question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
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⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can imagine if someone is not familiar with the foreign name, it may be\ndifficult to tell where the given name ends and the surname begins. Perhaps\nthen it's better to write foreign names with spaces for clarity. What is the\nnorm in Japan?\n\nFor example, when writing the name Mary Smith, is it more common to write:\n\nスミス メアリー\n\nor\n\nスミスメアリー",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-24T17:21:56.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66207",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-05T16:37:33.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33421",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"names",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Should spaces be used when writing foreign names in katakana?",
"view_count": 1473
}
|
[
{
"body": "~~I think you'd normally keep it in the same order, first-name last-name.\nAnd~~ usually it's a dot to separate names: メアリー・スミス and an equals sign\ninstead of a dash: シャルル・アンドレ・ジョゼフ・ピエール＝マリ・ド・ゴール (Charles André Joseph Pierre-\nMarie de Gaulle).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-24T17:37:19.993",
"id": "66208",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-05T16:37:33.453",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-05T16:37:33.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "902",
"owner_user_id": "902",
"parent_id": "66207",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66207
| null |
66208
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66210",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Looking up the translation for \"illegal\", I found 違法｛いほう｝ and 不法｛ふほう｝. These\nwords seem to be quite similar. Judging from what I have found online, it\nseems 不法 is mainly used to refer to illegal immigration, trespassing, etc,\nwhereas 違法 can refer to any illegal act. Is this accurate? Is there a more\ngeneral difference in meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-24T17:40:02.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66209",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-24T18:39:45.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33304",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 違法 and 不法?",
"view_count": 496
}
|
[
{
"body": "NHK放送文化研究所 [says](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/gimon/176.html):\n\n> 「違法」と「不法」は、ほぼ同じ意味を持つことば（類義語・同義語）として使われることが多いのですが、次のようなニュアンスの違いがあります。\n>\n> 違法・・・法律に違反していること \n> 不法・・・法律に違反していること **のほかに、反社会的な行為を含む**\n>\n> このようなニュアンスの違いから、一般に放送では次のように使い分けています。\n>\n> ＜例＞違法・・・～建築 ～駐車 （○○店の）～営業 \n> 不法・・・～侵入 ～入国 （ゴミの）～投棄 価格を～につりあげる （宅地の）～造成\n\nAnd 明鏡国語辞典第2版 defines 不法 as follows:\n\n> ### 不法\n>\n> ①法律・規則などに違反していること。「広場を━に占拠する」「━侵入［就労者］」 \n> ② **人の道にはずれること。** 無法。「━な言いがかりをつける」\n\nSo 違法 only means \"to be against the law\", whereas 不法 has a stronger nuance of\n\"immoral\" or \"anti-social\". 不法 is occasionally not even illegal. For example,\n価格を不法につりあげる is not necessarily illegal even though it is immoral. On the other\nhand, decisions of courts often include sentences like Xは違法である but not Xは不法である\nbecause 違法 is more objective and unambiguous.\n\nThat said, many compounds containing 不法/無法 are fixed expressions, and you may\nhave to remember them one by one.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-24T18:39:45.637",
"id": "66210",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66209",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
66209
|
66210
|
66210
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66216",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In みんなの日本語初級I book, the word 「ことば」 is used to mean \"language\" (English,\nJapanese, Russian, etc.)\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BmqRt.png)\n\nHowever, I found 「言語」 as the most proper word for this type of language. The\nfirst variant (which is used in the book) is more for some abstract language.\n\nWhy is 「ことば」 used here instead?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-24T18:44:53.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66211",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T05:53:12.130",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T10:24:12.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Why is \"language\" represented by 言葉【ことば】 instead of 言語【げんご】 in this book for learning Japanese?",
"view_count": 795
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the word ことば is used here simply because it is an easier word. In the\nJapanese education system, the word 言語 is introduced in second grade according\nto\n[this](https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97/2%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%9F%E3%81%A7%E7%BF%92%E3%81%86%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-24T21:30:43.893",
"id": "66215",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-24T21:30:43.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33423",
"parent_id": "66211",
"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "言語 is more of an academic term, while ことば is more colloquial and accessible.\n言語 is normally used with longer compound words. Functionally, though, they\nmean the same thing.\n\nAlthough the example that you posted is technically academic, the use of\nfurigana does indicate that it is designed either for younger Japanese or for\nnon-native speakers. Hence, ことば is more accessible (as @tarkma has pointed\nout).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T00:59:20.267",
"id": "66216",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T00:59:20.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "In addition to tarkma's and BJCUAI's answers, I'd like to draw your attention\nto the header:\n\n> 国【くに】・人【ひと】・ことば\n\nAll three of these are so-called 大和【やまと】言葉【ことば】, or native-Japanese terms,\nwhich are read with the 訓読【くんよ】み. The word 言語【げんご】, meanwhile, is read with\nthe 音読【おんよ】み, and originates as a borrowing from Chinese. For a consistently\n音読【おんよ】み header of the same meaning, we could say instead:\n\n> 国家【こっか】・国民【こくみん】・言語【げんご】\n\nHowever, this comes across very differently.\n\nThe terms native to the language have a more informal, familiar, and\ncomfortable sense, while the terms borrowed from Chinese tend to be more\nformal, academic, and sometimes stilted. This is similar in some ways to\nEnglish vocabulary, where words native to English are more informal, familiar,\nand comfortable, while the terms borrowed from Latin tend to be more formal,\nacademic, and sometimes stilted.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T05:53:12.130",
"id": "66255",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T05:53:12.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66211",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
66211
|
66216
|
66216
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66218",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "下の例文で「ところであり」ってどういう意味ですか。\n\n> 例文）「そのすぐれた才能はだれもが認める **ところであり** 、巧自身、大人が相手であっても自分の球が打たれるなどとは考えていません。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-24T18:59:08.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66212",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-06T19:40:46.123",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-06T19:40:46.123",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "27805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "「認めるところである」とはどういう意味ですか。",
"view_count": 1549
}
|
[
{
"body": "明鏡国語辞典's definition is as follows:\n\n> ### ところ\n>\n> ❽《連体修飾句を受けて》 \n> ㋐その語句の表す事柄の内容の意。「それこそ私の望むところだ」「聞くところによるとこうだ」「余すところなく打ち明ける」 \n> ▶漢文で用言を体言化する助辞「所」を訓読したところから。\n\nその語句の表す事柄の内容 means \"the thing/fact that it (=the preceding relative clause)\nrepresents\". This is fairly vague :D\n\nEssentially, this ところ is very similar to こと/もの except that ところ is used only in\na few (often literary) fixed expressions. This ところ means \"thing to <verb>\" or\n\"what to <verb>\".\n\n * 望むところだ \nThat is exactly what I want! / Bring it on!\n\n * 聞くところによると… \nFrom what I heard...\n\n * 余すところなく ≒ 余すことなく \nexhaustively; every last one of ～ (literally \"without things to leave\")\n\n * 思うところがある \nto have one's reasons; to have a (certain) idea\n\nSo this 認めるところである is roughly the same as 認めることである. The first half of the\nsentence means \"(His) excellent talent is something everyone acknowledges\".\n\nSee Also:\n\n * [What does 望むところだ mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/56742/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T03:05:07.797",
"id": "66218",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T03:05:07.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66212",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
66212
|
66218
|
66218
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66214",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How does the conditional + 一緒 structure work?\n\nThis person ate a raw prawn and was then berated by his friends in the\nfollowing exchange.\n\n> 「さ、さすがに生は……どうかと思うぞ」\n>\n> 「残酷な食べ方ね」\n>\n> 「残酷も何も…… **口に入れれば一緒** だと思うんだけどな」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-24T19:26:52.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66213",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-24T21:08:01.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "How does the conditional（れば） + 一緒 structure work?",
"view_count": 78
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is not a special grammar pattern. This 一緒 means \"the same\" or \"makes no\ndifference\" rather than \"together\". See the third definition\n[here](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%B8%80%E7%B7%92).\n\n> 口に入れれば一緒だと思うんだけどな \n> Well, I think that (=eating something raw) makes no difference if/once it\n> has been put into the mouth.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-24T21:08:01.970",
"id": "66214",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66213
|
66214
|
66214
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66237",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 外套に **すぐ** シャツを着た男\n\nIs すぐ there with its usual connotations of “close by, right there”? I can’t\nmake sense of this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T02:58:32.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66217",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T16:35:24.540",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T13:43:37.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Help with すぐ in a sentence",
"view_count": 144
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 外套に **すぐ** シャツを着た男\n\nI think the すぐ means \"directly\".\n\nI understand the phrase as: \"a man wearing only an undershirt under a coat\"\n(wearing nothing between the undershirt and the coat).\n\nBut I think it'd be more natural/common to say it as 「外套 **のすぐ下に** シャツを着た男」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T16:22:44.217",
"id": "66237",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T16:35:24.540",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T16:35:24.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "66217",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
66217
|
66237
|
66237
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66222",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "```\n\n A社の社長\n ↑\n A社のプロジェクトマネージャー\n ↑\n 私 ↑：許可を依頼する\n \n```\n\n私は作業を始める前、お客さん（A社）の許可を待っています。\n\nA社のプロジェクトマネージャーが先週「社長に許可を依頼する」と言ってましたが、期日が近づいてますのでどうなったかを知りたいです。\n\nつまり、「許可が来ましたか？」をA社のプロジェクトマネージャーに聞きたいです。もちろん尊敬語などを使わないといけません。\n\n周りへの影響が大きい作業なので、単純に「作業を始めてよろしいでしょうか」と聞くと「待って！社長の許可が必要と言ったよ」と思われそうです。そして、曖昧な言い方をせずに、少し積極的にA社の中で動いてるかどうかを聞きたい気持ちがあります。\n\n「許可が来ましたでしょうか」はなんとなく違和感あります。「許可が参りましたか」も間違ってるだろうと思いますが、どう書けば良いですか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T03:39:57.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66221",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-19T02:58:01.883",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T13:23:21.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "「許可が来ましたか？」の尊敬語",
"view_count": 158
}
|
[
{
"body": "許可 (\"permission\") is an inanimate noun, so it's hard to use an\nhonorific/humble verb if it's a subject. Both 許可がいらっしゃった and 許可が参った sound\nfunny. If you need, it's fine to say まだ御社社長からの許可が来ていません without an honorific\nverb. You can also use ございます and say まだ御社社長からの許可がございません, すでに社長の許可はございますでしょうか,\netc. Alternatively, 許可 is also a suru-verb, so you can say\n御社社長は許可していただけましたでしょうか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T04:01:04.250",
"id": "66222",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T04:06:06.643",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T04:06:06.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66221",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "A Japanese colleague just suggested me this, so I post it as an alternative:\n\n> 許可の連絡は来ましたでしょうか？\n\nI am a bit surprised that it is not `ご連絡`, but I guess there is some reason\nfor that...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T04:57:24.677",
"id": "66223",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-19T02:58:01.883",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-19T02:58:01.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "107",
"parent_id": "66221",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
66221
|
66222
|
66222
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66228",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need some help understanding the below conversation. A bit of context before\nthis:\n\n * JD asked them to go somewhere and 'call' him when they arrive (he can use powers to realize they are trying to contact him if they say his name and then he can use telepathy to talk to them).\n\nI'll put my understanding of the passage below.\n\n> Character 1「 じゃあJDに連絡しましょう」\n>\n> Character 2「了解だ。JD様、JD様、どうぞおいでください」\n>\n> Character 3「いや、呼んでも来るわけじゃないぞ。完全にこっくりさんみたいになっているじゃないか」\n>\n> JD『そもそも「はい」と「いいえ」の書かれた紙がなければボケられぬであろうが』\n>\n> Character 1「そっちはそっちで連絡入れる前の話が **筒抜け** みたいなんですけど」\n>\n> JD『ぐ、偶然じゃ。それで場所には着いたのか』\n\nFrom what I can see it starts with character 2 calling to him with\n\n> \"JD様、JD様、どうぞおいでください\"\n\nis the same way used to contact the spirit kokkuri san\n\n> \"コックリさん、コックリさん、おいでください\".\n\nCharacter 3 (liberal translation) - Even if you call him, he won't 'come'\nhere. What do you think we are trying to do, call a kokkuri-san?\n\nJD - How am I meant to \"boke\" if there is no piece of paper with \"Yes\" and\n\"No\" written on it?\n\nHowever, I am confused about what character 1 says next.\n\nLooking online it looks like 筒抜け has two definitions:\n\n> １ 物音や話し声が、そのまま他の人に聞こえること。また、秘密の内容などがそっくり他に漏れてしまうこと。\n>\n> ２ 人の話などが頭の中にとどまらないで通りぬけてしまうこと\n\nBased on context I don't see how #2 would make any sense, so it most likely is\n#1 however I'm not quite sure what she is saying. Is she saying that they\ncould hear JD before he made contact with them or something else?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T09:47:04.183",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66225",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-23T12:50:56.707",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-23T12:50:56.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "33417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 連絡入れる前の話が筒抜け in this exchange?",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes this 筒抜け is used in the sense #1. The funny part of this conversion is\nthat, even though people were trying to summon JD, he had been \"there\" from\nthe beginning, listening to them, and he could even make a natural _tsukkomi_\nto Character 2. Read it like this (it's free translation):\n\n> **Character 3** (to Character 2): No, JD won't come here if you call him\n> (like that). What you're doing is almost like kokkuri-san (rather than a\n> proper way to summon him)!\n>\n> **JD** (to Character 2): And how does such a boke/joke make sense in the\n> first place, when there is no piece of paper with \"Yes\" and \"No\" written on\n> it?\n>\n> **Character 1** (to JD): Oh, looks like there's another funny thing. You\n> were listening to everything even though we haven't tried to (properly)\n> contact you yet...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T11:28:23.120",
"id": "66228",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T12:58:37.003",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66225",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
66225
|
66228
|
66228
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66227",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw on some restaurants `ramen` is written like `ラーメン`, but sometimes like\n`らーめん`. Seems like both are correct, but I'm confused which variant should I\nuse when I write about this meal. Does it depend on context? Also I saw the\nsame about `ぴかぴか/ピカピカ`。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4TITW.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EZeYs.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T10:04:02.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66226",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T13:33:14.550",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T10:55:54.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"word-usage",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Why sometimes the same words are used in hiragana and katakana?",
"view_count": 2095
}
|
[
{
"body": "The \"proper\" way to write this word is ラーメン because it's a relatively recent\nChinese loanword. You can easily confirm this fact using any dictionary.\n\nBut ラーメン has evolved in a unique way in Japan in the last 100 years or so to\nthe point where [it may be called a Japanese\ndish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramen). And some old and \"Japanized\"\nloanwords are written in hiragana as if they were native Japanese concepts.\n\n * [Why is たばこ written in hiragana instead of katakana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33032/5010)\n\nラーメン is not as old as たばこ or てんぷら, and writing ラーメン in hiragana is still far\nfrom standard. But some people may choose to write it in hiragana to make it\n\"different\" in some way or another. Judging from the appearance of the\nrestaurant, maybe the designer wanted to express the nuance of \" _the\ntraditional Japanese-style_ ramen\". Some other Chinese dishes popularized in\nJapan can be written in kanji, katakana and sometimes hiragana (e.g., 焼売 =\nシューマイ = しゅうまい, 餃子 = ギョーザ = ぎょうざ).\n\nAside from this, hiragana and katakana are used arbitrarily for various\naesthetic purposes. Each alphabet has its own \"feel\" or \"impression\" shared\namong Japanese speakers.\n\n * [ニッポン? Why Kana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17799/5010) -- 日本 is written in katakana because it looks more \"international\"\n * [Why is Toyota typically written in Katakana? (トヨタ)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/31078/5010) -- 豊田 is written in katakana because it looks \"hi-tech\"\n * [Why is the place's official name written as \"なら工藝館\" (rather than \"奈良工藝館\")?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/35785/5010) -- 奈良 is written in hiragana because it looks more \"friendly\"\n * [What does it mean for the 'feel' of a sentence / text when it's written in all hiragana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15108/5010) -- Sometimes a whole sentence is written in all-hiragana to make it look \"cute\"\n * [Why are katakana preferred over hiragana or kanji sometimes?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1930/5010)\n * [Why is the word オタク written in katakana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/46870/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T11:02:50.437",
"id": "66227",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T13:33:14.550",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T13:33:14.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66226",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66226
|
66227
|
66227
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Does bajutsu 馬術 refer to the use of weapons on horseback, or less specifically\nthe art of the horse riding and horsemanship?\n\nI'm trying to work out if bajutsu is the horse equivalent to kyūjutsu 弓術,\nkenjutsu 剣術 and sōjutsu 槍術.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T11:37:33.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66229",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T18:41:48.303",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T12:57:35.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33431",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese phrase for \"art of the horse\"?",
"view_count": 186
}
|
[
{
"body": "My dictionary (imiwa on iOS, which I believe inherits from one of the online\nstandard dictionaries) lists 馬術 as the English \"equestrian\". Meaning, the\nanswer would be the latter of your 2 suppositions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T15:29:14.443",
"id": "66236",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T15:29:14.443",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11449",
"parent_id": "66229",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "As I understand it from Japanese Wikipedia 馬術 article, it means equestrianism\nnowadays, but until 1871, only samurai were allowed to train it, and it\nbelonged to the 武芸十八般 (bugei juuhappan), the 18 martial arts originating in\nChina, of which 弓術 (kyuujutsu), 剣術 (kenjutsu) ... also were a part.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T18:41:48.303",
"id": "66239",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T18:41:48.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32227",
"parent_id": "66229",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66229
| null |
66236
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This phrase is from a jrpg set in feudal japan. Is \"わけわかんねーよ!\" some shortened\ncasual form of speech? Is わかんね is short for わからない? What is the grammar for it?\nIs it right to translate it like \"I don't understand meaning!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T14:43:29.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66233",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T15:20:13.157",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T14:54:55.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "25746",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Is \"わけわかんねーよ!\" some shorten casual form of speech?",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is a casual / informal / slang version of the following:\n\n> 訳{わけ}が分{わ}かりませんよ That doesn't make sense! / I don't get it / I don't\n> understand.\n\nThe 'slang' part is changing the plain negative わからない to わかんねー. Changing the\nない part of a verb to ねー is a common usage in informal Japanese. That would\nresult in わからねー, but it can be further 'informalized' by changing the ら to ん\nto give わかんねー. This doesn't work for all verbs as there are specific phonemic\ncircumstances in which it is permitted. By the way, if the setting is feudal\nJapan, this might be an example of an anachronistic use of the phrase, since\nthe language sounds more like modern Japanese than Middle Japanese.\n\nAs for the grammar, it is a simple case of:\n\n```\n\n Subject (訳), subject marker (が), verb negative (分からない), emphasis particle (よ)\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T15:20:13.157",
"id": "66234",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T15:20:13.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "66233",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66233
| null |
66234
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66244",
"answer_count": 6,
"body": "**Context:**\n\nI am currently on a quest to learn how to hand write the 2000 most commonly\nused Kanji. This requires lots of memorization, so efficiency is important.\n\nI have come across Kanji that have strokes with little \"extra tails\", created\nfrom a slightly extra-long stroke. I found that they are often referred to as\nはね. Or in English, they can be called \"jumps\". For example:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9r7wF.png)\n\nWhen splitting this kanji into three separate parts:\n\n * the left part has two jumps on the bottom, with the left tail being slightly longer\n * the upper right part has no jumps\n * the lower right part has two jumps on the bottom, of equal length.\n\n**Question:**\n\nHow important are the jumps?\n\nWhen handwriting Kanji, does it matter if these jumps are of the correct\nlength? Would the Kanji still be understandable without correct jumps? Would\nnatives find it annoying, for example, if I didn't include the jumps at all?\n\nI am asking because the less little things I have to memorize, the faster I\ncan learn the Kanji.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T18:35:41.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66238",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T01:09:38.873",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-25T22:22:26.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "33439",
"owner_user_id": "33439",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 20,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Is exact Kanji stroke length important?",
"view_count": 7979
}
|
[
{
"body": "This has more to do with strokes and stroke order. Some fonts will show these,\nothers not. Some will even show such 'tails' in the middle of a stroke.\n\nPay attention only if it helps you to get the kanji (especially strokes and\nstroke order) right.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T18:46:09.023",
"id": "66241",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T18:46:09.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"parent_id": "66238",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Notice how in some fonts, the letter \"A\" has little things that stick out,\ntoo:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JBcRK.png)\n\nBut you wouldn't write those little tails in handwriting, would you?\n\nSame thing with 唱. I don't think I've met anyone who writes them with the\n\"jumps\". This is how I'd write 唱:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9Xy0A.png)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T20:08:47.097",
"id": "66243",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T20:08:47.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18200",
"parent_id": "66238",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 21
},
{
"body": "> These \"jumps\" that you brought up are not part of the kanji, they are part\n> of the typeface.\n\n_(More specifically, they may be treated like serifs - or little decorations\nat the edge of certain lines)_ _(see drooze's and Sweeper's answers)_\n\nWhen you are learning kanji, you should **definitely not** be copying or\nreferencing printed characters. You should learn from hand-written characters.\nThe basics of how to write kanji are not taught or learned from printed or\ntypeface forms.\n\nThe best online reference I know of for hand-written Japanese characters is\n<https://kakijun.jp/>\n\n * 唱 → <https://kakijun.jp/page/1118200.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T20:09:46.527",
"id": "66244",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T01:09:38.873",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-27T01:09:38.873",
"last_editor_user_id": "7055",
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "66238",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 21
},
{
