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stringlengths 1
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "44207",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a name for a speech impediment like this where, for lack of a better\ndescription, it sounds like you're talking after you've bitten your tongue?\n\n### 「いだだきまあず」 → いただきます\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9Mmxr.jpg)\n\n### 「ごぢぞうざまでぢだあ」 → ごちそうさまでした\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pspNA.jpg)\n\n[Here's the video](https://youtu.be/-ktqEPdOz1s?t=6m23s) I took the\nscreenshots from, but the audio doesn't completely match the words on the\nscreen. (Also, I couldn't figure out how to link between a particular start\nand end time on the video.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T04:48:01.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44111",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-11T03:18:26.280",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-07T17:07:38.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"terminology"
],
"title": "Speech impediment - slurred speech",
"view_count": 463
} | [
{
"body": "There is a word\n[鼻声【はなごえ】](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/178286/meaning/m0u/), which is\nunderstood by all native speakers. Exaggerated examples would be:\n\n> * がぜびぎまじだぁ （風邪引きましたぁ）\n> * [あ゛あ゛あ゛](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32622/5010)、ごめんなざい～\n> （ごめんなさい～）\n>\n\nBut this usually refers to a temporary symptom of a normal human being.\n\nFor a yokai like this, I would use 鼻の詰まったような声, 鼻にかかったような声,\n[くぐもった](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/60868/meaning/m0u/)声,\n[こもった](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/82367/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%93%E3%82%82%E3%82%8B/)声\nor 濁った声. You can use 常に濁音で喋る although this doesn't look technical at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T16:22:11.017",
"id": "44207",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-11T03:18:26.280",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44111",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44111 | 44207 | 44207 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44118",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "皆さん、こんばんは！\n\nWhat is the 日本語 equivalent of saying the semi-set-phrase(or whatever you call\nset-phrases with parts you can fill in) \"Wipe them off the map\"?\n\nLike when you say \"North Korea knows that if they threaten the economy of\nJapan, the USA wouldn't be above just wiping them off the map\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T04:53:57.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44112",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T13:51:41.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"set-phrases",
"phrases",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "What's the 日本語 equivalent of \"Wipe them off the map\"?",
"view_count": 371
} | [
{
"body": "I suppose it depends on how you go around doing it. \nBut a term that I fancy and seems to fit well in this situation would be\n\n> [全滅]{ぜんめつ}させる",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T06:12:28.313",
"id": "44116",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T13:51:41.237",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-06T13:51:41.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "44112",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "There is an exact word for this in Japanese, \"地図から消し去る\" which is actually a\ndirect translation of \"Wipe them off the map\" but quite common.\n\n> アメリカが本気になれば北朝鮮を地図から消し去るのに10日とかからないだろう。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T06:52:41.677",
"id": "44118",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T06:52:41.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20162",
"parent_id": "44112",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 44112 | 44118 | 44118 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44119",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Let me describe the scenario first so you can get the nuance better. I was\nlooking for a new apartment from several agents. An agent \"A\" to which I will\nrefer for the following explanation provided me with services such as\nsearching for several apartments that conforms to my budget, bringing me to\nlook at the apartments, etc. It was on Friday. As no apartments satisfied me,\nthe staff will provide me with other options in the next Monday.\n\nAs I have no time to wait, I go to other agents and I found an apartment on\nSaturday. Sunday afternoon, there was a call from the agent A saying, when you\nwill come tomorrow? My reply is as follows:\n\n> 大変申し訳ありません。新しいアパートを見つけてしまいましたので・・・\n\nAnd his respond is\n\n> オッケーです\n\n# Question\n\nHow polite is おっけーです when it is said by the shop staff to a customer?\n\nIs there any feel of disappointment in this context?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T05:22:34.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44113",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T11:20:54.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How polite is おっけーです when it is said by the shop staff to a customer?",
"view_count": 2500
} | [
{
"body": "To my disappointment, the agent A is not polite at all to you provided that\nyou and him/her is not so close and you spoke to him in exact keigo your\ndialogue shows.\n\nI would reply 'あぁ、そうでしたか。そうしましたら、またご縁があれば私どもを是非ご利用くださいませ。blah blah.\n\nIf I were his/her boss and saw he/she speaking in such inadequate wording to\ncustomers, I might well fire him/her.\n\nオッケーです。is kind of okay to say to close coworkers, or subordinates but never to\ncustomers or guests.\n\nOf course it hinges on context or situation, basically I do not want to hear\nオッケー in business situations because it easily conveys some ambiguity to the\nlisteners.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T06:00:56.030",
"id": "44114",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T11:20:54.880",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-06T11:20:54.880",
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"owner_user_id": "19858",
"parent_id": "44113",
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},
{
"body": "It is not overly formal, but it is not impolite. I'd say it is on the friendly\nside. So unless there was some hint in the way they said it to indicate that\nthey were disappointed, I'd not think twice about it.\n\nIt would be inappropriate if the setting called for very formal language, but\nI've never found interactions with real estate agents to be that way. They are\ntrying to build rapport with you in general, so it is usually a much less\nformal setting than customer interactions where no relationship is required.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T06:04:28.003",
"id": "44115",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T06:19:23.760",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-06T06:19:23.760",
"last_editor_user_id": "20160",
"owner_user_id": "20160",
"parent_id": "44113",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "オッケーです on its own does not have a feel of disappointment. It's just \"I\nunderstood\" or \"okay,\" which can be said with or without disappointment. (But\nwriting it with hiragana (おっけーです) is only acceptable in a chat with your close\nfriends. You _heard_ it, right?)\n\nオッケーです is relatively colloquial and casual. It's definitely inappropriate if\nthis is said by a receptionist of a luxury hotel you visit for the first time.\nBut some experts like real estate agents and physicians tend to drop keigo (at\nleast very formal ones) fairly quickly once you are familiar with them. Saying\nオッケーです with a smile is not necessarily a bad word choice.\n\nAnother possibility is that he just tried to speak in easy Japanese. We all\nknow keigo is difficult. Depending on how fluent you are, people may avoid\nusing difficult keigo like 承知致しました even in a business setting.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T06:55:51.193",
"id": "44119",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T06:55:51.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44113",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 44113 | 44119 | 44119 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44121",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "医学 「いがく」 seems to be the field of medicine\n\n医術 「いじゅつ」 might be another word for the field of medicine?\n\n薬 「くすり」 is the word I found listed most often.\n\nHowever, I also saw 医薬 「いやく」 and 薬剤 「やくざい」 but don't know what the differences\nbetween these words are.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T07:42:30.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44120",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T12:11:36.510",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-06T12:11:36.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the most common word for medicine? (the physical substances, not the field of study)",
"view_count": 279
} | [
{
"body": "No comparison; Go with 「薬{くすり}」 or 「お薬」 as a patient or someone on the\npatient's side. It is hard to beat kun-yomi words in intuitiveness.\n\n「医薬」 and 「薬剤」 are too technical/academic for everyday conversations unless you\nare a medical professional.\n\n「医学」 and 「医術」 do not even mean 「薬」 in the first place. Those words refer to\nthe study/field of Medicine.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T07:52:40.703",
"id": "44121",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T09:08:43.230",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-06T09:08:43.230",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "44120",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 44120 | 44121 | 44121 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44123",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "鳴く seems to be the bark, cry, etc. of animals, and 泣く seems to be crying,\nweeping, etc. of humans (at any rate, associated with pain, sadness, etc.).\nHowever, when a dog in pain whines or howls, which of the two will be used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T07:57:53.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44122",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T12:17:33.477",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-06T12:17:33.477",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18189",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"kanji-choice",
"animals"
],
"title": "When a dog in pain whines or howls, is it 「泣いている」 or 「鳴いている」?",
"view_count": 272
} | [
{
"body": "Technically speaking, that would still be 「鳴く」.\n\nBut as an animal lover or pet owner in that particular situation, you might\npersonify the dog out of empathy and end up choosing 「泣く」. That would not be\nconsidered an \"incorrect\" usage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T08:07:03.387",
"id": "44123",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T08:07:03.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "44122",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 44122 | 44123 | 44123 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44127",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I sometimes see the days of the week written without 日. Are there specific\nreasons on when 日would not be used?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T11:57:10.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44125",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T13:05:08.647",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is there a reason for the days of the week being written and pronounced without the 日?",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "That's a informal way of saying.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 月曜にまた会おう\n\nThis sentence gives listeners a friendly-impression. So you can't say 月曜, 火曜,\n水曜, … to your boss.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T12:53:44.700",
"id": "44127",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T12:53:44.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "44125",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44125 | 44127 | 44127 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44162",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have noticed that こんにちわ and こんにちは can be spelled differently and have the\nsame meaning. Does this occur with any other character combinations at the end\nof words?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T14:25:35.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44128",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-10T04:05:15.700",
"last_edit_date": "2017-08-10T04:05:15.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"orthography",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "Can any other characters besides は and わ be used interchangeably at the end of words?",
"view_count": 507
} | [
{
"body": "こんばんは/こんばんわ is the only case I am aware of that shares this distinction, but I\nthink using は is probably more common. It's more \"correct,\" at least, though\npeople will probably call me a terrible prescriptive grammarian for saying\nthat.\n\nEDIT: I didn't mention this earlier because I thought you could infer it, but\njust in case: The reason they are interchangeable in these contexts is because\nは is being used as the topic marker particle here, where it is normally\npronounced わ. So it's not strictly part of the word.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T18:17:52.740",
"id": "44136",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T01:43:05.553",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-07T01:43:05.553",
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"owner_user_id": "9596",
"parent_id": "44128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "No, the vast majority of word-end わ are not interchangeable with は.\n\nA few words contain **は read as わ ( _wa_ )** as part of the word.\n\n * こんにちは (\"hello\"; read as こんにちわ)\n * こんばんは (\"good evening\"; read as こんばんわ)\n * では (\"now\", \"so\", \"then\"; read as でわ)\n * それでは (\"now\", \"so\", \"then\"; read as それでわ)\n * ならでは (\"unique to ～\", \"only found in ～\"; read as ならでわ)\n\nThey are spelled as such because these ～は are etymologically the topic\nparticle は. In formal and proper writings, these **must** be written as ～は.\nFor example, see: [Why is konnichiwa spelt\nこんにちは?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3761/5010)\n\nIn casual writings, however, some young people find it cute (or cool,\nfriendly, or whatever) to write them as ～わ, as they are actually pronounced.\nIt's like English speakers spelling \"you\" as \"u\"; everyone knows it's wrong\nbut can't help doing so because it looks somewhat nice in certain situations.\nKeep in mind they are absolutely inappropriate in formal writings, and do it\nonly when you know what you are doing.\n\nOf course there are also many words that end with は and read as ～は (\"ha\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T07:16:08.883",
"id": "44162",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T07:21:54.727",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 44128 | 44162 | 44162 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44130",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've heard more than a couple of times when Japanese natives speaking English\nuse \"next-next week\" expressesion to describe \"the week after the next\". I\ncan't come up with an explanation where that strange expression comes from -\nafter all the Japanese word 再来週 contains no repetition.\n\nAny thoughts?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T14:29:42.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44129",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T14:37:10.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1397",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Origins of the \"next-next week\" expression",
"view_count": 1540
} | [
{
"body": "An easy question for a Japanese-speaker..\n\nThe reason that some Japanese say \"next-next week\" would be none other than\nthe fact that when we explain what 「再来週{さらいしゅう}」 means to small kids, we often\nsay that it means 「次{つぎ}の次の週{しゅう}」.\n\nSo, instead of trying to literally translate 「再来週」 kanji by kanji, which is\nnot too easy, some people will end up literally translating 「次の次の週」 and come\nup with \"next-next week\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T14:37:10.327",
"id": "44130",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T14:37:10.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "44129",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44129 | 44130 | 44130 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44159",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is a conversation excerpt:\n\n> (娘) 初めて貰った花束がお別れの花束なんて悲しい。 \n> (母)この前の誕生日に **バラの花を** 貰ったでしょう。\n\n\"バラの花\" seems redundant to me. There is no reason to state that a rose is a\nflower. Does\n\n> (母)この前の誕生日に **バラを** 貰ったでしょう。\n\nalso sound natural?\n\nIf \"...バラを貰った...\" does not sound natural, then my conjecture: \n(-) \"バラの花束\" definitely means more than one rose. \n(-) Maybe does \"バラの花\" explicitly means just one rose? \n(-) And, \"バラ\" by itself could mean one, or many, roses?\n\n**note** : That the daughter had initially received just one rose last year,\ninstead of a bouquet, was central to the larger discussion that they were\nhaving.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T15:11:50.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44131",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T05:41:03.887",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-06T16:04:24.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "19942",
"owner_user_id": "19942",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Why did the speaker say \"バラの花を貰った\" instead of just \"バラを貰った\"?",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "バラ can refer to the rosebush, not just the rose. The term developed from older\nform 茨{うばら}, which referred generally to brambles and other thorny shrubs.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T20:13:23.783",
"id": "44138",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T20:13:23.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "44131",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "誕生日にバラの花を貰った and 誕生日にバラを貰った are both natural, and people usually imagine\nexactly the same thing. Both can mean ether one rose or or a bouquet. In this\nsense, yes, ～の花 is redundant.\n\nBut many people add ～の花 anyway. It's hard to logically explain why, but\nperhaps it's just because it's a very common and nice way of putting it. We\nsee バラの花 in ads, lyrics and everywhere, and virtually no one wonders if it's\nunnecessarily long.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T05:41:03.887",
"id": "44159",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T05:41:03.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44131",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44131 | 44159 | 44159 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44135",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was having a discussion with someone over the sentence\n\n私 **の** 作った絵を使った! (He) used the drawing I made\n\nI have never seen the possessive の being used as NOUN + の + VERB (only N+の+N)\nso I insisted the sentence should be written as\n\n私 **が** 作った絵を使った\n\nWho is correct here? Is the \"NOUN + possessive の + VERB\" construction a valid\none to make?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T17:45:50.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44134",
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"owner_user_id": "20170",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"particle-の",
"possession"
],
"title": "possessive の with a verb",
"view_count": 300
} | [
{
"body": "Hopefully I will be able to clarify this to you.\n\nThe の between 私 and 作った絵 makes perfect sense if you look at the verb as you\nwould look at a modifier/adjective.\n\nFew examples:\n\n買った本 - book that was bought 書いた手紙 - letter that was written 走っている子供 - child\nthat is running\n\nEven though, you're using a verb, it acts and modifies the noun as an\nadjective, that's why you can treat it as a noun phrase.\n\nHopefully you got it by now. If you need some more help, let me know :)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T18:08:54.837",
"id": "44135",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
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| 44134 | 44135 | 44135 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44152",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Garbage trucks have devices that make musical sounds attached to them and I am\nunable to locate the term. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T20:05:49.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44137",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T06:04:07.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What are the musical sounds that are heard from garbage trucks called?",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "I do not think there is a specific name for those melodies (I know them well,\nand hated them as they used to wake me up twice a week when I lived in\nKanagawa-ken :) ).\n\nThey also seem not to be a standard, but to depend on the area and the\nspecific town/neighborhood.\n\n[This](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%94%E3%81%BF%E5%8F%8E%E9%9B%86%E8%BB%8A)\nWikipedia article simply refers to them as 電子音{でんしおん}のメロディ ( \"electronic\nmelody\"). In particular, quote:\n\n> また、日本の一部の地方自治体やアジア諸国などでは、周りの人々に気付いてもらいやすいように、電子音のメロディを鳴らしながらごみを回収する事例もある\n\n[This](http://www.o-uccino.jp/article/archive/omoshiro/063_20151215_gomi/) is\nanother article that explains how these melodies really seem to depend on the\narea and town (as well as the fact that the trucks make a sound at all). Also\nin this article, I don't seem to find any specific word to describe this\nsound. It is broadly referred to as 音楽{おんがく}.\n\nThis article also report some commonly used melodies such as:\n「赤とんぼ」,「草競馬」,「乙女の祈り」, and 「エリーゼのために」 (some of these are also referred in the\nWikipedia article above).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T01:47:48.703",
"id": "44152",
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{
"body": "So do the forklifts or other heavy machinery at some works or factories to get\npeople's awareness.\n\nI didn't know the specific term for the music so I looked up and got\nthis.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FyfO9.png)\n\nThe questioner uses '前進メロディー' , which totally makes sense to me in this\ncontext but like the answer goes it's not a common word.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T06:04:07.447",
"id": "44160",
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"score": 0
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]
| 44137 | 44152 | 44152 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44140",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I see the を particle is used with the verb, but I don't know how it works in\nthe sentence. Is it:\n\nわたしはこうえんでわたしのいぬのしゃしんをとりました。\n\nOr:\n\nわたしはこうえんでわたしのいぬをとりました。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T20:46:44.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44139",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-03-07T01:50:13.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19886",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"nouns",
"past"
],
"title": "Using とる to say I took a picture of my dog in the park",
"view_count": 6123
} | [
{
"body": "Go with your first example. とる literally just means \"take\". So in your second\nsentence, you say \"I took my dog at the park.\" Which sounds as odd in Japanese\nas it does in English. :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T21:24:29.407",
"id": "44140",
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{
"body": "The former is the full sentence without any ambiguity. [とる has a lot of\nmeanings](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8B) (including 捕る \"to\ncapture\" and 盗る \"to steal\"). You have to specify which とる you are using in\nsome way or another.\n\nYou can use the latter sentence if the context makes it clear that you're\ntalking about photos. You don't have to say 写真【しゃしん】(を) again and again.\n\n> **A** : しゃしんはすきですか？ _Do you like photography?_ \n> **B** : はい。きのうはこうえんでいぬをとりました。 _Yes. Yesterday I took photos of my dog at a\n> park._\n\nAnd as you can see, とる has lots of kanji, and the kanji for \"to take (a\nphoto)\" is [撮る](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%92%AE%E3%82%8B), which is specific\nenough. So in written Japanese you can simply write like this:\n\n> 私【わたし】は公園【こうえん】で犬【いぬ】を撮【と】りました。 \n> I took a picture of a dog at the park.\n\nSee Also: [What's with all the possible kanji for\nとる?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17439/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T16:06:17.553",
