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{
"accepted_answer_id": "43208",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I attempted to find the meaning of\n\n> おばあちゃん子\n\nbut it seems that it does not exist in the dictionary.\n\nWhat does it mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T10:47:51.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43207",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-07-11T14:31:22.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is おばあちゃん子?",
"view_count": 340
} | [
{
"body": "It is a child who grew up liking and spending lots of time with his/her\ngrandma.\n\nEven after that child has fully grown up, s/he is still often referred to as\n「おばあちゃん子{こ}」.\n\nNaturally, we also say 「おじいちゃん子」、「パパっ子」、「ママっ子」、「お兄{にい}ちゃんっ子」、「お姉{ねえ}ちゃんっ子」,\netc. as well.\n\nNothing to do with blood family, but we also say\n[テレビっ子](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E3%81%A3%E5%AD%90)\nto describe a kid/person who grew up watching a lot of TV. There is 「ラジオっ子」 as\nwell, but it is used less often than 「テレビっ子」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T10:53:11.517",
"id": "43208",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-23T09:42:54.787",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-23T09:42:54.787",
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"parent_id": "43207",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 43207 | 43208 | 43208 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am learning Japanese and helping a Japanese person with English. (My English\nis not very good, but she still wants me to help her.)\n\nShe needed to describe someone's personality and she used \"big person\". And I\ndidn't understand what she meant by that. I asked her what she meant by \"big\nperson\" and she said she meant \"broad-minded person\". \nSo I told her using \"big\" for someone's personality is wrong. Then she asked\nme why, I told her it's used for describing something's size, but she didn't\nunderstand even though I told her several times. \nSo I wanted to tell her the word that Japanese people use for describing\nsomething's size. \nI searched for it on the Internet, but there are so many words that mean\n\"big\".\n\nSo... I don't know which one to choose. I would be so happy if someone can\ntell me which one I should use. Also, I am really curious why she used \"big\nperson\" instead of directly saying \"broad-minded person\". Is that a saying in\nJapanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T14:06:54.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43209",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-06T15:57:09.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How can I tell something's size in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1439
} | [
{
"body": "If she'd like to say \"度量{どりょう}の大きい人\" in English, it should be \"a person of\ngreat capacity.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T11:03:08.803",
"id": "43238",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T11:03:08.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "大きな/大きい are the most basic word that means \"big\". For the difference, see:\n[What's the difference between 大きいケーキ and\n大きなケーキ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21611/5010)\n\nIn Japanese, 大きな人 and 大きい人 refer to either one's physical size or one's broad-\nmindedness/capacity, depending on the context. You can say 体が大きな人 or 心が大きな人 to\navoid ambiguity. There are also other expressions that mean only one thing.\n大柄な only means physically \"large\". 寛大な and 心が広い only mean \"broad-minded\". So\nyou can explain to her using these words and phrases.\n\nThe same is true for 小さな/小さい. 小さい人 means either a (physically) short person or\na petty-minded person, depending on the context.\n\nBy the way, English \"big\" can refer to an important person in a certain field\n(cf. [Big Three](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Three)), but such people\nare rarely referred to as 大きい人 in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T13:25:23.430",
"id": "43240",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T13:25:23.430",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "43209",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 43209 | null | 43240 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43217",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Regarding the foreigners that Trump doesn't like:\n\n> このため日本航空と全日空は、先月３０日から、この国の人たちがアメリカに行く飛行機に乗る予定だとわかった場合、断っています。 \n> Because of this, from the 30th of last month 日本航空 and 全日空 are refusing\n> cases in which it is clear that people from these countries are planning on\n> getting on a plane going to America.\n\nI think I might be mistranslating this. I'm unclear on what is being refused\nwith 断る. Why is there a comma where I'd expect to see を? And what exactly does\n\"rejecting cases in which ...\" mean? Are they stopping them at the point of\nboarding the plane or what?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T16:07:52.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43212",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T00:41:50.947",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-05T17:23:36.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Understanding 場合、断っています",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": ">\n> 「このため日本航空{にほんこうくう}と全日空{ぜんにっくう}は、先月{せんげつ}３０日{にち}から、この国{くに}の人{ひと}たちがアメリカに行{い}く飛行機{ひこうき}に乗{の}る予定{よてい}だとわかった場合{ばあい}、断{ことわ}っています。」\n\nAs far as grammar, the object of the verb phrase 「断っている」 (\"to have been\ndenying\") is **not** 「場合」 (\"the cases\"). It is the \" **implied** \"\n「この国の人たちの搭乗{とうじょう}」 (\"the boarding of この国の人たち\"). In Japanese, the object of a\nverb does not have to be explicitly mentioned.\n\nYour translation is good; It is just not a literal one.\n\nWhy the comma? It is mostly because there are so many words used between the\nsubject (日本航空と全日空) and the verb (断っています). The comma helps the reader keep\ntrack of the sentence structure.\n\nIt does not say 「場合を」 because, as I stated above, 「場合」 is not the object of\nthe verb 「断る」. (「場合を断る」 is not said in any kind of situation in the first\nplace.) 「～～場合」 here simply means \"in cases where ~~\".\n\nFrom this sentence alone, we could not tell where or how the two airlines are\nstopping the passengers. I am just imagining it would be when reservations are\nmade and/or at the airport counter.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T20:56:37.097",
"id": "43217",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T00:41:50.947",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-06T00:41:50.947",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "43212",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 43212 | 43217 | 43217 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 1. 田中さん **は** 今日来ますか。\n> 2. はい、来ますよ。あ、田中さん **が** 来ました。\n>\n\n>\n> 1. Does Tanaka san come today?\n> 2. Yes, he does. Oh, Tanaka san came.\n>\n\nI don't understand the use of が in the second sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T16:42:54.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43213",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-10T05:40:04.893",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-10T05:40:04.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "19720",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "In this dialogue, why is は used in the question, but が in the answer?",
"view_count": 1090
} | [
{
"body": "It can be a little difficult getting the translation of は and が right in\nEnglish, but here's an approximate way that tends to be used:\n\nThe topic marker 「は」 marks the main focus of conversation. You can get a\ndecent feel for what it's doing in a first-pass translation by translating it\nas \"As for\". For example:\n\n> 田中さんは今日来ますか。 \n> (roughly) As for Mr Tanaka (i.e. I don't care about other people), will he\n> come today? \n> (more naturally) Is Mr Tanaka coming in today?\n\nThe subject marker 「が」 marks the subject of the current sentence, i.e. the\nperson or thing that is doing the verb, but it means that the focus of the\nsentence isn't necessarily the subject - and sometimes (as in this case), the\nimportant part is the _verb_.\n\n> たなかさんがきました。 \n> Mr Tanaka has come.\n\nIn other words, the use of が is because the important information isn't that\nwe're talking about Mr Tanaka, but that he has _already shown up_ (and so we\ndon't have to wait around for him).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T06:15:50.890",
"id": "43230",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T06:15:50.890",
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{
"body": "When you describe or report information which is newly discovered by\nperception that doesn't include assumption or judgement, Japanese grammar\nrequires you to express it as a sentence whose elements are not topicalized,\nin short, without adding particles like は.\n\nThat kind of sentences are called 現象文 or 中立描写文 (Sentence of neutral\ndescription). The example of あっ、田中さんが来ました is the case of it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T09:37:29.293",
"id": "43234",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T09:37:29.293",
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 43213 | null | 43234 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43232",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "In Japan, if a Japanese person sees a new verb ending in ru, what would they\ndo to try and infer if it's a ichidan or godan verb before just looking it up\nor asking someone?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T17:35:43.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43214",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T09:26:04.760",
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"godan-verbs",
"ichidan-verbs"
],
"title": "How do Japanese people infer if a verb is a ichidan verb or a godan ending in ru?",
"view_count": 1391
} | [
{
"body": "I'm sure that when you are growing up and hearing your native language all\naround you all the time you never question the form of a verb because you\nlearn the verb in context, not logically.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T03:55:28.307",
"id": "43223",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T03:55:28.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"body": "Generally speaking, the rule of thumb is that if it ends in -ru, it's a\nichidan verb. It's not always the case (think of the irregular verbs like\n-suru, for an easy example) but it usually works.\n\nFor your reference:\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/動詞](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E)\n\nTake a look at the table showing types of verbs in 3 日本語の動詞. The description\nsays 「原形は -ru で終わる」 for ichidan verbs.\n\nSo in the example you gave, since it ended with -ru, the automatic reflex\nwould be to assume that it's an ichidan verb.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T04:47:29.630",
"id": "43225",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T04:47:29.630",
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"body": "There's a trend where, if the mora before the る _doesn't_ end in /i/ or /e/,\nthen it's a godan verb. (Examples below.) Beyond that, it's really just a\nmatter of exposure -- most of the exception/irregular verbs are also the high-\nfrequency verbs, so native speakers would already have those down solid. The\nremaining ones would tend to follow the pattern.\n\nSome godan verbs (dictionary form not ending in -iru or -eru):\n\n> -aru: [割]{わ}る → [割]{わ}ります [狩]{か}る → [狩]{か}ります\n>\n> -uru: [釣]{つ}る → [釣]{つ}ります [降]{ふ}る → [降]{ふ}ります\n>\n> -oru: [取]{と}る → [取]{と}ります [凍]{こお}る → [凍]{こお}ります\n\nVerbs ending with -iru or -eru are more of a mixed bag:\n\n> [居]{い}る → [居]{い}ます\n>\n> [要]{い}る → [要]{い}ります\n>\n> [見]{み}る → [見]{み}ます\n>\n> [切]{き}る → [切]{き}ります\n>\n> [蹴]{け}る → [蹴]{け}ります\n>\n> [得]{え}る → [得]{え}ます",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T05:38:34.430",
"id": "43229",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T05:38:34.430",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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},
{
"body": "When native Japanese speakers encounter or coin new verbs, such verbs are\n**assumed to be godan verbs** , despite the fact that many ordinary verbs that\nend with -i-ru/-e-ru are ichidan-verbs. Here I'm talking about native Japanese\nadults who can conjugate common verbs like 切る/着る/帰る/変える without thinking. And\nnative speakers don't usually think about verb types; verb types are something\nwe learn at middle school, but most people forget about that soon after they\ngraduate.\n\nFor example, when you present an imaginary verb あべる to a native speaker and\ntell them to conjugate it in various ways, the response would be\n「あべらない」「あべります」「あべって」「あべれ」 rather than 「あべない」「あべます」「あべて」「あべろ」. Likewise, the\nconjugation of an imaginary verb れぴる would be 「れぴらない」「れぴります」「れぴれ」「れぴろう」 rather\nthan 「れぴない」「れぴます」「れぴろ」「れぴよう」.\n\nThis I think is because [all verbs that were recently coined from loanwords\nare godan-verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24351/5010).\n[コピる](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%94%E3%82%8B) is an example of\ngodan verbs that may look like ichidan at first (We say コピれ but not コピろ).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T08:21:18.047",
"id": "43232",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T09:26:04.760",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "43214",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 43214 | 43232 | 43232 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43220",
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"body": "There is a set of daily reflections said to be used in Japan's Navy, one\nbeing:\n\n至誠{しせい}に悖{もと}る勿{な}かりしか \ntranslated as \"Hast thou not gone against sincerity\" \n(source <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosei_(meditation)>)\n\n * 至誠に悖る as in roughly \"to oppose to sincerity\" seems understandable\n * 勿かり closest word in Jisho seems to be 勿れ, marked as particle, I couldn't find what exactly 勿かり is or how it was formed\n * しか 's か should be the \"question mark\" か, as for し it may perhaps be a stem of する? I don't recall seeing 「しか」before though\n\nIs there some archaism or neologism involved? \nThe only guess is that 勿かり is a stem of a newly? formed verb formed from 勿れ,\nused as in {Vstem}する. That would be a verb formed from \"must not\" (maybe could\nbe reworded to \"avoid doing\"?), modified by 至誠に悖る, finally as in \"did you do\nthe avoiding of 'opposing to sincerity'?\" - is this correct? \nIf so - I have read おstemする expresses humility, お is missing here, but is this\nthe nuance used here? \nThank you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T18:23:39.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43215",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T02:31:49.033",
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"owner_user_id": "9719",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Understanding grammar in 五省",
"view_count": 176
} | [
{
"body": "> 「至誠{しせい}に悖{もと}る勿{な}かりしか」\n\nI suggest that you pretend to be seeing the kana「な」 where it gives you the\nkanji 「勿」 for quick comprehension purposes.\n\n「至誠」 = \"sincerity\"\n\n「悖る」 = \"to be out of line with\"\n\nSo, 「至誠に悖る」, while \"looking\" difficult, should look modern as far as grammar.\n「noun + に + verb」. Pretty normal stuff, yes? Look up 至誠 and 悖る and you're good\nto go.\n\n**The rest of the saying, however, is in Classical Japanese.**\n\n「なかり」 is the 連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative form\") of the classical adjective\n「なし」, which means 「ない」.\n\n「し」 is the 連体形{れんたいけい} (\"attributive form\") of the **past-tense** subsidiary\nverb 「き」. The modern version would be the famous 「た」.\n\nSo, 「なかりし」, in Modern Japanese would be 「なかった」. Things are now starting to\nmake sense, don't they?\n\n「か」 is a sentence-ending particle for calling someone's attention or reminding\na person of something. It is the same in Modern Japanese.\n\n> \" I have read おstemする expresses humility, お is missing here, but is this the\n> nuance used here?\"\n\nWhere is \"here\"? Are you saying we should say 「お至誠」? If so, no, that sounds\nway too funny. Nothing is missing from this saying, I assure you. Unnecessary\nhonorifics do more harm than good.\n\nHope this does not cheapen my own answer, but a modern Japanese TL of the\nsaying would be something like:\n\n> 「まごごろに反する（こと/もの）はなかったか。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T02:31:49.033",
"id": "43220",
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| 43215 | 43220 | 43220 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm trying to say \"I'm happy if you enjoyed...\" or \"I hope you enjoyed\", but\nthis is keigo, so I got a bit confused. If I were to say xxx 楽しんでいただけましたら、幸いです\ndoes that mean \"I hope you enjoyed xxx\" or is it not past tense, meaning \"I\nhope you will enjoy xxx\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-05T20:39:34.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43216",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T10:13:36.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Is ~楽しんでいただけましたら、幸いです past tense or not?",
"view_count": 1526
} | [
{
"body": "This is not past tense. The ～たら is one of the conditional forms, regardless if\nit's a keigo or not. In this case, I wouldn't use this form because the\ncondition is not necessary. Basically, it means you're happy if and only if\nthey enjoyed.\n\nI would say more something like 楽しんでいただいて良かったです。Literally \"You enjoyed and I'm\nhappy\". This construction is very common.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T09:24:22.033",
"id": "43233",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T09:24:22.033",
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{
"body": "One of the typical situation could be the following. (I'm not confident my\nEnglish transration, but I hope you can understand the context and the nuance\nof \"楽しんでいただけましたら幸い\".)\n\n> この大相撲夏場所のチケットを差し上げます。 \n> Here is the ticket for Summer Grand Sumo Tournament. It's for you.\n>\n> ご興味{きょうみ}があるかどうか存{ぞん}じ上{あ}げませんが、楽しんでいただけましたら幸いです。 \n> I don't know if you would be interested in it, but if I could have you\n> enjoy it, I'll be happy.\n>\n> This sentence \"楽しんでいただけましたら\" can be used for the future occurrence and the\n> past occurrence. \n> The above example shows the future occurrence.\n\nIf you'd like to make clear the tense, you can say the followings.\n\n> future: \"（もし）楽しんでいただけるのであれば幸いです\" \n> past: \"（もし）楽しんでいただけたのであれば幸いです\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T09:52:57.377",
"id": "43235",
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"score": 2
}
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| 43216 | null | 43233 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43221",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm struggling trying to complement sentences using させる＋くれる/もらう.\n\nIn my studies it was said that させる＋くれる meant \"to let someone do\" kind of, so\nthe following sentence:\n\n先生が質問をたくさん聞かせてくれた The teacher let (someone) ask lots of questions.\n\nNow how can I specify who the teacher let to ask the questions?\n\nIf I want to say \"The teacher let the students ask lots of questions.\", how do\nI say that?\n\nMy try: 先生が学生に質問をたくさん聞かせてくれた。\n\nthanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T02:09:42.443",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"causation"
],
"title": "how to complement the させる＋くれる",
"view_count": 348
} | [
{
"body": "Your attempt is grammatically correct. To specify the target of 「させる」, we use\nthe 「に」 particle.\n\nBut your sentence can be improved a little more, so let me describe it.\n\nFirst, 「質問を **聞く** 」 is a little bit unnatural. We say 「質問を **する** 」 far more\noften. We use 「聞く」 with concrete question phrases, for example: 「どこに居るのか聞く」\n(ask where you are).\n\nThen your sentence would be 「先生が学生に質問をたくさん **させて** くれた。」\n\nSecondly, this sentence is ambiguous because there are two patterns in which\n「学生に」 modifies different verbs; one is \"let\" and the other is \"ask.\"\n\nThe two possible interpretations of the sentence are:\n\n> The teacher let the students ask lots of questions. \n> The teacher let (someone) ask the students lots of questions.\n\nOne way to avoid this is:\n\n> 先生が学生に質問の[機会]{きかい}をたくさんくれた。 \n> The teacher gave the students a lot of opportunities to ask questions.\n\nIn this case 「学生に」 modifies 「くれた」 but not 「質問」, because we don't say 「学生に質問」\nto mean \"the questions to the students\" but say 「学生への質問」.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-06T02:43:12.327",
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}
]
| 43219 | 43221 | 43221 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43380",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Is であって a -て form of the copula である and used for chaining, or it has a special\nmeaning in the following examples?\n\n> どこの出身{しゅっしん}であっても問題{もんだい}ではない。It doesn't matter where he is from.\n>\n> 私{わたし}は彼女{かのじょ}が幸{しあわ}せであってほしい。I wish her happiness.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T02:45:43.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43222",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"て-form",
"copula"
],
"title": "Function of であって",
"view_count": 1927
} | [
{
"body": "Yes. であって is simply the て-form of である here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T04:48:22.330",
"id": "43226",
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{
"body": "**Note: After clarification by user virmaior, the answer has been altered\ngreatly. Older answer is below the new for reference purposes.**\n\nvirmaior, thanks for clarification. Your specific question at this point in\ntime is what **prohibits** 「幸せであって欲しい」 from being misinterpreted as\n「幸せ出会って欲しい」. The answer in this case is multilayered.\n\nFirst, the sentence contains kanji but the specific place you are inquiring\nabout is in hiragana, and also already grammatically correct as is. There\nwould be no reason to read it as 「出会う」.\n\nThe second is a simple grammar rule which you are most likely to be already\nfamiliar with. To 「会う」 or \"meet\" something in Japanese requires a particle\nindicating the object of the action, which would in this case be either 「に」 or\n「と」. Since the nuances between the two particles are somewhat difference in\nthis case, with 「と」 implying some sort of interaction, I would say 「に」 is a\nbetter choice. So, in order for 「彼女」 to 「出会う」 with 「幸せ」, the sentence would\nhave to read thusly:\n\n「彼女が幸せ **に** 出会って欲しい」\n\nBecause the critical particle is not there, and the sentence in itself is\nalready grammatically correct, I see very little reason for anyone to\nmisinterpret that particular part of the sentence to mean \"meet\" as opposed to\n\"be\".\n\n* * *\n\n**Old Answer**\n\n**Note: This answer is in response to a bounty posted by user virmaior and\nonly addresses the second example given by the OP.**\n\nAs you probably already know,「である」 is basically a more formal way of\ndescribing a status. It's the equivalent to \"~ is\". Here's a\n[link](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/book/export/html/165) with more\ninformation on how to use 「である」.\n\nExample: \"The sky is blue.\" --> 「空は青である。」\n\nAs you are also probably familiar, the て-form is often used to connect two\nverbs.\n\nSo, in the example you gave, 「彼女が幸せであってほしい」, the て-form serves to connect the\nfirst verb, 「である」, with the second verb, 「ほしい」.\n\nJust simply directly translate it and you get \"I want(ほしい) her to be(である)\nhappy.\" Nuance-wise, a better translation would probably be closer to \"I\nreally hope that she is happy (right now).\", where the content in the\nparentheses was added by me for effect to help with understanding the nuance.\n\nPlease note that using 「である」 isn't really for everyday speech. You'll be more\nlikely to find it in written Japanese such as literature, poems, or song\nlyrics.\n\nFeel free to google 「幸せである」 and you will get millions of results, including\nsongs with titles that include that phrase.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-10T05:12:16.760",
"id": "43372",
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},
{
"body": "> どこの出身であっても問題ではない。＝どこの出身である(where he is from)＋としても(even though)＋問題ではない(it\n> doesn't matter)。\n>\n> 「ＸＸＸであっても」 = 「ＸＸＸであるとしても」 = even though XXX is true.\n\nIt doesn't matter wherever he is from.\n\n> 私は彼女が幸せであってほしい。＝ 彼女が幸せである(she is happy)＋事{こと}を(that)＋私は願{ねが}う(I hope)。\n>\n> 「であってほしい」= 「であることを願う」(We say \"であることを願う,\" but don't say \"であることをほしい\")\n\nI'm entirely not sure whether she is happy or not. (She is still one of my\nbest friends, so) I strongly hope that she is happy.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-10T10:14:04.110",
"id": "43380",
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{
"body": "I think [Xuanrui Qi](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/19346/xuanrui-\nqi) 's [answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/43226/14627) is correct.\nIt's te-form of である. It's not 出会って here!\n\n* * *\n\n[Weblio辞書](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6)\nsays:\n\n> 「である」に接続助詞「て」が付いた形。\n\nIt's a form what \"である\" belonged \"て\" .\n\nて is attached when a word becomes a conjugated form. So it's te-form.\n\nI suppose であって does not has a special meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-10T10:18:07.477",
"id": "43381",
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| 43222 | 43380 | 43226 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43228",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why are English words ending with -ing often transcribed with ング? For example,\ntiming = タイミング, morning = モーニング, and diving = ダイビング. My guess is that グ is\nformally pronounced with 鼻濁音｛びだくおん｝ , i.e. pronounced like /ŋu/. Therefore, is\nthis the case?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T04:23:23.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43224",
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"owner_user_id": "19346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonetics"
],
"title": "Why is -ng transcribed as ング?",
"view_count": 2616
} | [
{
"body": "You're on the right track, but a little off.\n\nWhen a language borrows a word from another language, it has two choices: drop\nthe sounds that don't exist in their language, or add sounds to preserve the\noriginal pronunciation.\n\nJapanese is a language that tends to try to preserve the pronunciation.\n\nSo, グ will not be pronounced as /ŋu/. However, /n/ becomes /ŋ/ before /g/. But\nsince /g/ in isolation isn't possible in Japanese, they employ /gu/ (グ), in\norder to force the /ŋ/ pronunciation of ん.\n\nSo the phonemic /n.gu/ is rendered phonetically as /ŋ.gu/.\n\nThis sound cluster also exists outside of English borrowings:\n\n天満宮（てんまんぐう） /ten.maŋ.gu/\n\n漫画（まんが） /maŋ.ga/",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-06T05:13:28.537",
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| 43224 | 43228 | 43228 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43241",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to jisho.org, だって has these meanings:\n\n 1. after all; because\n 2. but\n 3. even\n 4. too; as well; also\n 5. they say; I hear; you mean\n\nIn my opinion, \"because\" and \"but\", and \"as well\" are completely different\nthings. I understand that the actual meaning of だって is inferred by context,\nbut having so many distinct meanings is kind of weird.\n\nI know that だって is short for だという, which means roughly \"[some pronoun] say\".\nThat is the meaning number 5 of だって.\n\nHow does \"[some pronoun] say\" turn into \"because\", \"but\" and \"even\" etc?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T13:22:57.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43239",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T14:23:15.603",
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"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Why can だって have so many meanings?",
"view_count": 2161
} | [
{
