question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44388",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Daisuki is supposed to mean like/love\n\nAishiteru is used for husband/wife\n\nHowever, I've encountered several cases in many anime where best friends\n(girls) say aishiteru to each other. They are straight, just date boys and\neventually marry one. Why say aishiteru to their best friend?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T14:57:53.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44382",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-13T13:09:28.403",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-13T13:09:28.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "20259",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Daisuki vs Aishiteru (大好き vs 愛してる)",
"view_count": 12765
} | [
{
"body": "The types of \"like\"/\"love\" I know in japanese are the following:\n\n> 好き [suki] - To like (Just like in english).\n>\n> 大好き [daisuki] - To like a lot.\n>\n> 愛 [ai]: sacrificial, unconditional, love for the other person's sake (often\n> parallels the Greek agape, but can extend into philos as sawa mentions)\n>\n> 恋 [koi]: selfish, conditional, love for one's own sake (often parallels the\n> Greek eros).\n\nFor the last two I used this answer as source: [Love in the air: 愛ｘ恋 {あい vs\nこい}](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2246/love-in-the-\nair-%E6%84%9B%EF%BD%98%E6%81%8B-%E3%81%82%E3%81%84-vs-%E3%81%93%E3%81%84) you\nshoudl check it out for a deeper insight on the matter.\n\nEdit: For the case you mentioned, in my opnion it would mean that they love\neach other as friends in a true and ever lasting way, they way I see 愛してる\n(aishiteru) would be something you'd say to your wife after years together, so\nyou know that's \"true\" love, that's how I feel. But if you feel you can say it\nto a friend, that's personal I guess.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T16:23:44.833",
"id": "44388",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T16:56:08.200",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"parent_id": "44382",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "**Short Answer** : It's probably a joke. Or, it's [\"fan\nservice\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_service).\n\n**Long Answer** : It's very tough to answer without actually seeing the\nscenes, but from what I understand, it would be natural for a female character\nin an anime to say 愛してる to her female friend only when she's joking or when\nthey're actually in a romantic\n([yuri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_\\(genre\\))) relationship.\n\nIn general, you can use 愛している on anything if you truly love it. For example,\nハンバーガーを愛している, アニメを愛している and so on are fine. But it's a very strong expression\nand it may sound even funny, perhaps almost like \"I have fallen in love with\nhamburgers.\" As you know, ハンバーガーは大好き is the safer way to say \"I love\nhamburgers.\"\n\nAn upbeat and carefree female character in anime might well casually say\nsomething like 「おおお、ありがとう○○ちゃん、愛してるよ～！」 to her female classmate. And that\nsounds like an innocent joke. To me, 愛している is not something a fictional girl\nwould seriously say to her friend.\n\nSome core anime fans enjoy imaginary romantic relationships between two\ncharacters (aka\n[カップリング](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0)/[shipping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipping_\\(fandom\\))).\nSo creators may intentionally insert such suggestive words to please some\nfans. I found a [typical example\nhere](http://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8A%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A4#h3_7), where\ntwo close female friends suddenly said 愛してる to each other and it surprised the\naudience.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T19:54:01.653",
"id": "44399",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T20:11:25.910",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-13T20:11:25.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44382",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "First of all I will tell you (like other people already said) that aishiteru\ncan be used for pretty much everything, unlike other forms of love.\n\n愛 (ai): If you really love something you can use this term. You can use it on\nthings, on activities, food, family, friendship, religion...\n\nOn the other hand other terms like 恋 (koi) can only be used towards someone\nyou like because of your sexual orientation (so no family, friendship...)\n\nSo can aishiteru be used generally? Yes\n\nShould you use it generally?:\n\n * Real life: No. People don't use it towards their friends or family because of how deep this love is. Basically A) people may misunderstand them B) They'd be too embarrassed to say it. Don't say that to your japanese friends.\n\n * Anime: I have seen it a few times myself in anime/japanese novels without any sexual connotations. As I said before the term can be used generally so if the situation is clear (and unlike real life anime can be very clear) there won't be any misunderstandings and it can be used to highlight deep bonds.\n\nFor example, I remember watching a scene where 2 female best friends must part\n(one goes to another country). They are straight, have a boyfriend and yet\nthey use the word ai. It was supposed to be a touching moment, showing how\ndeep their friendship was. There was no possible misunderstanding.\n\nAnother example, in the VN Sharin no Kuni Sacchi uses that term towards her\nfriend Mana. They're not blood related and they haven't known each other for\nthat long either. Sacchi just loves Kenichi (in a romantic way), no one else.\nSaying that to Mana was used to highlight Sacchi's love for Mana (a deep\nbond), but there was nothing sexual oriented.\n\nSo the answer can be yes. Anime can portray emotions as black and white. There\nare even anime where the whole world is straight. If 2 girls love their\nboyfriends very much and their sexual orientation is that of the other sex\n(they are straight) then there is little room for misunderstandings. It would\nbe used either to show how deep their bond is or as a gag if for example\nthey're just classmates.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T13:26:52.233",
"id": "44423",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T13:26:52.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20268",
"parent_id": "44382",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44382 | 44388 | 44399 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44397",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen the term used when calling out for a taxi, but I thought it was a\nterm meaning boss.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T15:01:59.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44383",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T18:50:34.720",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-13T16:26:08.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does the term Honcho mean?",
"view_count": 2319
} | [
{
"body": "Honcho in English is an\n[\"英製和語\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18544/5010) term derived from\n班長【はんちょう】. In Japanese 班長【はんちょう】 refers to the head of a **small** group/team,\nand it's not really a big word. 班【はん】 means a team/group/squad of typically\n3-10 people. Practically, you will never see romanized 班長 in Japan, and the\nnormal romanized spelling of 班長 is hancho, not honcho.\n\nIf you saw Honcho on a signboard in Japan, it's probably 本町【ほんちょう】. It's just\nanother place name which literally means \"main town\". There are hundreds of\n[districts called 本町](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%BA-1044222) all\nover Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T18:45:34.673",
"id": "44397",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T18:50:34.720",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44383",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 44383 | 44397 | 44397 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44396",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The lack of Google results for this kind of construction (relative to the\nnumber for the equivalent [i-adjective] + そうだと思う and [i-adjective] + そうだと思った\nfor many i-adjectives) made me antsy about using it.\n\nE.g. 「ジム・モリソンはすごく面白そうだったと思う」\"I think Jim Morrison seems like he was really\ninteresting.\"\n\nAm I doing something wrong here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T16:20:40.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44387",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T05:38:59.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Is 「(i-adjective) + そうだったと思う」 grammatical/natural?",
"view_count": 302
} | [
{
"body": "Yes it's natural and it means \"I think he seemed very interesting\". You are\nthinking now, and you are thinking about the past situation regarding him.\n\nYou can use it when you are recalling your vague memory.\n\n>\n> 私が若い頃は、よくレコード店に行っていた[ものだ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43083/5010)。ジム・モリソンはすごく面白そうだったと思う。\n> (I think I thought \"He is interesting\" in those days, but that could be a\n> lapse in my memory.)\n\nAnd you can also use it when you are implying the statement is no longer true\nnow.\n\n> 過去には、ジム・モリソンはすごく面白そうだったと思う。今は誰も彼に興味はないけどね。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T18:31:06.270",
"id": "44396",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T18:31:06.270",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44387",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I feel 思う is extra in そうだ(そうだった)と思う because そうだ(そうだった) means already that you\nthink so. So I feel they are a bit unnatural.\n\nFor example, I feel 今日は雨が降りそうだ is more natural than 今日は、雨が降りそうだと思う,\n昨日町で見た車は、高そうだった is more natural than 昨日町で見た車は、高そうだったと思う。\n\nHowever I think そうだと思った make sense because you need to use the past tense of\n思う to mean that you thought so.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T04:30:43.220",
"id": "44407",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T05:38:59.217",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T05:38:59.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "44387",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 44387 | 44396 | 44396 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44394",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that the term is used on the letter being written, but I'm not sure if\nit is required to use it on the envelope. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T16:51:23.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44389",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T18:01:46.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is the term さん also used on envelopes when sending a letter?",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "Depends on to whom you are sending the letter. In business occasions it's very\ncommon to use 様 instead of さん because it shows more respect.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T18:00:42.273",
"id": "44393",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T18:00:42.273",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20212",
"parent_id": "44389",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "You cannot use さん on envelopes. Just as you have to use Mr./Ms./etc on English\nenvelopes no matter how you normally call them, you have to use 様 on Japanese\nenvelopes. 様 is a more polite name suffix than さん. 先生 is also okay if you\nusually call them _sensei_ (a teacher, lawyer, etc.). If you send a letter or\na card to a kindergartner, くん/ちゃん is also acceptable.\n\nInside the envelope you can call them however way you think is suitable.\n\n様 is for a person. You have to use 御中 instead of 様 when you send a mail to an\norganization. See: [How to address someone in an email who referred to\nthemselves as part of a\ndepartment](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42452/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T18:01:46.063",
"id": "44394",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T18:01:46.063",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44389",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44389 | 44394 | 44394 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As far as I get it, to create a must do sentence, you need to take the\nnegative te form + wa + ikemasen/naranai/narimasen/dame.\n\nWhat does this literally mean? Why is it a double negative? How does this\nchange the meaning to needing to do something?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T17:53:52.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44391",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T17:58:39.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20228",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What do these ''must do'' sentences like ''ikanakutewaikemasen'' literally mean? What is gramatically going on?",
"view_count": 303
} | [
{
"body": "It literally means \"not going (ikanakutewa) doesn't work (ikemasen)\" or \"I\ncan't not go\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T17:58:39.193",
"id": "44392",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-13T17:58:39.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20212",
"parent_id": "44391",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44391 | null | 44392 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/52UyR.png)\n\n* * *\n\nI wonder, if there is a Japanese-English dictionary (incl. vice versa), if the\nword is formal or on the contrary informal. For example: if it is\n口語的｛こうごてき｝、堅い｛かたい｝ etc. Hope there is such a dictionary...as I use **imiwa** ,\n**denshi jisho** and **daijirin** dictionaries, but none of them has this info\nfor the words. Nor **weblio** internet dictionary tells anything about this.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T20:30:50.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44400",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T18:53:57.873",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-15T18:53:57.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "9364",
"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"dictionary"
],
"title": "Dictionary which distinguishes formal and informal words",
"view_count": 595
} | [
{
"body": "I am not aware of a dictionary that explicitly indicates this. As a general\nrule to which I can think of no exceptions off the top of my head (some may\nexist, but none come to me at the moment), words written in kanji are going to\nbe more likely to be used in written Japanese, while words that are all\nkatakana or all hiragana are more likely to be used primarily in spoken\nJapanese.\n\nKeep in mind that written vs spoken registers are entirely different from\ninformal (plain/辞書形) and humble (謙譲語) or honorific (敬語) forms. The である form of\nthe copula for example, is informal, but only used the written register...\nunless you're a samurai, in which case I'm sure you meant でござる or similar.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T23:15:39.900",
"id": "44403",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T05:43:34.737",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T05:43:34.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "4179",
"owner_user_id": "4179",
"parent_id": "44400",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44400 | null | 44403 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44402",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For saying who are you? I understand you can say\n\nKimi wa dare nanda? or Anata wa dare? and similars.\n\nThen what does Silver Fang say here?\n\n[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1M6C35Hxu1Q&t=2m22s](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1M6C35Hxu1Q&t=2m22s)\n\nWhat I hear is \"Dare ja ne .. kimi wa\" I guess I'm misshearing a lot because\nas far as I know \"ja ne\" it's a way to say good bye so it doesnt make sense to\nbe there? What is he saying exactly?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T22:13:06.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44401",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T14:56:02.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "alternative ways to say \"who are you?\"?",
"view_count": 3529
} | [
{
"body": "You're not mishearing it. The じゃ is a corrupted form of だ common to accented\nspeech in Japan. 関西弁 does something similar, but uses や. The ね works as\nsimilarly to か (question-indicating sentence final particle), but I would\nthink of it as a softer, more colloquial か.\n\n(In Shoko's comment on this answer, she suggests that it feels a little bit\narrogant and is most likely to come from an old man.)\n\nIf きみはだれですか is \"Who are you?\", you can think of だれじゃね。。。きみは as \"Who da...\nhell're you?\" or similar.",
"comment_count": 17,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-13T22:55:48.617",
"id": "44402",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T14:56:02.853",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T14:56:02.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "4179",
"owner_user_id": "4179",
"parent_id": "44401",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44401 | 44402 | 44402 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44416",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it sometimes considered politer or more formal to say ちゃう・じゃう as opposed to\nしてしまう？ Does it give a more positive nuance than してしまう？\n\nAn example: One time I was going to be late to a dinner date and someone\ncalled me asking how late I would be. They were nervous and I'm their senior\nso they were using keigo the whole time, and then I said something like \"it's\nok if you start without me,\" and they replied 「それでは、はじまっちゃいます」 which I took to\nmean \"ok, we're going to go ahead and start then.\"\n\nI mean its not a big deal to me but I was just curious because intuitively it\ndoes feel like saying 「それでは、はじまってしまいます」would be completely wrong. Something\nabout てしまう gives me more of a nuance of agency where ちゃう and じゃう don't.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T03:59:51.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44406",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T09:08:06.233",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T06:43:54.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"contractions",
"formality"
],
"title": "formality of ちゃう・じゃう",
"view_count": 271
} | [
{
"body": "I think they actually said 始めちゃいます using 始 **め** る (transitive).\n\n～ちゃう is always colloquial and relatively informal, but usually not impolite.\nIt's inappropriate to use ～ちゃう in formal greetings and business letters. But\nin everyday conversations, many people use it even when they are talking with\ntheir bosses using light keigo (です/ます). If you were an unfriendly 怖い上司, they\nmight have avoided ～ちゃう and said それでは始めてしまいます.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T09:08:06.233",
"id": "44416",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T09:08:06.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44406",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 44406 | 44416 | 44416 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44422",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between these sentences, and their particle usage?\n\n> * _watashi **wa** kore **ga** sukidesu_\n> * _watashi **ga** kore **o** sukidesu_\n>\n\nI don't really understand the usage of these particles.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T06:56:32.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44409",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T13:27:50.723",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T07:11:03.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"particles"
],
"title": "Difference between particles wa, ga and o with sukidesu",
"view_count": 2365
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. わたしはこれが好【す】きです。 \n> Watashi wa kore ga sukidesu.\n>\n\n... is neutral and very basic \"I like it\". It's the most basic way to say \"I\nlike ～\" in Japanese. See: [私は猫が好き and\n猫は私が好き](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17857/5010)\n\n> 2. わたし **が** これが好きです。 \n> Watashi **ga** kore ga sukidesu.\n>\n\nThis sentence uses exhaustive-listing _ga_ described\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010). When someones asks \"Who\nlikes it (among those people)?\" then this sentence would be the natural\nresponse. It's like saying \" _I_ like it\" with emphasis on \"I\".\n\n> 3. わたし **が** これ **を** 好きです。 \n> Watashi **ga** kore **o** sukidesu.\n>\n\nThis is semantically the same as Sentence 2. In complex sentences, sometimes を\ncan be used instead of が as if 好き were a normal verb. This phenomenon has been\ndiscussed several times on this site (see: [Why is を used in this situation?\n私は先生がネコを好きだと思います](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4210/5010) and [Usage\nof ～を好き outside of embedded\nclauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26005/5010) ). In your example,\ninstead of saying が twice, you can replace the second が with を. According to\n[this article (in\nJapanese)](http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/lt/rb/599/599pdf/higasiya.pdf)\nthis happens more often in younger generations. But I think this one is\ngrammatically exceptional, so I recommend you familiarize yourself with\nSentences 1 and 2 first.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T13:22:18.393",
"id": "44422",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T13:27:50.723",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44409",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 44409 | 44422 | 44422 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44412",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence:\n\n> 5,60年後の人々の生活がどう変わっているかとても想像できません。\n>\n> I cannot imagine how the lifestyles of people will change after fifty, sixty\n> years.\n\nI am wondering how to pronounce the 5,60年 part. Is it ごじゅうろくじゅうねん or ごろくじゅうねん?\nOr does both work?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T07:53:19.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44411",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T08:21:50.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"numbers"
],
"title": "How to pronounce 5,60年?",
"view_count": 154
} | [
{
"body": "It's ごろくじゅうねん.\n\n2,30年 is にさんじゅうねん.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T08:21:50.080",
"id": "44412",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T08:21:50.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20111",
"parent_id": "44411",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44411 | 44412 | 44412 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44418",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the computers field, a server **serves** a request (ex: web server).\n\nHow to express that in Japanese?\n\nEnglish example documentation for a method that serves a request:\n\n```\n\n /**\n * Serve the request.\n */\n public Response serve(Request request)\n \n```\n\nI want to translate that documentation to Japanese, so I write `リクエストを____`",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T10:15:25.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44417",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T18:20:48.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"word-requests",
"computing"
],
"title": "How to say \"serve\" in \"The server serves the request\"?",
"view_count": 1267
} | [
{
"body": "I doubt there is a direct equivalent. If you don't mind rephrasing it, you can\nuse:\n\n * 配信する (to distribute)\n * 応答する (to respond)\n * 処理する (to process)\n\nBut in programming contexts, just using サーブする is also a good idea. There is no\ngood kanji word for _server_ , after all.\n\n**EDIT:** The reason why _serve_ is difficult to translate literally is\nbecause one can say both \"serve a request\" (the object is something coming\ninto the server) and \"serve a file\" (the object is something going out of the\nserver). 応答 and 処理 are close to the former sense, and 配信 is close to the\nlatter sense. I think サーブする covers both meanings.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T10:26:39.043",
"id": "44418",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T18:20:48.567",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T18:20:48.567",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44417",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44417 | 44418 | 44418 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44437",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reading a lesson in Japanese and they translated this phrase like this:\n\n> 枝豆、いつできるかなあ。\n>\n> = Edamame, itsu dekiru kanaa.\n>\n> I wonder when I can harvest Edamame.\n\nkanaa = I wonder \ndekiru = be able to \nitsu = when\n\nWhere is the \"harvest\" here?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T13:09:27.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44420",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T06:47:02.367",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is this phrase missing something?",
"view_count": 263
} | [
{
"body": "This できる is a simple intransitive verb that means \"to form\", \"to be\nmade/completed/ready\". Thus 「枝豆、いつできるかなあ。」 literally means \"I wonder when\nedamade will be ready.\"\n\nThere is no word that corresponds to \"harvest\" here. Edamame is both the name\nof the beans and the name of a dish. Depending on the context, this sentence\ncan mean both \"I wonder when edamame (beans) will be ready (for harvesting).\"\nand \"I wonder when edamame (dish) will be ready (for eating).\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T18:10:50.323",
"id": "44437",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T18:10:50.323",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44420",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> できる【出来る】❶ 事物が新たに生じる。 \n> ㋒ 作物が（立派に）育つ。また、立派に育って収穫される。「今年は特別に甘みの強いナシができた」「この地方ではいい米ができる」\n\nOther than \"be able to do (some action)\", the verb できる has several other\nmeanings, and one of its primary/basic meanings is \"for something to come into\nexistence.\" できる can be used to mean \"to grow (well)\" or \"to grow well and be\nharvested\", hence the translation \"I wonder when I can harvest Edamame.\"\n\nOf course the できる in your example sentence can also be interpreted as \"to be\ncooked / prepared\" \"to be ready to eat\", as @naruto has pointed out.\n\nAs an aside, dictionaries will tell you that できる can also be used to say \"to\nbe made / produced / born / formed / organized\" \"to be finished / completed\"\n\"(for someone) to be quick / excellent / competent / mature\" \"to do well (in\nexams etc.)\" \"to be in relationship\", etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T23:35:45.200",
"id": "44443",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T06:47:02.367",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-15T06:47:02.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "44420",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44420 | 44437 | 44437 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44429",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am interested in learning why katakana was chosen to represent foreign\nwords.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T13:14:06.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44421",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-03T22:17:16.313",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T17:31:41.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"orthography",
"history",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Why are \"loanwords\" written in katakana?",
"view_count": 1529
} | [
{