"id": "44206",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44139",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44139 | 44140 | 44140 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44164",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "On the 100th anniversary of the first anime 東京国立近代美術館フィルムセンター said:\n\n> **どうしたら** このアニメがこれから１００年残っていくか考えてほしいと思います \n> ??? We want you think about how these anime will be here 100 years from\n> now.\n\nMy translation is unnatural. I'm having trouble understanding how どうしたら works\nin this sentence, and what it means. Normally when I see どうしたら it either goes\nwith いい or with a verb in potential form. I can't understand what 'how' is\nreferring to here.\n\nCome to think of it, I'm not too sure about 残っていく either. 'to go on remaining'\n= 'to survive' maybe?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T21:28:57.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44141",
"last_activity_date": "2017-11-01T13:49:10.640",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"questions",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Understanding どうしたら",
"view_count": 2117
} | [
{
"body": "> どうしたらこのアニメがこれから１００年残っていくか\n>\n> = Doing what will lead to this anime surviving for 100 years?\n\nAlthough the above sounds a bit odd in English, it might help to think of\nどうしたら as meaning \"by doing what?\"\n\nYou mention seeing どうしたら with いい. Perhaps, for example, どうしたらいいですか. In natural\nEnglish this would often be written as \"what should I do?\" but more literally\nyou can think of it as \"doing what would be good?\"\n\nYour understanding of 残っていく sounds good to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T22:12:55.080",
"id": "44143",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-06T22:12:55.080",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10407",
"parent_id": "44141",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "First, let us pretend for a moment that the sentence is:\n\n> 「 **こう** したら、このアニメはこれから１００年残{ねんのこ}っていくだろう。」\n\nDo you feel comfortable with this sentence? It means:\n\n> \" **If one did this** , this anime would survive for the next 100 years.\"\n\nWhat to do to make it survive a long time must have already been discussed in\nthe conversation, mustn't it? That is why you can say 「 **こう** したら」.\n\nThis is all about the famous こそあど. If you have a word starting with こ、そ or あ,\nthen a \"what\", \"how\", \"where\", etc. has already been mentioned or discussed in\nconcrete terms in the conversation. If it has **not** yet been discussed, and\nyou want to talk about it, that is when you use a **ど** ｰword. So, you have a\n「 **どう** 」 this time.\n\nBack to the original sentence..\n\n> 「 **どうしたら** このアニメがこれから１００年残っていくか考{かんが}えてほしいと思{おも}います。」\n\n「どうしたら」 is, of course, a conditional phrase, which is actually difficult to\ntranslate by itself. It literally means \" **If one did what** \". The sentence\nis talking about \"what to do\" or \"what should one do\" to make the anime last\nlong. Are you following?\n\n「どうしたら」 modifies 「残っていく」. ← Important \" **what to do (so that) it will\nsurvive** \"\n\n> \"I can't understand what 'how' is referring to here.\"\n\nThis statement worries me somewhat. Forget \" **how** \"; That is just your\nliteral translation of 「どう」. Instead, you would need to get used to the highly\ncommon collocation of 「 **どう + する** 」 to mean \"do what\", \"what to do\", etc.\n\n「 **どう** しよう！」= \" **What** should I do?\"\n\n「 **どう** したの？」 = \" **What** happened?\"\n\nThose phrases should sound familiar to anyone who has been studying Japanese\nover 6 months or so.\n\nThe reason that the sentence in question seems difficult to comprehend,\naccording to me, is the fact that it has not only a very long object but the\nobject contains within itself a mini-sentence consisting of a condition and\nconsequence. The object of the sentence is:\n\n> 「どうしたらこのアニメがこれから１００年残っていくか」\n\nThat is what the speaker/author wants you to think about。\n\n> 「(Object) + （を） + 考えてほしいと思います。」\n\n「を」 is not used, but it can be.\n\n> \"I would like you to think about (what should be done/what you should\n> do/what to do) so that this anime continues to survive the next 100 years.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T14:19:41.230",
"id": "44164",
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"score": 12
}
]
| 44141 | 44164 | 44164 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44150",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While I was flipping through a kanji dictionary (2013's Kodansha KLD), I came\nacross 耶{や} , which in the book, said it was the interrogative particle か.\nHowever, after a bit more research, it doesn't seem to yield anything outside\nof Chinese; is it nowadays no longer used as an interrogative particle, or\njust not used at all?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T21:36:55.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44142",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T00:35:48.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-か"
],
"title": "Does 耶 still hold any value in Japanese?",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "If you want an honest answer, it has little to no value in the modern\nJapanese-speaking world.\n\nFor the vast majority of Japanese-speakers, 「耶{や} 」 is just a kanji for that\nsyllable used in some girls' names.\n\nUnless one is a kanji scholar or one just wants to nitpick for the heck of it,\n「耶」 has no other use in modern Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T00:35:48.107",
"id": "44150",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44142 | 44150 | 44150 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44151",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am working with some Japanese authors and doing translations of their works,\nand in communicating with them I have frequently run into the need to ask them\nto review my translation _if_ they have sufficient English skills.\n\nThe issue here is that I think the average Japanese person has some English\nskills, but I am not sure each author can comprehend enough to be of any use\nin the review process. I want to say this in a polite (probably indirect way),\nwithout upsetting them.\n\nMy first crack at this would be the below:\n\n```\n\n 〜さんの英語力はよく分かりませんが、よかったら英訳を校正していただけないでしょうか？\n \n```\n\nHowever I think this is not necessarily the most natural phrasing, and may be\nalso considered rude. Another more indirect way could be:\n\n```\n\n ある程度の英語力は必要ですが、よかったら英訳を校正していただけないでしょうか？\n \n```\n\nAlso, probably unnatural. One more that is even less direct:\n\n```\n\n ご興味があれば、英訳の校正の方も是非手伝って頂きたいと思います。\n \n```\n\nI am guessing that it will be hard for me to find a polite expression if I\nchoose to explicitly say \"if you know English well enough\".\n\nIf anyone can offer any suggestions on whether it would be safe to use the\nabove phrases, or can offer any more appropriate ones, I'd appreciate it.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T22:31:52.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44144",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-09T01:34:51.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Asking about a touchy subject: English ability",
"view_count": 286
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think there is any language in which these kind of sentences would not\nbe very rude.\n\nIt's like if I told you in English :\n\n> I don't know if you are good enough, but....\n\nYou are translating their work, they want it to look good. \nSo just ask them if they want to review it or not. \nIf they say no, it is because they don't believe it will do any good with\ntheir level of understanding of the English language. \nIf they are confident in their capabilities, they will accept... Most likely.\n\nIf you are not getting paid, I don't think you should worry too much but if\nyou are getting paid, asking them to review your translation might in some\ncases gives the image that you cannot do what you were paid for properly. \nThe end result is in English and you are the best placed to know if it is good\nor not. If you have a doubt, it means that you think you didn't comprehend the\nJapanese text properly. \nYou should note these down, and clarify these part only with them(They don't\nneed English skills for that). \nBe careful not to ask them about doubts that only rely on Japanese skills, you\nshould search about these yourself. Only ask to clarify complicated things\nrelating to their work, company or very advanced area of expertise.(No shame\nin wanting to properly understand how to explain about rocket propulsion\nsystem work etc...).\n\nI did do some translating jobs for a traveling company for about a year, but\nstopped because of all the headaches. Translating bus stop names from the\ncountry side that cannot be googled and that none of my Japanese co-workers\ncould read was killing me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T01:24:09.360",
"id": "44151",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T02:13:01.250",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-07T02:13:01.250",
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I came across this and, while I agree with stack reader's answer, there is an\nalternative here: Why not ask them to suggest someone to perform the review?\n\nIf worded carefully, it can contain the invitation to perform the review\nthemselves if they feel up to it, without pushing them to decide on it. It\nalso opens the opportunity for them to choose a party they feel is well-versed\nenough in both languages and is trustworthy in producing a pleasing result. I\nbelieve your expectation is to have a Japanese native-level speaker review an\nEnglish translation, provided their English skill is sufficient to determine\nthat the translation could be accurate.\n\nSince you're the one doing the translation, you may open the question\nsuggesting that the reason you are doing this is for the benefit and\nconfirmation of the person for whom you're performing the translation, and not\nbecause you feel the translation is of dubious quality. So then, why not try:\n\n> 英訳は「～」さんや他の日本語と英語がよく分かります方々を証明するのがご興味があれば、ぜひその方々を進めてお願いいたします。\n\n...or something to this effect. I realize my Japanese is also poor to properly\nconstruct an efficient sentence for this specific case, but I hope the basic\nidea permeates.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-01-09T01:34:51.690",
"id": "64792",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-09T01:34:51.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 1
}
]
| 44144 | 44151 | 44151 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44149",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "参加{さんか} and 加盟{かめい} are both translated as participation. Are these two words\ncompletely interchangeable or is there some nuance in their usage?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-06T22:41:21.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44145",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T00:23:50.843",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-usage",
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "Is there any difference in usage between 参加 and 加盟?",
"view_count": 85
} | [
{
"body": "「参加」 is an extremely broad term that can refer to participation in any kind of\ngathering, event, trip, etc. from the very informal to the somewhat formal. It\nhas a nuance of \"to join in\".\n\n「加盟」 is a more formal word than 「参加」. You **_do not_** 加盟する in a takoyaki\nparty at a friend's house or a picnic at the park. You can only 参加する in those.\n\n「加盟」 generally refers to the \"official\" participation in a business- or\npolitics-related association where all kinds of obligations and benefits can\naccrue. There is a more serious and long-term commitment implied by 「加盟」.\n\n「参加」 can be used to describe a more non-serious, shorter-term (often one time\nonly) type of participation.\n\nFor these reasons, careful speakers would rarely use 「参加」 and 「加盟」\ninterchangeably.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T00:23:50.843",
"id": "44149",
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"score": 8
}
]
| 44145 | 44149 | 44149 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44156",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I've found a lot of ways to describe sex, but can someone point me to the verb\nor verb phrase used to describe having sex in a way that isn't dirty, you\nknow: \"to have sex.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T00:05:15.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44146",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T09:05:48.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What's the verb/verb-phrase used to described having sex(in a way that isn't dirty)?",
"view_count": 2717
} | [
{
"body": "性交｛せいこう｝\"to intercourse\" is what I could think of.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T00:18:16.540",
"id": "44148",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T00:18:16.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19346",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "We usually say セックスする. And you can also say エッチする、愛し合う. They can imply \"to\nhave sex\" and less dirty.\n\nやる, 寝る can also imply it but I feel they are a bit dirty.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "There are too many indirect expressions to write down so I will write some\nexamples.\n\n> 同衾する (どうきんする) to 'share' the sheet\n\nThis is pretty old fashioned way to say English equivalent would be to get\nshacked\n\ne.g. 「彼女と―して居たら」〈荷風・あめりか物語〉\n\n> 枕を交わす (まくらをかわす) to exchange pillows\n\nThis is also kinda old fashioned way but makes sense to most adults. A\nliterary expression.\n\ne.g. 「とほ妻と－・してねたる夜は／玉葉 恋二」\n\n> バッテリーを組む (バッテリーをくむ) to form a battery\n\nThis is a kinda slang but not so dirty. I often hear single middle aged women\nusing this expression.\n\ne.g. 「昨日Aとバッテリー組んでみたんだけどさぁ、ー」 < friends of my mother >\n\n> 一戦(を)交える (いっせんまじえる) to fight a battle with\n\nI like this expression. Sounds formal at the same time humorous.\n\ne.g. 彼女とー前に、シャワーを浴びる。\n\n> アバンチュール (あばんちゅーる) aventure from French word 'l'aventure'\n\nYoung gal word I suppose. Often seen in world of popular song. Men rarely use\nthis expression.\n\ne.g. アバンチュールを期待してバーに行く。",
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"body": "Japanese has this phrase: 夜{よる}の営み{いとなみ}\n\n**How to discover**\n\nThe phrase seems to be understood by Japanese adults and sometimes used in\nJapanese TV drama or animation series (I have heard at least twice from both\nreal life and TV series).\n\n * Japanese-English online dictionary will return only the verb counterpart and has no mention of the phrase i.e. [営み from Jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%96%B6%E3%81%BF).\n\n * Japanese-Japanese online dictionary will return the whole phrase with relevant description i.e. [夜の営み from コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%9C%E3%81%AE%E5%96%B6%E3%81%BF-682866) and [夜の営み from Weblio辞書](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%A4%9C%E3%81%AE%E5%96%B6%E3%81%BF).\n\n**Phrase variations**\n\n[性行為 on Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA)\nhas mentioned similar phrase that uses the verb 営み (text in bold):\n\n> 表現例 [...] 夫婦同士による性交は子作りや **夫婦の営み** 、夫婦生活などと言われる。 [...]\n\n[Weblio類語辞書](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10152045845)\nhas listed other similar words and phrases, which supports the meaning \"to\nhave sex\" however, may not be suitable for \"non-dirty\" usage:\n\n> 性交 ・ 性行為 ・ エッチ ・ 合体 ・ 性交渉 ・ 交尾 ・ セックス ・ 性的行為 ・ 猥褻行為 ・ 同衾 ・ 共寝 ・ 交合 ・ まぐわい ・\n> 事 ・ ナニ ・ 情事 ・ 交接 ・ ファック ・ 房事 ・ 秘め事 ・ 男女の交わり ・ 男女の営み ・ ベッドイン ・ 肉体交渉 ・ 性の交わり ・\n> 性的な営み ・ 男女の契り ・ SEX ・ 愛の交歓 ・ 性愛行動 ・ 夜の営み ・ 濡れごと ・ エロごと ・ 色事 ・ 営み ・ 肉体の交わり ・\n> 情交\n\n**Additional notes**\n\nWhile the phrase is well understood by adults, some youngsters may not be\nfamiliar at all. There is one instance i.e. [this thread on\nYahoo!知恵袋](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10152045845)\nthat someone asked for its meaning.\n\n> 2015/10/3116:50:41\n>\n> 夜の営みって何ですか？？\n>\n> さっき男友達と話してたらでてきて・・・\n>\n> [...]\n>\n> 中学生は深夜徘徊したら捕まるし、まず働くことさえできないと思うんです。\n>\n> だから夜に営む（会社を？？）って不可能なことじゃないですか？？\n>\n> [...]\n\nThe question seems to be asked by a clueless student from middle school, who\nwanted to know the meaning of 夜の営み; other friends only hinted that \"of course\nyou have experienced it, right\". Then, someone posted an answer that writes,\n\"It's about sex\".\n\nWhile the phrase 夜の営み is common, either the verb 営み or the noun 営む can be used\nto describe \"to have sex\" or \"sexual intercourse\". The closest translation in\nEnglish is \"[nightlife](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nightlife)\", which\nrefers to either sex parties (non-retranslatable in Japanese) or night\namusement (retranslatable as\n[夜遊び](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E9%81%8A%E3%81%B3#Japanese)).",
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| 44146 | 44156 | 44156 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I got these verbs from the instruction manual of Nintendo 3DS when forgetting\npassword to access a function.\n\nメールアドレスを **登録している** ときは、マスターキーの送信画面で「OK」をタッチしてください。\n\n**登録した** メールアドレスにマスターキーが送信されます。\n\n**登録している** メールアドレスで受信拒否設定をしている場合は、@nintendo.netからのメールを受信可能な設定にしておいてください。\n\nI think their meanings are the same, registered e-mail address, but I don't\nknow the difference from using these 2 forms in this situation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T01:52:55.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44153",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-04T12:46:22.227",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-07T02:36:29.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"tense"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「登録している」 and 「登録した」?",
"view_count": 346
} | [
{
"body": "> \"している\" has two ways to be used. \n> 1) present progressive form: Now you are doing something. \n> 2) continuous form: You had done something and the situation had been\n> changed. Now the situation has been continued.\n\n* * *\n\n> (OK: doing) メールアドレスを登録しているときは、マスターキーの送信画面で「OK」をタッチしてください。 \n> When you are making registration of your mail address, you can submit the\n> mail address registration form by cliking the \"OK\" icon.\n\n* * *\n\n> (NG or OK) メールアドレスを登録したときは、マスターキーの送信画面で「OK」をタッチしてください。\n\n(NG) If you understand \"メールアドレスを登録したとき\" as \"メールアドレス登録のformを送信したとき,\" \"when you\nhave finished submitting the registration\" then the context should be \"When\nyou have finished submitting the registration of your mail adress, click the\n\"OK\" icon on the sending screen (to submit the registration.)\" \nIt done not make sense.\n\n(OK) If you understad \"メールアドレスを登録したとき\" as \"メールアドレス登録に必要な事項の登録(input)を完了したとき\",\n\"when you have filled all the necessary column,\" the context should be \"When\nyou have filled all the necesary column, then all you have to do is to click\nthe \"OK\" icon to submit it.\n\n* * *\n\n> (OK) 登録したメールアドレスにマスターキーが送信されます。 \n> The master key will be sent to the registered mail adress. \n> (OK) 登録しているメールアドレスにマスターキーが送信されます。 \n> (OK-1, doing) The master key will be sent to the mail address that you're\n> now making regstration. (You have not finished it, but once you have\n> finished it, the server system will send the master key to the mail\n> address.) \n> (OK-2, status) The master key will be sent to the registered mail address.\n>\n> (OK) 登録しているメールアドレスで受信拒否設定をしている場合は、@nintendo.netからのメールを受信可能な設定にしておいてください。 \n> \"登録している\" = status:\"registered\" \n> (OK) 登録したメールアドレスで受信拒否設定をしている場合は、@nintendo.netからのメールを受信可能な設定にしておいてください。 \n> \"登録した\" = action: \"you had registered\" = \"the registration is still\n> effective\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T03:29:58.883",
"id": "44179",
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{
"body": "> メールアドレスを **登録している** ときは、マスターキーの送信画面で「OK」をタッチしてください。\n\nThis sentence is establishing a condition from the perspective of you, the\nperson who has registered the email address. So, in this case 登録し **ている** is\nused to indicate the condition where you have _finished the process_ of\nregistering your email address.\n\n> **登録した** メールアドレスにマスターキーが送信されます。\n\nThis sentence is talking about what you should do with the email address _that\nyou already finished registering_. So, **登録した** メールアドレス is acting like an\nadjectival phrase defining which mail address the マスターキー will be sent to.\n\n> **登録している** メールアドレスで受信拒否設定をしている場合は、@nintendo.netからのメールを受信可能な設定にしておいてください。\n\n「登録しているメールアドレス」combines the above. So in this case し **ている** is used to show\nthat the email address that is being referred to is the one that is _in the\nstate of having been registered_ by you.\n\nSummary:\n\n * **ている** is being used to describe either being **_in a state_** or **_in a process_**. \n\n「メールアドレスを登録しているときは」( _in a process_ ) \n「登録しているメールアドレス」( _in a state_ )\n\n * **た** is being used to show that the process **_has finished_** or **_is completed_**. \n\n「登録したメールアドレス」\n\n * Putting the verb before a noun or noun-phrase serves to define that noun or noun-phrase similar to an adjective. \n\n「登録しているとき」&「登録したメールアドレス」&「登録しているメールアドレス」",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T09:20:56.703",
"id": "44192",
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| 44153 | null | 44179 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44158",
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"body": "I wanted to say something like \"No matter where I go the bathrooms are always\nall full. Do I use any of these:\"満席?いっぱい?全使用中？空いていない？\n\nIn which case saying the bathroom is \"full\" is one way to say it, but how\nwould I also say it conversely with the bathrooms are unavailable (because\nthey are full)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-07T04:48:44.307",
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"id": "44157",
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"owner_user_id": "10300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "how do I refer to bathrooms that are completely full / unavailable?",
"view_count": 111
} | [
{
"body": "I would say...\n\nあそこのトイレ、いっつも **いっぱい** で[入]{はい}れない。 \n昼休みはトイレ **混んで** て入れない。 \nトイレ(の個室)、 **全部使用中** 。 \n女子トイレ、一つも **空いてない** 。 \n女子トイレが **[満室]{まんしつ}** だったから、男子トイレに入った。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-07T05:15:53.497",
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| 44157 | 44158 | 44158 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44163",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it incorrect to use the kanji for いただくif it is used as an auxiliary verb.\nFor example ご提供頂く is incorrect but ご提供いただく is right? Can kanji be used if いただく\nis being used as a main verb?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T06:48:21.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44161",
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"owner_user_id": "19360",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Different between 頂くand いただく？",
"view_count": 242
} | [
{
"body": "Basically, it is exactly as you say.\n\n> 「頂{いただ}く」 as a verb\n\n「先生{せんせい}から手紙{てがみ}を頂いた。」 (I received a letter from the teacher.)\n\n> 「いただく」 as a subsidiary verb\n\n「先生に作文{さくぶん}を読{よ}んでいただいた。」 (The teacher [kindly] read the composition for me.)\n\nIn that sentence, the verb is 「読む」 and the subsidiary verb 「いただく」.\n\nThere are, however, native speakers who write the subsidiary verb 「いただく」 using\nkanji as 「頂く」 with the misbelief that the more kanji they use, the better\neducated they are. They are usually corrected at work, if not while in school,\n(unless their bosses do not know any better).\n\nTo know kanji, you would need to be educated, but to know when not to use\nkanji, you would need to be even more educated. Some Japanese-learners become\nso obsessed with kanji that they end up writing everything using kanji. Be\ncareful; SE is no exception. The misbelief \"the more kanji the more educated\"\nis quite remarkable here.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T08:54:49.797",
"id": "44163",
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}
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| 44161 | 44163 | 44163 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am unsure what やついておる means in the following sentence:\n\n> …貴様、何をにやついておるのだ…？\n\nFor some context Person A is comforting Person B who has just heard some happy\nnews and gotten emotional. Person C says the above sentence.\n\nI've not come across やついておる in my studies before, can someone explain this to\nme?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T16:42:17.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44165",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-07T18:24:02.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20179",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What does やついておる mean?",
"view_count": 254
} | [
{
"body": "I think you parsed it wrong.\n\n> 貴様、何を **にやついておる** のだ…？ \n> _What are you grinning at, you bastard?_\n\nIt's [にやつく](http://www.excite.co.jp/world/j_dictionary/ITEM-\nDJR_niyatuku_-010/%E3%81%AB%E3%82%84%E3%81%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%81%8F/?itemid=DJR_niyatuku_-010&title=%E3%81%AB%E3%82%84%E3%81%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%81%8F)\n'smirk; grin', a compound formed from the sound symbolic noun にや 'smirk; grin'\nalong with the verb つく.\n\nYou can tell it's not 何を＋に because that sequence of particles doesn't go\ntogether.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 44165 | null | 44166 |
{