"body": "1 and 2 are conjunctive だって used at the beginning of a sentence.\n\n> * 買わなかったよ。だって、高かったんだ。 \n> I didn't buy it. [After all / Because] it was expensive.\n> * 「買えって言ったでしょう？」「だって、高かったんだ。」 \n> \"Didn't I tell you to buy it?\" \"But it was expensive!\"\n>\n\nThis kind of だって is used to argue back, or to provide further explanation to\nconvince someone. It's translated as \"but\" or \"because\" depending on the\nprevious context. If you're not sure, something like \"you know\" or \"well\"\nshould work.\n\n3 and 4 are mid-sentence だって used after a noun to emphasize it.\n\n> * 君だってできる。 Even you can do it. / You can do it, too.\n> * お前だって見ただろう？ You saw it, too, didn't you?\n>\n\nDefinition 5 describes sentence-end だって. Sometimes it can sound mildly\naccusatory. In this case って is just [a colloquial variant of the quotative\nと](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3913/5010).\n\n> 明日は雨だって。 [They say / I heard] it will rain tomorrow.\n\nI don't know how だって is related to the verb 言う etymologically. だって is short\nenough and I don't feel it's worth analyzing this word too much.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T14:01:28.257",
"id": "43241",
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}
]
| 43239 | 43241 | 43241 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I often see \"deshou\" instead of \"darou\" in text where only plain, casual verbs\nare being used, that is, a converstation between friends, for example. Why is\nthat? Why not darou?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T15:32:00.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43242",
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"owner_user_id": "19691",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Why deshou in casual speech?",
"view_count": 2223
} | [
{
"body": "In practice, within a conversation, the final verb form may be used to help\nconvey an inter-personal meaning attached to a particular sentence. Using\n\"deshou\" instead of \"darou\" in a sentence temporarily assign the\nlistener/reader more respect to emphasize the doubt on the part of the\nspeaker/writer. Assuming this is the reason, then it is not surprising that it\noccurs with darou/deysou, because indicating doubt is often a deliberate\nindicator of humility.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-06T18:07:48.517",
"id": "43247",
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{
"body": "In casual conversation (i.e. even when only plain, casual verbs are being\nused), women/girls (and young children too) tend to use 「でしょ」「でしょう」「でしょー」 etc.\ninstead of 「だろう」「だろ」 at the end of sentences. 「だろ(う)。」 sounds more masculine\nand 「でしょ(う)。」 sounds more feminine and softer in casual conversation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T01:53:16.483",
"id": "43253",
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{
"body": "でしょう and だろう will often be used by same people in the same conversation.\n\nEven males tend to prefer でしょう over だろう in most situations unless they're\nreally going for that masculine feel or talking very casually.\n\nでしょう since it is polite will often be used to get approval or talk about\nanother person.\n\n```\n\n でしょでしょ？\n Right right?\n \n あるんでしょ\n There would be/ they would have it etc\n \n```\n\nIn these situations using だろう could seem a little harsh or stand-offish\n\nOn the other hand when wondering to oneself since you're not talking about\nother thing だろう is more natural in casual speech.\n\n```\n\n なんでだろう？\n why could it be？\n \n```\n\nI checked the hits on google and あるんでしょ has about 4 million more hits than\nあるんだろう whilst なんでだろう has 4 million more than なんででしょ so it really does depend\non the type of phrase more than the level of politeness.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T03:54:10.177",
"id": "43257",
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| 43242 | null | 43253 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43245",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't get why どうも is in the following sentence. What is its role in it?\n\n> **どうも** 君は未だ胸に一物もっているような気がする。文句があればはっきり言ってよ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T16:55:59.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43243",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-06T17:21:33.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does どうも mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 282
} | [
{
"body": "This どうも means _somehow_. It modifies 気がする at the end of the sentence (i.e.,\n\"I somehow feel that ...\").\n\nIt's the fourth definition of [the entry on\njisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%82%82) and the second\ndefinition of [the entry on\nデジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/156970/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%82%82/).\n\n> ２ 物事の原因や理由がはっきりわからない気持ちを表す。「どうも調子がおかしい」「理数系はどうも苦手だ」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-06T17:08:27.700",
"id": "43245",
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| 43243 | 43245 | 43245 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43246",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have been constantly told that だ can not be placed after an I-adjective. Why\nis that?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T16:58:26.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43244",
"last_activity_date": "2018-04-26T06:04:31.547",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-06T19:52:46.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "19357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 19,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"i-adjectives",
"copula",
"register"
],
"title": "Why can't だ be used after an I-adjective?",
"view_count": 8277
} | [
{
"body": "だ is the plain-form copula (the \"is; to be\" word). In the plain form, い\nadjectives already form a complete predicate (the piece of a sentence or\nclause that can complete that sentence or clause). In translation, it's like\nthe い adjective already includes the \"is\" meaning -- so 速い would be \"[it] _is_\nfast\", not just \"fast\".\n\nSince だ is only used to provide a way of finalizing plain-form clauses, it's\nredundant in cases where the plain-form clause is already a complete predicate\n-- such as when it ends in an い adjective. Saying 速いだ might be like saying\n\"[it] is is fast\" in English -- the meaning is clear, but it's grammatically\nwrong and it sounds wrong.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-06T17:19:17.130",
"id": "43246",
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},
{
"body": "Grammatically speaking, there really are no adjectives in Japanese.\ni-adjectives are just special verbs. i-adjectives have many of the same\ninflections as do verbs, and they fulfill a grammatical role essentially\nequivalent to that of verbs. Therefore, 電車は速い is a complete sentence meaning\n\"the train is fast\", where 速い is the predicate.\n\ni-adjective + です could be considered a special construction for the sake of\npoliteness, similar to verb + ます. However, attaching an adjective to だ or でした,\netc., would be ungrammatical or at least unidiomatic (because you would have\ntwo predicates). If you need the polite form of the past tense, instead of\n早いでした, you would say 早かったです.\n\nI know this is really confusing for many people. I used to be confused about\nthe same question as well, but when I realized that i-adjectives are really a\nspecial category of verbs, it is easy to understand what is going on.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T20:42:43.813",
"id": "43249",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19346",
"parent_id": "43244",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 20
}
]
| 43244 | 43246 | 43246 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was thinking about the question \"How old is your father?\". I know that I can\nuse oikutsu for \"How old are YOU.\" But can I use it also for \"she / he\"? So,\n\"how old is your father\", could I ask \"あなたのお父さんはおいくつですか。\" ? And yes, I use\n\"anata\", you can also think just of a name! :) Thanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-06T20:55:15.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43250",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19735",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Do I use おいくつ also for other people?",
"view_count": 1764
} | [
{
"body": "Short answer: Yes, you can.\n\nLong answer: Yes, you can, but you must be careful not to make an easy-to-make\nmistake that could make it rude.\n\n「幾つ（いくつ）」 originally comes from the Japanese way of counting (ひとつ、ふたつ）, with\n「幾」 here meaning \"how many\".「何歳（なんさい）」 is obviously the 音読み way of reading\nderived from the old Chinese pronunciation.\n\nWhen you ask a child how old they are, you ask 「いくつですか？」. However, when you\nask an adult, it would be extremely rude to ask them the same way you would a\nchild. Make sure to add the 「お」 as you have already correctly done to avoid\noffending anyone.\n\nAs you probably already know, 「何歳ですか」 can be used, but it's not as polite as\n「お幾つですか」. Especially in your case, since you are asking about someone's\nparents, it would be good to show respect by using 「お幾つ」.\n\nDo be careful though, excessive use of 尊敬語 instead of the normal 敬語 can make\nit seem like you are trying to put more distance between you and the person\nyou are asking about in your relationship with them. If you are pretty close\nto the person you are asking the age of in both age and relationship, 「何歳」\ncould be a better option.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T01:17:08.100",
"id": "43252",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-07T10:11:29.677",
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"owner_user_id": "18608",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 43250 | null | 43252 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43258",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As I know All 3 words mean possibly/perhaps. They differ in % of possibility\n(My Japanese friend said so). But I am confused when to use which one\nproperly?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T02:44:51.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43255",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-08T00:44:26.220",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-07T02:52:30.577",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"usage",
"modality"
],
"title": "When to use which one ? かもしれない、たぶん、もしかしたら",
"view_count": 2812
} | [
{
"body": "they all have different uses.\n\nかもしれない is used at the end of a sentence to say \"it might\" or \"maybe\" (20-40%)\n\n> 彼は野球の試合に行くかもしれない。\n>\n> **He might go to the baseball game.**\n\nたぶん is used as a prefix to say \"probably,\" or \"maybe\" (75% or above)\n\n> 野球の試合行きますか？\n>\n> うん、多分。\n>\n> **Are you going to go the baseball game?**\n>\n> **Yeah, probably.**\n\nもしかしたら is closer to \"if\" than maybe, but also \"perhaps\" and the closest\ntranslation I could think of is \"if by some chance.\" Don't think it is\nassociated with a percentage, but is sometimes even used in combination with\nかもしれない.\n\n> もしかしたら、野球の試合でベースボールカードが売っているかもしれないけどパック一つ買ってくれない？\n>\n> **Because by chance they might be selling baseball cards at the game, would\n> you mind buying me a pack?**\n\nEDIT: From some suggested edits, I think it's worth it to note that even I\nslightly misunderstand もしかしたら。 It really is three parts, もし、か(Q) and したら、where\nもし itself means if, and もしか itself means perhaps or maybe, \"in case.\" The したら\nat the end roughly makes it into like \"if perhaps it is the case,\" in which\ncase in my original example, saying たら twice was redundant to the meaning.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T04:52:02.797",
"id": "43258",
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"owner_user_id": "10300",
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"score": 9
}
]
| 43255 | 43258 | 43258 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43260",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The phrase\n\n> Yume no naka futari de ita yo ne\n\nis translated in a page as\n\n> In my dreams, we were together\n\nI don't understand the meaning of the particles here, plus where the\n'together' comes from. _Yume no naka_ is 'inside of my dreams' I suppose,\n_futari_ would be 'the two of us' and _ita_ the past of _iru_ which would be\n'were' but where is the 'together'? What does the _yo ne_ adds here? And _de_\nis supposed to be a particle that indicates the place where an action happens,\nbut here is after 'the two of us'?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T02:48:55.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-で",
"particle-ね",
"particle-よ"
],
"title": "The meaning of the particles in \"Yume no naka futari de ita yo ne\"",
"view_count": 2365
} | [
{
"body": "The particle \"de\" 「で」 doesn't just mark the location where something happens.\nIt's also used to mark the _means_ by which something happens. Which can\ninclude more direct things like \"the tool by which an action was performed\"\n(e.g. I went to Tokyo _by bullet train_ - _densha de_ Tokyo ni itta) but can\nalso mark more abstract ideas. So \"futari de\" 「二人で」 means \"by way of the two\nof us\", or in other words \"[do it] together\". Since the verb here is just\n\"ita\", it's \"we were together\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T05:09:43.563",
"id": "43260",
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},
{
"body": "I see translation failed. \"yume no naka futari de ita yone\" is \"Both you and\nme were in same dream, weren't we\". This is included part of yone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T15:58:09.290",
"id": "43275",
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}
]
| 43256 | 43260 | 43260 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43358",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I got usage of すみません versus ごめんなさい from here: [Usage of すみません (sumimasen)\nversus ごめんなさい\n(gomen'nasai)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/317/usage-\nof-%E3%81%99%E3%81%BF%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93-sumimasen-\nversus-%E3%81%94%E3%82%81%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%81%84-gomennasai).\n\nI heard Japanese people use 申し上げない (or 申し上げません) while talking on the phone. I\nwould like to know the proper usage of 申し上げない and 申し訳ない in contrast with すみません\nor ごめんなさい.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T07:17:24.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43261",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Usage of 申し上げない and 申し訳ない in contrast with すみません or ごめんなさい",
"view_count": 7018
} | [
{
"body": "> customer: I have received the parcel from you today, but it's color is red.\n> I orderd bule one. seller: 申し訳ありません。青い商品をすぐに発送いたします。I'm sorry. I'll ship the\n> blue one immediately.\n\nThe direct transration of \"申し訳ありません\" is \"There is no word to express my\napology.\" So it is used to admit the fault completely. Then a compensation is\nsometimes expected.\n\n\"申し訳ない\" is casual expression. You can't use it in the above situaion of the\nexample context.\n\nWhen you step on someone's foot in the train. You should immediately say\n\"済みません\" \nThe direct translation of \"済みません\" is \"There is no way to appologize\" but\n\"済みません\" can be often heard everywhere in Japan. It's casual phrase to express\nyour excuse for not serious mistakes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-08T01:23:28.767",
"id": "43294",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T01:40:51.827",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-10T01:40:51.827",
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},
{
"body": "There is no such thing as\n\n> 申し上げない\n>\n> 申し上げません\n\nfor apology. You probably wouldn't ever say that anyway even though it's\ngrammatically correct being the negative form of 申し上げる. It is not the meaning\nyou think it is.\n\n* * *\n\nWhat you were asking is probably about\n\n> 申し訳ありません\n\nIt's a formal apology that you would use after making a mistake in a formal\nsituation i.e. a workplace.\n\nYou could use\n\n> 申し訳ない\n\nin informal situations as well. For example, if you caused your friend some\ntrouble somehow, you could tell them 「申し訳ない」.\n\nThe distinction between\n\n> ごめんなさい\n\nand\n\n> 申し訳ない\n\nbecomes apparent here:\n\nごめんなさい is for when you want to apologize for your actions.\n\nすみません is when you express your feelings regarding your mistake.\n\n申し訳ありません is when you want to express your sincerity and regret at your\nmistake; you're literally at a loss for words regarding your mistake if you\nsay this.\n\nThe focus of all these is different. If you done goofed towards your friend or\ncaused them lots of inconvenience, it would be appropriate to say 申し訳ない to\nthem. Similarly you could say 「すまん」.\n\n(This is a good example: <http://okwave.jp/qa/q6530648.html> )\n\n* * *\n\n(By the way, someone else in their answer used the kanji for すみません, but that\nis an unusual and uncommon thing to do and I highly recommend against it as it\nlooks very out-of-place.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T01:25:25.990",
"id": "43358",
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"owner_user_id": "19790",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 43261 | 43358 | 43294 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43264",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: two guys have just finished discussing a matter.\n\n> Character A: 俺の話そんなとこだ。あー疲れた。おまえ伊吹【いぶき】のとこ帰れ。 (pushing character B)\n>\n> Character B: 自分で呼んどいて！ (looking irritated, then goes away)\n\nI understand that 呼んどいて is a contraction of 呼んでおいて, but I still don't\nunderstand the meaning of the second sentence.\n\nSince it finishes in -て form, I suppose Character B is telling Character A to\ndo something, but the meaning of 呼ぶ is not clear to me here. Is it being used\nwith the meaning of \"to tell\" rather than \"to call\"? Not being able to\nunderstand the meaning of 呼ぶ, I don't understand the value of おく either.\n\nJudging from the context, could the translation be something like \"Mind yor\nown business\" or \"You don't need to tell me that\"? Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T08:23:18.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43263",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-07T08:29:49.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of 自分で呼んどいて",
"view_count": 572
} | [
{
"body": "As you stated, 「呼んどいて」 is a colloquial contraction of 「呼んでおいて」.\n\n> 「自分{じぶん}で + Verb in te-from + おいて」\n\nis a common expression meaning:\n\n> \"I/you/(s)he am/are/is the one who (verb + ed), **but (now)** ~~~~\"\n>\n> \"It was I/you/(s)he who (verb + ed), **but (now)** ~~~~\"\n\n_**The entire main clause (the ~~~~ part) is sometimes left unsaid**_ and that\nis the key factor to this expression.\n\nAlso of importance is the fact that who 「自分」 refers to depends entirely on the\ncontext.\n\n> 「自分で呼{よ}んどいて」\n\nthus means in that context:\n\n> \" _ **It was you who called me over (, but you are now telling me to go\n> home)**_.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T09:28:21.010",
"id": "43264",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 43263 | 43264 | 43264 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I mentioned [こんこん](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/japanese-onomatopoeia/) to\na native speaker, and he hadn't heard it before.\n\nIs こんこん the standard onomatopoeia for foxes? If not, what does the fox say?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T12:12:00.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43265",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-13T12:03:22.277",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-19T10:52:56.507",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 18,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia",
"animals"
],
"title": "Is こんこん onomatopoeia for foxes?",
"view_count": 4949
} | [
{
"body": "「こんこん」 is just about the only onomatopoeia for a fox's cry. It is difficult to\nbelieve what your native speaker friend(?) has told you. I honestly do not\neven know of an alternative onomatopoeia for that.\n\nIn fact, 「こんこん」 can even mean a \"fox\" itself just like 「わんわん」 can mean a \"dog\"\nwhen speaking to toddlers.\n\nSee what\n[デジタル大辞泉{だいじせん}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E3%81%93%E3%82%93-506073#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)\nsays.\n\n> ［副］\n\n> １ せきをするときの声を表す語。\n\n> ２ **狐{きつね}の鳴{な}き声{ごえ}を表{あらわ}す語{ご}。**\n\n> ３ 固い物が軽く打ち当たったときに発する音を表す語。「扉をこんこん（と）ノックする」\n\n> ４ 雪や雨などがさかんに降るさま。\n\n> ［名］ **狐のこと** 。\n\nMy own TL of the above:\n\n> [Adverb]:\n\n> 1. Onomatopoeia for coughing\n>\n\n> 2. Onomatopoeia for a fox's cry\n>\n\n> 3. Knocking sound\n>\n\n> 4. Onomatopoeia for heavy snow or rain\n>\n\n> [Noun]: A fox.\n\nHere is a famous children's song about foxes which is named none other than\n「こぎつねこんこん」 and I still could not believe there is a native speaker who grew up\nnot listening to or singing it:\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOuoIQWlrHs>\n\nIn children's stories as well, I could not remember another onomatopoeia used\nfor a fox.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T12:28:14.930",
"id": "43266",
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}
]
| 43265 | null | 43266 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43268",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When reading a post about a game, I came across this sentence:\n\n> 司令塔プラットフォームの最上階に赤ランプが点灯してる部屋があるんですが、ここっていずれ入れるようになるのでしょうか。\n\nThe person who posted this wanted to enter that room, but for some reason or\nanother he couldn't.\n\nWhen I looked up the meaning of いずれ, I wasn't sure if it translated along the\nlines of:\n\n\" **When** will I be able to enter here?\" or \"Will I **somehow** be able to\nenter here?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T13:49:57.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43267",
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"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "10587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of いずれ in this context",
"view_count": 479
} | [
{
"body": "In this context, 「いずれ」 means \" ** _eventually_** \", \" ** _one of these days_**\n\", \" ** _sooner or later_** \", etc.\n\n> \"Will we eventually be able to enter this room?\"\n\nThe larger context will reveal what the best TL would be.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T13:55:06.483",
"id": "43268",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 43267 | 43268 | 43268 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43292",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "If I am going to print some text to give to backpackers, is adding furigana\nworthwhile? It's important to avoid misunderstanding, but I would think people\ncoming from Japan to Spain would be fairly literate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T14:33:32.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43269",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14428",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"furigana"
],
"title": "How useful is furigana for most adults and teenagers?",
"view_count": 507
} | [
{
"body": "Some difficult kanji is unreadable for some adult in Japan. For example taro\naso or shinzo abe couldn't read 踏襲 未曽有 云々(toshu,mizou,unnnun). Japanese\nstandard reader may dislike furigana. On the other side, furigana is useful\nfor kids or foreigner.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T15:23:15.270",
"id": "43272",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-07T15:23:15.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "Furigana is basically not necessary because backpackers are not elementary\nschool kids. Adding furigana to easy words can even be disturbing. Ordinary\nnews articles written in Japanese have almost zero furigana. There are many\ndifficult words which native speakers cannot read without furigana, but simple\nguidance text should not contain such difficult words in the first place. One\nexception is uncommon kanji proper nouns which can be very difficult. But\nsince your text seems to be about Spain, this should not be relevant.\n\nAt any rate, I recommend you have that text proofread by a native speaker :)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-07T23:26:09.597",
"id": "43292",
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"body": "Unless the write want readers to read the kanji in an unconventional way\n(e.g., 歳月｛とき｝) or if the kanji is non-regular use, i.e., 表外字 _hyōgaiji_ (e.g.,\n蘇｛よみがえ｝る), there will be absolutely no need for furigana if the intended\naudience is adults/teenagers. Meanwhile, there is no reason to include\ndifficult kanji anyway; these usages appear almost only in literary works.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T05:35:57.713",
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| 43269 | 43292 | 43292 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43274",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching Tatami Galaxy and one of the characters said the following\nsentence:\n\n「どうせあなたはどんな道を選んだって今みたいな有様になっちまうんだ。」\n\nI know the other uses of って but I'm confused here. Going by context I can tell\nthe sentence means ''Anyhow, no matter what decision you may take, you'll\nstill end up like this/in this situation.'' I'm just following my gut feeling\nthough, and I'm still not sure of what that って is doing there.",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Meaning of って in this sentence",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "In that sentence, 「って」 is a conjunctive particle meaning \" ** _even if_** \".\nYour translation is actually very good. (It is difficult to use \"even if\" in\nthe translation.)\n\n「って」, in that context, is synonymous to 「としても」, but 「って」 sounds much more\ninformal than 「としても」.\n\n> 「Phrase A + って + Phrase B」\n\nexpresses that the content of Phrase B would be the **_unexpected result_** of\nwhat the content of Phrase A might apparently suggest.",
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| 43273 | 43274 | 43274 |
{
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"body": "correct example: 「うちの子には子供らしく元気に育ってほしい。」\n\nwhy is it not correct? 「うちの子には子供みたいに元気に育ってほしい。」\n\ncan't really understand why it can't be used in this sentence",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T16:22:08.237",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "〜みたい / 〜らしい grammar difference",
"view_count": 754
} | [
{
"body": "The reason is that:\n\n「こども **らしい** 」 has a **positive** meaning of \" **child-like** \" and\n\n「こども **みたい** 」 has a **negative** meaning of \" **childish** \".\n\nThus, your second sentence:\n\n> 「うちの子{こ}には子供{こども} **みたい** に元気{げんき}に育{そだ}ってほしい。」\n\npractically makes no sense as it means:\n\n> \"I want my kid to grow up healthily in a childish way.\"\n\nYour first sentnece:\n\n> 「うちの子には子供 **らしく** 元気に育ってほしい。」\n\nmakes perfect sense as it means:\n\n> \"I want my kid to grow up healthily like a good kid (should).\"",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T16:34:15.317",
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| 43276 | null | 43277 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Seeing, for exampe, **4月から** (or まで）in a text, how to tell if it means 'since\nApril' or '4 months ago' （respectively, 'until April' or 'after 4 months) ?\n\nSimilarly, how to tell if **4日から** (or まで） means 'since the 4th this month' or\n'4 days ago' （respectively, 'until the 4th this month' or 'after 4 days)?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"time"
],
"title": "In a text, how to tell the difference between a date (of the year) and days/months?",
"view_count": 213
} | [
{
"body": "* [４ヶ月前]{よん・か・げつ・まえ}から ⇔ From 4 months ago\n * [４月]{し・がつ}から ⇔ From April\n * [４日前]{よっかまえ}から ⇔ From 4 days ago\n * [今月４日]{こんげつよっか}から ⇔ From the 4th of this month\n\nTime interval for months is indicated by adding the character \"ヶ” (pronounced\nka) before 月.\n\n_The small ke (ヶ) is a Japanese character, typographically a small form of the\nkatakana character ケ ke. While identical in shape to a small ケ, the shape is\nactually an abbreviation for the kanji 箇_ [more at [Wikipedia, Small\nke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_ke) ]\n\nEtymology: 箇/個/个 is a counter used sometimes in Chinese coming **_before_**\nthe object, but in Japanese is only used **_before_** the object for counting\nmonths, and in other cases where it is used, it always comes **after** , e.g.,\n\n * Japanese [４ヶ月]{よん・か・げつ}, c.f. ４个月 (Simplified Ch.), ４個月 (Traditional Ch.) \n * unique instance where Japanese borrows Chinese pre position 個 counter regular expression: \n * **{number}{counter(noun)}{noun}**\n * Japanese [一人]{ひとり}, c.f. 一個人 (Traditional Ch.) or 一个人 (Simplified Ch.) - \n * unique case (including [一人前]{いち・にん・まえ}) of native Japanese post position counter regular expression:\n * **{number}{counter(noun)}**\n * Japanese [一日間]{いち・にち・かん}, c.f. 一天 (Traditional+Simplified Ch. - no counter!) \n * usual case of native Japanese post position counter regular expression:\n * **{noun}{number}{counter(noun)}**\n\n_Note: I don't have a reference to show that the first two cases above\ndescribed as \"unique\" are actually unique. If someone knows a reference or a\ncounter example, please post._",