"body": "Because that's the original purpose of katakana. Katakana was invented to\ndenote the readings of unfamiliar foreign words (although, in those days,\n\"foreign words\" mainly referred to words in Asian languages such as Sanskrit,\nPali, Chinese). On the other hand, hiragana developed as the shorthand for\nnative Japanese sentences written in Manyo-gana. For details, please read the\nfollowing questions:\n\n * [Why was both katakana and hiragana created?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4281/5010)\n * [Why are there 3 ways of writing in Japanese?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3984/5010)\n\nThe Japanese writing system underwent multiple major overhauls in the last\n1500 years, but one main role of katakana basically remained the same: to\nserve as the phonetic alphabet to purely represent the sounds of non-ordinary\nwords.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T16:17:59.540",
"id": "44429",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T16:17:59.540",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44421",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "The Japanese writing system consists of three scripts, _hiragana_ , _katakana_\nand _kanji_.\n\nTo make a foreign word a loanword, the **first step** is to **choose a\ntransliteration** which is given in _kana_ (either _hiragana_ or _katakana_ ).\n\nThe second step of also assigning it a _kanji_ is not necessary. (And usually\nnot done anymore; _ateji_ such as 天ぷら, 煙草【たばこ】, etc. are still used, but there\nare few newly coined _ateji_ ).\n\nChoosing _katakana_ over _hiragana_ for loanwords (of _foreign_ origin) fits\nwell with the origin of _katakana_ of being a shorthand for Sanskrit (or Pali)\nsounds written with Chinese characters.\n\nOne major difference between _katakana_ and _hiragana_ is that there was only\na fairly minimal set of _katakana_. However, there was a large set of cursive\ncharacters with many different forms for the same sound. Of these, a minimal\nset was selected and called _hiragana_. Those forms that didn't make it were\ncalled _hentaigana_.\n\nIn any case, _katakana_ is now the default script for loanwords (by the\nregulatory body 文部科学省 _Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and\nTechnology_ ) and has been probably since the post-WWII writing reform (1946).\n\nHowever, before said writing reform, there are also publications with the\nroles of _katakana_ and _hiragana_ interchanged:\n\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/beXUe.png) \n> Newton's interpolation formula\n>\n> Source: 藤原松三朗 「和算史ノ研究」 (東北数学雑誌 Vol. 46, 1940)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T17:23:13.027",
"id": "44434",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T17:28:19.897",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "44421",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "It is said that it was originally meant for foreign words, but some guys tend\nto oversimplify the matter for pedagogical purposes. It's not that easy a\nquestion, because the roles of katakana have changed over time. Until some\ndecades, you would still find katakana instead of hiragana for the\ntranscription of particles. Even today, it can be used to emphasize native\nJapanese words, much like we would use Italics in some Western languages.\nAlso, for words, whether native or foreign in origin, that bear a scientific\nmeaning where they could be mistaken for their cultural connotations, such as\nnames of animal or plant species. Also, for onomatopoeic expressions,\nespecially if they depict actual sounds instead of emotions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-03T22:17:16.313",
"id": "59860",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-03T22:17:16.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30488",
"parent_id": "44421",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 44421 | 44429 | 44429 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44430",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm trying to make sense of this phrase to me\n\n> 君を幸せにできるのは僕だけだと信じていました。 \n> Kimi o shiawase ni dekiru nowa boku dake da to shinjite imashita.\n\nwhich I found translated as\n\n> I always believed I was the only one who could make you happy.\n\n\"kimi o shiawase ni dekiru\" is \"be able to make you happy\" or something like\nthat\n\nshinjite imashita is \"believed\"\n\n\"boku dake da\" , \"I just am\" (I suppose)\n\nQuestion is, is the \"who\" given by some word or particles (such as nowa) or is\nit just the structure of the sentence who puts a \"who\" when translated there ,\nand which meanings/functions have the \"nowa\" and \"to\" particles here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T13:35:53.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44425",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T17:02:56.620",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T16:39:41.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "nowa , to in the phrase \"kimi o shiawase ni dekiru nowa boku dake da to shinjite imashita\"",
"view_count": 606
} | [
{
"body": "The 'no' in 'nowa' can be thought of as the pronoun 'one'. Your familiar with\nphrases like 'aoi **no** ga hoshii desu' = 'I want the blue one' right?\n\nThis 'one' pronoun is modified by the relative clause 'kimi o shiawase ni\ndekiru'. And then the whole lot is made into a topic with 'wa'. So \"The one\nwho can make you happy\" is the topic of the sentence.\n\n'kimi o shiawase ni dekiru' kind of works like the adjective 'aoi' in that it\nmodifies 'one' and tells you what kind of 'one' the person is talking about.\n\nWe could have translated the example as \"I want the one **which** is blue\", to\nwhich you might legitimately ask 'where did the **which** come from?. It's the\nsame with 'who' in your example.\n\nIf you still can't see where the 'who' comes from try [this\nlink](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/clause), or just check out\n'relative clauses' in general.\n\nFor the last part of your question, the particle 'to' translates to 'that'.It\nmarks quotes (direct and indirect). \"I believed **that** I was the only one\n...\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T16:46:54.150",
"id": "44430",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T16:52:54.347",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T16:52:54.347",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "44425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The main (outermost) structure of this sentence is:\n\n> ～と信じていました。 \n> I had believed that ～.\n\nSo this と is the plain old quotative particle.\n\nThe remaining part (his \"belief\") is:\n\n> 君を幸せにできるのは僕だけだ。 \n> It is only me who can make you happy.\n\nThis の is a nominalizer, but this construction has a special name called a\n[cleft sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010). This is a\ntypical cleft sentence made from:\n\n> 僕だけが君を幸せにできる。 \n> Only I can make you happy.\n\nThat \"who\" after \"one\" is called a [relative\npronoun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010), and you will not\nfind its direct equivalent in the Japanese translation. Japanese relative\nclauses are much simpler, as you probably know.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T16:56:08.060",
"id": "44431",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T17:02:56.620",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 44425 | 44430 | 44431 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Ｗhat is the difference between 終に、遂に、and 竟に? All of them are ついに and have the\nsame meaning in english too \"finally\". Thank you ^^",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T14:43:30.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44426",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T15:21:14.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20134",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Ｗhat is the difference between 終に、遂に、and 竟に？",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "The reason ついに has three kanji is because the word was originally (i.e. a\nmillennium ago) used to translate these three different Chinese adverbs:\n\n * 終: in the end; finally\n * 遂: consequently\n * 竟: it turns out that; in fact\n\n**But** , we no more intentionally distinguish these meanings, and most of\nthem are already fallen into disuse in Japanese. Today we only recognize\n\"finally\" meaning while prefer 遂 kanji. You have no need to care about any\ndifference between those kanji, only need to know that people could use any of\nthem (plus all hiragana form) according to their tastes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T15:21:14.813",
"id": "44427",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T15:21:14.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "44426",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44426 | null | 44427 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44435",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that 癖 means \"habit\", most likely a bad one, for example the habit to\nbite nails:\n\n> 爪を噛｛か｝む癖のある人\n\nBut what I am wondering about is whether 癖がある _by itself_ also necessarily has\na bad meaning or connotation (when said about people): my dictionary gives a\ntranslation _\"quirky\"_ , which I would say is more of a positive thing. But in\nJapanese I find descriptions like 性格がきつい, which to me again is somewhat\nambiguous (is it regarded positive or negative, 50/50 etc.).\n\nDoes this expression 癖のある～ always carry a somewhat negative tone, or would the\nmeaning tend more towards the English \"quirky\"? Thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T15:27:55.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44428",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T14:49:06.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14037",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "癖のある~ and negative connotations",
"view_count": 607
} | [
{
"body": "When we say (Xは)癖がある or 癖が/のあるX without specifying what sort of 癖 it is that X\nhas, the word 癖 often refers to _a distinctive or peculiar quality_ of some\nkind, rather than a particular behavioral pattern.\n\nWe may speak of 癖のある味(\"a distinctive taste (of food)\"), 一癖も二癖もある人(\"a person\nwith a peculiar quality or two\") or say things like あの人は癖が強い, with the\nimplication that things/people described as such have distinctive qualities\nthat make people love or hate them (or at least make some people cautious in\ndealing with them). So I'd say 癖がある has an ambivalent connotation, but maybe a\nbit more negative than positive.\n\n性格がきつい means something different and more specific, namely that someone _has\nan acerbic or abrasive disposition_ , and I suppose it's usually used in a\nsomewhat negative way.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T17:35:33.177",
"id": "44435",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T17:35:33.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "44428",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "癖のある would be more towards [\"quirky\" in\nEnglish](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/quirky). The expression\n癖のある by itself has no significant tone of being positive or negative.\n\n**Less quirk than quirky**\n\nThe word \"quirk\" seems to carry other meanings beyond its adjective \"quirky\"\naccording to [Collins English\nDictionary](https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/quirk).\nAmerican English (not quoted) has similar meanings but takes different orders\nof priority compared to British English (quoted below).\n\n> English: quirk\n>\n> 1. an individual pecularity of character; (○ 癖のある)\n>\n> 2. an unexpected twist or turn; (✕ 癖のある)\n>\n> 3. a continuous groove in an architectural moulding; (✕ 癖のある)\n>\n> 4. a flourish, as in handwriting; (△ 癖のある)\n>\n>\n\nI have added notes in the brackets to describe compatibility of the expression\nagainst each meaning, such that `○ 癖のある`: commonly used; `△ 癖のある`: sometimes\nused; `✕ 癖のある`: not used or not found.\n\n**Positive, negative, neither**\n\nDoes the expression have positive or negative connotation? [This thread on\nYomiuri Online](http://komachi.yomiuri.co.jp/t/2011/1021/453840.htm) had asked\na very similar question to that: what kind of person is described as 癖のある, or\nwhat does 癖のある人 mean literally.\n\n> 癖のある人って具体的に言うと、どういう人なのでしょうか？\n\nAnd the earliest answer contributed by 秋の温泉 dated 2011年10月21日 11:56 had\nreplied as following (partially quoted).\n\n> 色んなニュアンスをこめられる言い方だと思いますが、私は以下のように解釈しています。\n>\n> ・悪い人ではない。しかし、誰もがいい人と思うような代表的長所（温和、優しい、人当たりがいいなど）が当てはまる人ではない。 [...]\n\nThe relevant point translates to \"Not a bad person. However, the person is\nneither good, of which anyone would describe as being a fine exemplary of\nvirtue (moderate, kind, good manner, etc.)\". So it could be positive or\nnegative, but it's neither to begin with.\n\n**Perfect example (added 2017.03.16)**\n\nThe following sentences make use of the expression 癖のある and put the expression\nin different tones to make sense in this answer.\n\n> (1) 時{とき}に、マイナス点{てん}を一票{いっぴょう}いれていながらコメントをのこさない **癖のある** ユーザーに困ってしまう。\n>\n> (1) Sometimes, I would be bothered by **quirky** user who don't leave any\n> comment while a downvote has been made.\n\nIn the first sentence, 癖のある would be translated as \"quirky\" to describe the\npeculiar behaviour of user. This expression by itself doesn't mean positive or\nnegative. It is neither. The following sentence changes the expression into a\ndifferent tone.\n\n> (2)\n> マイナス点{てん}を一票{いっぴょう}いれるのはユーザーの権利{けんり}であるが、コメント無{な}しでは修正{しゅうせい}の手{て}がかりも無{な}いため、\n> **悪{わる}い癖のある** ユーザーとも言{い}える。\n>\n> (2) It is a user's privilege to cast a downvote however, given that comment\n> was not available, there is no clue to make revision thus, the user is also\n> said to **have a bad habit**.\n\nIn the second sentence, 癖のある is translated as \"have a habit\" due to the\nexpression is preceded by the adjective 悪い \"bad\". When combined into a single\nexpression, 悪い癖のある is now translated as \"have a bad habit\". As a result, this\nexpression has a negative tone.\n\nTherefore, depending on how the expression is used in a sentence, the tone can\nbe positive, negative, or neither.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T08:43:01.570",
"id": "44452",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T14:49:06.113",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T14:49:06.113",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "44428",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 44428 | 44435 | 44435 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44436",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen these forms used in manga:\n\n> 1) いや一概にあほとは言えん\n>\n> 2) そう思わんですか！\n>\n> 3) 入らん人々は...\n\nAre these simply the negative forms, or are they something else?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T16:57:49.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44432",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T19:23:31.287",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-14T19:23:31.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "19772",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Verb conjugations such as 思わん、言えん",
"view_count": 176
} | [
{
"body": "These are simply contracted forms of the negations of those verbs, i. e.\n`思わん＝思わぬ／思わない` etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T17:44:30.287",
"id": "44436",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-14T17:44:30.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20224",
"parent_id": "44432",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44432 | 44436 | 44436 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I got \"ombo\" rides from my Grandfather. What is the etymology of \"ombo\" which\ndoes not appear in standard dictionaries?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T19:29:29.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44438",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T00:05:20.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20272",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Etmyology of \"ombo\"",
"view_count": 354
} | [
{
"body": "The _ombo_ word you remember is almost certainly from Japanese 負{お}んぶ ( _ombu_\n: \"to carry piggyback\"). This comes from older 負{お}ぶう ( _obuu_ ), which in\nturn appears to be the continuous / repetitive form of classical 負{お}ふ ( _ofu_\n, ancient _opu_ \"to put on one's back\"; modern form 負{お}う, _ou_ ).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T00:05:20.830",
"id": "44444",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T00:05:20.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "44438",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 44438 | null | 44444 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44447",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was explained in english stack exchange that the phrase\n\n\"I always believed I was the only one who could make you happy.\" has several\nclauses, each one has a subject.\n\n[I always believed [(that) (2)]] (main clause, subject I) [I was the only one\n[(3)] (object clause of believe, subject I) [who could make you happy]\n(relative clause modifying one, subject who)\n\nNow in the japanese the phrase \"Kimi o shiawase ni dekiru nowa boku dake da to\nshinjite imashita.\" which would be sort of the literal translation of that,\nthere is only one \"wa\" , which is the topic marker, which it would be\nsomething similar to the subject. Then my question is, how do you know in\njapanese, where do you have to set the topic or subject markers \"wa\" and \"ga\"\nin sentences with several clauses?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T19:45:22.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44439",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T03:47:12.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "When sentences have several clauses with several subjects/topics, do they use more than one \"ga\" or \"wa\"?",
"view_count": 730
} | [
{
"body": "> Where do you have to set the topic or subject markers \"wa\" and \"ga\" in\n> sentences with several clauses?\n\nSomewhere before the predicate the subject corresponds to. To put it very\nsimply, Japanese sentences with more than one clause would look something like\nthis:\n\n 1. `S1 (S2 (S3 P3) P2) P1` (typically found in complex sentences involving relative clauses)\n 2. `S1 P1, S2 P2, S3 P3` (typically found in [compound sentences](http://examples.yourdictionary.com/compound-sentence-examples.html))\n 3. `S1 (S2 P2) P2, S3 P3`\n\nWhere S means subject, P means predicate (verbs, adjectives, copulae (だ/です)).\nAll objects and modifiers are omitted. This means that in Japanese sentences,\na subject always comes before its corresponding predicate, but one sentence\ncan be deeply nested.\n\nConsider this sentence, which I feel is fairly simple and easy:\n\n> 私はこれはピカソが描いた絵だと思います。 \n> `S1 (S2 (S3 P3) P2) P1` \n> I think this is a picture Picasso painted.\n\nThree nouns (subjects) marked with は or が appear in succession. From outer to\ninner, 私は--思います, これは--だ and ピカソが--描いた form three clauses.\n\nBut **subjects can be omitted** when they are not important:\n\n> これはピカソが描いた絵だと思います。 \n> `(S2 (S3 P3) P2) P1` \n> I think this is a picture Picasso painted.\n>\n> 私はピカソが描いた絵だと思います。 \n> `S1 ((S3 P3) P2) P1` \n> _I_ think [it] is a picture Picasso painted.\n>\n> ピカソが描いた絵だと思います。 \n> `((S3 P3) P2) P1` \n> I think this is a picture Picasso painted.\n\nAs a result, you will very often see a sentence with three (or more)\npredicates and only one (or even no) explicit subject. And thanks to the\nparticle system, you can change the word order to a certain degree. Still, a\nsubject almost always comes before its predicate (there are [exceptional 転置法\nsentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38645/5010), though).\n\n> これはピカソが描いた絵だと私は思います。 \n> `(S1 (S3 P3) P2) S1 P1` \n> I think this is a picture Picasso painted.\n\nOf course even more deeply nested sentences are possible:\n\n> 私はこれはピカソが彼が髪が長い少年だった時代に描いた絵だと思います。 \n> `S1 (S2 (S3 (S4 (S5 P5) P4) P3) P2) P1` \n> I think this is a picture Picasso painted when he was a boy with long hair.\n\nFrom here, you have to practice. Parsing deeply nested sentences is one of the\nmost difficult challenges in mastering both English and Japanese. Actually,\nordinary Japanese students take years to get used to English relative clauses\n(and many people simply fail).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T03:47:12.763",
"id": "44447",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T03:47:12.763",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44439",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 44439 | 44447 | 44447 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So I'm having trouble translating these lyrics (Sorry they aren't in Japanese.\nThe romaji was all I could find, and I was worried about converting it to\nJapanese, in case I messed something up.)\n\nYawarakaku atatakaku te\n\nOmoidasenai sukoshi amai nioi...\n\nNukeochi ta no wa nani\n\nModoshite ittai nani no hanashi\n\nThis is what I could make out of it: Tenderly, warmly... there's a little I\ncan't remember, a sweet fragrance...\n\nMy translation of this seemed disjoint, but I thought, perhaps, because the\nspeaker can't remember, it's supposed to be like that? However, I'm unsure\nabout that, so I thought I'd see what all of you thought.\n\nFor the next two lines, I have trouble with how 何 is used. My best guess for\nthe next two lines would be: \"What has collapsed/fallen out? A story of what\nreturns.\" I'm unsure if these lines are questions or not, and generally just\nhow 何 is being used in both of those situations.\n\nThe song is called Samayoeba Yumeutsutsu, by the way. Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T21:06:47.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44441",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T05:25:19.753",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Use of 何 in these sentences; please help with translating!",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "Song lyrics, just like in English tend to not be the most grammatically\ncorrect due to prioritizing making them sound good and rhyme.\n\nSome details seems to be lacking to make an exact translation, but here is how\nI would translate it.\n\nYawarakaku atatakaku te\n\n> Soft and warm,\n\nOmoidasenai sukoshi amai nioi...\n\n> The somewhat sweet fragrance that I cannot remember...\n\nNukeochita no wa nani\n\n> The thing that fell apart, what(何) is it?\n\nModoshite ittai nani no hanashi\n\n> Put it back together... What(何) is this about?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T01:03:29.457",
"id": "44445",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T01:03:29.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "44441",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Full lyrics [here](http://karent.jp/album/1709/lyric/5) (click 5. 彷徨えば夢現):\n\n> 深い眠りから覚めたような \n> 夢のような \n> 柔らかく温かくて \n> 思い出せない少し甘い匂い\n>\n> 抜け落ちたのは何 \n> 戻して \n> 一体何の話\n\nIt's not always practical to split lyrics into \"sentences\", but in this case I\nfeel the first four lines form one long noun phrase. In other words,\neverything before 匂い modifies 匂い, because everything before it is in its\ncontinuative or attributive form. So it's fragrant which seems as if you woke\nup from deep sleep, and is dreamy, soft, warm, vague, and a bit sweet at the\nsame time.\n\nOn the other hand, the next three lines look like three independent\n\"sentences\" to me. \"What is it that has fallen off?\", \"Take back!\" and \"What\nare you talking about?\"\n\nIf you feel the word order of 抜け落ちたのは何 is strange, please read\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010). It's an emphatic\nversion of 何が抜け落ちた？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T04:09:32.947",
"id": "44449",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T05:25:19.753",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44441",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44441 | null | 44449 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44448",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As the metric system has not been used for an extremely long period of time,\nthere must have been some type of standardized system in place prior to its\nuse. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-14T21:11:59.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44442",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T03:52:06.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What were the units of measure used before the metric system was implemented?",
"view_count": 122
} | [
{
"body": "It's all described here:\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_units_of_measurement>\n\nAlthough these are now essentially never used for any sort of calculation,\nmany traces remain in everyday life; the cost of land is quoted in yen per\ntsubo (坪単価), sake is sold in bottles of 1 _shō_ (一升瓶). And my favourite: the\nstaging used to build a platform on stage comes in modular sizes, such as 3x6\nor 4x6 _shaku_ , always referred to as _saburoku_ (3尺x6尺), _shiburoku_ (4x6),\netc, but the preprinted plan they give you is marked in 1-metre squares.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T03:52:06.860",
"id": "44448",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T03:52:06.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7717",
"parent_id": "44442",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44442 | 44448 | 44448 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having difficulties understanding why, in a reading test, one answer is\nmarked as correct instead of another.\n\nThe full text can be found [here](http://japanesetest4you.com/japanese-\nlanguage-proficiency-test-jlpt-n1-reading-exercise-01/#more-1549). In this\npost I will only paste the sections relevant to the answers, and the answers\nto choose from.\n\n> 日本人に個性がないということはよく言われていることだけれど、今世界的に、1\n> 週間、或いは年間にどれだけ働くか、ということについて、常識的な申し合わせが行われていることには、私はいつも **違和感を覚えている** 。\n>\n> [...]\n>\n>\n> 人間が週に何時間働くべきか、ということにも、ひとりひとりの適切な時間があると思う。労働時間を一律に決めなければならない、とするのは専門職ではない、未熟練労働に対する基準としてのみ有効である。未熟練労働者の場合は、時間あたりの労働賃金をできるだけ高くし、それによって労働時間を短縮しようとして当然である。\n\nThe question and answers to choose from are below:\n\n> **違和感を覚えている** のはなぜか。\n\n 1. 世界的に労働時間が決められているから。\n 2. 適切な労働時間は人によって異なるから。\n 3. 日本人は時間にきびしいから。\n 4. 日本人は働きすぎるから。\n\nAnswers 3 and 4 are plain wrong so nothing to discuss there. At a first\nreading I was quite sure the answer would be 1. However, number 2 is what\ngiven as correct.\n\nMy question is, why is that? Or equivalently why is number 1 wrong?\n\nI certainly understand why number 2 is true as a statement itself, but I\nthought that number 1. indicates more precisely what the 違和感 refers to.\n\nThis because it quite clearly says: [...] **ことには** [...]違和感を覚えている, and that\nことには, which is what the \"uncomfortable feeling\" generates from, refers what\ncame just before, that is, to the fact that in the world nowadays there it is\ncommon to believe that there should be a right/fixed amount of working hours\n(very loosely translated here). Which is just answer 1, isn't it?\n\nMaybe I'm missing something trivial here, I would appreciate some help. Thanks\nas usual.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T07:22:33.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44450",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T07:46:47.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"parsing",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "About the correct answer to a reading test",
"view_count": 220
} | [
{
"body": "The ことには refers to **what** situation he feels uncomfortable. \nThe question is なぜ. So you have to say **why** he feels that way.\n\nThe reason **why** is explained after the statement in the following\nparagraph.\n\nSimply put,\n\n> In a world where the amount of required time to work is fixed, I have always\n> felt uncomfortable... The fact is that the optimal amount of time to work\n> varies from one person to another...\n\nIf the question is\n\n> Why does he feel uncomfortable?\n\nThe answer would be 適切な労働時間は人によって異なるから。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T07:46:47.043",