"body": "Not to take away from the general idea of the other answers, but those\nprotrusions on the bottom end of「唱」are not _serifs_.\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QfbER.png)\n>\n> _Noto sans CJK_ , a **sans-serif** font - sans-serif means _without serifs_.\n>\n> These protrusions have been present since one-pixel wide bitmap fonts - I\n> presume their purpose is to enhance legibility.\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/O3ALI.png)\n\nThe font displayed in the question is classed as an [East Asian Gothic\ntypeface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_Gothic_typeface). In\ngeneral, [Ming typeface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_\\(typefaces\\)) and\nits derivatives like Gothic typeface are unsuitable for handwriting imitation.\nPlease see [Is there an \"official\" font or other writing standard that should\nbe used when teaching\nkanji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18782/is-there-an-\nofficial-font-or-other-writing-standard-that-should-be-used-when-t) and make\nuse of [handwriting previews](https://www.fonts.com/font/ricoh/hg-kyokashotai)\nif you want to copy a style resembling handwriting.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T04:52:43.187",
"id": "66254",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T11:44:20.993",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "66238",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "Since nobody has mentioned how you should actually write 唱, let me add a\npicture from a \"textbook font\" (教科書体) (see [Is there an \"official\" font or\nother writing standard that should be used when teaching\nkanji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18782/1628))\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Hg760.png)\n\nYou can follow the shape, but when writing with a pen, the \"serifs\" or \"jumps\"\nare sometimes less visible and usually the middle \"bar\" in 日 does not touch\nthe right vertical stroke. (To see what I mean in other characters, see for\nexample [this\nsite](https://%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E5%AD%97%E8%AC%9B%E5%BA%A7.com/e0067.html).)\n\nI couldn't find a picture of 唱, so here is what I mean:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JNinW.png)\n\n(Sorry for the subpar handwriting and the cheap pen.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T11:18:58.830",
"id": "66262",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T11:18:58.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "66238",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "Please keep in mind that kanji are traditionally practiced using a brush,\nrather than a pen or pencil. The tails are a result of correct brush usage, as\neach stroke may have it's open predefined nuance or flair.\n\nSee this article on calligraphy, or shodo:\n<https://www.japanvisitor.com/japanese-culture/language/japanese-shodo>\n\nIt is very useful to be familiar with these basics, but it is unnecessarily\ntime consuming to attempt to have perfect calligraphy form all the time. The\nsimplified, cursive examples provided by others in this thread exemplify how\nthe calligraphy techniques, when sped up, act as a type of shorthand used to\nsave time.\n\nI recommend jisho.org for their hand written stroke order animations:\n\n[https://jisho.org/search/家%20%23kanji](https://jisho.org/search/%E5%AE%B6%20%23kanji)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T12:35:37.530",
"id": "66263",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T12:35:37.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33452",
"parent_id": "66238",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
66238
|
66244
|
66243
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "These two characters are discussing ヒューバート in the below, and about how he\nlacks self awareness. However I am not sure why 気にされる was used instead of 気にする\nhere. I know that される can be used as an honorific version of する. However\nknowing the character that is talking, I highly doubt that this is an\nhonorific usage (although I could be wrong)\n\n> ヒューバート「あんまり偉い人が来ないなら俺たちも気楽で良いな」\n>\n> Person 1「ヒューバートって自分の立ち位置をよく理解していないわよね」\n>\n> Person 2「まあ、気にされるよりは良いだろう」",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T18:42:51.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66240",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-03T02:01:05.407",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-26T00:52:03.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33440",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Why 気にされる instead of 気にする?",
"view_count": 634
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't get much of the context, nor how the character's attitudes relate to\neach other, but I were to say something,「気にされる」is used to infer that \"...it's\nbetter for ヒューバート to not take notice of **Person 1** and **Person 2** (because\nit could be 面倒くさい, awkward, clunky, faux pas...etc for them).\n\n気にされる action comes from ヒューバード, and it's better for him to not come and take\nnotice of Person 1 and 2 because it's meddlesome, fearful (whatever the\nemotion is here). If ヒューバードー doesn't come, we can maintain our 気楽-like state.\n\nTo better understand 気にされる、think of a student being looked down up by a\nteacher. There is a power difference here, a hierarchical difference, and\nalthough you may not be able to disagree with your teacher directly, you have\nalternate means of talking behind the teacher's back to avoid confrontations.\nAlthough Western culture values individualism and directness, Japanese value\nharmony and group cohesion, hence a tendency to be in a state of 気にする when the\nhierarchical nature of the Japanese culture makes it difficult to express your\nown opinion.\n\nSo they are 「気にする」（気にしている）, but they expressed it in a way that, simply\nstated, \"that it would be bothersome/troublesome/meddlesome/気にする\" to be 気にされる\nby ヒューバート (assuming he is of higher status). This is supported by the first\nsentence: 「あんまり偉い人が来ないなら俺たちも気楽で良いな」\n\nApologies for redundancies, but I hoped it served to help you understand!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-04-30T05:25:29.363",
"id": "76944",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-30T05:25:29.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38768",
"parent_id": "66240",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
66240
| null |
76944
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have come across a sentence which I do not know if I understand correctly.\n\n> すべて の コイン を もらえる の です か？\n\nI know that in this sentence the speaker asks if he wins/receives all of the\ncoins, but I am not sure if I understand the structure and logic of it.\n\nSo far I know the particle \"の\" as a marker of possession or like the genitive\nlike in the beginning of the sentence (\"all of the coins\"). But I did not\nunderstand why there is another \"の\" before \"です か\". I found out that \"の\" is\nalso used to nominalize a verb. In this case this seems to be \"もらえる の\". But in\nuse with \"です\" I think it is again used as verb. I have doubts if my\ninterpretation is correct, because this seems to be too complicated.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T19:21:26.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66242",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T19:21:26.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33441",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Can you nominalize a verb and then use it again as verb by combining with です?",
"view_count": 83
}
|
[] |
66242
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66251",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In one panel in 犬夜叉１, the character says:\n\n> よし、こんなもんか。\n\n\n\nHe says that after digging up a hole to hide his fellow.\n\nI suppose that もんか is a contraction of ものか. As far as I know, that should\ncarry a meaning of irony (as if this…). It doesn’t, however, fit there. It was\nhis idea to dig that hole, there was no discussion about it, no objections. No\nconversation on that topic preceded.\n\nAnother meaning of ものか I found was to express a surprise. That fits there even\nless.\n\nIn the context, something like\n\n> So, this should be enough. (The hole is big/deep enough already.)\n\nwould fit there. But that doesn’t match the Japanese version. Or does it? Is\nthere some meaning of the ものか (or even just もんか) I’m just unaware of?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T20:46:49.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66245",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T00:22:34.470",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Alternative meaning of ものか",
"view_count": 233
}
|
[
{
"body": "* こんな this is how \n * もん _(it is)_\n * か I guess\n\n> \"I guess this about as good as it's going to get\"\n\nIt seems to me like「もの」is here to intensify the utterance by adding a nuance\nof disbelief or disappointment.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T21:49:09.190",
"id": "66247",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-25T21:49:09.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "66245",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "「よし、」indicates a sense of completion or at least minimal satisfaction with the\nresult of one's labor. If this part were to be translated here, I would do it\nas 'Alright,'.\n\n「こんなもんか」is an common expression, often said to oneself (独り{ひとり}言{ごと}).\n\nこんなもの・こんなもん is expressing the idea 'The way it is' or 'the way it should be'.\nNot necessarily a ringing endorsement of his own work, just a sense that 'it\nis the way it is' (i.e. 'good enough').\n\nThe か is more of a rhetorical device, as in 'isn't it' or in this case 'I\nguess'. No question mark necessary.\n\n'Alright, I guess that is good enough.' or 'Alright, I guess that's (about)\nit.'.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T00:22:34.470",
"id": "66251",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 7
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] |
66245
|
66251
|
66251
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The question is are these two pronounced the same.\n\nIf they are how would one know how to spell them.\n\nThis applies to any case of ウ vs 一.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T21:09:48.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66246",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T06:13:12.127",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32926",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Are they the same: コショウ vs コショー",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "**胡椒** , **こしょう** , **コショウ** and **コショー** refer to the same thing, and they\nare pronounced the same. The \"standard\" or \"textbook\" spelling is 胡椒 or こしょう,\nbut コショウ and コショー are also widely used in the field of cooking.\n\nBefore explaining why, let's review the basic rule first. In general,\ntraditional [kango](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary)\nborrowed from Chinese more than hundreds of years ago are spelled in kanji, or\nsometimes hiragana, without long vowel markers. Recent loanwords are [mostly\nfrom Western countries](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60894/5010), and\nthey are spelled using katakana and long vowel markers.\n\nHowever, there are also some **recent Chinese loanwords** which came into use\nin Japan in the last 150 years or so. Many of them are names of Chinese food.\nThey are usually written in katakana or kanji, and there can be more than one\nkatakana spelling:\n\n * シュウマイ = シューマイ = 焼売 = [shumai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shumai)\n * ギョウザ = ギョーザ = 餃子 = [gyoza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozi#Gy%C5%8Dza)\n * トウバンジャン = トーバンジャン = 豆板醤 = [doubanjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubanjiang)\n * ホイコウロウ = ホイコーロー = 回鍋肉 = [huíguōròu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twice-cooked_pork)\n\nThese can be seen as exceptional, \"gray-area\" cases between old kango and new\nloanwords. Such words are small in number, so you don't have to worry too much\nwhile you are a beginner.\n\nRegarding 胡椒, it is an old kango (Wikipedia says it was first introduced from\nChina to Japan circa 8th century), which is why it is normally spelled in\nkanji/hiragana. But since many Chinese food names are spelled using katakana\nand long vowel markers today, it started to be spelled as コショウ/コショー, too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T01:45:43.037",
"id": "66252",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66246",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
66246
| null |
66252
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66250",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Looking online it looks like it means either:\n\n 1. 他の者を服従させる威力\n 2. ある分野において優れたものとして信頼されていること。その分野で、知識や技術が抜きんでて優れていると一般に認められていること。また、その人。オーソリティー。\n\nObviously definition one doesn't make any sense in context, however I am not\nquite sure if the second definition fits this situation. Can this word be used\nto refer to products for sale that are one step above the competition (for\nexample water that is good for your health, etc...).\n\n> Character\n> 1「ちなみに、この井戸の水を詰めて、他領地に売る商売なんかもあるわよ。飲むと健康にいい気がする、お米が美味しく炊ける気がする、植物の成長が早くなる気がすると言った効果で大人気なんだとか」\n>\n> Character 2「全部気がする、なんだな……」\n>\n> Character 3「そこまで商魂たくましいと、さすがに教会に怒られる気がする……」\n>\n> Character 1「 **権威がつけば** ある程度は売れちゃうからねぇ」\n>\n> Character 4「ど、どうなんでしょうね……」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-25T22:30:40.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66248",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T03:41:19.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 権威 mean when referring to goods?",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context, 権威 refers to famous people, places or organizations which can\nendorse the quality of the goods. 権威を付ける (or 権威付け) refers to the assurance or\nrecommendation from such entities.\n\nNear the end of a movie trailer, we often see comments showing how the movie\nis appreciated, e.g., \"Best Sci-Fi Ever -- ABC Report\", \"Nominated for five\nXYZ Awards\". Here \"ABC Report\" and \"XYZ Awards\" are 権威, and such comments are\ncalled 権威付け.\n\nIn your example, if this water is coming from a famous place, the place name\nitself can be a 権威. お米が美味しく炊ける itself is not a 権威, but if the church\nrecommends the water saying this, it is called a 権威付け because the church is a\n権威.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T00:09:23.807",
"id": "66250",
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"score": 5
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66248
|
66250
|
66250
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading a selection from [A Japanese\nReader](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0804816476) and am\ntrying to figure out the meaning of this passage, especially the usage of\n「これに変わって」:\n\n> 古い行事のすべてをそのままに行うことは生活様式が異なってきた今日{こんにち}、無理であろうし、そのまま行う必要もない。新しい生活に即した行事が\n> **これに変わって** 生じてくることも意義があろう。\n\nIn the notes, it says that 「これ」 refers to 「古い行事のすべて」 but what trips me up is\nthe use of 「に変わって」— does this mean “change into” as in 「新しい生活に即した行事」changes\ninto 「古い行事のすべて」(which does not make much sense to me), or does 「に変わって」actually\nmean something like “instead” in this case? If so, is 「に変わって」a typo, or an\nacceptable replacement for 「に代わって・に替わって」(I admit that I am not 100% sure about\nwhich character is better here).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T02:03:56.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66253",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-14T03:16:03.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33409",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Understanding this usage of 「〜に変わって」",
"view_count": 147
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, it's a typo. It should be 代わって.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-09-14T03:16:03.507",
"id": "90325",
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66253
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90325
|
{
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"body": "I've been studying Japanese for about 3 years, passed N1 last December (was\nnot expecting that) and wanted to brush off one of the biggest questions I've\never had on Kanji (bugging me for about 2 of the 3 years). You see, there's\nthis Weird Kanji on this rock that I can't seem to find anywhere else:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LK74i.png)\n\nThe second two say 大山{だいせん}, which is already 表外読み, so this is obviously a\nrather old inscription I'd assume.\n\nI've tried looking this kanji up everywhere, such as on\n<https://www.kanjipedia.jp/sakuin/soukakusu/4> (which tbh doesn't even have\nthat many kanji, only those needed for 漢検一級 and a little more) and\n<https://kanji.jitenon.jp/> which claims to have 12,300 kanji entries. No luck\nthough.\n\nI've even looked through Chinese Hanzi dictionaries to see if it's some old\nform or whatever. The closest I've come is\n<http://www.zdic.net/z/86/js/20A2C.htm> which is supposedly a variant of\n巵{さかずき} which means \"sake cup\". Pretty sure this mountain has nothing to do\nwith Sake Cups.\n\nHonestly it's probably lurking somewhere in the Daikanwajiten, but I don't\nreally have that huge thing at home (nor in my city I think)\n\nI did find this though: <http://www.zdic.net/z/8b/wy/21BC3.htm> It seems like\na pretty lonely hanzi/kanji, with no definition of any sort... I went to the\n\"web discussion\" on the hanzi, and some user talked about stone\ninscriptions... Does any Kanji God know what this Kanji means/is?\n\nThanks everyone!\n\nEdit: I realised that the user in the discussion was actually stating\ndictionaries of characters (I assume those that contain the mystery\ncharacter). These included 興聖寺四十人等造碑像記, 增訂碑別字, 碑別字新編, and 異體字字典 廣碑別字, the\nlatter of which led me to an online 異体字 database.\n\n<http://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/variants/rbt/word_attribute.rbt?quote_code=QTAxMTUxLTAwNQ>\n\noh. This was an archaic 異体字 of 左 all along. How whimsical. At least now I know\nthat this is on the left of the mountain, instead of having to mentally\nassociate the mountain with sake cups.\n\nGeez. And there's like 8 variants of 左.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T05:57:30.680",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66256",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-30T07:10:54.873",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-26T06:10:08.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "33445",
"owner_user_id": "33445",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "Unknown Kanji on Mountain Rock",
"view_count": 380
}
|
[
{
"body": "Some follow-up detail.\n\n### The kanji, the full term, and the reading\n\nChocolate [commented on the initial\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/66256/unknown-kanji-on-\nmountain-rock/66339#comment113901_66256) that she'd found a [blog\npost](https://194116410.at.webry.info/200801/article_29.html) with more\ninformation about the location of the stela:\n\n> 丸山の道標・常夜燈 \n> 所在地～伯耆町丸山(集落の東)\n>\n> 丸山の集落から約５００ｍ東へ行ったところに、三角形の大きな自然石に「左大山」の文字が彫られた道標がある。\n\nThe post includes a picture of this same stela, albeit at a different time of\nyear:\n\n\n\nSo we can tell that the `㔫`大山 of the stela is interpreted by this other author\nto be equivalent to `左`大山.\n\nSince this is indeed in Tottori Prefecture, we know that the 大山 is indeed read\nas だいせん, and not as おおやま.\n\n### The specific location: what does 㔫・左 refer to in this context?\n\nFor any map geeks reading this, I tracked down the exact location. This link\nshould open in Street View, looking roughly east by southeast, showing the 㔫大山\ncarved stone on the left.\n\n<https://www.google.com/maps/@35.3874357,133.4647645,3a,37.5y,119.3h,89.41t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1swQqLxtZgS079a2aeIV02zg!2e0!7i13312!8i6656>\n\nSometimes Google is awesome. Being able to find this obscure location in\nStreet View was really cool.\n\n * However, as you can see by [viewing this location in Google's overhead view](https://www.google.com/maps/place/35%C2%B023'14.6%22N+133%C2%B027'53.6%22E/@35.3873971,133.4637797,422m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x0:0x0!7e2!8m2!3d35.3873958!4d133.4648744) and zooming out, this is not _\"on the left of the mountain\"_ , as the OP guessed: this is on the flats along the Sada River, roughly 4km from the base of 大山. So the 㔫・左 cannot mean that we're on the left of the mountain.\n\n * In order to get to 大山 via the old 大山参詣道, as described in that [blog post](https://194116410.at.webry.info/200801/article_29.html), one would continue east on this road and turn left at the next intersection to follow along what is now Route 36. Then again, the intersection is some 200m past the stela, so I don't think the 㔫・左 refers to turning left either.\n\n * Nor is 大山 on the left-hand side of the road. In fact, it's visible almost dead ahead straight along this road (although the road doesn't go all the way to the mountain). So the 㔫・左 also doesn't mean that 大山 is on the left.\n\n### Conclusion\n\nThe 㔫 does seem to be just an alternative form of 左. But, ultimately, I'm\nbaffled what the 㔫・左 part of the stela is intended to mean. I'm curious if\nanyone can shed some light on that.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T07:10:54.873",
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66256
| null |
66339
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{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've heard two variants, 東学 and アジア研究. Is there any difference between them?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T10:19:56.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66260",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-06T06:06:02.753",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-27T14:15:55.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33450",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the better way to say 'Asian Studies'?",
"view_count": 1365
}
|
[
{
"body": "東学【とうがく】 may literally mean \"Eastern Studies\", but in actual usage, it refers\nspecifically to _Donghak_ , a movement in Korea that started in 1860. The\n[English Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donghak) describes\nit as \"an academic movement\", whereas the [Japanese Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%AD%A6) calls it a\n新宗教【しんしゅうきょう】 or \"new religion\".\n\nMeanwhile, アジア研究【けんきゅう】 just literally means \"Asia(n) research / Asia(n)\nstud(y|ies)\".\n\nSo unless you really want to confuse the heck out of people, don't use the\nterm 東学 to refer to \"Asian Studies\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T15:38:58.040",
"id": "66264",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T14:16:17.687",
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"score": 8
},
{
"body": "There are differences between 学{がく} and 研究{けんきゅう} that may help to understand\nhow these are used.\n\n学{がく} is used for an academic field of study or a class in school or\nuniversity. For example, 生物{せいぶつ}学{がく} is \"biology\" and 学{がく}生{せい} is\n\"student\". In this respect 学{がく} is used like \"-ology\" to mark a field of\nstudy or expertise (but more broadly than in English1). A field marked with\n学{がく} can be taught or learned (so it uses the same kanji as \"learning\"\n学{まな}ぶ).\n\n研究{けんきゅう} is used for research such as academic research and graduate studies.\nFor example, 生物{せいぶつ}研究{けんきゅう} is a \"biological research\" and 研究{けんきゅう}者{しゃ}\nis a \"researcher\". This cannot be taught but is the subject of a study or\ninvestigation (or doing \"research\" 研究{けんきゅう}する).\n\nIn this respect, アジア学{がく} or アジア研究{けんきゅう} both mean \"Asia studies\" (the study\nof and research of Asia2 respectively). However, these are both very vague so\n\"I'm studying Asia\" would only be understood in the context of people already\nknowing what you study (culture, wildlife, business, etc). It would be\nrecommended to be more specific, for example:\n\nアジア文科{ぶんか} or アジア文{ぶん}学{がく} for Asian literature\n\nアジア文化{ぶんか}研究{けんきゅう} for research of Asian culture\n\nアジア人類{じんるい}学{がく} for study of Asian anthropology\n\nYou should not use 東{とう}学{がく} in this context as it has a different meaning3.\n\n* * *\n\nNote 1. My expertise is in the STEM fields so I may have terminology of the\nHumanities wrong. However, any fields of study or research can be described\nwith 学{がく} and 研究{けんきゅう}.\n\nNote 2. Japan does not view itself as part of (mainland) Asia in many\ncontexts, アジア is often used to refer developing countries in South East Asia\nin Japanese. China, Korea, or India would normally be specified.\n\nNote 3. 東{とう}学{がく} literally means \"study of the East\" but is not a field of\nstudy. It's a religious movement based in Korea, similar to how western\nreligions use terminology for learning such as \"scientology\" or\n\"enlightenment\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T09:10:09.397",
"id": "66278",
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"score": 4
}
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66260
| null |
66264
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{
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"body": "～そんなテーマをもとに、コミュニティデザイナーの半沢直子さんがホスト役となって、各界で活躍する人たちと公開対談を行いました。\n\nIn this sentence they use と instead of に when they say 「ホスト役となって」\n\nDoes this change the translation from 'became a host'? And how does the\nmeaning change - does it imply that this is the context under which she was\nworking as for the following part of the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T11:18:29.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66261",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T12:22:17.510",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-26T12:22:17.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "33451",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Why is となって used here instead of になって",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[] |
66261
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66266",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My question here is about whether the speaker is talking about the 戦士たち in\nthis sentence, or perhaps someone not mentioned. One of the reasons I am not\nsure if he is talking about the 戦士たち is because I wasn't aware if 送り届ける could\nbe used if the object was already on their way to their destination.\n\nA bit of pre context, just right before below extract they used a 冷却剤 to cool\nthe land so that it could be crossed.\n\n> Character 1「これで渡れるようになったのですか？」\n>\n> 秀穂「さすがに範囲が広いからな。 もうちょっと待ってくれ」\n>\n> Character 2「ふむ、このまま待つか……」\n>\n> 猿雷「ここは拙者に任せておけ」\n>\n> Character 2「うわぁああっ！」\n>\n> 猿雷「それほどまでに驚く理由が分からん」\n>\n> Character 1「猿雷さんも応援に来てくれたのですね」\n>\n> 猿雷「左様、ここが渡れるように成り次第、斥候の役目を果たすつもりだ」\n>\n> Character 2「ふむ、じゃあ任せて良いか」\n>\n> 猿雷「任された。お主たちは公爵に報告するが良い」\n>\n> Character 2「了解だ」\n>\n> Character 2「秀穂も一緒に来る？」\n>\n> 秀穂「いや、俺はここで冷却剤の効果を確認しておく」\n>\n> 猿雷「戦士たちもこちらに向かっているゆえ、責任を持って送り届けよう」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T15:40:28.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Who is being referred to in 責任を持って送り届けよう?",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "Judging from that the fact that Character 2 is going to leave this position to\n猿雷, and then 猿雷 lets them go for reporting to 公爵, it is highly probable that\nthis 送り届ける means escorting the team including Character 2 back to some home\nbase or to 公爵.\n\nThe subject of the verb, however, is unspecific within this context. It may or\nmay not be some of 戦士 coming on the way, or 猿雷 intended the abstract \"we\",\nthat is, the faction or group 猿雷 belongs to.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T17:21:18.233",
"id": "66266",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T14:19:28.910",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-27T14:19:28.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "66265",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
66265
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66266
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66266
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read a line in a book where the speaker is berating another party.\n\n> 悪く言われてるのは、誰のせいだと思ってやがる。お前が微温いこと言ってるからだろうが\n\nI can't figure out the appropriate way to parse this without understanding the\ncorrect usage of 微温い.\n\nIs the speaker saying the other guy talks about stupid things perhaps?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T18:12:39.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66267",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T20:41:10.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33462",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"parsing",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does 微温い mean in this context?",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "I see that [Weblio has an entry for this\nspelling](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B8%A9%E3%81%84). They\nsuggest that this is an alternative spelling for ぬくい or ぬるい. Sense 3 is given\nas _\"slow; stupid\"_ , which would seem to fit your context.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T20:41:10.873",
