question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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stringlengths 2
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⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
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|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66449",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In the sentence これは[本当]{ほんと}に[高]{たか}いです, meaning \" _This is really expensive_\n\", I'm having trouble understanding the meaning of に, which usually has some\nconnotation of \"to\", \"on\", or \"at\".\n\nThis is a phrase presented in Memrise Japanese Level 3, and I'm trying to\nstart understanding the grammatical sense of the phrases.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T15:14:43.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66448",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T19:05:20.220",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-06T05:00:46.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "3073",
"owner_user_id": "29490",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Meaning of に in 本当に",
"view_count": 1302
}
|
[
{
"body": "Adjectives can often be used 'adverbially' (though they are generally not\nanalysed by Japanese grammarians as 副詞) by adding に rather than な or in this\ncase の.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T15:28:51.637",
"id": "66449",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-05T15:28:51.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "66448",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "If you really wanted to force a preposition into an English translation of 本当に\nso that it made more sense, you could say the the に is equivalent to the 'In'\nin 'In reality'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T21:05:28.570",
"id": "66454",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-05T21:05:28.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33596",
"parent_id": "66448",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "`に` means \"to.\"\n\ne.g.) `あなたに` - To you\n\n`本当に` - To the truth / I will hand this over the truth / truly",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T19:05:20.220",
"id": "66482",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T19:05:20.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33623",
"parent_id": "66448",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66448
|
66449
|
66449
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Title says all. This is purely 100% out of curiosity and by no means meant to\noffend anyone. Problem is, I very rarely see 人外 used anywhere.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T21:02:03.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66453",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T01:23:55.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33595",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "So I understand 人外 is an anagram of 外人, but does 外人人外 mean evil foreigner?",
"view_count": 279
}
|
[
{
"body": "人外【じんがい】 is an uncommon and old-fashioned word. In fictional works, it\ntypically refers to evil monsters, undeads, Japanese yokai, etc. You won't see\nthis term often unless you're a fan of fantasy. Dictionaries say it also means\n\"evil/wicked\", but from my experience, it's rarely used in this sense. 外人\nmeans a foreigner. 人外 is an anagram of 外人, but this is basically just a\ncoincidence and you should not feel anything special here. There are [many\nsimilar pairs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/44246/5010) in Japanese.\n\nWith that being said, there was a time (30 years ago or so, if I remember\ncorrectly) when 人外 was used jokingly as a slangy term for 外人. Wikipedia says\nthis was a (sarcastic) reaction to the [\"外人 is derogatory\"\nmovement](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4131/5010). No one is using 人外\nin this sense anymore, and you can safely forget this trivial fact.\n\nTechnically speaking, 人外外人 -- but not 外人人外 -- might mean \"foreigner who is no\nlonger a human\" or \"highly immoral foreigner\", but since 人外 itself is an\nuncommon word, I haven't seen something like this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-06T03:37:23.860",
"id": "66462",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T01:23:55.223",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-07T01:23:55.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66453",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
66453
| null |
66462
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66461",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The title of the light novel is: ひげを[剃]｛そ｝る。そして女子高生｛じょしこうせい｝を拾｛ひろ｝う。\n\nThe English translation is: I shaved. Then I brought a high school girl home.\n\nI get that not having the past tense in that title would sound weird in\nEnglish, but does the original Japanese title imply the past tense? Or is the\ntitle originally supposed to be \"I shave. Then I find a high school girl.\"?\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T22:51:29.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66455",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-06T17:01:35.750",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Why does this Light Novel title get translated to the past tense?",
"view_count": 355
}
|
[
{
"body": "Japanese novels tend to use [historical\npresent](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61679/5010) like this quite\nheavily. The tense [may be switched in almost every\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/55546/5010). Unless this novel\nis about someone who _habitually_ brings high school girls home, it's possible\nto translate this title as if it were in the past tense at the discretion of\nthe translator.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-06T03:13:10.617",
"id": "66461",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-06T17:01:35.750",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-06T17:01:35.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66455
|
66461
|
66461
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66463",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I’ve been playing Ace Attorney lately and I’m curious about the differences in\nthe localization compared to the original.\n\nFor this one, I’m curious about Edgeworth’s choice of words for “partner”. In\nAA3, he stated a very iconic line to Phoenix, “‥‥それでは‥‥ あとは、たのんだぞ。‥‥相棒。” which\nwas localized as, “And with that... I leave the rest in your capable hands...\npartner.”\n\nIn AAI1, Kay talks about how she hopes to find a partner (相棒) that she’s able\nto trust one day, referring to the partnership between Edgeworth and Gumshoe\n(prosecutor+detective, similar to her Dad and her “uncle” Badd.) Edgeworth\nthen replies to her with, “...However, I can say that it is truly wonderful to\nfind a partner (相手) you can trust.” The full scene can be watched here,\nstarting at 10:17. <https://youtu.be/mZlxE4m2sqI?t=617>\n\nExactly what is the difference between 相棒 and 相手? Edgeworth refers to Phoenix\nusing 相棒, but refers to Gumshoe using 相手. The fact that he uses 相手 despite Kay\nusing 相棒 is interesting to me.\n\nMostly unrelated, but in DGS, Asogi refers to Ryunosuke as partner (相棒)\nmultiple times in the first case.\n\nAny help would be greatly appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-05T23:48:22.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66456",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T04:00:06.960",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-06T10:11:49.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "27023",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 相棒 and 相手?",
"view_count": 1510
}
|
[
{
"body": "While dictionaries will often list both as 'partner', the accompanying\ndefinitions should give more insight.\n\n相手 means partner in the simple sense of 'the other party'. This can be a lab\npartner, a conversation partner, a sparring partner, or anything that doesn't\ninvolve anything more than being matched with the other party.\n\n相棒 has a much different meaning and generally means anybody who you feel\nextremely close to and share a history with, similar to calling someone who is\nnot a blood-relative your brother or sister. Think of this as equivalent to\n'pal', 'buddy', or one's 'mate'. If there is not positive feeling toward or\nmutual history with this individual (or want to keep these feelings/history\nout of the picture), 相手 might be used instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-06T02:44:32.453",
"id": "66459",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-06T02:44:32.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "66456",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "In this video, 相手 in 信頼できる相手 is just \"someone\". The word 相手 itself has nothing\nto do with friendship or trust. An 相手 can be your enemy (戦う相手) or a total\nstranger (駅への道を聞く相手). Perhaps you can forget the translation of \"partner\" if\nit confuses you. See: [What does 相手 mean in\n「素直な自分をぶつけられる相手」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11797/5010)\n\n相棒 refers to such a relationship like Naruhodo/Phoneix and Mayoi/Maya in _Ace\nAttorney_ , Lara Croft and Jonah Maiava in _Tomb Raider_ , Wander and Agro in\n_Shadow of the Colossus_ , Mario and Yoshi in _Super Mario_ and so on. An 相棒\ncan be a person or an animal, or occasionally an inanimate object like a\nmotorcycle, but not an organization. It's like friends, but it's usually not a\nlets-go-to-movie-together kind of friendship. 相棒 is someone who you trust and\n\"get the job done\" with. It's not a light word, but if you already know what\nit means for a tsundere character like Edgeworth to call someone an 相棒, you\ncorrectly understand its connotation.\n\nIn the video, note that Edgeworth does not want to admit Gumshue is his\ntrustworthy 相棒. At least externally, he regards Gumshue merely as his\nsubordinate who is _sometimes_ useful. That's why he said that the question is\nnot answerable (because Gumshue is not his 相棒 in the first place). Instead, he\nadded, \"However, (generally speaking,) finding someone you can trust is a good\nthing.\" 相棒 is a big word, and most people do not have one. Edgeworth is also\nbasically an independent person, so I understand saying \"you should find an\n相棒\" may sound a bit too irresponsible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-06T08:19:34.423",
"id": "66463",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T04:00:06.960",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-07T04:00:06.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66456",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
66456
|
66463
|
66463
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66471",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I find the distinction between 匹 and 頭 is rather tricky, because it is based\non the size of the animal in question, and size is **very relative** and\nvaries **greatly** among animals, even within the same species. And\nunfortunately there doesn't seem to be comprehensive list on which animal goes\nwith which counter.\n\nSo when you look at an animal, how do you determine which counter to use?\n\nIs it based purely on size or on collocation (or conventional usage if you\nwill)? Roughly speaking, how big is \"big\" and how small is \"small\"? And if\nit's usually based on collocation, how do you expand the rule of thumb to\nunfamiliar animals, like say a capybara, a python or a binturong? Do all\nbreeds of dog go with 匹? What about huge ones like the St. Bernard? Does \"two\npiglets\" use the same counter as \"two grown pigs\"? From what I've Googled,\nkangaroos seem to go with 匹 even though lots of them are so big they can\neasily knock a grown human out.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-06T10:22:21.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66465",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-10T16:29:53.950",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-10T16:29:53.950",
"last_editor_user_id": "10168",
"owner_user_id": "10168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"counters",
"animals"
],
"title": "Counters for animals: 匹 vs 頭: roughly how big is \"big\" and how small is \"small\"?",
"view_count": 299
}
|
[
{
"body": "Roughly speaking, an animal bigger than a human being is \"big\". As for St.\nBernard and kangaroos, both 匹 and 頭 are fine. We usually use 頭 for lions, but\nusing 匹 for a baby lion is fine. In certain scientific contexts, 頭 is\npreferred regardless of the size.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T03:58:41.677",
"id": "66471",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T03:58:41.677",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66465",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Here's a thing about language in general: When there is a case statement like\nthis one, it is almost never based on a hard and fast rule. It's not like \"If\nan animal is 5'1\" tall then it's an A, if it's less than 5' then it's a B\",\nbecause usually a) it doesn't matter and b) nobody is actually going to check\nyour math. The general rule of thumb should be: When you think of the case in\nquestion, do you associate that image with A or with B? For example, if I\nthink \"dog\", I usually think of a small animal. When I think of \"bear\", I\nusually think of a big animal. Therefore, for dog I would use 匹 and for bear I\nwould use 頭, even when talking about a small bear or a large dog. Babies of\nlarge animals are, of course, a special case.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T17:31:11.767",
"id": "66494",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-08T17:31:11.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11449",
"parent_id": "66465",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
66465
|
66471
|
66471
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66467",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Japanese, what’s the difference between “[Tonari\nni](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/index.cfm?j=Tonari)” (となりに)\nand “[Tsugi](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/index.cfm?j=Tsugi)”\n(つぎ)? Both mean “next”, but when would you use one over the other?\n\nPlease explain by referring to the following examples:\n\n```\n\n Tsugi no tōri = Next street\n Tsugi no tsugi no tōri. = The street after the next.\n Eigakan wa dono tōri ni arimasu ka. = What street is the movie theater on?\n eki no tonari = Next to station\n Hoteru wa eki no tonari desu. = The hotel is next to the train station.\n \n```\n\nPlease note I am a beginner and would appreciate simplified explanations.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-06T11:28:57.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66466",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-06T13:53:08.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "In Japanese, what’s the difference between “Tonari ni” (となりに) and “Tsugi” (つぎ)? When would you use one over the other?",
"view_count": 2820
}
|
[
{