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"body": "These will almost always mean \"since April/the 4th\" (I can't think of an\nexample where they wouldn't).\n\n> * From 4 months ago → [４ヶ月前]{よん・か・げつ・まえ}から\n> * 4 months later → [４ヶ月後]{よん・か・げつ・ご}\n> * Since April → [4月]{し・がつ}から\n> * Until 4 months from now → [４ヶ月後]{よん・か・げつ・ご}まで\n>\n\n\n\n> * From 4 days ago → [４日前]{よっか・まえ}から\n> * 4 days later → [４日後]{よっか・ご}\n> * Since the 4th of the month → [4日]{よっか}から\n> * Until 4 days from now → [4日後]{よっか・ご}まで\n>",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T16:57:10.393",
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| 43278 | null | 43281 |
{
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"body": "I can't quite understand the meaning of _dakedo_ here.\n\n> 予定日は過ぎているから どっちかは分かるん **だけど** なぁ。 \n> We are passing the scheduled date.\n\n(This is what I can understand from this sentence about a baby born date.) I'm\nreally confused about だけど.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T16:46:22.787",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "だけど (used at the end of a sentence)",
"view_count": 2971
} | [
{
"body": "This is really a case of けど at the end of a sentence. There are several\nquestions about this already:\n\n * [けど at the end of the sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2086/1628)\n * [けど in the end of sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36037/1628)\n\nYour sentence ends in 分かるんだ, where ん = の is nominalizing the verb 分かる and だ is\nthen needed to make it a complete sentence (and けど is following that). The\nsentence also could have ended in …分かるけどなぁ. For this you can look at\n\n * [What is the meaning of ～んです?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/1628)\n\nBack to your example sentence, 予定日 is a keyword here and refers to the\nestimated day of confinement (\"due date\"). どっちか means \"which [of two options]\"\nand in this context the two options are \"boy or girl\".\n\n> 予定日は過ぎているから どっちかは分かるんだけどなぁ。 \n> We have passed the due date already. Well, we already know which it's going\n> to be...",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T17:07:20.617",
"id": "43282",
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{
"body": "It's hard to understand for me but the full statement could be the following.\n\n\"予定日を過ぎているから、もう赤ちゃんは生まれているのだろう。だとしたら、男の子なのか女の子なのか、見に行けばどっちか分かるんだけどなあ（仕事で行けないけど）\"",
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"id": "43297",
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| 43279 | null | 43282 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43285",
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"body": "> 喜んであなたのお手伝いをします。\n\nis translated as\n\n> I will be pleased to help you.\n\nあなたのお手伝いを \"help to you\" and is the direct object of the verb します , I\nunderstand this. But I don't understand why\n\n 1. the verb _yorokobu_ is conjugated in a _te_ -form (which I understand is imperative like \"be delighted!\"), and\n\n 2. it's translated as some sort of future passive voice since present passive voice usually ends with _-reru_ , but\n\n 3. here it does not and it is translated in future tense (why is it \"I will be pleased\" and not \"I'm pleased\"?)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T18:26:02.447",
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"て-form",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Why 喜んで in 喜んであなたのお手伝いをします。is in some sort of imperative voice and not in passive voice?",
"view_count": 661
} | [
{
"body": "喜んで is just the 〜て form of 喜ぶ. And as you (might) know, one main usage of the\n〜て form is to connect multiple clauses as \"and\":\n\n> * 喜びます → I am/will be glad.\n> * あなたのお手伝いをします → I will help you. \n> ⬇︎\n> * 喜んであなたのお手伝いをします。 → I am pleased and will help you → I will be pleased to\n> help you.\n>\n\nYou could also think of this 〜て as the \"by means of 〜\" form (for which 〜で is\nused on nouns).\n\n> * 電車でゴー！ → Let's go by train\n> * 魚を焼いて食べる → Grill a fish and eat it (\"Eat a fish by grilling it\").\n>\n\nSo you could think of this sentence as `I will help you \"by means of\" being\nhappy`.\n\n* * *\n\nThe form here is simply the 〜て form. There is nothing going on concerning the\npassive voice (受身) or imperative (命令形). The passive form of 喜ぶ is 喜ばれる. The\nimperative form is 喜べ, and while the 〜て form _can_ function as a \"light\"\nimperative (as 〜てください, omitting the ください), that is not the case here. If the\nsentence were _slightly_ changed to say something like the following, then\nyou'd have a \"light\" imperative.\n\n> * 喜んで **ね** 、あなたのお手伝いをします。 → Cheer up, I'll help you out.\n>\n\nBut then the context of the sentence is somewhat different; you're comforting\nthe other person who almost seems bummed out about some large task and needs\nhelp to get it done, whereas in the original sentence the person's feelings\nabout needing help feel more neutral.\n\n* * *\n\nRemember that the present and future tenses in Japanese are the same, and\nalthough context can often help figure out which it should be, there are times\nwhen it's ambiguous. In this case it's clearly the future because it would be\nstrange to say to someone, \"I'm gladly helping you (now)!\"",
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"body": "The origin of the form 喜んで as the _te_ -form of the verb 喜ぶ has been discussed\nin @istrasci's answer. (I.e. it does _not_ express a request, but rather its\nliteral meaning is \"I am pleased and will help you\".)\n\nThe form 喜んで could be said to be slightly more than just the _te_ -form of\nanother verb. It is a very idiomatic expression that even has its own entry in\nmonolingual dictionaries, e.g. in 大辞林:\n\n> **よろこんで** 【喜んで・悦んで】 \n> （ 副 ）\n>\n> 相手のことばを快く受け入れるさま。自分から進んで。快く。 「 －伺います」\n\nwhere it is analyzed as an **adverb** , allowing for expressions such as\n\n> はい、喜んで \n> It will be my pleasure.\n>\n> 喜んで伺います \n> I gladly [confirm your request].\n\nYou could interpret the form in your sentence as the plain _te_ -form of 喜ぶ,\nor recognize it as a more idiomatic phrase adding a polite touch:\n\n> 喜んであなたのお手伝いをします。 \n> It would be my pleasure to help you.",
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| 43284 | 43285 | 43285 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43290",
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"body": "As the title of this question suggests, I was wondering about the difference\nbetween the two verbs 類推する and 推測する, in this context specifically:\n\n> （文脈から意味を） **推測** する・ **類推** する\n\nI am used to seeing the former, but just today I came across the latter. From\nwhat I know about the meanings of the verbs I would guess that there is a\nslight nuance, in that 類推する implies that more of an effort is being made (in\nthis context to deduce the meaning from context), whereas 推測する does not\nspecify that one is actively engaged in a thinking process to come to a\nconclusion. Rather, the reader might just have relied on intuition. But I am\nnot at all sure.\n\nFor clarity's sake, the full sentence this verb appeared in was:\n\n> 上達してくると、読書中に知らない単語があっても文脈から意味が類推できるようになる\n\nIs there really a difference between （意味が）推測する・類推する? Thanks in advance from\nsomeone currently struggling with small differences between the words 推測, 類推,\n推理, 推論 and the like...",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 類推する and 推測する",
"view_count": 317
} | [
{
"body": "By my understanding, 推測する means something INFERS something. That is you draw a\nconclusion from a single content based on logic or reasoning. Whereas, 類推する\nmeans to ANALOGIZE. In the dictionary: \"make a comparison of (something) with\nSOMETHING ELSE to assist understanding\". 推理 means deduction, and 推論 is a noun\nfor 推測する.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T21:06:42.500",
"id": "43289",
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"body": "Your guess is fairly correct.\n\nThe meaning of 「類推する」 taken from [this dictionary\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/233570/meaning/m0u/) is:\n\n> 類似の点をもとにして、他を推しはかること。「過去の事例から類推する」\n\nIn short, 「類推する」 is to deduce from similar things.\n\nFor example, if you don't know the meaning of 「類推する」 but know the words 「\n**類** 似」 (== similar) and 「 **推** 測」 (== guess), then you might get the\nmeaning of 「類推する」 (== guess from similar things). This is 「類推」.\n\nOn the other hand, 「推測する」 is simply to guess. It still somehow implies a\nreasonable thinking process. It rarely is totally an intuition.\n\n* * *\n\nShort comments for other words: 「推理」 has strong nuance of reasonable (but\nuncertain) deduction. 「推論」 is similar; it is often translated as \"to infer.\"\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, in your question, 「意味 **が** 推測する」 (or 「意味 **が** 類推する」) is strange\nin terms of grammar. It should be 「意味 **を** 推測する」.\n\nIn your full sentence 「が」 is used instead of 「を」, influenced by 「できる」 in\n「類推できる」.",
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| 43286 | 43290 | 43290 |
{
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"body": "As the title denotes, I have lots of vaguenesses in making it clear between\n分かっています and 知っています - Is their meaning all \"I know\"?\n\nHence, I can't stop thinking about these two:\n\n * 中国語を知っていますか?\n * 中国語が分かっていますか?\n\nDo they have the same meaning? Can we use them interchangeably?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T19:54:22.330",
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"id": "43287",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "分かっています and 知っています - Do they all mean \"I know\"?",
"view_count": 1398
} | [
{
"body": "知っています literally means you KNOW ABOUT sth 分かっています literally means you\nUNDERSTAND sth",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-07T20:18:17.843",
"id": "43288",
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"body": "> •中国語を知っていますか? \n> はい、もちろん知っています。中国で話されている言葉ですよね。 \n> Yes, off course, I know it. It's the language spoken in Chaina. \n> •中国語が分かっていますか? （中国語が分かりますか？） \n> いいえ、分かりません。 \n> No, I don't understand it. I can't read and hear it. (I can't read, hear,\n> speak and write it.)\n\n> •ドナルド・トランプを知っていますか? \n> はい、もちろん知っています。アメリカの大統領ですよね。 \n> Yes, off course, I know him. He is the president of US. (I know him through\n> TV news everyday.) \n> •ドナルド・トランプが（どんな人物か、何を考えているのか）分かっていますか? \n> いいえ、分かりません。世界中の人が、まだ分かっていないと思います。 \n> No, I don't understand him. He is very hard to understand for everybody in\n> the world.",
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"body": "So I remember that back in the day I learnt that things in Japanese were\nexplained by using から or an explanatory particle の and then the more formal\nversion of から is ので.\n\nEver since then I've just ran with the fact that から says that you're going to\ngive a reason and の simply makes it sound like you're stating a fact or\nexplaining something but I'm curious if there are any specific grammatical\ndifferences or nuances that specifically distinguish the two and how ので fits\ninto all of this. Is it merely a more polite から or is different from both of\nthem?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"particle-から",
"no-da"
],
"title": "Difference between の and から for denoting a reason/explanation",
"view_count": 222
} | [
{
"body": "So-called \"explanatory の\" has many functions and it's not a good idea to look\nfor a direct equivalent in English. See [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/3685/5010) and [this\none](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/5399/5010), and you can see that の\nis used way more casually than \"because\". Using \"because\" to translate の is\nsometimes okay, but unacceptable in many cases.\n\nので and から are both \"because\", which is something you use to explicitly denote\na reason. The difference between them is a frequently asked question on this\nsite. See the following questions.\n\n * [What are the differences between 〜ので and 〜から?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/411/5010)\n * [When to use ～ので vs ～から](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4715/5010)\n\nので and から are not interchangeable in many cases. When it's interchangeable, ので\nmay sound a bit milder and thus tends to be used in formal situations.",
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"body": "「から」\n\n> ex-1: 雨が降りそうだから、傘を持って行きます。 \n> It looks like rain. I'll take my umbrella. (I'll take my umbrella, because\n> it looks like rain.)\n\n「ので」\n\n> ex-2: 雨が降りそうなので、傘を持って行きます。\n\nThese two have the same meaning and interchangeable as colloquial expression.\n\n「から」と「ので」にあるわずかな違い There is slight difference between the two.\n\n> ex-3: 君が『もういらない』って言ったから、あの本は捨てたよ。You said you no longer needed it. So I\n> threw it out. \n> ex-4: 君が『もういらない』って言ったので、あの本は捨てたよ。\n\nI feel ex-3 is more argumentative style than ex-4.\n\n> ex-5: そよ風が吹{ふ}いたから、心地よかった。A litte breeze made me feel good. \n> ex-6: そよ風が吹いたので、心地よかった。\n\nThe difference is slight, but I like the expression ex-6, bcause a little\nbreeze always makes us feel good. Therer is no need to have an argumentative\nexpression.",
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"body": "The title is pretty much the question. All three of these mean something like,\n\"standard, norm, etc\". I found the following example sentences that helped me\nget an initial sense of the words:\n\n* * *\n\n**規範｛きはん｝：**\n\n倫理学｛りんりがく｝というのは、行動の規範の意味する。\n\nEthics means the rules of conduct.\n\nそれは私たちの道徳的｛どうとくてき｝規範には受け入れられない。\n\nIt is not acceptable to our moral code.\n\n* * *\n\n**基準｛きじゅん｝：**\n\nあいての基準を受け入れるのは、そのあいての力に服従することだ。\n\nAccepting the other's norms is submitting to the other's power.\n\n* * *\n\n**標準｛ひょうじゅん｝：**\n\nこのシャツは標準サイズだ。\n\nThis shirt is standard size.\n\n* * *\n\nI get the feeling that 標準 refers to a \"tangible\" standard -- maybe a property\nof something -- and 規範 has a meaning that has to do with rules, but is there a\nmore succinct definition of each of these three that is sufficiently different\nthat I don't essentially end up with three different flash cards that say\n\"standard (of the x type)\"?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
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"title": "Differences of 規範 vs 基準 vs 標準",
"view_count": 1138
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{
"body": "I couldn't make it any shorter, but maybe this will help narrow things down:\n\n * 規範 standard - to aspire to\n * 基準 standard - to measure against\n * 標準 standard - to know \n\nEdit: If you leave out 規範 and concentrate on the **difference** between 基準 and\n標準 ,\n\n * 基準 is reference for measuring like things, \n * 標準 is a designation to distinguish one among like things.\n\nAlthough, as language does not always follow rules well, there is the counter\nexample:\n\n * 標準偏差 ⇔ standard deviation\n\nwhich is used as unit of measurement in statistics.\n「統計学では、標準偏差は基準単位として使われています。」",
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"body": "I tried to do.\n\n規範: standard of our behaviors\n\n基準: standard from a particular view\n\n標準: general standard",
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"body": "\"規範 = cannon, norm, law, rule\" is literaryism. It isn't used daily. I and my\nwife never use it in our conversation. Some people use it in one's accademic\narticles or businesses and finacial institutions use it as \"Code of Conduct\nFundamentals for Credit Rating Agences. = 証券格付け機関が順守すべき行動規範\"\n\n\"基準 = basis, benchmark, basis of valuation, criteria\" \nAny evaluation requires its basis of evaluation. \nIf you are a HR person, you must have \"採用基準 = the acceptance policies.\"\n\n\"標準\" is very popular word in bussiness and especially industrial sector.\nJapanese business people like \"標準化 = standardization.\" \nIf employees are left to do how he or she likes, there must be several ways to\ndo the job. Then Japanese people says that \"標準化しよう！ = Let's standardize the\nprocess!\" and they make \"作業標準 = operation standard.\"",
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"body": "規範 is \"norm\", a pattern of behavior which your society/religion/company/etc\nexpect on you (usually ethically). It's a relatively uncommon word.\n「キリスト教における生活の規範」「社会規範」\n\n標準 has two major meanings, but both correspond to \"standard\".\n\n 1. average; normal; ordinary. 「標準的な身長の男」「標準サイズの靴」「標準モデルの車 (as opposed to premium model)」\n 2. standard as in technical standard. It's something widely shared and respected among people, and it often has to be explained by a fairly long document. 「標準的な日本語」「HTML標準」「国際的標準に従う」\n\n基準 is like 標準 but usually refers to much smaller things, such as a reference\npoint, a baseline value, a criterion, or a threshold, with which you make some\njudgement or measurement. It may or may not be widely shared among people. For\nexample, if you temporarily decide \"I will reject students with scores below\n60,\" that's a 基準 but not a 標準. 「メタスコアを基準にしてゲームを選ぶ」「診断基準 (diagnostic\ncriteria)」「基準点 (point of reference)」\n\n基準 has the broadest sense among the three, and they're often interchangeable.\nFor example [Pantone color\nsystem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantone#Pantone_Color_Matching_System)\nis safely called both 標準 and 基準. What's written on Code of Hammurabi is 規範 as\nwell as 基準.",
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| 43298 | 43338 | 43338 |
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"body": "I got \"As expected\" is the meaning of this word from Google Translate (is it\ncorrect?) and I guess this word is used in casual conversation (what is the\npolite version?).\n\nI would like to know it's meaning and usage(both is casual and formal\nconversation)",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Meaning and usage of やっぱり (矢っ張り)",
"view_count": 10240
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{
"body": "やっぱり is a colloquial/casual version of やはり. \nやっぱり/やはり has several meanings/usages. For example...\n\n\"as expected; as (one) would expect\"\n\n> * **やはり** それは本当だった。It was true, _just as I thought/expected/imagined_.\n> * 「犯人は彼だった。」「 **やっぱり** ね。」\"He was the criminal.\" \" _Just as I\n> thought/suspected_. ⇒ That's what I thought. / I knew it.\"\n> * **やっぱり** 言ったとおりだろう。That's exactly what I said. / Didn't I tell you so?\n> * 「 **やっぱり** （≂さすがは）イナバ、100人乗っても大丈夫。」 100 people can stand on Inaba's\n> storage shed, _just as one would expect_.\n>\n\n\"change one's mind / on second thought\"\n\n> * コーヒーください。いや、 **やっぱり** 紅茶にします。I'll have a coffee... No, _I changed my\n> mind / on second thought_ , make it a tea.\n>\n\n\"all the same; nonetheless; after all\"\n\n> * 冬は **やっぱり** スキーに限る。 Winter is the best season for skiing, _after all_.\n> * 小さいけど、 **やっぱり** この町が好きです。This town is small, but I like it _nonetheless\n> / all the same_.\n> * チョコレートは **やっぱり** 明治。Meiji's chocolate is the best.\n>\n\n(\"as expected to be the same as before\" ⇒) \"still\"\n\n> * 今も **やはり** XXにお勤めですか。Do you _still_ work for XX company?\n> * 彼女は今も **やっぱり** きれいだ。She's _as_ beautiful _as ever_.\n> * **やっぱり** わかりません。I _still_ don't understand.\n>\n\n(\"as expected to be the same as something/someone else\" ⇒) \"too; likewise\"\n\n> * **やはり** ここも売り切れか。It's sold out here, _too_.\n> * 弟さんも **やっぱり** X大出身？ Did your brother graduate from X University, _like_\n> you?\n>",
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| 43299 | 43312 | 43312 |
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"body": "They are both \"to do\" and i know that やる is only used with phsysical actions,\nbut i cannot say 想像やる because is not a phsysical action. And i also know that\nやる is also \"to give\" like 「プレゼントをやる」but i sometimes see やる being\ninterchangeable with する is there a rule for that? Can i freely say 「勉強やる」\n「運動やる」or 「可愛い女性の写真を見ながらオナニやってる」? How do i know when to use する or やる?\n\nThanks, greetings from france.",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "When do i have to use yaru instead of suru",
"view_count": 143
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| 43300 | null | null |
{
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"body": "In the passage,\n\n> この救済の光を \n> **さすれば** ここは幸福な場所となる\n\nwhat is the meaning of さすれば? Is it the kana for 然すれば?\n\nIn this context, I would have expected 射せば to be written instead.",
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"tags": [
"words",
"verbs",
"archaic-language"
],
"title": "Meaning of さすれば as a verb",
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{
"body": "さすれば is そうすれば (=\"if you do so\", \"then\") said in an archaic fashion. And yes, さ\nhere is [然](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/84236/meaning/m0u/), an archaic\nword that means そう in modern Japanese. This さ is almost dead now, but is found\nin a few set phrases like\n[さも](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/89357/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%95%E3%82%82/),\n[さもありなん](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%84%B6%E3%82%82%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93)\nin modern Japanese.\n\n(光を)射せば happens to make sense in this context, but it's not relevant.",
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| 43301 | 43302 | 43302 |
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"body": "There are many (loan) words which have both katakana version and pure Japanese\nversion. \nFor example:\n\n> report = レポート or ほうこく (報告) \n> project = プロジェクト or じぎょう (事業) \n> task = タスク or かだい(課題)\n\nI read [What causes loan words to displace native words for existing\nconcepts?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/16245/what-causes-\nloan-words-to-displace-native-words-for-existing-concepts) But that does not\nclarify which one should I prefer over other?\n\nShould I use katakana version for casual conversation and the native Japanese\nword for formal conversation?",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-08T09:30:25.183",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Usage of loan words in contrast with native Japanese word",
"view_count": 400
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{
"body": "On business, maney Japanese use katakana-English and Pure Japanese (came from\nChinese), and almost of them are believed interchageable but always has slight\ndifference each other. I can't reffer all of them here, but the policy is\nsimple \"Use Japanese version as many as possible.\"\n\nYou must has realized that most of all Katakana-English are nouns.\n\n> レポート = 報告、報告書 \n> レポートする = 報告する\n\nEach Katakana-English does not always have the same meaning of Japanese\nversion.\n\n> プロジェクトはプロジェクトで、これを事業とは言わない。\n\n事業 is used in more broad sense than プロジェクト。事業 is devided into many projects\nand rutine operations.\n\n> タスクと課題も異なる。 そもそもほとんどの日本人は、task と job と workの違いを知らない（気にしてない）。\n\nそれに、\n\n> 「課題と問題は同じではない」などとよく言われる。問題は「進行を妨げる諸々{もろもろ}」で、課題は「問題を乗り越えて先にすすむためのひとまとまりの仕事」\n>\n> タスクチームは、上述の課題解決のために設けられた組織（チーム）。\n\nOnce you learn Kanji-versions, you must memorize the original English terms\nrespectively. When Japanese use Katakana-version, you always aware of the\noriginal English term and you can understand the difference among the\nKatakana-version, Kanji-verson and the original English term.\n\nHope this helps.",
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"body": "I read an article from japantoday.com [Top 5 myths about learning\njapanese](https://www.japantoday.com/category/lifestyle/view/top-5-myths-\nabout-learning-japanese). From the article:\n\n> **#2. You need to use native Japanese words instead of borrowed foreign\n> words**\n>\n> As we all know, Japanese has a lot of borrowed words in it that range from\n> perfectly understandable to rage-inducingly absurd.\n>\n> But like it or not, those borrowed words are part of the Japanese language.\n> Saying you don’t like them is the same as saying you don’t like the English\n> words “admiral” (Arabic), “ketchup” (Chinese), or “jungle” (Hindi).\n>\n> And yet so many students insist on using the native Japanese equivalents of\n> words when there’s already a perfectly-fine borrowed word ready to use. They\n> say to for “door” (instead of “doa”), “daidaiiro” for “orange” (instead of\n> “orenji”), or “taku” for “table” (instead of “teeburu”). They think it\n> sounds more “pure,” but really they just end up sounding silly or outright\n> wrong.\n>\n> Unless you think saying “Let’s eat seaweed-wrapped-rice-with-raw-fish”\n> sounds better than “Let’s east sushi,” please don’t do this.\n\nOne of my Japanese friends said they always use `クラス` instead of `じゅぎょう`. \nI also read some facebook posts suggesting that these loan words are perfectly\nok to use.\n\n**Conclusion** \nLoan words are now part of the Japanese language. We don't have to choose\nnative Japanese words over loan words.",
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| 43305 | 43407 | 43387 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43309",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "A very nice vocaloid song called \"Rolling Girl\" has a very strong sense of\nlyrics. As I know, both やめる and とめる mean \"to stop/to quit\". However there are\n2 sentences in the lyric that offers completely different meaning from each\nother.\n\n> 息をとめるの which means \"to hold my breath\"\n\nEven though I thought it suppose to mean \"to stop breathing\". And then the\nlast lyric said :\n\n> 息をやめるの which means \"to stop breathing\"\n\nSo I want to really know the differences especially since that both are\nlabeled transitive verbs.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-08T11:36:51.550",
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"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "止める vs 止める(とめる and やめる) + 息",
"view_count": 5175
} | [
{
"body": "We usually say 息をとめる as the meaning of \"to hold my breath\". \"stop breathing\"\nis translated as 息(呼吸)がとまる and 息をとめる.\n\nWe rarely say 息をやめる. If we say it, 息をするのをやめる would be natural but it isn't\ncommon.\n\nThe lyrics of \"Rolling Girl\" has many figurative and suggestive phrases, so it\ncan be interpreted in many ways. This is the link about the interpretation.\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11100667561>\n\nI interpret 息をやめるの as the meaning of \"suicide\".",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-08T14:39:41.903",
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"body": "Yes, the basic idea of these two is \"to stop.\"\n\nWhen we say 「やめる」, it implies that we give it up and it will not resume soon,\nor even never.\n\nFor example, when we are playing outside and are to stop playing and go back\nhome, we tend to say 「今日はもう **やめ** よう」 but not 「今日はもう **とめ** よう」, because\nplaying is not likely to restart in the same day.\n\nAnother example is, when we say 「仕事を **やめる** 」 (which is given another kanji\n「[辞]{や}める」), it usually means \"to quit job\" or equivalently \"to leave\nposition.\"\n\nCompared to that, 「とめる」 does not imply such a future intention.\n\nAlso, 「とめる」 usually means to stop something ongoing (but not something that\nwill happen). For example, when someone is planning to do a bad thing and we\nwant him to stop it, we can say 「やめて」 but not 「とめて」.\n\n* * *\n\nIn this case of the song, 「息をやめる」 sounds like to stop breathing for a fairly\nlong time which leads health problems. On the other hand, 「息をとめる」 is to stop\nbreathing for a while, as we do when we dive into water. Although one can keep\nstopping forever, 「息をとめる」 does not at all imply such a future.",
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"body": "The last part of the original lyrics are the following.\n\n> もう一回{いっかい},もう一回。「私は今日も転{ころ}がります。」と, 少女は言{い}う 少女は言う\n> 言葉{ことば}に笑{ほほえ}みを奏{かな}でながら！ 「もう良{い}いかい？もう良{い}いよ。そろそろ君も疲{つか}れたろう,ね。」 \n> 息を止（や）めるの,今。\n\n\"息を止{や}めるの\" is strictly incorrect Japanese. Yes, it's a message of the lyrics,\nso we can intrepret the scene based on this imagery sentence.\n\nI interpret that \"息を止めるの\" act in concert with \"今日も転がります\" and \"もうそろそろ疲れたろうね\"\nand it means \"疲れたので、転がるのを止める\" We don't know what she is strugging for, but she\nfinally has decided to quit it.",