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"body": "I am looking for some clarification as to the connotations/meanings of both\nなんかいいな and 焼いてるin the following snippet -\n\n> なんかいいな、と思ってよ。 お前がそんな風に誰かの世話焼いてるところなんて、見たことなかったからな…\n\nI have heard that なんていいな can mean jealousy or envy (but not in a serious way)\nthe above passage says なんかいいな however, か instead of て, Is なんかいいな the same as\nなんていいな ?\n\n焼いてる Refers to burning, but I've heard that this can also mean jealousy/envy\nin some instances, looking at the above passage I think this might be right,\ncan someone confirm? With the ところ following it, it makes me think that it\ncould mean 'on the verge of jealousy' is that right?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-07T19:29:07.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44168",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-08T00:55:32.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Does なんかいいな and 焼いてるboth refer to jealousy?",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "> 「なんかいいな、と思{おも}ってよ。 お前{まえ}がそんな風{ふう}に誰{だれ}かの世話焼{せわや}いてるところなんて、見{み}たことなかったからな…」\n\nYou seem a little confused here. **There is no implied or explicit mention of\n\"jealousy\" in this passage**. Sorry if this comes as a surprise, but someone\nhas to say it.\n\n「なんかいいな」 could express jealousy in other contexts but not here. It only means\n\" **It's kinda nice.** \" here.\n\n> \" Is なんかいいな the same as なんていいな ?\"\n\nNo, not at all. 「なんか」, as I used in my translation above, means \"kinda\" or\n\"sorta\". 「なんていいな」 cannot replace it in the context in question.\n\nSame goes for 「焼いている」. You must be imagining another context/situation.\n\nHere, it is used in the idiomatic expression 「世話を焼く」, which means \" **to take\ngreat care of** \" with the nuance \"perhaps even too much\".\n\n> \"With the ところ following it, it makes me think that it could mean 'on the\n> verge of jealousy' is that right?\"\n\nNo, it is not. 「ところ」 refers to the actual \"scene\" where the person was taking\ncare of another.",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T00:26:40.613",
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| 44168 | null | 44175 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44171",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I already know how to use あげる、もらう and くれる as verbs... But I have some\nquestions regarding the te form of a verb + てあげる、てもらう、てくれる. Where I'm learning\nit they translate Verb(teform)+あげる/もらう as making a favor like\n\n> 友達がゲームをするのを教えてくれた。 My friend made me the favor of teaching me how to play\n> the game. Is there a better way to translate it?\n\nWhat different tone this sentence has in comparisson to something like:\n\n> 友達がゲームをするのを教えた。?\n\nAlso, is くれる only allowed when the action is going for me? When talking about\na third person should I always use あげる or もらう?\n\n> \"The mother took her children to the school.\"\n>\n> 母が彼女の子供に学校で連れてくれた. Is it wrong? How could it be right?\n>\n> 母が彼女の子供に学校で連れてもらった.\n>\n> 母が彼女の子供に学校で連れてあげた.\n\nAlso I can't really tell what different meaning the sentence would have\nchanging the end like that, even though I know how to use it as verbs alone.\n\nSorry for the big question, I hope I am making sense.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-07T20:35:31.857",
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"id": "44169",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Teageru, TeMorau, TeKureru",
"view_count": 886
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{
"body": "* 母が子供を学校へ連れていった。 \n * Mother took her children to school. (no favor)\n * 子供が母に学校へ連れていってもらった。 \n * The children were taken to school by mother. (favor to children by mom)\n * 母が他人に（母の）子供を学校へ連れていってもらった。 \n * Mother had another person take her children to school. (favor to mom by other)\n * 母が他人の子供を学校へ連れていってあげた。 \n * Mother took another persons children to school. (favor to the other by mom)\n\nFavor here is not necessarily a really big generous favor.\n\n* * *\n\nEdit in reply to comment:\n\nWhen an outsider does something \"for\" your sister (an insider), then くれる can\nalso be used.\n\n * Simple example: 他人が姉にドアを開けてくれた。\n * Complex example: 他人が、姉に（姉の子供を学校へ連れていくことを）してくれた。\n\nThe complex sentence can be shortened to\n\n * 他人が、姉の子供を学校へ連れていってくれた。(sentence accepted by one native speaker)\n\nHowever, in that abbreviation, the favor-receiver is not specified. A friendly\nnative speaker resource (not a linguist) feels uncomfortable with this\nsentence\n\n * 他人が、姉に姉の子供を学校へ連れていってくれた。（sentence rejected by one native speaker)\n\nDespite the fact that this would be OK\n\n * 姉が、他人に姉の子供を学校へ連れていってもらった。(sentence accepted by one native speaker)\n\nYou used a complex example in your question, containing 連れていく. If you are only\ninterested in the simple example, you can leave the complex example until\nlater.",
"comment_count": 4,
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| 44169 | 44171 | 44171 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44172",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Quick question about word choice, but do the Japanese more often refer to\nschool sessions as \"school\" like most in America, or \"classes\" like some parts\nof Europe?\n\nAlso what words would be used most often to describe a school session? And\nlastly, what exactly would a child say that's equivalent to \"Yay, no school!\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"culture"
],
"title": "Would a Japanese person say \"Yay, no school!\" or \"Yay, no classes!\"?",
"view_count": 904
} | [
{
"body": "> \"do the Japanese more often refer to school sessions as \"school\" like most\n> in America, or \"classes\" like some parts of Europe?\"\n\nIt would definitely be 「学校{がっこう}」 unless your focus is on individual classess\nfor some reason, in which case, 「授業{じゅぎょう}」 may be used.\n\n> \"what words would be used most often to describe a school session? \"\n\nIt would be 「授業{じゅぎょう}」 nearly 100% of the time in grades 1 through 12.\n\nIn universities, 「講義{こうぎ}」 is also widely used. It means \"lecture\" as far as\nnuance.\n\n> \"And lastly, what exactly would a child say that's equivalent to \"Yay, no\n> school!\"?\"\n\n「やった～、（明日{あした}は）学校[休]{やす}み！」, 「（今日{きょう}/明日）学校なし！」, etc. should be most common\nat least around Tokyo and Nagoya.",
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| 44170 | 44172 | 44172 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44177",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 貴様、何をにやついておるのだ…？ \n> What are you grinning at, you bastard?\n\nThis sentence (asked in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44165/5010)) seemed fairly\nnatural and simple to me...until I realized **にやつく is an intransitive verb**.\n[×]彼は私をにやついた is ungrammatical. Instead, you have to say something like\n彼は私を見てにやついた.\n\nThen why is the first sentence ever possible? Well, after some pondering I\ncame up with a similar expression:\n\n> 何をぐっすり寝ているの、早く起きなさい！\n\nSo apparently these 何を with intransitive verbs mean _why_ rather than _what_.\nBut is that really true? I found a page where [one person says 何を can mark a\nreason/trigger](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=33754#p33754).\nBut I'm not totally convinced, since all I could find was this short comment.\nI'd appreciate if someone explain this or point me to a longer\narticle/reference. Should this be considered as a fixed expression like\nEnglish \"how come\"?\n\n(Just to be sure, as a native speaker of Japanese, I know these examples using\n何を are natural, but I'm just having trouble getting a nice grammatical\nexplanation.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T03:09:40.753",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"particle-を",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "Using 何を with intransitive verbs (eg 何をにやついているの?)",
"view_count": 657
} | [
{
"body": "あまり詳しい説明ではないのですが、明鏡国語辞典によりますと・・・\n\n> なに【何】 \n> 〘代〙 \n>\n> ❸《「ーを・・・か？」「ーを・・・のだ！」など、疑問・反語・詰問などを表す自動詞文で》不審の気持ちで、事態成立の基盤を問う。また、その不当性を非難する。どんな理由で。なぜに。なんで。\n> 「何を泣いているのか？」「何をためらうことがあろうか」「何をぐずぐずしてるんだ！」 \n> （語法）他動詞の場合は、～ヲに対する普通の疑問を表す。「何を読んでるの？」",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T03:28:37.210",
"id": "44177",
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{
"body": "(Adding my own answer for those who may run into this problem in the future)\n\n@Shoko's answer confirmed my hypothesis. You can use 何を with intransitive\nverbs, and it actually means \"why\", \"how dare you\", \"what makes you\", etc. It\nusually has some dubious/accusatory tone. You can consider it a special\nconstruction.\n\nThe following example using an intransitive verb 驚く shows the difference\nbetween 何を and 何に.\n\n * **何に** 驚いているんですか？ \nWhat are you surprised at? \n(I know you are surprised at something, but I don't know what you are\nsurprised at.)\n\n * **何を** 驚いているんですか？ \nWhy are you surprised (at this)? \n(I know what you are surprised at, but I don't understand why you are\nsurprised. \"It's no wonder\", \"Isn't it obvious?\")\n\nUnsurprisingly, を can be omitted in casual speech: 何驚いてるんですか？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T12:07:52.103",
"id": "44200",
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| 44176 | 44177 | 44177 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How to ask for advice if I want to start doing something, for example:\n\n> If I want to start watching Tv-shows, from which should I start? \n> If I want to start doing exercises, how should I start?\n\nIs there specific grammar for it? Can I say something like this:\n\n> もし私はドラマを見たい初める、からどんな始まりますか？",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T03:44:51.203",
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"id": "44180",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-01-20T21:23:27.337",
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"owner_user_id": "20191",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "\"If I want to start doing something\"",
"view_count": 642
} | [
{
"body": "A literal translation of your question would be:\n\n> ドラマを[見]{み}[始]{はじ}めたいです。どれから[始]{はじ}めるべきですか。\n\nHowever, a more natural way to ask the question would be 'Do you have any\nrecommendations?', which is:\n\n> ドラマを見始めたいです。お[勧]{すす}めはありますか。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T04:44:57.693",
"id": "44185",
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"body": "運動を始めるとしたら、何から始めるといいですか？\n\nドラマを見始めるとしたら、何から始めるといいですか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-10-19T06:13:33.000",
"id": "96745",
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"body": "For recommendations about shows, I would probably go with\n\n> 新しいドラマを見てみたいです。何かいいドラマを知っていますか？\n\nadding the tentative てみる, because if you start doing something you are not\nquite sure how it will eventually go or if you'll stick to it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2022-10-19T08:08:26.707",
"id": "96748",
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| 44180 | null | 96748 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm translating an anime episode, and it's pretty much done, save this part\nand another line. I've tried asking a few people, I've been on reddit, I'vve\nlistened to it one way too many times, but it's all been to no avail. Here are\nthe preceding lines:\n\n「幸せすぎるんです、 きっと. 私の何倍も、 何十倍も.」(She's too happy, I'm sure of it. Tens of times,\na hundred times happier than me.)\n\n「今のあなたは?」(How happy are you right now?)\n\n[LINE](http://vocaroo.com/i/s1C9Rf0MmLdV)\n\n「ドレスも指輪もお嬢様の借り物です。ですから,(---) 」(This dress and the jewelry I'm wearing are both\nthings Ojou-sama let me borrow, so ---)\n\nWhat the heck is that word? It sounds like \"tabun\" at first, but it definitely\ndoesn't work in context. The sounds are like, タ and フ, but that doesn't seem\nto work either.\n\n(as an aside, forgive my writing, I had to cobble together the kana and kanji\nfor the lines because my writing/reading skills are severely lacking.)\n\n-\n\nI feel like asking for another line is too much, but if you're willing to\nhelp, I'm also confused on another part as well. [This\nline](http://vocaroo.com/i/s0mPt8Oc1lTr), preceded by \"I'm begging you,\nplease, don't go!\" and proceeded by \"Please, for my sake, allow me just a\nlittle of your time. To be allowed just one night...is my dream.\", is stumping\nme.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T04:22:09.133",
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"id": "44183",
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"owner_user_id": "19342",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"listening"
],
"title": "What is the last word being spoken in this audio clip/sentence?",
"view_count": 92
} | [
{
"body": "１ 「[多分]{たぶん}」\n\n２ 「[今宵]{こよい}[一夜]{ひとよ}、今宵ただ一夜、[私]{わたくし}のために時間を[割]{さ}いてください。」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T04:29:54.333",
"id": "44184",
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| 44183 | null | 44184 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44187",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Some years ago a former co-student from Oosaka taught me the expression\nなんでやねん. He said it is Oosaka slang and it could be used in all kinds of funny\nor awkward situations, meaning something along the line of \"What the hell?\".\nHowever I dimly remember to have read somewhere else that this expression can\nbe offending or inappropriate.\n\nSo my questions are:\n\n * What does this expression literally mean? \n\n * In what situations (business, friends, ...) and which places (only in Oosaka, other places in Japan) can it safely be used to get a comical effect?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T05:55:05.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44186",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"slang",
"colloquial-language",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Usage of なんでやねん",
"view_count": 6190
} | [
{
"body": "なんでやねん literally means \"Why is that\". なんで is \"why\", や is a Kansai copula\n(\"だ\"), ねん is a Kansai sentence-end particle. So in standard Japanese, it's\nなんでだよ or どうしてだよ.\n\nなんでやねん is considered as the most typical phrase of a\n[ツッコミ](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/BokeAndTsukkomiRoutine)\ncharacter. Unless you are a natural-born Kansai-ben speaker, this is not used\nto truly offend someone. People who don't speak Kansa-ben use it almost always\nto get a comedic effect, as shown in the link. Basically you can use it\nwhenever someone said a nice ボケ. Refrain from saying it to your boss, though.\nAnd you don't have to try to use it until you understand most of the jokes\nJapanese people make. Even many native Japanese people can't use なんでやねん at the\nright timing, after all.\n\n**EDIT:** Oh, when you use なんでやねん it's vitally important to simulate the\nKansai accent regardless of your birthplace. It's なんでやねん{LLHLLL} ([video\nclip](https://youtu.be/3nuTvo5rEOE?t=5m35s)).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T06:21:43.067",
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"score": 5
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| 44186 | 44187 | 44187 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44199",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am confused about the \"tense\" I should use for the verb 罹{かか}る (to suffer\nfrom (an illness, etc.)).\n\nLooking at [example sentences from\nweblio.jp](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E7%97%85%E6%B0%97%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F),\nI see various sentences using various forms and am unable to figure out when\nto use which.\n\n**1. Which of the following choice(s) would be appropriate, and what would the\nmeanings be?**\n\n> 長{ちょう}男{なん}を失{うしな}った母{はは}親{おや}として、ガンに（\n> ）娘{むすめ}の母{はは}の気{き}持{も}ちは共{きょう}感{かん}するにかたくない。\n>\n> １ 罹る\n>\n> ２ 罹った\n>\n> ３ 罹っている\n>\n> ４ 罹っていた\n>\n> _Note: The sentence above was created by me, and likely contains mistakes;\n> please correct any you see!_\n\n**2. Is 罹る a[continual\nverb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Verbs) like 食{た}べる or a\n[punctual verb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_grammar#Verbs) like\n知{し}る or 打{う}つ?**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T07:06:50.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44188",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"tense"
],
"title": "病気にかかる？病気にかかっている？など",
"view_count": 426
} | [
{
"body": "## Example Sentence\n\nI changed the end of your sentence just slightly:\n\n> 長男を失った母親にとって、ガンに（ ）娘の母の気持ちは **想像するにかたくない**\n\n想像 is probably better understood than 共感 in this case.\n\n## Fill in the Blank\n\nFirstly, I should mention that this 罹る is almost always written with Hiragana.\nEach form that you listed fits in the blank grammatically, but the meaning\nwill change slightly.\n\n１ ガンに **罹る** 娘の母の気持ち\n\nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **may suffer** from cancer \nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **will suffer** from cancer \nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **suffers** from cancer\n\n２ ガンに **罹った** 娘の母の気持ち\n\nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **has suffered** from cancer \nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **suffered** from cancer\n\n３ ガンに **罹っている** 娘の母の気持ち\n\nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **is suffering** from cancer \nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **suffers** from cancer\n\n４ ガンに **罹っていた** 娘の母の気持ち\n\nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **suffered** from cancer \nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **was suffering** from cancer \nthe feeling of a mother whose daughter **had been suffering** from cancer\n\nI believe that 罹る is a Punctual Verb.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T10:03:06.067",
"id": "44194",
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"body": "First of all I think there is (can be) slight misconception about the meaning\nof 罹る even among natives.\n\n罹る means to become a state of serious illness, or falling in serious sickness\n(thus the answer for question 2. would be technically 'punctual verb' in this\naspect) and it rather focuses on the action than the state of illness compared\nto its synonymous verb 患う {わずらう}.\n\n患う can be translated fairly well as 'to suffer from sickness'. 患う can connotes\nmore of pain/torment/hardship of being sick than 罹る.\n\nI also recommend you to see also\n[罹患する](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E7%BD%B9%E6%82%A3%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B)\n\nLet's look at the sentence on the above basis.\n\n> 長男を失った母親として、ガンに（ ）娘の母の気持ちは共感するにかたくない。\n\nIn this context, I assume you want to stress the hardship aspect of the\ndaughter who\n\n１ 罹る\n\n２ 罹った\n\n３ 罹っている\n\n４ 罹っていた\n\na cancer.\n\nIf so, I'd like to alter 'ガンに罹る' to 'ガンを患う' here.\n\nAlso (this is not relating to your question but...) 共感する is technically making\nsense but is mainly used when sharing positive feelings, so I would like to\nchange it to [[汲]{く}む](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/63064/meaning/m0u/) (in\nthe link definition 3)\n\n> 長男を失った母親として、癌を（ ）娘の母の気持ちは汲むにかたくない。\n\n１ 患う\n\n２ 患った\n\n３ 患っている\n\n４ 患っていた\n\nThis might be able to convey your intention better.\n\nAnd the the answer for question\n\n 1. Which of the following choice(s) would be appropriate, and what would the meanings be?\n\nwould be grammatically all the choices but the context would narrow the\nchoices onto 2 罹った and 3 罹っている provided that we could put the choice of word\naside. (sic basis)\n\n**the reasons**\n\n1 罹る is not really appropriate.\n\nHere, 罹る is present tense thus the daughter doesn't have a cancer yet. The\ndaughter is not suffering yet and she possibly recuperates from cancer. It's a\nbit unreasonable that the deceased son's mother shares the feeling with the\nyet healthy daughter's mother.\n\n2 罹った and 罹っている are appropriate.\n\nDaughter must be suffering from cancer, which is compatible with the context.\n\n4 罹っていた can be appropriate\n\nonly if the daughter is dead. We cant tell if she's dead or well now from the\nsentence so I don't think this is good.\n\nLastly, I'd like to answer the same question on basis of my corrected\nsentence.\n\nAll of the choices would be appropriate, because regardless of the tense of 患う\nthe two mothers have it a common that their children suffer(ed) from cancer.",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T11:58:31.550",
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"parent_id": "44188",
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| 44188 | 44199 | 44194 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I sometimes see a single さ at the end of a sentence, not being appended to an\nadjective of either type, so I determined that this さ must be an interjection\nor a 語尾｛ごび｝ of some type. Thus, what meaning does さ used as an interjection/語尾\nconvey, or is it more of a matter of personal preferences?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T08:42:23.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44189",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"interjections"
],
"title": "Using さ as an interjection",
"view_count": 161
} | []
| 44189 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44191",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> タイ語の手紙を翻訳するボランティアをしようと思ってるんです.\n\nthis is from a conversation between 2 people. one asked the other \"what are\nyou reading \" and the other person said I study thailand language and the\nreason is タイ語の手紙を翻訳するボランティアをしようと思ってるんです.\n\nhere しよう means what ? and is it a rule in grammar or just a word ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T08:52:54.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44190",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-08T09:11:00.997",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-08T08:59:59.420",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "17788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "しよう meaning of this word?",
"view_count": 2540
} | [
{
"body": "> タイ語の手紙を翻訳するボランティアをしようと思ってるんです。 \n> (Because) I am thinking of doing volunteer work to translate letters in\n> Thai.\n\nしよう is the (non-polite) volitional form of the verb する (\"to do\").\n\n * [Desire and Volition](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/desire_volition)\n * [The Japanese volitional form (～しよう、～しましょう): much more than just “Let's”](http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2015/02/17/the-japanese-volitional-form-%E3%81%97%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%80%81%E3%80%9C%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86-more-than-just-lets/)\n\nボランティアをする is \"do volunteer work\", \"to participate in charity activities\".\nWhile _volunteer_ is a verb in English, ボランティア is just a noun in Japanese and\nyou have to use を + する.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T09:11:00.997",
"id": "44191",
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| 44190 | 44191 | 44191 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> A：この本を読んでみてください。\n>\n> B：これ **なら** 難しくない **から** 、私にも読めそうです。\n\nGoogle translator said \"This is not difficult, so I can read it.\" \nIt's somehow convincing translation but I don't yet get the meaning of なら and\nから here in this sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T09:58:32.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44193",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-08T11:54:54.700",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "なら and から what's the relation?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "なら and から are not related. It seems that some intermediate grammars were used\nto construct that sentence.\n\nなら is a conditional=if (1 out 4 of them). It is used on a given context. It\nmeans \"if given that ... Then ...\" In which the context is taken from the\nconversations. A here told B to try reading the book.\n\nこれなら means \"If given that it's this book then...\". The book is already implied\nso it's not being stated again. AならB => if given that A then B.\n\nから connects two sentences with the preceding sentence is the reason and the\nsentence after it is the result. To say, it means \"because\". AからB => Because\nof A, B happens.\n\n難しくないから、私にも読めそうです means \"Because it(the book) is not difficult, it seems that\neven I can read it\"\n\nCombined it means \"Given that It's this book and it's not difficult, it seems\nthat even I can read it.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T11:14:06.563",
"id": "44197",
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| 44193 | null | 44197 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44198",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example if I wanted to express \"Alice , who was (once) not interesting, is\nbeing liked by everyone\". Then what sort of grammar should I use?\n\n> 面白くなかったアリスは、皆に好きであられる。\n\nIs state of being in passive form possible? If yes, are there any other way to\nexpress it? Is this sentence gramatically correct and does it correctly\nexpress the intended meaning? What are the correct/other ways to convey my\nintended meaning(polite/informal)?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T10:45:24.883",
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"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is using a state-of-being in passive form feasible?",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "The example sentence itself is wrong (correctly it should be\nアリスは、かつては面白くなかったが皆に好かれている). However, passive voice of predicates that stand\nfor state of being per se is possible. e.g. アリスに人気者でいられては困る (it'd be\nunfavorable for me that Alice remains a popular person). That said, you won't\nsee ある conjugated into passive in practice. If you find あられる, you would safely\nassume it's honorific.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T11:10:38.627",