"body": "となり means \"adjacent to\". つぎ means \"next in sequence\".\n\nFor example, if you're talking about the bakery next door to your shop you\nwould use となり. It doesn't matter if the shop is to the left or right of your\nshop; it is simply adjacent to it.\n\nIf you're walking down the street looking for something there is an order\nimplied and the next shop is the one which follows on in sequence from where\nyou are now. So つぎ would be appropriate.\n\nLooking at it another way I guess となり means \"next to\" whereas つぎ just means\n\"next\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-06T12:33:32.790",
"id": "66467",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-06T12:33:32.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "66466",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "隣{となり}に or 隣{となり}の pertains to a location (similar to 近{ちか}く) for if something\nis _directly next to_ something else. For example the building next door.\n\n次{つぎ} pertains to a sequence of events such as the next stop on a bus or train\nor the next page on a website. 次{つぎ}の次{つぎ} is the one after next (next of the\nnext) which is also often used in Japan.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-06T13:53:08.620",
"id": "66468",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-06T13:53:08.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14608",
"parent_id": "66466",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66466
|
66467
|
66467
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66473",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is an example sentence from 大辞林's definition of 定める.\n\n> 法律の―・めるところにより処罰する\n\nI think this means something like \"punish according to the law\". But couldn't\nyou just say 法律により処罰する? What does 定めるところ add? What does ところ refer to?\n\nIs 法律 the subject of 定める? Maybe not, because in another example sentence, 規則\nis marked as the object:「規則を―・める」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T00:56:16.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66470",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T07:01:54.557",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 法律の定めるところにより処罰する",
"view_count": 194
}
|
[
{
"body": "法律により means \"according to the law\", whereas 法律の定めるところにより literally means\n\"according to what the law prescribes\". This 法律 is the subject of 定める; you can\nsay both \"[someone]が法律を定める\" and \"法律が[rule]を定める\". For this ところ, see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/66218/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T07:01:54.557",
"id": "66473",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T07:01:54.557",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66470
|
66473
|
66473
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If a person says \" レイどんな顔をするだろうな\"\n\nIs it more correct to translate it as:\n\n 1. I wonder what face Rey would make.\n\nOr\n\n 2. How do you think he will react?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T06:12:16.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66472",
"last_activity_date": "2023-05-23T22:04:45.513",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-07T15:45:03.400",
"last_editor_user_id": "26968",
"owner_user_id": "26968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "するだろうな wonderment or a question?",
"view_count": 207
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"レイどんな顔をするだろうな\" sounds soliloquy. So I think 1 is more correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T02:36:00.200",
"id": "66486",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-08T02:36:00.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33627",
"parent_id": "66472",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
66472
| null |
66486
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66477",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence:\n\n> どうやら今日の天気は **曇る** ようだ。× It seems that today's weather is cloudy.\n\nThis uses the weather verb 曇る\n\nBut when asking native speakers, this does not sound natural and I don't\nunderstand why.\n\nHere are some other variations that are apparently correct:\n\n> 1) どうやら今日の天気は **曇りのよう** だ。○\n\nInstead of using 曇る like above, this uses the noun form 曇り with よう/みたい\n\nThis means that the speaker is judging the weather to be cloudy based on his\nsensations and other evidence. The most certain out of the three.\n\n> 2) どうやら今日の天気は **曇りそう** だ。○\n\n～そう form is used, so that means the speaker looks at the sky and judging from\nappearance only, it looks cloudy.\n\n> 3) どうやら今日の天気は **曇りらしい** 。○\n\n～らしい is used here, meaning the speaker is judging it is cloudy based on second\nhand information and hearsay.\n\nAccording to native speakers, 3) sounds the most natural. But I don't know\nwhy.\n\nI presume this would be the same with 晴れる\n\n* * *\n\nCan someone please explain:\n\nWhy I can't use 曇るようだ and yet the other given sentences are correct.\n\nI also want to confirm that my interpretations of the grammar of each sentence\nis correct.\n\nPossibly related:\n\n[What is the difference between all the weather words: 気象きしょう, 天気てんき and\n天候てんこう?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/20919/what-is-the-\ndifference-between-all-the-weather-\nwords-%E6%B0%97%E8%B1%A1%E3%81%8D%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86-%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%93%E3%81%8D-and-%E5%A4%A9%E5%80%99%E3%81%A6/20943#20943)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T09:55:50.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66474",
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"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Why are weather verbs 曇る and 晴れる treated differently in this sentence?",
"view_count": 377
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Why I can't use 曇るようだ\n\nPretty simply, there is a subject-predicate mismatch. 天気は曇りだ is fine, but\n天気が曇る/天気は曇る is not natural (it would sound to me like \"[*] there will be\nclouds in the weather\"). For the same reason, 今日の天気は曇りそうだ is understandable,\nbut sounds unnatural to me.\n\nTo make them sound natural, simply remove 天気 and say 今日は instead of 今日の天気は:\n\n> * どうやら今日は曇るようだ。: OK\n> * どうやら今日は曇りそうだ。: OK\n>\n\nThe same goes for 晴れ and 晴れる.\n\nFor the basic difference between のようだ, そうだ and らしい, see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16312/5010) or any textbook you\nuse.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-07T12:39:25.983",
"id": "66477",
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66474
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66477
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{
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"body": "I once heard a word and it’s “tsunetero” which is kinda a verb for tsundere\nbut when I googled the word I couldn’t find it anywhere and I’m questioning\nmyself if this word really exist or I made it up. I know what is tsun tsun and\ntsundere and when I google these two words I can see results and meanings\nexcept for “tsunetero” So is it really a word ?\n\nP.s I heard it from anime but I can’t remember which one",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T10:01:53.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66475",
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"owner_user_id": "33616",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Tsunetero from tsundere",
"view_count": 192
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you can't remember where you heard it any answer is going to be a guess.\n\nMine is that it is a version of 拗ねる (suneru), possibly 'suneteru', for\n'he/she's pouting/sulking'.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T11:37:04.720",
"id": "66476",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T11:37:04.720",
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"owner_user_id": "27280",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "In addition to BJCUAI's guess, there's also [抓る]{tsuneru} (\"to pinch\"), which\nwould conjugate to [抓てる]{tsunete ru} (\"he / she / it is pinching\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T18:23:05.380",
"id": "66481",
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"body": "During my studies I faced a situation where I stuck with understanding this\nconstruction. My textbook said that various particles can be used there but it\nhasn't explained the function of each particle.\n\nHere's an example of a sentence which made me ask a lot of questions and curse\nmy textbook for not giving additional info about role of each particle in this\nconstruction:\n\n> テレビを見る時間がない。\n>\n> テレビを見る時間がないこと **が** ない。\n\nFirst off, I wondered if I could add this construction to 「ない」. It was rather\na moment of stupidity than the actual problem. Second off, I asked the\nquestion [here](https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/12854459) and was told\nthat it's possible but the particle that I used is wrong. Basically, this\nparticle changed the whole meaning of the sentence, and from intended **\" I\nhave little time to watch TV\"** it turned into **\" I don't have time not to\nwatch TV (I always watch it)\"** just because I used 「が」instead of「は」.\n\nMy textbook gives just plain examples of sentences with 「は」and 「が」but it\ndoesn't explain their use:\n\n> 私は広田さんのうちに行くこと **は** ありませんでした。\n>\n> 私はあの人と話したこと **が** あります。\n\nSo, what I'd like to know is what the function of each (が、は、も) particle is,\nhow it works within the given construction and how to decide which one to use.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T13:20:18.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66478",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-07T14:41:45.190",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"grammar"
],
"title": "～う／ることが（は、も）ある construction",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, the last part of your question (～ **が** あります vs ～ **は** ありません) is\nanswered in [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/5010).\nBut there is more to explain when double-negative is involved.\n\n> テレビを見る時間がないこと **が** ない。 \n> There is no situation where I have no time to watch TV. \n> I never run out of time to watch TV. \n> I always have time to watch TV.\n\n> テレビを見る時間がないこと **も** ない。 \n> It's not that I don't have time to watch TV. \n> If someone wishes, I can spare time to watch TV. \n> Admittedly, I have at least a small amount of time to watch TV.\n\n> テレビを見る時間がないこと **は** ない。[ambiguous]\n>\n> 1. Admittedly, I have at least a small amount of time to watch TV. (the\n> same as the も-version)\n> 2. I always have time to watch TV. (the same as the が-version)\n>\n\n * ないことがない is a relatively simple double-negative construction. ことがない is \"never\" or \"in no situation\", and Xがない is \"there is no X\". `in no situation` + `there is no X` = `there is always (some) X`.\n * ないことはない is actually ambiguous and it can mean the same thing as ないことがない depending on the context. However, a sentence like this usually carries a nuance of \"admittedly yes\" or \"cannot say no\". This is treated as a set phrase. なくはない works in a similar manner. \n * [JGram - ないことは(も)ない](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=naikotohanai)\n * [Learn JLPT N3 Grammar: ないことはない (nai koto wa nai)](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-nai-koto-wa-nai/)\n * [What does ...なくはない mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33401/5010)\n * も can be used in place of は when ないことはない means \"admittedly yes\". [This answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/65647/5010) explains what this も is doing.\n * To be clear, if you wanted to say \"I have little time to watch TV\", none of が/は/も will work. Why not simply say テレビを見る時間があまりない?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T14:41:45.190",
"id": "66479",
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66478
| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm pretty sure \"誰にも読めない本\" is correct. However, I have also heard something in\nthe same vein as \"誰も読めない本\", without the に. Is this also correct? \nIf so, does も replace が here?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T19:07:41.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66483",
"last_activity_date": "2022-05-02T23:48:54.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-も",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "誰も + potential verb form",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 誰も読めない本, without the に. Is this also correct?\n\nYes, it is correct in this case.\n\n> If so, does も replace が here?\n\nNo, it cannot be replaced. 誰も読めない本 is correct. 誰が読めない本 is incorrect. Japanese\npeople never say it like this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T02:26:23.440",
"id": "66485",
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"owner_user_id": "33627",
"parent_id": "66483",
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"score": 1
}
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66487",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "There's a song called Ame no Musique for the game Symphonic Rain. The song's\nsung by a character that uses 私｛わたし｝when she speaks, but in the song there's a\nline that uses あたし:\n\nアタシヲアイシテ\n\nAnd then the next line goes to 私...\n\nだれも知らない私が ここにいるのよ\n\nCould someone help me understand why two different pronouns might be used in\nthis song? Is あたし supposed to relatable to listeners of the song, then 私\nreferring to the singer herself?\n\nAlso in general, other than for politeness like switching from 俺 to 私 or\nswitching pronouns as you get older, do people switch personal pronouns for\nany other reasons?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-07T21:59:01.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66484",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Is pronoun switching on the fly a thing?",
"view_count": 293
}
|
[
{
"body": "In general, あたし sounds casual or childish as compared to わたし. Unlike わたし, you\nshould not use あたし in business settings.\n\nアタシヲアイシテ is written in katakana, which implies this particular line belongs to\na different context. Have you ever seen an all-katakana sentence like this\nsaid by a yandere character or someone in a fury? In this case, アタシヲアイシテ\nrepresents her hidden but strong feelings, and that's why she (Falsita)\ntemporarily switched from 私 to アタシ.\n\nSimilarly, a male character who normally uses 僕 may temporarily switch to 俺\nwhen he is excited or angry. Changing a first-person pronoun is one of the\nways to show one's emotion.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T05:30:35.750",
"id": "66487",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-08T05:40:59.047",
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{
"body": "Specific explanation might be serious spoiler of the great scenario of that\ngame, so I answer in a abstract way intentional, sorry. It seems like there\nare two points to switch pronounce.\n\n * People know only アタシ, which she(わたし) is just performing, so nobody knows her bare naked face. To emphasize the difference, switching a little.\n * For the RHYME. Top note sounds similar to アタシ rather than わたし. \n[L]ook__me [L]isten__me \n[A]tashi__[Ai]shite...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T16:20:52.800",
"id": "66493",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T00:37:57.870",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-09T00:37:57.870",
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"owner_user_id": "33621",