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| 43306 | 43309 | 43309 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43313",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So pardon for this being quite a specific question, but I'm trying to\ncommunicate this idea in a letter:\n\n> Looks like you had fun, so I'm glad.\n\nActually I'm finding it difficult to get my Japanese right in expressing this.\nThis is what I have so far:\n\n> Emilyさん は たのしかったのようなですねから、わたししあわせになりました。\n\nI'm unsure of whether it would be なりました or なる. In fact, I'm unsure of the\nsentence in general - the ような part is important because I don't want to say\n'you definitely had fun!', but I'm a little confused about how to structure\nit. Does it sound unnatural?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-08T17:54:20.033",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How to properly express my happiness - しあわせになりました。",
"view_count": 637
} | [
{
"body": "幸せ｛しあわせ｝ is used for long-lasting happiness or a state of happiness that\ncontinues. A better word could be 嬉｛うれ｝しい .\n\nSo your sentence could be:\n\n> Emilyさんは楽しかったようですから、私も嬉しいです！",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-08T20:58:32.927",
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"body": "You could say 楽｛たの｝しい or 嬉｛うれ｝しい (i.e., 私は楽しい/嬉しい). In addition, you could\nalso say that something which makes you happy is 楽しい (e.g., 楽しい映画 \"fun\nmovie\").\n\n幸｛しあわ｝せ is happiness that's more sublime and persistent. Also, with 幸せ, you\ndon't need to use になります. You could just say, like, 私は幸せでした.",
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| 43311 | 43313 | 43313 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43316",
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"body": "Here's something I just realized I didn't know how to say in Japanese. What is\nthe Japanese equivalent for words and set phrases used to express excitement\nfor what someone is doing, while also cheering them on and actively\nencouraging them to keep it up?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-09T01:40:49.310",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese equivalent for words like 'go' in 'go team!'?",
"view_count": 3845
} | [
{
"body": "Common ones heard during many types of games are:\n\n * 行け！\n * 頑張れ！\n * ゴー！\n\nPeople often say these repeatedly (\"行け行け行け！\"). Other verbs are also used when\nappropriate (\"押せ押せ押せ！\", \"走れ走れ！\").\n\nThere are [longer phrases](http://naruhodo.jp.net/7-cheer-up-phrases-replace-\nganbatte/) usually used to cheer someone up before a game. [Dedicated\ncheerleaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cendan) have their own ways\nof cheering.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T01:57:59.393",
"id": "43316",
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{
"body": "> 行け！\n\nin conjunction with a noun is common.\n\n(As @naruto mentioned you can string this together like in English. You don't\nneed to specify who at this point as it can be contextually obvious.)\n\nAn example of this in use would be in Pokemon, where Satoshi (\"Ash\") will say\n\n> 行け！ ピカチュウ！ (\"Go, Pikachu!\")\n\nYou can use 頑張れ for many other situations, however. (e.g. 面接頑張れ！ but the\nmeaning would totally change into a rather shocking phrase if you were to say\n面接行け！)\n\n> ファイト\n>\n> 頑張れ\n>\n> 行け\n\nfor most purposes for cheering someone on (well, 励ましの言葉) are pretty similar,\nbut depending on your use case you may want to pay attention to what types of\npeople use them in what situations and see if that fits.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T07:41:32.057",
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| 43315 | 43316 | 43316 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "> はーあほらし なんか **イイ具合に** 緊張したのにさ まったく俺らなんで付き合い続いてんだろうな 正反対なのに\n\n(since it's from a manga, I put spaces to indicate separated balloons)\n\nContext: two friends have just had a discussion (as they often do) before a\ndecisive battle against their enemies. One said that he will stop his friend\nif he tries to kill people during the battle.\n[Here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6liXM.jpg) you can see the pages in question\n(the sentence with 具合に is at the beginning of the second page).\n\nI found on a dictionary that よい具合に means 'fortunately', but it doesn't make\nsense to me in this case. Even if I translate it as \"in a nice way\", I still\ndon't get the meaning. Could it be that the sentence is not connected to the\nnext one (まったく俺ら...), so I'm not getting the right meaning? My attempt:\n\n> It's ridiculous. Even though we are tense in a nice way(?) and we are the\n> exact opposite, why do we continue to be friends?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-09T03:11:31.107",
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"id": "43317",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"syntax",
"manga"
],
"title": "Meaning of いい具合に in this sentence",
"view_count": 440
} | [
{
"body": "**Edit: The OP has provided additional information which has changed my\nanswer. What you see now is the new answer. Old answer is further below for\nreference.**\n\nThank you for providing additional information. With more context, the\ntranslation changes a bit.\n\nNote that the conversation in the first page (on the right side) indicates\nthat there was a tension-breaking moment between the two, where the man in the\nblack coat (hereinafter Black Coat) said to the man in the white coat\n(hereinafter White Coat) \"That's fine, you do what you think is right, and\nI'll do what I believe is right.\" Then you can see at the last cut in the\nfirst page that White Coat has relaxed considerably, and is now playfully\nbasically saying \"Dude, you say that now but don't go getting all pissed off\nand telling me to get out of your way later, aight?\"\n\nRight afterwards is where the conversation you quoted in your original\nquestion takes place. Here, White Coat is playfully lamenting the fact that he\nno longer feels as tense as he did moments before, which is kind of\nunfortunate because he was just at the right place where he wasn't overly\nnervous but he was in high gear and ready to go kick some ass, and also\nlaments about the fact they are still friend despite being polar opposites,\nwhich he obviously doesn't actually mind.\n\nWhite Coat's monologue there roughly translates to \"Man, I feel so stupid now\n(Because he was all worked up, but now the tension's gone). I was in a good\nplace, too (He was in high gear and ready to kick some ass). \" Then he thinks\nto himself, 'But that's fine.' Then he says, \"Dude… Why are we still even\nfriends, anyway? We're like polar opposites. You know what, never mind,\nwhatever. Let's go have a XXXX (An after-party, maybe? I couldn't see the\n漢字here, resolution was too low)\" The dialogue that follows is evidence that\nthey are no longer feeling tense, since they are discussing going to McDonalds\nafter \"cleaning up\" aka kicking ass. Note that 「まったく」 in this case is a\ncomment on its own and not a part of another sentence, an expression of\nlamentation like \"Man…\" \"Dude…\".\n\n* * *\n\n**Old Answer:**\n\nTo be more accurate, 「具合」 in itself merely refers to a condition or state of\nbeing. 「いい具合」 can be translated as being convenient, lucky, healthy or happy\ndepending on the context, but what it literally means is \"a good condition\" or\n\"a good state of being\". So let's try and apply this to your specific\nsituation.\n\n\"(I was) nervous in a good state of being/condition\"? Somewhat awkward, but\nyou can get a grasp of what they are trying to say. \"(I was) nervous, but in a\ngood way.\"That person was nervous, but not in the nerve-racking, anxiety\ninducing kind of way, but in a more positive way, such as waiting to see what\ngift your rich grandparents bought you for your birthday.\n\nFrom the conversation you provided, it sounds as if the two were anticipating\nsomething good happening, but unfortunately it did not pan out and now they\nare playfully taking jabs at each other for it (\"Dude, why are we still even\nfriends?\") in a way that only close friends can do.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T05:37:03.223",
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"body": "I'm not sure the context but I could draw a mental picture as the following.\n\nThey are friends. They often have discussion or quarrel with each other. They\nhave quite different characters but warm to each other.\n\nIf they have huge fight, they might part company with each other for ever.\nHowever, they can't go that far. \"いい具合に緊張した\" have such nuance. \"いい具合に = not\ntoo much not too little.\"\n\n\"いい具合に緊張した\" is a rhetorical expression. We never use this kind of rhetorical\nexpression daily.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T09:29:27.193",
"id": "43332",
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{
"body": "I doubt this いい具合 refers to the strength of their tension. I would say this\nいい具合に means something like \"in a way that is favorable/convenient to me\". I\ndon't know if there are [sentence\nadverbs](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/sentence-adverbs) also in\nJapanese, but this いい具合に here is semantically closer to \"to my joy,\"\n\"thankfully,\" \"luckily,\" etc. いい感じに also has a similar usage. Such a usage of\nいい具合に/いい感じに is fairly slangy.\n\nJudging from the context, the guy in the manga seems to have said いい具合 because\nhe thought what happened before this scene that made him nervous (a serious\ndiscussion?) was a good chance to build a better relationship between the\nother guy.\n\nExamples:\n\n> * いい具合にいなくなってくれた。 \n> Luckily they disappeared. / They disappeared at a convenient time (to me).\n> * (while playing a video game) よし、いい感じに死んだ。 \n> [The enemy] died (and that made me happy).\n>",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T10:21:45.130",
"id": "43335",
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{
"body": "I think fortunately is not a good translation of よい具合に in this case.\n\n具合 means \"condition\", so \"in good condition\" would be more direct translation.\n\nWell, it can sometimes mean like \"fortunately\" when the condition is made\naccidentally. For example, よい具合に彼に出くわした。 (Fortunately, I bumped into him.)\n\nAnd, it can also mean nicely or \"not too much not too less.\" For example,\nよい具合に焼きあがる。 (It is grilled nicely.) 風呂加減がよい具合だ。(The bath is not too hot not\ntoo tepid.)\n\nIn this case, it also means \"in good condition\", but good in a sense \"to make\nsomething happen.\"\n\nSo, in this case, イイ具合に緊張した implies \"The relation was strained. It was in\n'good/perfect' condition to make them fight or break up.\"\n\n> はーあほらし\n\nWhat we were doing was ridiculous.\n\n> なんかイイ具合に緊張したのにさ\n\nEven though we have been tense (enough to break up), but we haven't.\n\n> まったく俺らなんで付き合い続いてんだろうな\n\nI wonder why we continue to be friends?\n\n> 正反対なのに\n\neven though we are the exact opposite.",
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| 43317 | null | 43335 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43319",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What I came up with is 私はアメリカに留学してる or \"I study abroad in America\", which is\nprobably the safest option. However, can I express the same without using 留学\nexplicitly?\n\n私は米国で勉強します \"I study in the US\" sounds very strange to me. What about\n私は米国の大学へ進学した \"I entered a university in the US\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-09T03:19:11.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43318",
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"owner_user_id": "19346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How do I really say \"I study in the United States\"?",
"view_count": 370
} | [
{
"body": "How about アメリカの大学で勉強しています. I suggest it",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 43318 | 43319 | 43319 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43325",
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"body": "I heard announcements (at the station in Tokyo):\n\n> この電車は桜木町行きです / \n> この電車は桜木町へ行きです\n\n(not sure, did I hear correctly?)\n\nEnglish version of the above:\n\n> This train is bound for Sakuragichō.\n\nSo, I am asserting that we can use `verb stem + desu`. Is my assertion\ncorrect? Please explain.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-09T05:37:07.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43324",
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"owner_user_id": "16171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Is it correct to use verb stem + desu?",
"view_count": 583
} | [
{
"body": "No.\n\nIn your example, that 「行き」 is actually a nounified(名詞化) version of the verb\nstem of「行く」.\n\n「桜木町行き」 translates to \"One that goes to Sakuragichou\" or \"Sakuragichou-bound\".\n\nThe 「です」 is not required for the nounification. That applies for any other\ninstance of verb-stem nounification. (i.e. うそなき- fake crying, すなあそび- sand\nplay)",
"comment_count": 0,
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{
"body": "This 行き isn't verb stem but a noun. Verb stem + desu is incorrect because a\nnoun or attributive form of verbs and adjectives + の are placed before です.\n\n連用形(continuous form) of verbs often become a noun.\n\nIn addition, この電車は桜木町へ行きです is unnatural but この電車は桜木町へ行きます is natural.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T05:55:06.097",
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| 43324 | 43325 | 43325 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43337",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have a younger friend that I want to use these kind of expressions with, but\ndon't know how to say it in Japanese. I want them to do their best and not\nhave people take advantage of them. I feel they might be the kind of person,\nthat would take negative things from other people to their detriment. So, I\nwant to say something like, you have to stand up for yourself sometimes. If\nyou don't people will take advantage of you. Any ideas?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T07:01:31.767",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to say ,\"Stand up for yourself\" and \"take advantage of\"",
"view_count": 1033
} | [
{
"body": "The direct and harsh translation of \"Don't take advantage of someone! Stand up\nfor yourseld\" is \"人に頼るな! 自分でやれ！\" I'm not sure the situation, but I believe you\ndon't want to fail at the relationship. So \"人に頼らないで、自分でやってみよう！\" shoule be more\nappropriate.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T08:58:05.250",
"id": "43331",
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"body": "> You have to stand up for yourself sometimes. If you don't, people will take\n> advantage of you.\n>\n> You should stand up for yourself and not have people take advantage of you.\n\nHow about...\n\n「（ときには）[自己主張]{じこしゅちょう}しなくちゃいけないよ。そうでないと、人につけこまれるから。」\n\n「自分の[意見]{いけん}ははっきり言わないといけないよ。そうしないと、[足下]{あしもと}を見られるよ。」\n\nor maybe...\n\n「[黙]{だま}っていちゃだめだよ。でないと、つけこまれるだけだよ。」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T11:28:38.363",
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"body": "I suggest\n\nDon't let anyone take advantage of you, stand up yourself, u can do it:\n他の人に優しさを利用させないで。自分で立ち上がれ、あなたの力を信じる。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-10T05:36:53.937",
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| 43327 | 43337 | 43337 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43333",
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"body": "When I travelled Japan I always started off talking to Japanese people with\nthe following sentence:\n\n> すいません、私の日本語は下手です。。。\n\nThis would always get the typical \"oh\" and nodding heads in answer and then\nthey would start to blabber in their normal speed and difficulty. Of course\nabsolutely incomprehensible to me as a Japanese language beginner.\n\nAs it seems a typical construct (maybe as a form of politeness) to have little\nexcusing introductions in Japanese. I thought it might be so custom to a\nJapanese person. That they just \"overhear\" what I'm actually saying and just\nlisten to the fact that I'm talking Japanese. Maybe similar to \"sorry for\ninterrupting...\".\n\nAnyway, what do you think is a good way to actually make clear to a Japanese\nperson. That you really can't speak Japanese well and they have to talk slowly\nand in simple sentences?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-09T07:37:04.057",
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"score": -1,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese",
"greetings"
],
"title": "how to make clear that your japanese is bad?",
"view_count": 1812
} | [
{
"body": "> You: すいません、私の日本語は下手です… \n> 相手の日本人: えっ？ちゃんと喋{しゃべ}れるじゃないですか。それで十分ですよ。\n\nIf you can't follow the full sentence, say the sentence to the point where you\ncan understand following \"なんですか？\" with a troubled face.\n\n> You: ちゃんと (pause) なんですか？\n\nThen the Japanese can understand your hearing ability, and say slowly again\n\n> ちゃんと 喋れる じゃ ないですか\n\nOr at the beginning you can say\n\n> すみません、私の日本語は下手です。ゆっくり話してくれませんか？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "すいません、私の日本語は下手です perfectly makes sense as a Japanese sentence, but I doubt it\nworks as you expect. What you say is not really important for native speakers\nto judge your level of Japanese. Even if you don't say this, people can\nunderstand your level of Japanese after they listen to one sentence or two\nfrom you. As already pointed out, if you said this really fluently, it would\ncertainly lead to an adverse effect. If they still speak too fast after\nlistening to your question, that's their fault, not yours.\n\nSo I recommend that you get straight to business after saying すみません. If you\nhave missed something, just ask. Saying ゆっくりお願いします (\"slowly, please\") or even\nゆっくり (\"slow!\") should help.",
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| 43328 | 43333 | 43333 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43342",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to know if this is even near to being correct. Basically I'm making a\nquestion to people who like pizza despite not knowing much about it. (You can\nreplace pizza with anything)\n\n> あまり知らない人、 あなた達に質問があります: 何故はピザが好きですか。\n\nI assumed to used \"達\" since it's a plural suffix. \"あまり知らない人\" is how this group\nof people label themselves. The question sentence I used, specially the\nstructure, is the first that i could thinked of.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"syntax",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Asking a group of people about something",
"view_count": 260
} | [
{
"body": "Your sentence is unnatural. When we speak to strangers, we usually omit the\npronoun and say すいません or ちょっといいですか, etc.\n\nI correct your sentence as すいません、ちょっと質問してもいいですか? (あなた方は)何故ピザが好きなんですか?\n\nHowever they obviously seem to be younger than you, you can use 君たち or あなたたち\nlike 君たち(あなたたち), ちょっと質問してもいいかな? 君たち(あなたたち)は何故ピザが好きなの?",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 43340 | 43342 | 43342 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43346",
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"body": "This is the first sentence of the\n[article](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010868241000/k10010868241000.html):\n\n> ヨーロッパでは日本料理の人気が高くて、だしを作るためのかつお節を使う **量** も増えています \n> Japanese cuisine is popular in Europe and the **amount** using katsuobushi\n> to make dashi is increasing.\n\n**Amount** of what? Is 量 referring to the number countries in Europe that use\nkatsuobushi? The number of people in Europe that use it? Or have I totally\nmis-parsed it?\n\nMy other thought was that だしを作るための might modify 量 rather than かつお節. So we have\nだしを作るための量も増えています \"The amount (of katsuobushi) for making dashi is increasing\",\nand かつお節を使う量も増えています. I couldn't make much sense out of this part so I\ndiscounted it.\n\nIs there any difference if I say:\n\n> だしを作るため **に** かつお節を使う量も増えています\n\nso that だしを作るために adverbially modifies 使う?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T16:27:00.903",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What is 量 referring to in this sentence?",
"view_count": 141
} | [
{
"body": "Due to grammatical constraints 「かつお節を使う 」 is modifying 「量」 and 「だしを作るための」is\nmodifying 「かつお節」.\n\nGrammatically it forces the literal meaning \"the amount of katsuo used to make\ndashi is also increasing due to the popularity of Japanese cooking in Europe\",\nwhich is ambiguous.\n\nSemantically, we can rule out the meaning that the katou/dashi ratio used in\ncooking is increasing.\n\nGrammatically, it cannot mean that making dashi is another reason why the use\nof katsuo is increasing. However 「だしを作るために、かつお節を使う量も増えています。」could have that\nmeaning.\n\nWe are forced to the logical conclusion that \"the amount of katsuo used to\nmake dashi\" has already been mentioned earlier in the conversation, and that\nthe popularity of Japanese cooking in Europe\" is another reason for its\nincreasing use.\n\nNote: It is easier to translate if we look at\n\n * 「かつお節を使う量」\n\nas the atomic semantic unit to translate and don't try to match the grammar\nwithin. Then we get something like:\n\n * \"katsuo usage\" or \"katuo use\" or \"use of katsuo\"\n\nwithout even using the English word \"amount\".",
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"body": "だしを作るためのかつお節を使う量 is \"how much [European people] consume _katsuobushi_ for\nmaking _dashi_.\" So this 量 refers to the amount of かつお節.\n\nConsider the following \"original\" Japanese sentence:\n\n> ヨーロッパの人々はだしを作るためのかつお節を **{たくさん|100グラム}** 使う。 \n> European people consume {a lot of | 100 g of} _katsuobushi_ for making\n> _dashi_.\n\nNote that the amount is [expressed\n_adverbially_](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/42184/5010) as usual in\nJapanese. だしを作るための modifies かつお節, not 量. Let's omit the obvious subject:\n\n> だしを作るためのかつお節を **{たくさん|100グラム}** 使う。\n\nReplace the bold part with 量 and pull it out to the end to form a relative\nclause:\n\n> だしを作るためのかつお節を使う量 …①\n\n* * *\n\nYou can express the same thing using the passive voice. Starting from this\nsentence:\n\n> （ヨーロッパでは、）だしを作るためのかつお節がたくさん使われる。 \n> (In Europe,) a lot of _katsuobushi_ for making _dashi_ is consumed.\n\nBy pulling out the たくさん part, you get this noun phrase:\n\n> だしを作るためのかつお節が使われる量 …② \n> how much _katsuobushi_ for making _dashi_ is consumed\n\nThe noun phrases ① and ② say the same thing. The only difference is that ① is\nactive and ② is passive.\n\n* * *\n\nHere are some similar examples of [\"adverbial-head\" relative\nclauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39551/5010):\n\n> * 13時に昼食を食べた。 I ate lunch at 13. \n> → 昼食を食べた時間 the time when I ate lunch\n> * 東京でその映画を見た。 I watched the movie in Tokyo. \n> → その映画を見た場所 the place where I watched the movie\n>\n\nObviously you don't eat 時間.\n\n* * *\n\nLastly, in this example, you can change だしを作るための (modifying the following\nnoun) to だしを作るために (modifying the following verb) without altering the meaning\nof the sentence.",
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| 43341 | 43346 | 43346 |
{
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"body": "As far as I can tell, both mean foolish. Checking a dictionary, 愚かしい is\ndefined as 愚かである。ばかげている。which does not help very much. Is there truly no real\ndifference?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-09T18:19:54.950",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "The difference between 愚かな and 愚かしい",
"view_count": 425
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{
"body": "The two words are similar in meaning and usage. However, two significant\ndifferences stand out.\n\n 1. 愚{おろ}かしい is much less commonly used than 愚{おろ}かな.\n\n 2. 愚かしい is virtually never used to refer to people, whereas 愚かな certainly can.",
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"body": "愚か（だ） describes the _quality_ of \"absent of wiseness\", while 愚かしい, as with\n[many i-adjectives that end in\n-しい](http://dict4lyrics.from.tv/?q=%E3%81%97%E3%81%84&t=1), indicates a kind\nof _mental perception_ such as sense, emotion or impression. In this sense,\n愚かしい is actually telling \"felt unwise\" or \"as if the unwise do\", which is\ninterestingly close to English approach to say _foolish_ that is _fool_ +\n_-ish_.\n\nThus you can say these two has slightly different connotation when both are\nusable:\n\n> 戦争の愚かさ \n> (emphasizes how nonsense of (people to do) wars)\n>\n> 戦争の愚かしさ \n> (emphasizes how (people doing) wars look irrational)\n\nAnd it's not totally impossible to find some examples only either one sounds\nvalid:\n\n> ○ 愚かな人間には理解できない _foolish humans will not understand_ \n> × 愚かしい人間には理解できない\n\nThe latter is unacceptable because 愚かしい does not imply inherent, permanent\ncharacter of foolishness.",
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| 43345 | null | 43378 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43353",
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"body": "From [this\narticle](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010868241000/k10010868241000.html)\n(for those keeping up it's the same as my previous question):\n\n> 水産庁は、これから、この工場からＥＵの国にかつお節を輸出してもいい **と認める** 予定です After this the fisheries\n> agency are planning to _accept that_ it's okay to export katsuobushi to EU\n> countries from this factory.\n\nI'm struggling with the meaning of the verb 認める and I can't work out whether と\nis quotative or conditional.\n\nReading the whole article I couldn't work out if 水産庁 was making the decision\nthat it was okay to export the fish or whether the use of 認める somehow\nsuggested that they were checking with an EU authority.",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Meaning of 認める and how to use it",
"view_count": 583
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{
"body": "「認{みと}める」 here means \" **to permit** \", \" **to allow** \", etc. and nothing\nelse. 「許可{きょか}する」 would be the synonym.\n\n「と」 in front of it indicates the result of an action or state. 「輸出{ゆしゅつ}してもいい」\nis the result or the final decision (of the **_implied_** series of\ndiscussions and research).\n\nSo, the Fisheries Agency (after all the implied preparations) is now scheduled\nto allow the export of katsuobushi from this factory to EU.\n\nThis 「と」 could **not** be labeled either as quotative or conditional.\n\nYou mentioned \"to check with\" as a possible meaning of 「認める」, but it could not\nmean that in any context. You may have been thinking of 「確認{かくにん}する」, which\nmeans exactly \"to check with\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "> 水産庁は、これから、この工場からＥＵの国にかつお節を輸出してもいいと認める予定です。 \n> 水産庁は、xxxを（xxxと）認める予定です。= The fisheries agency is going to approve xxx.\n\nThe fisheries agency is an administrative institution, so most appropriate\nEnglish word \"認める\" here is \"approve.\"\n\n> \"かつお節の輸出 を 認める（認可{にんか}する）\" = \"approve the export of Katuobushi\"\n\n\"ｘｘｘを認める（認可する）,\" ｘｘｘ is a nominal phrase.\n\n> \"かつお節を輸出してもいい と 認める（認可する）\" = \"approve that the production companies export\n> Katuobushi\"\n\n\"ｘｘｘと認める（認可する）,\" ｘｘｘ is a sentence.",
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| 43347 | 43353 | 43353 |
{
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"body": "On one self-teaching site, I learned to say \"to not like\" in a format like\nthis: いぬはすきじゃりません。But in a self-teaching _book_ it said to format it like\nthis: いぬはすきではありません。I know there are many different ways to say everything in\nJapanese, but I just want to make sure that both of these are correct! What's\nthe difference between the two? Is one more formal than the other? Are there\ncertain situations in which one is more appropriate than the other?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Different ways to say to like?",
"view_count": 441
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{
"body": "じゃ is simply a contraction of では, so these sentences are equivalent and\ncorrect. じゃ is slightly more familiar/informal than では, but not necessarily\nrude or anything. You could probably functionally compare it to `can't` vs.\n`cannot`.",
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"id": "43351",
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{
"body": "> 犬{いぬ}は好{す}きじゃない。\n\nis a casual colloquial expression.\n\n> 犬{いぬ}は好{す}きじゃありません。\n\nis also a casual colloquial expression, even a little bit polite.\n\nYou can say and write the expression with \"じゃ\" in your e-mail to your friends\nand family members.\n\n> 犬{いぬ}は好{す}きではありません。\n\nis a polite expression.\n\nAnyway conversation topics of \"likes-dislikes\" are personal affirs, so you\nhave many occasions to say \"ｘｘｘは好きじゃない（=好きじゃありません）\" with your friends.\n\n> example: \"納豆は食べられるけど、好きじゃないね\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T02:48:52.070",