"id": "44196",
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{
"body": "> \"Is state of being in passive form possible?\"\n\nYes, it is, but **not** in the way that you seem to be thinking. It is\npossible (and correct) mostly as \" **suffering passive** \". For instance, you\ncould say:\n\n> 「アタシはあなたには興味{きょうみ}ないの。だから、いつまでも好{す}きで **いられて** も困{こま}るの。」\n\n= \"I am not interested in you and that is why it puts me in an awkward\nsituation if ( **I continue to be liked by you / you keep liking me** ) for so\nlong.\"\n\n> 「そこまで政治{せいじ}に無関心{むかんしん}で **あられて** もねえ・・」 ← The entire main clause is left\n> unsaid.\n\n= \"If you are indifferent toward politics to _that_ degree, (it is\ntroublesome).\"\n\nYour sentence:\n\n> 「面白{おもしろ}くなかったアリスは、皆{みな}に好{す}きであられる。」\n\nmakes little sense, I am afraid to say, because of the last half of it. Alice\nis happy that she is being liked, right? If so, that is not suffering passive.\n\nYou could say 「みんなに **好かれている** 」 to make it correct and natural. Change 「いる」\nto 「います」 to make it politer.",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T11:43:47.673",
"id": "44198",
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}
]
| 44195 | 44198 | 44198 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44202",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across this sentence, and I've been trying to figure out it's exact\nmeaning.\n\n> 要は言わなきゃいいだけの話です。\n\nFirst we have the 言わなきゃいい, which means \"it doesn't have to be said\".\n\nIt is followed by a verb + だけ construct, that is used to trivialize the verb,\nthus so far we have something like \"You simply don't have to talk about that\".\n\nCombining all this in the sentence rationally, I came to the conclusion that\nit means the following:\n\n> The point is, it's a topic that you simply shouldn't touch.\n\nFor some reason though, my gut feeling tells me that it is more complicated\nthough, one other possible meaning that I can think of:\n\n> The point is, this should be obvious to anyone / shouldn't even be\n> mentioned.\n\nIs one of these translations correct?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T13:13:09.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44201",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-04T08:32:24.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 言わなきゃいいだけ mean?",
"view_count": 1304
} | [
{
"body": "You are on the right track here.\n\n> 「Phrase or Mini-Sentence + だけの話{はなし}（だ/です/である, etc.）」\n\nshould be treated as a set phrase meaning:\n\n> \"(Phrase or Mini-Sentence). **It's as simple as that**.\"\n\nYou might as well remember that we often place 「 **という** 」 right in front of\n「だけの話」. That would be for a little emphasis on what you want to state using\nthis structure.\n\nAlso fairly common is the format below:\n\n> 「(Full Sentence(s)/Explanation). （ただ）それだけの話だ。」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T13:30:30.003",
"id": "44202",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-08T13:30:30.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "The point is it simply doesn't need to be said.\n\nなきゃいい/なければ/なくては いい means that if this thing is not done it is いい (OK)\n\nexample\n\n> 嫌なら食べなきゃいい。you don't have to eat it if you don't like it",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-12-04T08:18:17.667",
"id": "91463",
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| 44201 | 44202 | 44202 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm wondering if there are any linguistic reasons or rules that can be applied\nto find out which to use, or do I just need to memorize them individually?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T13:49:02.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44203",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-08T20:44:21.267",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-08T16:56:29.603",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"readings",
"counters",
"suffixes",
"time",
"rendaku"
],
"title": "How does one know when to use ～ふん or ～ぷん when telling time in Japanese?",
"view_count": 695
} | [
{
"body": "Well, all the Japanese counters have some irregularities. In this case, the\nstandard counter for minutes is ふん, but in some numbers it changes.\n\n> 1: いっぷん 2: にふん 3: さんぷん 4: よんぷん 5: ごふん 6: ろっぷん 7: ななふん 8: はっぷん 9: きゅうふん 10:\n> じゅっぷん",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T19:40:13.113",
"id": "44211",
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{
"body": "There is a rule when saying 'x past the hour': if x is 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50\nyou say ' **~じゅっぷん** ' not '~じゅうふん'.\n\nFor example 15:10 is じゅうごじ **じゅっぷん** and 15:20 is じゅうごじ **にじゅっぷん** whilst\n15:15 is じゅうごじ **じゅうごふん**.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T20:44:21.267",
"id": "44215",
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| 44203 | null | 44211 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44210",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am learning about radicals and their use in forming an individual Kanji\ncharacter, but I am wondering if more than one radical can be used in\ndeveloping one. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T15:46:40.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44204",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-27T17:57:10.873",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-27T17:57:10.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Can an individual Kanji character have more than one radical?",
"view_count": 2133
} | [
{
"body": "Yes. When there is more than one radical, you first need to identify the\nprimary radical. The convention is for the primary radical to be determined by\nits placement: (1) top, (2) left, (3) bottom, (4) right.\n\nexamples:\n\n> 薬\n\n\"Grass\" (kangxi #140) on top. \"Tree\" (kangxi #75) on bottom. So, two radicals,\nbut you use the grass radical to look it up in a dictionary.\n\n> 好\n\n\"Female\" (kangxi #38) on left. \"Child\" (kangxi #39) on right. So, \"female\" is\nreference radical, but there still are two radicals.\n\n> 薄\n\n\"Grass\" (kangxi #140) radical on top. \"Water\" (kangxi #85) radical to left.\nKangxi #41 (\"thumb / inch\") radical on bottom. So, the top radical is most\nimportant. The reference radical is \"grass\".\n\nOrganizing kanji is already difficult enough. Making a kanji such as 薄\nreferenceable by all 3 radicals would just be untenable. The (top / left /\nbottom / right) convention solves that problem. Of course, there are\nexceptions to the convention such as kangxi #163. Don't ever give-up until you\nlook under kangxi #1.\n\n**Also** , the number of strokes in a radical enhances its precedence... yes.\nit can be very frustrating using kanji dictionaries such as _Nelson_. People\nthese days just use handwriting recognition. For example, one dark day I was\nbrought to tears looking for \"音\". I kept referencing by the smaller radicals I\nsaw. But in fact the whole kanji is a radical by itself. You've got my respect\nfor using dictionaries instead of handwriting recognition!\n\n**final addendum** \nI just came across a perfect example of how radicals can drive you crazy:\n\n> 意\n\nThe more complex radical (9 strokes) that is in the top position, **音** , is\nsomehow _not the reference radical_. Rather, it is the simpler radical on\nbottom, **心**. You gotta love it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-08T16:51:02.237",
"id": "44208",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-11T20:12:14.537",
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{
"body": "Strictly speaking, **each kanji belongs to only one radical**. According to\nWikipedia (emphasis mine):\n\n> ### [部首](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_\\(Chinese_characters\\))\n>\n> A Chinese radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; literally: \"section header\")\n> is a graphical component of a Chinese character **under which the character\n> is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary.** This component is often a\n> semantic indicator (that is, an indicator of the meaning of the character),\n> though in some cases the original semantic connection has become obscure,\n> owing to changes in character meaning over time. In other cases, the radical\n> may be a phonetic component or even an artificially extracted portion of the\n> character.\n\nFor example, the radical of 男 is 田, not 力. The radical of 音 is 音, not 立 nor 日.\nThe radical of [嬲](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AC%B2) is 女, not 男 nor 田\nnor 力. Confused? Don't worry, I'm also confused. And that's why, in higher\nlevels of [kanji-kentei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji_kentei), there\nare questions [which ask you to point out the correct radical of a\nkanji](http://kanken.jitenon.jp/mondai-busyu02z-01.html).\n\nHowever, ordinary people may use 部首 somewhat loosely, and it may refer to any\nrecognizable component of a kanji. Modern IMEs have a 部首検索 (\"search by\nradical\") function, and you can usually use whichever component you may\nrecognize.\n\n[](http://kanken.jitenon.jp/mondai-\nbusyu02z-01.html)\n\nKnowing 部首 is definitely worthwhile to a certain degree, but don't be too much\nbothered by difficult and tricky ones :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T19:09:02.697",
"id": "44210",
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},
{
"body": "There are multiple types of radicals. The traditional radical is the or\n[Japanese bushu, Chinese Kangxi, both written in kanji as\n部首](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangxi_radical).\n\nWith the advent of the computer a different kind of Kanji dictionary came into\nexistence. I think this multi-radical method was developed by Jim Rose of\n[KanjiCafe](http://www.kanjicafe.com). This dictionary allows you to select\nall the \"radical\" sub-kanji that compose the Kanji.\n\nMy old Canon Word-tank denshi jiso uses the bushu radical lookup method.\n\nMost of the online western kanji dictionaries use multi-radical dictionary\nlookup. For example, see [the dictionary on Jim Breen's\nsite](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-bin/wwwjdic?1R) or [Denshi\nJiso](http://jisho.org/#radical). I've been using Jim Breen's site for years\nand I think it was the first on-line multi-radical dictionary. The radical\nlook-up files it uses and distributes are credited to Jim Rose.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-14T19:58:31.247",
"id": "44440",
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| 44204 | 44210 | 44210 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44219",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have seen NTT, OPEC, DIY, NHK, etc. used but are there any Kanji acronyms\ncommonly used?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T19:41:10.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44212",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T00:04:09.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Are Kanji acronyms ever used?",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "I'm thinking like 漢検 for the 漢字検定. I guess that counts.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T20:32:46.640",
"id": "44213",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-08T20:32:46.640",
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{
"body": "There are hundreds and perhaps thousands of those, so it would be almost\nunnatural to list just a few here. Instead, I am posting a good link I have\nfound.\n\n<http://a.yourpedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E7%95%A5%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-09T00:04:09.633",
"id": "44219",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 44212 | 44219 | 44219 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've tried to look up the word はわはわ in a dictionary and online with no\nsuccess, I haven't a clue as to what it's referring to in this phrase;\n\n> はわはわしてんじゃないわよ\n\nPerhaps it's an onomatopoetic or mimetic word? Can anyone help?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T20:41:09.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44214",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20202",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does はわはわ mean?",
"view_count": 2939
} | [
{
"body": "I've never heard (seen) \"はわはわ,\" but it could be an onomatopoeic word created\nand used by somebody. \nEven we have never heard such an onomatopoeic word like \"はわはわ\", we can feel\nthe situation might be helpless or unreliable. \nWe sometimes see such onomatopoeic words in Manga.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T00:42:22.513",
"id": "44222",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T00:42:22.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "An easy question for an otaku :)\n\nIt's an onomatopoetic word made from はわわ, which is an idiosyncratic word\nuttered by a panicked/flustered/surprised person (mainly fictional girls).\nBasically it's something like _whoa_ , _wow_ but sounds more peculiar and\nmaybe cute. A typical はわわ is like\n[this](https://twitter.com/syunpeeee/status/791156352299175936) or\n[this](https://twitter.com/kanihamiso/status/597314875992354816). For example,\nInazuma from _Kan-colle_ is one of the characters who say はわわ～ whenever she is\nsurprised. You can listen to her hawawa\n[here](http://kancolle.wikia.com/wiki/Inazuma).\n\nSo はわはわしてんじゃないわよ is an otaku-ish and reproaching way to say \"Don't lose your\ncool\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T01:57:39.977",
"id": "44225",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 44214 | null | 44225 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44223",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both 部品{ぶひん} and 用品{ようひん} are translated as **parts**. Is there a difference\nin their usage?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T21:33:53.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44216",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T00:53:03.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-usage",
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "部品 vs. 用品 - difference in usage",
"view_count": 112
} | [
{
"body": "The \"部品{ぶひん}\" is the most widely used term as \"parts.\" We seldom solely use\nthe term \"用品{ようひん}.\"\n\n> 工場では、たくさんの部品が組み立てられて、完成品になります。 \n> In manufacturing plants, thounsand of parts are assembled into finished\n> products.\n>\n> 日用品{にちようひん} daily commoditiy \n> 台所用品{だいどころようひん} kitchen wares \n> アウトドア用品{ようひん} outdoor gear\n\nThe term \"用品\" doesn't mean \"parts\" but products.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T22:30:50.657",
"id": "44218",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-08T22:36:51.010",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-08T22:36:51.010",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "「部品{ぶひん}」 and 「用品{ようひん}」 mean totally different things; therefore, there\nshould virtually be no interchangeability between the two.\n\n「部品」 means \"part(s)\", \"component(s)\", etc. of a product. From bolts to nuts\nand from springs to bearings, every little thing that is used to assemble a\nproduct is called 「部品」.\n\n「用品」 is completely different. It means a product used in a particular area of\nlife, activity, etc. It does NOT mean \"part(s)\".\n\nFor instance, 「テニス用品」 refers to all things needed for the game of tennis --\nrackets, shoes, wear, strings, etc.\n\n「キッチン用品」 would refer to plates, pots, pans, spatulas, etc.\n\n「用品」, therefore, are already finished products in and of themselves.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T00:53:03.747",
"id": "44223",
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"score": 8
}
]
| 44216 | 44223 | 44223 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44220",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the following sentence\n\n不幸の手紙から、全然進歩しちゃいない\n\nI'm not too sure what the しちゃいない means ( I know what the sentence means).\n\nI know that ちゃ is a contraction of ては but in that grammar I've always seen it\nfollowed by 駄目、いけない or ならない. Is the いない just the negative of いる and can follow\non since we had the て form (as well as は particle) of する？in which case I'm\nthen not sure of the meaning of just しちゃ...\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-08T21:45:06.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44217",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T19:21:18.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9275",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "しちゃいない meaning in this sentence.",
"view_count": 1938
} | [
{
"body": "不幸の手紙から、全然進歩しちゃいない\n\n・進歩する present form, positive \n・進歩しない present form, negative\n\n・進歩した perfect form, positive \n・進歩してはいない perfect form, negative (denial of positive)\n\n・進歩しちゃいない casual perfect form, negative \n(しては＋いない → しちゃ＋いない）",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T00:34:14.117",
"id": "44220",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T00:34:14.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19219",
"parent_id": "44217",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I searched the expression on Google and felt that it has less to do with\n「しては+いけない」。People have been using this expression to describe unexpected\ncontrasts.\n\n「しちゃいない」＝「してはいない」 means the same thing as 「していない」, and 「は」is inserted to\nemphasize the state being described by the phrase 「していない」.\n\nSo in this case, the speaker of this sentence really wants to highlight the\nfact that there is no progress at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T19:21:18.543",
"id": "44252",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T19:21:18.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20212",
"parent_id": "44217",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 44217 | 44220 | 44220 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44226",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sorry if this isn't exactly the most 'language' related question, but what\nranges of Unicode code points are needed to write Japanese?\n\nI've got the Hiragana, Katakana, punctuation, etc; but the jōyō-Kanji are\nmixed in with the other Chinese characters.\n\nI'm not asking for each code point, just the ranges, the pairings of starting\nand ending code points needed to define blocks of kanji.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T00:38:52.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44221",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T05:07:53.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"jōyō-kanji",
"unicode"
],
"title": "What Unicode code points are needed to write Japanese Jōyō-Kanji?",
"view_count": 1699
} | [
{
"body": "The basic [CJK Unified Ideographs (U+4E00 -\nU+9FFF)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs_\\(Unicode_block\\))\ncontain all of the characters defined in [JIS X\n0208](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_0208) (aka 第1水準/第2水準), which\ncontains _almost_ all of the kanji in the _current_ joyo-kanji list. As you\nknow, this block [looks like\nthis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CJK_Unified_Ideographs,_part_1_of_4),\nand it includes common and uncommon kanji from both Japanese and Chinese\njumbled together. There is no simple way to narrow this down. Kanji in U+4E00\n- U+9FFF should satisfy more than 99% of the needs to write Japanese kanji.\n\nI said _almost_ because an addition of Joyo-kanji occurred in 2010, which says\none added character is a historically \"different\" kanji from what has been\nincluded in JIS X 0208. This resulted in one joyo-kanji being in Extension B\nblock if you strictly need to reproduce the appearance listed in the new\nofficial Joyo-kanji list. People usually use the original JIS X 0208 version\nwithout even noticing it. This joyo-kanji is 𠮟: it is `U+20B9F` (in\nSupplementary Ideographic Plane; SIP), but many people use 叱 `U+53F1` which\nhas been available since the plain old JIS X 0208. See [this\narticle](https://hydrocul.github.io/wiki/blog/2014/1201-shikaru.html) (in\nJapanese).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T03:53:34.177",
"id": "44226",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44221",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 44221 | 44226 | 44226 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44230",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "知らされる means \"to be informed\".\n\n知らせる means \"to inform\"\n\nWhy is 知らせされる not used? I almost always hear/see 知らされる。Is it a different verb\nentirely?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T05:51:21.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44227",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T18:27:43.213",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-09T07:16:41.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"causation"
],
"title": "知らせる・知らされる conjugation",
"view_count": 800
} | [
{
"body": "There is also a verb 知らす \"to inform/notify\" and 知らされる is the passive of this\nverb.\n\nAs explained in @l'électeur's answer to the question [Causative せる/させる vs.\nす/さす](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43474/1628), 知らす is an older form\n(文語体) of 知らせる (口語体) with the same meaning. (Most if not all causative forms\n～せる can be thought of having derived from an older ～す verb.)\n\n* * *\n\nYou also ask about *知らせ **され** る, which is not a correct form. The causative\nof 知らせる is 知らせ **させ** る. The passive is 知らせ **られ** る.\n\n### Causative 知らせさせる\n\n知らせる (and 知らす) are already the causative form of 知る, even if they are used\nmore idiomatically as \"to inform\", rather than the literal \"to make [someone]\nknow\".\n\nIn any case, the causative of 知らせる, which would be 知らせさせる, could in principle\nbe used, e.g.\n\n> 知らせさせてください \n> Please allow me to inform [someone else]\n\nHowever, such cases are probably quite rare.\n\n### Passive 知らせられる vs 知らされる\n\nAs you seem to have noticed, 知らせられる and 知らされる are passives of two different\nbut related verbs that mean the same thing.\n\nI think 知らされる can be thought of as the _de facto_ passive of 知らせる. 知らせられる\nappears not to be used. (At least not as a passive; of course, the potential\nis of the same form.)\n\nSomething similar seems to happen with other verbs. For example, やる has a\ncausative やらせる and _de facto_ passive やらされる. The passive やらせられる is hardly ever\nused.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T07:15:19.770",
"id": "44230",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T18:27:43.213",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 44227 | 44230 | 44230 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44231",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "{{pad}} ジブリの『もののけ姫』ではジコ坊はこう言います。\n\n> 天土{あまつち}の間にある、全ての物を欲するは人の業{ごう}というものだ。\n\n{{pad}}\n上記の「人の業{ごう}」の意味がよく分かりません。「…全てのものを欲するのが人というものだ。」なら理解できますが、辞書を引いても「人の業{ごう}」はピンと来ませんでした。この言葉の意味を教えていただけますでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T05:58:08.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44228",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T23:30:12.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 業{ごう} in this line?",
"view_count": 427
} | [
{
"body": "この「業」は、一般的には[\n_karma_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism)と訳されます。主に仏教の用語なので難しく考えだすとキリがないのですが、普通の人は「将来の自分や子孫に（宗教的／倫理的な）影響を及ぼすような、何らかの行動」という程度に理解しています。通常は「[業が深い](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%A5%AD%E3%81%8C%E6%B7%B1%E3%81%84)」や「[自業自得](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/leaf/idiom/%E8%87%AA%E6%A5%AD%E8%87%AA%E5%BE%97/m0u/)」などのように、あまり良くない定型句で使われます。定型句以外では、現代人はむしろ「カルマ」の方を好んで使うかもしれません（こちらはそんなに悪い意味はありません）。\n\nこの文脈では「（良くはないが、避けることもできない）人間の本質的な行い」と捉えていればよいのではないでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T07:49:43.283",
"id": "44231",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T09:21:59.183",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Naruto's answer is good, but it never hurts to post a dictionary entry with\nexample sentences.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/br4ww.jpg)\n\n* * *\n\nSource: 新和英大辞典 第5版 ― 並装",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T14:33:04.820",
"id": "44239",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-09T14:33:04.820",
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"owner_user_id": "19357",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I've often thought that \" _works_ \" makes a good translation for 業{ごう} in\nEnglish.\n\nSo「 **人の業** 」, could translate to something like \" **the works of men** \".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T23:30:12.013",
"id": "44256",
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"owner_user_id": "7055",
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}
]
| 44228 | 44231 | 44231 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Particularly for\n\n * [advantage set / tiebreaker set](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_scoring_system#Scoring_a_tiebreak_game)\n * game\n * set\n * match\n * love (the term used for 0 or a no score situation)\n * 15/30/40\n * deuce\n * advantage in / advantage out",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T08:41:00.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44232",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-11T14:38:30.623",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-11T13:09:59.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "20205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese",