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"body": "This will be a long question.\n\nI referred to the other questions that were already answered,\n\n 1. [Difference between 前に and うちに](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41825/difference-between-%E5%89%8D%E3%81%AB-and-%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AB)\n\n 2. [When describing time span, are 間 {あいだ} and 内 {うち} interchangeable?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2620/when-describing-time-span-are-%E9%96%93-%E3%81%82%E3%81%84%E3%81%A0-and-%E5%86%85-%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1-interchangeable)\n\n 3. [What's wrong with using 内に in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9898/whats-wrong-with-using-%E5%86%85%E3%81%AB-in-this-sentence)\n\nand made my own summary of 内に and 間に based on these answers:\n\n## 内に\n\n**A** 内に **B**\n\n**A** : a state (where it is implied that the state will change from state X\nto state Y - the time frame)\n\n**B** : an action\n\nUsage:\n\n * Used when it is difficult for the speaker to determine a start and end point of the state.\n * **B** is completed while **A** is still in effect (Often implies that if **B** is not completed within the time frame of **A** then **B** becomes more difficult or impossible to achieve.)\n * 2 types:\n\n 1. A person intentionally takes action before something changes\n 2. While something is taking place, something changes without the speakers volition\n\n> 天気がいい **うちに** 散歩する。\n>\n> I will go on a stroll while the weather is nice. (If the weather becomes\n> bad, I can't walk/it will be difficult to walk.)\n\nPoint 1 is satisfied: I cannot predict when the good weather will start\nbecoming bad weather.\n\nPoint 2 is satisfied: I will complete my walk while there is good weather (If\ngood weather (state X) becomes bad weather (state Y) then it will be\ndifficult/impossible to walk.)\n\nPoint 3 is satisfied: type 1\n\n## 間に\n\n**A** 間に **B**\n\n**A** : a state or action (where the state or action occurs within a fixed\ntime frame X and Y)\n\n**B** : a momentary action\n\nUsage:\n\n * The speaker has the ability to determine a start and end point at the moment of making the statement. (or if there is a \"default standpoint\"[ [2.]](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2620/when-describing-time-span-are-%E9%96%93-%E3%81%82%E3%81%84%E3%81%A0-and-%E5%86%85-%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1-interchangeable))\n * B is performed within the time span that A is performed.\n\n> 天気がいい **間に** 散歩する。\n>\n> I will go on a stroll while the weather is good. (merely strolling while the\n> weather is nice.)\n\nPoint 1 is satisfied: There is a \"default standpoint\"\n\nPoint 2 is satisfied: Going for a walk during the time span that the weather\nis good.\n\n* * *\n\n## The problem\n\nNow bearing that in mind, most of the examples i see explain type 1 内に\nsentences\n\nBut these examples of type 2 sentences I found don't seem to nicely fit into\nthe interpretations above (or I just don't see it):\n\n> 1. 知らない **うちに** 、眠ってしまってた。 I fell asleep while I didn't know. ○\n>\n> 知らない **間に** 、眠ってしまってた。 I fell asleep while I didn't know. ○\n>\n>\n\nI can't see the difference between 内に and 間に here. If I had to guess, the\nnuance provided by 内に \"if I did know, then I wouldn't sleep\". That kind of\nmeaning?\n\n* * *\n\n> 2. 酒をゴクゴクと飲む **うちに** 、また顔が真っ赤になってた。My face became completely red while I\n> gulped down sake. ○\n>\n> 酒をゴクゴクと飲む **間に** 、また顔が真っ赤になってた。My face became completely red while I gulped\n> down sake. ×\n>\n>\n\nWhy is using 間に wrong in this case?\n\n* * *\n\n> 3. 家へ帰る **うちに** 、傘を忘れて来たのに気づいた。 **While** going home, I noticed that I had\n> come without my umbrella. ○\n>\n> 家へ帰る **間に** 、傘を忘れて来たのに気づいた。 **Before** getting home, I noticed that I had\n> come without my umbrella. ○\n>\n>\n\nAccording to another website, when using 内に, this has the nuance of noticing\n**before** going home, but 間に means noticing **while** going home. I don't\nunderstand why this is so.\n\n* * *\n\n> 4. しばらく見ない **うちに** また大きくなった！You grown big again while I didn't see you! ○\n>\n> しばらく見ない **間に** また大きくなった！You grown big again while I didn't see you! ○\n>\n>\n\nI also don't understand the difference here.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-08T10:18:44.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the nuance between 内に and 間に in these sentences?",
"view_count": 1949
}
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[
{
"body": "うちに is within the time, a.k.a 'while' with a nuance of within.\n\n> 酒をゴクゴクと飲むうちに、また顔が真っ赤になってた。My face became completely red while I gulped down\n> sake. ○\n\n**Within the time it took me to gulp down the sake, my face became completely\nred.**\n\n> 酒をゴクゴクと飲む間に、また顔が真っ赤になってた。My face became completely red while I gulped down\n> sake.\n\n間に is a duration used with time. i.e. ２年間 a duration of two years. With this\nin mind.\n\n**The duration of time of gulping down the sake, my face became red.**\n\nSounds strange in English no? It also sounds this way in Japanese.\n\nAn easy way to see the difference is to break the sentence in two parts. Is\nthe later part of the sentence occurring within the time of the first part?",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-09T02:59:56.317",
"id": "66503",
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"body": "あいだ（間）に implies parallel timeline, and switching the contxt between them or\ndescribe the synchronous nature of events between the two timelines. While\nsomething is happening, something else is also happening, whereas うちに implies\nsingle timeline, in which \"until\" condition exists.\n\nThey are interchangeable, when it can be thought of two timelines or one.\n天気のいいうちに散歩する (emphasized for nuance: Take a walk WHILE weather is good (for\nme).) 天気がいい間に散歩する (I go for a walk, while the weather (the universe, the\nnature, that acts on its own timeline) is fine.\n\nso, in this case that's interchangable. However, in a cooking show - it's\ndefinitely not interchangeable. Let's say you boil the water, and while the\nwater is coming to a boil, you cut the carrots. You have two separate\ntimelines going on here, water in the pot and carrots on the cutting board.\n\n◎ お湯が沸く間に、ニンジンを切ります。\n\n✕ お湯が沸くうちに、ニンジンを切ります。\n\nBack to your question:\n\n> 酒をゴクゴクと飲む間に、また顔が真っ赤になってた。My face became completely red while I gulped down\n> sake. ×\n\nWhy is using 間に wrong in this case?\n\nWell, there's one time line going on. That's you. So うちに applies, not 間に. If\nyou involve someone else, making it a two-timeline narrative, you can use\n間に。This whole narrative is about you, without introducing another situation or\na person.\n\nボクが酒を飲んでいる間、愛犬のチロは家でずっと待っていたんだ。\n\nMy beloved dog Chiro has been waiting for me at home WHILE I was drinking\nsake.\n\nTwo timelines. There's you, and there's the dog. Therefore, うち doesn't apply,\nあいだ works.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-05-13T05:43:36.890",
"id": "86610",
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66488
| null |
86610
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66502",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "E.G. 言わなくても良くない\n\nI've always been curious about this, but none of the books or classes I've had\never approached it",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T12:53:41.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66489",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-08T13:05:50.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "3172",
"owner_user_id": "3172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Would it be valid to change the いい in (verb)ても良い into a negative?",
"view_count": 223
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your question makes no grammatical sense. The ～てもいい form means, literally\nspeaking \"Even if you do ~, it's OK\" (or, in the negative, \"Even if you don't\ndo ~, it's ok\"). If you want to use ～てもよくない, what you are trying to say is,\n\"Even if you don't do ~, it's not OK\". What would such a phrase mean, or how\nwould it be used? I don't think such a phrase would make sense, so I'm going\nto go with a \"don't do this\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T15:49:45.597",
"id": "66492",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-08T15:49:45.597",
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{
"body": "～てもいい basically means \"It's okay even if you do...\", eg:\n\n> 「言っ **てもいい** 」 -- \"It's okay even if you say\" → \"It's okay to say / You\n> _may_ say\" \n> 「言わ **なくてもいい** 」 -- \"It's okay even if you don't say\" → \"You _don't have\n> to_ say\"\n\nTo say \"You may not do...\" or \"You have to do...\", you'd use ～（なく）て **は**\nいけない, rather than ～（なく）て **も** 良くない (×も→◎は):\n\n> 「言っ **てはいけない** 」 -- \"It won't do if you say\" → \"You _may not_ say\" \n> 「言わ **なくてはいけない** 」 -- \"It won't do if you don't say\" → \"You _have to_ say\"\n\n～て **も** 良くない, ～て **も** いけない would usually mean \"Doing ... is not good\n(either)\":\n\n> 「食べすぎても良くない/いけないが、全く食べなくても良くない/いけない。」 \n> or 「食べすぎるのも良くない/いけないが、全く食べないのも良くない/いけない。」 \n> \"Eating too much is not good, but not eating at all is not good, either.\"\n\nYou'd also use ～なくても良くない？ at the end of a sentence in casual conversation,\nlike this:\n\n> 「学校なんて行かなくてもよくない？」 -- \"You don't need to go to school, right?\" \n> 「そんなこと言わなくてもよくない？」 -- \"You don't need to say that, do you?\" \"Do you really\n> need to say that?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T01:34:40.793",
"id": "66502",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66489
|
66502
|
66502
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66491",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Good day to everyone,\n\nI am a student here in Japan studying 日本語 and I was watching a few videos of\nJapanese lessons and noticed that there are a lot of verbs that have the same\nmeaning. For example, `Touchaku suru`, `Tsuku` and `Todoku` all mean \"to\narrive\". Are there any instances wherein one is used more than the other? Any\nhelp would be much appreciated. Thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T13:32:51.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66490",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T08:30:45.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33355",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "(Verbs) To arrive ~ Touchaku suru vs Tsuku vs Todoku",
"view_count": 7067
}
|
[
{
"body": "Disclaimer: This is based mostly on my own experience.\n\n着く{つく} is the most commonly used verb for \"arrive\", as in \"I've arrived at the\nstation\".\n\n届く{とどく} tends to be used for things or abstract concepts. For example, on\ninstant messenger, if you send a message and you want to check if the other\nperson got the message because you didn't get a response, you would use 届く.\nYou can also use it for feelings; it is commonly used for love, e.g.\n私の気持ちが届いたでしょう, which can be properly translated as \"I wonder if my feelings\narrived?\", but more loosely as \"I wonder if you understood my feelings (i.e. I\nlove you, etc)\".\n\n到着する{とうちゃくする} tends to be used for long distances and/or for long-distance\nmodes of transportation, and especially most commonly for airplanes. For\nexample, when your airplane lands, you may send a text message to your\nfriends/family saying 到着した.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T15:44:56.453",
"id": "66491",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-08T16:01:55.457",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-08T16:01:55.457",
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"parent_id": "66490",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "**着く** is the most basic word you use when something arrives at a location.\n\n**到着する** has nothing different with 着く except it is a Sino-Japanese word that\nsounds slightly more formal. Besides, it is easily turned into a noun 到着\n\"arrival\" which 着く is normally not able.\n\n**届く** is literally closer to \"reach\", but more specifically telling that\nsomething is at the location to be passed to somebody. A train stops at a\nstation doesn't mean the station obtains the train, so you can't say 届く. Also\nnot for people unless you're committing human trafficking.\n\n> 飛行機が空港に着く = 飛行機が空港に到着する _the plane arrives at the airport_\n>\n> 飛行機が空港に届く _the plane is delivered to the airport_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T08:30:45.800",
"id": "66508",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T08:30:45.800",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "66490",
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"score": 4
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] |
66490
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66491
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66491
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "73093",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This question follows on from these others:\n\n * [What are the principles behind turning foreign language words into verbs?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/24351/what-are-the-principles-behind-turning-foreign-language-words-into-verbse-g-%E3%82%B0)\n * [Why are there very few non-する gairaigo verbs in Japanese?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/65305/why-are-there-very-few-non-%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-gairaigo-verbs-in-japanese/65325#65325)\n * [Are there words which consist of katakana and hiragana letters together?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15199/are-there-words-which-consist-of-katakana-and-hiragana-letters-together)\n * [Are there nouns that can function as another part of speech?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12948/are-there-nouns-that-can-function-as-another-part-of-speech/12949#12949)\n\nI am trying to catalog the specific verb type `loan word root + る` in terms of\nmeaning, inflection patterns, pitch-accent characteristics, etc. Hopefully\nthis will identify any clear patterns and/or irregularities. So far, I have\ncome up with the following list (see below).\n\nPlease point out any any errors you see - I will amend and update the list\naccordingly. \nAlso, feel free to add any more that you know.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0FpQD.jpg)",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T19:23:06.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66495",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-15T23:42:37.640",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-08T20:04:51.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"morphology"
],
"title": "Characteristics of 'loan word root + る' verbs",
"view_count": 748
}
|
[
{
"body": "Some general observations of the patterns visible so far.\n\n * The pitch accent is consistent, with a downstep just before the last mora.\n * A subset of these terms re-analyze the final //l// in English as verb-ending る: \n * ググる\n * ダブる\n * トラブる\n * ハモる is an almost-pun, or a kind of missing apophone for the はまる・はめる verb pair \"to fit\", considering that, when harmonizing, the various sounds must fit together nicely.\n * Two end in バる, a common enough suffixing element when spelled 張る.\n * _(Almost certainly accidental resemblance):_ Several of these almost come across as rare or dialectal English rendered in katakana -- the [_-le_ suffix](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-le#Etymology_1) is a common frequentative element in English. I found that [_buzzle_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buzzle) does seem to be an actual word, and although I cannot find evidence of _buggle_ other than [the band name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Buggles), it almost works as a native English term.\n * A couple others appear to play on other terms or other forms that end in リ (ファボリ[ート], メモリ) and re-analyze that as the 連用形, thus back-constructing the plain form of the verb ending in る.\n * One seems to just omit an otherwise-doubled mid-word す (ミスする → ミスる), with the attendant change of the る from the vanishing サ変 ending to 五段. バズる could be viewed as a similar instance.\n\nThere's lots of fun word play going on with these. I'm curious if an expanded\nlist might find additional examples of the above patterns.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T22:24:29.740",