"id": "43365",
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"score": 1
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]
| 43349 | 43365 | 43351 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43370",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that kanjis can have many readings. But I thought compounds\n(combinations) had only one meaning. For what I've read in the board, a\ncompound can have different readings for different meanings. But can a\ncompound with different readings have the same meaning?\n\nFor example the word 今日 . Pages and browser extensions give me 3 different\npronunciations for it きょう, こんにち , こんじつ . Now what does it mean? Does it mean\nthat when the compound it's alone it has only one pronunciation and that when\nit's combined with other kanjis get different pronunciations (for example 今日中に\n= きょうじゅうに pronounced \"kyou\" , 今日的 = こんにちてき pronounced \"kon\", or does it mean\nthat when the compound 今日 = today is alone can also be pronounced in 3\ndifferent ways? ( きょう, こんにち , こんじつ )\n\nAlso, (and I dont know if I should open another question for this) why when I\nlook for the readings of 今 and 日 they only have the コン、キン、いま and ニチ、ジツ、ひ、か\nreadings respectively, but when combined they get a reading きょうthat you can't\ncreate by adding the individual kanji readings ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-09T20:24:03.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43350",
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"compounds",
"multiple-readings",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "can the same compound have different readings when having the same meaning?",
"view_count": 363
} | [
{
"body": "Can the same compound have different readings when having the same meaning?\n\nYes!\n\nThere are two ways of reading Kanji. One is \"訓読み\" the Japanese reading of a\nChinese character(Kanji) and the other is \"音読み\" the Chinese reading of a\nChinese character(Kanji).\n\nJapanese feel \"訓読み\" as soft expressions and \"音読み\" as a little bit hard\nexpressions.\n\nNot just feelings but the meanings are different. For example,\n\n> OK: 今日{きょう}は雨だ。 \n> NG: 今日{こんにち}は雨だ。\n>\n> NG: 今日{きょう}、海外生産が当たり前になっている。Nowadays overseas production is prevailing. \n> OK: 今日{こんにち}、海外生産が当たり前になっている。Nowadays overseas production is prevailing.\n\nWe can see the use of 今日{こんにち} in the editorial article of a news paper.\n\n今日{きょう} is 訓読み and we often use it.\n\n> OK: 今日{きょう}は天気がいいから、牧場{ぼくじょう}に行こう！ \n> NG: 今日{きょう}は天気がいいから、牧場{まきば}に行こう！\n\nI'm not sure which is 訓読み or 音読み with 牧場{ぼくじょう} and 牧場{まきば}, but we use\n牧場{ぼくじょう} daily. I can see the use of 牧場{まきば} in a lyrics.\n\nIt's somewhat confusing but \"牧場{ぼくじょう}\" and \"牧場{まきば}\" have the same meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T03:46:44.563",
"id": "43370",
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"parent_id": "43350",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 43350 | 43370 | 43370 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43361",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Wikipedia [says](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji):\n\n> [The jinmeiyō kanji] are a supplementary list of characters that can legally\n> be used in registered personal names in Japan, despite not being in the\n> official list of \"commonly used characters\" (jōyō kanji).\n\nIs this to say it's actually illegal to use [hyōgai\nkanji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgai_kanji) for names?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-09T21:35:28.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43352",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T01:55:51.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Is it permitted to use kanji beyond the jinmeiyō kanji for names?",
"view_count": 2617
} | [
{
"body": "It is not permitted to use kanji outside of the permitted lists for registry\nof names in the family registry\n([[戸籍]{こせき}](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Koseki)); that is to say, your legal\nname in Japan must be written with characters from the approved lists or kana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-09T23:53:22.393",
"id": "43355",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Strictly speaking, it's still legal to use hyogai kanji in a person name if:\n\n 1. You already have a kanji name that existed before the relevant law took effect. Actually there are still great many young native Japanese people who have hyogai kanji as part of their official family names (take 草彅剛 and 澤穂希 for instance). People who were born in Japan before 1951 may have given names with very rare hyogai kanji, too.\n 2. You are from another country that uses kanji (e.g., China) and have applied to be naturalized as a new Japanese citizen. If you have a hyogai kanji as part of your family name, that kanji can be legally registered. For example 崔 is a relatively common Chinese family name but it's still not in the jinmeiyo/joyo kanji list.\n\nSee Also: [Use of 旧字体 in Japanese\nnames](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30507/5010)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T01:49:49.420",
"id": "43361",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "43352",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 43352 | 43361 | 43361 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43360",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to say (as a caption to a picture \"are these sake and strawberry\nflavored Kit Kats? Yes, they are!\" The picture has two small Kit Kats, one of\neach flavor, if that matters.\n\nI've come up with 「これは日本酒とイチゴ風味のキットカットですか。はい！」\n\nThe \"sake and strawberry flavored Kit Kat\" is mostly a literal translation\nfrom English, so I'm fairly sure I'm missing some nuances there. It seems like\nthere's also a few different ways to say flavor, so I picked one that looked\nlike it fit best from Jisho.org.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-09T23:52:38.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43354",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T01:33:35.610",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Are these sake and strawberry flavored Kit Kats?",
"view_count": 86
} | [
{
"body": "The following is the perfect translation. I'm afraid but there is no senistive\nnuance about the sentence.\n\n\"Are these sake and strawberry flavored Kit Kats? Yes, they are!\" =\n「これは日本酒とイチゴ風味のキットカットですか。はいそうです！」\n\nBy the way, there are two types of flavored Kit Kats. One is sake flavored\none, and the other is strawberry flavored one. There is no mixed sake and\nstrawberry flavored one.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T01:23:02.297",
"id": "43356",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "「日本酒風味にイチゴ風味のキットカット！？」「そうよ！」 sounds more natural, if you use this phrase as a\ncaption to a picture.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T01:33:35.610",
"id": "43360",
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"owner_user_id": "18949",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 43354 | 43360 | 43356 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43362",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I heard announcements in the train (Hibiya Line):\n\n```\n\n この電車は六本木 ホーム (or ホーメ not sure) 中目黒行きです。 \n \n```\n\nThe English version of the above:\n\n```\n\n This train is bound for Nakameguro via Roppongi. \n \n```\n\nSo, does ホーム (or ホーメ) mean \"via\" here? \nAnd why is ホーム used here instead of using Japanese word to mean \"via\" or\n\"through\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T01:23:05.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43357",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T12:03:28.797",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-10T12:03:28.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "16171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What does ホーム mean and why is it written in Katakana?",
"view_count": 1428
} | [
{
"body": "”ホーム\" comes from \"platform.\" Generally there are inbound and outbound\nplatform. In Roppongi station you can have outbound train service as \"bound\nfor Nakameguro.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T01:33:03.217",
"id": "43359",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T01:33:03.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I assume you are taking the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line.\n\nWhat you are actually hearing is 「この電車は六本木方面、中目黒行きです。」\n\nGoogle this phrase, and you can find youtube videos of the announcement\nuploaded by train enthusiasts.\n\n「方面(ほうめん)」, pronounced \"ho-men\", means \"direction\". So, the train pulling in\nto the station moves in the Roppongi direction and is Nakameguro bound (as\nopposed to the 北千住方面, or Kitasenju direction, which would take you in the\nopposite direction).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T01:55:40.760",
"id": "43362",
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"owner_user_id": "18608",
"parent_id": "43357",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 43357 | 43362 | 43362 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Genki (second edition) gives the following example sentences using たくさん, but\ndoesn't explain any distinction regarding word order:\n\n私は京都で {写真を **たくさん** / **たくさん** 写真を} 撮りました。 I took many pictures in Kyoto.\n\nand\n\n{野菜を **たくさん** / **たくさん** 野菜を} たべました。I ate a lot of vegetables.\n\nHow does the word order affect the meaning of the sentences? Here is my best\nguess at understanding the distinction. For the first sentence, 写真を撮る\nnaturally imply each other, so there is probably less distinction, but\nたくさん写真を撮る implies a large number of pictures, whereas たくさん撮る implies a lot of\ntime or effort put into the act of photography.\n\nHowever, たくさん食べました implies that you ate a lot, whereas たくさん野菜を食べました means that\nyou ate a significant quantity of vegetables.\n\nThus, I take it たくさん can emphasize a lot of an action, or a large amount of a\nsubject. But I take it that since it is an adverb, is not really modifying the\nsubject, but the predicate clause.\n\nPossibly related question:\n\n[How do adverbs denoting amounts such as たくさん and ちょっと\nwork?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28950/how-do-adverbs-\ndenoting-amounts-such-\nas-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8F%E3%81%95%E3%82%93-and-%E3%81%A1%E3%82%87%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8-work/29007#29007)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T02:17:48.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43364",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-11T01:36:53.520",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-11T01:36:53.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12372",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"adverbs",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Word order and emphasis with たくさん",
"view_count": 1760
} | [
{
"body": "たくさん functions most commonly as an adverb and as a の-adjective. Meaning you'll\nsee it either directly in front of a verb:\n\n冷蔵庫に野菜がたくさんあります。(There are lots of veggies in the fridge)\n\nOr, in front of a noun, but with the particle の attached:\n\n冷蔵庫にはたくさんの野菜があります。(Same meaning as above)\n\nHowever, you will never see たくさん next to a noun minus the の particle. You may\nhear spoken Japanese where the particle is omitted, but as with a lot of\nspoken language, it would not be grammatically correct. As far as I can tell,\nthe meanings in most cases will essentially be interchangeable, it just\ndepends on whether you want たくさん to function as an adjective or an adverb.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T02:54:39.870",
"id": "43366",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T02:54:39.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "The word order is not important in your examples. たくさん works as an adverb,\nwhich means it modifies the following verb (撮りました/食べました) anyway, even though\nthere is another in-between object (noun). Both word orders are common and\nnatural, and both sentences literally say \"took/ate a lot\" rather than \"many\npictures / a lot of vegetable.\"\n\nYou can say たくさん **の** 写真を撮りました, too. This たくさん **の** is an adjectival phrase,\nand it must be placed before 写真. See: [たくさんの本を読んで versus\n本をたくさん読んで](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27483/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T02:55:36.853",
"id": "43367",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T02:55:36.853",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
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},
{
"body": "In the sentence \"写真をたくさん撮りました,\" \"たくさん\" is an adverb modifying the verb of\n\"撮りました\"\n\nIn the sentence \"たくさん（の）写真を撮りました,\" \"たくさん（の）\" is an adjective modifying the\nnoun of \"写真\"\n\nThese Japanese expressions are different, but the descrived situaion is the\nsame. I don't feel even the nuance difference between the two.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T03:06:39.680",
"id": "43368",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T03:06:39.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19219",
"parent_id": "43364",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 43364 | null | 43367 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "how do you say \"Refugees are humans too\" in Japanese\n\nWould it be なんみんも にんげんです。\n\n_(My Kanji is quite limited, so that's why I've written it in Hiragana)_",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T03:30:52.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43369",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T04:01:31.683",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18922",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"phrases"
],
"title": "how do you say \"Refugees are humans too\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "You are correct. You can say:\n\n「なんみんもにんげん（だ/です/である）。」 or\n\n「なんみんも **また** にんげん（だ/です/である）。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T04:01:31.683",
"id": "43371",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T04:01:31.683",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 3
}
]
| 43369 | null | 43371 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43375",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Announcement in the train:\n\n```\n\n この電車は京浜東北線各駅停車(or 電車 not sure)、大宮行きです。 \n \n```\n\nAnd Sometimes ふつう(普通) is used instead of かくえき(各駅). \nWhat is the difference in meaning and usage and when one should be preferred\nover other?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T06:21:19.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43374",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T06:44:22.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between かくえき(各駅) and ふつう(普通)",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "Most of the time, they are the same, but there is sometimes a difference.\n\n普通 = normal \n各駅 = every stations\n\nThey are both \"no extra charge\" trains. Compared to 特急 which stops only at big\nstations and charge extra for getting to your destination faster.\n\n各駅 will obviously stop at every single station. But 普通 might not stop at very\nsmall stations which usually don't have their own platforms.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T06:44:22.607",
"id": "43375",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T06:44:22.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "43374",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 43374 | 43375 | 43375 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43383",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I read [日本語の助詞(情報構造）](http://ibunka.xsrv.jp/archives/606) and from what I\nunderstand it says:\n\nWhat comes before は is old information and after it it's new information.\n(This makes sense to me).\n\nWhat comes before が is new information (this makes sense to me) and after it\nit's old information (This does not make sense to me though).\n\nSo I tought of a conversation in my head.\n\nMy parents call me at the cellphone while I am in a bar with some friends.\n\nParents:お祖母さんは死んだ。\n\nMy friends ask me what's wrong and I answer: お祖母さんが死んだ。\n\nI am not sure if this is correct to be honest, but this is how I think it\nwould go. \nMy reasoning is that me and my parents already have a mental referent for\nお祖母さん and we assume she existed, therefore old information は. My friends do\nnot know that I have a お婆さん so she is new information therefore が, but the\nfact that she died is new information too.\n\nSo from what I understand since は is the only old information what comes is\nall new information right?\n\nAlso by reading:\n\n> 話題は「話者が区別し、それについての情報をコメントとして与える対象」である\n\nIt makes sense that you separate the old info from the rest and you add new\ninfo.\n\nCan someone explain to me if I am wrong? From what I understand the only old\ninformation is marked by は (and も), while the new information is marked by all\nthe other particles (がをにで and も included).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-10T08:22:35.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43377",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-10T16:17:10.443",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-10T16:17:10.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "11352",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"は-and-が"
],
"title": "は、が、を、に and information structure of Japanese Question",
"view_count": 1063
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{
"body": "Whether some information is new or not is certainly one of the most important\ncriteria, but that's not the only thing that determines which to use.\n\nIn this case, both your parents and you must say お婆さん **が** 死んだ even though\nyou know her well. See:\n\n * [Can someone explain me the use of は and が in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43213/5010)\n\n> When you describe or report information which is newly discovered by\n> perception that doesn't include assumption or judgement, Japanese grammar\n> requires you to express it as a sentence whose elements are not topicalized,\n> in short, without adding particles like は.\n\n * [Why does 「電話は切れた」 sound more adversarial than 「電話が切れた」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38639/5010)\n * [What's the difference between wa (は) and ga (が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010)\n\n> Any が can be an exhaustive-listing が, but neutral description only works\n> with action verbs, existential verbs, and adjectives/nominal adjectives that\n> represent state change. \"Sentences of neutral description present an\n> objectively observable action, existence, or temporary state as a new\n> event.\"\n\nAfter saying this, you may add something like 「うちのお婆さん **は** 3年前から病気だった」「お婆さん\n**は** 昨日まで元気だったのに…」 because these are not new events that just happened.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"body": "Generally, the usage “は” and “が” depends on where you focus on.\n\n* * *\n\nIf you focus on your grandma, it’s natural to use “おばあさんは・・・.”\n\nYou don’t know how grandma is, whether she is alive or dead.\n\n> ”おばあさんはどうしていますか？ How are grandma?” \n> “おばあさんは死にました。 Grandma has gone.”\n\nIn this context, “おばあさんが死にました” is unnatural.\n\n* * *\n\nIf you focus on who, it’s natural to use “,XXXが・・・” \nYou know someone has gone, but don’t know who has gone.\n\n> ”誰が死んだのですか？ Who has gone?” \n> “お婆さんが死にました。Grandma has gone.”\n\nIn this context, “おばあさんは死にました” is unnatural.\n\n* * *\n\nI'm not sure but after you get answer and you are aware of it. It must be old\ninformation. For me, the explanation of usage \"は\" and \"が\" by \"new information\n(before you are aware of it)\" and \"old information (aftre you are aware of\nit)\" is something wrong.",
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| 43377 | 43383 | 43383 |
{
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"body": "Suppose you want to make a literal translation of the phrase (and not adapt it\nto the language to sound natural)\n\n今日は雨だ\n\nHow would you do it? \"Today there is rain\" or \"Today it's rainy\"\n\nMy question (if possible to answer) it is , is the \"da\" verb here which works\nlike \"there is\" or is the \"ame\" noun here which works like the adjetive\n\"rainy\"\n\nUsually I make these questions (which might sound annoying/picky) because I\ntry to have guidelines or rules to understand what is a valid sentence and\nwhat's not in japanese, and what could be exceptions. Otherwise everything\nseems to be a valid sentence. Though I understand that most part of a language\nis learnt by experience and you can't have a rule for everything (even when\nsoftware translators try to but they mess big time sometimes or many times)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How should I interpret the function of these words in this phrase 今日は雨だ。?",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "While the delivery time is just ten o'clock, but your watch tells you past of\nten o'clock, you must say\n\n> もう駄目{だめ}だ。I give up!\n\n\"もう駄目\" has the same meaning but \"もう駄目だ\" is more definitive.\n\n\"今日は雨\" tells just the fact, but \"今日は雨だ\" has more meaning than it. We can\nunderstand the implication from the context.\n\nYou and youf family were planning on going to Disney Resort, but you found it\nwas rain in the morning, you might say \"今日は雨だ\"\n\nAfter a number of days without rain in the summer, it finally begins rain, and\nyou might say \"雨だ！\"\n\nI don't know this kind of English word.\n\nIn some cases \"finally\" can be the English word of \"だ.\"",
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"body": "The key idea is that your sentence has its subject omitted. So it is inferred\nby a listener. Actually 「今日」 is not the subject but the topic specified by 「は」\nhere.\n\nIn the case of 「今日は雨だ」, 「雨」 ( _ame_ ) is close in meaning to \"the rainy\nweather.\" Thus the subject is inferred to be \"the weather (today).\" So the\nmost (and excessively) literal translation would be \" **The weather is the\nrainy one today.** \"\n\nThis kind of implicit subjects is not due to \" _da_ \" nor \" _ame_ ,\" but due\nto the omission of the subject. For example, the same applies to the following\nsentence which does not use \" _da_ \" nor \" _ame_.\"\n\n> 今日は[寒]{さむ}い。 / kyō wa samui. \n> (It's) cold today.",
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{
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"body": "Why does Japanese have so many words with different meanings which have the\nsame pronunciation? For example, there are at least 80 different words which\nare pronounced \"ko\" , at least 45 for \"ka\", at least 48 for \"kyū\" and so on. I\nknow that probably most languages have several different meanings for the same\npronunciation (for example in Spanish we say \"tomar\" for \"to drink\" and \"to\nget\" which aren't even remotely related) or in English they use \"to play\" for\nplaying an instrument or playing a game (which are very different actions in\nmy opinion, and in Spanish we use 2 different words, namely \"tocar\" for an\ninstrument and \"jugar\" for a game), but in Japanese this is taken to a next\nlevel. Is there any particular historic reason or some other kind of reason\nfor this?",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why are there so many different words with the same pronunciation in Japanese?",
"view_count": 7280
} | [
{
"body": "You are talking about Kanji, aren't you? Yes there are \"子\", \"来\", \"小\", \"湖\",etc.\nThey share the same pronunciation \"ko.\" The number of Japanese dairy Kanji is\n2136. The number of Japanese pronunciatons are mainly more than\nfifty.(Precisely more than 100,000.) 50 to 2136 is the reason that there are\nso many words sharing the same pronunciation.\n\nThese Kanji(s) are ideographic characters. Even they share the same\npronumciations, each of them has its own meaning.\n\nEnglish word \"play\" consists of four phonogram words \"p\", \"l\", \"a\" and \"y.\"\n\nJapanese word \"子供{こども}\" consits of \"子{こ}\" and \"供{ども}=people obey their\nparents,\" and means children (of the family). The pronunciation \"kodomo こども\"\nis unique. So each Kanji shares the same pronunciations, but Japanese word\nconsisting of several Kanjis has almost unique pronunciation.\n\nHope this helps.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-10T14:48:19.367",
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"body": "It is because of the influx of Chinese language words. In the original\nChinese, these words with similar consonant+vowel pronunciations were\ndistinguished by \"tones\" superimposed on those pronunciations. However, those\ntones were dropped as the words were imported into Japanese (or dropped as\nthey entered Korean and then came to Japan).\n\nIn Japanese those imported words are called [漢語]{かんご}. The native Japanese\n(including words which may have been introduced from native Korean) are called\n[大和]{やまと}ことば.\n\nYou will notice that Yamato kotoba are not easily confused with each other as\nthat family of closely related non-tonal native languages which eventually\nbecame today's Yamato kotaba just used more syllables to disambiguate when\nnecessary.\n\nA related fact is that written language, which by nature includes more higher\nlevel concepts, which historically are associated with 漢語, tends to be\ndifficult to read without the use of kanji due to their ambiguity when\nrepresented only by phonemes. In Korea, which has dropped Kanji in favor of a\npurely phonetic writing system, reading texts densely packed with 漢語(*) is\nsomewhat difficult, and there is always some talk about re-introducing Kanji.\n\n(* or whatever 漢語 are called in Korean).",
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| 43388 | 43394 | 43394 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43392",
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"body": "How do I say, for example, the following sentence/question: \"To clarify,\nbreakfast is at 7:00am?\"\n\nI know that 明らめる and 明らかにする both have the meaning \"to clarify\". But I do not\nknow if there is a more natural set phrase to use.\n\nAlso, I actually do not know how I would use the vocabulary to translate my\nsentence anyway. As of now, the translation I would do has multiple sentences:\nすみませんですが、少し分からなくて、朝ご飯のことを明らかにして頂けませんか。朝ご飯は午前７時ですね？",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "How to say \"To clarify, ...?\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 2322
} | [
{
"body": "The dictionary definitions 「明{あき}らかにする」 and 「明確{めいかく}にする」 would sound way too\nserious for stating/asking about breakfast times.\n\nThe most natural phrases I could think of right now would be along the lines\nof:\n\nStatement: 「念{ねん}のために言{い}うと、朝食{ちょうしょく}は7時{じ}です。」\n\nQuestion: 「念{ねん}のためにお聞{き}きしますが、朝食は7時です **ね** 。」 Use a rising intonation at the\nend.",
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"body": "EDITED FROM SHOKO'S CORRECTION:\n\nAgreeing with l'électeur; 明らめる and 明らかにする would sound highly unusual in this\ncontext, no matter how formal the situation calls for you to be. I personally\nlearned 明らめる as \"to explain,\" whereas a clarification as you've presented is a\nconfirmation of a fact, not an enlightening explanation as the 明 would\nsuggest. In your example sentence, 朝ご飯のこと also seems a little excessive for\nthe topic, unless breakfast is a serious or complicated affair.\n\nAs FailyFeely commented, 確認する (and also 確かめる, which may remind you of 確かに, or\n\"certainly/surely\") means \"to confirm\" or \"to verify\", so try: **確認したいのですが**\n(or just 確認ですが) **、朝ご飯は午前７時ですね/か？**\n\nUsing rising intonation for 'ね' is the definition of checking for agreement\nwhen you're partially but not entirely certain of something. FailyFeely's\nsuggestion itself works too.",
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"body": "As Faily Feely suggested, 「確認したいのですが」sounds the most natural in this sentence.\nYou can say 「確認ですが」 too (just less formal). You can also add 「念のため」in front of\neither of that, but it pretty much means the same.\n\nAlso, I was born and raised in Japan but I've never used or heard the\nexpression 「明らめる」 except in very old books. (I actually had to Google it! haha\nThank you for teaching though)\n\nNao",
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| 43391 | 43392 | 43392 |
{