"id": "66269",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T20:41:10.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66267",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66267
| null |
66269
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66274",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From Bright Side Japan:\n\n> 現代の女性はなぜ独身 **でいる** ことを選ぶのか ([link\n> here)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=5UULXR51NfQ)\n\n 1. Is it still grammatical to use である instead of でいる in the above sentence? If not, why not? \n 2. If it is possible, what is the change in meaning? \n 3. Can you give other examples which highlight the difference between でいる and である?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T20:57:14.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66270",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T03:20:02.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between でいる and である in this example?",
"view_count": 1514
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. Yes, 独身である is also grammatical.\n 2. This でいる has a mild nuance of \"to stay/keep ～\". である is just a stilted copula (literary version of だ). Using である will change the meaning from \"staying unmarried\" to \"being unmarried\".\n 3. For example, \n * 元気でいます。 \nI'm doing well (recently).\n\n * 元気であります。 \n(Aye,) I am fine (now). (sounds like a samurai or a soldier)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T02:25:41.533",
"id": "66274",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T03:20:02.230",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-27T03:20:02.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66270",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
] |
66270
|
66274
|
66274
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "was translating chibimakuro and there is this sentence: ベタに真珠っていう諺をきくと\n\nits ends with と, there is 諺(proverb) kanji, from context its easy to say it\nhas to do with \"cast pearls before swine\" saying. but what is really going on\nhere?\n\ni uploaded whole strip: <https://ibb.co/1spfL0D>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T21:16:45.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66271",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T22:03:06.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33465",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"manga"
],
"title": "sentence from chibimakuro :) ベタに真珠っていう諺をきくと",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "Part of what might be making it harder for you to understand it fully is that\nthe sentence isn't complete. You need the part on the other side of the panel\nto complete the sentence.\n\nTherefore, consider the following:\n\n> ブタに真珠っていう諺をきくと、心ときめくブー。\n\nNow, let's parse (adding some markings to help delineate):\n\n> （「ブタに真珠」っていう諺）をきくと、（心ときめく）｛ブー｝\n\nYou've correctly identified that ブタに真珠 is the equivalent of \"casting pearls\nbefore swine\" (though for some reason the artist wrote ブタ instead of 豚 --\nthere might be context behind that somewhere). This is being identified with\nっていう諺 as \"the saying that goes (casting pearls before swine)\", loosely\nspeaking. This noun phrase is the section in parentheses.\n\nThe noun phrase is being \"heard\" by the speaker, which is the をきくと, and と here\nis is an event marker, so, so far we have:\n\n> Whenever I hear the saying \"Casting pearls before swine\"...\n\n...and I think you can figure out the rest now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T22:03:06.013",
"id": "66272",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-26T22:03:06.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21684",
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"score": 2
}
] |
66271
| null |
66272
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66275",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the sentence:\n\n> 君が僕と結婚してくれたら、残りの人生ずっといい気分ですごせると思うよ。\n\nWho is the person who will be able to live their whole life feeling good? Is\nit 君 or 僕?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-26T23:44:01.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66273",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-14T02:05:52.700",
"last_edit_date": "2022-04-14T02:05:52.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "33152",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"subjects"
],
"title": "Question about who the subject is: 君が僕と結婚してくれたら、残りの人生ずっといい気分ですごせると思うよ",
"view_count": 186
}
|
[
{
"body": "The subject of the last half is ambiguous. It should depend on the surrounding\ncontext.\n\n>\n> 君と出会うまで、僕の人生はつまらないものだったんだ。でも、君と出会って僕は変わった。君が僕と結婚してくれたら、残りの人生ずっといい気分ですごせると思うよ。 \n> → He is talking about 僕, and the subject of the last part is clearly 僕\n\n>\n> 君が結婚に興味がないことは知っている。でも君の20年後の人生についても考えて欲しい。君が僕と結婚してくれたら、残りの人生ずっといい気分ですごせると思うよ。 \n> → He is talking about 君, and the subject of the last part is clearly 君\n\nIf there is absolutely no context, perhaps it's safest to assume the subject\nis \"we\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T02:38:14.197",
"id": "66275",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T02:54:04.947",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-27T02:54:04.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66273
|
66275
|
66275
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66687",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the construction of a suggestion statement with V~ほうがいい, the past (perfect)\ntense is used for the affirmative (according to\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56097/what-is-the-\ndifference-\nbetween-v-%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BB%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-and-v-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BB%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%84)\nand [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24426/in-front-\nof-%E3%81%BB%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-is-it-always-past-tense), the\npresent tense can also be used for general advice), but the present tense is\nused for the negative. Why?\n\ne.g.\n\nAffirmative: ご飯を食べ **た** ほうがいいですよ。\n\nNegative: ご飯を食べ **ない** ほうがいいですよ。\n\nwhy isn't 食べなかった used for the negative form just like in the affirmative\nstatement?\n\n* * *\n\nRelated:\n\n[What is the difference between V-るほうがいい and\nV-たほうがいい?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56097/what-is-the-\ndifference-\nbetween-v-%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BB%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-and-v-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BB%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%84)\n\n[In front of “ほうがいい,” is it always past\ntense?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24426/in-front-\nof-%E3%81%BB%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-is-it-always-past-tense)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T02:59:44.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66276",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-20T09:38:32.137",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-27T03:09:43.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "33363",
"owner_user_id": "33363",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"tense",
"reason"
],
"title": "What is the reason leading to the difference in tense used for affirmative and negative statements in the construction V~ほうがいい",
"view_count": 157
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, note that when making a suggestion, it is used the same\nconstruction than when comparing two things (ほうが 方が), because they are being\ncompared 2 ways of doing things, namely the way how it is done as for now vs\n_a better way to do it_ , i. e the _suggested_ way.\n\nAfter that, think of the ~た ending not as \"past\" but as \"done\" or \"after\", for\nexample like in「家に帰った時、 ごはんをたべます。」(I have lunch once I've come back home).\n\nThen, think of a suggestion as a guideline to either:\n\n1) reach some desirable outcome or state. I am at A but I want B.\n\nor\n\n2) keep the current state of things. I am at A and I want to keep A.\n\nLet's see both cases.\n\n* * *\n\n1) Affirmative\n\nWhen suggesting to do something in Japanese, you tell that \"How things would\nturn out [ **after** an action is carried out and as a result there is a\ndesirable state] is better\". An action must be done **in advance** in order to\nreach that desired state, thus it is used 〜た.\n\ne.g. 勉強したほうがいいです → \"The way of having studied is good [to pass the exam]\" →\nHaving studied is better → You'd better study.\n\nYou are at A (an ignorant who wouldn't pass) and want B (a knowledgeable\nperson who would pass).\n\n* * *\n\n2) Negative\n\nBut what happens when you suggest **not** to do something? In this case there\nis no action that triggers the desirable state as a result, but rather the\ndesirable state is what would be expected to happen if you do not screw it up\nby doing something bad or not recommended. Not doing the hindering action must\nbe ensured during the whole time span indefinitely in order to keep the\ndesired state in place, thus it is used 〜ない (non-past).\n\ne.g. ケーキを食べないほうがいいです →\"The way of not eating cake is good [to keep fit] → \"Not\neating cake is better [to keep fit]\" → you'd better not eat cake.\n\nYou are at A (in good shape) and want to keep A (in good shape).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T02:27:41.657",
"id": "66687",
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"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
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"score": 2
}
] |
66276
|
66687
|
66687
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "It is my understanding that there are two different meanings when 出す is used\nas an auxiliary verb. One example being 走り出す meaning 'to start to run' and an\nexample of the other being 生み出す meaning to 'give birth' to something or 'to\nproduce' something.\n\nI am struggling to understand how to translate the second instance, as used in\n「生み出す」.\n\nExamples:\n\n生み出す Produce (implying making something outwardly...?) \n考え出す come up with..? (to let out your thoughts/share your thoughts or ideas?) \n作り出す create? (create something new [generally amazing]?)\n\nIs there a general/simply meaning or translation that this 出す implies?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T04:34:25.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66277",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T14:10:30.410",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-27T14:10:30.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33451",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "出す as an auxiliary verb",
"view_count": 218
}
|
[] |
66277
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66283",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The two parts of this line I'm not quite sure I understand is the meaning of\n来てる and who is being referred to in 体あったまってきた.\n\nLooking at this\n[website](http://maggiesensei.com/2010/09/04/slang-%E3%82%AD%E3%83%86%E3%82%8B-%E3%82%A4%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8Bkiteru-\nicchatteru-mini-lesson-126/) it appears that 来てる can have a positive meaning.\nIs this similar to the instructor telling the instructee that they are\n\"nailing it\"?\n\nMy second question is I am unsure who of You/I/We is being said when the\ninstructor says 体あったまってきたよ is there something obvious that makes it clear who\nis being referred to?\n\nInstructor「あーもう！ このポンコツが！ちゃんと妾の言う通りにせんかー！虎だ！ お前は虎になるのだー！」\n\nInstructee「がおー！」\n\nInstructor「 **おっ、いいよ！ 来てる来てる！体あったまってきたよ！ ワンモアセッ！** 」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T09:34:50.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66279",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T15:54:44.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33440",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding this line",
"view_count": 2236
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Looking at this website it appears that 来てる can have a positive meaning. Is\n> this similar to the instructor telling the instructee that they are \"nailing\n> it\"?\n\nYour own reference says it’s someone _about to be_ something. In this case,\nthe instructor has just told the instructee to \"become a tiger.\" The\ninstructee growls, indicating some kind of effort to obey. So the sensible\ninterpretation is that the instructor thinks the instructee is _on the verge\nof_ becoming a tiger. It even works when interpreted literally as the tiger\n\"is coming.\"\n\n> My second question is I am unsure who of You/I/We is being said when the\n> instructor says 体あったまってきたよ is there something obvious that makes it clear\n> who is being referred to?\n\nTo me, it’s obvious from the context, the meaning and the lack of an explicit\nsubject change. So before the part in question, you have the instructor saying\n(roughly) \"almost there\", and afterward saying \"do it one more time\" (meaning,\ntry becoming a tiger again). Both of those are clearly directed at the\ninstructee. So, since there’s nothing to indicate otherwise, it stands to\nreason the part between them is the same. That part means \"(one’s) body has\ngotten warm,\" which sounds like a physical sign of the instructee’s imminent\nsuccess in becoming a tiger. Thus the instructor would be referring to the\ninstructee’s body.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T15:54:44.010",
"id": "66283",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T15:54:44.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33373",
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}
] |
66279
|
66283
|
66283
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I am wondering if the past tense is used sometimes to increase the level of\npoliteness in a conversation which occurs in present form. For example:\n\n> お待たせしました\n\nIn that case, under which circumstances the past form of the verb is used to\nmake the sentence polite? Also, which sort of difference it makes with the\npresent polite form of the verb?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T10:02:13.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66280",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T10:02:13.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Does using the past tense make the conversation more polite?",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[] |
66280
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66287",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does “Itatakimas” actually mean?\n\nDo Japanese use it only before starting to eat or it means more than that? I\nwas watching an anime and someone used that word when he was leaving the\nhouse, and I wondered if they use it before starting anything.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T20:28:45.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66284",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-24T11:35:57.627",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-28T02:58:08.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33477",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "What does “Itatakimas” actually mean?",
"view_count": 45633
}
|
[
{
"body": "The first word you're thinking of (\"before starting to eat\") is\n[頂きます]{itadakimasu}. This is the polite form (ending in _-masu_ ) of the plain\nverb [頂く]{itadaku}.\n\n`<joke>` In turn, _itadaku_ is a compound of [板]{ita} (\"board, plank\") and\n[抱く]{daku} (\"to hold in one's arms, to hug\"), with a compound meaning of \"to\nhug a board\". `</joke>`\n\nMore seriously, _itadaku_ is a humble word meaning \"to receive\". It is used in\nmany contexts, such as:\n\n * At the start of a meal, used idiomatically to mean \"I humbly receive this food\", vaguely similar to how some people say grace before eating.\n * In a literal sense, to indicate that you have received something from someone else.\n * After another verb in the _-te_ or conjunctive form, indicating that someone else is doing that verb for you.\n\nThe second term you're thinking of (\"when ... leaving the house\") is\n[行って]{itte}[来ます]{kimasu}. This is two verbs: _itte_ is the _-te_ or\nconjunctive form of the verb _iku_ (polite form _ikimasu_ , \"to go\") and\n_kimasu_ is the polite form of the verb _kuru_ (\"to come\"). _Itte kimasu_\nliterally means \"I'm going and coming back.\" Folks use it not just when\nleaving the house, but also when leaving some other place and coming back\nsoon, for example, when leaving one's job site for a little bit to go to lunch\nor run an errand.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T22:42:59.123",
"id": "66287",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-27T22:42:59.123",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66284",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66284
|
66287
|
66287
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 他にどんなとこがよかったの？\n\nThe context is in S1E9 of Aggrestsuko in which Retsuko is asked about her new\nlove. The official translation is \"What else do you like about him?\" but I am\nnot sure how that is pulled from above. こと(ろ) causing the confusion.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T20:40:55.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66285",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-28T03:23:02.117",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-28T03:23:02.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"casual"
],
"title": "Trying to figure out how どんなとこ works",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[] |
66285
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> こいつはこっち **系** の **ネタ** にとにかく弱いのだ\n\nThe definition I found of 系 (system) doesn't seem to fit here. What does that\nmean?\n\nAs for ネタ, I know it can mean ''joke'' but is it really what it means here? In\nthe official translation, this sentence has been translated as ''She's\nespecially weak to this sort of talk.''",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-27T20:46:04.590",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"slang",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Help translating 系 and ネタ this sentence",
"view_count": 267
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[
{
"body": "As psosuna notes in the comment, 系 here means something more like \"style,\ntype, sort of thing\".\n\nネタ derives as slang from 種【たね】, and originally referred to \"seed\" as in \"raw\nmaterial from which to make something else\". I think ネタ still has this\nmeaning, in addition to the broader sense of just \"stuff\".\n\nLooking at your sample translation, I see that you may have misparsed とにかく.\nThis isn't とくに (\"especially\"), but rather its own word とにかく (\"anyway\").\n\nSo putting all that together:\n\n> こいつはこっち **系** の **ネタ** に **とにかく** 弱いのだ \n> She's weak **anyway** when it comes to this **sort** of **stuff**.",
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"body": "1. I've searched them online, but still couldn't distinguish these two. I know: ①The former is to remark or to express a strong feeling. ②The later is more about personal emotion, obligation and social common sense.\n\n 2. There are two sentences below. ③理由はどうであれ、飲酒運転でまったのだから、罰金を払わ「ないではすまない」。⭕ ④理由はどうであれ、飲酒運転でまったのだから、罰金を払わ「ないではおかない」。 ❌ I know why the ③ is correct, but I don't understand why the ④ is wrong. Why can't I view the ④ as a kind of remark? So it will be correct.\n\n 3. And how to explain the use of てはすまない in the picture[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1vjkN.jpg)?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-28T01:14:01.237",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between にはおかない and にはすまない?",
"view_count": 297
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[
{
"body": "I think the key difference is one is passive while the other is active. おかない\nimplies the speaker's active choice (罰金を払わないでおく、無視しておけない）. すまない implies the\nlack of it.\n\nFor example,\n\n> 事故にならないで済む <- Natural \n> 事故にならないでおく <- Grammatical but strange \n> 事故にしないでおく <- Only natural if it means e.g. \"don't process _as_ 事故\" \n> 止まらないで済む <- I didn't have to stop \n> 止まらないでおく <- I chose not to stop\n\nComing back to your examples:\n\n> 理由はどうであれ、飲酒運転で捕まったのだから、罰金を払ないではすまない\n\nThe above means roughly \"the situation won't come to a conclusion if the fine\nis not paid\" or \"the issue doesn't go away while the fine is not paid\".\n\n> 理由はどうであれ、飲酒運転で捕まったのだから、罰金を払ないではおかない\n\nThe above sounds odd because it implies you are very eager to pay the fine\nbecause you were caught. The example below, on the other hand, sounds natural:\n\n> 孫が久しぶりにきたので、可愛がらずにはおかなかった\n\nNow let's take 卑劣な手段で報いないでは済まさない. The basic meaning of 済まない is still \"the\nsituation won't pass\". However, it's changed to 済まさせない. This is an application\nof the causative verb させる as in 食べさせる、開けさせる. 済まさせる implies somebody is acting\nto make the situation go away, or is at least not acting hoping that the\nsituation will go away. 済まさない means the speaker will not allow this.\n\nSo in this case, the sentence means \"They will not allow the situation to\npass, without exerting revenge through cowardry means\".",
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"creation_date": "2020-05-25T05:54:47.247",
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"body": "> それで何だっけ? \n> 昨日の夜の話 \n> 全然覚えてない **や** \n> 「電話が鳴って君からだってわかったら \n> 急に変な気分になったんだ。」\n\nThis is an excerpt of lyrics from Indigo la End's song\n[彼女の相談](http://www.littleoslo.com/lyj/home/indigo-la-\nend-%E5%BD%BC%E5%A5%B3%E3%81%AE%E7%9B%B8%E8%AB%87/). I can't figure out what\nfunction the や in line 3 performs.\n\nDoes anyone have any input?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-28T02:02:07.453",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-03-30T06:50:23.103",
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"owner_user_id": "20603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"song-lyrics",
"particle-や"
],
"title": "What grammatical function is や performing here?",
"view_count": 1528
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[
{
"body": "や at the end of a sentence has various meanings, but it's roughly categorized\ninto two.\n\n 1. Kansai colloquial copula や (used in place of だ)\n 2. True sentence-end/interjectory particle や\n\nPerhaps you'll see Kansai-ben's や more often, and it's discussed in many\nexisting questions here:\n\n * [I don't understand what やな means at the end of a sentence...?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18385/5010)\n * [The meaning of んや](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62558/5010)\n\nBut since や in your example comes right after ない, it's a sentence-end\nparticle. (You cannot say ないだ, right?) It has several functions.\n\n 1. [after an i-adjective] Exclamation (\"Oh\", \"Wow\", sounds childish) \n\n> すごいや！ Wow, it's great! \n> ひどいや！ You're so cruel!\n\n 2. [after an imperative verb] Persuasion, urging (\"Come on\", \"You\", sounds masculine and rough) See: [What does the word 「こいや」 mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23352/5010) and [What does the sentence ending particle や mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15288/5010)\n\n> 飲めや。 Drink it. \n> 死ねや！ You, die!\n\n 3. [after an animate noun] Vocative (\"Hey\", \"O\", sounds old) See: [What does や after someone's name mean exactly?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61674/5010)\n\n> シンデレラや、舞踏会に行きたいのかい？ Cinderella, do you want to go to the ball?\n\n 4. [usually after いい or ない] Indifference, giving up, reluctant acceptance (\"Oh well\", \"Meh\") See: [Meaning of や in 「もうどうだっていいや」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34224/5010) and [Help understanding いいやって and いやだなって](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29068/5010)\n\n> それでいいや。 Well, that's okay (if not ideal). \n> どうでもいいや。 Whatever. / Let it go. / I don't care. \n> もう知らないや。 I don't care about it anymore. \n> うーん、わかんないや。 Hmm, I don't know. / I give up.\n\n 5. [archaic; after a noun or an old adjective] Deep emotion, exclamation (\"O\", \"Oh\", \"!\", \"...\", poetic and old, typically seen in haiku) See: [What is the function of 「や」 in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/84063/5010) and [Translation of うらめしや](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54065/5010)\n\n> 古池や蛙飛び込む水の音 (famous haiku)\n\nIn your case, や is used in the fourth sense. This や expresses the speaker is\nnot particularly serious about 覚えていない(こと). In the lyrics, the woman is\nserious, but the guy doesn't even remember what they talked about yesterday.",
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"body": "I have seen two example of this.\n\nThe first example come from \"恋する星座\" part 9 where the girl said a sentences\nwith words \"行かなきゃ\"\n\nThe second example come from the song \"Catch A Break\" sung by Eguchi Takuya.\nThe lyrics goes \"買いに行かなきゃ\"\n\nWhy does they use \"-なきゃ\" in said examples? Is it used only in daily\nconversation? What are the other example of words using \"-なきゃ\"?\n\n[Sorry if I ask too much I'm really curious]",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-28T07:26:43.543",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the use of \"-なきゃ\"?",
"view_count": 2590
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[
{
"body": "-なきゃ is a common casual contraction (amongst a few other variations) for the form -なければいけません, which literally means “it is no good if the action is not done”, aka. showing obligation that the action _must_ be performed.\n\nfrom your example:\n\n * 行かなきゃ: must go\n\n * 買いに行かなきゃ: must go to buy\n\n* * *\n\nFYI, here are some other variations and contractions of the structure\n\nFormal\n\n * なければいけません\n\n * なくてはいけません\n\n * なければなりません\n\n * なくてはなりません\n\n * ないといけません\n\nCasual\n\n * なきゃ(いけません)\n\n * なくちゃ(いけません)\n\n * なきゃ(なりません)\n\n * なくちゃ(なりません)\n\nsource: my experience and my Japanese class notes",
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"body": "The situation was describing how the older sister suddenly stopped in front of\nthe gate, staring at the building ahead, with the other sister following suit.\nContext leading to the sentence in question:\n\n> 気が付くと、司までも同じように校舎を見つめている。\n>\n> 二人して校舎を……。\n>\n> 当たり前だけど、こんな事はあまりない。\n>\n> なんで、通い慣れた学校を今更真剣に眺める必要があるというのだろうか……。\n>\n> 意味が分からんのでした。\n>\n> 「なんだよー。双子で不気味な連中だなぁ。どうした司まで？」\n>\n> 「あ、なんでもないよ」\n>\n> 「なんでもないって、顔でもないんですが……」\n>\n> 「司……」\n>\n> 「うん、お姉ちゃん……なんだろ、なんか変な感じ……」\n>\n> 「うん……」\n>\n> 「変な感じ？」\n>\n> もう一度、校舎を見つめる。\n>\n> 築年数十年といった感じの建物。\n>\n> これと言って物珍しいデザインでもない。\n>\n> それと、昨日から何か変わった事などない……。\n>\n> 実は、同じに見えて、ロボットに変形する様にでもなった……とかなら分かるんだけど……。\n>\n> **いや……それはそれでまったく意味が分からん。**\n\nI thought both 分かる verbs here were talking about the protagonist understanding\nwhy they might react that way (them staring at the school), but the last one\ndoesn't seem to fit that. Am I misunderstanding something?\n\nMy translations of the last two lines are:\n\n> \"Actually, if the school started to turn into a robot then I might\n> understand their reaction.\"\n>\n> \"Well, that doesn't make sense by itself either.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-28T08:11:58.657",
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"tags": [
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"meaning",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does それはそれでまったく意味が分からん mean in this context?",
"view_count": 605
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{