"id": "44451",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T07:46:47.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "44450",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44450 | null | 44451 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44454",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm currently studying Japanese grammar and there's this sentence:\n\n> 駅の前にいるから、迎えに行ってくれる？\n\nBy default the translation given is:\n\n> I’m in front of the station, can you come here to meet me?\n\nBut couldn't it also be translated as:\n\n> [since] You are in front of the station, can you come to meet me?\n\nThe reason I'm confused is because there is no subject and no context to infer\nthe subject from. This is pretty normal occurrence in Japanese from what I\nunderstand, but is there something else in the sentence that could make either\nof these two translation a \"preferred one\" or am I being completely wrong\nhere?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T10:54:35.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44453",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T08:27:30.140",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-15T12:21:57.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "20282",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"subjects"
],
"title": "Who is the subject in 「駅の前にいるから、迎えに行ってくれる？」?",
"view_count": 185
} | [
{
"body": "> 駅の前にいるから、迎えに行ってくれる？\n\nAs you said, the subjects are omitted, but there are several clues. Let's say\nA is talking to B.\n\n * A assumes B is currently not in front of the station, otherwise he wouldn't ask him/her to go there.\n * 駅の前にいるから implies that _someone_ is in front of the station.\n * If A were at the station, he would have said 迎えに **来て** くれる？\n * Since neither A or B are in front of the station, it has to be a third person C.\n\nWe get\n\n> _[A talking to B]._ C is in front of the station. Could you pick him/her up?\n\nWho A, B, C are would have to be determined from context. However, C is\ndifferent from A and B, so there are _three_ people involved.\n\nIn particular, neither of your translations is consistent with these clues.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T12:20:22.590",
"id": "44454",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T08:27:30.140",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T08:27:30.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "44453",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 44453 | 44454 | 44454 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44456",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I see the large lights used for illumination at night, but they are shaped\nkind of like a round ball and powered with generators. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T12:47:07.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44455",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T13:13:58.977",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-15T13:13:58.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the term for the large ball shaped lights that are used to illuminate roads during construction?",
"view_count": 82
} | [
{
"body": "I think most people who are not in the construction industry just call them\nライト (or something like 工事現場のライト).\n\nIf you really need a specific term for that purpose, you can use\n[投光器【とうこうき】](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E6%8A%95%E5%85%89%E5%99%A8&ei=UTF-8)\nor\n[作業灯【さぎょうとう】](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?p=%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%81%AF&ei=UTF-8).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T13:09:58.240",
"id": "44456",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T13:09:58.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44455 | 44456 | 44456 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44468",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I ran across this phrase アンハッピーニューイヤーンバカーン spoken by a manga character.\nBasically I see this reads as \"A Happy New Year\", but I'm not sure what the\naddition of ン's mean after ア and ハッピーニューイヤー.\n\nAt the end there is also バカーン, which I'm not sure whether it's a sound effect\nlike 'BAM!' or 'idiot', as in 馬鹿（バカ), with the added ン as I mentioned above.\n\nCan anyone help me with this?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uDmGh.png)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T17:40:40.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44458",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T03:29:16.170",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T02:53:05.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "20274",
"owner_user_id": "20274",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"manga",
"puns",
"jokes"
],
"title": "Translation of ハッピーニューイヤーンバカーン",
"view_count": 401
} | [
{
"body": "イヤーンバカーン is an cliched, interjection-like set phrase. いやーん (嫌ーん) literally\nmeans \"no\" or \"I dislike it\" and ばかーん (馬鹿ーん) is \"idiot.\" It's not a refusal\nbut rather an aged, stereotyped word used when a woman toys or trifle with a\nman. So the person who said it is childishly and jokingly mimicking a sexy\nadult woman.\n\nProbably it's a wordplay similar to a classic joke\n[当たりの前田のクラッカー](http://d.hatena.ne.jp/keyword/%A4%A2%A4%BF%A4%EA%C1%B0%C5%C4%A4%CE%A5%AF%A5%E9%A5%C3%A5%AB%A1%BC).\nIt's a type of pun-like wordplay made by combining a totally meaningless\nphrase. The more meaningless and irrelevant phrase you join, the funnier it\nwill sound. It's technically called a\n[地口](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%A3#.E6.8E.9B.E8.A9.9E.E3.81.AE.E6.8A.80.E6.B3.95.E3.82.92.E4.BD.BF.E3.81.84.E3.80.81.E5.BE.8C.E3.81.AB.E6.84.8F.E5.91.B3.E3.81.AE.E3.81.AA.E3.81.84.E8.A8.80.E8.91.89.E3.82.92.E3.81.A4.E3.81.AA.E3.81.92.E3.81.9F.E3.82.82.E3.81.AE.EF.BC.88.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.AD.A6.E3.81.A7.E3.81.AF.E3.80.8C.E3.82.80.E3.81.A0.E5.8F.A3.E3.80.8D.E3.81.A8.E3.81.84.E3.81.86.EF.BC.89).\nSo that いやーんばかーん part does not really carry an important meaning, and you may\neven ignore it.\n\n~~ア **ン** ハッピーニューイヤー is \" _Un_ happy New Year\" rather than \"A Happy New Year.\"\nThat should be another cheesy joke he made.~~ That アン followed by ♥️ is like\n\"oh\" or \"ah\" induced by sexual stimuli.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T01:58:18.590",
"id": "44468",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T03:29:16.170",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T03:29:16.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44458",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 44458 | 44468 | 44468 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44465",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Could you please tell the difference between 事前に｛じぜんに｝, 前もって｛まえもって｝and\n早めに｛はやめに｝?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T18:45:17.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44459",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T23:25:26.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between words 事前に , 前もって and 早めに",
"view_count": 303
} | [
{
"body": "**早めに** means _earlier than usual_.\n\nExamples:\n\n> * 私が疲れているから **早めに** 帰そうとしているんだろうか、と私は思った。（内田{うちだ}春菊{じゅんきく}『犬の方が嫉妬深い』より） \n> I was thinking of getting home **earlier** because I was tired.\n>\n> * 早めに知りたいことを聞いておいた方がいいと、そんな予感がしたからだ。（畠中{はたけなか}恵{めぐみ}『百万の手』より） \n> Because I got the feeling that I had better ask out what I wanted to know\n> **as soon as possible**.\n>\n> * 図書館に寄ろうと思って、早めに出てきたんですけれど、休館日でした。 平日に休むなんて、信じられません。 （森{もり}博嗣{ひろし}『X 03\n> タカイ×タカイ』より） \n> Since I thought of dropping by the library, I went off home **early** , but\n> it was closed. Seriously, that's unbelievable it's closed on a weekday.\n>\n>\n\n* * *\n\n**前もって** means _beforehand_\n\n> * ゲドはおののいた。 これほどの竜の姿を前もって語ってくれた歌や物語がどこにあったろう。\n> 彼はあやうく竜の目に見入って、それにとらえられそうになった。 （グィン『ゲド戦記1 影との戦い』より） \n> Ged stared in awe. There was no song or tale could **prepare** the mind for\n> this sight. Almost he stared into the dragon's eyes and was caught.\n> (original text)\n>\n> * 人間の意志や行為が経済によって前もって決められているということだ。（今村{いまむら}仁司{ひとし}『マルクス入門』より） \n> It means that, all intention and behavior are determined **beforehand** by\n> the economy.\n>\n> * 前もって電話しなかったのは、別に理由があってのことではなかった。 ただ、父ならそれで文句も言うまいと分っていたからである。\n> （赤川{あかがわ}次郎{じろう}『アンバランスな放課後』より） \n> Why did I not call you? There is no special reason. But, since that's you\n> dad, I knew you would not be angry.\n>\n>\n\n* * *\n\n**事前** can mean _previous_ , _before_ , _beforehand_. Since it's a 漢語 it means\nit is a bit more formal and thus it mainly appears in writing. To better grasp\nits meaning you can see it as 事を行う前に.\n\n> * 液晶画面に表示された名前から、掛けてきた相手は事前に分かっていた。 摩耶｛まな｝の声を聞いて、眠気が吹っ飛んだ。\n> （楡{にれ}周平{しゅうへい}『フェイク』より） \n> Since the name appeared on the liquid-crystal-display I knew **before**\n> answering the call who it was. As soon as heard the voice of Mana my\n> doziness vanished.\n>\n> * これは、かれらがわれわれの行き先を事前に知っていたことを意味する。 ジェイムズ・ブリッシュ『二重人間スポック！』より \n> That means that they **already** knew what was our destination.\n>\n> * 原則として事前の約束のない訪問客とは会わないのが神崎の方針である。 しかし例外は存在する。\n> 赤川{あかがわ}次郎{じろう}『死者は空中を歩く』より As a rule, Kamisaki does not meet with a\n> customer who has not taken **beforehand** an appointment.\n>\n>\n\nUnlike 早めに et 前もって you can use 事前 as a noun.\n\n* * *\n\nAll examples are from yourei.jp",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T23:14:29.410",
"id": "44465",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T23:25:26.060",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-15T23:25:26.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "44459",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44459 | 44465 | 44465 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44462",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've seen some kanjis have this figure inside it. It's similar to other\nradicals and kanjis, but I couldnt find anywhere that it is a kanji or radical\nof its own. Is this a kanji or a radical by its own? Being able to identify\npart of a kanji as another kanji or as a radical helps memorizing them\n\nI can't type the symbol with my computer, if someone can please add it to the\ntitle it would be appreciated and it would make the question more descriptive\nand useful for others\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ye5l3.jpg)\n\nFor example it's used in this one above [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2kPgc.png)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T19:11:25.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44460",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T18:04:54.160",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T17:59:18.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Is this a kanji, a radical or something?",
"view_count": 361
} | [
{
"body": "This would **appear to** be the kanji\n[主](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB). This is not a radical itself:\nthis character is composed of the single-stroke radical\n[丶](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Index:Chinese_radical/%E4%B8%B6) followed\nby the body [王](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B). Although this is\nnot a radical, the kanji does appear as a component of other more-complicated\ncharacters, as you note.\n\n(For what it's worth, the radical of the\n[憲](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%86%B2) character is\n[心](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Index:Chinese_radical/%E5%BF%83), the\nelement on the bottom.)\n\n### Update\n\nUser istrasci pointed out that the central component of 憲 is four strokes, not\nfive. Upon further research into the historical development of the character,\nit is clear that this component was originally something more like\n[丰](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B0) (\"ear of grass\" pictogram) or\n[丯](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AF) (\"dense\"), where the vertical\nstroke extends below the bottom-most horizontal bar.\n\nSo depending on the context in which you see the graphical element you\nincluded in your post, it might be\n[主](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB), or it might be one of these\nother elements.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T21:10:30.477",
"id": "44462",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T23:42:08.027",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-15T23:42:08.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "44460",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Kodansha labels the top part of 青い as a ''Growing Plant'' Grapheme in one of\nthe kanji descriptions but I'm not sure if that's the same, as the middle part\nis shorter.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T18:04:54.160",
"id": "44582",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T18:04:54.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20228",
"parent_id": "44460",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44460 | 44462 | 44462 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44464",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence in a manga and I can't understand what it means. どアップ\n(or ドアップ) should mean close up, while しんどい means tiring, bothersome, hard\netc., but what do they mean when they are put together?\n\nThe scene goes like this: Two girls are nose-to-nose , one of them is\ncompletely enthralled by the beauty of the other, and in her inner dialogue\nshe says \"“どアップしんどい\" before praising the eyes and the eyelashes of the other\ngirl.\n\nI've seen it used as a hashtag on Instagram (on close up pictures) but that\ndidn't help me at all. Can someone help me out?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T20:32:47.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44461",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T22:14:40.583",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-15T20:57:42.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "19894",
"owner_user_id": "19894",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of \"どアップしんどい\"?",
"view_count": 988
} | [
{
"body": "* どアップ \nYes, it means close-up. Beyond that, it usually describes an extreme close-up\nshot that whole picture is covered up by the object ([often is a person's\nface](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%A9%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97&tbm=isch)).\nIn this specific case, it mentions the closeness with the other that she sees\nher どアップ face. The prefix ど makes a very strong slang that means \"total(ly)\",\n\"absolute(ly)\", or \"f***ing\".\n\n * しんどい \nThe word literally means \"fatigued\" or \"fatiguing\", but also is [a recent\nslang](https://togetter.com/li/1033826) that mostly used by otaku fangirls to\nexpress they are in the climax of excitement that they \"can't bear anymore\".\nIf your description of \"enthralled\" is correct, it might be used in this\nsense.\n\nThe sentence seemingly tells that she is しんどい being どアップ, though no particles\nbetween them. So, some free translations would be:\n\n> The close-up stare drains me out! \n> The close-up stare is killing me!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-15T21:55:48.563",
"id": "44464",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-15T22:14:40.583",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-15T22:14:40.583",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "44461",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44461 | 44464 | 44464 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44482",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Even though there are several recurring, easily guessable family name readings\n([田中]{たなか｝、佐藤｛さとう｝、田村｛たむら｝) in Japanese, there are usually many possible\nreadings to people's names Kanji, especially first names (良 could be あきら, りょう,\nまこと etc).\n\nHow do attendance checks in school classes deal with this one issue? Are\nstudents' names written in Kanji only, so that teachers have to ask the\nstudents with unusual/obscure names on how to pronounce them?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T00:49:47.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44466",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T17:05:52.760",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T01:02:26.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "20288",
"owner_user_id": "20288",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 19,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings",
"names",
"culture",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "How do attendance checklists in Japan deal with multiple possible name readings?",
"view_count": 4233
} | [
{
"body": "Well I don't know about school per se, but every form I've seen so far\n(Foreign registration, tax, social security, subscription to various\nutilities...) asks you to not only write your name, but specify the\npronunciation using Furigana. See for example this generic contact form:\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VUlSs.jpg)\n\nIt has a 名前{なまえ} field, split into 姓{せい} and 名｛めい｝ for family name and\nsurname. Right below, is another 名前｛なまえ｝カナ form, also split, that you are\nsupposed to fill with the pronunciation of your name.\n\nThus my guess is that you fill a similar form before the beginning of the\nschool year, and the teachers have the pronunciation available on the\nattendance checklist.\n\nI do not think that there is a generic method to guess the pronunciation of\nsomeone's name without asking for it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T01:08:12.437",
"id": "44467",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T01:08:12.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3614",
"parent_id": "44466",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "It's like this:\n\nTeacher: 「野田{のだ} 努{つとむ}さん。」\n\n野田: 「はい。」\n\nT: 「いわい 隆{たかし}さんですかね？しゅくさんですか？」(the surname reads 祝)\n\n祝: 「はふりです。」\n\nT: 「はふりって読むんですか。珍しい名前ですね。はふり たかしさん。」\n\n祝: 「はい。」\n\nThis conversation has actually taken place in my twelfth grade first\nclassroom.\n\nNote: People with easy-to-read names don't end up in this kind of awkward\nconversation very often.\n\nStill, it's often the case with me that they misread my name, especially when\nI hear back from business entities via a phone call, even after I filled in\nall the items including カナ on the inquiry forms like the picture below. They\noften overlook カナ when they find the names in kanji easy to read. I feel\nreally awkward making a correction every time they mess up my name.\n\nWhen you misread someone's name, do apologize.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T01:59:41.777",
"id": "44469",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T15:49:14.800",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T15:49:14.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "1308",
"owner_user_id": "19858",
"parent_id": "44466",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 19
},
{
"body": "First, even native Japanese adults can correctly guess the reading of the\nkanji names of, say, only 90% of students, at most. Quite a few people have\nnames (either first names or surnames) with really unpredictable readings.\n\n> How do attendance checks in school classes deal with this one issue? Are\n> students' names written in Kanji only?\n\nThe answer is 'yes, mostly', because a class is a small and stable community\n(40 people at most) and everyone learns how to call one another fairly\nquickly. There is no true need to disambiguate the reading in such a\nsituation, in the first place. Here's how a typical checklist used in an\nelementary school looks like\n([source](https://www.laphouse.com/txsk_gmn07.htm)):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AMMkl.png)\n\nThere may be a few people with really difficult or ambiguous kanji readings,\nbut that does not justify you always have to have hiragana alongside the kanji\nnames throughout the school year.\n\nBut what about the beginning of each school year, when people are yet to\nfamiliarize themselves with one another? In such a case we can always use a\nname list with hiragana readings, which looks something like this\n([source](http://neta.co.jp/koumusiennsisutemu/ka04.html)):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JwGnW.png)\n\nAs @Urukann pointed out, virtually all organizations (schools and companies)\nmaintain a digital list of members with a furigana (\"readings\") field/column.\nWithout the furigana field, it is even impossible to sort names\nalphabetically! Basically whenever kanji names need to be correctly read out\naloud or sorted, we need furigana (hiragana). Unfortunately, many foreign\ncontact book applications and such are ignorant of this fact and try to sort\nJapanese names based on their kanji character code, which is nearly\nmeaningless.\n\nMost of the time, teachers do not have to ask how to read the name of a\nstudent, because they usually have access to the list with readings. But\nsometimes teachers may have to ask the reading of a name directly to the\nstudents themselves, as shown in @WataruSubridge's answer. This is more true\nin higher educations where teachers can meet many random students.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T16:38:53.207",
"id": "44482",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T17:05:52.760",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T17:05:52.760",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44466",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 44466 | 44482 | 44469 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44471",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does this sentence:\n\n> 「彼女が美しく [...] なりましたね。」\n\nneed 「に」 in the marked spot? And why? Can it be used both ways?\n\nI tried searching for the 「に」 usage but it seems to be the most elusive\nparticle as it's used in literally hundreds of different contexts.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T08:23:38.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44470",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T08:48:34.597",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T08:48:34.597",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9990",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Does this sentence 「彼女が美しくなりましたね。」 need 「に」?",
"view_count": 77
} | [
{
"body": "No, this sentence does not need に.\n\nHowever, に does appear in a similar construction: When you want to use なる \"to\nbecome\" with adjectives, you use the 連用形 _ren'yōkei_ , which is formed as\nfollows,\n\n 1. for _na_ -adjectives add に\n 2. for _i_ -adjectives, delete い and add く\n\nSo\n\n> 1. 彼女がきれい **に** なりましたね。\n> 2. 彼女が美し **く** なりましたね。\n>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T08:47:37.743",
"id": "44471",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T08:47:37.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "44470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 44470 | 44471 | 44471 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There's s hotel resident asking the receptionist that the AC doesn't work . so\nthe worker told him \"スイッチをぎじゅつしゃ押してください\" I don't know what's the meaning of\n\"ぎじゅつしゃ\" here ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T09:20:01.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44472",
"last_activity_date": "2017-11-25T13:50:07.017",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T09:30:17.357",
"last_editor_user_id": "17788",
"owner_user_id": "17788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "what's the meaning of ぎじゅつしゃ?",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "ぎじゅつしゃ is in kanji 技術者, which means 'engineers' in general.\n\nIn this case most sufficient translation would be technical service or\nelectricians.\n\nAnd the original sentence would be\n\n> スイッチのぎじゅつしゃを呼んでください。\n\nCall the electricians for the switch, please.\n\nThen, the sentence makes a little sense. Anyway get back and check with the\nsource.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T10:06:48.520",
"id": "44473",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T10:06:48.520",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19858",
"parent_id": "44472",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44472 | null | 44473 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44477",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently encountered a situation when のwas used and want to know if either\nof the terms can be used interchangeably. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T13:02:05.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44475",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T14:54:30.733",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T14:06:15.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "16104",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Can のreplace ですか when asking a question?",
"view_count": 1710
} | [
{
"body": "Not exactly replace.\n\nの particle can be used for questions or answers, it means that you're either\nseeking explanation or explaining something.\n\nThe only grammar rule here is that if it is preceded by a NA-Adjective or a\nNoun you need to add な before the の.\n\nFor instance:\n\n> どこ行くの？(doko iku no?) - Where are you going?(seeking explanation) - Informal.\n>\n> どこに行くのですか？(doko ni iku no desu ka?) - Where are you going (seeking\n> explanation) Formal.\n>\n> どこ行くのか？(doko iku no ka?) - Where are you going (seeking explanation)\n> informal but the か gives more emphasis to your question.\n\nI often see people saying that ending answers and questions with の may sound a\nbit feminine, so in order to avoid it you should end your sentence with\nだ、です、ですか, depending if it's an answer or question.\n\nAlso you could abbreviate の to ん.\n\n> どんな車好きなんだ？(don'na kuruma suki nanda?) - What kind of car do you like?\n> (seeking explanation) Informal.\n>\n> 速い車好きなんだよ！(hayai kuruma suiki nanda yo!) - I like fast cars! (Explaining)\n> informal.\n>\n> 何をしてるんですか？(nani wo shiterun desuka?) - What re you doing?(seeking\n> explanation) somewhat formal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T13:26:59.513",
"id": "44477",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T14:54:30.733",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"parent_id": "44475",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44475 | 44477 | 44477 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44479",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was chatting on the internet and the term was used in response to a question\nthat I had but the person was unable to explain the term to me. I am thinking\nthat it may be an abbreviated form of ふうんいき。Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T13:16:01.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44476",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T16:44:52.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What does the term ふうん mean?",
"view_count": 1057
} | [
{
"body": "No, it is not. We don't reduce 雰囲気 to ふうん.\n\nふうん is a sort of filler meaning 'I see/ uh-huh/hmmm/really?/for real?/I don't\ncare/how dare you/etc.\n\nWhen it's actually spoken, the meaning of a ふうん or ふーん can vary very widely\ndepending on the tones and context. On the other hand, written ふうん/ふーん on the\ninternet generally means 'ic.'( I see.) unless it's not in a quotation.\n\nI'm not enough adept at scripting an answer to show the subtle tones and\nnuances, let me look up for a video that explains well about variations of\nふーん/ふうん。\n\nI found a video that epitomises ふーん for meaning 'how dare you say such a\nthing!'. It's hilarious actually that I want to share with you.\n\n<https://youtu.be/_9CUijejOT4>\n\nThe male MC Mr. Shimoda reads a letter from a listener dubbed himself\n'Koharungo2'.\n\nThe letter begins with 'Hello Mr. Shimoda and Ms. Tadokoro. I know this is\nsudden but I love boobs.' Then Tadokoro who's known for her huge tits response\nwith a consummate ふーん。 This is it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T15:31:17.787",