"id": "66499",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T15:16:20.053",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-09T15:16:20.053",
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66495",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I went on a dictionary dive through Daijirin. Here are some additional ones:\n\n * ガスる - (from \"gas\") to get foggy (e.g. of a mountain in the distance) - [2] \n * サチる - to saturate - [2]\n * サマる - to summarize - [2]\n * タクる - to take a taxi - [2]\n * タピる - to drink a tapioca/boba drink - [2]\n * ダビる - to dub with audio - [2]\n * ダフる - to duff (British golf slang for hitting the ground behind the ball, thus reducing the power of the shot) - [2]\n * チキる - to act chicken / act weak or scared - [2]\n * デコる - to decorate gaudishly - [2]\n * デモる - to demonstrate (e.g. as part of a rights movement) - [2]\n * ディスる - to diss (i.e. to speak disrespectfully about / insult someone) - [2]\n * ネガる - to become negative - [2]\n * ネグる - to neglect to do / to ignore - [2]\n * ネゴる - to negotiate - [2]\n * バトる - to fight / to battle - [2]\n * パニクる - to panic - [3]\n * パロる - to parody - [2]\n * ヒスる - to have a fit of hysterics - [2]\n * ビニる - to go to the convenience store - [2]\n * ラグる - to lag - [2]\n * リヌる - (from \"renew\") to renovate a web page - [2]\n * リムる - (from \"remove\") to unfollow online - [2]\n * レボる - (from \"revolution\") to reform one's own actions and habits - [2]\n * ロム(ROM)る - (from \"ROM\" (Read-Only Member), i.e. a member who reads but doesn't post) to read online posts without posting anything oneself (often used in the sense of \"shut up\", e.g. ロムれ) - [2?]\n\nThere are probably a lot more that don't make it into the dictionaries. オナる\ncomes to mind. If there's a word that's popular and has a two-syllable\nabbreviation, it's probably likely that someone, somewhere has attached る to\nit. As for the pitch accent, all of these fit the pattern described so far\n(downstep directly before る).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-15T02:01:01.120",
"id": "73093",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-15T02:01:01.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22756",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Not coming from loan words, but a related category of such verbs come from\nonomatopoeia, especially those having the ABABする pattern. For example:\n\n * ボコボコ(する) → ボコる (to beat the hell out of)\n * ニコニコ(する) → ニコる (to smile; only seen on ニコニコ動画 so far)\n * パコパコ(する) → パコる (to have sex)\n * ドキドキ(する) → ドキった (have been surprised)\n\nThe last one could be actually coming directly from ドキっと(した); I don’t think\nI’ve ever seen the infinitive form ドキる.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-15T08:16:01.493",
"id": "73098",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-15T23:42:37.640",
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] |
66495
|
73093
|
73093
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66501",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the Wikipedia article\n<https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%9A%84%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83#CITEREF%E9%81%93%E7%94%B02001>,\nit talks about critical thinking and the details that come with it.\n\nIn one section, it talks about the guidelines to critical thinking. One\nguideline in particular says:\n\n> 利用可能なもの、最初の思いついた答えに固執しない。\n\nI think it translates to something like “Available things, do not stick to the\ninitial answer you came up with.”\n\nBut I think I am missing something here. Maybe もの has a meaning that connects\nthe first part to the rest of the sentence.\n\nPlease help me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-08T22:12:25.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66498",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T01:43:45.770",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What does もの in the following sentence mean?",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "You should parse it like this...\n\n> ［利用可能なもの（や）、 最初の思いついた答え］に固執しない。\n\nSo the もの is a noun (物), \"thing\" \"something\".\n\n\"Do not stick to ［available things and/or the initial answer you came up\nwith］.\"\n\nExample:\n\n> 使わなくなったもの、要らないものをメルカリで売ろう。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T00:04:13.427",
"id": "66501",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T01:43:45.770",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-09T01:43:45.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "66498",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66498
|
66501
|
66501
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I bought this pencil from Uniball which is a Japanese made. It is a beautiful\nproduct. The name of the pencil is Shalaku. I wish to know what it\nmeans.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T05:20:14.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66504",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T05:35:34.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33640",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "What does the Japanese word \"Shalaku\" mean?",
"view_count": 478
}
|
[
{
"body": "Shalaku is just (part of) a product name. In Japanese, it's シャ楽. Here's the\n[official\nsite](https://www.mpuni.co.jp/products/mechanical_pencils/sharp_pen/very_raku/sharaku/m5_100.html)\nof a successor product. Etymologically, this product name is probably a parody\nof [Sharaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharaku), an ukiyo-e designer,\nwhose kanji (写楽) literally means \"drawing/picture\" (写) and \"enjoyment/ease\"\n(楽).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T05:28:40.427",
"id": "66505",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T05:35:34.217",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-09T05:35:34.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66504",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66504
| null |
66505
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66516",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is 年月 (months and years) read 【としつき】or【ねんげつ】? Is there a difference? I found\nit in the following sentence in WWWJDIC:\n\n年月が過ぎるのは早い。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T07:02:40.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66506",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-02T12:37:31.480",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-10T03:20:07.897",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"wago-and-kango",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Is 年月 (months and years) read 【としつき】or【ねんげつ】and is there a difference?",
"view_count": 621
}
|
[
{
"body": "年月 is read as both としつき and ねんげつ. It means \"a long time\". There is no\ndifference that I know. Every entries on\n[Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%88-583449#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8)\nshow both readings to have the same meaning.\n\nThe sentence 年月が過ぎるのは早い means \"Time flies so fast\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T20:26:45.157",
"id": "66513",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T20:26:45.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10636",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "There certainly is a difference in nuance and therefore, how the two readings\nare used in real life if not in their basic \"dictionary\" meaning. Frankly,\nthere would not exist two completely different readings if there were no\ndifference between the two in the first place.\n\n「ねんげつ」 tends to sound more formal, academic, technical, etc., which are the\ncharacteristics of **on-reading** words.\n\n「としつき」 tends to sound more informal, personal, intuitive, emotional, poetic,\netc., which are often the characteristics of **kun-reading** words.\n\nIn the sentence 「年月が過{す}ぎるのは早{はや}い。」, 「年月」 can be read either way. It is the\nlarger context from which the speaker/author decides which reading to use.\n\nOther examples of these \"word pairs\":\n\n・「ぼくじょう」vs.「まきば」 for 「牧場」 \"ranch\"\n\n・「みょうにち」vs.「あした」 for 「明日」 \"tomorrow\"\n\n・「ざいにん」vs.「つみびと」 for 「罪人」 \"criminal\"\n\n・「しゅんかしゅうとう」vs.「はるなつあきふゆ」 for 「春夏秋冬」 \"the four seasons\"\n\nFinally, a couple of kanji compounds where their meanings will actually change\nrather drastically depending on how they are read:\n\n「人気」:\n\nIt means \"popularity\" when read 「にんき」, but it means \"signs of life\" when read\n「ひとけ」. Thus, the simple sentence 「X島は人気がない。」 can mean both:\n\n1) \"X Island is not popular (as a place to visit).\" and\n\n2) \"（Almost）no one lives on X Island.\"\n\n「色紙」:\n\nWhen read 「しきし」, it refers to an **extra-thick white-colored** paper on which\none asks a \"famous\" person to sign an autograph.\n\nWhen read 「いろがみ」, it means \" **thin colored paper** \" used often in origami.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T01:16:12.557",
"id": "66516",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-12-02T12:37:31.480",
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"score": 13
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] |
66506
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66516
|
66516
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand Adversity (indirect) passive are used to describe unfortunate\nevent.\n\nAm I correct in saying that the sentence patterns with transitive verbs of\nboth adversity passive and simple (direct) passive are identical?\n\nIf that is the case, how would one know whether they are simply stating the\nfacts (simple passive) or describing unfortunate events (adversity passive)?\nAgain is it simply subjective depending on the context?\n\nWhen one is using adversity passive describing an unfortunate event where the\nsentence has a few verbs which could be transitive or intransitive, could one\nhave more than one verb in the same sentence be converted to passive to convey\nthe sense of being unfortunate\n\nFor example:\n\n * カエルはお腹が空きました。それで、カエルは虫をごくんと飲みました。\n\n * カエルは虫を食べ終わると、だんだん眠くなりました。そして、グッスリ寝てしまいました。\n\nWith the above two example sentences, could I convert any one or two or all\nthe verbs to passive depending on which verb or verbs are deemed as an\nunfortunate events?\n\nWhen the frog was hungry and when the frog ate the worms, they are all\nunfortunate for the worms. When the frog finished eating the worms, got sleepy\nand fell asleep, these were all unfortunate for the frog itself as it was\ngoing to be eaten by a snake (not stated in the examples).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T07:06:55.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66507",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T04:35:17.160",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-10T07:41:52.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "31193",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Could one have more than one verb in the same sentence be converted to indirect passive?",
"view_count": 244
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, let's clarify what we are talking about.\n\n**(A)** indirect passive with a transitive verb\n\n> 私 **は** 妹 **に** ケーキ **を** 食べられた。 \n> 彼 **は** 泥棒 **に** 指輪 **を** 盗まれた。 \n> 娘 **を** 殺された。\n\n**(B)** indirect passive with an intransitive verb\n\n> 私 **は** 赤ちゃん **に** 泣かれた。 \n> 彼 **は** 雨 **に** 降られた。 \n> 親 **に** 死なれた。\n\n**(C)** \"direct\" passive with a transitive verb\n\n> 私 **は** 先生 **に** 見られた。 \n> 彼 **は** ライオン **に** 食べられた。 \n> 友達 **に** 殴られた。\n\nNote that only (A) and (B) are usually called suffering/adversity passive\n(迷惑の受け身). (C) is usually _not_ called adversity passive even if the event is\nunfortunate to someone. And importantly, when an adversity meaning is present,\nthe event is unfortunate **to the person marked with は**.\n\n* * *\n\n> Am I correct in saying that the sentence patterns with transitive verbs of\n> both adversity passive and simple (direct) passive are identical?\n\nIf you mean the difference between (A) and (C), no, their basic grammar\npatterns are different, as you can easily see from the examples above.\n\n(This may be nit-picky, but when words are heavily omitted, (A) and (C) can\nappear identical. For example, 彼に殺された can mean both \"[I] was killed by him\"\n(C) and \"[I] got [my daughter] killed by him\" (A) depending on the context.)\n\n> how would one know whether they are simply stating the facts (simple\n> passive) or describing unfortunate events (adversity passive)?\n\nIn the case of (A) and (B), they ~~always~~ almost always describe events\nwhich are unfortunate to the person marked with は. In the case of (C), it\npurely depends on the context.\n\n> With the above two example sentences, could I convert any one or two or all\n> the verbs to passive depending on which verb or verbs are deemed as an\n> unfortunate events?\n\nIn general, there can be two or more indirect passive expression in a single\nsentence. There is no particular restriction. But in the case of your frog\nstory, I feel there is no place to use indirect passive.\n\n虫はカエルにごくんと飲まれました is fine if this were the story about the worm, but the main\ncharacter of your story is the frog. It makes little sense to suddenly change\nthe topic and form a sentence like this. The misfortune of the worm is not the\nauthor's concern. (Or are you trying to rewrite the entire story from the\nstandpoint of the worm? That doesn't make much sense to me, either, because\nthe worm is already dead when eaten.)\n\nカエルにお腹が空かれました is wrong in this context. It means something like \"[I] got\nbothered because the frog became hungry.\" When this event is unlucky to the\nfrog itself, you should say カエルはお腹が空いてしまいました.\n\n> 今日は昼寝をされようと思われます\n\nWhat is this supposed to mean? This sounds like \"It appears to me that I am\nplanning to be bothered by someone's nap\"...",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T10:36:30.213",
"id": "66533",
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| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66512",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I find it helpful (and fun) to learn a group of words that are connected\netymologically. For example, the stem うら(裏、心) is related to so many words\nranging from JLPT N1 to N5 including:\n\n * うら(裏)\n * 憂う\n * 嬉しい\n * 羨ましい （うら やむ し）\n * 占う （one of the many なう words）\n * 恨む\n\nOn the other hand, there are many words that can be seen as the stem + なう，the\nmost common of which being 行う, which is intrinsically related to 起こる via the\nstem.\n\nSome other なう words that are intrinsically connected with other words via stem\ninclude\n\n * 失う （薄い）\n * 伴う （共）\n * 償う （継ぐ）\n * 担う （荷）\n * 商う （秋）\n\nFor years I have been looking up the etymologies of these words individually,\nmainly through sites like gogen-allguide.com, but now I believe there should\nbe a better way to arrange these things. I find 古文辞書s somewhat helpful, but\nnot right to the point.\n\n旧仮名遣い is not an issue for me so I also welcome suggestions based on it.\n\n### Edit\n\nThe above information is not completely correct, especially the part about なう\nwords. Check the answer(s) before you memorize them. I have subscribed to KDJ\nfollowing the suggestion in the answer and it is in indeed helpful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T11:56:18.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66511",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-10T23:07:12.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "27389",