"body": "The narrator is trying to explain why they feel something is wrong with the\nschool although it appears to be the same. I think \"if the school started to\nturn into a robot (in front of us)\" is not a good translation. ようになった refers\nto something in the past, so you have to translate it using [past perfect\nsubjunctive](https://www.grammaring.com/past-perfect-subjunctive).\n\n> 実は、同じに見えて、ロボットに変形する様にでもなった……とかなら分かるんだけど…… \n> (This \"something-is-wrong\" feeling) would make sense if the school had,\n> say, actually acquired an ability to transform to a robot (last night).\n\nNext, where did \"by itself\" come from? それはそれで is often translated as \"in its\nown way\". (See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21167/5010) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30134/5010)) Here, it describes\nthat, although their \"feeling\" is weird, his wild explanation is equally\nweird.\n\n> いや……それはそれでまったく意味が分からん。 \n> No...that's equally nonsensical. (i.e., I tried making a wild guess to\n> explain this feeling, but it is too unrealistic to accept.)",
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"body": "To say for instance 'a 30-year-old female Japanese doctor', is there a rule as\nto the order of complements?\n\n> 日本(人?)の３０歳の女の医者\n>\n> 医者の３０歳の女の日本人\n\nAre all orders created equal? Are some allowed and some not? Does changing the\norder change the meaning (a little, a lot)?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-28T10:30:10.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66297",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Order of complements in phrase",
"view_count": 195
}
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[
{
"body": "の is a very flexible particle, but there is one strict rule: the last noun is\nthe main noun. Others serve as modifiers.\n\n * 日本人の医者 a Japanese doctor / a doctor who is Japanese\n * 医者の日本人 a Japanese person who is a doctor\n\nIf you want to say \"a 30-year-old female Japanese doctor\", _doctor_ is the\nmain word, so your translation should not end with 女 or 日本人. Besides this\nrule, the order of modifies is flexible as long as changing the order does not\nintroduce ambiguity. In your case, the following phrases are all grammatical\nand at least understandable.\n\n * 30歳の女の日本人の医者\n * 女の30歳の日本人の医者\n * 30歳の日本人の女の医者\n * 日本人の30歳の女の医者\n * 女の日本人の30歳の医者\n * 日本人の女の30歳の医者\n\nBut native speakers don't usually say something like this in reality. Using\nthree or more の's in succession tends to be seen as unsophisticated. You can\nreduce at least one の by using 女医 (\"female doctor\") instead of 女の医者:\n\n * 30歳の日本人の女医\n\nIn this case の after 日本人 can be omitted, too, because ～人 is often used like a\nprefix:\n\n * 30歳の日本人女医\n\nLastly, please keep in mind that changing the word order may result in a\nchange in meaning.\n\n * 30歳の女の話 a story of a 30-year-old woman\n * 女の30歳の話 (incorrect)\n * 太郎の友達の本 a book of Taro's friend\n * 友達の太郎の本 a book of my friend Taro",
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"body": "I'm unsure of how to correctly parse the below. I originally thought that it\nmight have had, for example, an implied part of the sentence before e.g. ここを\n最高のアングルっていうのは魂の叫びなのよ。However this doesn't quite sound right to me, and if it\nwas going to be something like that I would have imagined って言う or って言っている\ninstead of っていう.\n\nI think part of my problem is that I am not entirely clear on the meaning of\n魂の叫び, and how it works in this sentence.\n\n> 「 **最高のアングルっていうのは魂の叫びなのよ** 。ここを狙えって訴えてくるの。逆らえないのよ」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-28T15:17:10.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66299",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-29T02:21:40.143",
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"owner_user_id": "33492",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding 最高のアングルっていうのは魂の叫びなのよ",
"view_count": 99
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[
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"body": "This is a metaphorical sentence, and nothing is omitted. Or perhaps you can\nthink ～のような (\"like\") is implied. 魂の叫び (\"soul cry/scream\") is not an idiomatic\nphrase but her own tricky metaphor. Her intention is clearly explained in the\nnext sentence.\n\n～というのは/～っていうのは is like an emphatic topic marker, and it's often used to\ndescribe a definition or an important characteristic of something. For\nexample:\n\n> 人生は長い旅だ。 \n> ≒人生とは長い旅だ。 \n> ≒人生というのは長い旅だ。 \n> ≒人生っていうのは長い旅だ。 \n> ≒人生っていうのは長い旅のようなものだ。\n>\n> Life is (like) a long journey.\n\nWith this in mind, your sentence is an example of personification:\n\n> 最高のアングルっていうのは魂の叫びなのよ。ここを狙えって訴えてくるの。逆らえないのよ。 \n> \"The best (camera) angle\" is (like) a soul scream. It (= the angle itself)\n> tells me \"Shoot this\". I cannot resist.\n\nSo, to put it plainly, she seems to be saying \"good photographers don't worry\nabout camera angle because they can decide the right angle by intuition.\"",
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"body": "I was reading the lyrics of a\n[song](http://www.kget.jp/lyric/67777/ON+MY+OWN_%E6%96%B0%E5%A6%BB%E8%81%96%E5%AD%90)\nand found the following line:\n\n> あの人あたしをいらない\n\nFrom the [original English song](https://genius.com/Claude-michel-schonberg-\non-my-own-lyrics), I can tell that the meaning is that \"that person no longer\nneeds me\", but why does it use を when 要る is an intransitive verb? Is there a\nnuance difference?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-28T15:20:21.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2019-03-28T17:19:35.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "What's the nuance behind using を要らない as opposed to が要らない?",
"view_count": 407
}
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[
{
"body": "I am not a Japanese native, but a Korean. Korean is similar to Japanese, but\nin Korean, only a form equivalent to \"が/は要らない\" is used. In Korean, a form like\n\"を要らない\" is considered incorrect, because 要る is an intransitive verb, and the\nsubject of the verb is the thing being required.\n\n[If you see the Japanese\ndictionary](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A6%81%E3%82%8B-436528), all the\nexamples are using が or は.\n\n> 「資本が―・る」「暇が―・る」「お世辞は―・らない」 「燃焼させるには酸素が－・る」 「そんなに時間は－・らない」 「金が－・る」\n> 「もっと人手が－・る」\n\nAs a Korean, the \"を\" form bothers me (even with other verbs and adjectives),\nbut I have seem that form being used in Japanese animations quite a lot, so I\ndo not think it is being considered wrong in Japan. But I would avoid that \"を\"\nform if possible.\n\n> あの人あたしをいらない\n\nI would have said \"あの人には私が要らない\" or \"あの人は私を必要としない\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T14:41:15.710",
"id": "66321",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "Words like 好き, 嫌い, 欲しい, ～たい and 要る occasionally take を, especially in\ncomplicated sentences, but it's hard to give a clear rule, and the level of\nacceptance may vary from person to person. One theory is \"nominative object\".\nPlease see Darius Jahandarie's answer and snailboat's comment here: [Usage of\n～を好き outside of embedded\nclauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26005/5010)\n\nThat said, 要る is very rarely used with を. This あたしをいらない is comprehensible, but\nsounds unnatural to me. In general, ～を要る should always be avoided in a simple\nsentence like this.\n\n～を要る tends to be tolerated in a [`～を～と + verb`\nconstruction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/55169/5010) (e.g.,\nこのパソコンを要ると思う人は連絡してください). BCCWJ also has one (and only one) example of ～を + 要る\n+ と + verb.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NplEa.png)\n\nI can also find other examples like お金を要るようになった and 心配を要らずに on the net, but I\nwould say ～が要るようになった is almost always safer.",
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"creation_date": "2019-03-30T06:11:01.350",
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66300
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66334
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66334
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{
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"body": "What exactly does ここまで来ると mean, and how do I understand it in the below\ncontext? What is the subject that is doing the verb 来る?\n\nLooking online one definition of 来る is \"事態が進んで、ある状態に至る\" which I guess is the\ndefinition of this 来る but I still don't quite understand how it works.\n\n> 「ただでさえ仁乃は混乱しやすい頭してんだから、もっとハッピーにさせてあげなさいよ」\n>\n> 「それってつまり手のひらの上で踊らせろってことなんじゃ……」\n>\n> 「……先生も幸村くんも、基本的にわたしをバカにしてるよね？」\n>\n> 「そ、そんなことはない」\n>\n> 「そう、そんなこたぁない」\n>\n> 「じー……」\n>\n> 疑いの眼差しだ。さすがの仁乃も **ここまで来ると** 騙されない。\n>\n> 「いいもん。どうせバカだもん……」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-28T17:02:44.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66301",
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"owner_user_id": "31487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Understanding meaning of ここまで来ると",
"view_count": 478
}
|
[
{
"body": "In Japanese or Korean the subject can often be omitted. So, 仁乃 is not the\nsubject of 来る。The subject is something like \"it\" in English. Think about an\nexpression like, \"When it comes to\". The \"it\" is not something specific, it is\njust an abstract thing. If we have to specify the subject of 来る, it could be\n状況 (circumstance). But that is not something worth mentioning so it is\nomitted.\n\nSo, the meaning of the sentence is something like, \" **When it has become this\nobvious** , even a dull person like 仁乃 cannot help but notice it.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-29T14:14:41.860",
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66301
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66318
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66318
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66319",
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"body": "The three words which I was thinking of were 本当, 確か, and 絶対, but I'm sure\nthere are more. How do these words differ from each other? The dictionary\ndefines these three words fairly similarly but could someone explain the\nnuance and correct usage of each, as well as other words which can mean\n'true/certain'?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-28T22:40:29.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66302",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-29T14:27:39.530",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32247",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Ways of saying 'true/certain' - 本当, 確か, 絶対",
"view_count": 180
}
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[
{
"body": "本当 real, true 確か certain 絶対 absolute\n\n * 彼は本当に知らない。(He really does not know.)\n * 彼は確かに知らない。(He certainly does not know.)\n * 彼は確かには知らない。(He does not know for sure. He has some vague idea, but does not understand it completely.)\n * 彼は絶対(に)知らない。(He absolutely does not know. I am absolutely sure that he does not know.)",
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"creation_date": "2019-03-29T14:27:39.530",
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66302
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66319
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66319
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66304",
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"body": "I've been digging through my reference books and Google searches, but I'm not\ngetting anywhere with this.\n\nFor \"Only I [do X]\", can the subject of the sentence simply be 私だけは?\n\n> 私だけは電車で魚を食べます。 \n> \"Only I eat fish on the train.\"\n\nAnd could that be done with an adjective like 好き or ほしい?\n\n> 私だけは天ぷらピザが好きです。 \n> \"Only I like tempura pizza.\"\n\nFor my final act, I'm going way out on a limb here, but how would I say \"I am\nthe only [Y] that [likes X]?\" This is the mess that I came up with:\n\n> 「ドルアーガの塔」のことが好きなアメリカ人は私だけです。 \n> I am the only American who likes The Tower Of Druaga. (Or more literally,\n> \"As for Americans that like The Tower Of Druaga, it's only me.\")\n\nHow wrong is all of that? Because I'm pretty certain it's not correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-28T23:33:26.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66303",
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"owner_user_id": "32863",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-だけ"
],
"title": "Saying \"Only I [do X]\", \"Only I [like X]\", and \"I am the only [Y] who [does/likes X]\"",
"view_count": 135
}
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[
{
"body": "> I think your last example's pattern is the way to go...\n\n * **「ドルアーガの塔」のことが好きなアメリカ人は** → 私だけです\n\n_\"As for Americans that like Tower of Druaga, I am the only one\"_\n\n * **電車で魚を食べるのは** → 私だけです\n\n_\"As for those who eat fish on the train, I am the only one\"_\n\n * **天ぷらピザが好きなのは** → 私だけです\n\n_\"As for those who like tempura pizza, I am the only one\"_\n\nPersonally, I feel like it might be better to\nsay,「私だけだと思います」or「私だけかもしれません」instead of「私だけです」so as not to sound too dogmatic.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T00:32:13.193",
"id": "66304",
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},
{
"body": "私だけは電車で魚を食べます is not ungrammatical, but だけは tends to have a contrastive\nmeaning or the [nuance of \"at\nleast\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29438/5010), like \"(although\nothers don't do this,) at least I (will) eat fish on the train\". A more\n\"neutral\" way of saying this is 私だけ **が** 電車で魚を食べます using exhaustive-listing\nga.\n\nCompare these simpler sentences:\n\n * 私だけ **が** ピザが好きです。 \n(Among us,) Only I like pizza.\n\n * 私だけ **は** ピザが好きです。 \n(Although the other people may not like pizza, at least) **_I_** like pizza.\n\n * 彼だけ **が** 生き残った。 \n(Among the 10 people,) Only he survived.\n\n * 彼だけ **は** 生き残った。 \n(Although everyone else died / Although it was tragic,) At least he survived.\n\nIt depends on what you want to convey.\n\nYour last attempt is a perfectly correct cleft sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T02:00:55.060",
"id": "66306",
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"score": 3
}
] |
66303
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66304
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66304
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{
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"body": "I've been reading some Murakami and came across 反射(する) and 映る。I've never given\nthem much thought other than that they mean reflection but I was wondering if\nthere's some subtle nuance that I'm not aware of.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T04:09:56.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66309",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-30T10:41:47.567",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-29T05:28:19.817",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32967",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Difference between 反射(する) and 映る",
"view_count": 271
}
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[
{
"body": "Not a native speaker, but since Korean has similar words (both the Sino-Korean\nword 反射-hada and a native word bichida similar to 映る), probably it is the same\nin Japanese. The following is same for Korean.\n\n反射 is the literal action of reflecting something. It can be used for visuals,\nbut is not limited to. For example, it can be used for sound, or even some\nabstract effects. 映る is an action of something is being reflected on some\nsurface, so that the image can be seen by people. It is only used for visuals,\nunless it is used metaphorically.\n\nAnd since 反射 is from Chinese, I think it is often more formal than the native\nwords like 映る or bichida.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T13:55:35.597",
"id": "66316",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-29T13:55:35.597",
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},
{
"body": "Their uses are different, and they are not interchangeable.\n\n映る is an intransitive verb that means \"(for an image) to be\nreflected/projected (on a mirror/screen/wall/etc)\". The subject must be a\nrecognizable \"image\", and the mirror/screen-like object is marked with に. You\ncan also say テレビに映る. The transitive equivalent is 映す.\n\n> * 顔が鏡に映る。\n> * 月が水面に映っている。\n> * 映像がスクリーンに映る。\n> * わたしの町がテレビに映っている。\n>\n\n> * 顔を鏡に映す。\n> * 映像をスクリーンに映す。\n>\n\n反射する is both transitive and intransitive. When used transitively, the subject\nis a mirror-like object, and the object is usually a light/radio/sound wave,\nand sometimes something abstract like \"damage\". There doesn't have to be an\n\"image\".\n\n> * 鏡が光を反射する。\n> * 鏡がレーザービームを反射する。\n> * (as a game item description) この盾はダメージの20%を相手に反射する。\n>\n\nWhen 反射する is used intransitively, the subject is a light/sound/radio wave.\n\n> * 光が鏡に反射する。\n> * 月明かりが海に複雑に反射して幻想的な光景を作り出している。\n>\n\nFinally, 反射 can be used only for physical phenomenons. You have to use 反映 for\na sentence like \"the price reflects the demand\". 反射/反映 does not mean \"to think\nback deeply\", either.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T10:41:47.567",
"id": "66340",
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}
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66309
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66340
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{
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"body": "In this sentence (from [here](https://nhkeasier.com/story/2660/))\n\n> このビルは２０階建てで、地下は２階まであります。\n\nthe building has 20 floors. Are there 2 basements (perhaps in addition to the\n20 floors), or is it that floors up to (まで) the second one are underground\n(which there are not in the photograph, it is rather a building on stilts)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T09:39:37.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66311",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-30T06:29:36.743",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-29T09:51:19.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Why まで in this sentence?",
"view_count": 96
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, まで can mean \"even\" or \"so far as\" with a nuance of the info being\nsurprising or unexpected. It's a bit like さえ in that regard.\n\nSecond, it helps to know that basements are unusual in Japan, even in larger\nbuildings.\n\nThird, even if you don't know that Japanese buildings are counted from the\nground up, 地下 has a は topic marker after it. That は tells you the ２階 only\npertain to the 地下 and are independent of the other 20階.\n\nTogether, this gets you a 20-floor building that even has 2 levels underground\n(for a total of 22 floors).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T12:30:41.177",
"id": "66312",
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{
"body": "* n階建て usually refers to the number of floors above the ground (including the first/ground floor).\n * In legal jargon, 階数 refers to the total number of floors including basement floors.\n\nSo this sentence usually means the building has 20 floors _above the ground_ ,\nplus two basement floors, i.e., there are 22 floors/階数 in total. If you want\nto be more specific, you can say 地上20階建て (\"20 floors above the ground\").\n\n(～まである is a common way to say \"to reach ～\". It has no exclamatory tone.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-30T06:29:36.743",
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}
] |
66311
| null |
66337
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66314",
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"body": "I have seen 始まる constructed with から several times. Yet, the start is a point\nin time, not a period. For instance, I would expect\n\n> 春は３月２１日に始まります。\n\nor\n\n> 春は３月２１日からです。\n\nrather than\n\n> 春は３月２１日から始まります。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T12:34:25.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66313",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-29T13:24:42.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Why から with 始まる?",
"view_count": 96
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both `～に始まる` and `～から始まる` are possible; it's just that they emphasize\ndifferent things.\n\n`Xに始まる` emphasizes the precise time that something begins, with the focus\nbeing on that specific point. The particle に pinpoints that exact moment as a\ntemporal identifier of the stated event X.\n\n`Xから始まる` emphasizes the fact that there is a span of time which started from a\ncertain point X but continues forward. If differs from the above in that it\nincludes a recognition that there is a starting point X as well as a period of\ntime which follows that can also be considered contiguous to the start point\nand relevant.\n\nI could point out that this is possible in English too:\n\n> **(1)** School term starts **on** April 1st. \n> **(2)** School term starts **from** April 1st.\n\nThese are both possible but as with the Japanese sentences, they have a\nslightly different focus, Sentence (1) emphasizes a specific point and\nSentence (2) includes the span of time which follows from that point.\n\nIn either English or Japanese, which one you decide to use depends on what you\nwant to express in your sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T13:24:42.303",
"id": "66314",
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66313
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66314
|
66314
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66320",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "<https://youtu.be/z4eWwEVQOTs?t=133>\n\nShouldn't it be \"面白い陸\"? Or does \"面白いな陸\" have a different meaning?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T13:38:23.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66315",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-29T14:30:34.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33499",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Is \"面白いな陸\" correct?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're not parsing it correctly, I'm afraid. It should be parsed:\n\n> ... おもしろいな。陸の世界の一部になりたい。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T14:30:34.373",
"id": "66320",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-29T14:30:34.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
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] |
66315
|
66320
|
66320
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English I would say something along the line of 'Sorry! I forgot to invite\nyou to the party'. This would be in conversation to a friend. How would this\ntranslate to Japanese?\n\nEdit (First post to this site sorry!): My first ideas would be along the line\nof すみません、私は招待しにわすれました。Through looking in my 'Genki' textbook, this verb\nconjugation is mainly used for movement, not for the purpose I am using it\nfor. Please could someone explain to me - if it is incorrect - why it is so?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T15:08:47.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66322",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-31T07:30:07.280",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-31T01:16:35.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "33500",
"owner_user_id": "33500",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How would you apologise for not inviting someone to an event?",
"view_count": 212
}
|
[
{
"body": "As with many translations in Japanese there are numerous ways to do this:\n\nWritten way with \"you\" specified ( but we don't speak this way ):\n\n> パーティーにあなたを招待していないのが残念です\n\nLeaving off \"You\":\n\n> パーティーに招待していないのが残念です\n\nHere, we have used 残念 ( zan nen - too bad or unfortunate )\n\nIn the follow we use ごめん なさい ( gomen nasai which is more like \"sorry\" ):\n\n> パーティーに招待するのを忘れたのがごめんなさい\n\nPlease forgive me because I forgot to invite (you) to the party\n\n> パーティーに招待するのを忘れたので許してください\n\nVery informal among friends ( forgot to invite thing is no good ):\n\n> 招待するのを忘れたのは良くない",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T21:38:22.437",
"id": "66327",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-29T21:52:48.080",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-29T21:52:48.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "27710",
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"parent_id": "66322",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -3
}
] |
66322
| null |
66327
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66326",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'd like to express the idea that maybe a few years from now things would work\nout better. But I can't figure out how that would be said in Japanese. I know\nthat if it were past tense, it could be said like 数年前だったら or 何年か前だったら. What's\nthe equivalent for the future?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T17:17:57.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66323",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-29T23:31:55.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33503",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"tense",
"future"
],
"title": "How to say \"a few years in the future\" / \"a few years from now\"",
"view_count": 789
}
|
[
{
"body": "One simple possibility is to use 数年後{すうねんご} (a few years from now / several\nyears from now / several years later).\n\nThe prefix 数{すう}～ can be used to indicate an unspecified number of something\nwhich is more than two but still a relatively small number. For example,\n数分{すうふん} (several minutes), 数人{すうにん} (several people), etc. The suffix ～後\nrefers to a point in time later than now and can be used with many time\nindicating counters such as 分, 時, etc. For example, 一週間後{いっしゅうかんご} (one week\nlater/one week from now).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-29T20:56:01.240",
"id": "66326",
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"score": 2
}
] |
66323
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66326
|
66326
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "One of the things you learn when studying Japanese is that おう is pronounced\nlike a long おお as in words like そうです (soo desu), but I would like to know if\nthis rule also applies to verbs because there are some verbs in Japanese that\nwould seem almost incomprehensible if following this rule for pronunciation at\nthe same time that perhaps it would create too much ambiguity. Take for\nexample 追う and 覆う or cases like 作ろう and 繕う. Do Japanese people pronounce the\nfinal う distinctively as a う in う-ending verbs?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T00:41:08.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66329",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33358",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of verbs ending in う",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[
{
"body": "> When the verb（五段う）is in its _imperfect form_ like, 追 **う** 、覆 **う** 、繕\n> **う**...\n>\n> ...then **yes** , the う is pronounced distinctly.\n\n* * *\n\n> In cases like 作 **ろう** 、装 **おう** 、飲 **もう** 、where the verb is in a\n> _volitional conjugation_...\n>\n> ...then the う **is not** pronounced distinctly, similar to the pronunciation\n> of 王様{おうさま}\n>\n> * (i.e. 作ろー、装おー、飲もー)\n>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T03:17:24.583",
"id": "66330",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-30T03:17:24.583",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "66329",
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"score": 1
}
] |
66329
| null |
66330
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Are Japanese sentences (horizontal) to be read/interpreted from left to right\nor right to left? For e.g: the word \"Inshoku\" when read from left to right,\nmeans Drink and food, but the translation read \"Food and Drink\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T03:49:30.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66331",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-30T05:06:35.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33504",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Interpreting Japanese sentences from right to left or left to right",
"view_count": 288
}
|
[
{