"id": "44479",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T16:44:52.117",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T16:44:52.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "19858",
"owner_user_id": "19858",
"parent_id": "44476",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 44476 | 44479 | 44479 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44483",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am participating in online chats to improve my Japanese, and occasionally\nreceive chat words or expressions that I do not understand. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T16:36:43.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44480",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T16:43:01.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What does ぶわははは mean?",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "It represents (somewhat of) a deep, bellowed laughter. `Bwahahaha`",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T16:43:01.437",
"id": "44483",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T16:43:01.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "44480",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44480 | 44483 | 44483 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44512",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I noticed a license plate with hiragana characters written on it instead of\nKanji. I had assumed that all prefecture names would be written in Kanji.\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T17:48:18.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44485",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T22:41:46.303",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T12:16:53.610",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Why are some prefecture names written in hiragana on license plates?",
"view_count": 824
} | [
{
"body": "License plates in Japan are issued by a few designated cities in each\nprefecture, and not the prefecture itself. So the name written on the license\nplate is the name of the city. In a few cases (Naniwa, Tsukuba, Tochigi, and\nSaitama are the ones I know about) the city's name is officially written in\nhiragana. Because the city's name is hiragana, it is on the license plate as\nhiragana. Why a city's name is hiragana changes from city to city and would\nprobably be better as a different question.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T18:40:03.550",
"id": "44488",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T18:40:03.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3800",
"parent_id": "44485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "No prefecture names are written in Hiragana officially. As you note they are\nall written in Kanji.\n\nLicense plates are not from the prefecture but designated cities (some of\nwhich ARE written in hiragana (usually due a dispute about what the name a\nnewly formed city after a merger, e.g. さいたま市))\n\nFor scooter liscence plates, any city/ward/village/town can issue them so the\ncity/ward/village/town name appears. If that happens to be Hiragana then\nhiragana is displayed on the plate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T12:08:48.607",
"id": "44512",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T22:41:46.303",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T22:41:46.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "1805",
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44485",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44485 | 44512 | 44512 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44490",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know what the term means, just curious about the katakana spelling.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T17:57:26.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44486",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-11T21:41:36.630",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-11T21:41:36.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"katakana"
],
"title": "Why is the term オナニー written in katakana?",
"view_count": 4605
} | [
{
"body": "It's derived from the Biblical story of\n[Onan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onan), which would mean its origin is\nforeign.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T18:05:58.037",
"id": "44487",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T18:05:58.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "44486",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "More specifically, [オナニー is from German\n_Onanie_](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8A%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC).\nInterestingly, German apparently borrowed the term from older English _onania_\n([per Duden's etymology\nhere](http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Onanie#block-duden-tiles-4)), which\nin turn was a derivation of [the name _Onan_ from the Biblical\nstory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onan) mentioned by user Nothing at all.\nAs a relatively recent non-native borrowed term, オナニー is thus written in\nkatakana.\n\n(Incidentally, Japanese learners quickly figure out the use of _o-_ as an\nhonorific prefix. Do not use this prefix when asking someone in Japanese,\n_\"what shall we do?\"_ )",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T19:20:39.313",
"id": "44490",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T19:20:39.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "44486",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 42
}
]
| 44486 | 44490 | 44490 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44491",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was trying to learn the joyo kanji, which if I understand correctly is a\nlist of kanji listed in a guide by the Japanese ministry of education or\nsomething like that. By recommendation, I'm taking a look at the \"learning the\nkanji\" book, which helps memorize kanji and meanings, but it gives no info\nabout their pronunciation (or at least it doesn't from what I've read). The\nbook lists the kanji in this picture (which is a simple kanji if you consider\nthe number of strokes) , it is one of the kanji for a widely used word \"I\" ,\nbut I can't find it in the joyo kanji list. Is this some sort of \"unofficial\"\nkanji or something like that, or I do I have an incomplete list of joyo kanji?\n(or am I plain dumb and I can't find it?)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BDp1i.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T19:17:00.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44489",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T03:21:01.847",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T03:21:01.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "Is 吾 a joyo kanji?",
"view_count": 634
} | [
{
"body": "[No.](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%90%BE%20%23kanji) It's a [Jinmeiyou\nkanji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji) (which means it's\nused in names but isn't a Joyo kanji).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T19:21:44.490",
"id": "44491",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T19:21:44.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "44489",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 44489 | 44491 | 44491 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44494",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a jōyō kanji list I read, there are 2 kanji for village. One of them 里 is\njust mentioned in the jōyō kanji list to mean \"village\", it is mentioned in\nanother book to mean a measure of distances that is about 4 km or 2.5 miles.\nDoes it have 2 meanings? Is one of the meanings obsolete or wrong?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T21:04:36.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44493",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T22:41:28.387",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T21:20:29.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "Does this kanji for \"village\" have 2 different meanings?",
"view_count": 232
} | [
{
"body": "It does have the two meanings you mentioned: a unit of distance 里{り} (which is\nmore or less 4km), and the meaning village 里{さと}.\n\nNote that 里{り} is a counter. 一里｛いちり｝・二里｛にり｝・三里｛さんり｝… (be precise because 一里 is\nnot read as ひとり).\n\nHowever, the unit of distance is obsolete, and the meaning for village is not\nused anymore productively. You will still find it in place names and in some\nwords like 古里{ふるさと}, but nothing more.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T21:21:54.473",
"id": "44494",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T22:41:28.387",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-16T22:41:28.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "44493",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44493 | 44494 | 44494 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44496",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "That may be off topic, but what is this two-row book layout called in\nJapanese? And to what extent is this format common?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1cZrl.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T22:47:45.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44495",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T00:39:51.107",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T00:39:51.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is this kind of book layout called?",
"view_count": 731
} | [
{
"body": "This layout technique is called 段組み【だんぐみ】, or specifically 2段組み (two-column\nlayout). 段落 (paragraph) is a different concept.\n\n * [What is a newspaper 段, exactly?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23054/5010)\n\nNewspapers and magazines almost always use multiple-column layout. It's not\nvery common in novels, but we sometimes see this layout especially when it's a\nlong, hard-covered one with a lot of short lines.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-16T23:24:33.193",
"id": "44496",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-16T23:24:33.193",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44495",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44495 | 44496 | 44496 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44499",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have seen some cases where して is placed before a する verb:\n\n> 1) みんなしてお出かけですか？\n>\n> 2) みんなして大好評だな\n\nIs this regular practice? Is this grammatically correct? Can this be done with\nother conjugations of する?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T01:04:59.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44497",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-23T05:15:20.280",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-23T05:14:14.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "19772",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "How to understand みんなしてお出かけですか?",
"view_count": 767
} | [
{
"body": "して is the verb する which have been conjugated in its て form to connect the 2\nparts of the sentences. The fact that the second sentence part of your\nsentence starts with a する verb or not is pretty much irrelevant.\n\nこう **する**\n\n> Do like that.\n\nこう **して** 安全だ\n\n> Do it like that, it's safer.\n\nOther way you can conjugate する in such a way.\n\n> こう **したら** 、安全だ \n> If you do it like that, it's safe.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T01:26:38.930",
"id": "44498",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T02:55:12.827",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T02:55:12.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "18142",
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "44497",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "What you're seeing is not お出かけする written in a strange order, but a fixed\nadverbial phrase **みんなして** (\"get together and (do ～)\", \"with many others\",\n一緒になって, 集まって). 大好評 is not a suru-verb in the first place. みんなして doesn't have\nto be followed by another suru-verb. For example みんなして同じ事を言う means everyone\nsays the same thing almost at the same time (=口を揃えて言う).\n\nYou cannot use みんな as a regular suru-verb. みんなして [is a fixed expression\nderived from archaic\nJapanese](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42718/5010), and it always\nappears exactly in this form. In archaic Japanese, して was used like a\nstandalone particle similar to で in modern Japanese. See\n[this](http://www.hello-school.net/haroajapa010011.htm) and\n[this](http://people.ucalgary.ca/~xyang/kobun/6-2-11.htm). 三人して meant 三人で,\n血して書く meant 血で書く/血を使って書く. You may still see this type of して in literary\nsentences. みんなして doesn't sound particularly archaic to me.\n\n二人して is also used in modern casual conversations (e.g., ねえ、二人して何やってるの？).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T03:34:09.190",
"id": "44499",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-23T05:15:20.280",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-23T05:15:20.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44497",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
]
| 44497 | 44499 | 44499 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it \"ima ha hiruyasumi Kara totemo shizuka desu.\" Or is something off? I\nhave to do a video project in Japanese for Japanese class.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T04:16:41.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44500",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T04:54:55.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20302",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How can I say \"Right now it is lunch time so it's very quiet\"?",
"view_count": 218
} | [
{
"body": "kara→dakara\n\n\"ima ha hiruyasumi dakara totemo shizuka desu.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T04:54:55.420",
"id": "44501",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T04:54:55.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20303",
"parent_id": "44500",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44500 | null | 44501 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw ただいま at the beginning of two expressions and I couldn't understand its\nmeaning in the context.\n\n> A : すみません。かいがいじぎょうかのぱくさん、おねがいしたいんですが。\n>\n> 受付：おやくそくですか。\n>\n> A : はい。\n>\n> 受付：ただいまおよびします。しょうしょうおまちください。 \n> もうしわけございません。ぱくはただいま電話中ですので、こちらでおまちください。\n\nWhat do ただいまおよびします and ただいま電話中 mean? \nAnd is there a rule about ただいま in grammar?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T08:31:55.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44502",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-27T08:03:05.347",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ただいま～ at the beginning",
"view_count": 620
} | [
{
"body": "I shall explain each word as I am not sure of your level, or how much of the\nsentence you understand.\n\n> ただいまおよびします and ただいま電話中\n\nおよびします is a humble way to say よびます (polite) / よぶ (plain), to call (someone).\nIf you are unfamiliar with humble conjugations and keigo and you would like to\nlearn more, please visit [this\nsite](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/honorific) (hard!).\n\n電話中 means currently on a call (電話{でんわ} phone; phone call + 中{ちゅう} currently).\n\nただいま, other than a greeting meaning \"I'm home!\", can also mean \"right now\".\n(See comment by Shoko below)\n\nPutting it all together:\n\n> ただいまおよびします\n>\n> _I will call ぱく right now._ (Edited)\n>\n> ただいま電話中\n>\n> _ぱく is currently on a call._\n\n* * *\n\n> and is there a rule about ただいま in grammar ?\n\nIn these cases, ただいま is used in the sense of \"right now\", as an adverb.\nAdverbs often can be placed in many places in a sentence, but it is usually\nimmediately to the left of **the word it is describing** (currently\n**calling** = ただいまおよびします; currently **on a call** ただいま **電話中** )",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T09:01:32.940",
"id": "44504",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T01:43:06.460",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"parent_id": "44502",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> ただいま【只今】 \n> 〘副詞〙 \n> ❶〘名詞〙まさに今。今現在。「ただいま準備中」 \n> ❷〘名詞〙つい今しがた。「ただいまお帰りになりました」 \n> ❸すぐに。もうすぐ。「はい。ただいま参ります」\n\nただいま can mean:\n\n> 1. \"right now\" \"now at this moment\" \"currently\". Often used with\n> 「Verb+ています」「XX[中]{ちゅう}」「XX[中]{ちゅう}です」\n> 2. \"a moment ago\" \"just now\". Often used with 「Verb+ました」「Verb+たところです」\n> 3. \"right away\" \"at once\" \"immediately\". Often used with 「Verb+ます」\n>\n\nただいま in ただいまお呼びします means 3. \"right away\" \"at once\" \"immediately\", and ただいま in\nただいま電話中です means 1. \"right now\" \"now at this moment\" \"currently\".\n\n> ただいまお呼びします。I will call him _immediately_. \n> ただいま電話中です。 He is on another line _at the moment_.\n\n* * *\n\nAs a side not, ただいま used in these meanings is pronounced [ただいま]{LHLL}. \nただいま as a greeting is pronounced [ただいま]{LHHH}. \n(Though it might depend on the region; in Kansai I often hear it pronounced as\n[ただいま]{LHLH}.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T11:47:16.100",
"id": "44567",
"last_activity_date": "2018-01-27T08:03:05.347",
"last_edit_date": "2018-01-27T08:03:05.347",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "44502",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44502 | null | 44504 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44505",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This picture was sent to a friend by a woman he was talking to\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YUcfJ.jpg)\n\nWe think we get what the literal meaning is but have no idea about the nuance\nof what it actually means.\n\nFor example, it could mean exactly what it we think it says. Effectively\nsomething like\n\n> I don't need anything but you. I only want you. You even have money.\n\nBut it could also have a cultural background or something such as it could be\na put down as in.\n\n> You're actually not my type but you've got money so I'll pretend.\n\nIt could also be a famous line or a famous character for all I know\n\nI asked a Japanese female friend, all she told me was \"haha\", that's funny,\nand, \"I'd never send a message like that to someone I actually liked\"\n\nDoes anyone know what this is really means?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T08:33:38.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44503",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T10:19:42.510",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T08:50:20.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "17423",
"owner_user_id": "17423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"jokes"
],
"title": "What does \"僕はもう君以外何もいらない君だけが欲しいんだ。金はもうあるし” mean?",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation of the third line is wrong.\n\n> 僕はもう君以外何もいらない。 \n> I don't need anything but you.\n>\n> 君だけが欲しいんだ。 \n> I only want you.\n>\n> 金はもうあるし。 \n> (Because) I've already gotten (enough) money. / There is already money.\n\nWell, that's all what these lines say. No puns, no wordplay.\n\nTo interpret this as a joke, yes you need to understand the cultural\nbackground. This art style is typical 地獄のミサワ's style, and he is famous for\nthis kind of satirical pictures of overly-confident, snobbish people who love\nsarcasm and showing off their ability (often referred to as\n[意識高い系](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/40934/5010)). [Some of his works\nare found here](http://jigokuno.com/). Well, they are surrealistic, and I\nadmit I have difficulty understanding all of them. But I can feel many of them\nare really ウザい (\"annoying\"). You can safely assume whatever drawn in this\nstyle is a joke.\n\nSo 金はもうあるし is the funny (or, \"annoying\") part of this picture: the guy who\nseemed earnest at first suddenly started to (indirectly) boast about how rich\nhe is, and he doesn't even know that's a bad way to attract a girl in a\nromantic situation. This line also ends up implying \"you\" are not as important\nas money.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T09:08:18.840",
"id": "44505",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T10:19:42.510",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44503",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44503 | 44505 | 44505 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44510",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to describe that I have a professional occupation. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T11:53:05.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44509",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T13:45:15.807",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T13:45:15.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Can the term せんもん be used to describe a professional person?",
"view_count": 70
} | [
{
"body": "専門{せんもん} is a speciality and a 専門家{せんもんか} is a specialist",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T12:00:58.270",
"id": "44510",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T12:00:58.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44509",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44509 | 44510 | 44510 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44514",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have heard the word spoken on occasion, but I am not sure if it can be used\nin both situations. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T12:10:30.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44513",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:43:59.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Can 大変mean amazing and awful?",
"view_count": 191
} | [
{
"body": "It can mean both awful and very very\n\nこれは大変だ。(This is terrible)\n\n大変[助]{たす}かりました。(You helped me very much!)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T12:13:16.707",
"id": "44514",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:43:59.837",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T04:43:59.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Adding to paullb's answer, if you don't use 大変 as an adverb or adjective\nmodifying another word, it usually means awful or terrible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T17:23:20.883",
"id": "44530",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T17:23:20.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20224",
"parent_id": "44513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44513 | 44514 | 44530 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44517",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There are certain establishments that are exclusively Japanese only. Thank\nyou.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T12:33:43.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44515",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T14:03:09.050",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T14:03:09.050",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "What is the term for off limits to foreigners?",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "The very few times I've seen it it's been one of the following:\n\n外国人の入店お断り Foreigners entry into store is refused\n\n外国人お断り Foreigners refused\n\nBoth are written in a formal way. Longer more formal versions also exist, but\nwith the same basic format, such as:\n\n外国人の方の入場をお断り致します Foreigners refused entry into this establishment",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T13:08:09.737",
"id": "44517",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T13:08:09.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "44515",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44515 | 44517 | 44517 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44521",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I cannot find the term to accurately the term for \"sleepers\". Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T13:35:25.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44519",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T13:51:25.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the term for sleepers (the crusty discharge that forms in the eyes during sleep)?",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "The proper word for it is\n\n目脂｛めやに｝\n\nbut more common words are: 目糞｛めくそ｝ and 目垢｛めあか｝",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T13:51:25.030",
"id": "44521",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T13:51:25.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "44519",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44519 | 44521 | 44521 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44557",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to determine if the term is gender specific. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T14:03:29.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44522",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T06:19:17.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Is \"otaku\" a male term?",
"view_count": 295
} | [
{
"body": "No, it's not. There are many female otaku, too. Among those who understand the\nmodern otaku culture, otaku is a fairly gender-neutral term. For example,\nabout 35% of attendees of [Comiket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comiket) are\nfemale.\n\nThat said, otaku is a slang word [with a relatively long and complicated\nhistory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otaku#Etymology), and it used to have a\nvery derogatory and narrow meaning. I imagine there are still many people who\nbelieve otaku-like hobby is only for males.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T06:19:17.543",
"id": "44557",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T06:19:17.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44522",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44522 | 44557 | 44557 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44535",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In English, there are many verbs that can behave both transitively and\nintransitively without appreciably changing the meaning of the verb. Just off\nthe top of my head\n\n> I ate a sandwich. (vt) -- I ate at noon. (vi)\n>\n> I'll write a book (vt) -- I'll write in a book. (vi)\n\nThere are also verbs that can only behave transitively (requiring a direct\nobject to make sense) or intransitively (do not make sense _with_ a direct\nobject):\n\n> I am sitting. (vi only)\n>\n> I opened the door. (vt only)\n\nMy questions are:\n\n 1. Is it possible for a single verb in Japanese to have both transitive and intransitive uses?\n\n 2. If a verb is marked transitive in a dictionary, is that a guarantee that the verb has a specific object (that would be marked with を, か, or と) somewhere within the context of the conversation (it may be unstated).\n\nThis question was brought on by an answer I received to [Transitive verbs\nwhere the direct object is a\nclause](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/42331/transitive-verbs-\nwhere-the-direct-object-is-a-clause). In the answer, it was implied that my\nsentence fragment 本に書いた was unnatural (or not grammatical) and suggested that\nI used 本に落書きした instead. It occurred to me that this might be due to 書く a\ntransitive verb, being used without a clear direct object.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T14:32:28.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44523",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:02:30.067",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Can verbs be both transitive and intransitive?",
