
{
"body": "I looked up the Japnese-English translation examples of the phrase \"この度は\" in\nthe paid-for web dictionary, all of them ommit the phrase \"この度は.\" There is no\nreason in the dictionaries.\n\nI'd like to try to explain the reason.\n\nOne of the situation with this kind of sentence could be the following.\n\n1) X found the book on the web store site operated by Y.\n\n2) X inquire the buying procedure (It donesn't mean the order).\n\n3) Y answers the inquiry. The message starts with the phrase\n\"この度は、この本をお手にとっていただきありがとうございます！\" as opening remarks. \nFor Y, the inquiry from x is the first time, and shows the posibility to make\nsales. \"この度は\" can be ommited but the meaning could be transrated into \"Thank\nyou for your inquiry\" as opening remarks of Y's answer message.\n\nIf X inquire on the phone, you can say \"この度は、この本をお手にとっていただきありがとうございます\" or just\n\"この度はありがとうございます\" as opeing remarks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T04:07:45.183",
"id": "43200",
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},
{
"body": "「この」 is \"this\", 「[度]{たび}」 is \"occasion\" here, and 「は」 is a topic marker\n\"regarding ...\" Thus, the literal interpretation of 「この度は」 is \" **regarding\nthis occasion**.\"\n\nThis is actually a set phrase used when saying gratitude, or apologizing etc.\nIt may mean that the speaker is focusing on _this_ occasion (but not other\nones), but may not always have any intentional meaning.\n\n* * *\n\nSo in this case, your sentence is saying \"thank you for you taking this book\n**this time**.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T06:14:46.157",
"id": "43204",
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}
]
| 43189 | 43204 | 43204 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43194",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm a bit confused by the use of **ている**. I thought **~ている** is similar to\n**-ing** in English, but I'm not sure about the examples below.\n\n 1. そして、原子炉が入っ **ている** 格納容器の中を調べました。\n\n 2. とても強い放射線が出 **ている** 可能性があることがわかりました",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-04T22:11:14.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43190",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T04:56:15.333",
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"owner_user_id": "19712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The use of \"ている\"",
"view_count": 693
} | [
{
"body": "In English, we use the simple present tense (or sometimes simple past tense in\nthe case of an auxiliary phrase) to describe conditions which are permanent,\nas opposed to temporary or transitory. E.g.,\n\nThe 原子炉 is inside the 格納容器\n\nThey investigated the inside(中) of the 原子炉 which is/was inside(入っている) the\n格納容器.\n\n\"The possibility that it is emitting strong radiation.\" (OK in English, but\npossibly more likely to use the present simple tense and say \"the possibility\nthat it is highly radioactive\").\n\nThey knew there was a possibility that it is/was emitting strong radiation.\n\nThey knew there was a possibility that it is/was highly radioactive.\n\nIn contrast, Japanese will use the present continuous tense, as in your\nexamples, to describe conditions which are permanent.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-04T23:12:53.507",
"id": "43194",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-05T17:24:24.590",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-05T17:24:24.590",
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},
{
"body": "According to my understanding, ている/てる could also indicate a _continuing state_\nbesides indicating a continuous action.\n\nFor example, \"(I) know\" is 知っている, because \"knowing\" is a continuing state. For\nthe same reason, the example has 入っている because it is a ongoing state that the\nnuclear reactor (原子炉) is being inside the containment building (格納容器).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T04:56:15.333",
"id": "43227",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19346",
"parent_id": "43190",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 43190 | 43194 | 43194 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Can 中型 be used to describe the size of a room or building?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-04T22:53:54.717",
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"id": "43193",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Can 中型 be used to describe a room or building?",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "A definition: 形が大きくもなく小さくもないこと。また、そのもの。 It seems broad enough a definition to\napply to anything with a size and other sizes to compare it to. The problem is\nwhether the speaker and listener have a common frame of reference. For cars,\nit is easy and pre-defined. For rooms, it would seem to depend on your\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-04T23:21:03.407",