"body": "1. The translation will not always follow the thought-order of the original word\n 2. 飲食{いんしょく} is not two words in Japanese, it is one word（熟語{じゅくご}）\n 3. As a phrase in English, \"Food and Drink\" is more commonly used than \"Drink and Food\"\n 4. Horizontal Japanese can be read either from left-to-right (as in English) or right-to-left, depending on context\n 5. When horizontal Japanese is read right-to-left it is actually being written as top-to-bottom, right-to-left (each top-to-bottom line has just a single character at the top) - This functions like a bold title and is most often seen in scrolls or in temple decorations\n\nYou can type 扁額 into Google to see many examples of this type of decoration.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VHugcm.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T05:06:35.200",
"id": "66333",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-30T05:06:35.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7055",
"parent_id": "66331",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66331
| null |
66333
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66336",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently heard a woman describe herself as a 四十｛よんじゅう｝ウン歳｛さい｝. My guess is\nthat it is the Japanese equivalent of \"40-something\", but I am not sure.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T04:19:31.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66332",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-31T04:07:04.750",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"slang"
],
"title": "What does ウン歳 mean?",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "[ウン](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/292369/meaning/m0u/) in this context\nmeans 'something', so it would be forty-something.\n\nウン is used as a filler for unspecific mumbling on other occasions also - like\n[here in\n\"unnunkannun\"](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BA%91%E4%BA%91%E3%81%8B%E3%82%93%E3%81%AC%E3%82%93-212969).\n\nAlso\n[see](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%86%E3%82%93%E3%81%AC%E3%82%93).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T06:29:05.547",
"id": "66336",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-03-31T04:07:04.750",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14250",
"parent_id": "66332",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
66332
|
66336
|
66336
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66338",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was listening to this podcast on Himalaya (Link given below) and I came\nacross this sentence which starts with て, I'm not sure why it starts with て,\ncan anyone please explain this? Also I'm not sure what does ていうのと、あとは means\nhere? Is it some sort of a fixed expression which means \"other than that\" or\nsomething, how do you break this expression down?\n\nていうのと、あとはやっぱ怒らせないようにっていうのを考えてすごく対応してくれてるって言うのがわかって…\n\nSource: At around **07:22** at\n[http://www.himalaya.com/jp/episode/125679/53455746?Share_from=App&Influencer_uid=1037891&Share_to=Others](http://www.himalaya.com/jp/episode/125679/53455746?Share_from=App&Influencer_uid=1037891&Share_to=Others)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T06:20:29.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66335",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-30T09:52:56.227",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-30T09:52:56.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "22126",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"expressions",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Sentence starting with て?",
"view_count": 418
}
|
[
{
"body": "This て is the same as って, the colloquial quotative particle similar to と. The\nsmall-tsu is unheard because it's located at the beginning of the sentence.\n(When written, this っ is usually omitted at the beginning of a sentence, but\nmay be preserved in casual light novels and such.) It may be obvious to you,\nbut this (っ)て refers to what was said in the previous sentence.\n\n> っていうのと、… \n> = ていうのと、… \n> = というのと、… \n> = In addition to that, ...\n\nThis あとは is like それに, a word used before the last item of a list:\n\n> りんご、バナナ、あとはすいか！ \n> An apple, a banana, _and (lastly)_ , a watermelon!\n\nBut in this case, it's used almost like a filler, and its function is not very\ndifferent from ていうのと (\"...and...\", \"...to add to that...\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T06:44:26.777",
"id": "66338",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-30T06:44:26.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66335",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66335
|
66338
|
66338
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66343",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context:\n\n> お父ちゃんも朝ごはん食ってっかね\n\nMy attempt at translation:\n\n> Dad's having breakfast right now, too.\n\nI'm having some trouble with \"ってっか\"? \"って\" is \"という\", right? But \"っ\" after \"て\",\nI don't really understand.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T13:18:15.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66341",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-31T04:20:08.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33237",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does \"ってっか\" mean?",
"view_count": 507
}
|
[
{
"body": "The sentence is a contracted version of お父{とう}ちゃんも朝｛あさ｝ごはん食｛く｝ってるかね, 'Is Dad\n(not necessarily the speaker's father in this case) having breakfast too?'\n\nる into っ or ん (depending on the next sound) is a very common sound change in\ncasual speech.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T15:55:04.050",
"id": "66343",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-31T04:20:08.287",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-31T04:20:08.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "66341",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66341
|
66343
|
66343
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The Japanese martial art Karate-Do has five principles on conduct that should\nbe pursued by its practitioners. In all books it comes with the `koto` at its\nend, just after the principal verb. I've read that `koto` means `thing`, and\nin other source I've read that `koto` after a verb makes it transform to a\nnoun verb, but I think I've don't really understood that very well, since I\ncan't understand the use of `koto` in this five phrases:\n\n```\n\n 一、人格 完成に 努める こと\n hitotsu, jinkaku kansei ni tsutomeru koto\n Exert yourself in the perfection of character\n \n \n 一、誠の道を守ること\n hitotsu, makoto no michi wo mamoru koto\n Be faithful and sincere\n \n \n 一、努力の精神を養うこと\n hitotsu, doryoku no seishin wo yashinau koto\n Cultivate the spirit of perseverance\n \n \n 一、礼儀を重んずること\n hitotsu, reigi wo omonzuru koto\n Respect propriety\n \n \n 一、血気の勇を戒むること\n hitotsu, kekki no yū wo imashimuru koto\n Refrain from impetuous and violent behaviour\n \n```\n\nThese were extract from this site:\n<http://www.shotokankaratedoassociation.com/translating-dojo-kun-meaning-\nbehind-japanese-characters/> where they explain the philosophical meaning of\nthe principles.\n\nBut, from the grammatical point-of-view, I didn't understood it. What is the\nmeaning and the utility of this `koto`?\n\nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T13:32:35.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66342",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-30T15:39:53.090",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-30T15:39:53.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "30953",
"owner_user_id": "30953",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What is the meaning and utility of the \"Koto\" in the end of these five Karate-Do Principles?",
"view_count": 70
}
|
[] |
66342
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does the なる and the と mean in this sentence?\n\n> でも男のことに **なると** 、どうにも弱いとこがあってさ…\n\nFrom what I have learnt so far:\n\n * と can mean \"and\", eg. 私は水とジュースを飲んだ\n\n * と can be used to imply an inevitable outcome, eg. 六時になる **と** 、太陽が見える\n\n * と can be used to quote a thought or something that somebody said, eg. 「強くなりたい」 **と** いったでしょう？\n\nBut it seems that the と in this sentence doesn't fit any of these usages.\n\nAs for the なる, it usually means \"to become\", right? But in this case, it says\n男のことになる. 男のこと means \"about guys\", and that is not something you can\n\"become\"...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T16:58:07.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66344",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-31T03:45:51.817",
"last_edit_date": "2019-03-31T03:12:44.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33248",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What does the なる and the と mean in this sentence",
"view_count": 149
}
|
[
{
"body": "Xになると and Xとなると are synonymous set phrases that mean \"when it comes to X...\"\nor \"as for X...\" They have nothing to do with something becoming something\nelse.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-31T02:54:58.860",
"id": "66347",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-31T02:54:58.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "66344",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> でも男のことに **なると** 、どうにも弱いとこがあってさ…\n\nThe と is a conjunctive particle (接続助詞) meaning \"When\" or \"If\". It's the と in\nyour second example:\n\n> と can be used to imply an inevitable outcome, eg. 六時になる **と** 、太陽が見える\n\n> that is not something you can \"become\"...\n\nThe subject of the なる is not the speaker, but more like \"things\" or \"topic\".\n\nAs the other poster says, 「～（こと）となると、」 or 「～（こと）になると、」 is a set phrase that\nmeans \"When it comes to~~\" \"Speaking of~~\".\n\nI would break it down to...\n\n男のこと - matters/issues about men \nになる - (it/things/situation/topic) becomes \nと - when",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-31T03:45:51.817",
"id": "66348",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-31T03:45:51.817",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "66344",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66344
| null |
66347
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66351",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "このシーンは **ヌき所** だな.\n\nDoes \"This scene is gold, ain't it.\" work?\n\nMany thanks in advance, sensei-tachi.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T18:56:56.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66345",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-31T07:24:21.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of ヌき所 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 190
}
|
[
{
"body": "If I guessed the context correctly, jisho.org explains this meaning of 抜く as\nthe **14th** definition:\n\n> ### 抜く\n>\n> 14. to masturbate (of a male); to ejaculate (while masturbating)\n>\n\n所 just refers to \"point\" within a video clip.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-31T07:24:21.790",
"id": "66351",
"last_activity_date": "2019-03-31T07:24:21.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66345",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66345
|
66351
|
66351
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66364",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When saying that someone or something is both this and that, is XもYもです\nappropriate?\n\n> 彼は画家も教師もです。\n\nI ask both for written and spoken. I feel like the copula is already a である so\nit should be something more akin to:\n\n> 彼は画家(で)も教師でもあります。\n\nOr something. But then that sounds formal or written-only.\n\nAs a non-beginner, this question is frankly a bit embarrassing to ask, as it's\nso fundamental, but I feel like it was never really specifically covered.\nEither that or getting used to reading more written form Japanese has messed\nwith my expectations.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-30T22:26:43.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66346",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-22T15:58:24.463",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-22T15:58:24.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22128",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-も",
"copula",
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "Two も clauses and then です",
"view_count": 195
}
|
[
{
"body": "You have to use で and say 彼は画家でも教師でもあります or 彼は画家であり教師でもあります, both in written\nand spoken Japanese. If you want to make it shorter, you can say\n彼は画家[[兼]{けん}](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%85%BC)教師です.\n\n彼は画家も教師もです is almost always ungrammatical, but in a rare [unagi-\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44053/5010), it may make sense.\n\n> みんなの将来の夢について。私は将来看護師になりたいです。佐藤君はサッカー選手です。田中君は画家も教師もです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T02:24:22.910",
"id": "66364",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-01T02:24:22.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66346",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66346
|
66364
|
66364
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66350",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does 懐かしむ suffice? Can it convey the sadness of losing someone close to you?\nIf not, how would one express such a thing?\n\nI'm having trouble dealing with this, as there are plenty of uses \"miss\" in\nEnglish that carry wildly different levels of emotion, and I'm not sure if\nthis variability carries over to Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "How would one say \"Grandma died, I really miss her\"?",
"view_count": 462
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, 懐かしむ is about feeling nostalgic, but not about feeling sad or lonely. Just\nas any dictionary says, this type of \"miss\" is usually translated as 寂しい,\n寂しく思う, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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66349
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 上には上がいるので自分はすごいんですなんてそうそう言っちゃいけないなとつくづく感じるわ……\n>\n> 本気ですごいでしょ？って言っていいのなんて世界で一番の界隈に入った時だけよな〜〜 じゃないと恥をかく\n\nI'd translate it as:\n\n> I strongly feel that, because there is always someone better than you, I\n> can't particularly say that I'm amazing\n>\n> I could only say that I'm amazing when I entered the best neigbourhood in\n> the world. Otherwise, I get embarrassed\n\nI saw 「X界隈」 can mean \"person who likes X\", but that doesn't seem to fit here.\nHowever, \"neighbourhood\" doesn't, either.\n\nThat's my main issue, but I also particularly don't understand this part:\n\n> 言っちゃいけないなとつくづく感じるわ\n\nIs that 「な」 the one that adds certain emotion at the end of the sentence?\n\nAnd I don't really understand this part either:\n\n> 本気ですごいでしょ？って言っていいのなんて世界\n\nIs that 「の」 the one that adds a tone of explanation?\n\nIs 「本気ですごいでしょ？って言っていいの」 qualifying 「世界」 through 「なんて」? If so, how could I\ntranslate it? I understand that the structure 「Aで一番B」 means \"the most B among\nA\". So that would turn the translation of the second part of the tweet into\nsomething like this:\n\n> Only when I entered the best neighbourhood in a world where I can easily say\n> that I'm seriously amazing\n\nI'm definitely wrong somewhere, so please help me.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-31T10:36:16.743",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "I can't understand this tweet",
"view_count": 254
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your translation of the first sentence is almost perfect except that そうそう in\nthis context means something like \"easily\" or \"too often\" (see\n[this](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E7%84%B6%E3%81%86%E7%84%B6%E3%81%86/);\nthis is a negative polarity item, i.e., it's used in combination with ない). な\nafter いけない is [this sentence-end\nparticle](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48917/5010) that \"adds\nemotion\".\n\nAs internet slang, 界隈 refers to a vague community of people who share the same\ninterest, or simply a formless group of people. So 世界で一番の界隈 is \"(around) a top\ngroup in the world\".\n\nThe second sentence is basically a [cleft-\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010), but のなんて is used\ninstead of のは. なんて is a topic-marker-like word used to make light of\nsomething. The \"base\" sentence is something like this, which I think is easier\nto understand:\n\n> 本気で「すごいでしょ？」って言っていい **のは** 、世界で一番の界隈に入った時だけ **だ** 。\n>\n> ≒ 世界で一番の界隈に入った時だけ、本気で「すごいでしょ？」って言っていい。\n>\n> It is only when you have entered a top group in the world that you can say\n> \"Aren't I amazing?\" seriously.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-01T03:28:08.630",
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66352
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{
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"body": "Looking at other posts I found\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/50318/how-\ndoes-%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0-function-here)\nmeaning of どうする and was wondering whether this is the same meaning and how the\nってんだ changes it compared to if he said 面と向かってどうする. I am guessing the\ndifference is that どうする would just be simply saying something like \"there is\nno point in doing that\", whilst どうするってんだ would be more like \"what point are\nyou saying there is in doing that\".\n\n> 「だって、見なかったことに……なんて言ったってさぁ。絶対思いだすよ。それなら隠れて思いだされるより面と向かっての方がいいもん」\n>\n> 「気持ちはわからんでもないが、 **面と向かってどうするってんだ** 」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-31T11:09:35.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66353",
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"owner_user_id": "33517",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"rhetorical-questions"
],
"title": "What does 面と向かってどうするってんだ mean",
"view_count": 366
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think your understanding is correct. ってんだ after a dictionary-form is short\nfor って言うんだ, which is colloquialism for と言うのだ. This どうする is a rhetorical\nquestion.\n\n * 面と向かって \"face-to-face\", \"while facing\"\n * どうする \"what will you do\"\n * ってんだ \"do you say\"\n\n> 面と向かってどうするってんだ \n> (Literally) What do you say are you doing face-to-face?\n\nThe actual implication is \"there is no point in doing something face-to-face.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-01T03:02:00.997",
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66353
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66365
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"body": "I need some help understanding whose 解釈が間違ってる in the following exchange, and\nalso what types of situations/contexts 解釈 can be used for this type of\nmeaning.\n\nFrom the below extract it is clear that 美奈都 misunderstands big time what her\nelder brother 真 says. However when 真 responds to 美奈都's original\nmisunderstanding he also misinterprets what she says(when he responds to\n身も心も?). So is the protagonist's line 「いや、待て。解釈が間違ってる気がするぞ」 referring to 真,\n美奈都, or both?\n\n> 主人公「な、なんで謝るんだよ……」\n>\n> 真「美奈都が……妹が迷惑をかけた。すまん」\n>\n> 真「こいつバカだから、勝手に一人で突っ走ってさ。ほんと、おまえがいなかったら、どうなってたか……」\n>\n> 主人公「いいって。友達だろ」\n>\n> 真「友達、か……俺は、それ以上になってもいいと思ってるから」\n>\n> 美奈都「そ、それ以上？」\n>\n> 真「おまえになら、任せられるっていうかさ」\n>\n> 主人公「真……」\n>\n> 美奈都「 **身も心も** ……？」\n>\n> 真「ああ」\n>\n> 美奈都「あ、兄貴……そんな風に思ってたんだ……」\n>\n> 身も心も……？\n>\n> 主人公「いや、待て。 **解釈が間違ってる気がするぞ** 」\n>\n> 真「俺も今そう思った……」\n>\n> 真「ま、まぁなんだ。これからもよろしく頼む」\n>\n> 主人公「あ、ああ。もちろん。俺も、そう思ってる」\n>\n> 真「そっか……」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-31T17:24:37.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66354",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Help understanding whose 解釈が間違ってる",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it refers to 美奈都 or 真. She seemed to think 身も心も implied that her elder\nbrother did not mind becoming the main character's lover and having sex with\nthe main character. But her elder brother didn't think the phrase meant that\nsense.\n\nThe interpretation of 身も心も between 美奈都 and 真 is different. So 解釈が間違ってる気がするぞ\nrefers to either. The one who wrongly interpreted 身も心も is 美奈都 from the point\nof view of 真, the one is 真 from the point of view of 美奈都. We don't know the\nmain character stood in which one's position.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-31T17:50:08.977",
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66354
|
66356
|
66356
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66358",
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"body": "How do you say \"I have begun studying Japanese\"?\n\nI have memorized all of the hiragana characters along with some grammar rules.\n\nI have made sentences on my own but I can't seem to get this right. I have\ntried this\n\n> にほんごべんきょうはじぇました\n\nIt sounds weird to me but I'm not completely sure if this is right or wrong\n\nIf possible, please write it in Romaji along with hiragana.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-31T17:38:03.303",
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"owner_user_id": "33519",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do you say \"I have begun studying Japanese\"?",
"view_count": 602
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your attempt:\n\n> にほんごべんきょうはじぇました\n\nFirstly, I'm assuming はじぇました was a typo for はじ **め** ました. Secondly, you're\nmissing a few particles. If you studied some grammar you should become\nfamiliar at an early stage with the object marking particle を and the\npossessive particle の.\n\nUsing these you could say:\n\n> にほんご **の** べんきょう **を** はじめました。 \n> nihongo no benkyou wo hajimemashita.\n\nwhere the whole of にほんごのべんきょう is the object of the verb はじめました i.e. the thing\nthat was started.\n\nWhen you see の the thing before の normally describes the thing after. So, what\nkind of study (べんきょう) is it? It's Japanese study, にほんごのべんきょう. Here べんきょう is\nused as a noun.\n\nThe verb はじめる also attaches to the masu-stem of verbs, so you could use\n\"study\" as a verb rather than a noun as we did above. The verb is べんきょうする. The\nmasu-stem of する is し. So \"started to study\" is べんきょうしはじめました。 The object is now\nsimply the thing we are studying, which is Japanese. So we get:\n\n> にほんご **を** べんきょうしはじめました。 \n> nihongo wo benkyou shi-hajimemashita.",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-31T19:11:00.450",
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66355
|
66358
|
66358
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66361",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been doing some research on おかげさまで and, not content with just memorising\nsayings, am wondering why おかげさまで is used as a standalone/response.\n\nDoes it mean 'thanks to you', 'thanks to God and society and everything', or\ndoes it just have the nuance of 'thank you'?. I'm mainly wondering, therefore,\nwho exactly is being thanked when this saying is used as a standalone. The\nclassic example is obviously\n\n> 「元気ですか。」\n>\n> 「ええ、おかげさまで。」\n\nThis then translates as: 'Are you well?'. 'Yes, thank you'.\n\nIs the listener being thanked? Because surely that would imply 'Yes, thanks to\nyour shadow (offering of some kind of support)'. And in the original example\nit is unlikely the listener has actually provided any support to the speaker\nmeaning it is incorrect/insincere.\n\nAlso, in the opening of 「ハリーポッターと賢者の石」you see the line:\n\n> 「おかげさまで、私どもはどこから見てもまともな人間です。」\n>\n> \"However you look at us, we are upstanding people, thank you very much.\"\n\nBut, literally, this would surely translate as 'With the support of X/by the\ngrace of X, however you look at us, we are upstanding people.'\n\nAgain, whose かげ is being referred to that has provided the support the speaker\nis referring to? The reader's かげ? The かげ of society and their circumstances?\nGod? Or does that saying just act as a standalone meaning 'thank you'?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-31T18:43:35.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66357",
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"owner_user_id": "32247",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"politeness",
"idioms"
],
"title": "About using おかげさまで as a standalone",
"view_count": 1145
}
|
[
{
"body": "おかげさまで _O-kage-sama de_ is just a modest and sophisticated way of saying\n\"Thank you.\" It means that your well-being and health are due to God and other\npeople, including the person you are talking to.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-03-31T20:00:03.093",
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{
"body": "As you are aware, the かげ in おかげさまで means \"shadow.\" Indeed, the original\nmeaning of おかげさまで was, \"Due to the shadow of the deities.\" The idea is that\nalthough the deities may not actively be trying to help you, _simply by\nstanding in their shadow_ you are protected. By extension, the person you are\nthanking may not have actively helped you, but you are thankful anyways.\n\nLooking at the definition of おかげさまで in [大辞林\n第三版](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BE%A1%E8%94%AD%E6%A7%98-451208), we find\n\n> 特に恩恵を受けていなくても、漠然とした感謝の気持ちを表す語。\n>\n> Translation: A word that expresses a vague sense of gratitude, even without\n> really being helped.\n\nExamples sentences from the same source are\n\n> 「 －で無事に帰って参りました」\n>\n> 「『御両親は御健在ですか』 『はい、－で』」\n\nAs for the question, \"whose おかげ is it?,\" another interpretation is given in a\n[Huffington Post article](https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/toshio-\ntanabe/okagesama-source_b_14000632.html). Here, the shadow is _invisible_. The\nidea here is that the speaker does not know who caused the shadow; the shadow\nis some mysterious object that the speaker cannot perceive.",
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"creation_date": "2019-03-31T20:31:45.727",
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66361
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66361
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"body": "In「命火眩暈」by 杏ノ助, there are the following lines.\n\n> 頽るる松、 甲羅なき亀 御簾を **上げれど** けふも宵\n\nThe other text is perfectly imitating a Sengoku-period Late Middle Japanese\nwith occasional classical. However, this particular form is unexplicable to\nme. It look like a modern-language use. I can only understand it as if there\nwas a 四段 verb あげる, which, according to the dictionary, never was; for an\nactual あぐ, which is 下二, the correct form would be あぐれど. What is happening, a\ncarelessness of author or some unclear intent?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-31T19:19:33.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66359",
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"owner_user_id": "27977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"classical-japanese",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "An unclear form in a song",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "I doubt [the lyrics](https://youtu.be/O-rXaKZXU1A) are \"perfectly imitating a\nSengoku-period Late Middle Japanese\". This is not typical 古語 I learned at high\nschool. 見 **た** and 焼 **い** て are modern 口語 and were not used in those days.\n起きられ **ぬ** should probably be 起きられず. Therefore I would say 上げれど is also a\nsimple mistake made by the author. Another possibility is that the author\nintentionally mixed the old and modern grammar and made pseudo-古文 for the sake\nof readability.",
"comment_count": 2,
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66359
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66363
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{
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"body": "Can anyone help me understand this sentence? 太郎は春子にたばこを吸われた。 I’m having a\nreally hard time understanding the translation given: “taro had a cigarette\nsmoked by Haruko on him.” Is there another way to translate it into English\nthat makes a bit more sense? I’ve tried searching for the sentence online to\nhopefully find someone who had the same question, but I couldn’t find\nanything.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-03-31T22:33:12.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66362",
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"owner_user_id": "33523",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"usage"
],
"title": "Could someone help me understand this sentence",
"view_count": 87
}
|
[] |
66362
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66368",