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"body": "I've been trying to understand the age old question of が vs は recently. The\nresources I've used so far have given helpful answers, but I'm still not\ngetting 1 key point. I'll summarize my knowledge so far:\n\nTae Kim (see [this](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/particles.html#part4) and\n[this](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/blog/2005/02/05/the-difference-between-\nand/)) points out that が is mainly an identifier particle, i.e. it identifies\nnew information. Makino and Tsutsui note this as well in their book (see\n[this](https://www.amazon.co.uk/d/Books/Dictionary-Basic-Japanese-Grammar-\nSeiichi-Makino/4789004546), pp118-20). [This excellent\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/22/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-wa-%E3%81%AF-and-ga-%E3%81%8C/51#51) on this site talks about it as\nwell and uses the concept of “universe of discourse” to indicate what can and\ncannot use は and が. If it’s new, i.e. not in the universe of discourse, then\nit uses が. If not, it uses は. None of these sources, while helpful, can fully\nanswer my questions however.\n\nI'll give some examples that are confusing me. My potential solution is that\ncontext determines when the bellow use は or が, but I don’t understand how it\nwould.\n\n(a) The classic example of the beginning of a fairytale that many, including\nMakino and Tsutsui, use [pp118-9]:\n\n> 昔々一人のおじいさんが住んでいました。おじいさんはとても貧乏でした\n\nThis is perfectly clear. We don't know the old man, so he's introduced via が\nand then は can and must be used. Same as in English the and a.\n\n> There once was **an** old man. **The** man was very poor.\n\nWhat confuses me, however, is generic nouns and some pronouns (see next\nexamples) where I can't use the \"a and the\" test.\n\n(b) Makino and Tsutsui give the following example:\n\n> 雨が降っている\n\nI don’t understand here how 雨 constitutes “new” information. Makino and\nTsutsui say that は can be used with “generic nouns” that are not new\ninformation by virtue of their being general knowledge (their examples are “車”\nand “人”). Wouldn’t this include something like \"rain\"?\n\n(c) In [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3214/extracting-\nfrom-and-introducing-to-universe-of-discourse-using-%E3%81%AF-\nand-%E3%81%8C-with-%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D%E3%81%82) Stackexchange post, Flaw\n(question author) considers and example dialogue: \"\n\n> Person A: どちらが東ですか。Person B: こちら（ は / が ）東です。\n\nThis is an exercise, and according to the person answering the question, it's\nが as こちら constitutes \"new information\". The answer there doesn't sufficiently\nexplain, for me to understand, why this is new information. As Flaw points\nout, isn't this part of the environment the people are speaking in, and thus\ncontext should give have introduced こちら already? Also, I don't understand in\ngeneral how a generic non question-word pronouns like こちら can be sometimes\n\"new\" and sometimes \"old\" information (as both は and が are used with it at\ndifferent points). Questions words make sense, as they’re always unknown\ninformation, but other pronouns (including things like 私) don't make sense to\nme.\n\nAgain, my potential solution is that context determines when the bellow use は\nor が, but I don’t understand how that would happen.\n\nありがとうございます! よろしくお願いいたします!",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "What is \"new information\" for が?",
"view_count": 631
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{
"body": "When you find a theory doesn't get along with what's observed in reality,\nthere's no point in sticking to that theory.\n\nCases where you should use が or other case particles without topicalized **in\na sentence** can fall into three categories.\n\n 1. [Sentence of neutral description](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43213/can-someone-explain-me-the-use-of-%E3%81%AF-and-%E3%81%8C-in-this-sentence)\n 2. Exhaustive listing\n 3. A part of coherent sentences\n\nExhaustive listing\n\n\"It's apple that's red\" can be translated into 赤いのは りんごだ, and you can rephrase\nit as りんごが赤い. Likewise, うなぎは 私だ (it's me who ordered eel) can be rephrased as\n私が うなぎだ. This kind of usage is called exhaustive listing.\n\nCoherent sentences\n\nInstead of saying 生徒が頭が痛いのでは 練習にならない (When pupils have headache, it can't be\nenough training), you can express it as 生徒が頭が痛い、これでは練習にならない. Now, the part\n生徒が頭が痛い in the second sentence looks a sentence without topic. But it's not\nreally an independent sentence per se.\n\nIn your examples, you can explain おじいさんが住んでいた and 雨が降っている with Sentence of\nneutral description, and こちらが東 with Exhaustive listing (you can rephrase it as\n東はこちら).",
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{
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"body": "The word for 'suicide bombing via crashing your plane into something'(which\nmost people will use in a broader sense that drops the plane from the\nequation) as seen done by the Japanese during WWII is 神風, who's kanji\ntranslates to 'Divine/God's wind'.\n\nCould someone explain the etymology of this to me. What exactly does 'Divine\nwind' refer to? How was it meant to help justify this suicide mission to the\nmen who did it? And is it connected to the State-Shinto they had at the time?",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "How is suicide bombing justified by a divine breeze?",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "There were [two typhoons that saved\nJapan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamikaze_\\(typhoon\\)) from mongol\ninvasions under Kublai Khan in the 13th century, and were thus named \"divine\nwind\" (神風). The pilots in WWII were supposed to be \"divine wind\", similar to\nthe typhoon, saving Japan from other invading enemies.",
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"body": "Technically, the word for \"suicide attack\" is\n[特攻｛とっこう｝](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%89%B9%E6%94%BB). It is derived\nfrom 特別攻撃隊 {とくべつこうげきたい}(special attack unit), which is often shortened to\n特攻隊｛とっこうたい｝.\n\n神風｛かみかぜ｝ is a reference to the typhoons that prevented two Mongolian invasions\nof Japan. They were thought to be gifts from the gods, defending Japan from\nits invaders. Kamikaze simply takes from that, painting a picture that the\nattacks would turn the tides of battle and bring victory to Japan. It's not\nuncommon for a country to use mythological terms for military purposes.\n\nAnd it doesn't have anything to do with the State-Shinto, as far as I know.",
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"body": "First of all, 神風 doesn't mean suicide attack in Japanese unless it's used as a\nre_imported word. American started to call it \"kamikaze\" because **one of the\nunits** that participated in the operation was called \"Shinpu\", whose kanji\ncan also be read as \"kamikaze\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-11T03:11:53.860",
"id": "43406",
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| 43398 | 43400 | 43400 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43528",
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"body": "I've been wondering about the patterns of Japanese onomatopoeia and their\netymologies. Perhaps you could help me figure it out or link me to a useful\nbibliography that might.\n\nThe first of these onomatopoeia follow the following pattern: **_っ_り** , like:\n\n> にっこり\n>\n> さっぱり\n>\n> すっかり\n>\n> びっくり\n\nThe second example of Japanese onomatopoeia repeats the preceding component,\noften adding a _dakuten_ (゛) in the latter part, i.e.:\n\n> わくわく\n>\n> ぼろぼろ\n>\n> しらじら\n\nThe third type of onomatopoeia seems to take the sound that things make and\nadds っと to it:\n\n> ぎゅっと\n>\n> ざっと\n>\n> どんと\n\nAnother question would be, why do some of these onomatopoeia take the に\nparticle, while some use the と particle?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-10T22:48:40.147",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"history",
"onomatopoeia",
"rendaku"
],
"title": "History and etymology of Japanese onomatopoeia",
"view_count": 491
} | [
{
"body": "These adverb classes are all related. At their root is the singular form,\nusually two morae in length, such as the にこ in にこにこ and にっこり, or the ぎゅう in\nぎゅっと and ぎゅうぎゅう, or the ほそ in ほそぼそ and ほっそり. Some of these singular forms also\ncomprise the roots of other words, or are cognate with those roots, such as ほそ\nalso appearing in 細{ほそ}い, 細{ほそ}める, etc., or にこ also appearing in 和{にこ}やか,\n和肌{にこはだ}, etc.\n\nThere is some more information about the derivation of _っ_り adverbs [in this\nother\nthread](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18729/%E3%81%A3-%E3%82%8A-form-\nadverbs).\n\n( **Note:** I cannot find any examples of these classes of adverbs taking に;\nthey all appear either to modify verbs directly, as in わくわくする, or to take と\ninstead, as in ほっそりとした.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 43399 | 43528 | 43528 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43403",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 開戦といきますか！\n\nJudging from the exclamation mark and from the context (a battle immediately\nstarts after the commander of an army says this), I think that in the sentence\nabove か could have an exhortative value. Is it correct? If so, is it a common\nthing or only a manga/anime thing? Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-11T00:36:23.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43402",
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "Can the particle か have an exhortative value?",
"view_count": 108
} | [
{
"body": "I am going to say yes here even though \"exhortative\" may slightly be too\nstrong a word for it.\n\nThe sentence-final 「か」 can certainly express inducement, solicitation,\ninvitation, etc. and it is widely used in real life, not just in manga/anime.\n\nThe exclamation mark, however, is completely optional. It is just used more\noften in manga than in real life for the majority of native speakers.\n\n> \"Let's start a war!\"\n>\n> \"Let's go to a war!\"\n\nThe final 「か」 adds a \" **shall we?** \" kind of nuance to the statement.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-11T01:02:59.633",
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| 43402 | 43403 | 43403 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43849",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know there are a few ways to essentially say \"husband\" (夫、旦那、主人). Can all be\nused by a speaker to refer to themselves?\n\nExamples I thought of:\n\n> （私はAの）旦那／夫／主人です。\n>\n> 旦那／夫／主人の○○です。\n\nI have a feeling I can't use 主人, but I'm not sure if that's correct, nor why.\n\n**How do I introduce myself in relation to my wife?**\n\nRelated: [How to introduce oneself in relation to ones\nhusband?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43409/how-to-introduce-\noneself-in-relation-to-ones-husband)",
"comment_count": 3,
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"owner_user_id": "11830",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"formality"
],
"title": "How to introduce myself in relation to my wife?",
"view_count": 1166
} | [
{
"body": "主人 means 'master', so you shouldn't use it to refer yourself. When used by man\nto refer his relationship with his wife it feels rough, be careful. 主人 is\npolite when your wife refers you because it is considered as humbleness. Also\nit implies he is a bit serious person. This can be used by woman to introduce\nher husband in formal situation.\n\n旦那 is almost similar to 主人 but implies he is somewhat rich, friendly and easy\ngoing person. This word is used by woman to introduce her husband with some\nfriendliness to him and others listening to her speaking. Also used by man to\nrefer other married man with friendliness.\n\n夫 is normal. This word is safe to use always. Can be used in formal situation.\nTo refer yourself as husband of someone, this word is almost only one you can\nuse. To refer husband of other woman, this word somewhat lacks feeling of\npersonal friendship to him, but safe.\n\nTo refer husband of other woman, 旦那さん is friendly and with some respect. To\nadd more respect use 旦那様 or ご主人. They can be used in formal situation. You\nshouldn't use bare 主人 or 旦那 to refer other woman's husband because it lacks\nrespect to him and his wife.\n\nAlso some people uses word 相方 to refer their husband/wife. This word can be\nused by woman to refer her husband, or by man to refer his wife. This word's\nfeeling is friendliness and equality between them. But it is not very formal.\n\nIn corner case which you want to completely remove feeling of sexism, you can\nuse 配偶者 to refer your wife. This word can be used by woman to refer her\nhusband. But in Japanese society it is very rare. In almost case using 配偶者\nfeels like someone is taking too much care about sexism.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-25T04:21:03.463",
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| 43405 | 43849 | 43849 |
{
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"body": "Did I hear it wrong? And should it be 彼女は亡くなり **に** なりました?\n\nI am watching Japanese movies to improve my listening. In a movie a character\nsaid:\n\n> 彼女は亡くなりなりました\n\nMentioned that I know the rule:\n\n> Na-adjective/noun: **~ に なります** \n> I-adjective/nai: **~く なります**\n\nMy listening is not good yet.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T04:43:19.793",
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"id": "43408",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Is is correct to say ~亡くなりなりました?",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "The rules you mention apply to adjectives. 亡くなる is a verb and 亡くなり~ is its ~ます\nstem.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-08T15:35:35.430",
"id": "48200",
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| 43408 | null | 48200 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43445",
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"body": "I know there are a few ways to essentially say \"wife\" (妻、家内、女房). Can they be\nused by a speaker to refer to themselves?\n\nExamples I thought of:\n\n> （私はAの）妻／家内／女房です。\n>\n> 妻／家内／女房の○○です。\n\nI have a feeling one can't use 奥さん, かみさん, because of the さん. I've almost never\nheard 家内 or 女房 used in real life, either.\n\n**How does one introduce oneself in relation to ones husband?**\n\nRelated: [How to introduce myself in relation to my\nwife?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43405/how-to-introduce-\nmyself-in-relation-to-my-wife)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-11T05:17:03.580",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"formality"
],
"title": "How to introduce oneself in relation to ones husband?",
"view_count": 231
} | [
{
"body": "口頭でしたら、\n\n> （はじめまして。+） \n> 「妻の花子です。/ 太郎の妻です。/ 山田の妻です。」 \n> 「家内の花子です。/ 太郎の家内です。/ 山田の家内です。」 \n> （+（いつも）主人がお世話になっております。）\n\nのように言えると思います。（「家内」を使うのは正しくない、という人もいますが、実際には結構使われています。）でも、\n\n> 「山田です。（いつも）主人がお世話になっております。」\n\nというふうに、「妻」「家内」などの言葉を使わずに、少し遠回しに表現することも多いと思います。\n\nまたは、ご主人が、\n\n> 「あ、（こちら）妻/家内(1)です。」\n\nと言って、そこで奥さんが、\n\n> 「（はじめまして。）（花子です。）（いつも）（主人が(2)）お世話になっております。」\n\nのように言う形もよく見られると思います。\n\n注 \n(1) 関西の人は「妻」「家内」の代わりに「嫁」を使うことも多いです。 \nカジュアルな場面では、「これ、（うちの）かみさんです。」と言ったり、「奥さん」「うちのやつ」（関西ではよく「嫁さん」「嫁はん」）を使ったりします。 \n(2)\nフォーマルな場面では、自分の夫を苗字で呼んで、「いつも山田がお世話になっております。」のように言うこともあります。少し年配の人が使う表現かもしれません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T08:20:14.657",
"id": "43445",
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| 43409 | 43445 | 43445 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43420",
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"body": "There is a [German children's song](https://youtu.be/oz--4Jmnr1w?t=20) named\n\"Fuchs du hast die Gans gestohlen\" about a fox stealing a goose. According to\n[Wikipedia](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchs,_du_hast_die_Gans_gestohlen)\nthe melody comes from another song named \"Wer eine Gans gestohlen hat\" which\nis about geese but not about foxes.\n\nThere is a [Japanese children's\nsong](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOuoIQWlrHs) named 「こぎつねこんこん」 (judging\nby the YouTube title) with a very similar melody that is also about foxes. I\nfound a [Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E3%81%8E%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AD)\nthat may or may not be about the song. (I don't speak Japanese.)\n\nWhat is the relationship between the two versions?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T06:25:34.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43410",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-11T15:04:42.460",
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"owner_user_id": "19767",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"music"
],
"title": "What is the relationship between \"Fuchs du hast die Gans gestohlen\" and 「こぎつねこんこん」?",
"view_count": 285
} | [
{
"body": "The German _Fuchs, Du hast die Gans gestohlen_ is the original song. (The\nmodern version is due to Ernst Anschütz (1824).)\n\nThe Japanese 『小ぎつね』 (or 小ぎつねこんこん) is a version by 勝【かつ】 承夫【よしお】 _Yoshio Katsu_\n, first listed in the textbook 『三年生の音楽』 \"Music for the third grade\" published\nin 1947 by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture.\n\nThe song is still contained in the [ministry-approved\ntextbooks](http://www.kyogei.co.jp/publication/textbook/h27_elementary_school/a2.html)\n(now for second grade), listed as:\n\n> 曲名： 小ぎつね、 作詞者： 勝 承夫 （日本語詞）、 作曲者： ドイツ民謡\n\nwhich translates to\n\n> _Title:_ 小ぎつね, _Lyrics:_ Yoshio Katsu (Japanese lyrics), _Music:_ German\n> folk song",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T14:51:13.390",
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| 43410 | 43420 | 43420 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43414",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does 来て削る mean in this sentence?\n\n> エリンを中盤に **来て削って** どうするの。\n\nThe sentence is someone who is angry about a character being removed from the\nspotlight of a show, but I am especially puzzled by the usage of 来て.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T09:33:30.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43413",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-11T09:58:35.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "19819",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "エリンを中盤に来て削ってどうするの。",
"view_count": 90
} | [
{
"body": "> 「エリンを中盤{ちゅうばん}に来{き}て削{けず}ってどうするの。」\n\n＝\n\n> 「中盤に来て、エリンを削ってどうするの。」\n\nYou should **not** be looking at 「来て削る」 as a phrase on its own. Rather, it is\n「中盤に来て + 削る」.\n\n「中盤に来て」 means \" **(when the show/story) is getting into full swing** \". 「来る」\nhere means \"(the show) approaching or coming near the good part\" if that makes\nsense.\n\n「中盤に来る」 means the same as 「中盤にさしかかる」.\n\n> \"What the heck are they thinking, putting エリン out of the show just when it's\n> getting into full swing!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T09:48:49.863",
"id": "43414",
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| 43413 | 43414 | 43414 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "If we look at the Japanese word, there is no \"Fujiyama\" at all. I have a hunch\nthat this was a mistake of a translator who transliterated 富士山 wrongly due to\nthe kanji \"yama\" reading. Yet if it's a mistake, why was it so widely\nspreaded? Wikipedia refers to \"Fujiyama\" as a disambiguation to \"Mount Fuji\"\nand I even saw a Japanese book with the title \"FUJIYAMA\". Was it really\nsomeone's mistake or Japanese has some variation about this particular\nmountain?\n\nFor example, here in Russia many people consider \"Fujiyama\" normal name where\nthose who study Japanese consider it as a terrible inaccuracy of a translator.\nWhere is the truth?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T10:17:55.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43415",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-13T02:06:15.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19321",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"names"
],
"title": "Why did Mount Fuji (富士山) become \"Fujiyama\" in English?",
"view_count": 1569
} | [
{
"body": "There is a famous phrase \"fujiyama, geisha\" = \"富{ふ}士{じ}山{やま}、芸者{げいしゃ}.\" This\nphrase as the symbol of Japan is believd spoken by foreigners during the Meiji\nPeriod. \nIt could be a likely tale.\n\nWe Japanese have accepted \"Fuji-yama\" as \"外{がい}人{じん}のちょっと変{へん}な日本語.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T01:13:33.357",
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| 43415 | null | 43467 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am an American; if I were going to live in Japan for any amount of time and\nconduct business, on official documents, could/would I write my name as\nAmericans do (first-last) or as Japanese do (last-first)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T13:56:38.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43418",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-12T12:50:31.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"names",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "American use of Japanese naming conventions",
"view_count": 506
} | [
{
"body": "This depends on whether you are writing it in Japanese or English, I would\nsay. It is common even for Japanese people to do `first-last` when writing\ntheir names in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T16:05:43.653",
"id": "43421",
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{
"body": "Even if you are writing your name in katakana, you would do it in the first-\nlast order. For example, Donald Trump would write his name as ドナルド・トランプ.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T19:48:23.243",
"id": "43426",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-11T19:48:23.243",
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{
"body": "In most of the time you're going to keep given name first, unless otherwise\ndesignated (like in some application forms). Japanese know, and expect that\nWestern names (actually, almost everywhere outside East Asia) are expressed in\nthis order.\n\nHowever, you may see your name spelled with family name first in some\ndocuments, when they are compiled for indexing purposes (e.g. employee list).\nIt doesn't mean you'd be addressed in that way, though. If you're asked to\ntell your name always from the family name, I'm sure that it's a very special\npractice in that industry.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T12:50:31.597",
"id": "43448",
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| 43418 | null | 43448 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My surname ends in a silent H, which makes the last two letters, TH,\npronounced like a hard T. I've read that Japanese tends to \"make close\napproximations (of names) based on spelling, not pronunciation\". So, depending\non which is true, my name ends in either \"to\" or \"tsu\". Which one is more\naccurate?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T14:48:02.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "19822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"names"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of silent consonants in English names",
"view_count": 259
} | [
{
"body": "No, its actually the opposite. You use katakana (normally) and get as close as\nyou can phonetically to the original pronunciation. ツ would end your name like\n\"gets\" so you'd have an S sound at the end which is probably not what you'd\nwant. I think hard T would probably use one of タ、ト、テ, which is ta, to, and te,\nrespectively. No matter what, I think you'll have to end with an added vowel,\nwhich is not uncommon when trying to pronounce foreign words.\n\nYou can try an online site like here <http://www.japanese-name-\ntranslation.com/> to help you get an idea. If its a common last name it may be\nthat someone has already figured it out and there's a \"normal\" way to write\nit. If not, you can tweak it to get as close to the original pronunciation as\npossible.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-11T19:34:58.260",
"id": "43424",
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{
"body": "You are partly true.\n\n> Peter Graham\n\nwho is eminent composer in Wind Orchestra and Brass Bands musics. often\ntranslated and written as below.\n\n> ピーター•グラハム\n\nAlso a famous poker player\n\n> Evelyn Ng\n\nMany believe her name is pronounced like below\n\n> エブリン•ング？\n\nher sir name rarely read properly.\n\nIt's not the all the case that we notate specific name in katakana based on\nits actual pronunciations.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-14T08:30:16.837",
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| 43419 | null | 43424 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43444",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Usage and difference in meaning.\n\nAs I know they both mean **to be careful**. For example :\n\n> ~車に注意してください。 \n> ~車に気をつけてください。\n\nBoth mean **be careful about car (~while crossing the road)**\n\nFrom [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13288/16171) _注意する_\nmeans to warn.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-11T19:07:22.847",
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"id": "43423",
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"owner_user_id": "16171",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 注意する and 気をつける",
"view_count": 1974
} | [
{
"body": "I believe 注意する is more formal than 気をつける. For example, warning signs will say\nご注意ください, not お気をつけください.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T21:38:57.650",
"id": "43428",
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{
"body": "Just as in English, there are many ways to say the same thing. \nAnd in most cases, you could assume they mean the same. \n気をつける is more like an expression and can usually just be used as such. \n注意 is more flexible and used in other ways.\n\n車に注意する -> Be careful of the cars \n車に気をつける -> Pay attention to the cars",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T07:22:25.907",
"id": "43444",
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| 43423 | 43444 | 43428 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43430",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 吉野家は「私たちが出した広告ではありません」と話しています。そして、うその広告に書いてあるアドレスにメールを送らない **ように** 言っています。 \n> Yoshinoya say that \"It's not an advert that we put out\". And, they are\n> saying it **so that** you don't send mail to the address that is written in\n> the fake advert.\n\nI'm sure I must have mis-translated ように here because my translation sounds\nlike a very strange thing to say. The only other translation of ように I know is\n'like'/'in a way that' etc. which seems to make even less sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-11T20:52:20.393",
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"id": "43427",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of ように in this sentence",
"view_count": 232
} | [
{
"body": "> 「(Verb Phrase) + ように言{い}う」\n\nmeans:\n\n> \"to tell (someone) to (verb phrase)\"\n\nThus,\n\n「メールを送{おく}らないように言っています」 means:\n\n\" **is/has been telling (us/everyone) not to send mail** \"\n\nThis 「よう（に）」 is **_extremely useful_** because, besides 「言う」, you can use it\nwith any verbs that express requests, orders, recommendations, suggestions,\nadvice, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T21:54:21.753",
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| 43427 | 43430 | 43430 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43431",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「東京マラソン」は、東京都庁 **を** スタートして、銀座や浅草など観光地を走る人気のマラソン大会です。 \n> The Tokyo Marathon is a popular race that runs through tourist areas like\n> Ginza and Asakusa and starts **at** the government office.\n\nClearly this を is not the object particle (the race isn't starting the\noffice). I know that を can also mean 'through' like the second time it appears\nabove. But I'm sure the race doesn't start **through** the office either.\n\nSo を must have another meaning I don't know, or it's a typo for で. I assume\nthe former.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T21:42:17.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43429",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Meaning of を in 東京都庁をスタートする",
"view_count": 89
} | [
{