"view_count": 2420
} | [
{
"body": "In Japanese verbs are usually not ambitransitive. There are uses where the\ndirect object is omitted leading to a construct where a transitive verb\nappears as intransitive.\n\nAn example is:\n\n> 今夜飲みに行きます。 \n> Tonight I'm going out drinking\n\nWhere the part お酒を is implied, such that the verb \"drink\" is can only refer to\nthe act of consuming alcohol unless otherwise stated. Instead many verbs have\ntransitive/intransitive pairs, where the ending is changed to reflect the\ndifferent usage, such as:\n\n開く 開ける \n乗る 乗せる \n決まる 決める \n... etc\n\nThere are some pure ambitransitive verbs though as pointed out below, even\nthough they are less common, such as 回る、吹く、持つ...\n\nSee （５）自他同形の動詞について in this link:\n<http://w01.i-next.ne.jp/~g140179870/jita.html>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T15:51:31.150",
"id": "44526",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:02:30.067",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T04:02:30.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "44523",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The question of transitivity can get tricky, especially when discussing and\nusing languages as different as English and Japanese.\n\nFirst, some background.\n\n## Kinds of transitivity\n\n### Syntactic\n\nMost English grammars appear to discuss \"transitivity\" in terms of the\n**syntax** or wording of a sentence. A verb is deemed to be \"transitive\" if it\nis followed by a direct object.\n\n * _I eat an apple._ → Transitive, as the verb \"eat\" is followed by the direct object \"an apple\".\n * _I eat._ → Intransitive, as there is no direct object explicitly included in this sentence.\n\n### Semantic\n\nMost Japanese grammars appear to discuss this concept differently, where the\ntransitivity of a verb is considered in terms of the **semantics** or meaning\nof the word. The Japanese terms for the verb types are 他動詞 (literally \"other-\nmoving / other-acting word\") and 自動詞 (literally \"self-moving / self-acting\nword\"). A verb is deemed to be a 他動詞 if the action of the verb involves the\nactor (the \"subject\" of the verb, in English grammar terms) performing some\naction that affects another noun (the \"object\" of the verb). Importantly, this\napplies _regardless of whether that object is explicitly included in the\nsentence_.\n\n * 私はリンゴを食べる。 → Transitive in **syntactic** terms, as the verb is preceded by the direct object リンゴを. Also transitive in **semantic** terms, as the semantics (meaning) of the verb 食べる requires the existence of an object: one cannot \"eat\" without eating _something_.\n * 私は食べる。 → Intransitive in **syntactic** terms, as there is no direct object explicitly included in this sentence. However, this is still transitive in **semantic** terms: the verb 食べる is a 他動詞, even when the object is left unstated.\n\n## Your questions\n\nNow that we've established a framework for discussion, let's look again at\nyour questions.\n\n 1. _Is it possible for a single verb in Japanese to have both transitive and intransitive uses?_\n\nIn terms of syntax, Japanese is famous for the degree to which various\nportions of a sentence can be omitted. As such, pretty much **any** 他動詞 verb\nin Japanese can be used syntactically transitively and syntactically\nintransitively. Some 自動詞 verbs in Japanese can also be used both syntactically\ntransitively and syntactically intransitively (more on that below).\n\nIn terms of semantics, single verbs that have both transitive and intransitive\nsenses were much more common in Old Japanese; over time, different conjugated\nforms became more widespread to express one or the other. Take 付く, for\ninstance. This was both a 自動詞 and a 他動詞 in older Japanese, but now, the root\nform 付く is 自動詞. The 他動詞 senses historically used the 下二段活用 (lower bigrade\nconjugation) pattern that became the _-eru_ ending in 付ける. Another example is\n広ぐ. The root form is no longer used, while the 自動詞 senses are expressed by\n広がる, and the 他動詞 senses by 広げる.\n\nThere are still a few verbs in modern Japanese that can be used as either 自動詞\nor 他動詞. Most of the ones I'm aware of are Sino-Japanese (kanji terms read with\n_on'yomi_ and followed by する), such as 完成する.\n\n 2. _If a verb is marked transitive in a dictionary, is that a guarantee that the verb has a specific object (that would be marked with を, か, or と) somewhere within the context of the conversation (it may be unstated)?_\n\nI assume that you're describing Japanese-to-English dictionaries. I believe\nthese all base their \"intransitive / transitive\" descriptions on the 自動詞・他動詞\ndistinctions in Japanese. If my understanding is correct, then yes, a\n\"transitive verb\" in this case would have an object, either explicitly\nincluded in the sentence or left unstated and implied (as in the \"eat / 食べる\"\nexample above).\n\n### \"Direct objects\" in Japanese\n\nNote that the presence of a direct object in Japanese (a noun marked with を)\ndoes _not_ necessarily indicate that the verb is a 他動詞. Consider the sentence,\n私は道を歩く。 This is literally _\"I walk the road.\"_ Syntactically, this could be\nconsidered a transitive use of the verb 歩く _\"walk\"_. However, semantically,\nthe action of 歩く-ing does not affect the road in any way -- it affects the\nactor, 私, instead: so 歩く is still a 自動詞, even though this sentence includes a\ndirect object.\n\nThis is similar to how 向く works, as described [in snailplane's answer to your\nother question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24090/is-the-\nverb-%E5%90%91%E3%81%8F-transitive-or-intransitive#answer-24091).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T18:34:19.993",
"id": "44535",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T20:06:41.167",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "44523",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 44523 | 44535 | 44535 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've seen a lot of people saying that First Learners should be careful when\ngreeting a Japanese. I have to be careful how to address Japanese people with\n'-Chan', '-Kun', '-San' and '-Sama' and also how to refer them. I noticed that\nit would be hard for me to greet a Japanese properly in our first meeting\nsince I don't know her/his name.\n\nOut of curiosity, is it informal to greet Japanese strangers with 'Ohayo',\n'Konnichiwa', or 'Konbanwa' only when I go around and see one?\n\nIf this question seems inappropriate or stupid, I apologize for my curiosity.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T15:37:29.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44524",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:22:50.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20312",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Is it okay to say 'ohayo gozaimasu' in first meeting with a Japanese stranger?",
"view_count": 15688
} | [
{
"body": "Basically, _konnichiwa_ is a global address to anyone already known to you.\n_Hajimemashite_ is a very formal 'Nice to meet you'. _Ohayou gozaimasu_ is a\nslightly more formal 'good morning' but 'ohayou' can be used with friends.\n\nSan means 'mrs/mr' and is used after someone's name if you respect them. If\nthey are highly honoured, like a priest or celebrity, you can say 'hime'. Chan\nand kun are for people who you look down on in a friendly way (small kids, or\na cute way for girls to call their boyfriends). If they're your friends, just\nsay their name.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T18:16:52.320",
"id": "44534",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:20:17.253",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T04:20:17.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "44524",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "If you are _meeting_ someone for the first time, you should use\n_hajimemashite_. By \"meeting\" I mean you are going to introduce yourself and\ntalk to them for a while.\n\nIf you are simply _greeting_ someone as you pass by, you can use\n\n * _ohayō gozaimasu_ \"good morning\",\n * _konnichiwa_ \"good day/afternoon\", or\n * _konbanwa_ \"good evening\"\n\ndepending on the time of day. However, if you don't know them and have never\ntalked to them before, you usually only say this if they belong to your social\nsphere (e.g. a coworker, a neighbour, someone you pass every morning on your\nway to work, etc.).\n\nNote that in the countryside, probably everyone belongs to your social sphere\n(your host's cousin's neighbour's friend) so you greet away.\n\nHowever, if they are complete strangers I would say it is uncommon to greet\npeople verbally. A small nod approximating a small _ojigi_ is much less\nintrusive.\n\nThen again, if you are a foreigner, you can probably ignore all of the above\nand greet people anyway. Most will take this the friendly way, but there is\nsome chance you make them feel uncomfortable.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T19:20:37.707",
"id": "44538",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:22:50.480",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T04:22:50.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "44524",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44524 | null | 44538 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44727",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It was a typed response to me after I greeted the person in an email. I am\nwondering if it is a slang term or if it has a different meaning. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T15:46:05.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44525",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T16:36:59.963",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T14:38:47.560",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Can こんちゃbe used as a slang form of こんにちわ?",
"view_count": 653
} | [
{
"body": "こんちゃ is slang that have more friendly meaning. Almost there is no difference\nin the point of meaning. But you don't have to use it at first time, or for\npeople on higher position.\n\nIn my opinion, I don't like this expression and I don't use it. Because it\ncontains also foolish sense.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-21T16:36:59.963",
"id": "44727",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T16:36:59.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20370",
"parent_id": "44525",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44525 | 44727 | 44727 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44528",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I particularly notice the creativity with dump trucks and small pickups,\ncustomized interiors too. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T16:11:26.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44527",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T21:53:34.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Some trucks are highly customized with flashy metal, horns, and lights, what are they called?",
"view_count": 77
} | [
{
"body": "They are called\n[デコトラ](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?ei=UTF-8&p=%E3%83%87%E3%82%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9),\nwhich stands for デコレーション・トラック.\n\nOh, there's even [an article on English\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekotora).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T17:01:08.143",
"id": "44528",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T21:53:34.283",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T21:53:34.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44527",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44527 | 44528 | 44528 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44564",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "交差点を渡る **途中で/時に** ふと何かに当てられた\n\nIn this sentence, I wonder which one is correct or better than the other? I\nalso have trouble to understand what exactly 途中で is used for, since in almost\nany case I feel like I could use 時 as well.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T17:20:04.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44529",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T10:54:48.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "途中で or 時に? And what's the difference?",
"view_count": 533
} | [
{
"body": "時に is generic \"when\", whereas 途中で is \"in the middle\". They are often\ninterchangeable but the latter would sound more emphatic. Compare 寝ている時に \"when\nI was sleeping\" vs 寝ている途中で \"in the middle of sleeping\".\n\nThey are not always interchangeable. Use \"when\" if you don't have to say \"in\nthe middle\".\n\n> * 私は勉強する時に眼鏡をかけます。 I wear glasses when I study.\n> * [?] 私は勉強する途中で眼鏡をかけます。 [?] I wear glasses in the middle of studying.\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T10:16:09.013",
"id": "44564",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T10:54:48.457",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T10:54:48.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44529",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44529 | 44564 | 44564 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44555",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Japanese society highly values the group over the individual. I am unable to\nfind a name for this practice. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T17:55:50.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44532",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:40:40.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the practice of conforming to group standards in society called?",
"view_count": 66
} | [
{
"body": "個人より集団を重んじる \n集団主義 (as opposed to 個人主義) \n協調性 \n調和の精神 \n和の精神 \n和を以て貴しとなす\n\n... maybe?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T04:40:40.850",
"id": "44555",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:40:40.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "44532",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44532 | 44555 | 44555 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44537",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering how to say _I think so_ in Japanese, do you have to say\n'watashi wa kore ga omoimasu' or a different thing?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T18:07:35.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44533",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:25:19.123",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T19:11:44.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "16104",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "How to say 'I think so\"?",
"view_count": 8605
} | [
{
"body": "> そう思うよ/そう思いますよ。 (sou omou yo / sou omoimasu yo.) - closer to \"I think so.\".\n>\n> そうだね/そうですね。（sou da ne / sou desu ne.) - That's right.\n>\n> そうなんだ。（sou nanda.) - That's right. (but with more emphasis).\n\nIn the conversation context it is explicit that you're the one saying so\nthere's no need to use 私は、僕は、俺は at the beginning.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T18:58:50.313",
"id": "44537",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T04:25:19.123",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"parent_id": "44533",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 44533 | 44537 | 44537 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44541",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I am hoping that there may be some particular kanji and/or sounds used in\ndetermining if a persons given name is male or female.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T18:55:03.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44536",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-04T15:54:56.780",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-04T15:54:56.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 29,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"names"
],
"title": "How can I tell if a Japanese person's given name is male or female?",
"view_count": 17585
} | [
{
"body": "There are a number of common suffixes you can use to try to guess. Here is an\nincomplete list of common suffixes which are a pretty safe bet:\n\n### Female\n\n * _ko_ 子\n * _mi_ 美\n * _ka_ 花・華\n * _e_ 江・恵\n * _na_ 奈・菜\n * _no_ 乃\n * _ri_ 里\n\n### Male\n\n * _rō_ 郎\n * _ta_ 太\n * _suke_ 介・助・祐\n * _o_ 男・夫・雄・生\n * _ya_ 哉・也\n * _kichi_ 吉\n * _hiko_ 彦\n * _nobu_ 信\n\nAlso, \"girly\" _kanji_ —like 愛 \"love\", 幸 \"happiness\", 華 \"flower\", 美 \"beauty\"\netc.—or _hiragana_ will usually indicate a girl's name.\n\nSimilarly, \"boyish\" _kanji_ —like 正 \"righteous\", 健 \"health/strength\", 勝 \"win\",\n信 \"honesty\", etc., will usually indicate a boy's name.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T20:12:33.953",
"id": "44541",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T09:17:24.310",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T09:17:24.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "44536",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 46
},
{
"body": "There are many examples where it can be absolutely impossible.\n\nHere are two examples:\n\n雅 - Masa (male name) or Miyabi (female name)\n\n幸 - Kou (male name) or Miyuki (female name)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T22:39:42.403",
"id": "44550",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T22:39:42.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44536",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Outside of the name indicating itself whether it's male or female, I find the\neasiest way to work it out is doing a Google Image search for that name.\n\nHowever, I'd advise caution about doing this at work. I have a recollection\nthat sometimes the top results for female names involve women who aren't\nnaked, but aren't wearing much more than their underwear. For an example, try\ndoing \"Hitomi\" in romaji, even with safe search on.\n\nSome online dictionaries indicate whether a name is male or female, such as\njisho.org, though you have to tell it you're specifically after names.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T05:39:56.010",
"id": "44556",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T05:39:56.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"parent_id": "44536",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "There is a webservice for determine the gender of a name.\n\n<https://genderize.io/>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T14:00:21.343",
"id": "44574",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T14:00:21.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20327",
"parent_id": "44536",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44536 | 44541 | 44541 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across the following dialogue in a piece of fiction I was reading\ntoday;\n\n> あの子さ、あたしら相手だとついお母さん役しちゃって、全然甘えないじゃん？\n\nI'm not sure if I completely understand what the speaker is saying here, I was\nwondering if the above contains some sort of idiom?\n\nIs it perhaps similar to this;\n\n> 相手の好意に遠慮なくよりかかる To accept someone's favour without reserve and depend on it\n\nThanks in advance",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T19:39:16.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44539",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T06:34:07.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20315",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Is 相手……全然甘えない… idiomatic?",
"view_count": 92
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, 甘える here means exactly that; to let others help her, instead of doing\neverything by herself. あの子 behaves as if she were a mother, but the speaker\nwants an equal relationship where everyone takes it easy and casually helps\none another.\n\nSee: [Meaning of 素直に甘える in the following\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44347/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T06:34:07.013",
"id": "44558",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T06:34:07.013",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44539",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44539 | null | 44558 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44549",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am aware of the meaning of this word, but want to know the reason it is\npredominantly written in katakana. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T19:57:42.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44540",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T08:14:46.810",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T03:49:28.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"katakana",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Why is ペラペラ written in katakana?",
"view_count": 328
} | [
{
"body": "Many onomatopoeia are written in Katakana (and many in hiragana as well).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T22:36:51.993",
"id": "44549",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T08:14:46.810",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T08:14:46.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "1805",
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44540",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44540 | 44549 | 44549 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44543",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen the flag flying at administrative buildings used at construction\nsites. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T20:36:57.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44542",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T21:17:08.247",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T21:17:08.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the name of the green cross safety flag used at construction sites?",
"view_count": 265
} | [
{
"body": "It's 安全旗{あんぜんき}. Also you can call it 緑{みどり}十字{じゅうじ}, it is not at all\nunusual.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T20:58:30.360",
"id": "44543",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T21:11:29.960",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T21:11:29.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "20111",
"parent_id": "44542",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44542 | 44543 | 44543 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44546",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm taking a look by recommendation to the \"remembering the kanji\" book. In it\nappears the kanji below. I look for it in a list of joyo kanji and it doesnt\nappear, at least not when I look for it by its meaning. The meaning the book\nsays it has is \"fiesta\". Fiesta is a spanish word, and I dont even understand\nwhat it is doing in an english book unless it means something different in\nanother language or japanese? Anyway, I'd like to know if this is a joyo\nkanji, and if this is the meaning it has \"fiesta\" and if that meaning it's the\nsame meaning than the word \"fiesta\" in spanish\n\nBy the way, I can't type the kanji in my computer, so if anyone can add it to\nthe title it's appreciated. Same thing happened with other couple of topics\nI've opened, and I realize since the topic title isnt descriptive, the topic\nisnt helpful for others\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TfyDM.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T20:59:09.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44544",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T21:12:23.750",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-17T21:12:23.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "Is 戈 a joyo kanji? What does it mean?",
"view_count": 760
} | [
{
"body": "This glyph is both a radical, and an independent character:\n[戈](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%88%88). This has the _on'yomi_ of\n**ka** , and the _kun'yomi_ of **hoko**. The independent character isn't used\nmuch in either Japanese or Chinese. The original meaning was _\"a dagger-axe, a\npolearm similar to a halberd\"_. In modern Chinese, it appears most often in\nnames. In modern Japanese, it's a less-common alternative spelling of 矛{ほこ}.\n\nThis is not included in the 常用漢字 list.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T21:07:34.703",
"id": "44546",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T21:07:34.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "44544",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44544 | 44546 | 44546 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44548",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Its a term used in English to describe an erect penis. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T21:51:29.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44547",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T07:25:47.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"slang"
],
"title": "How do I say \"boner\"?",
"view_count": 8834
} | [
{
"body": "The term is 勃起{ぼっき}. (The noun form at least)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-17T22:33:19.030",
"id": "44548",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-17T22:33:19.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44547",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "To add to paulb's post, the verb form (roughly, \"to get a boner\") is\n勃起{ぼっき}する.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T01:24:42.653",
"id": "44552",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T01:24:42.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "44547",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Sixty-odd years ago I learned the phrase \"pull a boner\" , meaning \"make a\nstupid mistake\", from American movies. This would be ミスをする (from English\n\"mistake\"), 失敗する or 間違える in Japanese. Probably best to try not to confuse the\ntwo senses of \"boner\". By the way, 勃起 is the formal term, corresponding to\n\"erection\"in English. I'm sure there must be a Japanese slang term, but don't\nknow what it is.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T07:25:47.447",
"id": "44561",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T07:25:47.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20069",
"parent_id": "44547",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44547 | 44548 | 44548 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Short for Operational Security.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T01:55:59.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44553",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-17T04:03:10.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20321",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How do you say \"OpSec\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "It would be helpful if there was some more context but I would go for\n運用{うんよう}セキュリティー.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T01:59:18.740",
"id": "44554",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T03:46:57.183",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T03:46:57.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44553",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 44553 | null | 44554 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44560",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the meaning of \"やかおもすぐ\" here in this sentence?\n\n> あったひとのなまいやかおもすぐ覚えることができるんです",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T06:41:37.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44559",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T13:43:56.037",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T13:43:56.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "17788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of やかおもすぐ?",
"view_count": 93
} | [
{