"sports"
],
"title": "What are the common tennis terms in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1317
} | [
{
"body": "advantage set / tiebreaker set\n\nアドバンテージセット/タイブレークセット\n\ngame\n\nゲーム\n\nset\n\nセット\n\nmatch\n\nマッチ\n\nlove (the term used for 0 or a no score situation)\n\nラブ\n\n15/30/40\n\nフィフティーン/サーティー/フォーティー\n\ndeuce\n\nデュース\n\nadvantage in / advantage out\n\nアドバンテージ 太郎(player name) / 二郎(player name)\n\nAs for advantage in/out, they used to call the players' name who took the\npoint following with 'advantage' but nowadays they prefer to call advantage\nin/out just as westerners do.\n\nIn Japan, tennis players tend to be classy people since the Japanese began to\nplay tennis, so I think most tennis terms were imported in their original\nforms because tennis was spread among the intellectual class where no\ntranslation needed, as opposed to baseball which has many Japanese-English\nterms!\n\nThe tennis terms that don't make sense in Japanese that I know are shank,\noverhead and bagel in Japanese respectively フレームに当たる？(I'm not sure) , スマッシュ,\nand 6-0.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T14:38:30.623",
"id": "44308",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-11T14:38:30.623",
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"owner_user_id": "19858",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 44232 | null | 44308 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44235",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I researched several dictionaries and I am unable to precisely identify the\nterm. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T11:57:45.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44234",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-05T11:18:13.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What are the colored borders of a tatami called?",
"view_count": 706
} | [
{
"body": "They are called 「へり」 or 「畳{たたみ}（の）へり」.\n\nThe pitch accent is on the 「り」, which would mean that many J-learners would\ntend to pronounce the word incorrectly by placing the accent on the first\nsyllable 「へ」.\n\nIt is 「[へり]{LH}」.\n\nPut the accent on the 「へ」 and you will be saying the katakana word 「ヘリ」\nmeaning \" **helicopter** \" instead -- 「[ヘリ]{HL}」.\n\n",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T12:01:20.637",
"id": "44235",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-07-05T11:18:13.387",
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"parent_id": "44234",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 44234 | 44235 | 44235 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44241",
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"body": "Looking at the meaning of the individual kanji doesn't help much--Jisho says\neach means: old or ancient; earth or ground; figured cloth or beautiful or\nthin twilled silk fabric; and talk--and although I was able to find an entry\non [[奇譚]{きたん}](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/52687/meaning/m0u/), I still\ncan't fully piece together what this phrase means.\n\nAs far as reading goes, I get the feeling it's something along the lines of\n[古え]{いにしえ}の[地綺譚]{ちきたん}, but I'm not certain.\n\nWith regard to the origin of this phrase, I have no idea. I'm less interested\nin this than the other two, so if you can't answer this that's fine. It's more\nor less a general curiosity.\n\n* * *\n\n**Note** : I am looking at [this\nbook](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%81%A8%E5%B7%A8%E5%83%8F-%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%E3%82%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF-%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E9%80%9A%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BB%E7%95%A5%E6%9C%AC-%E9%80%B1%E5%88%8A%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E9%80%9A%E7%B7%A8%E9%9B%86%E9%83%A8/dp/4047275700),\nwhich is where I found the phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology",
"readings"
],
"title": "What does 古えの地綺譚 mean, how do you read it, and what is its origin?",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "Parse it as 古【いにし】えの地【ち】 + 綺譚【きたん】.\n\n * **古えの** : =古【いにしえ】の; of the ancient times, ancient (so-called \"no-adjective\")\n * **地** : place, land\n * **綺譚** : (beautiful/mysterious) tale, story (according to [this page](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/826391.html), it's a word made up by [Kafu Nagai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C5%AB_Nagai) in the early 20th century. 奇譚 literally means \"mysterious tale\" and 綺譚 literally means \"beautiful tale\", but the difference is not probably important here. Now this word is [found in the title of many books](https://www.amazon.co.jp/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?__mk_ja_JP=%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A&url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=%E7%B6%BA%E8%AD%9A).)\n\nSo those amount to \"ancient place's story\" or \"tales of the ancient land\". As\nfor the origin, I think it's just the subtitle of this specific book.",
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| 44240 | 44241 | 44241 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44246",
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"body": "I am asking this question because it might be possible for two Kanji\ncharacters, if written in reverse order, could have the same meaning. Thank\nyou very much.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-09T16:54:17.593",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Can a two Kanji character word ever have the same meaning if written in reverse order?",
"view_count": 1885
} | [
{
"body": "Ever? Yes. 日日 has the same meaning forward and reverse.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-09T16:59:01.117",
"id": "44243",
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"body": "Usually reversing the order drastically changes the meaning even if it happens\nto mean something:\n\n> * 会社【かいしゃ】 company ≠ 社会【しゃかい】 society\n> * 牛乳【ぎゅうにゅう】 cow milk ≠ 乳牛【にゅうぎゅう】 milk cow\n> * 現実【げんじつ】 reality ≠ 実現【じつげん】 realization\n> * 家出【いえで】 running away from home ≠ 出家【しゅっけ】 entering the priesthood\n> * 日本【にほん】 Japan ≠ 本日【ほんじつ】 today\n>\n\nBut some pairs have a very similar meaning, if not completely interchangeable.\nExamples include:\n\n> * 表裏【ひょうり】 ≒ 裏表【うらおもて】 two sides (eg of a paper)\n> * 性根【しょうこん】 ≒ 根性【こんじょう】 nature (of a person), character\n> * 階上【かいじょう】 ≒ 上階【じょうかい】 upper floor\n> * 年毎【としごと】 ≒ 毎年【まいとし】 every year\n> * 誕生【たんじょう】 ≒ 生誕【せいたん】 birth\n> * 野山【のやま】 ≒ 山野【さんや】 hills and fields\n> * 事物【じぶつ】 ≒ 物事【ものごと】 things\n> * 苦労【くろう】 ≒ 労苦【ろうく】 hardship\n> * 左右【さゆう】 ≒ 右左【みぎひだり】 left and right\n> * 凹凸【おうとつ】 ≒ 凸凹【でこぼこ】 unevenness\n> * 祖先【そせん】 ≒ 先祖【せんぞ】 ancestor\n>",
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| 44242 | 44246 | 44246 |
{
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"body": "The scenario is two friends talking on a cell phone, A tells B she wants to\ntailor a piece of clothing, B offers to give her materials, A kindly declines\nthe offer saying she'll find the materials herself but B scolds her for this,\nB also says this when scolds A:\n\n> 材料なんてこのへんに…ホラね、あった！\n\nI know ホラ can mean \"see!\" or \"I told you so\" but I'm not sure if it applies to\nthe above context since it doesn't seem to make sense? Does it take on a\ndifferent meaning here?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-09T17:04:53.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"slang"
],
"title": "What is \"ホラね、あった\" referring to?",
"view_count": 469
} | [
{
"body": "ほら can be simple \"hey!\" and/or \"look!\":\n\n> * ほら見て！ Hey look!\n> * ほら、あそこ！ Look, over there!\n>\n\nIt's also used as an interjection that means \"see? I told you so!\", \"just as I\nsaid!\" on its own.\n\n> * ほらー。／ほらね？ I told you! / As I expected!\n>\n\nIn your example it's used in this (second) sense. So in this context B wants\nto convince A that she doesn't have to find her material by herself because B\nalready has one. B said ホラ because B confirmed his/her opinion was right.",
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| 44244 | null | 44247 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44260",
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"body": "I thought that it might be a sound, but it may also mean bubble wrap. I just\nwant to clarify. Thank you very much.",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-09T18:19:39.197",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What does プチプチ mean?",
"view_count": 177
} | [
{
"body": "プチプチ{HLLL} is an onomatopoeia for the sound when bubbles (or something\nswollen) pop continually. It's reduplication of プチ（っと）.\n\nプチプチ{LHHH} is the most well-known name of bubble wrap or\n[気泡緩衝材](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E6%B3%A1%E7%B7%A9%E8%A1%9D%E6%9D%90)\n(although it's a brand name). Obviously it's named after the onomatopoeia.",
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| 44248 | 44260 | 44260 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44255",
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"body": "I came across the words \"Boyz\", and \"EZ\" in English, and wondered if any Kanji\ncharacters were used in the same way. Thank you very much.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T19:07:40.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"slang"
],
"title": "Are any Japanese words ever intentionally misspelled for any reason?",
"view_count": 1761
} | [
{
"body": "(It's easier to give examples using kana (それで **わ** , もうやめ **れ** , 止め **ろ**\nください, **ぬ** こ, イ **ソ** ターネット, メー **ノレ** , ふ **いん** き, ようつべ, ...), but you want\nexamples with kanji? Okay...)\n\n{{pad}} For historical reasons Japanese kanij compounds can have dozens of\n[同音異字語](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/15924/5010) (homophones; words\nthat share the same reading but have different kanji). And some argot and net-\nslang words are based on this fact. Perhaps the best-known example is 厨房,\nwhich is from a misspelling(?) of 中坊 (cf. [Use of 厨 on the\nInternet](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/239/5010)). Similar examples\nare writing 脂肪【しぼう】 (\"fat\") instead of 死亡【しぼう】 (\"death\"), writing 妊娠【にんしん】\n(\"pregnant\") instead of 任信【にんしん】 (\"Nintendo fanboy\").\n\n{{pad}} Many slang words were made by creating funny _ateji_ for existing\nwords (including loanwords). 夜露死苦 meaning よろしく is a typical example (cf.\n[Origin of 夜露死苦?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15138/5010)) Other\nfamous examples are 鯖【さば】 meaning _server_ , プロ串【くし】 (or just 串) meaning\n_proxy_ , 垢【あか】 meaning _account_ , 尼【あま】 meaning _Amazon.co.jp_ , 裏山【うらやま】\nmeaning うらやましい (\"I envy it\").\n\nMost of the words I wrote here are more or less dirty or at least heavily\nslangy, so please don't try to use them. I won't.",
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| 44249 | 44255 | 44255 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44259",
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"body": "I was trying to translate this song, it was all going well until I stumbled\nupon this line\n\n> 二人迷わぬよう歩いていけるたった一つの道標\n\nI am having a hard time spliting the words correctly I feel like it either is\nlacking some particles or commas, I'm not really sure... What I could come up\nwith so far:\n\n> 二人(が)迷わぬよう - It's like both do not hesitate.\n>\n> 歩いていけるたった一つの道標 I can only walk one more signpost. (lol sounds weird, I might\n> be wrong)\n\nSo maybe the whole thing should rather be structured like this?\n\n> 二人(が)迷わぬよう、歩いていけるたった一つの道標。 It's like both do not hesitate, (but) I can only\n> walk one more signpost.\n\nThanks in advance!\n\nPs: This is the last line of one paragraph of the song, so it's a ful sentence\nwhich should hold some meaning alone, also the previous line is talking about\nother stuff aswell.\n\nEDIT: The whole paragraph of this song is this:\n\n> 一枚一枚増える色の違う写真めくる様に\n>\n> 伝えたかった事は今も昔もずっと同じままだよ\n>\n> 二人迷わぬよう歩いていけるたったひとつの道標.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-09T19:10:36.563",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Lack of particles in songs",
"view_count": 486
} | [
{
"body": "Could this mean the only signpost which both people can reach by walking\nwithout hesitation? And the insertion of が looks right.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-09T19:36:24.360",
"id": "44253",
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"body": "The critical problem here is wrong parsing:\n\n> ［二人（が／で）迷わぬよう（に）歩いていける］たった一つの道標 \n> _(It is) the only signpost [that enables us (two) walk along (in pair)\n> without(=the way not) losing our way]_\n\nIt's a typical \"gapless\" relative clause explained in [this\ntopic](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14541/7810). The literal\ntranslation would be \"the only one signpost that/where we can walk along...\"\nbut it doesn't make sense in English, I guess. This construction tells\n\"signpost\" has something to do with \"we can walk along without being lost\",\nthus results in the translation above.\n\nFor lack of particles, you can insert が or で after 二人 (it's ambiguous whether\nit means \"we two\" or \"in two of us\"). You can also add に after よう, but it\ndoesn't change the meaning in this context.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-10T00:15:49.123",
"id": "44259",
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{
"body": "> 「二人迷{ふたりまよ}わぬよう歩{ある}いていけるたった一{ひと}つの道標{みちしるべ}」\n\nFirst of all, this is only a relative clause, not a sentence of any kind.\nEverything in front of 「道標」 modifies 「道標」.\n\nIf a somewhat long phrase ends with a noun, there is a big possibility that it\nis a relative clause and not a sentence.\n\nSecond of all, even though no particles are \"lacking\" in the first place, let\nus add a couple if that helps.\n\n> 「二人（ **が** ）迷わぬよう（ **に** ）歩いていけるたった一つの道標」\n\nIf one blindly believes that this is a sentence, trust me, one's translation\nis bound to look at least weird or awkward because it is not a sentence to\nbegin with. Since it is a relative clause, a good TL will have to start with:\n\n> \"the only road sign (← 道標) that/which ~~~~~~~~~~\"\n\nMy own TL would be:\n\n> \"the only road sign that enables the two of us to continue walking without\n> getting lost\"",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 44250 | 44259 | 44259 |
{
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"body": "I'm having a little trouble translating the following passage ---\n\n> なのにあんたときたら三年前再会してからは何かっていうと電話してきて…新商品のパンが美味しいとか、どぉっでもいいのよ！\n\nI've read various guides about っていう and how it's used but it all seems to have\nflown out the window when I read the above in a novel.\n\nMy translation of it (please do correct me if I happen to be wrong):\n\nなのに - is a conjunction so but/however etc;\n\nあんたときたら - \"concerning you/as for you\" (I thinkときたら is interchangeable with the\nは particle?)\n\n三年前再会してから - \"after we met again 3 years ago\"\n\n何か - something/anything\n\nっていう - called/meaning (confused about what it's defining or describing here)\n\n電話してきて - \"phoned me\"\n\n新商品のパンが美味しいとか - \"new stock of bread is delicious amongst other things\"\n\nどぉっでもいい - it looks to be どうでもいい which means \"it doesn't matter\"\n\nYou see, I find it difficult to actually put all of that into a sentence\nbecause the っていう is really throwing me off, what is its purpose in this\nparticular sentence? any help is appreciated!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-09T22:29:05.287",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "What exactly is っていう defining here?",
"view_count": 3761
} | [
{
"body": "The major problem with your part-by-part translation are these parts:\n\n> 何か - something/anything\n>\n> っていう - called/meaning\n\nNeither would work unfortunately. The phrase that you should instead be\nlooking at is:\n\n> 「何{なに}かっていうと」,\n\nwhich is a colloquial way of saying 「何かというと」, which means:\n\n> \" **using every possible pretext to ~~** \"\n\nSo, that part of the sentence means:\n\n> \"you've been using every possible pretext to call me and ~~~\"\n\nFinally, for the pronunciation-conscious learners:\n\n「なにか」 meaning \"something\" and 「なにか」 in this expression are _**pronounced\ndifferently**_.\n\n「[なにか]{HLL}」 for \"something\"\n\n「[なにか]{LHH}」 in the expression in question",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-10T01:06:28.680",
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| 44254 | null | 44262 |
{
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"body": "I'll just write the sentence here and hope I get some good translations.\nAlways thankful. :)\n\n\"僕がしたいって聞いた事をこんなにも叶えてくれようとしてくれてるんだもん\"\n\n(My rough translation): I want to do (or things I want to do) that I asked for\nand getting to (try to)??? fulfill things like this what the heck???\n\nI understand the basic idea of what is being said, but I have a few specific\nworries.\n\n 1. したいって聞いたこと; Is he talking about things he want or things he asked others that he wanted to do?\n 2. こんなにも; Never quite understood how nimo works. . .\n 3. (Hardest part) かなえてくれようとしてくれてるんだもん; Here my head just goes crazy and I see a hundred rules popping up everywhere. This is probably the hardest segment of them all. The others are just minor issues, while this one is the main problem I have with this sentence.\n\nGood luck and thanks in advance. :_=)",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Japanese sentence that needs translation",
"view_count": 203
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{
"body": "* 僕がしたいって聞いたこと: ＝僕が「したい」と聞いたこと. Hmm this part is ambiguous because 聞く can mean both _to ask_ and _to hear_. Either \"the requests I heard from others\" (someone else said したい) or \"the things I asked for\" (僕 himself said したい). Since you said it's in porn, perhaps this means the latter, but only you can determine which is correct.\n * こんなにも: こんなに (\"like this\") + も (intensifier) → \"this much\"\n\n叶えてくれようとしてくれてるんだもん is a colloquialism for 叶えてくれようとしてくれて **い** る **の** だも\n**の**. Yes lots of grammatical aspects are involved, so please refer to the\nlinks below.\n\n * 叶えて: the te-form of 叶える (\"fulfill\", \"grant\")\n * くれよう: the volitional form of the [subsidiary verb くれる](http://maggiesensei.com/2010/02/22/%EF%BC%88%E3%80%9C%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%89%E3%81%82%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%8B%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%8B%E3%82%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%86-shite-ageru%EF%BC%8Bkureru%EF%BC%8Bmorau/). (\"for me\")\n * [～ようとする](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5005/5010): to try to do ～ (\"to try to do ～ for me\")\n * ～ようとして: the te-form of the above (\"trying to do ～ for me\")\n * くれて: the te-form of the subsidiary verb くれる\n * る/いる: the subsidiary verb denoting [an action in progress](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010) (\"is doing\")\n * んだもん/のだもの: \"It's because ...\", \"Coz...\" \n * ん/の: [explanatory-no](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010)\n * だ: the copula (\"be\")\n * もん/もの: a sentence-end particle. See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2240/5010) and [this](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE-mono/).\n\nSo put together, the sentence probably means \"Cos you're trying to fulfill my\nwishes this much for me.\" It may mean \"Cos you're trying to fulfill their\nwishes, which I heard from them, this much for me.\"\n\nThis sentence is not very well-written. You should not repeat くれる like this.\nThis sentence should be either one of the followings:\n\n * ～叶えようとしてくれてるんだもん Cos you're trying to fulfill for me...\n * ～叶えてくれようとしてるんだもん Cos you're trying to fulfill for me...",
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| 44265 | null | 44266 |
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"body": "By now, it's pretty simple to find different ways of refusing invitations in\nJapanese. However, what I can't really seem to find is a **reply to a\nrefusal**. Something like _I'm sorry you can't make it_ , _I hope you can join\nme next time_ or even a simple _That sucks, man._\n\nSo, what would be an appropriate reply to somebody's ちょっと用事があるんですけど (or\nwhatever)? The only thing I could come up with my limited Japanese skills is\nsomething like 残念ですね but that seems a bit bland.\n\nI'd be interested in both a casual version and a more formal one.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"expressions",
"invitation"
],
"title": "Replying to a refusal of an invitation",
"view_count": 296
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{
"body": "more casual: そっかぁ。\n\nmore formal: ご都合も考えず申し訳ありません。お気になさらないでください。",
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"body": "**Informal** :\n\n・あっちゃー。\n\n・あっちゃー、そりゃ残念{ざんねん}。\n\n・あ、そうなんだぁ。じゃあしょうがないね。\n\n・えーマジ（で）？じゃあまた今度{こんど}ね！\n\nI could go on all night..\n\n**Formal** :\n\n・そうですか、それは残念です。ではまたの機会{きかい}に。\n\n・左様｛さよう｝でしたか。では仕方｛しかた｝がありませんね。またお誘｛さそ｝いします！\n\n・そうでしたかぁ。それは残念ですねぇ。では、また次回{じかい}ということで。\n\nSomebody stop me by force!",
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| 44268 | null | 44280 |
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"body": "Both ゴミ and 廃棄物｛はいきぶつ｝ have the meaning of waste, but how could I distinguish\nthese two words? For sure they have some different points in meaning.\n\nOriginally I thought, that ゴミ is informal word for 廃棄物｛はいきぶつ｝, but now I think\nthat it is not true...",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
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"title": "Difference between words ゴミ and 廃棄物",
"view_count": 221
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{
"body": "ごみ means just dust, general one. Children, old persons or anyone can make it\nand throw it into the trash box and clean it. But 廃棄物 don't sound normal one.\nPerhaps children can't make it. There is not it in the trash box. Maybe the\nspecialist can deal with it (e.g. 産業廃棄物).",
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"body": "廃棄物 is made of 廃棄 + 物\n\napparently 廃棄する means \"to abolish, to scrap, to repeal\" (both physical things\nand stuff like treaties). So I guess we can think of `廃棄物` as _waste_\n(something to be disposed of) and `ごみ` as _trash/garbage/dust/dirt_ (something\nto be cleaned up and thrown away but not necessarily destroyed).\n\nIt also helps to check examples in the dictionaries to get a better feel of\nthe usage. E.g. for 廃棄物 you find \"factory waste\", \"radioactive waste\",\n\"polluted by waste\", \"reducing waste\", while for ゴミ it's usually something\nrelated to household/street garbage and figurative meaning of \"trash\".",
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| 44270 | 47225 | 47225 |
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"body": "What is the difference between words 目的 ｛もくてき｝/目標｛もくひょう｝ and 方針｛ほうしん｝? I found\na question, which explains the difference between 目的 ｛もくてき｝/目標｛もくひょう｝( [What\nare the differences between「目的」and\n「目標」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9790/what-are-the-\ndifferences-between-%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84-and-%E7%9B%AE%E6%A8%99) ), but I wonder\nhow to distinguish them from the word 方針｛ほうしん｝.",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
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"title": "Difference between words 目的 /目標 and 方針",
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{
"body": "目的 or 目標 is a sort of objective, you can get it and get to it. It's concrete\none. 方針 is not a goal but where you face or what methods you choose. You can't\nreach it because 方針 is not what you want.\n\nI have a sort of 目標. I have decided the 方針 in order to achive my 目標.",
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"body": "Usually, Basho's famous haiku, when written with a translation, is presented\nthus:\n\n> 古池や \n> 蛙飛び込む \n> 水の音\n\nAnd translated roughly (similar to three out of five translations available in\n[Wikisource](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Frog_Poem)):\n\n> An old pond \n> A frog leaps \n> The sound of water\n\nHowever, there are inversions of order of the last two lines, as was brought\nto my attention in [a recent post I made in the Literature Stack\nExchange](https://literature.stackexchange.com/questions/2024/why-are-haiku-\nusually-of-17-syllables#comment3609_2027):\n\n> An old pond \n> The sound of water \n> As a frog leaps in/Of a frog leaping in\n\nHere, the second line is modified by the third, whereas in the first, they\nstand separate.\n\nIn Japanese, what type of clause is the phrase 「蛙飛び込む」 in this haiku?",
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"tags": [
"syntax",
"relative-clauses",
"haiku"
],
"title": "What type of clause is 「蛙飛び込む」 in the famous haiku by Basho?",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "Grammatically 蛙飛び込む modifies 水の音 as a relative clause. It's not that 水の音\nmodifies 蛙飛び込む. [Japanese is an almost pure head-final\nlanguage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_\\(linguistics\\)#Head-\ninitial_vs._head-final_languages), which means a modifying part almost always\ncomes before a modified part.\n\nThis relative clause is a bit special, and it's a bit hard to give a very\nliteral translation of 蛙飛び込む水の音. This is called a gapless relative clause\ndescribed [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010), or type C\nrelative clause described\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39551/5010). Basically 蛙飛び込む\nexplains what kind of 水の音 we are dealing with. One rather literal translation\nwould be \"the sound of water of/from a frog's leaping in.\" Although this one\nis grammatically closer to the original haiku, it doesn't look similar to the\noriginal in terms of line order. So neither is definitely better than the\nother.",