"body": "This is a slightly exceptional (and very important) usage of 「 **を** 」\nemployed with **_motion verbs_** that actually are **intransitive** verbs.\n\n「東京都庁{とうきょうとちょう} **を** スタートして」 = \"(the marathon) starts **_at_** the Tokyo\nMetropolitan Government Building and\"\n\n「銀座{ぎんざ}や浅草{あさくさ}など観光地{かんこうち} **を** 走{はし}る」 = \"(it) runs **_through_** the\nsight-seeing spots such as Ginza and Asakusa\"\n\nBoth 「スタートする」 and 「走る」 are intransitive verbs here.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-11T22:36:30.387",
"id": "43431",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 43429 | 43431 | 43431 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've stumbled upon a sentence in a Japanese novel, and I am looking for help\nfrom someone who can explain to me the function of \"モンねぇ\" in this particular\nsentence.\n\n> 局長が相談に乗ってくれるなら、怖いモンねぇな！\n\nSo I believe the sentence would translate to something akin to:\n\n> It's scary if we get advice from the director!\n\nI think モン = もん which could also = もの and I believe it has various different\nmeanings or grammatical functions depending on the context. I also know ねぇ =\nない.\n\nHowever, putting this all together I'm still having a hard time understanding\nwhat モンねぇ is doing in the sentence. How does モンねぇ affect the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T01:08:06.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43433",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-12T09:06:15.000",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-12T09:06:15.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "19826",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "How does モンねぇ effect the sentence?",
"view_count": 274
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation, for some reason, does **not** reflect your grammatical\nunderstanding of the expression. You stated:\n\n> \" I also know ねぇ = ない.\",\n\nwhich is correct, but your TL is:\n\n> \" _ **It's scary**_ if we get advice from the director!\"\n\nWhy \"It's scary\" when ねぇ means ない? Where did the negative ねぇ go?\n\n> 「モンねぇ」＝「ものない」＝「ものはない」\n>\n> 「怖{こわ}いモンねぇ」 means \" _ **there is nothing to fear**_ \".\n\nYou translated the sentence the opposite way. My own would be:\n\n> \"If we could get advice from the director, we would have nothing to fear/to\n> be afraid of, would we?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T01:26:48.573",
"id": "43435",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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| 43433 | null | 43435 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43440",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nI came across this at a Yoshinoya and I've never seen this before on a menu. I\ncan't figure out what this is supposed to mean; all I can infer from the\npricing is that maybe it's a size in between 並 and 大.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T03:09:50.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43439",
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"owner_user_id": "17915",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does アタマ mean in reference to food/portion sizes?",
"view_count": 903
} | [
{
"body": "In 牛丼{ぎゅうどん} (\"beef bowl\"), 「アタマ」 refers to the toppings that are placed over\nthe rice. In other words, it refers to the stewed beef and onion.\n\nHere, 「アタマ」 refers to the particular size of gyudon consisting of regular-size\nrice and large toppings, resulting in a \"size\" between 「並{なみ}」(regular) and\n「大盛{おおもり}」(large) in the total amount of food served. This should explain the\npricing for アタマ in the photo above.\n\nPlease also note that the \"official\" size name used at Yoshinoya is 「\n**アタマの大盛** 」.\n\nHope all this makes sense. It is a fairly popular gyudon size now as it gives\nyou extra beef without all that extra rice to go with it like 大盛 does.\n\n\" **Big head (= extra toppings) on top of the regular-size rice** \", so to\nspeak.\n\nYoshinoya sold 5 million bowls of アタマの大盛 in no time.\n\n",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T03:16:45.140",
"id": "43440",
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| 43439 | 43440 | 43440 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43442",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "[Section 2-1:\nInflecting](http://pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/#section-2-1-Inflecting) example\n待た **され** ていました contradicts the [causative\nformula](http://pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/#section-3-2-12-Causative:_%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B/%E3%81%95%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B)\n\nIn the book causative defined as 五段未然形+せる/一段未然形+させる.\n\n待つ is a 五段 verb, so its causative form should be 待たせる, and 連用形 of this should\nbe 待たせ, therefore the verb should be 待た **せ** ていました.\n\nAm I missing something here?\n\nCan someone evaluate the\n[explanation](http://pomax.github.io/nrGrammar/#section-2-1-Inflecting) of\nthis verb form. Is it correct or not?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-12T04:52:43.207",
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"id": "43441",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What is the grammatical form of 待たされていました?",
"view_count": 1027
} | [
{
"body": "待たせた = Made (someone) wait. \n待たされた = (someone)Was made to wait.\n\nWhen the verb becomes causative, \n待つ -> 待たす\n\nWhen the verb changes to passive mode, \n待つ -> 待たれる\n\nWhen a verb becomes causative and then make it passive, \n待つ -> 待たす -> 待たされる",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T05:37:27.557",
"id": "43442",
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},
{
"body": "The other answer has it all, but here's a step-by-step inference produced by\n[GeekJDict](https://github.com/kroki/GeekJDict):\n\n```\n\n geekjdict>> g 待たされていました\n 待たされていました is the past form of 待たされています\n 待たされています is the polite form of 待たされている\n 待たされている is the continuous form of 待たされて\n 待たされて is the て-form of 待たされた\n 待たされた is the past form of 待たされる\n 待たされる is the passive form of 待たす\n see plain 待たす t: v5s\n 待たす is the colloquial form of 待たせる\n see causative 待たせる t: v1\n 待たせる is the causative form of 待つ\n see plain 待つ t: v5t\n \n```\n\nSo 待たす is the colloquial form of 待たせる. As other comment said,\n[guidetojapanese.org](http://guidetojapanese.org/) is the best resource on\nJapanese grammar (and GeekJDict's grammar inference is based on it).",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-12T09:56:23.777",
"id": "43447",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-12T09:56:23.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "Because words such as 待たせられる mataserareru are considered to be difficult to\npronounce, frequently in colloquial speech, the middle part of the causative\npassive would contract. That is, 待たせられる mataserareru (I was made to wait),\nwould become 待たされる matasareru. Another example such as \"(I) was made to buy\n(something)\" would formally be 買わせられた kawaserareta from the verb 買う kau, but\ncolloquially, it is frequently contracted to 買わされた kawasareta. This\nabbreviation is not used for ichidan verbs, nor for the irregular する suru and\nくる kuru.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-04-30T13:29:01.673",
"id": "86404",
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| 43441 | 43442 | 43442 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43450",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My boss writes me, that he will arrive later to the place we are supposed to\nmeet. I wish to answer him\n\n> Please don't hurry and take your time. I will wait as much as it will be\n> necessary.\n\nWhat would be the best way to express this English sentence in Japanese? I\ntried my luck and have said the next sentence:\n\n> 急がないで時間をご十分にとってください。\n\nAnd for the second sentence, I was not sure, so I decided to express it in a\nlittle bit another way:\n\n> ○○さんのご都合がよい時間にいつでもお会いできます。\n\nHow would you express this English sentence in Japanese? And I also know, I\nhave mistakes in my sentences, could you please point out, what is exactly\nwrong in them...?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T14:21:12.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43449",
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"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "How to say to my boss \"Please don't hurry and take your time.\"?",
"view_count": 4980
} | [
{
"body": "I'd like to show you one of the typical expressions for the situation. This is\nnot the direct translation of your English.\n\n> Please don't hurry and take your time. \n> \"お急{いそ}ぎにならなくて結構{けっこう}です。ご自分{じぶん}のご都合{つごう}に合{あ}わせて来{き}てください。\" \n> Please don't hurry. You can come at your convenience. (If you actually want\n> to have your boss come on time or ASAP, you cannot use this expression.)\n>\n> I will wait as much as it will be necessary. \n> \"私は、約束{やくそく}の場所{ばしょ}でお待{ま}ち致{いた}します。\" \n> I'll wait for you the place of appointment.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T16:10:35.490",
"id": "43450",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-13T00:14:23.037",
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| 43449 | 43450 | 43450 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43453",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 毎年、日本で **最も多い** ３万６０００人以上の人が走ります \n> Every year in Japan ??? more than 36,000 people run.\n\nI can't understand at all what 最も多い does in this sentence. Literally it means\n'most numerous' right? I can't understand it's meaning in this context or even\nhow it fits in grammatically. Presumably it modifies 人 since that's the only\navailable noun. But thereafter, I'm lost.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T16:26:35.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43451",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of 最も多い in this sentence",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "最も多: the most common the most popular Ex: 日本で最も多い名前は鈴木です。 The most common name\nin Japan is Suzuki.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T16:44:06.413",
"id": "43452",
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{
"body": "In this context, the following could safely be inferred.\n\n「日本{にほん}で最{もっと}も多{おお}い」＝「日本のマラソン大会{たいかい}の中{なか}で最も多い」\n\nWhat is 最も多い is the number of participants in the marathon.\n\n> \"Every year, over 36,000 people, which is the largest scale in Japan,\n> run/participate.\"\n\nA literal translation would be close to impossible, which is why I used \"the\nlargest scale\". A slightly more literal TL would be:\n\n> \"Every year, over 36,000 people, which is the most in Japan, run/participate\n> (in this marathon).\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T16:50:54.733",
"id": "43453",
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"parent_id": "43451",
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"score": 1
}
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| 43451 | 43453 | 43453 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43455",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I were to point to a building and ask what it was, would it be appropriate\nto say \"あれ は なん です か\", \"あの たてもの は なん です か\", both, or something completely\ndifferent?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T17:05:59.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43454",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "When asking what a certain building within sight is, would \"あれ\" or \"あの\" be used?",
"view_count": 90
} | [
{
"body": "Both are perfectly correct and natural-sounding.\n\nAnother word we also often use in these situations is 「あそこ」, which means \"that\nplace\". You can say:\n\n「あそこはなんですか。」\n\nTo speak more informally, we say:\n\n「あそこはなに？」or even:\n\n「あそこはなんなの？」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-12T17:35:07.563",
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}
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| 43454 | 43455 | 43455 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43469",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The phrase \"話し手も相手も共通に知っている場合\" was translated in this board as \"When both the\nspeaker and listener know the subject\"\n\nI dont understand 2 things about this sentence. What's the use of ni in this\nphrase. It doesnt seem to match with any of the uses of \"ni\" I know. Isnt\n話し手も相手も共通 the topic of the sentence and should be marked with \"は\". And why\n\"the subject\" isnt before the 知っている verb and it isnt marked with を ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-12T19:25:44.737",
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"id": "43457",
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-は",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "why this sentence has this grammatical structure? 話し手も相手も共通に知っている場合",
"view_count": 141
} | [
{
"body": "共通に is an adverb modifying 知っている. It is added for emphasis. 話し手も相手も知っている場合 is\nalso a valid expression differing only by nuance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T21:53:43.450",
"id": "43460",
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},
{
"body": "I understand \"共通に\" can be correspoond to \"both.\"\n\n\"話し手も相手も共通に話題を知っている場合\" = \"When（場合） both（共通に） the speaker（話し手） and（も）\nlistener（相手） know（知っている） the subject（話題(を)）\"\n\n\"話し手も相手も共通に知っている場合\" = \"When both the speaker and listener know the subject\"\n\n\"話し手も相手も知っている場合\" = \"When the speaker and listener know the subject\"\n\nThe nuance of difference is quite week.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T02:37:21.217",
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| 43457 | 43469 | 43469 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've often found 方 to be quite abstract sometimes, and I've been thinking\nabout it more when I saw this:\n\n> ……杉山さんって、こういう感じの方なんですね……\n\nTo me it looks like the sentence would mean exactly the same thing if I took\nout の方 - \"I can say with confidence that it feels like Sugiyama san\"\n\nIs this true or is 方 actually changing something here?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T20:17:15.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43458",
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"owner_user_id": "19838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "Can 方 be taken out of some sentences without changing the meaning?",
"view_count": 119
} | [
{
"body": "The situation could be the following.\n\n>\n> 杉山さんは、もう約束{やくそく}の時間{じかん}を３０分{ぷん}も過{す}ぎているのに、今{いま}私{わたし}に、SMSで「今日{きょう}は行{い}けなくなった」とだけ知{し}らせてきましたよ。杉山さんって、こういう感{かん}じの方{かた}なんですね。\n\n\"方\" in \"杉山さんって、こういう感じの方なんですね\" always \"方{かた},\" because\n\"〇〇さんって、こういう感じの方{かた}なんですね\" or \"〇〇さんって、そういう感じの方{かた}なんですね\" is a common phrase\nexpressing criticism against a person without making a firm critic statememt.\n\nIf you'd like to make it clear, you can say \"〇〇さんって、失礼{しつれい}な方{かた}なんですね\" or\n\"〇〇さんって、礼儀{れいぎ}を知{し}らない方なんですね.\"\n\n> You can say \"杉山さんって、こういう感じなんですね\" insted of \"杉山さんって、こういう感じの方なんですね.\"\n\nBoth are interchangeable. I feel the first sentence skip \"の方\" or \"の人{ひと}.\"\n\n* * *\n\nちなみに、人についての話題で\"方{ほう}\"を使う例は以下です。\n\nオフィスにて、In the office,\n\n> \"杉山さんの机の上は書類だらけだ。杉山さんはアバウトな方{ほう} or 方{かた}なんですね。\" \n> Mr. Sugiyama has a pile of papers on his desk, he is not fussy about\n> anything, isn't he?\n\nThis example sentence is just confusing. We can read \"方\" as not only \"方{かた}\"\nbut also \"方{ほう}.\"\n\nIf you read \"アバウトな方{ほう},\" in your mind there are two groups of person. One is\nthe group of people who are fussy, the other is the gruoup of people who are\nnot fussy. So you can say \"He is a person who is not on fussy side.\n\"side=方{ほう}\" ←I'm not sure this is an appropriate English or not.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T00:28:15.083",
"id": "43466",
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{
"body": "First, let's clarify two things:\n\n 1. The 方 in “こういう感じの **方** ” is read かた, which is the polite way of saying _person_.\n 2. The 〜ね at the end is important in understanding the tone of this sentence. 〜なんです is a confident/declarative statement, while 〜なんです **ね** effectively dampens the assertiveness in the tone. Think of the difference between saying “It's a friendly cat” versus something like “You could say it's a friendly cat” or “So it's a friendly cat, huh?”.\n\nBack to your example,\n\n> 1. 杉山さんって、こういう感じ **の方** なんですね \n> _Sugiyama-san is this kind of person, huh._\n> 2. 杉山さんって、こういう感じなんですね \n> _Sugiyama-san is like this, huh._\n>\n\nSince the topic is clearly Sugiyama-san, a person, you can remove the の方\nwithout altering the basic meaning of the sentence.\n\nThe only difference is that, in sentence #1, there is more information to be\ngleaned about the **relationship between the speaker and Sugiyama-san**. Since\nthe speaker is referring to Sugiyama-san using the polite [方]{かた}, you can\ninfer that there is quite a bit of polite distance between the two people. I\nwould say that this distance is greater than what can be assumed from just the\nuse of 〜さん.\n\nSo while sentence #2 could be about any kind of two people, you can assume\nfrom sentence #1 that the speaker and Sugiyama-san are **not** two classmates\nin high school, for example.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-15T10:46:46.120",
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| 43458 | null | 43544 |
{
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"body": "I received the following (partial) message from B先生, my previous teacher,\nafter going through a JLPT class with C先生 and passing the N2 exam. How should\nI interpret the bolded sentence?\n\n> おおお〜〜〜！Aさん、おめでと〜〜〜〜〜＼(^o^)／Aさんなら大丈夫だと思っていましたよ！次はN1ですか？\n> **C先生になんでも聞いて、合格できるように頑張って！**\n\nThe って at the back confuses me. To me, it can mean either one of these two\nthings:\n\n 1. Quotation particle って, in which case the quote doesn't make sense to me (shouldn't it be something like 頑張っていたって?)\n\n 2. Te-form of 頑張る, in which case it signals a request (so is she asking me to work hard for N1?)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T21:18:00.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43459",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"quotes"
],
"title": "Interpreting って - te-form or quotation?",
"view_count": 521
} | [
{
"body": "Maybe I'm having trouble understanding your English, but って here is not\nrelated to quotation.\n\nInstead, it's a command form of 頑張る\n\n頑張る\n\n頑張らない\n\n= 頑張る is a 五段動詞\n\nThen there's the command forms for it:\n\n頑張れ - do your best\n\n頑張って - do your best\n\n頑張ろう - let's do our best",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T23:04:52.973",
"id": "43464",
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{
"body": "\"て（って）\" of \"頑張って\" can be understood as te-form connecting verb sentences.\n\n\"頑張って合格してください、そして有意義な大学生活を楽しんでください！\" \n\" Do your best to pass the examination and enjoy your meaningfull college\nlife.\" \ncan be abbreviated to \n\"頑張って合格して、有意義な大学生活を楽しんでください！\", \n\"頑張って合格して、有意義な大学生活を楽しんで！\", \n\"頑張って合格して！\"\n\nI'm wondering why you didn't ask this question C先生. (^^)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-13T02:02:44.293",
"id": "43468",
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| 43459 | null | 43464 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43463",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does 血路 mean in this passage?\n\nFrom\n[here:](http://vocaloidlyrics.wikia.com/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89_\\(Paranoid\\))\n\n> 照らし出す血路に 指先を絡めてく\n>\n> Terashidasu ketsuro ni yubisaki wo karameteku\n>\n> In the shining path out, we entwine our fingers\n\nDid the translation just remove the 血 and translate only 路?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T22:01:23.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43461",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-15T21:05:10.320",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9717",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 血路 mean in this passage? Is it actually Blood Road?",
"view_count": 133
} | [
{
"body": "The literal meaning is indeed \"blood road\". However, this term is used\nidiomatically.\n\nPer the etymology note in Shogakukan's 国語大辞典{こくごだいじてん} entry:\n\n> （狩場で、傷ついた獣が血をたらしながら逃げる道の意から） \n> (In hunting, from the way an injured beast will leave drops of blood\n> along its escape route)\n\nSo in usage, this term refers more metaphorically to \"escape route away from\nan enemy\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-12T23:03:29.207",
"id": "43463",
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| 43461 | 43463 | 43463 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of **なってねェよ** when used in this context:\n\nSpeaker A: 何すんだ！！コイツはおれの仲間になったんだ！！\n\nSpeaker B: **なってねェよ！！！**",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-12T23:02:08.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43462",
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"owner_user_id": "19839",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of なってねェよ?",
"view_count": 245
} | [
{
"body": "Speaker B is saying that they have not become friends.\n\nSpeaker B: なってねェよ！！！\n\nis\n\nSpeaker B: なっていないよ！！！\n\nin more normal conjugation and spelling.\n\nFor more on ねェ, see [Clarification on\n人の夢は終わらねェ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23137/clarification-\non-%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A2%E3%81%AF%E7%B5%82%E3%82%8F%E3%82%89%E3%81%AD%E3%82%A7)\n, [what does 言われなくちゃなんねェんだよ\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4479/what-\ndoes-%E8%A8%80%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%AD%E3%82%A7%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%82%88-mean/4480#4480)\n,",
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| 43462 | null | 43465 |
{
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"body": "English dictionaries translate ばかり as \"just (finished, etc.)\" but that doesn't\nseem to really work because \"I just came\" is past tense and \"私は来たばかりだ\" is\npresent tense. ばかり is an adverbial particle in the same vein as だけ and まで, but\nI don't see how ばかり modifies だ. An\n[entry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A8%B1%E3%82%8A-599887#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)\nin a Japanese dictionary describes it as 動作が完了してまもない状態にある意を表す, but that\ndoesn't really tell what the meaning of だ is in those sentences since the\nmeanings of ある and だ are quite different. Is だ in たばかりだ sentences being used\nthe same way as in 私は先生だ (noun) or 私は静かだ (adjective)? Since ばかり is an\nadverbial particle and not something that can connect だ with a noun, I am\nconfused.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-13T03:30:33.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43470",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-13T06:02:53.510",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of だ when used in a sentence involving a past tense verb like 来たばかりだ?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "ばかり is one of those words that doesn't work very well as an English part of\nspeech. A translation of these phrases gets the meaning across, but it does\nnot represent the structure of the Japanese at all. But if it helps, think of\nit this way: saying \"来たばかりだ\" means \"the current situation is that I have just\narrived.\" If you said \"来たばかりだった,\" that would mean \"a situation in the past was\nthat I had just arrived\"; the meaning becomes pluperfect since you're talking\nabout something that had already happened at an earlier point in time.\n\nFor a more rigorous explanation, let's break down the sentence: 私は来たばかりだ into\nparts.\n\n私は: I-topic/as for me\n\n来たばかり: came-just (just came)\n\nだ: copula/it is (that)\n\nSo if you wanted to go for a really liberal translation, you could argue it\nsays, \"it is that I just came,\" where \"it\" refers to the general situation or\nsomething similarly ambiguous. I feel like I could have explained this better,\nbut I hope that helps.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T06:02:53.510",
"id": "43476",
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| 43470 | null | 43476 |
{
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"body": "I'm completely stumped here. The following passage is from a book, but I just\ncannot make sense of what 軽んじる and 舐める are supposed to mean in this context -\n\nPerson A:\n\n> それより貴様、使いっ走りに出され、能力も軽んじられて……秋元に舐められ放題ではないか\n\nPerson B:\n\n> 僕があの方にナメられないわけないじゃないですがぁ\n\nEven after looking at a dictionary, the translation I thought of in my head\ndoesn't make too much sense. I think they both refer to 'underestimating' so\nperhaps person A saying Akimoto underestimates his abilities and person B\nsaying he isn't? Or is 軽んじる and 舐める used differently? Especially considering\n放題 follows 舐められ and I've never really seen 放題 much so far in the time I have\nbeen learning Japanese.\n\nPlease help me understand this dialogue! Thank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-13T03:53:45.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43471",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-15T04:20:22.477",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19842",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 軽んじる and 舐める",
"view_count": 442
} | [
{
"body": "So you already searched in a dictionary and understood that they can both mean\n\"to underestimate\". I am sure you realize that having 2 words with similar\nmeanings is not such an odd concept. They both can mean :\n\n> To make light of, to underestimate, to look down on, to put down, etc.\n\nIf you are a perfectionist and are worried about which feels more natural to a\nnative Japanese for every single cases then you will have to gain a lot of\nJapanese experience and learn all those cases.\n\nSome slight nuances might be that 舐める feels more like a deliberate insult to\n**someone** , while 軽んじる might feel more like making light of **something**.\n\nAs for 放題, it means \"as much as you like\". It is mostly in expressions like\n食べ放題、飲み放題 which is \"all you can drink/eat\" service in restaurants.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T04:22:36.850",
"id": "43472",
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"body": "軽んじる is a rather \"neutral/objective\" word which is usable in a serious\narticle. 軽視する is a synonym. 舐める (lit. \"to lick\") here is a slangy/colloquial\nword and the meaning is closer to\n[ばかにする](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%B0%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)\nand [あなどる](http://jisho.org/search/%E4%BE%AE%E3%82%8B). Person A just\nrephrased what he has said using a more colloquial and catchy phrase. This 放題\nmeans you are always being \"licked\" but does nothing about that. See [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29894/5010).\n\n僕があの方にナメられないわけないじゃないですかぁ is a triple negative sentence. ナメられないわけない means\n\"There is no way I won't be despised = I will certainly be despised,\" and\nじゃないですかあ means \"...isn't that so? / ...don't you think so?\". So the sentence\nbasically means \"Of course that person will make light of me! Why not?\". The\nsentence implies Person B is well aware of such fact but he does not care.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-15T04:20:22.477",
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| 43471 | null | 43534 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43479",
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"body": "How wide is the usage of causative\n([使役](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/93755/meaning/m0u/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BD%B9/))\n**す/さす** comparatively to **せる/させる**?",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T04:29:54.810",
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"tags": [
"conjugations",
"causation"
],
"title": "Causative せる/させる vs. す/さす",
"view_count": 734
} | [
{
"body": "Historically, 「す/さす」 is older than 「せる/させる」.\n\nJust like many other pairs of older and newer words/phrases with the same\nmeanings, the older forms are used more often and actively in Western Japan\nthan in Eastern Japan. (That is if you know anything about Japanese history.)\n\nTo say \" **What are you making me say?** \", for instance,\n\nTokyoites would tend to say:\n\n> 「何{なに}を言{い}わ **せる** んだよ！」\n\nwhile Osakans would be likely to say:\n\n> 「何を言わ **す** ねん！」\n\nIn schools, however, regardless of what part of the country we are from, we\nall basically learn to use 「せる/させる」 in \"Standard\" Japanese. You would rarely,\nif not ever, see or hear 「す/さす」 used in the media these days.\n\nThus, both forms may be used equally often \" _ **at homes**_ \" across the\ncountry, but in school, business, media, etc., 「せる/させる」 would be the dominant\nform.",