"body": "It's 会った人の名前や顔もすぐ覚えることができるんです (\"[He] can also remember the name and the face\nof people [he] has met.\").\n\n * 名前【なまえ】 \"name\" (なまい should be a typo)\n * や \"and\" (See: [The many ways to say \"and\" in Japanese](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/474/5010))\n * 顔【かお】 \"face\"\n * も \"also\" (this replaces the direct object marker を. See: [Using も in place of を](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14739/5010))\n * [すぐ](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%9B%B4%E3%81%90) \"at once\"\n * 覚える \"memorize, learn\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T07:14:43.623",
"id": "44560",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T07:14:43.623",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44559",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44559 | 44560 | 44560 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44563",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the meaning of \"つくってゆしゅつしてます\" here?\n\n> A：はじめに、ぱくさんのかいしゃのこと、おしえてもらえませんか。\n>\n> B：いいですよ、うちのかいしゃは、いろいろなきかいをつくってゆしゅつしてます。せかいじゅうにししゃがあるんですよ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T07:26:35.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44562",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T22:21:55.807",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "17788",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "the meaning of \"つくってゆしゅつしてます”?",
"view_count": 82
} | [
{
"body": "It is indeed harder without kanji ;)\n\n作って{つくって}輸出{ゆしゅつ}してます means \"producing and exporting\"\n\n * 作る to produce\n * 輸出 to export\n * してます is spoken form of して **い** ます",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T07:53:34.443",
"id": "44563",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T08:53:49.193",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T08:53:49.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "44562",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44562 | 44563 | 44563 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44568",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "会計検査院が調べると、この商品券を同じ人がたくさん買って、１回の買い物で１００万円以上使っていたことがありました。同じ会社の人たちが全部で１８００万円の商品券を買っ\n**て** 、船を買うために使っていた **こともありました** 。\n\n> When the audit office investigated (they found that) it's the same people\n> that buy a lot of these coupons. There was an occasion where 1 million Yen\n> was spent in one shopping trip. People from the same company bought a total\n> of 18 million Yen's worth of coupons, and there was a time they were even\n> used to buy a boat.\n\nI'm a bit puzzled by こともありました at the end of this paragraph. At first I assumed\nthat the company who bought 18 million Yen of coupons were the people who\nbought the boat, because the clause are joined with て. But the こともありました ending\nmakes it sound to me like the boat buying was a separate thing.\n\nIs there some aspect of こともありました that I'm missing or are these two events\nunrelated (even though they are joined with て)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T10:20:17.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44565",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T12:19:46.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Unrelated clauses joined by て or the extra meaning of こともある",
"view_count": 80
} | [
{
"body": "Judging from your translation attempt, it's not こともある but those Japanese\ncommas that are actually throwing you off. Don't try to split the sentence\ninto two there. Instead, parse them like so:\n\n> 会計検査院が調べると、｛この商品券を同じ人がたくさん買って、１回の買い物で１００万円以上使っていたこと｝がありました。 \n> ..., there was { a case where one person bought a lot of coupons and spent\n> over 1 million yen ('s worth of coupons) on a single purchase }.\n>\n> ｛同じ会社の人たちが全部で１８００万円の商品券を買って、船を買うために使っていたこと｝もありました。 \n> There was even { a case where people in one company bought a total of 18\n> million yen's worth of coupons and used them (=1800万円の商品券) to buy a boat }.\n\nSee:\n\n * [という used right before comma: What does this mean, and how is it grammatically possible?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40188/5010)\n * [Usage of commas in Japanese sentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3786/5010)\n * [Commas and relative clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23781/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T12:04:43.277",
"id": "44568",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T12:19:46.513",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44565",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44565 | 44568 | 44568 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44569",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example, if you wanted to say 'my mother's house' would you say 'watashi\nno oka-san no ie'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T11:44:58.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44566",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T12:15:19.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can you use multiple 'no's?",
"view_count": 345
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, you can, and they can be extended indefinitely.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T12:15:19.020",
"id": "44569",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T12:15:19.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20325",
"parent_id": "44566",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44566 | 44569 | 44569 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44573",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that kanji numbers can be read using on and kun readings. Does the same\napply to Roman numerals?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T12:22:51.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44570",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T13:43:03.970",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T13:43:03.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"readings",
"orthography",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Do Roman numerals have on and kun readings?",
"view_count": 861
} | [
{
"body": "It represents numbers 0 零 zero/rei 1 一 itsu 2 二 ni 3 三 san 4 四 yon/shi/yo 5 五\ngo 6 六 roku 7 七 shitsu/nana 8 八 hatsu 9 九 ku/kyuu 10 十 jyuu It represents\nothers a lot of... maybe 40+",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T13:04:06.833",
"id": "44571",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T13:04:06.833",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20326",
"parent_id": "44570",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Roman numerals (ローマ数字 _rōma sūji_ ) represent **numbers**. It's the numbers\nthat have readings, no matter what numeral system you use to represent them.\nRoman numerals are thus read according to the number they represent:\n\n> [I]{いち}, [II]{に}, [III]{さん}, [IV]{し・よん}, [V]{ご}, [VI]{ろく}, [VII]{なな・しち},\n> [VIII]{はち}, [IX]{きゅう}, [X]{じゅう}, ..., [L]{ごじゅう}, ...\n\njust like if you used 漢数字 _kansūji_ (一、二、三、四、…) or アラビア数字 _arabia sūji_ (1, 2,\n3, 4, ...).\n\nTo refer to a Roman numeral, you could say ローマ数字の「じゅうろく」 for XVI.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T13:29:01.380",
"id": "44573",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T13:29:01.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "44570",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44570 | 44573 | 44573 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44579",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The term was used in a chat and I can't find the meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T13:13:18.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44572",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T13:58:26.920",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T13:58:26.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Can the term ちわ be used as slang for こんにちわ？",
"view_count": 300
} | [
{
"body": "ちわ is an abbreviated form of こんにちわ, when written using hiragana。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T16:12:06.507",
"id": "44579",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T16:12:06.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"parent_id": "44572",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "In many Japanese words we can't tell what a word means unless it is written in\nkanji because there are many homonyms. It could be a girl's name, but it could\nalso mean a conversation between a couple. For example, if it is 痴話げんか, it\nmeans \"An argument between a couple\". Hope that helped.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T01:23:10.973",
"id": "44592",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T01:23:10.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20335",
"parent_id": "44572",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 44572 | 44579 | 44579 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Currently going through my textbook and we are learning about どの\n\n例えば: サントスさんはどの人ですか。。あの背が高くて、髪が黒い人です\n\nThis sounded awfully familiar to me. So I went back and remembered we learned\nどれ too.\n\n例えば:ミラーさんの傘はどれですか。。。あの青い傘です\n\nIt says in the grammar book we use どの with a noun. Could this be the\ndifference?\n\nfor example can we say:\n\nサントスさんはどれひとですか\n\nIm not sure why, i am not a japanese speaker or an expert but this just sounds\nreally really weird to me. For some reason サントスさんはどれですか, seems to sound better\nand seems to imply the same thing.\n\nIs there a way I can rewrite ミラーさんの傘はどれですか using どの?\n\nAny insight is appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T14:46:21.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44575",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-06T09:14:27.470",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T15:59:46.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "20040",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kosoado"
],
"title": "どのｖｓどれ- can I use them interchangeably?",
"view_count": 8114
} | [
{
"body": "Both translate to \"which\" in English but are interchangeable in 0% of cases.\n\n**どの**\n\nYour grammar book says どの is used with a noun. That is exactly the difference.\nNotice your first example:\n\n> サントスさんは **どの人** ですか\n\nThe question asks \"which person is Santos?\" as opposed to just \"which is\nSantos?\" Notice the 人 is placed after どの. This is important; you cannot remove\nthe noun after どの:\n\n> × サントスさんは **どの** ですか - Wrong! Do not use!\n\nSo, どの means \"which object?\" and never just \"which?\"\n\n**どれ**\n\nどれ, on the other hand, is used to ask just \"which?\", not \"which object?\" It\nalso stands for the type of noun you're referring to. Looking at your own\nsecond example:\n\n> ミラーさんの傘は **どれ** ですか。\n\nThis phrase translates to \"which is Mira's umbrella?\" Notice there is no noun\nafter どれ. You cannot add one if you wanted to. That means this sentence is\ngrammatically incorrect:\n\n> × サントスさんは **どれひと** ですか\n\nThat isn't correct because どれ can't be used in combination with another noun\nto mean \"which object?\" You can, however, do it this way:\n\n> ○ サントスさんは **どのひと** ですか\n\n(By the way, in general, it is better to use だれ (who) when asking about a\nperson rather than どれ (which), but there are exceptions, like if you're\nlooking at a picture full of people and you're asking which is Santos.)\n\n* * *\n\nIn addition, the differences between どの and どれ as I described can be applied\nto その・それ, あの・あれ, and この・これ.\n\n> それはミラーさんの傘です。- That is Mira's umbrella. その傘はミラーさんの傘です。- That umbrella is\n> Mira's umbrella.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T15:59:33.130",
"id": "44578",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-06T09:14:27.470",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-06T09:14:27.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "44575",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 44575 | null | 44578 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know the basics about the difference in the usage between は and が.\nNevertheless, when it comes to more complex sentences, I encounter\ndifficulties that I want to explain on base of some examples. Maybe, somebody\ncan briefly confirm whether my understanding is correct.\n\n 1. > _Looking at the X-ray image, it is apparent that the package of the component described above cracked._\n>\n> X線写真によると、前述の部品 **は** 、パッケージが亀裂が生じた **ことが** 明らかです。\n\nI think it is clear that \"前述の部品\" is the topic and can or should be marked with\n\"は\".\n\n 2. > _It is no doubt that the package of the component described above cracked._\n>\n> 前述の部品 **の** パッケージが亀裂が生じた **ことは** 疑いようがありません。\n\nAlthough the constructions of both sentences are very similar, \"疑いようがありません\"\nmust be preceded by \"ことは\" and \"前述の部品\" cannot be the topic and hence becomes a\ngenitive.\n\n 3. > _Assuming that the temperature of the device described above excessively increased, the failure picture can be explained._\n>\n> 前述の部品 **が** 過度な温度上昇となっていった **という仮定のもとで** 、不具合品の写真は、真実味が出てきます。\n\nI am sure that \"前述の部品\" cannot be marked with \"は\" but can anybody explain me\nwhy? Can the part of the sentence preceding \"仮定\" be regarded as relative\nclause where \"は\" is not permitted at all?\n\nIs this sentence correct?\n\n> 前述の部品 **は** 過度な温度上昇となっていった **と仮定すると** 、不具合品の写真は、真実味が出てきます。\n\n 4. > _It is reasonable to think that the improvement measure described above guarantees protection for the components._\n>\n> 前述の改選策 **が** 本部品用保護を保証している **と考えることは** 、妥当なように思われます。\n\n\"前述の改選策\" cannot be marked with \"は\" because this could run counter to the\n\"と考えることは\".\n\nI highly appreciate your collaboration. This \"は\" versus \"が\" topic is my main\nconcern.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T14:54:58.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44576",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T05:56:36.883",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-20T02:33:52.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "20328",
"owner_user_id": "20328",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"は-and-が",
"topic"
],
"title": "More complex sentences - When to use は? When to use が?",
"view_count": 436
} | [
{
"body": "1. Yes, your understanding is correct.\n\n 2. First, I want to correct the Japanese sentence.\n\n> 前述の部品のパッケージ **に** 亀裂が生じたことは疑いようがありません。\n\n\"疑いようがありません\" doesn't have to be preceded by \"ことは\". Appending \"こと\" in the end\nof a Japanese sentence is roughly equivalent to putting words \"The thing that\"\nor \"The fact that\" in the beginning of English sentence. It make a sentence a\nnoun.\n\n> 亀裂が生じた(a crack appeared.) [sentence] \n> 亀裂が生じたこと(a fact of a crack appeared.) [noun] \n> 亀裂が生じたことは間違いありません。(There is no doubt about the fact of a crack appeared.)\n> [sentence] \n>\n\nAfter my correction, \"亀裂\" is a topic in the sentence.\n\n 3. Yes, \"前述の部品\" can be marked with \"は\". The following sentences are both correct, but a little difference on nuance.\n\n> 前述の部品 **が** 過度な温度上昇となっていったという仮定のもとで、不具合品の写真は、真実味が出てきます。 \n> You only think of \"前述の部品\" and make assumption. \n>\n>\n> 前述の部品 **は** 過度な温度上昇となっていったという仮定のもとで、不具合品の写真は、真実味が出てきます。 \n> You want to make assumption on the \"前述の部品\", but other \"部品\".\n\nTo compare with the 2nd sentence of the above, I'd like to add this sentence.\n\n> 前述の部品 **も** 過度な温度上昇となっていったという仮定のもとで、不具合品の写真は、真実味が出てきます。 You want to make\n> assumption on the \"前述の部品\", but also other \"部品\".\n\nYes, the following sentence is correct.\n\n> 前述の部品 **は** 過度な温度上昇となっていったと仮定すると、不具合品の写真は、真実味が出てきます。\n\nNote that you can change bold **は** above to **が**. The difference is the same\nas what I describe above.\n\n 4. First off, I think \"改選策\" is probably typo for \"改善策\". \"改選\" means \"re-election\", and \"改善\" means \"to improve\".\n\nAnd it is more natural to write \"本部品の保護\" rather than \"本部品用保護\".\n\n\"前述の改選策\" could be marked with \"は\", but it make the sentence bad as the\nsentence contains 2 noun marked with \"は\". (But you still can't say the\nsentence is incorrect.)\n\n> 前述の改善策 **は** 本部品の保護を保証していると考えること **は** 、妥当なように思われます。\n\nThe setence above is somewhat confusing sentence. It is recommended to avoid 2\nnoun marked with \"は\", you should changed one of \"は\" to \"が\". The following\nsentences are both correct, but nuance is a little different.\n\n> 前述の改善策 **は** 本部品の保護を保証していると考えること **が** 、妥当なように思われます。\n\nYou are not sure with the other \"改善策\" contribute, but at least it is the\nreasonable idea(考えること) that \"前述の改善策\" contributes.\n\n> 前述の改善策 **が** 本部品の保護を保証していると考えること **は** 、妥当なように思われます。\n\nYou are not sure with the other reasonable idea(考えること) exists, but at least\nyou are sure that \"前述の改善策\" contributes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T05:19:52.900",
"id": "44597",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T05:19:52.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9608",
"parent_id": "44576",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44576 | null | 44597 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44682",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Women speak with certain word differences when compared with men and I want to\nverify if this term is used to describe them. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T15:57:51.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44577",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T00:48:38.793",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-06T19:05:54.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"terminology",
"gender",
"feminine-speech"
],
"title": "Does the term 女性語 identify words only used by women?",
"view_count": 379
} | [
{
"body": "It seems to be 女言葉{おんなことば}. e.g. さようなら is used by both men and women, but\nごめんあそばせ is not used by men usually.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T22:21:44.763",
"id": "44589",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T22:21:44.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20111",
"parent_id": "44577",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "ウィキペディア has an article called 女性語（じょせいご） in\n[Japanese](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E8%AA%9E). Quoting\nthe first sentence and providing a translation:\n\n> 女性語（じょせいご）とは、女性特有の言い回しや言葉。対になるものは男性語。\n>\n> 'jyoseigo' are those expression or word that are marked by feminine use. The\n> opposite term is 'danseigo'.\n\nThe article also links to [this article in\nEnglish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_differences_in_spoken_Japanese)\non Wikipedia, which mentions 女言葉 as another term. But that seems to be unused\nin the article in Japanese.\n\n> [...] In Japanese, speech patterns associated with women are referred to as\n> _onna kotoba_ (女言葉?, \"women's words\") or _joseigo_ (女性語?, \"women's\n> language\").\n\nBoth terms `女性語` and `女言葉` are easily found in online dictionaries. However, I\ncan't seem to find either one in the physical Japanese dictionaries that I\nhave.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T17:45:27.620",
"id": "44682",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T00:48:38.793",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-07T00:48:38.793",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "44577",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Historically, there is also the term [女房言葉 ( _nyōbō kotoba_\n)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C5%8Db%C5%8D_kotoba). Note that this term\nis not used to refer to the modern phenomenon of female-specific speech\npatterns.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T20:48:38.553",
"id": "44688",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T20:48:38.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "44577",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 44577 | 44682 | 44682 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I have a problem with the following sentence:\n\n> 君は、持っているものに気づかれなかったのか、元から持っていないのか、どっちだ。\n\nThe sentence was translated as: \"Did they not notice what you had, or wasn't\nit yours from the beginning, which is it?\"\n\nBased on the passive 気づかれなかった shouldn't it be more like: \"Weren't you noticed\nby what you had...\", but that would imply the person was noticed by the things\nhe had with him which doesn't really make sense.\n\nBasically, I want to know how 君は、持っているものに気づかれなかった works. Can it also mean that\nhe was noticed by others through the things he had with him? Or is the\ntranslation correct that the things were not noticed, even though 気づかれなかった is\npassive (and it's most likely not the polite passive) ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T16:58:49.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44580",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-21T03:30:04.273",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T17:04:20.930",
"last_editor_user_id": "19819",
"owner_user_id": "19819",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "君は、持っているものに気づかれなかったのか、元から持っていないのか、どっちだ。Meanining passive",
"view_count": 387
} | [
{
"body": "This 気づかれない is not \"to be noticed\" (passive) but \"to be able to notice\"\n(potential). So 持っているものに気づかれなかったのか is \"is it that you could not notice what\nyou had?\"\n\nOf course 気づく is a consonant-stem verb and thus has the distinct potential\nform (気づける) which is far more common. But we occasionally see the れる-form used\nin the potential sense (especially in older documents, I think).\n\nSee: [Passive usage of 「済まされない」 in\nsentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14065/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T06:15:17.813",
"id": "44603",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T06:15:17.813",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44580",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The given translation \"Did they not notice what you had\" is correct.\n\nFirst, Xに気づく means \"to get aware of / to notice X\". So, 人が（君が）持ってる物に気づく means\n\"people notice what you have\".\n\nNow, you can make the sentence passive with 君 being the subject as below.\n\n * （君が、人に）持っているものに気づかれる.\n\nThe past negative interrogative version (plus noda form) of the above is the\nexample sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-04-18T12:40:34.493",
"id": "46681",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-18T12:40:34.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "44580",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I don't know the whole context of this sentence but it may be using the\npassive form as an honorific, indirect statement. [Reference\nhere](http://www.laits.utexas.edu/japanese/joshu/grammar/glist/y2/ch6/gl_y2_ch6_honorificpassive.php\n\"Reference here\"). This kind of verb is used often to show honor and respect\nto the doer without overusing other honorifics. If this is what the writer\nintended (and it very well may not be at all), then the verb would be active\n(as you have translated) and not passive.\n\n(Again, I'm not totally certain. More context would be necessary).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-18T14:37:21.133",
"id": "47557",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-18T14:37:21.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22133",
"parent_id": "44580",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "I don't agree with the translation. Here's why:\n\n> 君は、持っているものに気づかれなかったのか、元から持っていないのか、どっちだ。\n\n持っているもの = Something you have with you \n気づかれない = To not have been able to notice \n持っていない = \"don't have\"\n\nI read this, with a bit of \"absent\" context, that it should read like this:\n\n> \"So, which is it? That they didn't notice what you had with you, or that you\n> didn't have it with you from the start?\"\n\nI feel that this interpretation makes more sense, because the focus seems to\nbe on the item that is missing.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-19T22:49:12.397",
"id": "47594",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-21T03:30:04.273",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-21T03:30:04.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "44580",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44580 | null | 44603 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44586",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm taking a look by recommendation to the \"remembering the kanji\" book. In it\nappears the kanji below. I look for it in a list of joyo kanji and it doesnt\nappear, at least not when I look for it by its meaning. The meaning the book\nsays it has is \"siesta\". Siesta is a spanish word, and I dont even understand\nwhat it is doing in an english book unless it means something different in\nanother language or japanese? Anyway, I'd like to know if this is a joyo\nkanji, and if this is the meaning it has \"siesta\" and if that meaning it's the\nsame meaning than the word \"siesta\" in spanish . I just wrote a very similar\nquestion recently, of another kanji which looks different, which was also\nreferenced as meaning another spanish word \"fiesta\". This is a different\nquestion even if the word almost looks the same with the difference of only\none letter! (siesta in spanish means nap and fiesta in spanish means party)\n\nBy the way, I can't type the kanji in my computer, so if anyone can add it to\nthe title it's appreciated. Same thing happened with other couple of topics\nI've opened, and I realize since the topic title isnt descriptive, the topic\nisnt helpful for others\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/95zd4.png)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T17:56:49.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44581",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T23:51:04.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "Is this a joyo kanji? What does it mean?",
"view_count": 594
} | [
{
"body": "(1) While siesta is Spanish word, it is also an English word. The English word\nmeans \"afternoon nap\". I don't know if that's the meaning of the Spanish word\nfrom which the English word comes.\n\n(2) This character does not mean siesta.\n\nThe definitions at [jisho.org\n(JDICT)](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%9B%B7%20%23kanji) are: \"why, how, when\"\ndepending on the reading.\n\nThe definitions given at [漢字辞典](http://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjii/4250.html) are\nsimilarly question words depending on the readings.\n\n(3) The character is not in the 常用漢字 nor in the name list (per\n[here](https://joyokanji.info/)).\n\n(4) Moreover, the version you are searching for is considered an 異体字\n(<http://glyphwiki.org/wiki/u66f7-ue0101>) -- meaning an alternative way to\nwrite the same character.\n\n* * *\n\nI don't have any experience with Heisig, but I will note here that the [the\nstory Heisig uses that I'm finding\nonline](http://rtkelements.blogspot.com/2014/11/46-siesta.html) differs from\nfrom the components of the character. Specifically, the top part here is not\nthe sun (日), it's 曰く (which means to speak). The bottom part is a bound\nperson, so it's a bound person answering questions if you want a correct\nimage.\n\n@snailplane gave me a helpful explanation that he's put this in because it is\na building block in several characters that _are_ used in Japanese even if it\nitself is not.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T20:19:06.123",
"id": "44586",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T23:51:04.147",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T23:51:04.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "4091",
"parent_id": "44581",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44581 | 44586 | 44586 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44584",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sumo wrestlers wear a hair bun on the top of their heads and I want to know\nwhat it is called.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T18:17:01.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44583",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T18:54:48.340",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-18T18:54:48.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"sports"