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| 44274 | 44287 | 44287 |
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"body": "Situation: Your friend shows a picture of her child playing with a dog and you\nwant to say you have a soft spot for both of them. Is there any equivalent\nword for \"both of them\" in Japanese? I think I might say this 私はふたりに目がない but\nI'm not sure. Any suggestion?",
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"words",
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"title": "How to refer human and animal as \"both of them\"?",
"view_count": 3548
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{
"body": "Most naturally, I would say:\n\n> 「 **どっちも** かわいい。」 (\"They're both cute!\")\n\nIt is fairly unnatural to use 「ふたり」 in the situation in question. I might not\nsay it is impossible, but as a native spekaer, I can promise that it will\nsound pretty weird even to a big animal lover.",
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"body": "Use 子{こ}達{たち} for group of children, dogs, cats or adorable animals.\n\n> 「かわいい子達ですね。」\n>\n> \"They are cute!\"\n>\n> 「かわいい子達だな〜と思いました。」\n>\n> \"I thought/felt they are cute!\"\n\nAbove are expressions that make use of polite phrases i.e. 子達 and ですね. These\nexpressions could vary when expressed by female speakers or expressed in other\ndialects.\n\n**References**\n\n * [子達 on Jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%AD%90%E9%81%94)\n * [子達 on Weblio辞書](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%AD%90%E9%81%94)\n * [ですね on Weblio辞書](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%AD)",
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"body": "someone is amazed by his friend's ability of dancing well so he asked him\nどこかでなろうたんですか\n\nand his friend replied ええ、坂本さんに教えてもらいました。彼、ダンスがとくいなんです。\n\nI don't get the meaning \"なろうたんですか” here ?",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-10T16:29:03.750",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"dialects",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "どこかでなろうたんですか。meaning?",
"view_count": 342
} | [
{
"body": "「なろうた」 is how Kansai people say 「ならった/習った」 (\"learned\").\n\n> 「どこかでなろうたんですか。」\n\nthus means:\n\n> \"Did you learn it someplace?\"\n\nOther examples of this Kansaiism:\n\n・わらった ⇒ わろうた (laughed)\n\n・あらった ⇒ あろうた (washed)\n\n・もらった ⇒ もろうた (received)",
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"body": "Someone asked his/her friend \"What did you do after the wedding party\" and\nhis/her friend said:\n\n> ええ、すこしながいやすみをとって、きれいな鳥に連れてってもらいます。\n\nI don't understand the meaning of \"鳥に\" here, and \"連れてってもらいます\" here .",
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"tags": [
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"title": "きれいな鳥に連れてってもらいます",
"view_count": 312
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{
"body": "きれいな鳥に連れてってもらいます literally means \"I will have [my husband] take me to a\nbeautiful bird.\"\n\n * きれいな: beautiful\n * 鳥: bird\n * に: (destination marker)\n * 連れて: te-form of 連れる \"to take someone (to somewhere)\"\n * って: contraction for いって, which is the te-form of the subsidiary verb [いく](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010)\n * もらいます: masu-form of もらう (implies someone does a favor for you; see [What is the meaning of もらう here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14828/5010))\n\nOf course it makes little sense. Perhaps you have mixed 鳥【とり】 (bird) and\n**島【しま】** ( **island** )? Going to a beautiful island for a honeymoon is\ncertainly a common thing to do.",
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| 44283 | 44289 | 44289 |
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"body": "I want to verify if 行ってもいい is the correct term, or if another word(s) can be\nused.",
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"english-to-japanese"
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"title": "What is a term for \"good to go\"?",
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{
"body": "(Really wanted to add this in the comment but don't have enough reputation)\n\n「準備できた」 is a normal expression in this case. It could mean many things\nincluding not just \"good to go\" but also \"ready for a trip\", \"ready for\ndelivery\".",
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"body": "One idiomatic way of saying \"good to go\" is\n\n> 準備万端（です）\n\n準備 (also 用意) means \"preparations\".\n\nAnother standard way would be\n\n> 準備でき（まし）た or \n> 用意でき（まし）た\n\n* * *\n\n行ってもいい could be misunderstood as asking \"may I go?\". 行く may indeed be used in\nthis context for \"are you good/ready to go?\" as 「（もう）行けますか」. However, I\n_don't_ think 「行ってもいいです（よ）」 would be a natural way of saying \"I'm good to go\".",
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| 44284 | 44286 | 44286 |
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"body": "When explaining how to write a kanji verbally (by using radicals) is it more\nnatural to say the radical, then the base kanji, or the other way around? Does\nit matter?:\n\n> (1)「 **てへん** 」に「 **しろ** 」でできている漢字の、音読みと訓読みを言いなさい。 \n> (2)「 **しろ** 」に「 **てへん** 」でできている漢字の、音読みと訓読みを言いなさい。\n>\n> (1) 「 **さんずい** 」に「 **さき** 」でできている漢字の、音読みと訓読みを言いなさい。 \n> (2) 「 **さき** 」に「 **さんずい** 」でできている漢字の、音読みと訓読みを言いなさい。\n>\n> (1) 「 **うかんむり** 」に「 **たに** 」でできている漢字の、音読みと訓読みを言いなさい。 \n> (2) 「 **たに** 」に「 **うかんむり** 」でできている漢字の、音読みと訓読みを言いなさい。\n\nDoes this drill seem like a natural way to learn radicals? Or are these more\nlike trivia questions?",
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "To describe how to write a kanji, is it more useful to say the radical first, or the base kanji?",
"view_count": 133
} | [
{
"body": "In speech people usually say the well-known radical first. 「てへんにしろ\n(=拍)」「さんずいにさき (=洗)」「うかんむりにたに (=容)」 sound perfect to me. しろにてへん is not wrong\nbut sounds awkward.\n\n述べなさい or 答えなさい is better than 言いなさい here, though.",
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| 44290 | 44291 | 44291 |
{
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"body": "I've been trying to research my family back through my Japanese heritage. I\ngot all the way back to the Masuhara name but didn't know the kanji. I knew\nthat I had a Great Uncle that was a doctor. I finally found his gravestone and\nI've translated the first two kanji as the Masuhara name 「増原」and the ドクトル\nsince he was a doctor. But I can't really see or understand the last few kanji\non there. I tried using the google translate writing tool just to see if the\nkanji would come up and I think I got one that looked similar and was like\n\"Tooru no\" or something 「亨之」. I don't know if that is on the right track and I\ncan't even find the last kanji anywhere.\n\nAny help would be appreciated][1](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Diebr.jpg)",
"comment_count": 6,
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"tags": [
"translation",
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],
"title": "Can someone help translate this gravestone?",
"view_count": 1335
} | [
{
"body": "I think usually direct translation requests are not allowed, but since you\nseem to have done most of the work: the last character is just 墓{はか} - grave.\nSo, it says, \"Doctor Masuhara Tōru's grave\".",
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| 44292 | 44293 | 44293 |
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"body": "I've been staring at this for a while now and can't seem to decide on what is\nactually happening. The sentence in question is:\n\n> さっきから動物に餌を与えるのを楽しんでいるかのようなシンシア\n\nNow does this refer to an actual animal being fed, or is Cynthia feeding\nsomeone like they were giving an animal treats?\n\nFor context, here is the surrounding exchange:\n\n> 「ロエル、これ食べる？」\n>\n> 「食べる食べる、ぽりぽり」\n>\n> さっきから動物に餌を与えるのを楽しんでいるかのようなシンシア。 何でも吸い込んでいくから、面白いのかもしれない。\n> 今ではシンシアの手持ちのお菓子を半分近く消化している。\n>\n> 「はい、あーん」\n>\n> 「もちゃもちゃ」\n\nSo is Cynthia feeding animals or ロエル?",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"syntax",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Issue identifying the topic of a sentence",
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{
"body": "First of all,\n\n> 「さっきから動物{どうぶつ}に餌{えさ}を与{あた}えるのを楽{たの}しんで **いるかのような** シンシア」\n\nis **not** a sentence. It is only a relative clause modifying 「シンシア」.\n\nFrom the context provided, it is only natural to conclude that Cynthia is\nfeeding another human ロエル.\n\n「いるかの **よう** な」 is a key phrase here. If it were an animal, the author would\nnot have used 「かのような」 (\" ** _as if to_** feed an animal\").\n\n> \"Cynthia, who seems as if she were enjoying feeding an animal for some time\n> now.\"\n\nA relative clause translated as one.",
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"body": "She is feeding ロエル _as if she were_ feeding an animal. (まるで)～かのような means \"as\nif ～\", which is commonly used to make a metaphoric statement. Lots of examples\n[here](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kanoyouda).\n\nI guess what's throwing you off is the writing style of this sentence. First\nof all, **of course it's a sentence** that fully qualifies as a valid\nsentence. However, it's not a regular Japanese sentence that ends with a\npredicate (i.e., a verb or だ/です). This is a sentence which ends with a noun\nbecause it only includes one long noun phrase, grammatically speaking. The\nmain word of this sentence is シンシア, a noun, at the end, and everything else is\na long modifier that modifies シンシア.\n\nIn Japanese, this type of sentence is called **体言止め【たいげんどめ】** , a rhetoric\ndevice very often found in novels, screenplays, poems and lyrics (and\n[sometimes in a news\narticle](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36793/5010)). In English this\nkind of sentence is classified as a _minor sentence_ (e.g., \"Hello.\", \"The one\non the right.\", \"At eight o'clock.\").\n\n * [what exactly is \"体言止{たいげんど}め\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14524/5010)\n * [Major and Minor Sentences (Regular and Irregular Sentences)](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Major-and-Minor-Sentences-Regular-and-Irregular-Sentences.htm)\n\nSo this sentence ending with a noun:\n\n> さっきから動物に餌を与えるのを楽しんでいるかのようなシンシア。 \n> (literally) Cynthia who looks as if she were enjoying feeding an animal.\n\n...conveys exactly the same information as a _regular (or major) sentence_\nwith an obvious subject (topic) and a predicate:\n\n> シンシアはさっきから動物に餌を与えるのを楽しんでいるかのようだ。 \n> Cynthia looks as if she were enjoying feeding an animal.\n\nThe difference is that the former sentence looks more vivid and impressive.\nWhen you encounter a 体言止め sentence like this in the middle of a novel, **you\ndon't have to translate it as a long noun phrase** , because 体言止め is\nessentially just another method to make a regular sentence more interesting.\nYou can safely treat it as if it were a regular sentence (\"Cynthia looks\n...\"). It's not impossible to translate it as something like \"Cynthia, the one\nwho looks ...\" if you like, but usually that's unnecessary.\n\nSome songs and poems are almost exclusively composed of 体言止め lines/sentences.\nA classic example is\n[ふるさと](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furusato_\\(children's_song\\)). A Japanese\n_haiku_ often ends with a noun, too, although that's so common that almost no\none call it 体言止め.",
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"body": "Does 葉 mean leaf in Japanese? In 言葉 and 萬葉集, is 葉 derived from leaf? Why is it\nused for words, language and speech? Thanks.",
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"tags": [
"usage",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why is 葉 'leaf' used in 言葉 and 万葉集? Why is it used for words, language, and speech?",
"view_count": 1059
} | [
{
"body": "They used 言の葉 in 和歌 long ago. 言 means language by itself only and, I guess, 葉\nis a sort of expression of variousness. No Japanese use the word '言葉' in which\nthey know why 葉 is used.",
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"body": "I don't know etymology of these words, however 言葉 and 言の葉 seems to me that\nit's sort of the whole language is made from words like the whole tree is made\nfrom leaves. I'm not native speaker of Japanese, so it's only my humble guess,\nbut I've learned these words that way.",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-11T18:34:00.280",
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"body": "Let's discuss 言葉 first. It's useful here to distinguish speech from writing,\nand Japanese from Chinese. If we keep in mind that Japanese had its own\nindependent existence before Chinese characters were even introduced, then we\nstart noticing some relationships between words which where obscured by kanji\ndistinctions. For example, 合う、会う、遭う etc. are all originally the same verb;\n_akai_ , _akarui_ , _akiraka_ , _akatsuki_ etc. are based on the same root,\nand so on.\n\nIf we think about things this way, then it becomes likely that _Koto_ =\n\"things, facts\" (as in _Kotoyue_ \"reasons; accident\" or _Kotogara_ \"affairs,\ncircumstances\") is related to _Koto_ = \"speech, word, language\" (as in\n_Kotowaza_ \"proverb\" or _Kotodzukeru_ \"to message, to make excuses\"). In the\noldest texts, the word for \"word\" was usually just _Koto_ , and _Koto-ba_ was\nrare. Context distinguished _Koto_ as in \"fact\" from _Koto_ as in \"word\". In\ntime, _Koto-ba_ started getting traction, creating a clearer distinction\nbetween them. There's no way to be sure what the _-ba_ originally meant; early\nJapanese words were written in many different ways, so _Koto-ba_ was written\nas 言葉、言羽、詞、辞 etc. (while _Koto_ itself could be written by sound as 許登, 去等 and\nmany others). The current consensus seems to be that the early Japanese word\n_Pa/Ba_ (modern _Ha_ 端) was a general term for \"edge, tip, splinter,\nemanation\", including not just leaves but things like _Han-pa_ 半端 \"fragment\"\nor _Ko-ba_ 木端 \"wood splinter\". So _Koto-ba_ would be the \"tip\" or \"chips\"\ncoming off facts and events: language.\n\nSo you see, the question is not quite \"what do 'leaves' have to do with\n'words'\", but rather \"why is it that, of all possible ways of writing the\nearly Japanese word _Koto-ba_ , they eventually settled upon 言葉\"? As it\nhappens, there's a clear answer for this question:\n\n> やまとうたはひとのこころをたねとしてよろづのことの葉とぞなりける.\n>\n> Japanese songs start as **seeds** in the hearts of people, then flourish\n> into the myriad **leaves** of things/words [ことの葉].\n\nYou can see this as a kind of folk etymology, a rationalization of the already\nexisting word: _Koto-ba_ are \"leaves\" because the heart (mind) is the \"seed\";\nthe words grow out of it. This passage is from Ki-no-Tsurayuki's _Kana\nPreface_ to the _Kokin Wakashū_ , which was hugely influential in Japanese\nthought (comparable to Aristotle's _Poetics_ in impact). From then on, you can\nbet 言葉 would be analyzed as leaves.\n\n* * *\n\nWhat about 万葉集? Do not be misled by the use of the same kanji: this is a\nChinese-style word, _Man'yōshū_ , and the Chinese word _Yō_ is **not** the\nsame as the Japanese word _Ha_. One may translate the other, but whatever\nassociations we may find for one will not necessarily apply to the other.\nSure, it _may_ be the case that Japanese _Ha_ = word = leaf = Chinese _Yō_ ;\nbut it might as well be _not_. Recall that the \"leaf\" analysis of _Kotoba_\nwasn't popular until the _Kokinshū_ ; but the _Man’yō_ predates it. There's no\n\"leaf=word\" metaphor in the _Man'yōshū_ poems, nor \"leaf=poem\"; and the word\n_Kotoba_ in it is written as 言羽 or 辞.\n\nSo why _is_ the book called \"Anthology of the Ten Thousand Leaves\"? The best\nanswer is: Who the hell knows? There's no explanation in the anthology itself,\nnor in contemporary sources; so there are many respectable Japanese scholars\nwith different theories, without decisive evidence to placate the debate. One\ntheory is that the \"leaves of the mind\" metaphor silently antedates the\n_Kokin_ , and is used here. Another is that the myriad poems are being\ncompared to the countless leaves of a magnificent tree; another is that the\nhuge, multi-volume collection has many paper \"leaves\", comparing the book\npages to tree leaves (the same metaphor as in English \"leaf\"). Yet another\npossibility is that the \"leaves\" are a metaphor for the \"generations\" of\npeople, growing and falling in turn; and this is a collection intended to last\nten thousand generations. This metaphor appears in the previous work _Kojiki_\n, and currently it's the most commonly accepted theory.",
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"body": "I read a conversation and I don't understand what it talks about !\n\n> A：ちょっとこれみてください。\n>\n> B：なんですか。\n>\n> A：しゃかいじんの悩みランキングなんですが。どうおもいますか。\n>\n> B：やっぱりにんげんかんけいがいちばんおおいですね。よくわかります。わたしのしょくばでも、おなじかもしれません。\n>\n> C：こころのけんこうもおおいですね。やっぱり。にんげんかんけいにもんだいがあると。こころのびょうきになるかもしれませんね。\n\nespecially しゃかいじんの悩みランキング and にんげんかんけいがいちばんおおいですね and にんげんかんけいにもんだいがあると 。",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "しゃかいじんの悩みランキング means?",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "しゃかいじんの悩みランキング means \"The list of descending order of what troubles member of\nsociety have\".\n\nにんげんかんけいがいちばんおおいですね means 'it says that they have a trouble about human\nrelationship most\".\n\nにんげんかんけいにもんだいがあると means \"when they have a trouble about human relationship\".",
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"body": "\"Member of society\" doesn't quite cover the same semantic ground as しゃかいじん\n(社会人). しゃかいじん means someone who is no longer in full-time education, someone\nwho has gone out into the world of work, someone who is responsible for making\nhis or her own living, someone who lives in the real world and has\nresponsibilities (as opposed to someone who is still in the sheltered world of\nschool or university) - almost, in some contexts, \"an adult\" or \"a grown-up\".",
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| 44299 | null | 44303 |
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"body": "> プラスチック **に** は体に悪い物質が付きやすいため、魚などがプラスチックを食べると、その魚を食べる動物や人にも悪い影響が出る心配があります。 \n> As for plastic, because bad materials easily stick in the body, there is a\n> worry that if fish eat plastic it will also have a bad effect on the people\n> and animals who eat those fish.\n\nI can't understand the purpose of the に in bold at the start of this sentence.\n\nCan it be omitted without changing the meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-11T07:59:14.760",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Meaning of に in プラスチック**に**は体に悪い物質が付きやすいため",
"view_count": 90
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{
"body": "You seem to have failed to parse this sentence correctly. Treat 体に悪い物質 as one\nset here.\n\n> プラスチック **には** [体に悪い物質] **が** 付きやすい… \n> [Substances which are bad for your body] easily stick to plastic, ...\n\nAがBに付く is a common way to say \"A sticks to B,\" and it's not the body but\nplastic that bad substances stick to. So に after プラスチック is just \"to\" as in\n\"stick to ～\", and に after 体 is \"for\" as in \"bad for ～\".\n\nThe topicalizer は always replaces が/を, but it doesn't usually replace に/へ. See\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/7006/5010).\n\nYou can omit に in this case without changing the meaning. But I wouldn't do so\nbecause this section is relatively complicated and omitting に may make it a\nbit harder to understand. See: [When do you use は/に for\nどようびは/に?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/8269/5010)",
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| 44300 | 44301 | 44301 |
{
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"body": "I've been told by my teachers not to use んです and から/ので together, but I\nencounter them sometimes, both by sight and by ear. When I try to use it\nmyself, it's always marked wrong.\n\nFor example, I am quite sure the sentence 10時半のバスに乗るんだから、早く支度しなさい。in this\n[link](https://www.jpf.go.jp/j/project/japanese/teach/tsushin/grammar/201009.html)\nwould be considered incorrect by my teacher, but it's stated to be correct\nhere.\n\njgram also states that [んです should never be used with other words/\nconstructions that also indicate reason, like\nから、ので、ものですから](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=ndesu).\n\nWhich of the following are grammatically sound?\n\n> んですから / んだから\n>\n> んですので / んだので\n>\n> んものですから / んものだから",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Is んですから/ので/... grammatically correct?",
"view_count": 1498
} | [
{
"body": "> 「10時半{じはん}のバスに乗{の}るんだから、早{はや}く支度{したく}しなさい。」\n\nThis sentence would sound O.K. and even fairly natural, if not perfect, **if\nit were uttered by a busy mom in an informal situation**. Grammarians might\ndisagree here, but it is something you would actually hear native speakers say\nin real life. The average speaker is not a grammarian.\n\nIf you said 「乗るから」 instead of 「乗るんだから」, then it would probably satisfy\neveryone. But who speaks his native language to satisfy everyone?\n\nInterestingly, though, it would sound 100% natural (instead of just 90% as it\ndoes now) if you switched the two clauses and uttered them as two sentences as\nin:\n\n> 「早く支度しなさい！10時半のバスに乗るんだから！」\n\nThat would just wipe out the small amount of awkwardness of the original\nsentence above.\n\nMoving on...\n\n> Which of the following are grammatically sound?\n>\n> んですから / んだから\n>\n> んですので / んだので\n>\n> んものですから / んものだから\n\nんですから and んだから are unquestionably sound.\n\nんだので is sound in 飲{の}んだので, 死{し}んだので, etc. but you _**cannot**_ say 「乗るんだので」.\n\nんものですから and んものだから are simply out of the question.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-25T13:32:14.980",
"id": "44870",
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| 44302 | 44870 | 44870 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44306",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading Yotsuba&! manga ch.82, pg.16. Here's the page\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MHhQH.jpg)\n\nWhat does the lower left panel `ぼうしのどんぐり` mean? Does it mean acorn which looks\nlike a cap or a cap which looks like acorn (there are caps which look like\nacorn)? I think it means acorn which look like the caps that Yotsuba has seen\nbefore but I am not sure if I am correct. Or does the `ぼうし`here mean something\nelse ?\n\nManga page source : <http://raw.senmanga.com/Yotsubato!/82/16>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-11T12:36:14.633",
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"id": "44304",
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"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does ぼうしのどんぐり mean on this page of Yotsuba&!! ?",
"view_count": 237
} | [
{
"body": "It's \"acorns with a cap\". As you can see in [this\nlink](http://makkurokurosk.blog.so-net.ne.jp/2011-11-14), some acorns you can\nfind in the wild wear a cap, and some don't. She said ぼうしの to only refer to\nones with a cap.\n\n～の can mean \"wearing ～\":\n\n * コートの男 a man in a coat\n * 白衣の天使 angels in white (nickname for nurses)\n * [とんがり帽子のメモル](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Memole)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-11T13:10:35.553",
"id": "44306",
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]
| 44304 | 44306 | 44306 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44307",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the meaning and the grammar behind ばだった?\n\nHere is the sentence I've found it in:\n\n> このほか、経済的な理由で、キャンプや海水浴などを体験させることができないと答えた保護者の割合が、「困窮層」では２０％台後半から４０％台半\n> **ばだった** のに対し、「一般層」は１％未満と大きな開きが見られました。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-11T12:37:37.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44305",
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"owner_user_id": "19511",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does ばだった stand for?",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "40%台半ば + だった。 It was about 45%.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T14:18:50.023",
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{
"body": "A large disparity was observed: as against the fact that the proportion of\ncarers in the \"impoverished\" category who answered that for economic reasons\nthey were unable to give [the children in their care] the experience of\ncamping or sea-bathing was from the upper 20% range to the mid-40%\n[40%半ば]range, the proportion in the \"average\" category was less than 1%. That\nis, of the categories studied, 25% to 45% of those classified as \"poor\" said\nthey couldn't afford to send the kids in their charge to camp or take them to\nthe seaside, while less than 1% of those classed as \"average\" or \"ordinary\"\nsaid this. \n40%なかば = \"mid-forty-per-cents\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-11T15:38:15.147",
"id": "44310",
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]
| 44305 | 44307 | 44307 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44313",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "According to the internet, to say you try an action you need to use the\nvolitional form + _to suru_. So _miroutosuru_ is \"to try to see\". But what\nabout _suru_ verbs like _ryouri suru_ (\"to cook\")?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T17:24:00.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44311",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-03-11T18:11:46.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "20228",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "How do you \"try\" a suru verb? Like \"to try to cook\"",