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"body": "On the Wikipedia page for the [Reiwa\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiwa_period) there's a section:\n\n> **Implementation**\n>\n> The Unicode Consortium has already reserved a code point (U+32FF) for a new\n> glyph which will combine halfwidth versions of reiwa's kanji, 令 and 和, into\n> a single full-width character.\n\nI'm finding it hard to imagine what ⿰令和 will look like though.\n\nAny ideas?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T06:59:12.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66367",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What will the new character ⿰令和 look like?",
"view_count": 2216
}
|
[
{
"body": "Since it is two characters put in a square for typographic consideration on\nlegacy environments, not meant to be a single character, no stylistic\nadjustment would be made and it would just look like two compressed characters\nadjacent to each other.\n\nSome Adobe staffs seemingly begin to work on the new glyph. He says the right\nshape should be the second one.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1cOgP.png) \n(<https://twitter.com/ken_lunde/status/1112556766233948165>)\n\n* * *\n\ncf. past era names...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hRaKk.png) \n(<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_Compatibility>)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-01T08:05:25.187",
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66367
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66368
|
66368
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66374",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know \"と\" sometimes connects two sentences, implying consecutive actions,\nreasoning or conditions. But none of these meanings fits here. My best guess\nof its meaning is \"I won't call you because I promised so.\"\n\nBut what does \"と\" actually imply here? What's the difference between:\n\n```\n\n 貴方を呼ばない約束するから\n 貴方を呼ばないと約束するから\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T10:08:55.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What does \"と\" mean in \"貴方を呼ばないと約束するから\"?",
"view_count": 356
}
|
[
{
"body": "と has a lot of uses.\n\nAs far as I know, と can be uses to point to:\n\n * a member of a complete list ( **X と Y と Z** => _noun X AND noun Y AND noun Z_ )\n * a cause of a natural consequence ( **condition A と natural consequence B** => _ALWAYS WHEN condition A THEN consequence B_ )\n * a partner also doing the action ( **person A と action Z** => _to do action Z TOGETHER WITH person A_ )\n * with certain type of adverbs (the so called **\"adverbs taking the 'to' particle\"** ), for example しっかり、だんだん etc.\n * a quote ( **X と [person A は] said** => _\"X\" said [person A_ ])\n\n* * *\n\nThe と used here is a quotation particle:\n\n`～と言う` => to say that ～\n\n`～と約束する` => to promise that ～",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T13:30:30.800",
"id": "66374",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-01T16:00:38.993",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The first suggestion\n\n> 貴方を呼ばない約束するから\n\ndoesn't work because you need to separate 貴方を呼ばない from 約束する. Otherwise it\nlooks like 呼ばない works as an adjective (?) describing 約束 (which doesn't make\nmuch sense).\n\n> 貴方を呼ばないと約束するから I would translate this as \"(Because) I promise you that I\n> won't call you\".\n\nThe から implies to me that there should be a preceding (imperative) sentence\nthat needs explanation; e.g. 心配しないで or 呼んで.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T15:39:55.667",
"id": "66375",
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"score": 1
}
] |
66370
|
66374
|
66374
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66373",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is a sound グパ in this manga (a plant tries to eat someone and makes グパ\nsound), but I can't find it in dictionaries and understand what it means and\nhow it can be translated. What does グパ mean? Is it just something like\n\"A-a-a\"?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/prSmx.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T10:52:57.637",
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"owner_user_id": "33533",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does グパ mean?",
"view_count": 422
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a mimetic word that describes the wide opening of a mouth or \"a mouth-\nlike thing\". Sometimes it also describes how a covering/husk is cracked, like\na watermelon or a human head cracked by an axe.\n\nThe better-known variant is unvoiced くぱぁ, which was popularized in the last\ntwo decades or so, and clearly has a sexual connotation (google it yourself;\nNSFW). Voicing of く [makes it sound\n\"rough\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/54142/5010), and it also avoids\nthe sexual connotation.\n\nI'm sorry, I don't know how this is translated into English...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T11:46:37.760",
"id": "66373",
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"parent_id": "66371",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66371
|
66373
|
66373
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I have a trivia game that I'm translating into japanese.\n\nI usually use single letter answer options like:\n\n```\n\n A. John\n B. Ashley\n C. Peter\n \n```\n\nWould I have to present it differently for the Japanese audience?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T11:43:48.893",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66372",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-01T11:43:48.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33534",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Single letter answer options for quiz",
"view_count": 30
}
|
[] |
66372
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66382",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The upcoming abdication of the Chrysanthemum Throne, the enthronement of\n[徳仁]{なるひと} and the start of the [令和]{れいわ}[時代]{じだい} presents a specific and\nunusual conundrum:\n\nIt has become customary to refer to former (i.e. dead) emperors of Japan by\ntheir era name rather than their given name, and impolite to refer to the\nsitting emperor by their era name.\n\nThe question then: Is this custom tied to enthronement and abdication (making\n[明仁]{あきひと} [平成]{へいせい}[天皇]{てんのう} on May 1st), or is it tied to 明仁's actual\ndeath (date TBD)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T15:59:46.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66376",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-30T23:33:33.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "519",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"names"
],
"title": "When is it appropriate to begin referring to 明仁 as 平成天皇?",
"view_count": 224
}
|
[
{
"body": "So far, never.\n\nHis title after death is not decided yet and technically could be other than\n平成天皇.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T18:29:15.223",
"id": "66377",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-01T18:29:15.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "The current Emperor Akihito will be called **上皇【じょうこう】** (\"Emperor Emeritus\")\nafter the abdication on April 30. The full name with an honorific title will\nbe (明仁)上皇陛下 (\"His Majesty the Emperor Emeritus (Akihito)\"). Something like\n昭和天皇 is a 追号 ([posthumous\nname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumous_name#Japan)), and the current\nEmperor will not be called 平成天皇 until his demise. (To be precise, his 追号 [can\nbe different](https://twitter.com/Kakanien_Sazae/status/1110807521118150656)\nfrom 平成天皇, but this is highly unlikely.)\n\nReferences:\n\n * [Wikipedia - 上皇 (天皇退位特例法)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%87_\\(%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E9%80%80%E4%BD%8D%E7%89%B9%E4%BE%8B%E6%B3%95\\))\n\n> 上皇（じょうこう、英: Emperor\n> Emeritus）とは、2019年（令和元年）5月1日以降の、天皇の退位等に関する皇室典範特例法第二条の施行に基づき退位する日本の天皇の称号。\n\n * [nippon.com -- Emperor Akihito to Be Called Emperor Emeritus after Abdication](https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2019022501074/emperor-akihito-to-be-called-emperor-emeritus-after-abdication.html)\n\n> Emperor Akihito will be called the Emperor Emeritus and Empress Michiko the\n> Empress Emerita after the Emperor's abdication on April 30, the Imperial\n> Household Agency said Monday. It has been already decided that in Japanese\n> the Emperor's post-abdication title will be Joko and the Empress' Jokogo.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-01T22:42:42.687",
"id": "66382",
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}
] |
66376
|
66382
|
66382
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66380",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From this\nblog:<https://web.archive.org/web/20150427230456/samuraimoon.blog67.fc2.com/blog-\nentry-226.html>\n\n> （うわ、こいつストーカー？ センター試験から目を付けられてたわけ！？ 月くん貞操のぴんちっ！）とか思っている目ですが、おくびにも出さずに会話を続けます。\n\nContext: It's from a scene in death note were L starts talking to Light out of\nthe blue when they first met, here Light thinks to himsef \"why is this weird\nguy (who's staring at me all the time) talking to me?\"\n\nI find this part very difficult to understand because I'm not sure who is\nsaying this. At first I thought It could be Light because that part\n(うわ、こいつストーカー？ センター試験から目を付けられてたわけ！？ 月くん貞操のぴんちっ！) is in blue in the post and\nthat's the color the author uses for all of Light's speeches so far. Also I\nthink he uses sentences in （） for when the characters are thinking to\nthemselves; but Light would be referring to himself as 月くん in his thoughts\nwhich I don't think that's possible, that's why I was thinking that line was\nfrom the author.\n\nFor the meaning of 思っている目 I think it's something like: Eyes that seem to be\nthinking of (something) like in \"someone has a look in his eyes that he is\nthinking of ...\". But maybe 目 doesn't mean literal eyes, maybe it means\nviewpoint or attitude in this context.\n\nI found this sentence too (which is clear that 目 means literal eyes):\n\n> メガネをすることでそのコンプレックスと思っている目を隠すことができるのです。\n\nI guess this would be: Eyes that seem to be thinking of inferiority complex =\nEyes that make one think of inferiority complex",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T20:08:38.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66378",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-01T22:32:02.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "Meaning of 目 in 思っている目 and usage of honorifics to refer to oneself",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "In Japanese, it's not uncommon for a child (especially a little girl) to use\ntheir own name as the first person pronoun(?). For example, instead of\nわたし/あたし, a girl whose name is かおる may use かおる (or sometimes even かおるちゃん) to\nrefer to herself. This happens both in reality and in fiction (it's [one of\nthe so-called \"moe traits\"](https://chara-\nzokusei.jp/explore?showAll=t&q=847&a=y&showAll=1)). I believe this is rare in\nEnglish; the only exception I know is Tarzan.\n\nThe line in question is Light's internal thoughts, but it's simulating the way\nof speaking of a stereotyped little child. This is why ぴんち is [written in all-\nhiragana](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15108/5010). Of course real\nLight does not speak or think like this even as a joke. This is yet another\n_boke_ made by the author of this blog post.\n\nFor everything else, I think your understanding is fine.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T22:32:02.867",
"id": "66380",
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] |
66378
|
66380
|
66380
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66383",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this term while reading doujinshis & also on R-movies\ndescription, but I can't find the meaning of the word. Is it all right to\ntranslate it as ハメ (screwing, xxxx-ing)? Or does it have a more specific\nmeaning?\n\nMany thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-01T20:19:07.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66379",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-02T06:09:21.900",
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"owner_user_id": "33512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "ずぽ meaning in ずぽハメ",
"view_count": 942
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's ズポ + ハメ. ハメ is \"screwing\"; it's the stem of the verb\n[はめる](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%B5%8C%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B). ズポ/ズポッ/ズッポリ/etc is\nan mimetic/onomatopoeic word that describes how something is deeply stuck in a\nhole-like or snow-like object. It also describes the friction noise of\nsomething being stuck. It is commonly used to describe an aggressive\nintercourse or its sound. Here are some safer examples:\n\n> * ゴム長靴をずぽっと履く\n> * 落とし穴にズポっと填まった\n> * 車が雪にずっぽり埋まって動かせない\n> * ズポズポと膝まではまりながら雪道を歩く\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-02T03:03:42.953",
"id": "66383",
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"score": 7
}
] |
66379
|
66383
|
66383
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66392",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my native language (not Japanese), the [Sino-\nXenic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Xenic_pronunciations) word for \"ten\nthousand\" (萬) is only used in historical contexts. In modern times, the\nWestern way of counting in thousands is much preferred, and thousand\nseparators are used. All that makes it quite difficult to intuitively discern\nlarge numbers in Japanese, because Japanese counts in myriads instead. After\nten thousand (一万), it starts to become more difficult to immediately know what\nlarger numbers, like say 二百五十万, actually mean, without taking some time to\nbreak them down.\n\nSo is there a methodology for practicing thinking in myriads in order to count\nmore easily in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-02T06:20:43.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66385",
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"last_editor_user_id": "10168",
"owner_user_id": "10168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"numbers"
],
"title": "Is there a methodology for forming the intuition to count in myriads?",
"view_count": 160
}
|
[
{
"body": "This answer may not be very helpful but...\n\nI agree that large numbers are very difficult to intuitively understand when\nyou are used to counting in units of thousands. I still have difficulty with\nit even after years of study. The only way I found that helped was to memorize\ncertain key numbers as reference points and drill them in English. Some of the\nkey numbers I use as reference points are:\n\n> 五十万 half a million \n> 百万 one million \n> 千万 ten million \n> 一億 one hundred million \n> 十億 one billion\n\nI committed them to memory and revised/drilled them often until I knew them\nvery well. When I come across a number, I calculate it using those reference\npoints. For example, you gave 二百五十万. In my head, I would first see the 万 and\nthen the 二百 and think \"that is two million\". Then I would add the 五十万 (half a\nmillion) to arrive at the answer 2.5 million.\n\nI know it's probably not a very efficient way of doing it, but when you get\nused to it, you can calculate fairly quickly.\n\nI have the most trouble with money because there is an additional mental\ncalculation of how much a number in yen is valued in Dollars or Euro (or\nwhatever other currency).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-02T12:55:44.380",
"id": "66392",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "66385",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
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66385
|
66392
|
66392
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66390",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was watching [this video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vk3aKqMQwhM) (it's\nactually a really good series, despite the odd presentation). In it, there is\nthe example:\n\n> おばけがこわい。 \n> Ghosts are scary.\n\nNo problem there, but the series has been talking a lot about how the zero-\npronoun marks the subject in a sentence, and that the default pronoun is \"I\"\n(in the absence of other context). It then goes on to say that こわい on it's own\nmeans \"I am scared\", i.e. we took away the subject and it has now been\nreplaced with the default \"I\".\n\nThis of course means that the meaning of こわい has changed from \"to be scary\"\ninto \"to be scared\". But is this really what's happening? In the case of just\nこわい, why can't we assume that the zero-pronoun is actually \"it\" rather than\n\"I\"? Then we have \" **It** is scar **y** \" which basically is the same as \"\n**I** am scar **ed** \", and then the adjective doesn't have to change meaning?\n\nI also wonder what happens if we explicitly write the subject \"I\":\n\n> 私がこわい。\n\nDoes this mean \"I am scared\" or \"I am scary\"? I suspect it is still \"I am\nscared\", so how would you actually say \"I am scary\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-02T08:49:33.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66387",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-12T04:47:04.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Different meanings of こわい",
"view_count": 4090
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"Aがこわい\" commonly means \"A is horrible(scary)\", \"I am scared of A\". So 私がこわい is\ncommonly interpreted as \"I am horrible(scary)\". For example,\n昨日、友達に意地悪をしてしまった。私がこわい.\n\nIf you want to say \"I am scared\", you can say \"私はこわい\", \"私はこわがっている\".\n\nHowever, \"Aはこわい\" can mean both \"A is horrible(scary)\" and \"A is scared\", so if\nyou clearly want to mean \"\"A is scared\", you can say \"Aはこわがっている\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-02T11:33:12.187",
"id": "66388",
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"score": 9
},
{
"body": "First things first.\n\nこわい means \" _to be scary_ \". It's not a verb. It's an i-adjective, which means\nit describes a state of something, hence the inclusion of \"to be\".\n\nSo 私がこわい means \" _I'm scary_ \" (to be exact, I think it's: \" _[ **Who** is\nscary?] **I** am the scary one_\") rather than \" _I'm scared_ \". That could be:\n私はこわい which is using the topic particle は and the so-called \"zero-pronoun\".\nBut the meaning of 私はこわい doesn't end here.\n\nLet's dig into it a bit.\n\nMost English speakers are hung up on the idea that in every sentence there\nmust be an explicitly stated subject (it's easier on me since my native\nlanguage is Polish and in Polish the subject-actor is often omitted, although\nwords are inflected in a way that helps us understand WHO is doing something).\nJapanese tend to omit as much as possible, especially in casual language. That\nmeans both subject and topic (which may be the same thing) can be omitted if\nthey can be inferred from context. This concept is difficult to understand for\nEnglish speakers, since English is a language with a fairly rigid grammar\nstructure. To help English speakers understand that the subject IS there even\nif sometimes you just don't see it explicitly expressed in the sentence, the\nconcept of the so-called \"zero-pronoun\" is introduced. And it can be a bit\nconfusing (Personally I don't like it).\n\nFull sentence with こわい, without omissions, would look something like this:\n\n> SCARED PERSON は [<=topic] SCARY THING が [<=subject] こわい。\n\nSupposedly.\n\nBut the subject can also be the topic:\n\n> THING は [<=topic: possibly subject, possibly actor] こわい。\n\nWho is scared in this sentence? What if the scary thing is also a \"person\"\nthat can be scared\"? Does this mean that:\n\n * I'm scared of the THING\n * someone I'm talking about is scared of the THING\n * the THING is simply objectively scary\n * the THING is scared of something\n * the THING is scared of itself\n\nAll of the above could be correct. It depends on the context: who said it,\nabout what, what was said before this sentence.\n\nSide note: は carries the feeling of \" _contrast_ \" with it - は contrasts the\nthing it follows with other things. Something like: \" _(compered to what I was\nspeaking of before / all the other things) speaking of THIS TOPIC..._ \". In\nfact, I think this is the primary function of は, and its function as a topic\nparticle stems from exactly this.\n\nSo what happens in the above example? How can it mean all these different\nthings?\n\n**I'm scared of the THING**\n\nIf in conversation WHO is not mentioned in the sentence or wasn't explicitly\nstated as a topic before, it is usually assumed that the speaker is speaking\nabout themselves. In fact, it is considered somehow rude to constantly go 私は\nthis, 私は that, you may sound a bit conceited. Apparently unless Japanese\npeople absolutely need to, they don't say 私は.\n\nSo \"`THING は [<=topic] こわい`\" can be:\n\n> (私 は) THING は こわい。 = (Speaking of me) speaking of this THING (in contrast to\n> other things), it is scary => I'm scared of this THING.\n\nIt isn't that こわい means \"to be scared\", that's just the way it's translated\ninto English, because it sounds better than the direct translation.\n\nNotice the similarity to \"`SCARED PERSON は [<=topic] SCARY THING が [<=subject]\nこわい`\". It's not that the THING suddenly isn't the subject of this sentence,\nit's just that the particle が got \"swallowed\" by the topic particle は.\nParticle は tends to do that.\n\n**someone I'm talking about is scared of the THING**\n\nMaybe we're describing someone else at the moment, and that person was\nmentioned earlier. We know who we're talking about, there's no need to\nconstantly repeat it. For example, I'm talking about Kaori, and she is scared\nof this thing:\n\n> (かおり は) THING は こわい。= (Speaking of Kaori) speaking of this THING, it is\n> scary => Kaori is scared of the THING.\n\n**the THING is simply objectively scary**\n\nThis one is simple.\n\n> THING は こわい。= Speaking of this THING, it is scary. => The THING is scary.\n\nFor example:\n\n> クモはこわいですね。= Spiders are scary, aren't they?\n\n**the THING is scared of something**\n\nHere we can see the power of context.\n\n> THING は (some other scary thing が) こわい。= Speaking of this THING, (some other\n> scary thing) is scary => The THING is scared.\n\nFor example `犬はこわい` can both mean that \" _dogs are scary_ \" and \" _the dog is\nscared (of something else)_ \".\n\n**the THING is scared of itself**\n\nThis one is interesting. Theoretically (I'd like a confirmation from someone\non this)\n\n> THING は (THING itself が) こわい。= Speaking of this THING (the THING itself) is\n> scary => The THING is scared of itself.\n\nAn example of something like this (although the が particle is used here):\nthere's a song by Thomas Dolby \" _I Scare Myself_ \". The title was translated\ninto Japanese as \"`私がこわい`\". \"I Scare Myself\" can technically mean \" _(to\nmyself) I'm scary_ \"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "怖い indeed means both \"to be scary\" and \"to be scared\" depending on the\ncontext. You may feel this is insane, but English has similar examples, too,\nso let me explain about this first.\n\nIn English, \"I am sad\" means this person is feeling sorrow, but \"The news is\nsad\" does not mean this news is feeling sorrow. Why? Because [\"sad\" has two\ndistinct meanings](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sad), \"to feel\nsorrow\" and \"to cause sorrow\". In English, \"He worries about it\" and \"He is\nworried about it\" mean almost the same thing. Why? Because [\"worry\" has two\nmeanings](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/worry), \"to feel anxiety\"\nand \"to cause anxiety\". In both examples, you can easily choose the right\nmeaning from the context. But \"worry\" is a very confusing word to a learner\nlike me.\n\nJapanese 怖い works similarly to English \"sad\". 怖い means both \"to feel fear\" and\n\"to cause fear\". You have to accept this fact and learn to choose the correct\nmeaning using your common sense.\n\n> * 私は怖い。 \n> [after talking about a risky plan] I am scared. \n> [in a self-introduction] I am scary.\n> * おばけは怖い。 \n> Ghosts are scary (beings).\n> * 彼は怖い人だ。 \n> He is a scary person.\n> * 怖い人はこの映画を見なくていい。 \n> Those who are scared don't have to watch the movie.\n>\n\nMany Japanese adjectives including 嬉しい, 悲しい and 楽しい work similarly.\n\n> * 彼は楽しい。 \n> [in an introduction] He is a fun person.\n> * 私は楽しい。 \n> [in an amusement park] I am having fun.\n>\n\n* * *\n\nNow, what about おばけ **が** 怖い? Now we have が instead of は. When we say おばけが怖い,\nit no longer means \"Ghosts are scary (in general)\", but there are several\npossible ways to interpret it:\n\n 1. I am scared of ghosts. / Ghosts are scary to me.\n 2. (Hey,) Ghosts are (now) being scary (although ghosts are normally not scary).\n 3. It is ghosts that are scary/scared.\n\nThe first one is a well-known \"double subject\" interpretation. It's the same\nas 私はおばけが怖い but 私は is omitted. I would say this is the natural interpretation\nwhen there is no particular context.\n\nThe second interpretation is rather special; it is a [現象文 that is using\nneutral-description _ga_](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43213/5010) to\nreport a temporary fact. Can you see the critical difference between these\nsentences?\n\n> * ママ **は** 怖い。 My mom is (always) scary. (as a known fact)\n> * ママ **が** 怖い。 My mom is scary (now, although she is usually calm)! (new\n> information)\n>\n\n> * 財布 **は** ない。 I don't own a wallet. (as a known fact)\n> * 財布 **が** ない。 My wallet is missing! (new information)\n>\n\nHowever, it's difficult to interpret おばけが怖い as a 現象文 because ghosts are\nnormally scary.\n\nThe third interpretation is using exhaustive-listing _ga_. But this makes\nsense only in a certain context.\n\nAs a result, the only natural interpretation of おばけが怖い when there is no\ncontext is \"I am scared of ghosts\" with the omitted topic 私 **は**.\n\n* * *\n\nHow about 私が怖い? This does **not** mean \"I am (usually) a scary person\" because\nit's using が instead of は. But it cannot be a 現象文, either, because it doesn't\nmake sense to report one's own anger like this. So the only natural\ninterpretation would be exhaustive-listing _ga_.\n\n> * 私 **は** 怖い。 I am a scary person. / I am scared.\n> * 私 **が** 怖い。 \n> It's me who is scary. (as a response to a question like \"Who is the\n> scariest person in your family?\") \n> It's me who is scared. (as a response to \"Our kids are not scared of this\n> roller coaster!\")\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-02T12:09:39.137",
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"score": 31
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66396",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I actually like the new 年号 kanji 令和, but I must admit I was surprised by the\nchoice of 令. According to [this\narticle](https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/04/02/national/70-approve-\nreiwa-name-japans-next-imperial-era-poll-shows/) in the Japan Times,\n\n> The new era name is composed of two Chinese characters — “rei” meaning\n> “good” or “auspicious” but also denoting “command,” and “wa” meaning\n> “harmony” or “peace.”\n\nThis seems to give the impression that 'command' is a subordinate meaning, but\nI I believe I am correct in saying that the dominant meaning of 令 by far is\n'command' or 'order', and that the meaning of 'good' or 'auspicious' is a very\nobscure usage. Most modern words containing 令 denote the 'command' meaning\n(see [here](https://jisho.org/search/*%E4%BB%A4*%20%23words?page=2)). Yes, I\nunderstand that they chose a historical text of key importance, but perhaps\nsomeone could enlighten us on what the process might have been on selecting\nthat particular character. I defer to the knowledge of scholars of course, but\nI am very curious as to how/why they came to agreement on 令. Am I correct in\nassuming that most Japanese people were not aware of this obscure meaning of\n令?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-02T12:31:52.863",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "How obscure is the use of 令 in 令和?",