"id": "43195",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-04T23:21:03.407",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14250",
"parent_id": "43193",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The kanji 型 (\"type\") implies there is some objective criterion that determines\nwhether something is 小型, 中型, or 大型. Saying 中型の部屋 or 中型の建造物 according to some\ncriterion/law is okay. For example,\n[中型自動車](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9E%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A)\nhas a strict definition in Japanese law.\n\nIf you want to _subjectively_ say something is middle-sized, it's better to\nsay 中くらいの大きさの～, 普通の大きさの～, 大きくも小さくもない～, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T10:06:12.930",
"id": "43236",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T16:10:19.520",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-06T16:10:19.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "43193",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "For me as an engineer, objects are relatively large and if they can be\nclassified into three categories by their size as small, medium and large. In\naddition we can share the classification as the standard categories, we say\n\"中型ＸＸ.\"\n\n> 小型車、中型車、大型車 \n> 小型犬、中型犬、大型犬\n\nWe don't say \"小型コップ,\" \"中型コップ,\" and \"大型コップ\" in a coffee shop, because cups are\nnot relatively large.\n\nSome people don't say \"中型の部屋\" because \"型(type)\" is often used for standardized\nproducts or objects, and we can share the classification as the standard\ncategories. Room size can continuously distribute, so \"1K,\" \"2DK,\" and \"3LDK\"\nis commonly used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T10:53:22.317",
"id": "43237",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T10:53:22.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19219",
"parent_id": "43193",
"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 43193 | null | 43236 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43206",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to come up with general rules for _kanji_ reading. So far I have\nthe following down:\n\n> 1. Compound _kanji_ words are read as _on'yomi_\n> 2. Single _kanji_ words are read as _kun'yomi_\n> 3. Verbs composed _kanji_ followed by _okurigana_ are read as _kun'yomi_\n> 4. Geographical and personal names are read as _nanori_\n> 5. Exceptions to the above that need to be memorized\n>\n\nAre there any other guidelines?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T00:39:22.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43197",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-05T10:41:15.917",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-05T10:38:27.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10476",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"compounds"
],
"title": "General guidelines for choosing 訓読み vs. 音読み in kanji reading",
"view_count": 686
} | [
{
"body": "I think you correctly identified very broad tendencies. However, as noted in\nthe comments, there are many counterexamples to each one of your first four\nrules, so many that they shouldn't fall under rule 5 \"exceptions\".\n\n> 1. Compound _kanji_ words are read as _on'yomi_\n>\n\nThere are many pure _kun'yomi_ compounds\n\n> 場合、子供、言葉、相手、部屋、手紙、…\n\nand compounds with mixed readings (called _jūbako yomi_ or _yutō yomi_ , see\n[Can a Japanese word combine both on'yomi and kun'yomi\ncharacters?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40433/1628)).\n\n* * *\n\n> 2. Single _kanji_ words are read as _kun'yomi_\n>\n\nAgain, not always.\n\n> 気、本、図、点、例、文、席、…\n\n* * *\n\n> 3. Verbs composed _kanji_ followed by _okurigana_ are read as _kun'yomi_\n>\n\nThere is a broad class of verbs derived from so-called \" _suru_ verbs\", which\ntake an _on'yomi_ _kanji_ and some form of _suru_ that has changed through\nsound change\n\n> 愛す、通じる、投じる、信じる、講ずる、案ずる、…\n\nHowever, this class is easily identified, so you may also put it under the\n\"exceptions\" rule.\n\n* * *\n\n> 4. Geographical and personal names are read as _nanori_\n>\n\nNot every name is a _nanori_ reading (unless you say that _nanori_ readings\n_include_ all standard readings, in which case this isn't really a rule at\nall).\n\n> 小林 愛子、林 愛、黒川 慎太郎\n\n(Then, the only rule I can think of for reading names is \"anything goes\". Also\nsee [Both on'yomi and kun'yomi in a first\nname?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41404/1628))\n\n* * *\n\nRule 5, however, is a good rule.\n\n> 5. Exceptions to the above that need to be memorized\n>\n\nThere will **always** be exceptions that need to be memorized.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T10:36:09.680",
"id": "43206",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-05T10:41:15.917",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "43197",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 43197 | 43206 | 43206 |
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