],
"title": "What is the hair bun on a sumo wrestler's head called?",
"view_count": 271
} | [
{
"body": "It's called 大銀杏 _ōichō_ , which is a type of 髷 _mage_ (bun/topknot).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T18:54:03.667",
"id": "44584",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T18:54:03.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "44583",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44583 | 44584 | 44584 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The scenario: Two people looking at a picture of their deceased relative.\n\nPerson 1:\n\n> はぁーあ、こんな遺影じゃおちおち感傷にも浸れない\n\nWhich I believe translates to:\n\n> I shouldn't get sentimental so carelessly over something like a picture\n\nPerson 2:\n\n> 確かにコレじゃあなー\n\nThis response is confusing me, if 確かに means \"certainly\", コレ means \"this\" and\nじゃあなー means \"isn't it/right?\" then that would would mean it literally\ntranslates to \"certainly this isn't it\", I know I shouldn't think of things\ntoo literally but I'm at a loss as to what it could mean in a more contextual\nsense, can anyone please explain what it actually means?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T21:18:52.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44587",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T05:52:18.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20333",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "What is \"確かにコレじゃあな\" supposed to mean here?",
"view_count": 412
} | [
{
"body": "Its picture was so terrible.\n\n> That's right. (This picture is too bad to get sentimental. Although I dare\n> not to say, but you are aware of my opinion, aren't you?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T22:42:26.920",
"id": "44590",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T22:42:26.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20111",
"parent_id": "44587",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "You have mixed up じゃねえ and じゃあなー. In speech ない contracts to ねえ/ねぇ/ねー, but\nnever to なあ/なぁ/なー (except in Nagoya dialect where ない sounds similar to なぁ\n/næː/).\n\n * 確かに: \"certainly\"\n * コレ: \"this\"\n * じゃあ: (colloquialism for では) \n * で: \"with/by\" (method/means marker)\n * は: (topic/contrast marker, here used to [indicate some negative expression follows](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/5010))\n * なー: ([sentence-end/filler particle](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5240/5010) like ねー)\n\nSo this literally translates to \"Certainly, with this, < _something negative\nleft unsaid_ >.\" A possible translation would be \"With this...yeah.\" or even\n\"You can say that.\"\n\nBy the way こんな遺影 is \"a portrait (of deceased person) like this\", not\n\"something like a portrait\". And why is\n[おちおち](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1) translated\nas carelessly?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T05:36:33.280",
"id": "44598",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T05:45:41.207",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44587",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The conversation suggests there is something amiss about that particular\nphoto, which makes it difficult for them to indulge in sentimentalism as they\nlike.\n\nPerson 1 goes like this:\n\n> Man, with his/her portrait like this, it's impossible to get properly\n> sentimental.\n\nPerson 2 agrees:\n\n> Yeah, not with (the portrait like) this.\n\nNotice that the じゃあ is the same thing as the じゃ in Person 1's line. It's the\ncolloquial contraction of the compound particle では, made up of で( _with_ ) +\nは(topic marker).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T05:52:18.543",
"id": "44600",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T05:52:18.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11575",
"parent_id": "44587",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44587 | null | 44598 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I'm trying to translate this song (full lyrics here, at 5:\n<http://karent.jp/album/1709/lyric/5>) I'm confused about how 願い is being used\nin this sentence.\n\n遙か遠い昔の願い呑みこんだ渦\n\nLiterally, this seems to be saying that the wish belongs to the far-away\nsound. But that doesn't make much sense to me. The way the sentence makes the\nmost sense is if it was translated, \"I wish for the far away-sound of a\nswallowing whirlpool.\" However, I'm uncertain if this is supported by the\ntext. Is this correct?\n\nMostly, I'm confused about how 願い is just sitting there in front of 願い呑みこんだ -\nit doesn't seem to be modifying it in anyway. I'm guessing a particle was\nomitted here, but I'm not sure if the word is being used in some other way.\nCan someone please explain this placement also?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T21:42:26.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44588",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T23:53:13.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Translation help! Placement of 願い in this sentence is confusing",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "You seem to be misreading 昔(むかし) , \"the past\", as 音(おと) , \"sound\". It's not\n\"faraway sound\" but \"wishes from the long distant past\". 願い is the object of\n呑み込んだ、 so the \"missing\" particle would be を following 願い . The meaning of the\nwhole, I should think, is \"the whirlpool which has swallowed [?my]\nwishes/hopes from long, long ago\". 吞み込む is often used to mean \"swallow\", or\n\"choke back\", one's tears.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-18T23:53:13.567",
"id": "44591",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-18T23:53:13.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20069",
"parent_id": "44588",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44588 | null | 44591 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44594",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: Character A, a middle-aged man, suddenly enters the room where Riku,\na child, is.\n\n> Character A: 何してんだ？リク\n>\n> Riku: いつものおじさん\n\nThen, in the next balloon (it's a manga), Riku explains what he was doing.\n\nWhat is いつもの in the sentence above? Is it an adjective? If so would the\ntranslation be \"oh, the usual man/the man that always comes here\"? Or is it\nthe object of the implicit sentence \"(I'm doing) the usual, old man\"? I would\nsay it is an adjective, because if it was the object it would be いつもの **を** \",\nright? Thank you for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T02:56:42.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44593",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T06:07:18.937",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-19T06:07:18.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Is いつもの an adjective or the object in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 148
} | [
{
"body": "Yes this simply means \"the man who always comes here\".\n\nいつもの彼/いつものお客さん/etc is a common way to refer to _that_ person you often see or\ntalk about (\"you-know-who\"). [例の](http://jisho.org/word/%E4%BE%8B%E3%81%AE) is\nsimilar.\n\nIn reality, it's unusual to directly address a person with いつものおじさん, and this\nsmells a bit like 説明セリフ to me. 説明セリフ is an jargon term that refers to\nunnatural lines in fiction (often long one) which only serve as a description\n_for the readers_. (Here are [typical\n説明セリフ](http://ja.uncyclopedia.info/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:%E6%96%AC%E3%81%AE%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A9.png)\nin a battle scene; he talks to himself to explain to the readers)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T04:27:28.693",
"id": "44594",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T06:00:34.130",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-19T06:00:34.130",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44593",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44593 | 44594 | 44594 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I always translate ている as \"have verb (past participle)\" when refering to\nresultant state.\n\nBut that current meaning can also be brought upon by past tense of verb\ncombined together with こと and ある.\n\n> 彼を殺している(or ある)\n>\n> 彼を殺したことはある\n\nている here is ofcourse not the progressive one, as some verbs (die, kill, open)\ndo not have it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T05:01:59.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44595",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T05:40:23.623",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between \"verb(past) + こと + ある\" and \"verb + ている\"",
"view_count": 264
} | [
{
"body": "They represent different times and states of being. I gave an example that\ndoesn't involve killing :)\n\n```\n\n ている - Ongoing action \n てある - Exists in a set state.\n したことはある - States an experience.\n \n 紙にかいてる - I am writing it on a piece of paper\n 紙に書いてある - It is written on [that] peice of paper\n 紙に書いたことある - I have written on a piece of paper\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T05:05:10.707",
"id": "44596",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T05:05:10.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44595",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "This answer might be completely wrong but I'm writing it anyway in the hope of\nlearning from it.\n\n> 彼を殺している\n\nis simply\n\n> I have killed him.\n\nWhereas\n\n> 彼を殺したことはある\n\nsounds to me like\n\n> I have the experience of killing him\n\nwhich sounds weird, because it sounds like he can be killed multiple times.\n\nPerhaps we could translate 彼 as boyfriend and then it would make sense as\n\n> I have experience of killing boyfriends.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T05:40:23.623",
"id": "44599",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T05:40:23.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "44595",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44595 | null | 44599 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44605",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There must be an appropriate response, when the term is used. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T05:55:50.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44601",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T07:25:55.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is an answer for ごめんなさい？",
"view_count": 498
} | [
{
"body": "大丈夫(だ/です)よ -> it's alright. 構わない/構いません -> i don't mind. (もう)いい -> it's\n(already) good. ううん/いいえ -> don't mention it. こちらこそ -> so am(it should be me\nsaying...) i. Would be plausible I guess...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T07:25:55.037",
"id": "44605",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T07:25:55.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"parent_id": "44601",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44601 | 44605 | 44605 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44610",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I tried to explain this term to a friend with no luck. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T06:06:05.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44602",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T03:10:03.677",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T03:06:07.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the term for road rage?",
"view_count": 583
} | [
{
"body": "I have no idea to explain with a word. But if I explain it in Japanese,\n\n> road rage\n> ってのは、ほら、ハンドル持つと人が変わるって人いるよね。ちょっとした渋滞なんかでもすぐ舌打ちしてクラクション鳴らしたりしてさ。あれだよあれ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T07:58:35.247",
"id": "44607",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T07:58:35.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20111",
"parent_id": "44602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "There is no word in Japanese that means 'road rage'.\n\n 1. If a listener knows 'road rage'\n\nYou can say\n[ロードレージ](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8).\n\n 2. If a listener doesn't know 'road rage'\n\nYou can say:\n\n> 車に乗ると人が変わること",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T11:12:12.280",
"id": "44610",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T03:10:03.677",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T03:10:03.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "14627",
"parent_id": "44602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "There isn't really a word except for the Katakana already presented but a\nconsise description would be 車{くるま}の運転中{うんてんちゅう}に突然{とつぜん}キレること",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T13:03:18.650",
"id": "44626",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T02:35:18.307",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T02:35:18.307",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Could 居直り (いなおり) be used? It means \"change of attitude\" and refers to someone\nsuddenly turning aggressive or violent. It is used, for example, of a burglar\nwho is disturbed by the person whose home he has broken into thinking it was\nempty and reacts by committing murder or rape.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T10:28:49.117",
"id": "44664",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T10:28:49.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20069",
"parent_id": "44602",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 44602 | 44610 | 44607 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44608",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Well i wanted to know if combining finnish word \"Erakko\" and japanese word\n\"Hikikomori\" into \"Erakomori\" would mean something stupid or could actually be\nused...?\n\nI mean, hikikomori is kind of its own word without direct english translation\nright?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T07:11:20.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44604",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-12T03:53:49.517",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-12T03:53:49.517",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Combining words",
"view_count": 670
} | [
{
"body": "Hikikomori (引きこもり) is a pure Japanese-origin word. It's a stem (masu-stem) of\na compound verb 引きこもる, which means \"to lock oneself up\", \"to confine oneself\".\nI know [this word has gained popularity outside of\nJapan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikikomori), but I have no idea how it's\nused in Western countries. Etymologically, it has nothing to do with hermits,\nof course.\n\nErakomori absolutely makes no sense to ordinary Japanese speakers because they\ndon't know _Erakko_ in the first place. Well, people sometimes do coin mixed-\nEnglish-Japanese-compound words, but this one is simply too difficult. I don't\nknow if it makes sense to Finnish people. If you believe both Erakko and\nhikikomori are well-recognized words in your target community and everyone can\nguess what Erakomori means, go ahead.\n\nOr you're worried about whether erakomori happens to sound like something\ntotally different and funny ([\"Kinky\"\nuniversity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindai_University), for example)?\nThen don't worry, erakomori sounds like meaningless gibberish to me. [えら (\n_era_ )](http://jisho.org/word/%E9%B0%93) in Japanese also means _gills_ (of\nfish), but I think very few Japanese people would have it in mind when they\nsuddenly see \"erakomori\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T08:06:34.537",
"id": "44608",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T08:13:29.903",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-19T08:13:29.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44604",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 44604 | 44608 | 44608 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44631",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Regarding the construction of a new bullet train line:\n\n> 工事のお金は、[敦賀]{つるが}から新大阪まで **で** ２兆１０００億円かかる予定です。 \n> The construction cost from 敦賀 to 新大阪 is expected to be (some eye watering\n> amount of money).\n\nI can't understand the function of the で in bold. Can it be omitted? It seems\nto make sense to me without it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T09:19:23.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44609",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T13:35:30.350",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-19T12:04:30.613",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-で",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Meaning of で in 敦賀から新大阪まで〈で〉２兆１０００億円かかる予定です",
"view_count": 293
} | [
{
"body": "In a nutshell you can pretend there is no で there. The meaning is the same.\n\n* * *\n\nI think its better to tackle all the siblings of まで at the same time.\n\nThere is a difference between までで,までに,まで and までは if まで is followed by an\naction verb. I am almost explaining raw what you can find in 日本語の作文技術〈新版〉 by\n本多{ほんだ}勝一{かついち} page 224-225.\n\nHe takes the following example:\n\n> 列車が名古屋に着く〈まで・までに・までで・までは〉雑誌を読むのを止めた。\n\n * まで express the fact that an action is continuing. So the sentence with まで means _Up until the train reached Nagoya he continued not to read the magazine_.\n * What is before までに express a deadline. That means that the action (読むのを止める) took place before that deadline. Thus the sentence with までに means *He stopped reading the magazine at some point before the train reached Nagoya.\n * The point that in time before までで (here, 名古屋に着く) is the **exact end point** of the action. Thus, The sentence with までで means _Exactly when the train reached Nagoya, he stopped reading the magazine._\n * The は of までは is a は of contrast between before and after reaching Nagoya. Thus, the sentence with までは means _Until Nagoya I did not read but after reaching Nagoya_ but he probably did read after the train reached Nagoya.\n\n* * *\n\nHere かかる is not an action verb, so there is no difference in meaning. The only\ndifference is that this で strengthen the fact that 新大坂 is the ending point.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:02:19.967",
"id": "44614",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T12:02:19.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "44609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "That で is part of a set phrase `[purpose/item] で [price] かかる` (\"to cost\n[price] **for/to** [purpose]\"). You can use に instead of で.\n\n * 1回の通話{で/に}30円かかる。 It takes 30 yen to make one call.\n * 1円玉を作るの{で/に}2円かかる。 Making a 1-yen coin costs 2 yen.\n * このスマホを製造するのに、CPUで30ドル、バッテリーで10ドルかかっています。 \nIt costs $30 for the CPU and $10 for the battery to manufacture this\nsmartphone.\n\nIn your example, that で can be omitted but it feels more formal and a bit more\nnatural to keep it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T13:35:30.350",
"id": "44631",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T13:35:30.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44609",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44609 | 44631 | 44631 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44634",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On special occasions such as weddings and on New Year's Day, envelopes that\nhave prewritten Kanji on them and other decorative items are used for giving\nmoney.\n\nIs there a generic term for these envelopes, or do they have specific names\nfor specific events?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T11:25:33.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44611",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T13:00:53.480",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T13:00:53.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What are the envelopes used for giving money on special occasions called?",
"view_count": 324
} | [
{
"body": "The generic term is\n[金封【きんぷう】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B0%81), but Japanese\npeople do not use this word commonly. Common words are:\n\n香典【こうでん】袋【ぶくろ】 for black and white ones used on funerals:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ilOF6.png)\n\n(ご)祝儀【しゅうぎ】袋【ぶくろ】 or のし袋【ぶくろ】 for colorful ones used for weddings or other\nhappy occassions:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0Q2vD.jpg)\n\nポチ袋【ふくろ】 or お年玉袋 used specifically for\n[お年玉](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_New_Year#Otoshidama):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ajYQs.jpg)\n\n(Images from photoAC)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T16:11:10.453",
"id": "44634",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T16:11:10.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44611",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 44611 | 44634 | 44634 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44622",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I recently bought some apples and the term was written in hiragana.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T11:56:37.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44612",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T15:24:04.973",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-20T15:24:04.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "1805",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography",
"hiragana",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "Why is りんご written in hiragana?",
"view_count": 610
} | [
{
"body": "A lot of words that have kanji are still written in kana, probably because\npeople overall simply don't bother to learn all the kanji. There certainly\nisn't any need for it. As for the kanji, 林檎, I can't remember ever having seen\nit other than in dictionaries.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:36:35.093",
"id": "44619",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T12:36:35.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "44612",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "There is a lot of examples of words in Japanese that are written using kana\nalone, rather than Kanji, even though they could be written in Kanji. They are\nmostly words so common and used, that people just find it easier to use\nHiragana (a classical example would be きょう （今日）which is almost always written\nin Hiragana. Ironically, the more you know Kanji, the more confusing it gets\nto read words in Hiragana if they could be written in Kanji you already know.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:41:27.197",
"id": "44620",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T12:41:27.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20334",
"parent_id": "44612",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "In kanji りんご is 林檎, but as you may know 檎 is not a general-use kanji (常用漢字)\nthus it is not taught in school and is not supposed to appear in official\nwritings. That is the reason why you will never see 林檎 in kanji outside of\ndictionaries or books that does not bother with 常用漢字.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:43:47.107",
"id": "44621",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T12:43:47.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "44612",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "りんご can be written in _kanji_ as 林檎. However, the second _kanji_ is not a\n_jōyō kanji_ , so the whole word is often written in _kana_.\n\nThe same happens with hundreds of other everyday items\n\n * みかん 蜜柑\n * しょうゆ 醤油\n * みそ 味噌\n * ろうそく 蝋燭\n * にんじん 人参\n * タンス 箪笥\n * ネジ 螺子\n * ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:44:14.430",
"id": "44622",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T14:06:31.917",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-19T14:06:31.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "44612",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 44612 | 44622 | 44622 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44633",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> テレビ局の人たちは専門家が火山を調べている **ところ** をビデオに撮っていました。ビデオには白い煙が空に上がっていく **ところ**\n> や石が飛んでくる **ところ** などが写っています。 \n> The television crew were recording experts investigating the volcano. On\n> the video (you can see) white smoke rising to the sky and stones flying.\n\nAm I correct that all the instances of ところ in bold could be replaced with こと?\nIf so, what nuance/change of meaning does using ところ bring to these sentences?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T11:58:03.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44613",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T13:49:16.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Why is ところ used instead of こと in these sentences?",
"view_count": 335
} | [
{
"body": "They are not interchangeable with こと, while they are interchangeable with 場面\nand シーン (\"scene\").\n\nところ can refer to one concrete situation or scene.\n\n専門家が火山を調べていることをビデオに撮る and 白い煙が空に上がることを写す are acceptable when you want to\npresent them as a general fact (i.e., \"the fact that experts investigate\nvolcanoes\"). （宇宙から）地球が球体であることを写真に撮る sounds perfect, but 地球が球体であるところを写真に撮る may\nsound like the earth is sometimes not spherical.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T13:49:16.643",
"id": "44633",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T13:49:16.643",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44613",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44613 | 44633 | 44633 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44617",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been chatting online and both terms seem to mean the same thing. Thank\nyou.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:16:38.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44615",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T12:30:39.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 時々and たまに？",
"view_count": 1111
} | [
{
"body": "時々 means _sometimes_ while たまに means _rarely_. たまに should not be confused with\nたまたま which means _by coincidence_ (even if rarely たまたま can be used to say\n_sometimes/rarely_ )",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:30:39.810",
"id": "44617",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T12:30:39.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "44615",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 44615 | 44617 | 44617 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44625",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both terms mean over there but I am wondering if there are specific\npreferences of use. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:24:15.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44616",
"last_activity_date": "2017-10-08T20:00:50.827",
"last_edit_date": "2017-10-08T20:00:50.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "26064",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between あれ and あの？",
"view_count": 1935
} | [
{
"body": "They mean essentially the same, but あの is always used with a noun, and\nあれwithout one. Examples:\n\n 1. **あれ** は時計です。（There is a watch there)\n 2. **この** 時計はあそこです。(This watch is there)\n\nAs you can see, in the 1st sentence, the emphasis is on the watch's location\n(is it in the speaker's space, in the listener's space, or elsewhere), while\nthe in the 2nd the focus is on the watch.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:32:28.847",
"id": "44618",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T12:32:28.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20334",
"parent_id": "44616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "あれ！ (The interjection) means like huh?! as in\n\nあれー、鍵をかけたと思った (huh!? I thought I locked the door\n\nあの is used as a stutter device in sentences like \"um\" in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T13:00:54.660",