"view_count": 2413
}
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[
{
"body": "As a matter of fact, I did not even recall the meaning of \"command/order\" when\nI first saw 令和. 令 struck me as \"just another nice-sounding kanji\".\n\nAlthough 玲 and 怜 may be more popular, 令 is not rare at all in person names\n(e.g., 令二, 令奈). These are so popular and natural in proper nouns that I don't\nusually bother to care what they mean.\n\nIn addition, virtually every adult knows the word 令嬢 (181 instances in BCCWJ).\nFrom what I have observed, many people quickly recalled the positive meaning\nof 令 from this word.\n\nOf course there are always people who hate everything the government does, but\nthe majority of people seem to be welcoming.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-02T15:05:46.890",
"id": "66394",
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"body": "All the previous _nengo_ are from _Chinese_ Classical Chinese texts - this\nshould set a precedence that, if you aren't familiar with the Chinese\nClassics, you wouldn't (fully) understand the choice of characters in a\n_nengo_.\n\nEven though the source text of the current _nengo_ is from the Japanese\n[_Man'yōshū_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB), the choice\nfrom this context is also _kanbun_ , and steeped in Classical Chinese\nvocabulary:\n\n> 于時、初春「令」月、氣淑風「和」、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薫珮後之香。\n>\n> Translation (as [given in\n> Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiwa_period)):\n>\n> _The time is young spring in a fair ( \"Rei\") month, when the air is clear\n> and the wind a gentle (\"wa\") breeze; when the plum flowers blossom a\n> beauty's charming white, and the fragrance of the orchids is their own sweet\n> perfume._\n\nI personally wouldn't have mentioned the meaning _command_ for「令」; although\nthat is its original meaning and also primary meaning for modern vocabulary,\nit is not relevant here. Please note the word from the poem is「令月」, which is a\nvocabulary item from Classical Chinese meaning _auspicious month_ (not\n\"command month\", which is nonsensical). From the [_Book of Etiquette and\nCeremonial_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiquette_and_Ceremonial):\n\n> 《儀禮・士冠禮》：＂令月吉日，始加元服，棄爾幼志，順爾成德，壽考惟祺，介爾景福。＂\n>\n> _Choose an auspicious month and day, wear a cap (in the coming-of-age\n> capping ceremony), shed yourself of immaturity, and cultivate the noble\n> virtues in adulthood. Longevity and auspiciousness are yours, and may great\n> fortune be bestowed upon you._",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-02T15:33:51.277",
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"body": "I know that ば is to indicate that \"if A happens, B will happen too\".\n\nSo, today, I've listened a song and it says:\n\n> I gotta believe \n> I don't wanna know 下手な真実なら \n> I don't wanna know 知らないくらいがいいのに \n> Why? Why? Why? Why? \n> 気づけば I came too far.\n\n(The mixture of Japanese and English is in the original.) I can't translate\nthe last verse. I don't think that it means \"If I realize\". So I would like to\nknow what is the meaning of this \"気づけば\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-02T17:33:06.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-02T18:45:45.847",
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"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "The usage of ～ば",
"view_count": 136
}
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[
{
"body": "It is a relatively minor, rhetorical usage of\n[**ば**](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/172830/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> **２** \n> ㋑ある事態・結果に気づくきっかけとなった動作・作用を表す。…したところが。「ふと見れば西空は夕焼けだった」「思えば悲しい出来事だった」\n\nIt has little conditional sense here, just takes sensory verbs before and some\nfact after, describing that the speaker just have recognized the fact (often\nbelatedly).\n\n> 気づけば I came too far. \n> = _When I realized it, I had (already) come too far._ \n> = _I had come too far before I realized it._\n\n(The tense in the translation above is somewhat confusing. I know... I guess\nthat's what the line actually means.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-03T07:21:36.687",
"id": "66409",
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{
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"body": "In 亜人 manga I've found the word `バキン`, at least it seems to me so (look at the\npicture), but I've only found the translation of the word `バキッ baki (crack)`\nand `パキン pakin (also crack)`. But on the picture I see `ン`, not `ッ` and `バ`,\nnot `パ`.\n\nIs there a difference between those two words, if no why it's written in the\nbook with ン, but in the sources - ッ.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VxLOK.png)\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/c44lO.png)\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NiHvW.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-02T19:00:05.823",
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"id": "66400",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"manga",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of バキン?",
"view_count": 643
}
|
[
{
"body": "Each onomatopoeia has a lot of variations, and unique ones are created fairly\noften. It's impossible for a glossary to list them all. The sound of a gunshot\nis represented like バン, バーン, バキューン, パン, パーン, ドン, ドーン, ズドン, ズドーン, ズガン, ズガーン,\nand so on and on. バキン is perhaps relatively uncommon, but it's still perfectly\nunderstandable.\n\nIn this case, you can break バキン into two and understand them separately:\n\n * バ (ba) represents a short explosive sound. It's bigger than パ (pa; typically the sound of a pistol).\n * キン/キーン/キューン represents a high-frequency sound (metallic or wind noise)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T02:22:05.097",
"id": "66403",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66400",
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"score": 4
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66400
|
66403
|
66403
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having a lot of trouble understanding what this means (bolded):\n\n> どこに行くんですか？\n>\n> あ。。。森。。。ですか。。。 森の中、そこだけは **何も無かったり、有ったり** 過去の遺物の集積場 「ここにやがてつまれるのかな？」\n\nWhat does 何も無かったり、あったり mean?\n\nThis is from a song.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-02T20:55:10.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66401",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-03T08:00:57.177",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What could 何も無かったり、有ったり mean?",
"view_count": 168
}
|
[
{
"body": "This seems to be from [初音ミクの終焉](https://www5.atwiki.jp/hmiku/pages/346.html).\n\nIt's not past tense (ta-form), but it's [**tari-\nform**](http://maggiesensei.com/2013/09/29/how-to-\nuse-%E3%80%9C%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8Atari-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6tarishite/)\nused to list two or more verbs [and\ni-adjectives](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29317/5010). So\n「何も無かったり、有ったり」 roughly means \"sometimes there is nothing, sometimes there is\nsomething\" or \"there may or may not be something\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T08:00:57.177",
"id": "66410",
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{
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"body": "These words have similar meanings along the lines of:\n\n\"deal with\" \"take care of\" \"settle\" \"manage\" \"handle\" \"process\" some issue or\nsomething\n\nFor example what are the nuances of these sentences?\n\n 1. 問題をうまく扱う\n 2. 問題をうまく捌く\n 3. 問題をうまく解決する\n 4. 問題をうまく処理する\n\nI have difficulty differentiating the contexts that each are used in and it's\nmeanings.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T03:09:37.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66404",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-03T05:59:13.283",
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"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 扱う、捌く、 解決する and 処理する",
"view_count": 205
}
|
[
{
"body": "* **扱う** : literally \"do something with it while holding it in hands\"\n * **捌く** : literally \"quickly put away / clean up\"\n * **解決する** : straightforwardly \"solve\" or \"settle\"\n * **処理する** : \"process\" or \"dispose of\"\n\nThe last two just mean what those words mean, so the problem is the first two.\nThey each carry specific metaphor when used with abstract things.\n\n扱う puts a focus on careful handling, or the method you take when you handle\nsomething.\n\n> 問題をうまく扱う\n\nis thus heard when you take care of it wisely without messing it up or letting\nit break down etc. In this collocation, 扱う also could be interpreted as \"bring\nup (as a topic)\".\n\n捌く suggests efficient or high throughput processing. When you say\n\n> 問題をうまく捌く\n\nit is like you deal with it nimbly, with minimal effort, or arranging people\nto have it done smoothly etc. Sometimes it even implies triaging (i.e. you\ndon't cope with every corner of the problem).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T05:59:13.283",
"id": "66408",
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"score": 6
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66408
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"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I know how ~がる constructions work in reference to subjects in the third\nperson. However, I am a bit lost in regards to which situations necessitate\nthe use of ~がる with the first person.\n\nFor example this sentence is correct:\n\n> 私がアイスクリームを食べたがると、母が食べさせてくれた。\n\nBut this sentence is wrong\n\n> 私がアイスクリームを食べたいと、母が食べさせてくれた。\n\nI don't know why.\n\nUpon conducting some google searches in an attempt to find the answer to this\nquestion, I found [a\nsource](http://blog.livedoor.jp/s_izuha/archives/6284569.html) saying that one\ncan use ~がる with the first person to narrate something that happened to them\nin a detached manner. Interesting but not really relevant to this particular\ndistinction, I think. Or is it?\n\n[This\npaper](https://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/nichigen/menu7_folder/symposium/pdf/8/06.pdf)\nalso mentions the existence of the first person ~がる construction, but I'm\npretty sure it doesn't say anything helpful (but I could have overlooked\nsomething).\n\nDoes anyone specifically know why 食べたがる MUST be used in the above sentences?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T03:29:24.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66405",
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"last_editor_user_id": "20603",
"owner_user_id": "20603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Using ~がる in the first person",
"view_count": 114
}
|
[] |
66405
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "その舗装された地面の上に腰を落としている。 what does 腰を落としている means in this context? does it really\nmeans that lose waist? or its like 身を落とす。 means be humble?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T04:35:31.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66406",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-03T04:57:47.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29921",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "meaning of 腰を落としている",
"view_count": 773
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context, it's just another way of saying \"to sit\". 腰を下ろす is a synonym.\n\nIn a different context, 腰を落とす can also mean this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ORm9k.png) \n(C)pan (<https://www.kamitokatachi.com/>),\n[redistributed](https://www.kamitokatachi.com/entry/2015/02/21/204117) with\nmodification under [CC BY-NC 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-\nnc/4.0/)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T04:48:30.307",
"id": "66407",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66406",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
66406
| null |
66407
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From my understanding, the 万葉集 is written in 万葉仮名 which uses a limited set of\ncharacters solely for their 音読み reading rather than for their semantic\nmeaning.\n\nIn light of this, I am curious how difficult it is for a Native Japanese\nspeaker to be able to read the 万葉集.\n\nFrom the recent announcement of the Reiwa era being taken from the following\npassage:\n\n初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薫珮後之香\n\nI saw that it was also presented in modern Japanese as\n\n初春の令月にして、気淑く風和ぎ、梅は鏡前の粉を披き、蘭は珮後の香を薫らす。\n\nIs the latter a large jump to the former for someone with a typical University\nlevel education that doesn't focus on literature such as this?\n\nI was told by an acquaintance that a typical mainland Chinese person would be\nable to trivially read this passage of the 万葉集. Is this true? I have my doubts\nfor the aforementioned reasons: I believe it uses the characters for their 音読み\nand should in principle not make sense when read without a Japanese vocabulary\nand I would expect that any language would have evolved from AD 759 so\nsignificantly that it should be difficult to read by anyone. That leads me to\ndoubt that this cannot possibly be \"trivial\" for a Chinese person to be able\nto read.\n\nNevertheless, I am having a great deal of difficulty finding reasonable\nsources that support or deny the claim.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T08:06:56.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66411",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-05T00:47:56.267",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-03T20:41:28.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "10196",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"old-japanese",
"manyōgana",
"kanbun"
],
"title": "How difficult is the 万葉集 to read?",
"view_count": 462
}
|
[
{
"body": "As others have noted, there are multiple parts to the _Man'yōshū_.\n\n * The commentary, prefaces, and various other bits of text were written in a version of Classical Chinese, known as [漢文]{kanbun}, and either read as-is using the on'yomi values in a style known as [音読]{ondoku} (literally \"sound reading\", using the sound values borrowed from Chinese), or interpreted into almost-Japanese in a style called [訓読]{kundoku} (literally \"meaning reading\", using the native-Japanese words that correlated to the meanings of the kanji and supplying the unwritten particles). \n * The _kanbun_ portions of the text are basically Classical Chinese, so any well-educated Chinese reader would presumably be able to read and understand _kanbun_.\n * The era name [令和]{Reiwa} comes from the _kanbun_ preface for _Man'yōshū_ poems 815 through 846, as visible [here](http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man5Yos.html#815) in the smaller text just below the poem number.\n * Your first line of sample text is _kanbun_ : \n\n> 初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薫珮後之香\n\n * Your second line of sample text is the _kanbun_ reinterpreted into Japanese in a fashion similar to _kundoku_. Notice the particles have appeared, and the kanji are repositioned in a few places to better match Japanese grammar. \n\n> 初春の令月にして、気淑く風和ぎ、梅は鏡前の粉を披き、蘭は珮後の香を薫らす。\n\n * The poems are written in the Japanese of the time using a combination of kanji used for their sound values (the _man'yōgana_ , where [仮名]{kana} literally means \"borrowed character\", as they were borrowed for their sounds) and kanji used for their meanings. \n * Different poems were written at different times by different writers. Some poems are entirely in phonetic _man'yōgana_ , and others are in a mixture of phonetic _man'yōgana_ and semantic kanji used for their meaning. Here's the start of [poem 2](http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man1Yos.html#2), for instance, showing a mix (I've modernized the romanization somewhat): \n\n> [原文] 山常庭 村山有等 取與呂布 天乃香具山 騰立 \n> [訓読] 大和には 群山あれど とりよろふ 天の香具山 登り立ち \n> [Rom] Yamato ni wa mura-yama aredo tori-yorou Ama-no-kagu Yama nobori-tachi\n\nThere are two big challenges in reading the poetry of the _Man'yōshū_.\n\n 1. Simply having all the kanji in one's head. The number of ways you could spell し, for instance: \n子之芝水四司詞斯志思信偲寺侍時歌詩師紫新旨指次此死事准磯為 \nAnd that list may not even be exhaustive. (See also [the Wikipedia article on\n_man'yōgana_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana#Types) for more\ndetail.)\n\n 2. Figuring out when a given kanji is being used phonetically (for its reading), and when it's being used semantically (for its meaning). For instance, 波 is used in many poems (such as [poem 793](http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man5Yos.html#793)) for its _on'yomi_ of _ha_ (in Old Japanese, probably _pa_ ), for which it is used as a stand-in for the topic particle は. But in other places (such as [poem 1068](http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man7Yos.html#1068)), it's used for its meaning \"wave\", when it's read as _nami_ instead.\n\nSo take from all that what you will. My own take on _\"How difficult is the 万葉集\nto read?\"_ is \"very difficult, and not something for beginners.\"\n\n**Additional note:**\n\nThe above describes how to simply work out the sound values. Add in the\nsignificant wrinkle that the _Man'yōshū_ poems were written no later than\naround 759, some of them possibly centuries earlier, and you also have to\nfactor in changes in grammar and vocabulary since the Old Japanese (OJP) of\nthat era. For instance, が and つ are more commonly used as possessive particles\nin OJP than the modern の, while modern object particle を was used more as an\nemphatic, or as a sentence-ending particle to show admiration. Meanwhile, the\npassive ending was ゆ rather than られる, and modern causative suffix す was\ninstead an honorific. This linguistic drift is a large part of the reason why\n[古文]{kobun} or \"old language\" dictionaries exist, explaining the ancient\nlanguage to modern readers of Japanese. One such example is available online\nvia [Weblio](https://kobun.weblio.jp/).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T19:45:38.813",
"id": "66417",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66411",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
66411
| null |
66417
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to make contact with one of my mother's old friends from some time\nago, and I don't think she really knows or remembers me -- thus, I'd like to\nbe able to identify myself as, say, Jane Doe's son or daughter.\n\nI've searched all over the place and have found musuko/musume, but from what\nI'm understanding, it's what parents use to refer to their own (or other\npeople's?) children. Would I be able to apply that term to myself as well?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T08:27:56.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66412",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T06:44:32.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33563",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How to identify myself as someone's son/daughter?",
"view_count": 259
}
|
[
{
"body": "> from what I'm understanding, it's what parents use to refer to their own (or\n> other people's?) children\n\nNo, musuko/musume does not have such a restriction. You can safely use\nmusuko/musume when you say something like \"I am a son/daughter of Jane Doe\" or\n\"Jane Doe had four sons/daughters.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T06:44:32.460",
"id": "66430",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T06:44:32.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66412",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66412
| null |
66430
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Good day everybody,\n\nMy name is Salva, which in katakana is written サルバ (saruba)\n\nHowever, the japanese word for Monkey is SARU, written in kanji as 猿, but it\nis also very common to see it written in katakana as サル\n\nThis leads me to wonder if writing my name as サルバ (SARUBA) can have some bad\nmeaning because it contains the word \"Monkey\" サル (SARU).\n\nWhat do you think about this?\n\nThank you very much in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T12:12:32.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66413",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-05T23:56:50.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31011",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"katakana",
"names"
],
"title": "Possible bad meaning of サル (Saru)?",
"view_count": 1483
}
|
[
{
"body": "The short answer is \"Don't worry\". Reasons:\n\n * There are already many loanwords that contain サル, such as サルサ \"Salsa\", フットサル \"futsal\" and サルベージ \"salvage\".\n * For historical reasons, Japanese has tons of homophones. せいこう ( _seikō_ ) means \"success\", \"precision\" and \"sexual intercourse\". かみ ( _kami_ ) means \"paper\", \"hair\" and \"god\". In a language like this, the similarity between サルバ and サル is virtually nothing. It may work as a wordplay for kindergartners, but mature adults will feel nothing about it.\n * _Monkey_ may have a strong derogatory nuance in Western countries, but historically speaking, monkeys are familiar animals and have not been disliked in many Asian countries including Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T06:29:43.300",
"id": "66429",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T07:04:09.660",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-04T07:04:09.660",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66413",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66413
| null |
66429
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Good day,\n\nI would like some clarification with regards to comparing nouns. In some\nreferences like Minna no Nihongo, the sentence formula would be something like\n\n> A と B と + どちら のほうが/が + Adjectiveですか。\n>\n> Example: 太陽と月とどちらが大きですか。 \n> Which one is bigger, the sun or the moon?\n\nBut when I was watching a [Japanese From Zero YouTube\nclip](https://youtu.be/1anHQbtV4os?t=617), か was used instead of と and the\nlast と was omitted.\n\n> Japanese From Zero example: 太陽か月どちらが大きですか。\n\nI am still a beginner, and for now what I've learned was that か is used as a\nparticle to indicate question, and と was used to join nouns. I was just\nwondering why か is acceptable in this example. Thank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T12:44:56.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66414",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-03T14:22:39.967",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33355",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "Comparing nouns",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[] |
66414
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66592",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Something like 良いお時代を。? Or would you specifically say 令和?\n\nIf not that, what would be a literal English translation?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T13:46:37.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66415",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-15T16:32:33.557",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-03T19:01:38.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "16125",
"owner_user_id": "16125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"set-phrases",
"culture"
],
"title": "How would you express the sentiment of \"Happy New Era\"",
"view_count": 392
}
|
[
{
"body": "Good afternoon, I was curious as well as what would be better to say so I\nlooked online to see what Japanese people were saying about the new era. No\none really said congratulations or happy new era, but I found one blog where\nthe writer said something like \"Congratulations for the new Era, 令和!\" \nShe wrote:\n\n> 令和、[新]{あたら}しい[時代]{じだい}の[幕開]{まくあ}けおめでとうございます！\n\n[Here](https://ameblo.jp/100suiren/entry-12451550121.html) is a link to the\nposters blog where I found this sentence.\n\nHope it helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T05:29:00.793",
"id": "66592",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33694",
"parent_id": "66415",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
66415
|
66592
|
66592
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw the following **sentences** in a picture (attached to the footnotes) and\nthe way it's written exactly the same:\n\n```\n\n ありがとうございます\n が溢れて溢れて\n \n 悲しくて悲しくて\n 人にお花を買いたいと思う気持ち。\n \n```\n\nSince it's from a social media, I think the sentence was broken out and a part\nof it dropped to the following line. But I don't understand the reason why the\nsentence finished in the te-form and using the same verb two times.\n\nBesides, as you can see, there is a line break between the two sentences, and\nthe person used the te-form for the 悲しい adjective and I don't know whether is\nconnected to the sentence or not, and I don't know if it's being used as an\nadverb or something else.\n\nThe person seemed to be breaking up with someone, because in another sentence\nthat it's not in the picture, they used 別れ.\n\nThank you.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/acmeN.png)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-03T23:46:37.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66418",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-08T23:41:39.947",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-08T23:41:39.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "17384",
"owner_user_id": "17384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "te-form being used two times with the same verb",
"view_count": 346
}
|
[
{
"body": "In the case, て is the first word of -ing, ている in Japanese .\n\n溢れて is 溢れ-ている 悲しくて is 悲しん-でいる\n\n-_________________________ ありがとうございます が溢れて溢れて\n\nYou can say,\n\nありがとうございます がとても溢れて\n\n* * *\n\n悲しくて悲しくて 人にお花を買いたいと思う気持ち。\n\nYou can say ,\n\nとても悲しくて 人にお花を買いたいと思う気持ち。\n\n* * *\n\nRepeating the same word is one of the common ways to emphasize it, and it\nmakes the expression more emotional, colloquial and so on.\n\nYou can say like the following, ありがとうありがとう が溢れて\n\n悲しくて悲しくて 人にお花を買いたい買いたいと思う気持ち。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T01:45:56.633",
"id": "66421",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T08:12:57.430",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-04T08:12:57.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33571",
"parent_id": "66418",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Is this a message card or something? Although this looks a bit \"self-absorbed\"\nto me, basically there was something very sad, but the author is also thankful\nto the \"staff\" at the same time.\n\nApparently ありがとうございますが溢れて溢れて is a title, so this te-form connects to nothing.\nEnding a sentence or a title with a te-form (or てさ, てね, てよ, etc) is possible.\nSee: [て form at end of phrase but not being used for\nrequests](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60762/5010) In a sense, this\nheavy use of the te-form makes this \"poem\" look more informal, colloquial or\nemotional. 溢れて is repeated simply for emphasis, just like how English speakers\nsay \"I ran and ran.\"\n\n悲しくて悲しくて seems to be [the te-form for reason/cause](https://www.learn-\njapanese-adventure.com/te-form-cause-reason.html). This person wanted to buy\nflowers because he/she was sad... I know that's an odd reason to buy flower,\nbut that's how I read this part.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-06T03:02:17.010",
"id": "66460",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-06T03:02:17.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66418",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
66418
| null |
66460