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| 43474 | 43479 | 43479 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43478",
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lopHu.jpg)\n\nThis is how I understand the sentence:\n\n> 84 If you are a man who'd drop me for this \n> 85 won't you fall in love with me first?\n\nBut it's such a weird thing to say. Something like \"...you couldn't have liked\nme much to begin with.\" would make more sense to me, but it's not written. I\nthink.\n\nContext: It's a BL manga and one of the guys grew suddenly taller than the\nother and is now worried that his boyfriend doesn't want him anymore.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"manga"
],
"title": "Is my understanding correct? \"84 If you are a man who'd drop me for this; 85 won't you fall in love with me first?\"",
"view_count": 298
} | [
{
"body": "> それで手放すような男なら \n> まず俺が好きになってねぇか\n\nTo show the hidden personal pronouns:\n\n> （お前が、）それで（俺を）手放すような男なら \n> まず俺が（お前を）好きになってねぇか\n\nIt means...\n\n> If you were a man who'd {dump me / give me up} {for this / because of that}, \n> I wouldn't have fallen in love with you, to begin with.\n\n俺が is the subject for (or, is the one who does the action) 好きになる.",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T07:43:29.333",
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| 43477 | 43478 | 43478 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43614",
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"body": "This is a line from a sports manga (soccer), after a rather unusual shoot, but\nI can't seem to make sense of it:\n\nそんなのアリかよ!?\n\nI have no idea what the \"ari\" in here refers to? Is this some slang? Some\nshort form of an idiom? It certainly doesn't seem to be related to any ant...\n\nThanks in advance!!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T12:48:51.430",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 17,
"tags": [
"slang",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Is アリ in そんなのアリかよ⁉︎ some type of slang?",
"view_count": 4053
} | [
{
"body": "「アリ」 here means \" **acceptable** \", \" **no problem** \", \" **possible** \", etc.\n\nIt is a vastly common colloquial usage, but I would not call it slangy.\n\n> 「そんなのアリかよ？」\n\ntherefore means:\n\n> \"Is that (even) acceptable?\"\n\nNeedless to say, the word comes from 「有{あ}り」 and it is pronounced differently\nfrom 「アリ」 (\"an ant\").\n\n「アリ」 in question is 「アリ{HL}」.\n\n「アリ」 (\"an ant\") is 「アリ{LH}」.\n\nThere used to be a TV program named 「コレってアリですか？」 (\"Is this acceptable?\") and\nsurely enough, the program's mascot was an ant for the pun of it!\n\n",
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"body": "「あり」is a pretty old style of the flexion of a transitive verb,「ある,」meaning\n“be,” “exist” and “lie.” 「池のほとりに一本の梅の木あり」means “There is (stands) a plum tree\nnear the pond.” 「ほかならぬ理由あり」 means “There is a certain reason (for doing that)”\n\nYou’ll see「訳あり商品」displayed in a store front quite often at supermarkets,\ndepartment stores and most of retail stores, which means the products with a\ncertain defect such as a small scar, stain, scratch on the suface of a\nproduct, or a product nearing the pull date.「訳あり」in this case means there IS a\ncertain reason for selling the product for very low price.\n\nWhen you're driving in resort places like the Izu Peninsula and the Hokone\nhighlands, you'll see a lot of signs reading \"空き部屋あり\" in front of hotels and\nB&Bs, which means \"Rooms available.\"\n\nAlso 「何（なん）でもあり」is a very popular wording, which means \"Anything is possible /\nAnything will do.\"\n\n「そんなのありかよ」means “Yikes, Can it be possible?” Again, 「あり」here denotes “IS it\npossible, (acceptable, allowable, permissible) on the earth?”",
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| 43481 | 43614 | 43483 |
{
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"body": "I came across this sentence:[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2ZlIJ.png)\n\nI know that いくcould mean 'to go' or 'to move' but I don't think it means\nsomething like that here.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T12:50:44.223",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What いく supposed to mean here?",
"view_count": 157
} | [
{
"body": "「いく」 here is a subsidiary verb, which is why it is written in kana. It is\nattached to the \"main\" verb 「蝕{むしば}む」 to form 「蝕んでいく」.\n\nWhat 「いく」 does as a subsidiary verb is to express the **increasing and/or\ncontinuing tendency** of the action described by the main verb.\n\n\"to keep on (main verb)ing\"\n\n\"to (main verb) more and more\"\n\n> \"(It turns into a) shapeless malice and continuously eats/ruins a human body\n> from the inside.\"",
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| 43482 | 43484 | 43484 |
{
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"body": "In English there are [12 cases of adverbial\nmodifier](http://moluch.ru/conf/phil/archive/137/7518/).\n\n 1. Can all these 12 adverbial cases in English be expressed by Japanese particle に?\n\n 2. Are there other grammatical functions expressed by particle に?",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T19:24:34.600",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbial"
],
"title": "Can particle に be always interpreted as adverbial modifier marker?",
"view_count": 193
} | [
{
"body": "## Q. Can all these 12 adverbial cases in English be expressed by Japanese\nparticle に?\n\n## A. Some, yes. Not all.\n\nAs Sonny365 TANAKA mentioned, に can be applied to some of them, but not all.\n\nAlso, there're sentences which can be understood, but not natural with に.\n\nI don't remember Japanese grammar well, so instead of that, let me translate\nthem into natural Japanese for me.\n\n 1. 月曜の夜 **には** 、そこは閉まってる。(に is okay, though)\n 2. 1週間ずっと、それは夜 **に** 踊ってた。(Difficult to translate all at once)\n 3. 踊り - クラブは the Rue de la Montagne Sainte Genevieven **で** 開かれた。\n 4. 俺はビールを飲んだ。出入口に立ってストリートの涼しい風に吹かれ **ながら** 。\n 5. 彼女はぱっちりとした目で見上げ、何気ない風に話そうとしていた。\n 6. 彼は前の本で **めちゃくちゃ** 稼いで、まだ稼ぐつもりでいた。\n 7. 彼は何ヶ月も妻と別れようとしていたが、まだしていなかった。 **なぜなら** 彼女を拒むのは残酷すぎたから。彼女から離れていったのは、とても健康的なショックだった。\n 8. それを光らせてオフィスに飾りたいもんだな。\n 9. 彼女は僕の目をあの感じで見つめていた。そうだ、君を本当に目で見つめているのかどうかわからなくさせたあの感じだ。\n 10. 彼女は地球上の何にでもないように見えた。そして彼女は本当に、多くのことを恐れていた。\n 11. タクシーは丘を登った。明りのついた広場を通りすぎて。...\n 12. そのビールはおいしくなくて、口直しの **ために** よりクソなコニャックを飲んだ。\n\n1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12 are straightforward. Each of them has a corresponding\nexpression.\n\nThe problem with 5, 8, 9, 10, 11 is that they don't have the perfect Japanese\ntranslations.\n\n**No.5** might be able to be separated into two sentences in Japanese.\n\n**No.8** says about the result. In this case, I learned in school that we can\nuse this template:\n\n「A **して** B する」\n\nUsing this, No.8 is translated into like 「それを光ら **せて** オフィスに飾りたいもんだな」\n\n**No.9** was difficult to translate. I feel like conditional adverbial\nmodifier turns into just conjunctions both in English and Japanese. Separating\nan English sentence may be a good idea when you translate into Japanese.\n\n**No.10** contains comparison. Both of _As if_ and _As though_ are translated\ninto 「みたいに、感じに、ように、かのように」in Japanese. These words are quite similar and all\nsounds like _Like_. So,\n\n\"She pretended as if she was the girlfriend of him\" 「彼女は彼の彼女 **みたいに** ふるまってた」\n\n\"Your face is like a monster\" 「お前の顔、怪物 **みたい** だな」\n\nSee? Both translations contain「みたい」.\n\nBtw, \"I was like \"What the heck are you doing!?\"\" is 「お前なにしてんの!? って感じだったよー」 in\nJapanese. 「感じ | みたいな」are really useful words. The same as I thought _Like_ is\nuseful.\n\nI think the translation of **No.11** is the same as No.5. Just separate it.\n\n## Q. Are there other grammatical functions expressed by particle に?\n\n## A. Yes.\n\nThere're three にs in Japanese.\n\n**に the 格助詞** 「机の上 **に** ある。」\n\n**に the 並列助詞** 「魚 **に** 肉 **に** デザート **に** 、全部おいしそうだなぁ。」\n\n**に the 終助詞** 「そんなに急ぐこともないだろう **に** 。」\n\nThis is all according to [this\narticle](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%AB). 格助詞 seems to be the one\nyou mentioned in the first question.",
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| 43485 | 43970 | 43970 |
{
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"body": "I know とても is not very formal, but what about ずいぶん and 大いに? Are ずいぶん and 大いに\ninterchangeable, and if so, which is more formal?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T19:39:31.040",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"synonyms",
"formality"
],
"title": "Which is more formal/polite: 大いに or ずいぶん?",
"view_count": 380
} | [
{
"body": "I don't feel that either one of them has a significantly formal (or casual)\ntone. (A good rule of thumb is that 漢語 tends to be stilted and formal, while\npure-Japanese words are less so.)\n\nOne major factor that will affect the formality of those words is their\nnuance:\n\n * ずいぶん: implies that the degree is perhaps \"too much\".\n * 大いに: implies that something was \"wholeheartedly\" so.\n\nHere is a contrived example of what (I think) that might mean:\n\n * 「彼はずいぶん意気込んでるね」: \"He's...really into it, isn't he?\"\n * 「彼は大いに意気込んでる、ね？」: \"He's really poured his heart into it, hasn't he?\"\n\nFinally, a good neutral semi-formal adjective that is less nuanced is 「非常に」.",
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"body": "What is formal in your mind?\n\nSuppose the meeting room is a mess and you want to have it clean. The\nfollowing is the e-mail message from you to a person in the General Affairs\nDepartment.\n\n> \"会議室がとても汚れています。11時までに、清掃をお願いします。\" This is the best and most popular (and\n> formal) expression on business.\n>\n> \"会議室がずいぶん汚れています。・・・\" This one is also OK.\n>\n> \"会議室が大{おお}いに汚れています。・・・\" This one is acceptable but \"おおいに\" is generally for\n> the expression of an emotion. I wouldn't use it for this situation.\n>\n> \"会議室が非常{ひじょう}に汚れています。・・・\" The word \"非常に\" is versatile. It's used widely. I\n> can recommend the use of \"非常に\" for any situation without using set phrases.\n>\n> \"非常に\" と言う言い方は、非常に広く使われます。\n\nThe common expressions,\n\n> Preceding sentence: \"とてもご無沙汰しております\" Long time no see. (I'm not sure but\n> \"とても\" in English here can be \"very\"? Very long time no see.???)\n\n\"おおいに\" is rather suitable for the expression of feeling.\n\n> \"私は、その素晴らしい演奏に、大いに感動した\" I was greatly moved by the performance.",
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| 43486 | null | 43497 |
{
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"body": "> その話は前にも聞いたよ\n\nis translated as\n\n> \"I heard that story before\"\n\nI assume that the subject is implicit, その話 \"that story\" is the topic, 前 is\n\"before\" and 聞いた is the past of hear. What about にも? Why is 前 marked with\nthese particles?",
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"creation_date": "2017-02-13T19:44:31.053",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of にもin その話は前にも聞いたよ。?",
"view_count": 290
} | [
{
"body": "に in 前に can serve as a time marker (as in `その時に`) which would complete the\n\"before\" translation.\n\nも and the ending よ give an additional sense of \"already,\" perhaps multiple\ntimes before. The combined にも can express annoyance.\n\n> 前にもあった：It has happened before.\n>\n> 前にも言ったけど: I've (already) said it before, but...",
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{
"body": "> その話は前に **も** 聞いたよ。\n\nThe も means \"too; also; as well\". 前にも means \"(something happened) before,\n_too_ (as well as now)\". So you'd say 前にも when something that happened before\nis happening again now. Compare:\n\n> * その話は前 **にも** 聞いたよ。 I heard that before, too. / This is not the first\n> time you've told me the story. / This is the second time you're telling me\n> that.\n> * その話は前 **に** 聞いたよ。 I heard that before. / I know the story.\n>\n\nAnother example:\n\n> * その公園には前 **にも** 行ったことがあるよ。 I went to that park before, too. / This is the\n> second time for me to go to that park.\n> * その公園には前 **に** 行ったことがあるよ。 I've been to that park.\n>",
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| 43487 | 43500 | 43495 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43506",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> ここで引くなどご法度\n\nI've read several articles on _nado_ , and have found that it can mean\n'whatnot, and such, etc.' but to me that doesn't make sense here. Can anyone\nhelp with this?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-13T21:16:05.713",
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"id": "43488",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"particle-など"
],
"title": "Meaning of ここで引くなどご法度",
"view_count": 282
} | [
{
"body": "\"ここで引くのはご法度\" is the old-fashioned common phrase.\n\n> \"ここで引くのはご法度\" = \"「ここで引く」と言うことは、ご法度\"\n\nThe meanng \"引く\" of \"引くなどご法度\" is \"to quit.\"\n\n\"ご法度{はっと}\" is \"prohibited matter\".\n\nSo \"引くなどご法度\" means \"Quitting is not allowed.\"\n\n\"ここで\" means \"この場面で\" = \"in this situation\"\n\nIf you quit something, and it shows up your weakness or dishonesty, someone by\nyou or you yourself say \"ここで引くなどご法度.\"\n\nAnyway, it extreamly old-fassioned phrase. Nowadays we just can hear it in the\ndoramatic entertainment.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T02:06:58.587",
"id": "43498",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "> ここで引く **など** ご法度 ≂ ここで引く **なんて** 、ご法度（だ）。\n\nThe など in your example is definition #❸-㋑ in 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> など〘副助詞〙 \n> ❸ 軽んじる気持ちをこめて取り上げる。 \n> ㋑ 《活用語の言い切りの形に付いて、発言や思考の表現を伴って》おおよその内容を、反発の気持ちをこめて示す。「今さら行く **など**\n> と言ってももう遅い。」「許してもらおう **など** という甘い考えは捨てろ。」\n\nIt's a belittling / derogatory suffix, close in meaning and usage to なんて. \nWhen attached to the end-form of 活用語(conjugatable words) and used with a\nquoted remark or an expression of thoughts, it indicates the feeling/emotion\nof opposing, rejecting or denying the preceding part.\n\nご[法度]{はっと} means \"(strictly) forbidden; banned; taboo\", or \"out of the\nquestion\". \nThe 引く here is like \"withdraw; retreat; back out; back down\". \nここで is literally \"here\" or \"in this situation\", but it can mean \"after coming\nthis far\" \"now that it's come to this\" or \"now that we've reached a point of\nno return\".\n\nPut together, ここで引くなどご法度 can mean \"Now that it's come to this, I'm/you're\nnever allowed to withdraw\" / \"I/You can't possibly back down after coming this\nfar\", or more concisely, \"I/You can't back down now.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T06:47:43.167",
"id": "43506",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-16T04:42:56.337",
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"parent_id": "43488",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 43488 | 43506 | 43506 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43501",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Lets say you ask someone 元気, and they reply 元気, but their facial expression\nand body language says somethings wrong. In this scenario what would the\nJapanese equivalent be to asking \"Are you sure?\" or \"Is something bothering\nyou?\"?\n\nAlso, someone told me Japanese speakers would respond in a less contextually\ngeneric way to things like this, with things like physical injury, romantic\ninjury, etc. getting a different response. Is this true? And if so, could\nsomeone elaborate on it for me?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-13T21:41:51.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43489",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-14T03:20:30.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"conversational"
],
"title": "How do you say \"Are you sure?\"",
"view_count": 10476
} | [
{
"body": "Accordint to your situaion.\n\n> A: 元気？ How are you? \n> B: 元気（だよ）！ I'm fine! \n> But A feels B looks like having blues.\n\nI'm not sure but in this situation, can A ask B \"Are you sure?\" ? in English.\nIf B is down on the floor saying \"I'm fine!\", I'll ask B \"Are you sure?\"\n\nIf B just looks having blues saying \"I'm fine!\", I'd like to say \"Really but\nyou looks out of sprits,\" \"そう？本当に元気？元気じゃないみたいに見えるけど・・・\"\n\nIf B is your intimate friend, B tells the full story, but if you are just one\nof acquaintances, B don't want to tell much. I think it doesn't depend on the\nnationality.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T02:48:51.617",
"id": "43499",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-14T02:48:51.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19219",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> In this scenario what would the Japanese equivalent be to asking \"Are you\n> sure?\" or \"Is something bothering you?\"?\n\nI would say:\n\n> 「ホントに？」 (Are you sure? / Really?) \n> 「ホントに大丈夫？」 (Are you sure you're okay?) \n> 「どうかしたの？」 (Is something bothering you? / Is there something wrong?) \n> 「どうしたの？」 (What's wrong?)\n\n* * *\n\n> Japanese speakers would respond in a less contextually generic way to things\n> like this, with things like physical injury, romantic injury, etc. getting a\n> different response. Is this true?\n\nI would respond the same way (like 「ホントに(大丈夫)？」「どう(か)したの？」 ) in either\nsituation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T03:20:30.363",
"id": "43501",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-14T03:20:30.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "43489",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 43489 | 43501 | 43501 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "43502",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do you say that there is a thing (e.g.: Restaurant ) in a certain place\n(e.g.: My town)? Is there a formula for this?\n\nIf someone were to ask me if there was a restaurant in my city they would say\nあなたの町に日本のレストランがありますか。\n\nThey would use the particle が but in my answer do I use は? And does that have\nto be in the beginning of the phrase or can I put it after the location (に\nparticle)?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T00:08:19.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43490",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-02-14T00:30:33.793",
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"owner_user_id": "19850",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"syntax",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "How to say \"There is (A) in (B)(Location).\"",
"view_count": 3239
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, there are formulae.\n\nFirst of all, you have to understand that `は` is a topic particle and particle\n`が` emphasis on what comes before it.\n\n> Formula 1: Noun は Place に あります. \n> Example : アメリカのレストラン は どこ に ありますか？\n>\n> Formula 2: Place には Noun が あります. \n> Example : 東京 には アメリカのレストラン が あります.\n\n**Usage of formula 1 and 2:**\n\n> If a specific place is the topic >> use formula 2 (東京 には ~) \n> If noun (you wanna talk about) is the topic >> use formula 1 (アメリカのレストラン は\n> ~ )\n\nTake a look at [Using location words with Subject/topic\nmarkers](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28288/using-location-\nwords-with-subject-topic-markers) \n\"Objects can also be the topic of a sentence (には, では, へは), but objects can't\nbe the subject of a sentence\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T00:42:59.860",
"id": "43493",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-14T02:22:11.463",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "For \"There is a Japanese restaurant in my city\", I'd say:\n\n> 私の町 **には** [日本食]{にほんしょく}のレストラン **が** あります。\n\n［Place］には［Thing］があります。\n\n(\"Japanese restaurant\" can also be\n日本食の[店]{みせ}、[日本料理]{にほんりょうり}のレストラン、日本料理の[店]{みせ}、[日本料理店]{にほんりょうりてん}、[和食]{わしょく}の[店]{みせ}、和食のレストラン,\netc.)\n\nFor \"Is there a Japanese restaurant in your town?\", I'd say:\n\n> あなたの町 **に** 日本食のレストラン **は** ありますか？\n\n［Place］に［Thing］はありますか？\n\n* * *\n\nAddressing [this\ncomment](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43490/how-to-say-there-\nis-a-in-blocation/43502#comment80341_43493):\n\nWhen asked 「あなたの町には何がありますか？」(What's in your town?), you'd reply:\n\n> （私の町 **には** ）和食のレストラン **が** あります。\n\n［Place］には［Thing］があります。\n\nThis is literally like \"As for my town, a Japanese restaurant is there.\" \nUse the topical は for old/known/given information, and が for new/important\ninformation.\n\nWhen asked 「和食のレストランはどこにありますか？」(Where's a Japanese restaurant?), you'd reply:\n\n> （和食のレストラン **は** ）私の町 **に** あります。\n\n［Thing］は［Place］にあります。\n\nThis is literally like \"As for a Japanese restaurant, there's one in my town.\" \nUse the topical は for old/known/given information.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T04:19:01.013",
"id": "43502",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
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]
| 43490 | 43502 | 43502 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are there any flash cards, apps, or anything else that show at least two\nversions of each character side by side? (For example, a brush-stroke-like\nfont and a common computer font.)\n\nI'm in the process of learning hiragana and beginning level kanji. Several\ntimes I have thought I had learned what a hiragana letter or a kanji character\nlooked like only to discover that I couldn't recognize it at all in a\ndifferent font. (For example, the kanji 人 for person looks very different to\nme when I see it done in brush strokes and when I see a common computer font\nversion. The hiragana that's romanized as ki gave me the same problem.)\n\nHow did you handle this issue as you learned?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T00:29:48.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43491",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-16T09:36:30.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"hiragana",
"learning"
],
"title": "How can one review hiragana or kanji in both a computer font and a brushed style?",
"view_count": 530
} | [
{
"body": "There are a number of websites that show stroke order of a\n(psuedo-)handwritten kanji with brush strokes. See [this\none](http://jisho.org/search/%23kanji%20%E6%BC%A2) and [this\none](http://www.yamasa.cc/ocjs/kanjidic.nsf/SortedByKanji2THEnglish/%E5%BF%85).\nI recommend watching the animation - it's fun!\n\nThe android app oBenkyo lets you practise handwriting kanji and gives you a\nhandwritten model to copy while showing a printed version as well.\n\nA google search of [kanji\nphotos](https://www.google.com.au/search?q=kanji%20photos&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji6PeTq_vTAhVLp5QKHVqkDxw4ChD8BQgKKAE&biw=1440&bih=772)\nwill give you unsorted list of handwritten forms. They can be enjoyable to\nbrowse sometimes.\n\nIf you have a Japanese IME installed, you can download [handwritten\nfonts](http://www.freejapanesefont.com/category/handwriting/), which will\nallow you to experiment with reading different handwritten styles.\n\nUnfortunately, it's very difficult to expose yourself to every type of\nhandwritten form without spending an inordinate amount of time - I certainly\ndon't recommend it! To tell the truth, though I have little trouble reading\nprinted kanji or kana, sometimes people's handwritten kanji can be a nightmare\nto read - though, to be fair, I have a similar problem in English - try\nreading my mother's (English) handwriting!\n\nAs you become more familiar with kanji, in written or printed form, you will\nrecognise the shapes more quickly and naturally, and as a result, handwritten\nkanji be will much, much easier to read. You won't have to spend so much\nenergy trying to remember the kanji filed somewhere in your memory, which will\nfree you up and make recognition of variations sharper. Whatever way you do\nit, it takes practice. I have been through the same situation, so I know\nexactly what you're going through.\n\nSo, the simple answer is, stick with your practice, and by all means, expose\nyourself to the stroke order diagrams for comparison. Of course, if you can\nhave fun or make it meaningful, that will be good for your motivation and for\nlaying down a solid memory.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-19T06:40:48.280",
"id": "47572",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-19T06:40:48.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 43491 | null | 47572 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen 体 used a few times where I think it's not referring to the literal\ntranslation of 'body', looking at a dictionary I can see there are other\ndefinitions for example:\n\n> 体(たい) substance; identity; reality\n\nI've recently read a line of a Japanese story where 体 was used, but in my mind\nI felt it was perhaps referring to ' personality rather than 'body' quite\nliterally. I thought perhaps it was being used in the same way as 性格. (I can't\nremember the line word for word in Japanese but in English my translation was\n\"they have different 'bodies' but share the same experiences\" and the kanji 体\nwas there)\n\nThe fact that the word identity is listed as a definition makes me think my\nassertion that it could be referring to personality, is correct.\n\nHowever I'm wary of using dictionary definitions without understanding what\ncontext it can be used in. And the word identity has a broad spectrum of\nconnotations.\n\nAm i right in thinking that 体 can indeed be referring to someone's character\nor personality and not 'body' in the literal sense?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T00:33:36.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43492",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-14T01:15:29.057",
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"owner_user_id": "19851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Can 体 be synonymous with a word like 性格 in some cases?",
"view_count": 119
} | [
{
"body": "I must say that the answer is **yes** (at least roughly).\n\n「体」, when it is read 「たい」, can mean \" **things that constitute the true nature\nof a person/thing** \". So, it is about a \"true character\" rather than just a\n\"character\" that 「体」 could refer to.\n\nThere is a well-known saying:\n\n> 「名{な}は体{たい}を表{あらわ}す」,\n\nwhich is often translated into English as:\n\n> \"Names and natures do often agree.\"\n\n(Actually, the English version might be the original in this case. I am not\nwell-read enough to know.)\n\nI do know, however, that this was a very good question.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T01:15:29.057",
"id": "43496",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-14T01:15:29.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "43492",
"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 43492 | null | 43496 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to say:\n\n> My brother does not use headphones and earpieces **because he finds them\n> uncomfortable.**\n\nAnd the basic sentence structure I have in mind is:\n\n> 兄は **(reason)** からヘッドフォンやイヤフォンを使わない。\n\nBut I'm not sure how to phrase the \"finds them uncomfortable\" part as I'm not\nsure what word/phrase can express this correctly. I found words like\n気｛き｝詰｛づ｝まり, 気｛き｝味｛み｝悪｛わる｝い etc in the dictionary but they all seem to deal\nwith the emotional aspect of comfort, such as feeling safe, calm etc. I'm\nlooking for words that refer to physical discomfort, in this context, because\nheadphones are too heavy, stuffy, bulky etc.\n\nCan those words be also used for describing this physical discomfort, or are\nthere better words to express this situation?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T05:56:30.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "43503",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-14T06:28:31.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "\"Uncomfortable\" in the physical sense",
"view_count": 879
} | [
{
"body": "The best expression I could think of for that situation would be:\n\n> 「着{つ}け心地{ごこち}が悪{わる}い」\n\nI could not think of a better one for describing discomfort with headphones,\nearpieces, etc.\n\nNeither 「気詰まり」 nor 「気味悪い」 would work here **at all**. They do not even come\nclose.\n\nYou could also use:\n\n> 「着けていて心地よくない」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-02-14T06:21:53.220",
"id": "43504",
"last_activity_date": "2017-02-14T06:28:31.893",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-14T06:28:31.893",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "43503",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 43503 | null | 43504 |
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