"owner_user_id": "27389",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "How to look up for stems (in the etymological sense)",
"view_count": 198
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your post doesn't actually ask anything. The implied question is _\"how shall I\nlook up etymologies and derivations?\"_\n\nSome of the bigger monolingual dictionaries include more etymological\ninformation. I love digging around in derivations, and Shogakukan's 国語大辞典\n(KDJ) is a trove of information. I've noticed lately that\n[Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/) includes some content from this dictionary.\n\nSites like [Gogen Allguide](http://gogen-allguide.com/) can provide helpful\nleads. A similar site is [yain.jp](http://yain.jp/), although I don't know\nwhere they pull their information from, so I take them with a grain of salt.\n[Nihon Jiten](http://www.nihonjiten.com/) provides etymologies for a limited\nsubset of entries, most usefully for the names of plants and animals.\n\nAfter identifying a likely root, I'll often dig around in the KDJ and other\nkobun dictionaries to find any likely related terms, and go from there.\nSometimes these other entries might specifically reference the term I started\nfrom, even if that starting entry didn't mention the later terms. Ah, well...\n\nSeparately, you also say, _\"I believe there should be a better way to arrange\nthese things.\"_\n\nI'd agree. Few Japanese dictionaries include information about etymologies and\nderivations, and I've had some interesting conversations with native speakers\nthat lead me to think that many Japanese people don't think much about\nderivations. (That's fair; few speakers of any language really ponder these\nissues, which is why many of us gravitate to websites like this one. :) )\n\nWhen I was in my early years of studying Japanese, I was struck by various\nseeming similarities and I wanted to know more about the etymologies of\nvarious words, but I was stymied by the lack of such information, even in\nreference works. In part to make up for that lack, to make things easier for\nfuture learners, and in part simply to scratch my own itch, I've been\nresearching terms and adding such information to entries over at the [English\nWiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/). I'm sure there are other similar\nefforts underway as well.\n\n**Side notes:**\n\n * 失う is from うし + なう where うし is from ancient verb うす. I think this is more closely related to うしろ (KDJ:「空間的にも時間的にも用い、見えない方をいう」) than to 薄い, since 失う and 後ろ start from the basic idea of \"becoming not, becoming invisible\", while 薄い is just \"thin (but still there)\". While 薄くなる is sometimes glossed as \"to lose\" (such as when said of hair), it really means \"to thin out (while still having a presence)\". 薄い is probably related to 失う, but I think a bit more distantly.\n * 償う is specifically described in the KDJ as arising from older reading つぐのう, from つくのう, from つく + のう. つく derives from betting term ずく, itself from 尽【つ】く. のう is an alternative form of なう.\n * 商う is much more probably related to 贖【あが】う・購【あが】う, older reading あかう, あかふ, and 贖【あが】なう・購【あが】なう, older reading あかなう, あかなふ. These are clearly あか + iterative / repetitive ふ, and あか + \"doing like so\" なう. \nThe //ak-// root of the あき in あきなう and the あか in あかなう seems elusive. In the\nolder language, we have both あく（飽く・厭く・倦く） \"to become full or satisfied\", and\nあく（明く・開く・空く） \"to become empty or open\", which are almost antonyms. How common\nare homophonous antonyms in the world's languages? I'm not sure. This has\nalways struck me as pretty weird. \nBy any gates, these two //ak-// roots don't exhibit any obvious connection to\nthe apparent root //ak-// \"to buy, to sell, to barter, to exchange\" that we\nsee in あきなう・あかなう. The best I can come up with is a kind of mashing-together of\nthe above roots, \"to become empty (by giving something away in exchange) and\nbecome full (by getting the other item in the exchange)\". That seems ...\nunlikely, however.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T17:20:55.700",
"id": "66512",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66511
|
66512
|
66512
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> Eat Mom's Breakfast\n>\n> Toast, Jams, Milk of おいしい牛乳\n>\n> さあて行くわあたし happy happy girl!\n\nFrom the intro of a song (<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KS2t7l89Lm0>)\n\nThe English words are being sung in English.\n\nI understand everything in the bolded sentence except the use of 〜て行く(or maybe\nit's some other construction I haven't recognised?)\n\nExactly why is the て there? The sentence would make sense if it was just\nさあ行くわ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T21:32:03.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66514",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-10T15:31:30.330",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"phrases"
],
"title": "さあていくわ vs さあ行くわ",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "さて・さーて is own expression meaning roughly 'right then' (as in 'Right then, I'll\nbe going').\n\nMeanwhile, さあ invites someone to do something. So さあて行くわ is 'Right then, I'm\ngoing', whereas さあ行くわ is 'Come on, let's go'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-09T21:40:04.487",
"id": "66515",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-09T22:37:28.950",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-09T22:37:28.950",
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"parent_id": "66514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "[さて](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/88595/meaning/m0u/) (> さあて) and\n[さあ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/84286/meaning/m0u/) are separate\ninterjections. Both can have several possible English renderings that might be\nrather confusing, but さて is uttered when you shift the focus of interest to\nanother topic, and さあ is a word to spur someone to take a (dynamic) action.\n\nIn your context both can be filled in, but they tell different things. If I\nhad to make some (shoddy) translation:\n\n> さあて行くわ _And now, I gotta go!_ \n> さあ行くわ _Here goes!_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T05:22:10.740",
"id": "66519",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-10T15:31:30.330",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "66514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66514
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66518",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There's specific words out there like 正典 meant for the Bible, but what's the\ncommon term for referring to a story. As in \"the Christmas Special isn't canon\nfor the Star Wars universe\". I figure there must be one used casually for\ngamers, and manga and anime fans. I'd guess カノン but it's not in any dictionary\nI can find - so it might be slang.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T03:53:30.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66517",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-10T08:15:42.110",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-10T04:16:00.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "22128",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"slang",
"word-requests",
"manga",
"anime"
],
"title": "How do you say \"canon\" as in \"official for a story universe\"?",
"view_count": 2249
}
|
[
{
"body": "_Official_ as opposed to fanfiction/dojin is simply **公式**.\n\nBut do you want to refer to the canonical story line as opposed to that of a\nspin-off based on an alternative/what-if story? Like \"main\" _Attack on Titan_\nas opposed to [_Attack on Titan: Junior\nHigh_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Titan:_Junior_High), or \"main\"\n_Dragon Ball_ as opposed to [_That Time I Got Reincarnated as\nYamcha_](https://dragonball.fandom.com/wiki/Dragon_Ball:_That_Time_I_Got_Reincarnated_as_Yamcha)?\nIn this case, both are 公式, so to speak, but **本編(ストーリー)** is the word to refer\nto the \"main\" story line. 正史 sounds grandiose but can be used if the story is\nvery long like _Star Wars_. カノン seems to be used among hardcore fans of\nforeign fiction, but it's safe to say ordinary anime/manga/game fans do not\nrecognize this term.\n\n**EDIT:** In a rare situation where many titles that can be called 本編 conflict\nwith one another and people want to agree on the \"truely official\" history,\nsomething simple like 公式設定 is used. See\n[宇宙世紀](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80#%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9)\nfor an example.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T04:48:52.953",
"id": "66518",
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66517
|
66518
|
66518
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This was mentioned in our class but for the life of me, I cannot recall the\nexact sentence. I only recall that it was even more 'romantic' or better than\nだいすきです since it means 'I love your everything', if I recall correctly.\n\nHow is this said in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T06:01:56.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66520",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T15:28:37.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31863",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions"
],
"title": "More 'romantic'/better than すきです / だいすきです",
"view_count": 214
}
|
[
{
"body": "well, if you mean 愛{あい｝してる（よ), it's a veeerry deep and romantic thing to say\nand you probably wouldn't want to say it too carelessly... ESPECIALLY in\npublic. If a regular Japanese person heard you say that they'd probably\ndefinitely be weirded out, especially since they are typically opposed to\nPDAs, often not very \"lovey dovey\" (in our sense) in public or sometimes even\nprivate places. They'd probably get super flustered... this is from what I've\nheard from various sources (natives and foreigners who've experienced these\nmatters), so just pointing it out. Lets just say that their ideals and\nopinions on romance and love differ in some ways to us and some others.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T04:30:39.013",
"id": "66529",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T04:30:39.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33658",
"parent_id": "66520",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I recommend 「月がきれいですね」by Natume Souseki（夏目漱石）.\n\nWhen he was an English teacher in school, one day Mr. Natume Souseki asked his\nstudents to translate an essay into Japanese. There is a scene that the hero\ncan't help saying 'I love you' to the heroine when they walk under the\nmoonlight. A student translated it directly into 「愛してる」, But Mr. Natume\nSouseki said that the Japanese would not say so, 'It should be more subtle and\nimplicit.' Students asked how to say that. Natsume Soseki meditated for a\nmoment and told the students that it was enough to say 「月がきれいですね」(the\nmoonlight tonight is beautiful.)\n\nI'm not good at writing in English. So if you ask me why it does, I can only\nsay if you're dating someone you really like, the sky turns blue, the flower\nwill open, the bird will sing and the moonlight will be beautiful. And it all\nbecause of the man standing with you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T15:28:37.017",
"id": "66538",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T15:28:37.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33670",
"parent_id": "66520",
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"score": 2
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66520
| null |
66529
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GgzIz.jpg)\n\nI’m reading this manga and I came across this scene that the character is\ndescribing the new member of the school team that\n\n> 音駒【ねこま】に **あとひと匙【さじ】** 欲しかった決定力になり得る存在\n\n*Note: 音駒 is the highschool name.\n\nFor ひと匙, I’m assuming the character is implying that this new member is one\nlast piece (or thing; factor; component) that the team has sought after.\nHowever, after I have done some research online, I could not find any examples\nof [匙【さじ】](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/87633/meaning/m0u/) with such\nusage. (Most examples I found are related to cooking recipe, which was not\nsurprising because of its original meaning of spoon.)\n\nTherefore, I’m curious if my understanding is correct? If yes, has the term\nbeen used colloquially?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T15:25:25.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66521",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T12:52:01.057",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-10T16:20:59.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19458",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does ひと匙 mean in this manga and has it been used colloquially?",
"view_count": 1281
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your understanding is actually very good: You don't need me.\n\n> 「音駒 {ねこま} にあとひと匙{さじ} 欲{ほ}しかった決定力{けっていりょく}になり得{う}る存在{そんざい}」\n\nobviously describes this new player.\n\nThe Nekoma High has been lacking an amount of scoring ability (決定力). By how\nmuch? By just a spoonful（ひと匙）. The new 194-cm-tall guy could now be just that\nmissing piece for the team.\n\nThe use of 「ひと匙」 is fairly common in referring to a small amount of something\nthat is totally unrelated to cooking.\n\nThe super-literal TL of the phrase above would be something like:\n\n> \"The existence that could potentially be the final spoonful of the scoring\n> ability that one desired for Nekoma.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T16:25:05.950",
"id": "66522",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T12:52:01.057",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-11T12:52:01.057",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "66521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "Your interpretation is actually right. 匙 is _spoon_ (for cooking and\nprescription) as well as _spoonful_ , that's of course, to measure the amount\nof sugar, salt, or any seasoning.\n\nAs you said, あとひと匙 is a figure of speech saying \"the last (missing) spoonful\nof flavor\" that will, I guess English speakers would say, \"spice up\" the team.\nThe metaphor is easily understood by Japanese speakers.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T16:26:34.717",
"id": "66523",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-10T16:26:34.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "66521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
66521
| null |
66522