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66423",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 奴隷の分際で王に敬称で呼んでいただくなど……恐れ多いことです。\n\nThe slave asked the king to call him by his first name instead of using his\nsurname + \"san\", so the king asked him why. Then, the slave answered the above\nsentence.\n\nI don't understand the function of the particle \"に\", because it seems to imply\nthat is too much to call a king with honorifics, although with the context,\nit's exactly the opposite: to call a slave with honorifics. Is \"に\" linked to\n\"いただく\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T00:14:02.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66419",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T12:23:49.633",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-04T12:23:49.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "22343",
"owner_user_id": "22343",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-に",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "What is the function of \"に\" in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's the other way around. \"王に敬称で呼んでいただくなど……恐れ多いことです。\" means it is too much\nfor the king to call him with honorifics. The form Aに<てVerb>いただく simply means\nA is doing the action for the speaker.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T02:48:05.953",
"id": "66423",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T02:48:05.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
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66419
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66423
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66423
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that family members are considered to be inside one's group,\nallowing for sentences such as: 先生は母にレポートを送ってくれた。/ The teacher sent my mother\na report.\n\nNow, in the world of business, who belongs to one's group, exactly? One's\ncompany, colleagues, outside contractors hired for a temporary two-day\nassignment??\n\nExamples:\n\n 1. Company: お客様は弊社にお支払いをしてくれた。/ The customer paid our company. \n\n 2. Colleagues: お客様は同僚にお支払いをしてくれた。/ The customer paid my colleague.\n\n 3. A contracted consultant servicing a customer on behalf of the company: お客様はコンサルタントに要件を提供してくれた。/ The customer provided our consultant the requirements.\n\nCan the three receivers (弊社、同僚、and コンサルタント) be thought of as part of one's\ngroup? (or is one's group restricted to only direct family members?)\n\nI'm trying to practice the use of くれる, and need to understand who exactly can\nbe the receiver.\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T00:29:21.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66420",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-04T13:49:46.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "33543",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"business-japanese",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Who belongs to one's \"group\" in business?",
"view_count": 126
}
|
[
{
"body": "It seems you, or your teacher, confuses くれる with ～てくれる. The former, the\n\"inbound\" form of \"give\", is restrictive on the identity of receiver, that\nonly allows roughly \"those who are a part of life of you\". The latter, a\nsubsidiary verb that attaches to any other main verb, can be used regardless\nof the subject or the object, whenever the act benefits you in any degree, any\nform imaginable--your life, your job, or just making you a little happy.\n\nSo your three examples are all valid. You can even say something like:\n\n> バットマンが悪者を倒してくれた。 _Batman has beaten the villain._\n\nNeither Batman nor the villain is an existing person that may be related to\nyou, but if the movie pleased you, you could say it.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T13:05:31.990",
"id": "66434",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T13:05:31.990",
"last_edit_date": null,
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66420
| null |
66434
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66433",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Taken from the linked short passage about living away from one's family for\nwork. I copied the trouble sentence below with the sentences immediately\nbefore and after. <https://www.mlcjapanese.co.jp/n1_01_04.html>\n\n田中さんは今後おそらく３年、最低でも２年は家族と離れ離れの生活を余儀なくされることになるわけだが、本人は至って前向きだ。「そりゃあ、本音を言えばさびしいですよ。でも、受験生の娘や病気がちな母のことを考えれば、不慣れな思いをするのは私一人で十分ですよ」と笑っている。家族の心配をよそに、一人暮らしを満喫しようと、早速料理の本を買ったそうだ。\n\nI can't figure out the meaning of \"受験生の娘や病気がちな母のことを考えれば、不慣れな思いをするのは私一人で十分ですよ.\"\nPart of it is that I can't exactly define \"不慣れな思い\". He feels \"inexperience\"\nbeing a father, since he's not a part of his studying daughter's or sick\nmother's lives? But why would he feel OK suffering such a depressing feeling\nalone (私一人で十分です)? He feels good avoiding the difficulty his daughter/mother\nwould impose on him? That seems like a dark and selfish mentality for a\nneutral passage. I'm lost here.\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T02:47:53.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66422",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T12:22:31.820",
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"owner_user_id": "4382",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "Confusing translation? 「不慣れな思いをするのは私一人で十分ですよ」",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "In my opinion, there is a cultural differeence between Japanese and your\nnatinal's.that makes you can't understand it.\n\nHigh school Students who try to pass an university exam have usually to study\n5 subjects, including Japanese ,mathematic,English,science and social studies.\nIt's really massive burden on them. They even have to study harder to enter a\nhigh ranked university, which they have to sacrifice almost all of their time\nto study. Pluse the chance once in a year. They generally start to be in the\nuniversity soon after graduating high school. 12th graders are called 現役受験生.\nthey're labelled 浪人生 if they fail their exam. most students at university are\nthe same age. It means a bit awkward for 浪人生 who has success their exam to get\nwith yonger students, and also 現役 students are a lttle confused because of the\ngap of age. Seniority system is still deep rooted. As you see, it's only one\nchance in their life. Thus, moving at such a time give desperating stress on\n現役受験生.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T03:57:03.023",
"id": "66424",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T03:57:03.023",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "不慣れな思い (literally \"feeling/sense of unfamiliarity\") refers to all the\ninconvenience associated with the life in a new town. Starting to live in an\nunfamiliar town is tough to everyone, and 単身赴任 is especially tough to him\nbecause he is very bad at household tasks. But he also thinks that moving\ntogether with other family members would be worse because his daughter is a\n受験生 and his mother is not healthy.\n\n * 不慣れな思いをするの \nthose who will feel the inconvenience\n\n * 不慣れな思いをするのは私一人です \nIt's only me who will feel the inconvenience\n\n * ～で十分です \n～ is enough.\n\n * 不慣れな思いをするのは私一人で十分です \n(Although I myself have to move,) there doesn't have to be more than one\nperson who will suffer inconvenience.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T12:16:00.197",
"id": "66433",
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66422
|
66433
|
66433
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66428",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I see a lot of different explanations online but I'm not sure if I understand\nthe nuances correctly\n\nFrom what I can gather:\n\n仮定 is used when a situation is unclear and an assumption is made based on\nfacts and logic\n\n想定 is used when imagining a possible situation and assuming it happened\n\nConsidering this, I have trouble telling the difference between these\nsentences for example:\n\n> 1. 今，大地震が起きたと **仮定** したらまずどうしますか\n>\n> 2. 今，大地震が起きたと **想定** したらまずどうしますか\n>\n>\n\nI would like a more detailed explanation and if possible, some examples that\nshow where one would be used and not the other.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T04:39:58.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66425",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T08:08:58.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 仮定 and 想定?",
"view_count": 1305
}
|
[
{
"body": "# English\n\nBoth are words that describe to the future, but the conditions are different.\n\n> 大地震が起きたと仮定したら、まずどうしますか？\n\nIn the case 仮定, we will think uncertain whether an earthquake will occur, but\nwe will receive an attempt to let it happen.\n\n> 大地震が起きたと想定したら、まずどうしますか？\n\nIn the case 想定, we will think in advance that an earthquake will occur. The\nnuances of \"plan\" are just right. And Japanese say \"想定通り(as expected\") =\n\"計画通り(as planned)\"\n\n# 日本語\n\nどちらも未来について記す言葉になりますが、条件が変わります。\n\n> 今，大地震が起きたと仮定したらまずどうしますか？\n\n仮定の場合、地震が起こるか不確かではあるが、あえて起こるとしましょうと受け取ります。\n\n> 今，大地震が起きたと想定したらまずどうしますか？\n\n想定の場合、地震が起こることをあらかじめ考えておくことになります。 それは「計画」という言葉にニュアンスはちかいです。\n私達日本人の場合、「想定通り」＝「計画通り」ともいいます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T05:25:51.500",
"id": "66426",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T08:08:58.453",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-04T08:08:58.453",
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"owner_user_id": "33573",
"parent_id": "66425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "仮定 is close to \"hypothesis\", and it is can be used with something unlikely or\neven impossible. 想定 is close to \"anticipation\", \"expectation\" or sometimes\n\"assumption\". It is usually used when you vividly imagine or anticipate\nsomething, or when you do a serious planning/drill/training on the assumption\nof something.\n\n> 今、大地震が起きたと仮定したらまずどうしますか。 \n> [?] 今、大地震が起きたと想定したらまずどうしますか。\n\nThis use of 想定 sounds odd to me because this is merely a hypothetical\nquestion, i.e., the speaker knows an earthquake is unlikely to happen _today_.\nYou usually have to use 仮定 instead.\n\n> 大地震が起きたと想定して、今から避難訓練を行います。 \n> 大地震が起きたと仮定して、今から避難訓練を行います。\n\nBoth are okay, but 想定 sounds the quake is more likely.\n\n> この地域で大地震が起きると10万名以上の死者が想定される。\n\nYou cannot use 仮定 here because the number of deaths is expected/anticipated,\nnot hypothesized.\n\n> 想定質問 anticipated/expected/potential question (i.e., likely to be asked in an\n> upcoming presentation)\n>\n> 仮定の質問 hypothetical question (e.g., \"what if you were a president of the\n> US?\")\n>\n> この状況は想定できなかった。 The situation was beyond my expectation/imagination.\n>\n> この状況は仮定できなかった。 (does not make sense)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T06:04:06.003",
"id": "66428",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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}
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66425
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66428
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66428
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "About verb modify as nouns Normally verb if want to treat as nouns is add こと/物\n/の Today learned verb dictionary+に限る Why it is use dictionary form verb\ninstead of stem form From what I learn before verb stem + に行く,verb stem is\nused Does it mean に限る , the verb before に is treat as nouns? Example\n疲れた時はお風呂に入るに限る Is 入る as a nouns?How can に be put after a verb's plain form?\nWhat is this usage? Learned に can be put after a verb stem so far only Can\nverb directly use as a nouns?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T05:37:18.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66427",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T07:29:05.967",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33574",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "Dictionary form of verb as nouns",
"view_count": 302
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, に can come directly after the dictionary form of a verb in **many**\nsituations. It's hard to generalize.\n\n * [Dictionary form of verb followed by に](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27907/5010) (学校へ行くには早い)\n * [には with plain form of verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29886/5010) (いるにはいる, 書くには書く)\n * [What does the に do in 表情から察するに?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29418/5010)\n * [volitional + nimo 作ろう＋にも?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38540/5010)\n * [The meaning of に in [切り出すに切り出せず]](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24130/5010)\n\nIt may be best to memorize each pattern without thinking too much. But in case\nyou're curious, に was an [archaic conjunctive particle](https://www.hello-\nschool.net/haroajapa010017.htm) similar to modern と/ので/のに, and it is still\nsurviving in some constructions of modern Japanese. In addition, there was no\nnominalizer の/こと in archaic Japanese. In modern Japanese, sometimes the\ndictionary-form (or, to be exact, attributive-form) of a verb can act as a\nnoun in certain proverbs and idioms. See\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/64661/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T07:29:05.967",
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}
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66427
| null |
66431
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{
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"body": "As I observed, `下に` can be read in two ways: `しも.に` and `した.に`.\n\n * As far as I know, `した.に` can be used to indicate objects spacial arrangement. \n\n * How about `しも.に`? Dictionary says that it also means `down; below; downward` ([source](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%97%E3%82%82%E3%81%AB))\n\nWhen to use each reading form?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T09:34:40.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66432",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14283",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference in reading 下に: When to use しも.に or した.に",
"view_count": 86
}
|
[] |
66432
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66451",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Transitive-intransitive pairs are common in Japanese. But in general the\nreading of the _kanji_ is the same. I know of two exceptions: 出す{だす}-出る{でる}\nand 入れる{いれる}-入る{はいる}. Are there more?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T19:32:03.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66436",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-10T02:32:23.843",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-04T19:39:46.383",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"transitivity",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Transitive-intransitive pairs with different readings",
"view_count": 206
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are many possible ways to demarcate your question's scope, but if we\nfocus on _pairs whose morae until the shorter kanji coverage ends are\ndifferent_ (based on the current orthography), the number is quite limited.\n\n * **入【はい】る** ( _it._ ) : **入【い】れる** ( _t._ ) \nThe intransitive is a suppletion from はいいる \"sneak in\".\n\n * **出【で】る** : **出【だ】す** \nThe pair lost their initial mora; in Classical Japanese they were いでる and いだす.\n\n * **消【き】える** : **消【け】す** \nAlready different since the earliest appearance (きゆ vs. けつ).\n\n * **教【おそ】わる** : **教【おし】える** \nThe intransitive is post-Classical; perhaps the influence of 襲う \"inherit\"?\n\n * **出来【でき】る** : **出来【でか】す** \nA leveled conjugation of Classical いでく and its transitive by analogy.\n\n * **干【ひ】る** : **干【ほ】す** \nThe intransitive is almost obsolete but nevertheless in 常用漢字表 because of its\nnumerous compounds.\n\n * [Added] **陥【おちい】る** : **陥【おとしい】れる** \nThe sole paired compound verbs that let both elements alter (落ちる + 入【い】る vs\n落とす + 入れる) and have a single kanji.\n\nThe lengthy criterion above is to exclude such pairs that the kanji is allowed\nto span in unequal length under the orthography, which are not very rare:\n\n> 終【おわ】る (also 終わる) : 終【お】える / 冷【ひ】える : 冷【ひや】す (also 冷やす) / 泊【とま】る (also 泊まる)\n> : 泊【と】める / 変【かわ】る (also 変わる) : 変【か】える etc.\n\nAnd even:\n\n> 座【すわ】る : 据【す】える / 怖【お】じる : 脅【おど】す etc.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T16:08:32.220",
"id": "66451",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-10T02:32:23.843",
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}
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66436
|
66451
|
66451
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66440",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A friend and I are studying and she showed me this book she couldn't tell what\nthe kanji was after ヒト. We were able to decipher two out of 3 kanji 関わる and 見る\n(unless we're wrong do correct us).\n\nHowever, we're unable to find the third one after ヒト.\n\nAlso, where can I find an online resource that helps you identify cursive\nKanji?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/T3tSu.png)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T20:07:58.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66438",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-05T00:45:01.700",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-05T00:45:01.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "3568",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Unable to identify a semi-cursive? Kanji",
"view_count": 409
}
|
[
{
"body": "The second one is [視]{み}なければ (from 視る, not 見る), and the third one is 居なければ\n(from 居る). Note that 視る is a widely recognized reading of [みる](https://chigai-\nallguide.com/%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E8%A6%B3%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E8%A6%96%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%BA%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E7%9C%8B%E3%82%8B/)\n(but perhaps not an official reading).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T21:07:22.800",
"id": "66440",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-04T21:14:01.910",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-04T21:14:01.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "### Identifying the kanji\n\nTurning things horizontally and adding furigana:\n\n> どれほど奇天烈【きてれつ】 \n> 奇々【きき】怪々【かいかい】なデキゴトも \n> \n> ヒトが居【い】なければ \n> ヒトが視【み】なければ \n> ヒトが関【かか】わらなければ\n\nRemember that vertically written Japanese is read from top to bottom, from\nright to left -- so the character you were stuck on, 居, is the sixth fully-\nwritten kanji from the start of the text (excluding the 々 ditto marks).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T23:16:33.920",
"id": "66441",
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66438
|
66440
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66440
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"body": "The contrastive pair made by 山賊 (brigand) and 海賊 (pirate) works pretty well on\na mountainous island, where there are few other places for banditry. But if\nthe words are of Chinese origin, this symmetry works less well (China had\nplains and probably brigands there too). So is this contrast between 山 and 海 a\nmere coincidence?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-04T20:32:18.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66439",
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"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Etymology of 山賊",
"view_count": 105
}
|
[] |
66439
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66446",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is a sentence from ねじまき鳥と火曜日の女たち by 村上春樹.\n\n> スチーム・アイロンの蒸気音とコットンが熱せられる独得の匂いを楽しみながら...\n\n熱する is a \"special suru verb\". I am assuming 熱せられる is read as ねっせられる. What form\nof conjugation is this? It looks like it could be passive or causative-\npassive.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T05:55:54.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66442",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-05T16:40:37.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "902",
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "What conjugation is 熱せられる?",
"view_count": 255
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's not causative-passive but just passive of 熱する as in \"smell of cotton\n(being) heated\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T13:39:34.687",
"id": "66446",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-05T13:39:34.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "66442",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "As user4092 noted, this is the passive of 熱する. Several of the conjugated\nforms:\n\n * 熱する -- plain\n * 熱します -- polite\n * 熱させる -- causative\n * 熱される -- passive\n * 熱せられる -- classical passive (see Update below)\n * 熱させられる -- causative passive\n * 熱せる -- potential\n * 熱さない -- negative\n\nThose last two are (part of) what makes this a \"special\" する verb: the する in\nplain form becomes せる in the potential instead of できる, and さない in the negative\ninstead of しない. See also 愛【あい】する, which follows the same pattern: this\nconjugates like a regular 五段【ごだん】 or \"type 1\" verb ending in す, and it doesn't\nfollow the pattern for independent verb する. Compare 返【かえ】す, 漏【も】らす, and other\n\"type 1\" verbs ending in す.\n\nNotably, the negative is currently in flux for these \"special\" する verbs, where\npopular usage seems to accept both ～さない and ～しない endings to varying degrees.\nFor strict grammarians, ～さない appears to be regarded as \"more correct\".\n\n### Update\n\nFor the passive itself, there are two forms that appear in texts: 熱される, the\nmore or less regular form, and 熱せられる, the more \"traditional\" or old-fashioned\nform. Although many other \"special\" する verbs have shifted more fully to using\n～される as the passive, at least\n[<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1243719877> one\nonline thread] explicitly mentions that there appears to be some resistance to\nthis shift for this term 熱する.\n\nThe key is the derivation: this was originally a single kanji + す, the\nprecursor to modern する. The conjugation stems for classical す:\n\n * す -- terminal, plain form\n * し -- gerundive or connecting form\n * せ -- irrealis or incomplete, used for negative, passive, causative, etc.\n * する -- adnominal, used when modifying a noun. This evolved into the modern verb plain form.\n * すれ -- realis, used for subjunctive statements and suppositions\n * せよ -- imperative\n\nFor this classical す as attached to a single kanji, the passive was せられる (or\nolder せらる). This is a bit of a mouthful, and over time, it shortened to される\n(older さる).\n\n(A similar kind of shortening led to modern いらっしゃる, from older いらせらる.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T14:58:25.143",
"id": "66447",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-05T17:52:58.320",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-05T17:52:58.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66442",
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"score": 1
}
] |
66442
|
66446
|
66446
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Usually I read ぐあい as 具合 but recently I was reading a some Japanese literature\nand the 工合 version of the kanji was used.\n\nFor reference the literature:\n\n> 脳味噌の中心にヒリヒリと焦げ付く位である。それでいて、あとから考えるとその興味の焦点と、自分の心理の結ばり **工合{ぐあい}**\n> がサッパリわからない。探偵趣味で惹き付けられたのか、猟奇趣味で読まされたのか、わからない場合が非常に多い。\n\nI’m guessing it means something along the lines of ‘way’ however I am unsure.\n\nIs there a difference in meaning or nuance between the two? If so when and\nwhere do you split the usages?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T07:33:39.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66444",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-14T17:01:50.257",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-05T09:57:38.177",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13696",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Nuance differences between the kanji for ぐあい, 具合 and 工合",
"view_count": 212
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese dictionaries give both orthographies as equivalent [1]. The word is\nJapanese, and with an unknown etymology [ibid.], so both orthographies are\nexamples of 当て字. (In fact, the original pronunciation was ぐわい, with the わい >\nあい change emerging by analogy with the word 合.)\n\nThe graphical word is unknown to the Chinese language in either form [2], not\ndefined by Morohashi [3], hence a jukujikun-style borrowing of the existing\nChinese word is impossible. This puts any idea about the shades of meaning\nbeing differentiated under question, as such cases are normally applied when\nseveral _existing_ Chinese words get matched to a single Japanese.\n\nThus, we only have to establish which is the more prominent orthography.\nStatistically [4], 具合い and 具合 are equally prominent, but the other versions\nappear disappearingly rarely. According to [5], for each 87.1% of 工合 with\nfurigana ぐあい there is 12.9% of 具合, which means that the spelling 工合 is much\nmore prone to be furigana-ed and thus less ordinary.\n\nTo conclude: both forms are as equivalent as various 当て字 of the same word can\nbe; however, 工合 is disappearingly rare as opposed to 具合, and it is the latter\nthat should be defaulted to.\n\n[1] 日本国語大辞典.\n\n[2] Absent in 漢語大詞典.\n\n[3] 大漢和辞典.\n\n[4] kanshudo.com.\n\n[5] furigana.info.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-03-15T16:13:16.110",
"id": "75032",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-15T16:13:16.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27977",
"parent_id": "66444",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66444
| null |
75032
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66452",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If not, is there a structure that will grammatically allow for that? Like \"I\neat right, exercise, stay consistent about it, and yet I've lost no weight in\nweeks!\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T12:21:54.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66445",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-10T22:23:18.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can I use (てform verb) repeatedly with different verbs to emphasize different actions, or is it just with one verb?",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "As discussed in the comments, you can use ～ても～ても for this:\n\n> ダイエットしても、運動しても、食べ過ぎなくても、全然[痩]{や}せない！ \n> Even though I've dieted, exercised, and kept myself from overeating, I\n> still can't lose weight!\n\nYou can also use ～たり～たりする, but the meaning is slightly different:\n\n> ダイエットしたり、運動したりしても、全然[痩]{や}せない！ \n> Even though I've done all kinds of things like dieting and exercise, I\n> still can't lose weight!\n\nThe core difference between these 2 options is that ～ても～ても is usually an\nexhaustive list of things you've tried (or is intended to resemble an\nexhaustive list), ～たり～たりする is intended to refer to examples of things you've\ndone and is not intended to be taken as exhaustive. As a result, IMO, ～ても～ても\ncomes off more whiney than ～たり～たり; the connotation with the first one being\n\"I've tried everything!\", the second being \"I've tried a bunch of things\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T18:30:10.563",
"id": "66452",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T01:04:48.070",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-07T01:04:48.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11449",
"parent_id": "66445",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "If you really want to emphasize the repetition of the actions of eating right\nand then exercising as maybe say in a regime, you could use the V1てはV2\npattern, which [大辞林](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF)\ndescribes as:\n\n> ④ 繰り返される動作・作用について、前件と後件とを結ぶ。 「寄せ－返す浜の白波」 「ころんでは起き、ころんでは起きて…」\n\nI'm going to assume you mean by eating right to mean mostly the amount as\nopposed to having a healthy (健康) well balanced diet. So then you could say\n\n> 適度な食事をしては運動する。けれども全然痩せない。\n\nYou can repeat it to even further emphasize the repetition:\n\n> 適度な食事をしては運動し、また適度な食事をしては運動する。けれども全然痩せない。\n\nIn more casual language though, you might instead say\n\n> 適度な食事と運動をしているのに、全然痩せないんだ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T22:23:18.227",
"id": "66526",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-10T22:23:18.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "66445",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
66445
|
66452
|
66452
|
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