"view_count": 3031
} | [
{
"body": "You can simply follow that rule. The volitional form of _suru_ is _siyou_ , so\nyou can say _ryouri siyou to suru_ (料理しようとする). There is nothing wrong if there\nare two suru's.\n\nBy the way, the volitional form of _miru_ is not _mirou_ but _miyou_. _Miru_\nis a vowel-stem verb.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T18:02:27.720",
"id": "44312",
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},
{
"body": "A _suru_ verb consists of a noun + _suru_. All conjugation is done on _suru_.\n\nIf you want to use the construction _-(y)ō to suru_ , on a _suru_ verb like\n_ryōri suru_ , you have to find the volitional of _suru_ , which is _shiyō_ ,\ngiving\n\n> 料理しようとする _ryōri shiyō to suru_\n\n* * *\n\nThere is also a different construction for \"to try to [verb]\", namely, _-te\nmiru_. Again, for a _suru_ verb, you would find the _te_ -form of _suru_ ,\nwhich is _shite_ , giving\n\n> 料理してみる _ryōri shite miru_\n\nFor the difference between these two constructions for \"to try to\" you can\nread the question [What is the difference between \"verb＋て＋みる\" and\n\"verb＋(よ)う+とする\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19038/1628)\n\nDepending on the context, the second construction 料理してみる might actually be\nmore appropriate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T18:10:07.990",
"id": "44313",
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}
]
| 44311 | 44313 | 44313 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44327",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "All verbs are written in kanji and kana combinations, but I am not able to\nfind the reason for them to be written in this way.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T18:29:33.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44314",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Why are verbs written in kanji and kana combinations instead of all kanji?",
"view_count": 407
} | [
{
"body": "This may not be the type of answer you expect, but the reasons is \"because the\nJapanese government decided to do so\".\n\nThe current government says all conjunctions (もし, そして, でも, ...), adverbs (とても,\nかなり, ...), particles (は, を, に, ...) and various auxiliaries (～だ, ～ている, ～た,\n～ます, ～でしょう, ...) are to be written in hiragana. This rule was different in the\nold days. There were times [when particles and auxiliaries were written in\nkanji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man'y%C5%8Dgana), and there were times\n[when particles and auxiliaries were written in\nkatakana](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meiji_Kenpo13.jpg), and\nthere were even times when the government seriously considered abandoning\nkanji altogether (like [Koreans actually\ndid](https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/q/3831)). And as you know, verbs\nand adjectives have lots of conjugations, which are made possible by\nauxiliaries.\n\n * [Japanese script reform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_script_reform)\n * [Modern kana usage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_kana_usage)\n\nPractically, many Japanese people believe that mixing kanji and kana enables\nus to tell word boundaries easily without any spaces.\n\n * [How to separate words in a Japanese sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11687/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T03:57:57.893",
"id": "44327",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 44314 | 44327 | 44327 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44323",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both 未満 and 不足 have the meaning of\n[insufficient](http://tangorin.com/general/%E6%9C%AA%E6%BA%80%20%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3)\nin JMDict. What is the difference in their usage?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T19:09:14.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44317",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-03-11T21:48:53.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 未満 and 不足?",
"view_count": 220
} | [
{
"body": "未満: it expresses **value**. e.g. 20未満 means 'less than 20 years old'.\n彼は友達以上恋人未満 means 'He is beyond a friend but not to the level of a boyfriend.'\n\n不足: It expresses **status**. It is necessary indeed, but it is insufficient\nnow (and you would like to fulfill soon.). e.g. 勉強不足 means 'you have not\nstudied enough and you have to study more'. ビタミン不足 means 'You have a sub-\noptimal level of vitamins' (because you have not taken in enough vitamins).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-11T22:30:35.903",
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| 44317 | 44323 | 44323 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44328",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Some details first. I am building a clock and it will be all in Japanese.\nGetting the numbers isn't a problem.\n\nI want there two be two lights that indicate if AM or PM. I don't want to just\ntranslate the letters, as I guess there is a Japanese term for AM and PM.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T20:19:22.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44319",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-12T05:47:38.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20230",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"time"
],
"title": "AM and PM in Japanese",
"view_count": 6453
} | [
{
"body": "The Japanese terms for AM/PM are\n\n * 午前 = AM\n * 午後 = PM\n\n_Some_ real clocks widely available in Japan use them:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aAdqu.jpg)\n\n* * *\n\nBut what kind of clock are you building? What do you mean by \"clock all in\nJapanese\" and what do you mean by \"just translate the letters?\" Perhaps you\nare thinking of building a real \"kanji clock\"?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aAdqu.jpg)\n\nThen go ahead and use 午前/午後. While it does not suit Japanese people's taste at\nall, it probably makes sense as a souvenir for foreigners. Before doing it\n[you may want to read this article](http://www.japan-talk.com/jt/new/kanji-\ntattoos) carefully. Reproducing a single Japanese character can be a\nchallenging task for those who do not understand the language.\n\nJapanese people generally do not like to wear something with kanji on it, and\neven domestic Japanese clock/watch makers like [CASIO](http://casio.jp/wat/)\nmainly manufacture English-only products. Even small Japanese kids understand\n`AM/PM`, and you don't need to translate it, usually.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T05:42:04.937",
"id": "44328",
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| 44319 | 44328 | 44328 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44324",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In both family units you often find special intimate names being used between\nmembers according to their role.\n\nYou have intimate familial names like 'mama' and 'papa' for parents, and words\nlike 'honey' for children(as sons and daughters don't play distinct enough\nroles to warrant different names).\n\nWhat are the Japanese equivalents to these fairly common English familially\nintimate names?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T21:33:35.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44321",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-12T06:32:18.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"culture",
"kinship-terms"
],
"title": "What are common familially intimate names?",
"view_count": 179
} | [
{
"body": "I think no familiarly intimate names for a child. Japanese often call their\nbaby いい子 or かわい子ちゃん, it may be that. But usually it's a bit discourtesy to\nmistake a boy as girl or the opposite one in Japan therefore you should\nconfirm which the child is before you call the child.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-11T22:01:00.017",
"id": "44322",
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{
"body": "* mother -- ママ, お[母]{かあ}さん, 母さん, 母ちゃん, お[袋]{ふくろ}, etc. \n * father -- パパ, お[父]{とう}さん, 父さん, 父ちゃん, [親父]{おやじ}, etc. \n * elder sister -- お[姉]{ねえ}ちゃん, 姉ちゃん, 姉さん, [姉貴]{あねき}, etc. \n * elder brother -- お[兄]{にい}ちゃん, 兄ちゃん, 兄さん, [兄貴]{あにき}, etc. \n * elder daughter -- お姉ちゃん, 姉ちゃん (but not 姉貴)\n * elder son -- お兄ちゃん, 兄ちゃん (but not 兄貴)\n * wife -- お[前]{まえ} (maybe old-fashioned?); often ママ, お母さん etc. when you have kids (but not お袋)\n * husband -- あなた, あんた (maybe old-fashioned?); often パパ, お父さん etc. when you have kids (but not 親父)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T01:10:19.650",
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| 44321 | 44324 | 44324 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44331",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I note that the exclamation せ〜の is quite frequently used, in a manner similar\nto how we use \"ready, go!\" in English. I'm curious about its etymology: where\ndoes せ〜の come from?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T02:35:16.260",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44326",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-12T07:58:22.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Where does the exclamation せ〜の come from?",
"view_count": 4056
} | [
{
"body": "There seems to be several different theories, but the most prevailing one is\nthat it came from French _hisser_ (\"to hoist\").\n\n> [『せーの』の語源](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/213235.html)。 \n>\n> 明治政府が軍隊を作ったとき、ヨーロッパ諸国をお手本にしたのですが、海軍はフランスを真似たため。帆船の帆を張るとき、「イセー、イセー」と言いながらロープを引っ張るのですが、それも海軍用語として取り入れました。それが長い間に「イセー→イッセー→いっせーの→せーの」と訛っていったのでしょう。\n\nA similar word of the same etymology is\n[オーエス](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/28291/meaning/m0u/).",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T06:24:39.967",
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{
"body": "せーの is a form of expression when shouting or calling (with enthusiasm), which\ncan also be found as [せえの](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%9B%E3%81%88%E3%81%AE),\n[いっせいのせ or\nいっせーのせ](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9B%E3%81%84%E3%81%AE%E3%81%9B)\nand\n[いっせーのーで](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AE%E3%83%BC%E3%81%A7).\nRegarding the origin of expression, there are several threads in Japanese that\nhave been quoted as following.\n\nFrom [this thread on 教えて!goo](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/213235.html), the\nbest answer noted that the expression was derived from the word 'hisser' in\nFrench.\n\n> 2002/02/07 11:36\n>\n> 語源はフランス語の hisser [ise] 引き上げる から来ています。\n>\n>\n> これは明治政府が軍隊を作ったとき、ヨーロッパ諸国をお手本にしたのですが、海軍はフランスを真似たため。帆船の帆を張るとき、「イセー、イセー」と言いながらロープを引っ張るのですが、それも海軍用語として取り入れました。\n> それが長い間に「イセー→イッセー→いっせーの→せーの」と訛っていったのでしょう。\n\nFrom [this post on Jackyのホーム](http://yaplog.jp/twjacky/archive/21), the\nblogger has noted similarly that it was indeed derived from a French word\n'hisser' (pronounced 'ise') and the meaning is \"to pull out/up\" (or \"to hoist,\nto raise\" according to [hisser on\nWiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hisser)).\n\n> June 11 [Wed], 2008, 16:10\n>\n> [...] でも、なんで「せーの」っていうんでしょう。\n> 調べてみると、「せーの」の語源はフランス語のhisser（イセーと発音）にあるようです。意味は「引き上げる」。 [...]\n\nNote that above sources had cited no reference for the explanation, which may\nsuggest that the etymology is lacking historical evidence. No further\ninformation on Wikipedia, except いっせーのーで was mentioned briefly in the Japanese\narticle\n[手を用いた遊び](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E3%82%92%E7%94%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E9%81%8A%E3%81%B3).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T06:46:21.697",
"id": "44331",
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| 44326 | 44331 | 44331 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> A：でも、おおやまさん、いきたくないのに、どうしていくんですか。 **むりして** いかなくてもいいじゃないですか。\n>\n> B：そうおもって、いちど、いかなかったんです。そしたら、しんじんなのになまいきだっていわれました。しんじんはつくらなきゃいけないって、しかられました。\n>\n> A：ふうん、そうなんですか。\n\nWhat's the meaning of \"むりして\" and I don't understand the answer of B person\n\n> そうおもって、いちど、いかなかったんです。そしたら、しんじんなのになまいきだっていわれました。しんじんはつくらなきゃいけないって、しかられました。",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 無理して",
"view_count": 736
} | [
{
"body": "無理して: do something involuntarily. He (or she) had given up in his (her) mind.\nHowever, usually it is not he that decides if it is able to do in Japanese\nsociety but anyone else who has an upper role than he. It was bad habits and\nrecently Japanese young persons have begun to **reject** what they cannot do\nbecause they are awakened by the results which is not so good neither for\nthemselves nor for other persons.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T07:02:39.123",
"id": "44332",
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"body": "無理して is the te-form of [無理する](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%84%A1%E7%90%86), \"to\ntry too hard\", \"to overwork\", \"to do (something) forcibly\", \"to go out of\none's way\", etc.\n\n> 無理【むり】して行【い】かなくてもいいじゃないですか? \n> You don't have to go out of your way to go there, do you?\n\n* * *\n\n(Regarding the meaning of B's response, please edit your question and specify\nyour problem. As of now, it's just a translate-it-for-me question.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T11:27:49.993",
"id": "44337",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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| 44329 | null | 44337 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44338",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to JMDict 内容, 明細 and 詳細 meaning is\n[details](http://tangorin.com/general/%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%20%E6%98%8E%E7%B4%B0%E3%80%80%E8%A9%B3%E7%B4%B0).\nI see these 熟語 at the same time on banks websites. What are the nuances of\ntheir usage?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T07:06:12.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44333",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-12T11:39:16.850",
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"owner_user_id": "3371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-usage",
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "Difference between 内容, 明細 and 詳細",
"view_count": 530
} | [
{
"body": "## [内容]{ないよう}\n\n * The contents, part of something\n * Physically inside of something\n * Near to `[中身]{なかみ}`, which means more physical _content_\n\n## [明細]{めいさい}\n\n * Detailed document of something like bank accounts\n * Detailed statement\n\nIt appears often in topics and documents related to money.\n\nExample:\n\n> [給与明細]{きゅうよめいさい} = payslip\n\nIt can also be an adjective but it's not a common usage.\n\n## [詳細]{しょうさい}\n\n * Nearly most common word which means `detail`, in written language\n * `詳細な` and `[詳]{くわ}しい` are mostly identical \n\nThe combination `詳細な内容` is possible like\n\n> 詳細な内容を[教]{おし}えてください。\n>\n> Please tell me the detailed contents.",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T11:39:16.850",
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| 44333 | 44338 | 44338 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44339",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "what different between よほど、困ったのだろう \" and \"さぞ、困ったのだろう\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T07:53:00.583",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "what different between よほど、困ったのだろう \" and \"さぞ、困ったのだろう\"",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "They are near in nuance like `とても` but the original meanings are different.\n\n## よほど (余程)\n\nNear to `とても` (very, really).\n\n> よほど困ったのだろう\n>\n> Somebody seems to be really embarrassed.\n\n## さぞ\n\n`さぞ` is an old antique word which appears since Heian-era.\n\nIt means like `きっと` and implies that the speaker is guessing something. `さぞ 〜\nだろう` is an idiomatic pair.\n\nThe original meaning doesn't contain the meaning like `very`, but it implies\n`very` in most usage.\n\n> さぞ困ったのだろう\n>\n> Somebody seems to be embarrassed.\n>\n> さぞお困りのようで。\n>\n> You seem to be embarrassed.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T12:11:23.143",
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| 44334 | 44339 | 44339 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44340",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From [this\narticle](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010903891000/k10010903891000.html)\ntalking about the evacuees from Fukushima experiencing bad treatment from\npeople in the places to which they have evacuated:\n\n> 早稲田大学の教授は「避難した人たちは家やふるさとをなくして、 **今もつらい生活をしていることを忘れないでほしいです** 」と話しています。 \n> A professor of X university said \"The evacuees have lost their houses and\n> home town. Even now they don't want to forget about painful living.\"\n\nWho is doing the wanting (ほしい) in the bold sentence? My English translation\nattempt sounds weird. It makes it sounds like the evacuees are complaining\nabout thier bad treatment because they want to feel oppressed. Why would they\nnot want to forget about hardship?\n\nI would have expected something more like:\n\n> 今もつらい生活をしていることを忘れることができないです \n> Even now they are unable to forget about hard living\n\nWhat's wrong with my understanding here?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T10:31:31.060",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Who is doing the wanting in this sentence?",
"view_count": 156
} | [
{
"body": "The professor doesn't want you to forget about that.\n\nIt would start from \"Please don't forget that...\" or \"I hope you don't forget\nthat...\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T12:17:14.147",
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| 44336 | 44340 | 44340 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44342",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Kana are written in large and small versions with different pronunciations in\nthe composition of words but I am not able to determine if all kana can be\nused in this way. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T12:38:46.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44341",
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"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Do all kana have a large and small reading?",
"view_count": 5198
} | [
{
"body": "There are no such things as \"lowercase\" katakana in Japanese. If you mean `ッ`\nas opposed to `ツ`, and such, please call them _small_ katakana. I assume you\nmean this.\n\nNot all katakana have small versions. Here is the full list of small katakana\ncharacters defined in the Japanese character set.\n\n```\n\n ァ ィ ゥ ェ ォ\n ヵ ㇰ ヶ ㇱ ㇲ ッ ㇳ\n ㇴ ㇵ ㇶ ㇷ ㇷ゚ ㇸ ㇹ ㇺ\n ャ ュ ョ ㇻ ㇼ ㇽ ㇾ ㇿ ヮ\n \n```\n\nVery common ones are `ャ ュ ョ ッ`. I think you already know how to use these. If\nnot, consult the easiest textbook you have.\n\nThe character `ヶ` is also common but has a different usage from others (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/352/5010)). `ヵ` is for the same\npurpose, but much rarer.\n\n`ァ ィ ゥ ェ ォ ヮ` are relatively less common, but you will find them often used to\napproximate foreign sounds or old Japanese sounds (eg. ドゥ, フェ, グヮ).\n\nThe others are very rare special katakana used to write Ainu words (see:\n[Special katakana for the Ainu\nlanguage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainu_language#Special_katakana_for_the_Ainu_language))\nand sometimes Korean words. You can safely forget them.\n\nThere are of course small hiragana, too. But the number is much smaller\nbecause we don't use hiragana to represent foreign words.\n\n```\n\n ぁ ぃ ぅ ぇ ぉ っ ゃ ゅ ょ ゎ\n \n```\n\nThese small vowels are mainly used to represent long vowels in native Japanese\nwords (see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15062/5010)).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T13:58:49.583",
"id": "44342",
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}
]
| 44341 | 44342 | 44342 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44349",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On the results of measuring the amount of plastic found in a sample of 31\nfish:\n\n> その結果、９匹の体の中から大きさ **が** ５ｍｍ以下のプラスチック **が** 平均で１．１個見つかりました。 \n> The result (was that) from 9 fish the size was at least 5mm of plastic but\n> on average they found 1.1mm.\n\nI'm struggling with several aspects of the grammar in this sentence:\n\n1) Is the first が in bold a subject marker and the second が the conjunctive\nparticle? Is there a だった omitted before this が?\n\n2) Is the counter word 個 somehow used as a substitute for repeating the unit\nmm?\n\nIf not, then I'm lost on how to parse this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T17:11:33.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44345",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-08T05:13:44.023",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-08T05:13:44.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が",
"counters"
],
"title": "Can だ/だった be omitted before conjunctive が?",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "Both が in this sentence are subject markers.\n\nConsider this \"double-subject\" sentence (cf. 象は鼻が長い / 私は彼が好きだ):\n\n> そのプラスチックは大きさが5mm以下だ。 \n> Those plastic (fragments) are 5 mm or smaller in size.\n\nForm a relative clause from this (note that ～以下 works as a no-adjective):\n\n> 大きさが5mm以下のプラスチック \n> the plastic (fragments) which are 5 mm or smaller in size\n\nWith this as the subject of the main sentence, you can say:\n\n> 大きさが5mm以下のプラスチックが見つかりました。 \n> The plastic (fragments) which were 5 mm or smaller in size were found.\n\n個 is a generic counter for small and round objects. 個 is not a pronoun and it\nnever replaces a unit of length, time, etc. So this 1.1個 refers to the number\nof plastic fragments per fish (cf. リンゴを2個買った). 平均で means \"on average\".\n\n> 大きさが5mm以下のプラスチックが平均で1.1個見つかりました。 \n> An average of 1.1 plastic fragments which were 5 mm or smaller in size were\n> found.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T18:58:43.927",
"id": "44349",
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| 44345 | 44349 | 44349 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44352",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Vans with cute girls, loud speakers, and political candidates.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T17:15:54.223",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "What are the election vans called?",
"view_count": 93
} | [
{
"body": "They are usually called **選挙カー**. Another name for this is 選挙運動車【せんきょうんどうしゃ】,\naccording to Wikipedia, but ordinary people rarely see this term.\n\nSuch vans without candidates but with a large ad on them are called 宣伝カー or\n広告カー.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T19:29:26.390",
"id": "44352",
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| 44346 | 44352 | 44352 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44356",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: a person is trying to convince another that having other people worry\nabout you is a good thing.\n\n> 『心配』って『勝手にさせておけばいい』ものらしいよ。してくれる人がいる時はただ素直に甘えちゃえばいいんだって。\n\nMy attempt:\n\n> \"Worrying\" is like \"letting other people behave freely\". When you have\n> people that worry about you, you can obediently behave like a spoiled child.\n\nOf course my translation doesn't make much sense. I found on dictionaries that\n甘える has two meaning: `behave like a spoilt child` and `take advantage of`. I\ndon't think it is the second one, but the first one doesn't make sense either,\nhow can you behave like a spoilt child in an obedient way? About 素直に, all its\nmeaning are similar to `obediently`. Can it be interpreted in a different way\nthat I'm not getting here? I think that the general meaning of the sentence is\n\"When you have people that worry about you, you can relax and do what you want\n(without worrying yourself)\", but I'd like to understand the specific meaning\nof the words used. Please also correct the translation of the first sentence\nif I got it wrong. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T17:27:13.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"verbs",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of 素直に甘える in the following sentence",
"view_count": 436
} | [
{
"body": "You are taking that definition too literally. 甘える can mean \"to behave like a\ndependent person\", \"not to work hard, expecting someone will eventually help\nyou\", \"to financially depend on someone\", \"to stay within your comfort zone\",\nand so on. And ～に甘える is also a common way to say \"to accept someone's kind\n(offer)\".\n\n> では、お言葉に甘えます。 \n> Then I would like to accept your kind offer.\n\n人の心配に甘える is a bit ambiguous expression. It can mean explicitly accepting\nsomeone's kind offer, or just feeling relieved by appreciating it. I'll leave\ntwo not-so-literal translations.\n\n> ただ素直に甘えちゃえばいいんだって。 \n> You can just accept them without reserve. \n> All you have to do is thank them without thinking too much.",
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| 44347 | 44356 | 44356 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44351",