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66541",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In their answer to the question [Usage of nan\ndesu?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14565/usage-of-nan-desu),\nEarthliŋ described the な in the ~なんだ-construction to be \"the inflection of the\ncopula だ, if you like\". \nI guess this is the same inflection that is used when a な-adjective directly\nmodifies a noun. My question is, why is an inflection used and not just だ by\nitself? By extension, what is the reason why on the other hand, the そう used to\nreport hearsay requires だ (as opposed to, say, な) when used after nouns and\nな-adjectives?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T18:48:37.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66524",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-24T19:30:52.733",
"last_edit_date": "2021-02-24T19:30:52.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"copula"
],
"title": "Origin of the usage of な in ~なんだ",
"view_count": 812
}
|
[
{
"body": "The な after _-na_ adjectives is indeed the same な that appears in the\nexplanatory sentence ending なんだ.\n\nThis gets long. I tried creating a \"TL;DR\" short version, but I couldn't\nfigure out how to really answer your question without including the details.\n:)\n\n## なんだ analysis\n\nLet's break this down.\n\n * なんだ\n * な の だ \n * な: the \"adnominal\" form of the copula, as described in modern grammars. This is added after _-na_ adjectives and nouns in this specific kind of construction, as in 本なんだ or 綺麗なんだ. More about な below in the next section.\n * の: the basic possessive particle. Also used to create a kind of clause that nominalizes (makes a noun out of) the preceding phrase, similar to the use of the \"-ing\" ending in English. \nExamples:\n\n * XXXする **の** は (\"as for doing XX `[as an act, as the topic of this sentence]`...\")\n * XXXを食べる **の** を (\"eating XX `[as an act, as the object of some other verb]`...\")\n * だ: the copular \"to be\" verb. Can be です if the social circumstances of the sentence require a more \"polite\" or outgroup-facing statement.\n\nThe basic meaning of XXなんだ is _\" it's XX, it's that `[whatever we're talking\nabout]` is XX\"_. This is used as an explanatory or emphatic statement. This\nintent is commonly expressed in English more by tone of voice and stress.\n\n## な and だ derivation\n\nNow, why would Earthliŋ say the な was _\" the inflection of the copula だ, if\nyou like\"_?\n\nな arose as a contraction of にある. にある is particle に + ある, which used to be the\ncopular \"to be\" verb in Classical Japanese and older. The phonetic\nprogression:\n\n * にある →\n * なる →\n * な\n\nThe に particle here is analyzed by some linguists as the gerundive or stem\nform of an ancient copular \"to be\" verb, that gave rise to the modern に\nparticle, なる \"to become\" verb, possibly even the ぬ verb ending expressing the\ncompleted state of a verb when added to the 連用形【れんようけい】 (basically, the\n_-masu_ stem), as in the movie title 『風【かぜ】立【た】ちぬ』. _(This is often glossed\nas_ [\"The Wind Rise **s** \"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wind_Rises) _,\nin the present tense, but in the Japanese, 立【た】ちぬ is closer to _\" **has** rise\n**n** \"_, expressing that the action is complete, and the current state is the\nresult of that action.)_\n\nだ meanwhile arose as a contraction of であり. であり is particle で + あり. The\nphonetic progression:\n\n * であり →\n * であ →\n * だ\n\nThis is simplified, and there are various wrinkles. In some parts of Japan,\nfor instance, であ or _de a_ became more like _dya_ which then affricated (added\na friction sound) to become じゃ.\n\nMore about ある versus あり below.\n\n## Grammar\n\nYou also ask, _\" why is an inflection used and not just だ by itself?\"_\n\n### Basic affirmative statements: nouns\n\nThe basic affirmative statement formation pattern is essentially just だ as an\naffirmative statement: \"it `[whatever we're talking about]` is `[whatever\ncomes before the だ]`\".\n\nWords that are nouns can be followed immediately by だ:\n本【ほん】だ、車【くるま】だ、茄子【なすび】だ.\n\n### Explanatory affirmative statements: verbs\n\nHowever, you can't use だ immediately after a verb. It would be like saying, in\nEnglish, \"It is `[VERB]`.\" Examples: 食べるだ、話すだ → \"`[TOPIC that we're talking\nabout]` is eat, `[TOPIC]` is talk.\" That doesn't work in either language.\n\nTo make things work in English, we have to change the verb into a noun by\nusing the \"-ing\" form: \"`[TOPIC that we're talking about]` is [the act of]\neating, `[TOPIC]` is [the act of] talking.\" The way to change the verb into\nthis kind of noun in Japanese is to add の after it: 食べるのだ、話すのだ.\n\nSay, someone says \"what should I be doing now?\" A friend might reply \"You\nshould be eating.\" → 食べるのだ.\n\n### Explanatory affirmative statements: nouns\n\nAgain, to make a basic affirmative statement with a noun (\"it's a `[NOUN]`\"),\nyou just say `[NOUN]`だ.\n\nTo make an explanatory statement with a noun (\"it's that it is a `[NOUN]`\"),\nyou'd have to use the のだ ending -- but you cannot just say `[NOUN]`のだ, as that\nwinds up meaning \"`[whatever we're talking about]` is the noun's / belongs to\nthe noun\".\n\nSo how do we clarify this?\n\nTechnically speaking, the phrase before the の here must be in the 連体形【れんたいけい】\nor \"adnominal\" or \"noun-modifying\" form. (Personally, I suspect this\ngrammatical requirement for the adnominal before the の might be because the\noriginal construction included the noun 事 (\"fact, act of\") between the verb\nand the particle.)\n\nIn modern Japanese, the 連体形【れんたいけい】 and 終止形【しゅうしけい】 or \"terminal, sentence-\nending, or plain form\" are the same thing for almost all verbs. The one clear\nexception is だ, where the plain form だ is different from the adnominal form な.\n\nThis is ultimately because of the way that な and だ evolved. Above, I mentioned\nthat な came from にある, and だ from であり. あり is the terminal or plain form of the\nClassical Japanese copular \"to be\" verb, and ある is the adnominal form. So even\nthough most verbs have identical plain and adnominal forms, the modern copular\n\"to be\" verb still differentiates, using な for the adnominal and だ for the\nplain.\n\nSo to clarify that we're not talking about something _belonging_ to the noun,\nbut instead talking _about_ the noun, and because the explanatory のだ requires\nthat the preceding phrase end in the adnominal form, we insert this な.\n\n## Grammar: examples\n\nHere are some examples of when to, and when not to, insert the な to make an\nexplanatory affirmative statement.\n\n * Verbs:\n\n * 話すのだ -- ✔ \nThe verb is already in the adnominal, so we can just add the explanatory のだ.\n\n * 話すなのだ -- ✖ \nThe verb is already in the adnominal, so the な is redundant. It's maybe a bit\nlike saying \"it's that it's that `[TOPIC that we're talking about]` is [the\nact of] talking.\"\n\n * Nouns:\n\n * 本のだ -- ✖ \nSince the phrase before the の is not in the adnominal form, the の acts as a\nsimple possessive. So this winds up meaning \"`[TOPIC that we're talking\nabout]` is the book's / belongs to the book\".\n\n * 本なのだ -- ✔ \nSince the phrase before the の is in the adnominal form, the のだ can function as\nthe explanatory affirmative.\n\n * _-i_ Adjectives: \nRemember that these can function grammatically like verbs. Also, technically\nspeaking, the plain and adnominal forms of _-i_ adjectives have also fused in\nthe modern language, so we can use the same pattern as for verbs.\n\n * いいのだ -- ✔ \nThe adjective is already in the adnominal, so we can just add the explanatory\nのだ.\n\n * いいなのだ -- ✖ \nThe adjective is already in the adnominal, so the な is redundant. It's maybe a\nbit like saying \"it's that it's that `[TOPIC that we're talking about]` is\n[the fact of being] good.\"\n\n * _-na_ Adjectives: \nRemember that these can function grammatically like nouns (and sometimes can\nalso be nouns), so we can use the same pattern as for nouns.\n\n * 永遠のだ -- ✖ \nSince the phrase before the の is not in the adnominal form, the の acts as a\nsimple possessive. So this winds up meaning \"`[TOPIC that we're talking\nabout]` is eternity's / belongs to eternity\".\n\n * 永遠なのだ -- ✔ \nSince the phrase before the の is in the adnominal form, the のだ can function as\nthe explanatory affirmative.\n\n* * *\n\nThere's a lot to get across here to really explain what's going on. If the\nabove is unclear or confusing, please comment and I can rework as needed.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T19:20:54.607",
"id": "66541",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-24T19:23:19.210",
"last_edit_date": "2021-02-24T19:23:19.210",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66524",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
66524
|
66541
|
66541
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66534",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across an image on Deviantart that has Japanese text written on it, so\nI am trying to translate it. You can see it here:\n<https://www.deviantart.com/ryonapage/art/Dominated-710481249> (Warning: Not\nSafe For Work)\n\nThe part that I'm stuck on is the onomatopoeia ピクンッ. I found out from the\nwebsite\n([http://thejadednetwork.com/sfx/search/?keyword=%E3%83%94%E3%82%AF&submitSearch=Search+SFX&x=](http://thejadednetwork.com/sfx/search/?keyword=%E3%83%94%E3%82%AF&submitSearch=Search+SFX&x=))\nthat ピクッ means _twitch_. But it doesn't have ピクンッ listed. Is it some sort of\nvariant?\n\nIf you know the answer, please tell me. Thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-10T20:16:55.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66525",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T10:54:54.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"definitions",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does ピクンッ mean?",
"view_count": 408
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, ピクンッ is a variation of ピク. It describes a fast jerky muscle movement.\n`ン`, `ッ` and `ンッ` can be somewhat arbitrarily added to make an onomatopoeia\n\"stronger\".\n\n * バタ = バタッ = バタン = バタンッ\n * ドキ = ドキッ = ドキン = ドキンッ\n * ペタ = ペタッ = ペタン = ペタンッ\n * キラ = キラッ = キラン = キランッ",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T10:54:54.420",
"id": "66534",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T10:54:54.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66525",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66525
|
66534
|
66534
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Both seem to mean borrowing an employee from another company but not exactly\nthe same for both cases.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T00:34:49.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66527",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T13:51:29.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33572",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 派遣 and 出向?",
"view_count": 161
}
|
[
{
"body": "A 派遣会社 is basically a temp agency. 派遣, in this case, is being sent out\n(assigned/dispatched) temporarily to a company which has a contract with the\nagency for temporary workers.\n\n出向 is simply one department of a company or the company itself 'loaning' their\nemployee to another department or another company (An arrangement among\npeers). This term can be several months or even a couple of years. The\nemployee who is 'on loan' essentially becomes an employee of the company or\ndepartment they are being loaned to for this term.\n\n* * *\n\nA is a permanent employee at Alright Temp Agency in Tokyo. \nB registers with Alright Temp Agency as a 'dispatch worker'. \nA gets sent to help start a new Alright Temp Agency in Osaka, to help train\nworkers and provide support for a period until their expertise is no longer\nrequired (出向). \nB gets a temporary assignment at a nearby restaurant chain on Tuesday and\nanother assignment to make bento boxes at another company on Thursday (派遣).\n\n* * *\n\nSo, the main difference is whether you are specifically a 'worker specifically\nassigned to short-term contracts through a temp agency' or 'a permanent\nemployee who is, for whatever reason, temporarily assigned to another\nlocation'.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T04:20:32.807",
"id": "66528",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T04:20:32.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27280",
"parent_id": "66527",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "派遣 refers to sending a worker to another company while he/she is still\nemployed by the original company. If someone works under the command of\nCompany X but is paid salary by Company Y, he/she is called a 派遣社員. This can\nhappen in various forms, but typical, \"so-called\" 派遣社員's are employees of\nlarge 派遣会社 (temporary staff agencies) dedicated for offering 派遣. They engage\nin various types of (sometimes unimportant, sometimes special) labor, but they\nusually don't have enough chances to get promoted. Despite its own advantages,\ngenerally speaking, 派遣 is not seen as an ideal style of working.\n\n出向 is not a legal term, but it basically refers to temporarily sending someone\nto an associated company/office for various reasons. A 出向社員 is employed by the\nnew company, but expected to go back to their original workplace usually after\na few months or years. One important difference is that 出向 is often seen as a\ngood chance to develop the career of an elite worker. In the case of 出向, one\nmay be sent as a manager or even a board member of the new company. [_Kachō\nKōsaku Shima_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kach%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsaku_Shima) is\na manga which depicts a salaryman who experiences a number of 出向's within an\nimaginary conglomerate, until he finally becomes a president. (There are\nnegative 出向, too.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T13:20:16.650",
"id": "66536",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T13:51:29.730",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-11T13:51:29.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66527",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66527
| null |
66536
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66532",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you translate 「腰掛{こしかけ}で仕事{しごと}をする」in this sentence.\n\n> 男が奢{おご}るのは当{あ}たり前{まえ}で、まだ女子{じょし}は腰掛で仕事をする人も多く、24歳{さい}25歳が結婚{けっこん}のリミット？！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T07:53:45.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66530",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-20T18:07:45.593",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-20T18:07:45.593",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "33451",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "How would you translate 「腰掛で仕事をする」?",
"view_count": 618
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「腰掛で仕事をする」\n\n「腰掛{こしかけ}で」 in this phrase has an idiomatic meaning of \" _ **temporarily**_ \"\neven though the original meaning of 「腰掛」is \"a chair\", \"a bench\", etc.\n\nThus, the phrase in question means \" **(many women) still just work\ntemporarily (until they get married)**.\" Hence, they tend to make less money\nthan their male colleagues because those women workers are assigned simpler\ntasks, which is why the male workers often end up 奢る-ing them. 「奢る」 means \"to\ntreat others\" or \"to pay for others\".\n\nFYI: This might surprise some, but 「椅子{いす}」 is a Sino-loanword while 「腰掛」 is\nan originally Japanese word.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T08:43:41.287",
"id": "66532",
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"parent_id": "66530",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