"id": "44625",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T13:00:54.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44616",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44616 | 44625 | 44618 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44629",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A friend of mine has a Japan pop-music CD and on the title there's the\nfollowing:\n\nヒデとロザンナ (Hide & Rosanna) - 愛は傷つきやすく (Love is Free)\n\nHowever, I believe 愛は傷つきやすく rather means \"Love is Fragile\" and not \"Love is\nFree\". Is this my thinking correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T12:58:28.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44624",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T13:22:33.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "愛は傷つきやすく translated as \"Love is Free\"?",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "I think you're right.\n\n**愛は傷つきやすく** can be translated as ” **love is easy to be hurt** \" in a literal\ntranslation.\n\nBut it was translated as “ **Love is Free** ”. I guess that's may because of\nits contents of lyrics. You know, some titles or lyrics of the songs weren't\ntranslated with a literal translation in order to be easily understood by\nlisteners.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T13:22:33.307",
"id": "44629",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T13:22:33.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20341",
"parent_id": "44624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44624 | 44629 | 44629 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44628",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am using online chats to study, and I wanted to convey a good feeling about\nthe chat. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T13:04:12.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44627",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T10:53:14.257",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T10:52:47.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Can ふんいき and かんじ mean the same thing?",
"view_count": 104
} | [
{
"body": "雰囲気{ふんいき} is a noun meaning atmosphere and 感{かん}じる is the verb to feel. 感じ\nthen means feeling (with 良{よ}い感じ meaning good feeling).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T13:06:09.897",
"id": "44628",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T10:53:14.257",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T10:53:14.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "44627",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 44627 | 44628 | 44628 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44636",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can the term be お姉さんbe used to address female strangers politely?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T17:15:24.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44635",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-17T15:48:31.150",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-17T15:48:31.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Can the term お姉さん be used to address female strangers politely?",
"view_count": 371
} | [
{
"body": "It is customary in Japan to address people unknown to you by the\nrespectful,term for the position they would appear to hold in their own family\n- おじいさん , \"grandad\", for an elderly man, おばあさん, \"granny\", for an elderly\nwoman, おくさん, \"married woman\" for a woman who would appear to be, say, over\nthirty-five. Not all relationship terms are used like this: おかあさん , \"mother\",\nand おとうさん, \"father\", for example. Also, the age, sex, etc of the speaker\naffects usage: a young woman might address a middle-aged man as おじさん ,\n\"uncle\", but I don't think a male of any age would. (I remember the shock I\nfelt the first time a young woman addressed me as おじさん.) おねえさん , \"older\nsister\", can be used to address a woman in late teens to early twenties. It\nis, for example, (or used to be)used to attract the attention of wait-staff in\na cafe or restaurant. But all these need to be used with caution. To attract\nthe attention of a young woman who, for example, has dropped something in the\nstreet in front of you, it's probably best to use おじょうさん, a respectful word\nfor daughter or young woman. Take care. You can sound very presumptuous if you\nget it wrong.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T18:35:19.017",
"id": "44636",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T18:35:19.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20069",
"parent_id": "44635",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44635 | 44636 | 44636 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44644",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the term for sandals that are only worn with a kimono on special\noccasions?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T19:01:03.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44637",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-25T11:23:52.393",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-25T11:23:52.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -5,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What are the sandals worn with a kimono called?",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "The shoes are called Geta.. They are worn with the tabi socks , never bare\nfooted. The shoes resemble plat form zori's but are not rubber. Some are very\nfancy other's rather plain , I'm sure as to not clash with the kimono. Fancy\nones can be made out of the same material of the kimono. Childrens Geta's\nsometimes have bell's that dangle in the plat form of the shoe.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T23:17:12.327",
"id": "44644",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T23:17:12.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20350",
"parent_id": "44637",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44637 | 44644 | 44644 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44639",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It was part of 数値化します, and I have no idea what it means. The context deals\nwith businesses, and I thought it's something like statistics, but the\n-shimasu threw me off, so I don't know anymore.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T20:10:00.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44638",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T20:57:24.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20348",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What does 数値化 mean?",
"view_count": 70
} | [
{
"body": "数値 value, numeric 化 change So by adding する you create the verb \"change to\nnumber\" or \"quantify\"\n\n化 is commonly used in this way when you want to state that something is\nchanging to a certain shape or form. The generic word for change is 変化{へんか}.\n石化 for example means \"petrification\" or \"fossilization\", directly translated\nto \"turning to stone\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T20:57:24.140",
"id": "44639",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T20:57:24.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "44638",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44638 | 44639 | 44639 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have learnt that these are both ways to say \"let alone, all the more.. etc\"\nAre these two grammatical structures interchangeable, or meant to be used\ntogether? Many thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T21:04:33.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44640",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-23T14:11:27.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20349",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between ましてや and なおさら",
"view_count": 624
} | [
{
"body": "They are basically interchangeable _and_ can be used together, in both\npositive and negative contexts. You need to change the sentence structure\naround to switch between them, though. Here's a negative example:\n\n 1. 風{かぜ}がないので、なおさら暑く{あつく}感じる{かんじる}。\n 2. 暑い。ましてや風がないとなるとなおさら暑い。\n 3. 暑い。ましてや風がないとなると汗{あせ}が止まらない{とまらない}。\n 4. 暑い。風がないとなると、なおさら汗が止まらない。\n\n* * *\n\n 1. It feels even hotter because of the lack of wind.(sentence from [goo dictionary](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/162781/meaning/m0u/), which in turn gets its entries from the dictionary [Daijisen Digital](http://www.daijisen.jp/digital/))\n 2. It's hot; all the worse that there's no wind.\n 3. It's hot. Compounded by the lack of wind, I'm dripping sweat.\n 4. It's hot. Compounded by the lack of wind, I'm dripping sweat.\n\n* * *\n\nA subtlety I should point out between 3 and 4 is that the part immediately\nproceeding the なおさら/ましてや receives the most emphasis by the speaker. The former\nis making a bigger complaint about the lack of wind, and the latter is more\nbothered by the pool of sweat (s)he's creating. The latter also implies that\nthe speaker was already sweating before the line, and is emphasizing that\n(s)he's still sweating, perhaps even worse now; a similar effect to the word\n\"exacerbate\" (at least for negative situations). I lost that part in\ntranslation.\n\nOh yeah, and here's the kanji if you ever need it. なおさら：尚更、ましてや：増してや（況してや）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-22T20:34:03.780",
"id": "44774",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-23T14:11:27.577",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-23T14:11:27.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "20380",
"owner_user_id": "20380",
"parent_id": "44640",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44640 | null | 44774 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44654",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know that べき means should, so what's つっこむ? And what's its infinitive?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T21:53:23.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44641",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T09:26:45.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20348",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "What does つっこむ べき mean?",
"view_count": 219
} | [
{
"body": "つっこむ is a simple verb which has several meanings including \"to plunge\", \"to\nretort\", \"to cram\". So つっこむべき means \"[You] should cram\", \"[I] should plunge\",\nor whatever that corresponds to the dictionary definition.\n\nThat said, when people suddenly say つっこむべき in a conversation, it's likely to\nmean \"[I/You/etc should] retort / react / butt in / point out someone's error\"\nusually with some comedic nuance. つっこむ is recognized as a role of comedians.\nSee: [What does “tsukkomi” mean?](https://anime.stackexchange.com/q/6787/5094)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T03:33:05.030",
"id": "44654",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T03:33:05.030",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:54:51.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44641",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It's not a simple verb, it's a compound verb, a construct which is very common\nin Japanese.\n\n突{つ}く - to thrust, hit, strike, ...\n\n込{こ}む - to enter/become packed ...\n\nCombining the verbs then gives a verb which means more like \"plunge _into_ \"\nor \"thrust something _into_ \"\n\n込む is a common suffix in these combined verbs, such as 入れ込む (put something\ninside) and 飲み込む (to swallow, or more abstractly as \"to take in\", \"to\nunderstand\").\n\nAs for the conjugation, it works the same as 込む when it's written by itself.\nThe \"infinitive\" is thus what you have already written, 突っ込む.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T09:26:45.917",
"id": "44662",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T09:26:45.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "44641",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44641 | 44654 | 44654 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44643",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 相撲の世界は寂しい。 **この世界にあとから入った者は先輩の世話をさせられる** 。\n\n 1. Does この世界に modify あとから入ったもの or is この世界に a local adverb, saying: \"In this world,...\n\n 2. I'm having problems with あとから. So far, my textbook only taught me about あと as a suffix, basically meaning \"after\". However, I've never seen あと attached to to a particle, so I'd rather see it connected to から as a prefix, making \"あとから\", which would somehow indicate a timespan starting **after** a certain point in time.\n\n 3. 先輩の世話をさせられる. I guess the subject of this causative passive are the 者 who are coerced to help their sempais?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T22:10:28.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44642",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-14T19:05:18.770",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-14T19:05:18.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "この世界にあとから入った者は先輩の世話をさせられる",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "あとから = \"from afterwards\", i.e. \"at a later date\", \"later than\", \"subsequently\"\nor simply \"after\" So この世界にあとから入った者 = \"Those who have entered this world later\"\nThis is the topic of the sentence, marked as usual with は. 先輩の世話をさせられる = \"are\nmade to perform services for their seniors\" (i.e those who entered the this\nworld before them) So a literalish version would be \"Those who enter this\nworld later are made to perform services for their seniors\" I'd go for\nsomething like \"Those who join the sumo world later find themselves at the\nbeck and call of those who preceded them - their senpai\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T22:55:16.693",
"id": "44643",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-19T22:55:16.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20069",
"parent_id": "44642",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44642 | 44643 | 44643 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44653",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I would like to know because this Kanji is part of my name.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-19T23:39:49.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44645",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-21T19:07:59.720",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20335",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Is 伊 a part of a word?",
"view_count": 1967
} | [
{
"body": "It is the abbreviation for 'Italy'. The full word for Italy is 伊太利. Also, the\nkanji dictionary says it can be read as これ, which means 'this, this one'.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T02:15:26.160",
"id": "44650",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T02:15:26.160",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"parent_id": "44645",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "You can find 伊 in names, of people and of places. 伊藤{いとう} (ito), 伊豆{いず} (izu),\n伊賀{いが} (iga), 伊達{だて} (date; i.e., 伊 is silent here) etc. As Marco suggests,\n伊{い} is also used to mean Italy.\n\nI tried but couldn't come up with a normal word with 伊 other than 「伊達{だて}じゃない\n/ 伊達{だて}に〜〜ない」(Used to say something is not merely for show.) and\n「伊達{だて}眼鏡{めがね}」 (date megane; eyeglasses not for visual correction), where\n伊達{だて} is about manliness or good-lookingness. 伊達{だて}, in these phrases and\nword, originally come from the family name of the 伊達{だて} clan, and so 伊 itself\ndoesn't have such implications.\n\nBy the way, katakana character イ comes from 伊.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T03:05:01.510",
"id": "44651",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T03:18:07.577",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-20T03:18:07.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "20352",
"owner_user_id": "20352",
"parent_id": "44645",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Basically, every kanji has one or more meanings, and one or more readings. For\nexample, the kanji 麗 has meanings (\"beautiful; graceful\") and readings ( _rei_\n; _uruwa-shii_ ), and it can appear in many words such as\n[綺麗](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%A5%87%E9%BA%97),\n[華麗](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%8F%AF%E9%BA%97),\n[美辞麗句](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%BE%8E%E8%BE%9E%E9%BA%97%E5%8F%A5).\n\nHowever 伊 is a bit special; Japanese people have almost forgotten the original\nmeaning of this kanji. In Chinese 伊 seems to have a meaning (\"he; she; that\"),\nbut Japanese people never use this kanji in this sense. In Japan, 伊 is now\nrecognized as a kanji which just has a reading い ( _i_ ) and appears in proper\nnouns (names of people, place, etc).\n\nSome common proper nouns that has 伊 are:\n\n * 伊藤 \"Itoh\" (common Japanese family name)\n * 伊賀 \"Iga\" (a place name famous as a home of ninja)\n * 伊太利亜 \"Italy\" ([an ateji country name](https://deadreckoning8.wordpress.com/2014/02/09/whats-your-countrys-name-in-traditional-japanese-ateji/))\n\nThe only \"normal\" word that has 伊 is probably\n[伊達](http://jisho.org/word/%E4%BC%8A%E9%81%94), which means \"just for show\".\nIt's a common family name (e.g., [Kimiko\nDate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimiko_Date-Krumm)), but has gained a\nspecial meaning for historical reasons.\n\n伊 is also used on newspapers as a single-character abbreviation for Italy.\nThis is not the traditional meaning of 伊, but still one can say the primary\n\"meaning\" of 伊 is \"Italy\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T03:18:03.870",
"id": "44653",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T03:18:03.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44645",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
]
| 44645 | 44653 | 44653 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44648",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is my attempt, wanted to see if this is correct, I'm trying to write a\npractice presentation for my class on Wednesday I'm a first year Japanese\nstudent.\n\n> Watashi no Getsuyōbi no gogo goji ni tadaima desu.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T00:30:57.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44646",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T01:46:10.793",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-20T00:34:40.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "20351",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "How to say \"On mondays I get home at 5pm\"",
"view_count": 1719
} | [
{
"body": "I'd suggest the following:\n\n> 毎週の月曜日は大抵夕方５時に[家]{うち}に着きます。 \n> _maishū no getsuyōbi wa yūgata goji ni uchi ni tsukimasu._\n\nA few remarks on your attempt:\n\n * Since there is no plural in Japanese, I would add 毎週 ( _maishū_ ; every week) to emphasize that this is a recurring event.\n\n * 私の ( _Watashi no_ ) means \"my\" or \"mine\". You probably meant to say 私は ( _Watashi wa_ ) to make \"I\" the subject of the sentence. However, subjects are frequently omitted in Japanese when they can be guessed from the context. Since the word for \"home\" has both honorific (お宅; _otaku_ ) and humble (家; _uchi_ ) forms, the use of the latter makes it clear that you're talking about your home. This makes the subject unnecessary.\n\n * 午後 ( _gogo_ ) is not incorrect. But I think in this case, since returning home seems to imply that you've finished your day's work by this point, I would be more inclined to use 夕方 ( _yūgata_ ; evening).\n\n * ただいま ( _tadaima_ ) is just something people say when they get back home. It's not a verb. To say \"I get home\", you should use something like 家に着く instead.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T01:37:15.513",
"id": "44647",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T01:37:15.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4073",
"parent_id": "44646",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I'm not a professional teacher but please let me try.\n\nI can manage to understand what you mean by your sentence but we (native\nJapanese speakers) usually use sentences like the following\n\n> Watashi wa Getsuyōbi wa gogo goji ni ie ni kaeri masu.\n\n\"kaeri masu\" is to go back (home = \"ie\"). We usually omit \"watashi wa\" and\njust say\n\n> Getsuyōbi wa gogo goji ni ie ni kaeri masu.\n\nDepending on the context, \"ie ni\" can be omitted.\n\n> Getsuyōbi wa gogo goji ni kaeri masu.\n\nNotice that, from none of the above sentences, we can't tell that 5:00pm is\nthe time of arrival or departure. If you want to make clear that it is the\narrival time, I think you need to provide the context. For example, if you are\narranging weekly Skype meetings or something like that, the important\ninformation for the partner of your conversation is the fact that you are at\nhome at that time. In that case, you can say\n\n> Getsuyōbi wa gogo goji ni wa ie ni (kaette) imasu,\n\nwhich means that \"On Mondays, I'm home at 5pm at the latest.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T01:46:10.793",
"id": "44648",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T01:46:10.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20352",
"parent_id": "44646",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 44646 | 44648 | 44648 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44658",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From [英語子音の攻略](https://www.cais.or.jp/station/10/007.html)\n\n> 次回は、これらの日本人にとって **苦手とする** 発音をどのように訓練するのかということについて、ご紹介していきます。\n\nMy dictionary defines とする as:\n\n> そのように仮定する意を表す。\n\nDoes this definition apply to the sentence that I've found? Is the nuance in\nthis context something along the lines of, \"You think you're bad at it, but\nyou don't have to be\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T03:58:01.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44656",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T06:26:41.263",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3741",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Adjective + とする",
"view_count": 1103
} | [
{
"body": "No, this とする simply means \"to regard\". It's the second definition in [this\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/159047/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B/):\n\n> １ …と仮定する。「ここに川があるとする」 \n> ２ …と考える。…と判断する。「彼の意見をよしとする者」\n\nSo 日本人にとって苦手とする発音 means \"the pronunciation which Japanese people regard as\ndifficult.\"\n\nBut I feel this phrase is slightly clumsy. 日本人にとって苦手な発音 (using a na-adjective)\nor 日本人が苦手とする発音 (using a relative clause with a subject and a verb) would be\nbetter.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T06:26:41.263",
"id": "44658",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T06:26:41.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44656",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 44656 | 44658 | 44658 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44661",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The entire sentence is **たまに人見知り、気まぐれで人懐っこくなります、懐けばとことん懐きます。**\n\nIt was written on the profile of my friend who's from Osaka. And I think there\nmaybe some slang in this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T08:59:08.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44660",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T09:27:27.810",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20341",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of \"懐けばとことん懐きます\"",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "とことん is Osaka/Kyoto dialect and means 徹底的{てっていてき}に, thoroughly/completely.\n\nI'd translate the sentence as:\n\nSometimes I'm shy, but then I can suddenly become social; (then) if I become\nattached to someone I become completely attached.\n\nEDIT: The dictionary I looked up とことん in flagged it as dialectal with this\nusage, but looking in other sources shows it as Standard Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T09:13:36.817",
"id": "44661",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-21T09:27:27.810",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-21T09:27:27.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "20305",
"owner_user_id": "20305",
"parent_id": "44660",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 44660 | 44661 | 44661 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "44665",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a recent class, my Japanese teacher taught me the use of しも as something\nakin to a formal version of でも as in the following sentences:\n\n * いつでも暇{ひま}じゃないんですよ。\n * いつしも暇{ひま}じゃないんですよ。\n\nI was told the above sentences have the same meaning, varying only with\nformality.\n\nNow, when she wanted me to practice using しも, she gave an example that uses it\nin a completely different way from what she explained. She gave the following\nsentence:\n\n母{はは}の考{かんが}えが必{かなら}ずしも正{ただ}しいとはかぎらない。\n\nI understand the meaning. But I don't particularly understand what the use of\nしも is in this sentence. For me, the meaning stays the same whether or not しも\nis there (though this might only be because I don't really get it). My teacher\nexplained it simply as an emphasis and told me I should try making sentences\nusing しも like this on my own. But I don't see how I can try making up\nsentences when I don't really understand what it's for. No matter how much I\nsearch for しも, there is no explanation for it used as an \"emphasis\".\n\nI tried searching about 必ずしも and I found results saying it means \"not always\n(necessarily)\" and that makes sense. Does this mean then that しも acts as some\nsort of negation? If so, is it just attached to adverbs? How is it\nformed/used? If not, what is it then?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T10:19:45.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "44663",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T16:13:27.973",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-20T16:13:27.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "19357",
"owner_user_id": "17571",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage",
"nuances",
"syntax",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of しも?",
"view_count": 924
} | [
{
"body": "I'm afraid to say that いつしも is very rare, and you can use it naturally only in\nliterary sentences. ～しも was [a grammatical element in archaic\nJapanese](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%97%E3%82%82) (it was a kind of\nintensifier similar to _nothing but_ , _even_ , _necessarily_ , etc), but in\nmodern Japanese it's not possible to combine an arbitrary word with it.\n\nYou will find しも only in the following fixed expressions.\n\n * [必ずしも](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kanarazushimo)(～ない)\n * [まだしも](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=madashimo)\n * [折しも](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%8A%98%E3%81%97%E3%82%82)\n * [誰しも](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%AA%B0%E3%81%97%E3%82%82) (emphatic version of 誰も)\n * なきにしもあらず: [see this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42718/5010)\n\nThese are relatively common, and basically it's better to memorize them\nindividually. The usages are hard to generalize.\n\nいつしも is a rare emphatic version of いつも. Actually, it's so uncommon that I had\nto google to check if it is really used in modern Japanese (FWIW there is zero\nresult in [BCCWJ](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/)). There are\neven rarer words like いましも, なおしも, and さしも, but these are just emphatic\nvariations of いま, なお,\nさ([=そう](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/43302/5010)), respectively.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-03-20T11:01:49.990",
"id": "44665",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-20T11:01:49.990",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "44663",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
]
| 44663 | 44665 | 44665 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.