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"body": "I know that the term is used for a puzzle using the numbers 1-9, but I am\nunable to ascertain the meaning of the word. I was able to translate as number\nand Germany, but it doesn't seem right. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T18:35:33.993",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of the word 数独 (sudoku)?",
"view_count": 576
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{
"body": "Um, it's called \"Sudoku\" in English, and pronounced approximately as 「サドーク」.\nSee the Wikipedia entry: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudoku>\n\nYou want to know where the meaning comes from? It's \"number\" (数) plus\n\"lone/unique/single\" (独), meaning that there is a unique number which fits in\neach square.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T19:08:01.900",
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| 44348 | 44351 | 44351 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44354",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On page 305 of Genki , you can see that Mary starts off each paragraph with a\nday of the week and the particle that follows is different. Any reason why\nfriday is listed w/ NI vs the other days that all have WA? Could you replace\nthe WAs with NI?\n\nThe text goes as follows:\n\n> **金曜日に** 日本人のともだちとこうえんにいきました。こうえんでともだちとはなしました。それから、レストランへいきました。たくさんたべました。\n>\n> **土曜日は** 一人でおてらへいきました。たくさんみせがありました。みせでおまんじゅうをかいました。\n>\n> **日曜日は**\n> おそくおきました。おかあさんもおそくおきました。わたしはあさテレビをみました。それから、おかあさんとひるごはんをたべました。ごごは日本語をべんきょうしました。本もよみました。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-12T19:05:04.510",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Genki pg 305, [day of the week] NI vs [day of the week] WA",
"view_count": 1290
} | [
{
"body": "土曜日 and 日曜日 are used with は because she is changing the topic to those days\nrespectively. That is, since she was talking about the day before in the\n_previous_ paragraph, she is now changing the topic to talk about what she is\ndoing on Saturday (or Sunday) in the current paragraph.\n\nUsing に with them wouldn't be wrong, but it sounds better with は in this\ncontext because she's listing off the days in order and then dedicates a\nparagraph to describing what she did. If only に were used, the days wouldn't\nsound as important.\n\nShe also could have used は with 金曜日, but it doesn't matter as much as the\nothers because she wasn't talking about anything before, so there's no need to\nemphasize 金曜日.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 44350 | 44354 | 44354 |
{
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"body": "I have heard the expression used, but can't find its correct spelling or\nusage.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T20:34:24.720",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "When へ is used as a response, to something someone has said, what does it mean?",
"view_count": 1967
} | [
{
"body": "If you mean a more or less prolonged へー , often with a falling-then-rising\nintonation, it indicates that the person using it finds what has just been\nsaid surprising, remarkable or impressive in some way. Something like \"Good\nHeavens\", \"You don't say\", \"That's amazing\", \"Wow\". Used more by female than\nby male speakers.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-12T21:00:06.373",
"id": "44355",
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"body": "へえ (also spelled へぇ, へー, へぇ～, ...) is even listed in a dictionary (from 大辞林):\n\n> **へえ** [1] \n> （感）\n>\n> 1. 驚いたり、感心したり、疑ったりした時にいう言葉。「—、彼が結婚したとはねえ」「—、本当かね」\n>\n> 2. （主に関西地方で女性が）応答・承諾などに用いる語。「—、おおきに」\n>\n>\n\nroughly\n\n> **へえ** \n> _interjection_\n>\n> 1. An utterance expressing surprise, admiration or doubt. »—, so he got\n> married, eh?« »—, really?«\n>\n> 2. A word used (especially by women in the Kansai area) to reply or agree.\n> »—, thanks a lot«\n>\n>\n\nDepending on the context, English equivalents could be \"wow\", \"oh\", \"no way\",\n\"huh\", etc.",
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]
| 44353 | 44357 | 44355 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44359",
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"body": "Why are these 2 phrases different? One uses \"to\" between the two nouns and the\nother doesn't. Is the \"to\" optional? Is one of them incorrect?\n\n\"Hikaru sora **_to_** kumo no aida tooku habataku toritachi\"\n\n\"Teeburuto doa no aida yo.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T00:45:11.027",
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "When you have to use \"to\" when using \"no aida\" to express \"in between\"",
"view_count": 731
} | [
{
"body": "Both sentences use 「と」 between nouns.\n\n[Hikaru sora]to[kumo] 「ひかるそら」と「くも」\n\n[Teeburu]to[doa] 「テーブル」と「ドア」\n\nWhen saying \"Between A and B\", you need to use 「と」. However, as you may\nalready know, usage of 「間（あいだ）」 itself does not necessarily require the use of\n「と」 in other forms of use, such as 「その間」.",
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| 44358 | 44359 | 44359 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44372",
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"body": "The English word \"Hentai\" likely came from 4chan. Thus, like a lot of Japanese\nloanwords that come from 4chan, I have to ask whether the Japanese actually\nuse the word to mean \"Anime porn\" like in English.\n\nIf it isn't, or if a different word is more often used, could someone share\nwhat that word is? The Japanese people I communicate with always find my use\nof it confusing or wrong.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T01:22:18.923",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 34,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Do the Japanese actually use the word \"Hentai\" to mean \"Anime Porn\", like in English?",
"view_count": 70386
} | [
{
"body": "No, _hentai_ is [a typical\n\"英製和語\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18544/5010) that has gained a\ntotally different meaning outside of Japan. It never means anime porn in\nJapan.\n\nWikipedia defines _hentai_ as \"catch-all term to describe a genre of anime and\nmanga pornography.\" In Japanese, this idea is well described by a slang word\n二次元【にじげん】 (lit \"two dimension\"). The opposing idea is of course 三次元【さんじげん】\n(\"three dimension\", live-action ones or sometimes real people). They are often\ncontracted to 二次 (lit \"secondary\")/三次 (lit \"tertiary\"). 18禁 is too broad and\nエロアニメ/エロ漫画 are too specific.\n\nMost Japanese 二次元 fans understand these [ateji\nargots](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/44255/5010): 虹 (lit \"rainbow\")\nfor 二次元 and 惨事 (lit \"disaster\") for 三次元. Yeah, posting a 三次元 image to a\ncertain type of image board is certainly disastrous to the users :)\n\n**EDIT:** Oops, I should've mentioned that 二次元/三次元 by themselves do not\nnecessarily refer to X-rated ones, while it's hard to imagine a 二次元 fan who\ndislikes 二次元 porn. [二次元コスパ](http://nijigencospa.com/) does not sell X-rated\ngoods, for example.",
"comment_count": 14,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T04:42:53.813",
"id": "44372",
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},
{
"body": "If I remember correctly from watching anime. They just put ero in front of the\nitem type. So, ero-manga or ero-gemu it is.\n\nOT, when we think about it for a second. From the original hentai word\nmeaning, what is so hentai about anime porn? Is it because of nijigen (two\ndimensional) erotism is weird or is it because from commoner's (casuals) point\nof view, porn manga or anime is enjoyed by a hentai?\n\nedit. there is actually word 'ecchi' which can be used like ecchi na hon\n(erotic book). From wikipedia link above, ecchi derived from Hentai first\nletter. So maybe, hentai was actually used at some point in Japan?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T15:10:32.473",
"id": "44384",
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| 44360 | 44372 | 44372 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44362",
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"body": "I know the title of the topic is really bad because it isn't descriptive, but\nI don't know how to phrase it really. If you have a better idea please edit\nit.\n\nWhat does Yamcha say in this phrase? What I hear is\n\n[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af-\nIL6K34po&t=170s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Af-IL6K34po&t=170s)\n\n\"Sora na kirei da na\" but this doesn't make sense to me, it seems\nsyntactically wrong, I believe for saying \"the sky is pretty\" it would be\nsomething like \"sora wa kirei da\" or perhaps \"sora wa kirei da na\" but not\nwhat I hear. What is he exactly saying?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T01:35:37.387",
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does he exactly say in this phrase?",
"view_count": 180
} | [
{
"body": "He says, 「そら **が** きれいだな」.\n\n[が can be pronounced as \"nga\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/177/9749),\nwhich can sound like な if you're not used to the difference.",
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T01:49:08.027",
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| 44361 | 44362 | 44362 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44365",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been taught here that \"to\" is used sometimes as quotation marker. Now\nI've read in a website that \"tte\" is used for indirect speech and what seems\nto be quotation too? If so, when should I use \"to\" and when \"tte\" ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T01:58:08.940",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "tte vs to as quotation markers?",
"view_count": 645
} | [
{
"body": "To put it simply, \"tte\" is for casual speech and therefore mostly used with\nfamily and close friends. \"to\" is the proper form you should use.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 44363 | 44365 | 44365 |
{
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"body": "「こうして、あなたのことを奪い取って、 でも、さくらが逃げ出すのも許さずに、 一生、地獄を見せるつもりなのかも…」\n\nIn this sentence X is talking to Y and Sakura is the third person.\n\nMy question: who is going to suffer? Sakura or Y?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T02:00:41.667",
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"owner_user_id": "19329",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Difficulty with this sentence",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "It seems that Sakura ran away and therefor shall not be forgiven and there\nwill be hell to pay for that!.\n\nさくらが逃げ出す\n\n> Sakura run away\n\n許さずに\n\n> Without forgiving\n\n地獄\n\n> Hell\n\n見せるつもり\n\n> Plan to show\n\nY also seems to get robbed though.",
"comment_count": 12,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T02:34:29.163",
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| 44364 | 44366 | 44366 |
{
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"body": "I really can't understand the difference. As far as I understand it, 出会い is a\nnoun and 出会う is the verb. But I can't get my head around how to use them in a\nsentence!\n\nToo add to the confusion, when I used tangorin to search for 出会い example\nsentences this was one of the examples:\n\n> わたしは素敵{すてき}な人{ひと}たちと出会{であ}いました。\n\nSurely it functions as a verb in this case?\n\nAlso, when is it appropriate to use 出会う instead of using 会う?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T02:42:31.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "17509",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Can someone please explain how to use 出会い/出会う correctly?",
"view_count": 1668
} | [
{
"body": "「出会う」 is the dictionary form. To use it in a sentence, you need to change the\nform accordingly. In this case, we change it to the \"masu\" form. \"u\" sounds at\nthe end of dictionary forms often change to \"i\" sounds when doing so.\n\n帰る：帰ります\n\n買う：買います\n\n出会う：出会います\n\nWhen changing dictionary forms in to nouns, you follow the same rules, but by\nadding 「ます」 at the end it becomes a polite way of saying the verb.\n\nThere's actually a deeper history behind the grammatical use of the \"masu\"\nform which would explain this situation, but you don't need to know that now.\nToo much information. Please feel free to google it later on though, the\nhistory of the Japanese language is fascinating!\n\n出会う vs 会う is rather simple. 出会う implies that the meeting is a coincidence,\nwhereas 会う implies the meeting was planned.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T04:00:21.703",
"id": "44371",
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{
"body": "[出]{で}[会]{あ}う is a verb that means to come across or in some contexts to meet\n(but not in the sense of \"have a meeting with\"). Thus it's basic meaning is to\nchance upon something.\n\n[出]{で}[会]{あ}い is two things -- and it's not a coincidence.\n\n[出]{で}[会]{あ}い is what is often-called the \"masu-stem\" in English or 連用形 in\nJapanese. This is a productive form which for 五段 / type i verbs like those\nthat end in う changes to い. (For 一段 / type II verbs, the final sounds\ndisappears -- 食べる -> 食べ)\n\nThus, one use is when you join 出会う to the helping verb ます to make it more\npolite. = 出会い + ます = 出会います\n\nThe other thing that happens is that for many verbs the masu-stem / 連用形 has\nbecome a **noun** as well with a meaning like an -ing noun in English.\n\nSo 出会い can also mean \"meeting\" (under the meaning to chance upon something or\nencounter it).\n\nSimilar production can be seen elsewhere:\n\n```\n\n 遊ぶ -> 遊び\n 話す -> 話し\n 飲む -> 飲み\n 食べる -> 食べ\n 切る -> 切り\n \n```\n\nMy sense is that this not universally productive (meaning I don't think every\nsingle verbs' 連用形 will be a known and usuable noun).",
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"creation_date": "2018-04-05T09:38:39.360",
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| 44367 | null | 57740 |
{
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"body": "In English it's fine to talk about this/last/next \"year\" even when referring\nto academic/fiscal as opposed to calendar years. Does this work for Japanese\ntoo? For example, in March does it make sense to say, 「来年もよろしくおねがいします」? Or\n「来学年もよろしくおねがいします」?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T02:49:59.707",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "academic and calendar years",
"view_count": 528
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{
"body": "When referring to academic/fiscal year, you use [年度]{ねんど}, as in:\n\n> [来年度]{らいねんど}もよろしくおねがいします。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-13T03:48:32.600",
"id": "44369",
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{
"body": "来年 is totally fine, especially in this personal/friendly situation. A more\nspecific term is \"年度\" (as in 来年度もよろしくお願いします). 年度 is a general term for a year,\nstarting at convenient date for each context, like academic/fiscal/whatever\nyear. As both academic and fiscal year start at April in Japan, you can\nusually interpret plain \"年度\" as a April-March period given no context.\n\nSo when you need to be clear or in formal contexts, use 年度. Otherwise 年 is\njust fine.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 44368 | null | 44369 |
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"body": "Typing **The article/text/writing was innovative** in any translation software\ngives numerous results. After looking up the words _article_ , _text_ , and\n_writing_ in the dictionary, I found too many options and so, decided to\nchoose the most basic word that would get the meaning of _a visible piece of\ntext_ through.\n\nI need a word that in general can encompass things such as writings in a cave,\nan article in the newspaper, a notice on the notice board, an essay written by\na student, etc.\n\nOr there are too many to sift through and I should memorize them separately.\nBTW, I found _きじ_ and. _てくすと_ but am not sure if they can collectively handle\nbroad meanings.\n\nIs there a general term for **texts** in japanese like fluid is for everything\nthat flows?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T08:16:26.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is term for the most general form of writing or text",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "文字{もじ} would be a right word in this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T17:01:08.307",
"id": "44390",
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{
"body": "We may not have a perfect counterpart. The best I could think of would be\n「文章{ぶんしょう}」.\n\nIf, however, the writing consisted of only a few letters/characters, we might\ncall it 「文字{もじ}」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-13T00:31:17.647",
"id": "46517",
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| 44374 | null | 46517 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44377",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "乗車券をお求めになるかたは、どうぞこちらへ。 joushaken o omotome ni naru kata wa, douzo kochira e.\nThose who want to buy passenger ticket please go this way.\n\nIs it 型 (かた), which means type or model?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T09:36:42.353",
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"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T10:10:17.217",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does *kata* mean in the sentence provided below?",
"view_count": 1397
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, kata is the polite (honorific) form of 'hito' (person, or\npeople).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T10:10:17.217",
"id": "44377",
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| 44376 | 44377 | 44377 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44405",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "oshieta is the plain past tense of oshieru and oshiete kureta is usually\ntranslated as the past tense of oshieru too. What is the difference between\nthem?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T12:01:24.290",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"tense",
"past"
],
"title": "what is the difference between oshieta and oshiete kureta?",
"view_count": 8761
} | [
{
"body": "[教]{おし}えた is the past of teach, basically when you have taught something,\nwhile 教えてくれる means to be taught by someone else, is like someone is teaching\nyou or you are receiving the teaching, for more info: [Best Japanese\nExplanations!!](http://maggiesensei.com/2010/02/22/%EF%BC%88%E3%80%9C%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%EF%BC%89%E3%81%82%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%8B%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%8B%E3%82%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%86-shite-\nageru%EF%BC%8Bkureru%EF%BC%8Bmorau/)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T15:11:45.523",
"id": "44385",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T01:43:39.923",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T01:43:39.923",
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{
"body": "In many contexts, the two translate similarly, but it might help to look at\nlonger sentences to see why they are not identical.\n\n> [私]{わたし}に[数学]{すうがく}を[教]{おし}えた\n\n= [you - implied subject] taught me math.\n\n> [私]{わたし}に[数学]{すうがく}を[教]{おし}えてくれた.\n\n= [you - implied subject] _deigned_ to teach me math.\n\nくれる means something like \"lowered yourself\" / \"gifted me by\" ...\n\nIn other words, it emphasizes that the person who taught you math did you a\nkindness by teaching you math.\n\n* * *\n\nThe converse emphasis which you didn't ask about (but @Shoko kindly mentions)\nis\n\n> [数学]{すうがく}を[教]{おし}えてもらった\n\nthis emphasizes that I _received_ math instruction from you.\n\nyou can also upgrade the phrases with [尊敬語]{そんけいご} to\n\n> [数学]{すうがく}を[教]{おし}えていただいた\n\nHere, you are further emphasizing how great of a thing you've received.\n\n* * *\n\nYou can also degrade yourself with [謙譲語]{けんじょうご} and change くれる into くださる.\nThis emphasizes how much you think someone was doing something beneath their\nstation by helping you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-03-14T03:53:35.500",
"id": "44405",
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}
]
| 44378 | 44405 | 44405 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "わたしから隠れられるものか。 watashi kara kakurerareru mono ka. You can’t hide from me.\n\nThe site that had it displayed it that way. But I don't see the _not being\nable to hide_ part in it. So the word もの must contain some clue to understand\nit. And because the kanji isn't provided, it is difficult to pinpoint the\nmeaning from the dictionary as too many words show up with もの in it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T12:20:07.970",
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"id": "44379",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does *mono / もの* mean in the sentence below?",
"view_count": 1964
} | [
{
"body": "Not sure if this is the right literal translation that reflects the nuance,\nbut it helped me memorize how to use ものか.\n\n\"Do you think I am someone from whom you can hide?!\"\n\n\"Am I someone from whom you can hide?!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T18:08:13.980",
"id": "44395",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T18:08:13.980",
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{
"body": "ものか (more politely ものですか, more informally もんか) at the end of a sentence is a\nway of rejecting the assertion made by the sentence with indignation or\ncontempt. For example:\n\n * 行きません or 行かない means \"I'm not going\", \"I shan't go\" \n * 行くものか or 行くもんか means \"You won't catch me going\", \"You don't think I'd go, do you?\" \n * 彼などに負けない means \"I won't be beaten by someone like him\" \n * 彼などに負けるもんか means \"Do you think I'd let somebody like that so-and-so beat me?\"\n\nSo I'd translate the sentence in question as \"You don't think you can hide\nfrom me, do you?\" or \"Think you can hide from me? Fat chance!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T19:05:11.520",
"id": "44398",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T00:50:17.237",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T00:50:17.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20069",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44379 | null | 44395 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What could be the difference between 要求事項｛ようきゅうじこう｝ and 要件｛ようけん｝?\n\nAnd what would make more sense, 法的要求事項 or 法的要件. Are they the same thing?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T12:27:42.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44380",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T22:30:16.817",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-13T18:09:10.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 要求事項 and 要件?",
"view_count": 160
} | [
{
"body": "> 要求事項: items/things that someone or something demands or claims\n>\n> 要件: necessary condition, requirement\n\n要求{ようきゅう} has the implied meaning of 'order', so you shouldn't use this phrase\nwithout a good reason. For example, 卒業{そつぎょう}要件 (graduation requirements)\ncan't be alternatively written as 卒業要求事項.\n\nWhen it comes to 法的{ほうてき}要求事項 and 法的要件, 法{ほう} (law) is not a person and its\nrequirements can be treated as orders. Therefore, both of these phrases are\npossible. While 法的要件 means just 'legal requirement', 法的要求事項 sounds like very\nfirm requirements imposed by the law. Practically, they indicate the same\nthing, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T08:48:18.307",
"id": "44415",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T22:30:16.817",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20238",
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| 44380 | null | 44415 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44386",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I realize it is just something I got to remember, but is there any explenation\nto what is going on gramatically with to omou? Why to? Or is it just a thing\nthat is?\n\nAlso, why to moushimasu/to iimasu, is the same thing happening there?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T12:58:52.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44381",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T01:17:54.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20228",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is there a reason it is -to omou instead of wo omou to say you think something?",
"view_count": 876
} | [
{
"body": "That's because と and its colloquial version って are used to \"quote\" relative\nclauses.\n\nThey usually go with verbs like:\n\n 1. 言う 【い・う】 (u-verb) - to say\n\n 2. 聞く 【き・く】 (u-verb) - to ask; to listen\n\n 3. 叫ぶ 【さけ・ぶ】 (u-verb) - to scream\n\n 4. 呼ぶ 【よ・ぶ】 (u-verb) - to call\n\n 5. [思]{おも}う（u-verb) - to think\n\nThe same way you say:\n\n> 今日、僕は大学に行かないと思う - I think I will not go to college today.\n\nYou also say:\n\n> 彼はあなたに何と言った? - What did he say to you?\n\nSo with these verbs you will use と or って instead of を.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T16:15:52.247",
"id": "44386",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T01:17:54.757",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T01:17:54.757",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"parent_id": "44381",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44381 | 44386 | 44386 |
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