66530
|
66532
|
66532
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Good day all,\n\nThank you for reading my request. I am making a painting and want to make it\nso that it makes sense to Japanese people. I am very interested in Japanese\nculture but would not really know how to pronounce a sentence. I hope there is\nsome way to make it readable, without losing the design too much :)\n\nThe artwork is supposed to say: World Peace, which I found online to be 世界平和\n\nI hope that is correct. I have added an image of what I am planning to make.\nAny help would be greatly appreciated... Thank you in advance!\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Y0Nmy.png)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T13:12:08.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66535",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-13T06:00:41.470",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33666",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "Need help with artwork",
"view_count": 271
}
|
[
{
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Nln5X.png)\n\nHow about this? This may be easier to read.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-15T04:49:09.190",
"id": "72516",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-15T04:49:09.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35021",
"parent_id": "66535",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
66535
| null |
72516
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Words in their kana: 我が\n\nOr do I use\n\n己が\n\nWhich is more natural?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T13:29:29.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66537",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T15:47:43.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "In a sentence, do you use 'waga' or 'onoga' for possession?",
"view_count": 258
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you're talking about modern Japanese, **neither is natural** outside of a\nvery short list of fossilized expressions, which themselves are only natural\nin a very short list of circumstances.\n\nIf you want to say _my_ , the most natural way to do so in everyday modern\nJapanese is:\n\n * 私【わたくし】の\n * 私【わたし】の\n * 自分【じぶん】の (literally \"one's own\", very context dependent)\n * 僕【ぼく】の\n * 俺【おれ】の\n\nThese are roughly listed in order from most polite to most casual.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-11T15:47:43.280",
"id": "66539",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-11T15:47:43.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66537",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66537
| null |
66539
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66546",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the following sentence, does もの mean \"person\" (qualified by 1人あたり) or\n\"thing\" (as in \"the 費用 thing\")。\n\n> 上記費用は1人あたりのものですか？\n\nFor reference, below are the definitions I have for もの:\n\n> 物 もの (n,uk) thing; object; the natural thing; a frequently done thing; used\n> to express emotional involvement; used in giving a reason; (P) \n> 者 もの (n) person (rarely used w.o. a qualifier); (P)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-12T00:30:03.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"formal-nouns"
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"title": "What does もの mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1068
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{
"body": "> 「上記費用{じょうきひよう}は[1人]{ひとり}あたりの **もの** ですか？」\n\nIn this sentence, 「もの」 is used in order to avoid repeating the word 「費用」\nbecause it would sound fairly awkward to use 「費用」 twice in such a very short\nsentence.\n\n> \"Are the expenses above per person?\"\n\nLikewise, I am sure it would sound clumsy if I said in English:\n\n\"Are the expenses above the expenses for one person?\"",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-12T00:59:20.150",
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"body": "I have difficulty translating the phrase アンニュイに言われても: it seems to me that\nbreaking them into pieces that I can use dictionary feels off. Google\ntranslate often does better when it is given a full sentence, and I think it\nis almost correct, but I would like to see if there is better way to do this.\n\nThe conversation started off like this:\n\n```\n\n A: B, アイス食べたくない？\n B: …そんなアンニュイに言われても…\n A: え？食べたくない？\n B: だから！！\n A: 私は食べたいよ？\n B: 食べればいいじゃない！\n A: でも冷凍庫にアイスないもん\n B: じゃあ、我慢しよーよ…\n \n```\n\nThe closest I could find is \"even if you say so\", which I used Google\ntranslate plus personal interpretation. But if I break it into pieces, the\nfirst phrase means \"ennui\" which is closer to boredom (which matches the\ncontext, when A said she suggested she wants ice cream out of a sudden), but\nit does not fit the sentence literally.\n\nThe source is from a manga I read, for reference it's chapter 59 of\n兄の嫁と暮らしています。\n\n**EDIT:** I seemed to have missed に in the middle of the phrase, which is now\ncorrected.",
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"tags": [
"manga",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Translating アンニュイに言われても",
"view_count": 276
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"body": "The original text is アンニュイ **に** 言われても. It's \"say it in an アンニュイ way\" rather\nthan \"say アンニュイ\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1MPgH.png)\n\nアンニュイに (from French _ennui_ ) in this context means \"lacking energy\", \"without\npassion\", \"listlessly\", \"as if you were uninterested/bored\", \"drowsily\", etc.\n\nAt least in Japanese, アンニュイ sometimes has a positive connotation. アンニュイな魅力を持つ人\nor アンニュイな雰囲気の人 can refer to an attractive person because of their coolness or\nexpressionlessness. See [this article](https://ranking-best.net/79) for\nexample.",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-12T15:58:32.157",
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"body": "I would like to translate this sentence:\n\n_In order to compensate the deviation of the actual from the requested output\ncurrent, the input voltage must be adjusted._\n\nI would try as follows:\n\n実際の出力電流の指令された電流からの逸脱を補正するには、入力電圧を適応させることが必要です。\n\nI think it is correct. However, the expression \"実際の出力電流の指令された電流からの逸脱\" sounds\nawkward as \"の\" is mentioned three times. From my point of view, it is somehow\nunclear to what the second \"の\" is referring to.\n\nDoes anybody no an alternative for the \"実際の出力電流の指令された電流からの逸脱\"? Will it be an\noption if I say: \"実際の出力電流に於ける、指令された電流からの逸脱\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Alternative to の",
"view_count": 160
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"body": "Your attempt is not wrong but was difficult for me to grasp which word\nmodifies which. Something like this would be easier to read:\n\n> 実際の出力電流と指定した出力電流との差を補正するには、…\n\nIf you want to use における, use it to describe a \"broad\" scope:\n\n> 出力電流における実際値と指定値との差を補正するには、…\n>\n> 出力電流における、実際値の指定値からの逸脱を補正するには、…\n\n指定値 can be replaced with 指示値, 指令値 or 要求値 according to your preference.\n\nIn addition, you may want to use 調整する instead of 適応させる. 適応 means adapting to a\nnew environment/configuration, but this sentence seems to be about something\nsimpler.",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-12T02:30:24.997",
"id": "66547",
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"body": "I think using the second の makes it really hard to read and it would be better\nto use と and make it more of a contrast between the expected and actual\noutputs.\n\n> 実際の出力電流 **と** 指令された電流 **との** 逸脱を補正するには\n>\n> In order to compensate for the deviation between the actual and expected\n> output current",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-12T02:34:02.380",
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"body": "Consider the following question which requires you to order four items in a\nsentence:\n\n> 市民の _ _ _ _ 目指しています。 \n> 1. 街づくりを 2. 願いに 3. こたえる 4. しっかり\n\nAt first I answered it as\n\n> 市民の願いにこたえる街づくりを **しっかり目指しています** 。\n\nBut it turned out to be\n\n> 市民の願いに **しっかりこたえる** 街づくりを目指しています。\n\nI don't know why しっかり modifies the verb こたえる better than 目指す.",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-12T06:40:00.697",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Verbs that go well with しっかり",
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"body": "Good afternoon,\n\nThough there are a few meanings to しっかり, I have always though of it to mean\nproperly~ or firmly doing something. You can't properly have a goal towards\nsomething. But you can properly meet the demands of people. Which is why こたえる\nis better in this situation.\n\nIn this situation it also helps to know the word こたえる which means \"to answer\"\nbut also means \"to meet (e.g. expectations; demands).\" お願いにこたえる translates to\n\"To meet demands.\" こたえる with the に particle behind it is likely to have the\n\"To meet\" meaning instead of \"To answer\" meaning.\n\nSorry if my explanation is long and I hope this makes sense.\n\nGood luck.\n\nEdit: I noticed I didn't give any other verbs that go with しっかり as what your\nheader was asking.\n\n<https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E3%81%97%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A8>\n\nThis is from weblio and has a lot of examples with しっかり. A lot of the meanings\nwill be the \"firm\" but I think it will give you a good idea on what verbs you\nare likely to see しっかり with.",
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"body": "First, understand that しっかり can be used with a simple verb or a combined verb\n(using [verb\nconjugation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation)). Then\nonly understand how verbs go well with しっかり.\n\n> しっかり読む。 \n> To read properly.\n>\n> しっかり仕事をする。 \n> To do work properly.\n\nしっかり modifies the simple verb 読む in the former and the combined verb 仕事をする in\nthe latter. The latter sentence may be (mis)constructed as follows.\n\n> 仕事をしっかりする。 △\n>\n> 仕事をしっかり[管理]{かんり}する。 ○ \n> To manage the work properly.\n>\n> 仕事をしっかり終わらせる。 ○ \n> To finish the work properly.\n\nThe しっかり that tries to modify verb conjugation する is less sensible than to\nmodify combined verb 仕事をする. The former is missing \"something\" before する, or\notherwise the sentence may be reworded as shown above. Then comes the question\nasked.\n\n> OP: I don't know why しっかり modifies the verb こたえる better than 目指す.\n\nGiven the sentence in question, しっかり goes well with the most relevant verb.\nこたえる is relevant to the subject, whilst 目指す is relevant to the speaker. With\nrespect to the subject's possession, こたえる is the most relevant verb.\n\n> Q: 市民の ( __ ) ( __ ) ( __ ) ( __ ) 目指しています。 \n> 1. 街づくりを 2. 願いに 3. こたえる 4. しっかり\n>\n> A: 市民の [(願いに)]{2} [(こたえる)]{3} [(街づくりを)]{1} [(しっかり)]{4} 目指しています。 × \n> [We are] aiming [(properly)]{4} [(to respond)]{3} the citizen's\n> [(request)]{2} [(of town-building)]{1}.\n>\n> A: 市民の [(願いに)]{2} [(しっかり)]{4} [(こたえる)]{3} [(街づくりを)]{1} 目指しています。 ○ \n> [We are] aiming [(to respond)]{3} [(properly)]{4} the citizen's\n> [(request)]{2} [(of town-building)]{1}.\n\nしっかり enhances 目指しています in the former A, and enhances こたえる in the latter A.\n\nしっかり目指しています suggests that \"aiming properly\" will take side on the speaker, and\nthat could mean enough to just listen and do nothing much about it (already\ncounts as \"to respond\").\n\nしっかりこたえる suggests that \"to respond properly\" will take side on the subject,\nand that could mean no longer enough to just listen but to do something about\nit. This can be understood as _something might be done_ instead of a false\npromise.\n\nThe former A makes sense when used in a simple sentence as follows.\n\n> やりたいことを しっかり [目指して]{めざして}います。 \n> [I am/We are] aiming properly towards what [I/we] want to do; \n> [I am/We are] indeed heading for what [I/we] want to do.\n\nThat means しっかり目指しています _can be_ correct; however, the one in question is\nincorrect because that does not make sense with respect to the subject's\npossession 市民の(願いに), and _not because_ of the combination of しっかり and 目指す\nitself.\n\nHence しっかりこたえる is indeed correct for the sentence in question.\n\n**Translation note 1** : The translation text \"to respond properly\" is\ndebatable when read in full sentence. Consider another sentence as follows.\n\n> この[回答]{かいとう}を (しっかり) ([確認]{かくにん}) してください。 \n> Please [(check)]{A} [(properly)]{B} this answer; \n> Please [(check)]{A} this answer [(properly)]{B}.\n\nThe first pattern A B is most natural when the sentence omits the object \"this\nanswer\", such that しっかり確認してください can just be translated as \"Please check\nproperly\". The second pattern A ... B that puts the object next to the verb is\nmore natural. With the first pattern, verb and adverb are placed next to each\nother like Japanese counterpart therefore easier to compare and explain.\n\n**Translation note 2** : At time this answer was written, [街 on\nウィキペディア](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%97) noted that 「街」 has similar\nnuance to \"downtown\" despite not being linked to [Downtown on\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown). In terms of usage,\n\"downtown\" seems to be primarily American English, and otherwise \"city centre\"\nin British English.\n\nThe loose translation \"town\" makes better sense with \"town-building\" rather\nthan \"downtown-building\" (unless someone else could suggest otherwise).\n\n**TL;DR** しっかり goes well with the most relevant verb in the sentence, which is\nこたえる with respect to the subject's possession 市民の(願いに).",
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"body": "> This question is related to my Sci-fi Fantasy question [\"Japanese Wedding\n> Chant from Ghost in the\n> Shell\"](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/208615/japanese-wedding-\n> chant-from-ghost-in-the-shell). That question is concerned with Japanese\n> folk traditions and mythology, and please feel free to give an answer there\n> for that question if you have one.\n\nHello, I'm new to Japanese Language SE. [Making of\nCyborg](https://ghostintheshell.fandom.com/wiki/M01_Chant_I_-\n_Making_of_Cyborg) and\n[Reincarnation](https://ghostintheshell.fandom.com/wiki/M10_Chant_III_-\n_Reincarnation) are two theme songs from the 1995 animation [Ghost in the\nShell,\n攻殻機動隊](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell_\\(1995_film\\)), and\nboth utilize the same ancient Japanese chant.\n\nIn the chant the \"鵺鳥\" is mentioned, which has been variously translated as\n'Chimera bird' & 'Sterling bird'. What bird is meant by this, and is it [the\nmythical Nue](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nue)? And if so, then why would\na symbol of ill-omen be included in a wedding chant, which should be a happy\nand blessed occasion?\n\n> **Japanese KanaKanji**\n>\n> 吾が舞へば、麗し女、酔ひにけり\n>\n> 吾が舞へば、照る月、響むなり\n>\n> 結婚に、神、天下りて\n>\n> 夜は明け、鵺鳥、鳴く\n>\n> 遠神恵賜\n>\n> **First English Translation**\n>\n> Because I had danced, the beautiful lady was enchanted\n>\n> Because I had danced, the shining moon echoed\n>\n> Proposing marriage, the god shall descend\n>\n> The night clears away and the chimera bird will sing\n>\n> The distant god may give us the precious blessing\n\nThank you.\n\n> _Note: Regarding my previous inquiry into the correct translation to English\n> regarding the tenses,[broccoli\n> forest](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/7810/broccoli-forest) was\n> kind enough to refer me [to this\n> question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/44084/what-is-the-\n> grammar-behind-this-sentence-in-old-japanese) answering exactly that, and\n> since that has already been answered I've removed it from my question to\n> avoid duplication._",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"song-lyrics",
"classical-japanese",
"anime",
"old-japanese"
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"title": "鵺 Chimera Bird in Making of Cyborg and Reincarnation",
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"body": "# The Question\n\nIn an earlier version of your post, you had asked:\n\n> I've seen two different English translations and I'm wondering which one is\n> more correct.\n\nOther users commented and linked through to a related question that discusses\nthe translation of the first line. However, that line does not touch at all\nupon the nue bird, as mentioned in your later question. I think a fuller\nexploration of the text and its translation could still help answer this\nquestion:\n\n> In the chant the \"鵺鳥\" is mentioned, which has been variously translated as\n> 'Chimera bird' & 'Sterling bird'. What bird is meant by this, and is it [the\n> mythical Nue](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nue)? And if so, then why\n> would a symbol of ill-omen be included in a wedding chant, which should be a\n> happy and blessed occasion?\n\nNotably, translation is **always** a matter of moving data from one format to\nanother, where the two formats are never entirely compatible. Translation is\n**always** lossy, one way or another, and in dealing with that loss and\nattempting to produce a cogent and attractive target text, translators may\nsometimes take a few liberties. The ideal is (usually) to express the intent\nof the source, even if that necessitates changes in vocabulary and structure.\n\nTo start, as I've often heard from literature professors, \"go to the text\nitself\". Let's look at the source Japanese and analyze that.\n\n## The Source: Taking It Apart\n\nAs sung:\n\n> 吾【あ】が舞【ま】えば、麗【くわ】し女【め】、酔【よ】いにけり \n> 吾【あ】が舞【ま】えば、照【て】る月【つき】、響【とよ】むなり \n> 結婚【よばい】に、神【かみ】、天【あま】下【くだ】りて \n> 夜【よ】は明【あ】け、鵺【ぬえ】鳥【どり】、鳴【な】く \n> 遠【とお】神【かみ】恵【えみ】賜【ためえ】\n\nThis seems like an odd mixture of conventions from Old Japanese and Middle\nJapanese or later. Although we have five lines, this is certainly missing the\nages-old 5-7-5-7-7 metered structure of much Japanese poetry. I'm familiar\nwith the modern language, and I've studied the Man'yōshū for some time, so the\noddness I perceive here might be because this poem actually represents a\nparticular phase of Middle Japanese poetry conventions that I'm just not savvy\nto. Or, this poem could be a purely modern contrivance using Old / Classical\nwords to evoke that sense.\n\nThat said, let's dive in.\n\n### Line 1\n\n> 吾【あ】が舞【ま】えば\n\n * 吾【あ】: \"I\", \"me\"\n * 舞【ま】えば: the verb 舞う \"to dance\" in the 已然形【いぜんけい】 or \"realis\" form まえ, with the ば ending. \n * The realis + ば had different meanings in earlier stages of the language: \n * A reason for a decision: \"because\"\n * A permanent precondition: \"whenever `[VERB]`, then `[some result]`\"\n * A contrary statement: \"although `[VERB]`, then `[some unexpected or undesired result]`\"\n * A momentary opportunity: \"when `[VERB]` this particular time, then `[some outcome]`\"\n * A listing of things that happened, similar to the modern use of し: \"`[VERB]`, then `[some other actions]`\" \nThis last usage pattern only appears from around the Kamakura / Muromachi\nperiods.\n\nConsidering the above, we could interpret 吾が舞えば in various ways.\n\n> 麗【くわ】し女【め】\n\n * 麗【くわ】し: \"refined and beautiful\"\n * The modern term くわしい is more commonly spelled 詳しい, and refers more to \"knowledgeable, knowing the details\". This developed from the earlier meaning of \"refined\", with a focus more on \"beautiful\".\n * 女【め】: \"woman\"\n\nAs a whole phrase, we'd expect the adjective to be in the 連体形【れんたいけい】 or\nadnominal form くわしき. However, くわしめ does appear as a set phrase in very old\ntexts such as the [Kojiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kojiki) of 711-712.\n\n> 酔【よ】いにけり\n\n * 酔【よ】い: the 連用形【れんようけい】 or stem form of the verb 酔【よ】う, \"to become intoxicated\".\n * にけり: a very old verb ending that expresses a kind of wonderment at something having happened. \n * に is the stem form of completion auxiliary ぬ.\n * けり is another auxiliary expressing a recollection of something in the past. This is probably a fusion of past recollective auxiliary き + あり (modern ある), the earlier copular \"to be\" verb (from which modern だ evolved).\n * Breaking this down and putting it back together, the basic meaning is something like \"wow, `[person]` got drunk / became intoxicated\".\n\n### Line 2\n\n> 吾【あ】が舞【ま】えば、照【て】る月【つき】、響【とよ】むなり\n\nWe'll skip the repeated 吾【あ】が舞【ま】えば.\n\n * 照【て】る月【つき】: pretty straightforward, \"shine\" + \"moon\" → \"the shining moon\"\n * 響【とよ】む: \"to make a thunderous shaking sound; to cry out; to resound, to ring out; to be noisy; to throb painfully\". \n * Also found as どよむ in younger texts. Appears to be the mimetic word とよ or どよ referring to a lot of loud voices together, + suffix む meaning \"looks like, seems like, behaves like\".\n * なり: Many possible meanings, which I won't list. \n * Given the context and the usage at the end of the line, the most likely sense is an affirmative declaration, like modern \"のだ\". This なり could also have a separate sense of \"reported speech\" similar to modern \"そうだ\" on the end, but I don't think that meaning fits very well here.\n\n### Line 3\n\n> 結婚【よばい】に、神【かみ】、天【あま】下【くだ】りて\n\n * 結婚【よばい】: A visit to propose marriage. \n * There is a common folk etymology described in various places online that derives this from 夜【よ】 \"night\" + 這【は】い \"crawling, creeping\" from the idea that someone is creeping into someone else's bedroom in the night. This is partly due to the 当て字 spelling of 夜這い. Historically, this did have connotations of \"to come calling (on the sly)\". However, this よばい is actually the regular stem form of verb よばう, in turn just the iterative / repetitive / continuing form of 呼【よ】ぶ \"to call\", as the 未然形【みぜんけい】 or irrealis (\"hasn't happened yet\") conjugation _yoba_ + iterative / repetitive / continuing auxiliary ふ. \nSo 呼【よ】ぶ \"to call\" → 呼ばう \"to come calling (repeatedly, as when courting)\".\n\n * The rest is pretty straightforward.\n\n### Line 4\n\n> 夜【よ】は明【あ】け、鵺【ぬえ】鳥【どり】、鳴【な】く\n\n * 夜【よ】は明【あ】け: \"the night opens\" → \"dawn breaks\"\n * 鵺【ぬえ】鳥【どり】: also known as [虎【とら】鶫【つぐみ】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%84%E3%82%B0%E3%83%9F) or [White's thrush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%27s_thrush), a particular kind of bird. \n * You mention the translation \"chimera bird\". \n鵺【ぬえ】 does have an alternative meaning of \"chimera\", as in \"a mythical\ncreature with body parts from different animals\". However, the _nue_ kind of\nchimera is quite specific, with the head of a monkey, the torso of a tanuki,\nthe tail of a snake, and the legs of a tiger. There's nothing bird-like about\nthat description. \nThe translator may have been taking some poetic license, as the _nue_ chimera\nis also said to have a strange voice and call similar to the White's thrush.\nOr rather, the creepy nightime call of the White's thrush likely gave rise to\nthe idea of the _nue_ chimera. And given the _Ghost in the Shell_ context, of\na cyborg that is part human and part machine, the \"chimera\" term itself fits\nquite well.\n\n * You also mention the translation \"sterling bird\". \nThere's nothing called a \"sterling bird\" that I'm familiar with. I suspect the\ntranslator may have confused the White's thrush with the related st **a**\nrling (not st **e** rling). However, the starling doesn't make any\nparticularly creepy or sad call, and it also doesn't call at night. I think\nthis translation is just a mistake. \nBy way of reference, there's a short sound recording available\n[here](https://www.hbw.com/ibc/species/1344011/sounds) of the bird's call at\nnight. It is indeed a bit eerie and creepy.\n\n * 鳴【な】く: \"to cry, to make a sound\"\n\nPossible renderings:\n\n\"The dawn breaks, the chimera bird calls\" \n\"The dawn breaks, the thrush makes its creepy call\" _(more explicitly calling\nout the creepiness, which would otherwise be lost on readers who are probably\nunfamiliar with the chimera bird)_\n\n**However** , there's a double-meaning here. 鵺【ぬえ】鳥【どり】の is also a\n枕【まくら】詞【ことば】 or a kind of introductory epithet, where the creepy sad call of\nthe thrush is used as a metaphor for alluding to various things, including\n心【うら】泣【な】き \"crying on the inside\", のどよい \"silent weeping\", and even 片【かた】恋【こい】\n\"unrequited love\". (Relevant [Kotobank\npage](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%B5%BC%E9%B3%A5%E3%81%AE-593969).)\n\n### Line 5\n\n> 遠【とお】神【かみ】恵【えみ】賜【ため】\n\nWow, this line has a lot going on.\n\n * 遠【とお】神【かみ】: this could simply be 遠【とお】 \"far off distance\" + 神【かみ】 \"god, spirit\". \n * However, in Old Japanese, this compound didn't happen. Instead, we have 遠【とお】つ神【かみ】, where つ is the ancient possessive like modern の.\n * 恵【えみ】: \"blessing\"? \n * The kanji 恵 would suggest a reading of めぐみ, not えみ. I can't find any word えみ that's spelled with 恵. Instead, we find 笑み and 咲み, referring either to \"smiling\" or \"blooming\", from a root idea of \"coming into fullness and opening up (such as fruit, or flowers, or smiles)\". I suppose this could be interpreted poetically as \"blessing\", from the various senses of \"fruition\" that relate to \"marriage\".\n * 賜【ため】: \"receiving\"? \"gimme\"? This could be a sound shift from たまい, itself the stem form of verb たまう, an honorific for \"to give (such as a superior to an inferior)\". Alternatively, this could be a sound shift from たまえ, the imperative of たまう. Similar in meaning to modern くれ.\n\nOn its surface, this could be parsed as a somewhat ungrammatical phrase\nmeaning \"the far off god gives a smile/blessing\", or as a command/request, as\n\"far-off god, give me a smile/blessing\"\n\n**However** , there's a deeper meaning going on here, riffing on a very\nancient phrase.\n\nとおかみえみため is the modern kana rendering of ancient と・ほ・かみ・ゑみ・ため ( _to po kami\nwemi tame_ ), the names of five specific lines cut into the inside of a\ntortoise shell, which would then be roasted, and the resulting pattern of\ncracks on the outside of the shell would be \"read\" to divine the future.\n\nLater, this phrase came to be used as a kind of incantation or invocation when\npraying for absolution.\n\n(Entries at\n[Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8B%E3%81%BF%E3%81%88%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81-581807)\nand\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8A%E3%81%8B%E3%81%BF%E3%81%88%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81).)\n\nIn the context of this whole poem, this last line has two meanings -- one\npositive (the marriage with the god has received a blessing, or perhaps the\nspeaker is asking for a blessing), and one negative (the speaker is praying\nfor absolution for the sin of doing something awful, possibly the sin of co-\nmingling the earthly and godly and thereby sullying the godly).\n\n## Putting It Back Together: Possible Translations\n\n> 吾【あ】が舞【ま】えば、麗【くわ】し女【め】、酔【よ】いにけり \n> 吾【あ】が舞【ま】えば、照【て】る月【つき】、響【とよ】むなり \n> 結婚【よばい】に、神【かみ】、天【あま】下【くだ】りて \n> 夜【よ】は明【あ】け、鵺【ぬえ】鳥【どり】、鳴【な】く \n> 遠【とお】神【かみ】恵【えみ】賜【ため】\n\nKeeping it reasonably close to the source:\n\n> When I danced, oh how the beautiful woman became intoxicated \n> When I danced, the shining moon did thunder out \n> The god descended and came calling to woo \n> The dawn broke, the chimera bird made its sad call \n> O distant god, give grace\n\nStraying more from the literal words of the source, in an attempt at something\nmore recognizable as English-language poetry and to try to better approach\nsome of what the original evokes:\n\n> I danced and oh but how the beauty swooned \n> I danced and oh the thund'rous shining moon \n> The god descended and came to woo \n> Daybreak's eerie chimera-bird call \n> By the gods' grace, may I be absolved\n\n## Back to the question\n\n> ... why would a symbol of ill-omen be included in a wedding chant, which\n> should be a happy and blessed occasion?\n\nUltimately, this isn't a wedding chant, so much as a snippet of a tale of\nforbidden love. As I understand it, the nue bird's call here isn't an ill omen\nper se (we're not talking impending disaster), so much as a recognition that\nthings could never work out between a god and a mortal, and an allusion to the\ninevitable parting of ways. The last line's origin as a recitation for\ndivination, and later as a broad plea for divine forgiveness, also makes clear\nthat this is not an altogether _happy and blessed occasion_.\n\n* * *\n\n**Note** : This poem has 5 lines, and at first glance, it might seem to echo\nthe structure of a five-line 短歌【たんか】. However, 短歌【たんか】 have a strict moraic\nstructure of 5 7 5 7 7, which this poem notably ignores.\n\n> 吾【あ】が舞【ま】えば、麗【くわ】し女【め】、酔【よ】いにけり (14 morae) \n> 吾【あ】が舞【ま】えば、照【て】る月【つき】、響【とよ】むなり (14 morae) \n> 結婚【よばい】に、神【かみ】、天【あま】下【くだ】りて (12 morae) \n> 夜【よ】は明【あ】け、鵺【ぬえ】鳥【どり】、鳴【な】く (10 morae) \n> 遠【とお】神【かみ】恵【えみ】賜【ためえ】 (9 morae, or 8 if not counting the final ～え)\n\nOr, breaking it down by comma-delimited phrases,\n\n * 5 + 4 + 5\n * 5 + 4 + 5\n * 4 + 2 + 6\n * 4 + 4 + 2\n * 9 (or 8 if not counting the final ～え)\n\nDefinitely not a 短歌【たんか】.",
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"body": "I came across this ぐっぽぐっぽ word while reading doujinshi. \" **ぐっぽぐっぽ**\nセッXス穴ほじくってる\"\n\nFrom the images shown when I searched for its meaning, it seems to be the\nsound made when sucking something. Does it have more specific meaning(s) or\nusage(s)?\n\nMany thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-12T19:51:11.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66553",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "The meaning of ぐっぽぐっぽ ; グッポグッポ ; グポグポ(?) ; ぐぽぐぽ(?)",
"view_count": 2529
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"body": "グポグポ is similar to ズポズポ (see your previous question), but feels more dirty,\nvulgar or \"sticky\" to me. It's perhaps used mainly in sexual contexts, but you\nmay see グポッ also to describe a \"gore\" sound made when someone stuck his arm\ninto someone's abdomen.",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-13T22:40:31.550",
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66568
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"body": "I've seen the phrase 1ターン1度 \"once per turn\" used in the Yu-Gi-Oh! Card game,\nso it seems like ターン is a legit counter. But I'm not sure how to pronounce it.\nFrom what I've googled so far, some people pronounce it like いったーん which is\nodd because ターン is a gairaigo.\n\nSo how do you pronounce 1ターン?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-13T13:37:04.587",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"loanwords",
"counters"
],
"title": "How to pronounce 1ターン?",
"view_count": 682
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"body": "Both いちたーん and いったーん are valid. (As an aside, わんたーん is also very common,\nespecially when it's part of a longer phrase like 1ターンキル.)\n\nThere may be exceptions I'm not aware of, but basically foreign counters/units\nthat start with K, T or P can be read both いち○○ and いっ○○.\n\n * 1カラット: いちからっと・いっからっと\n * 1キロ: いちきろ・いっきろ\n * 1テスラ: いちてすら・いってすら\n * 1トラック: いちとらっく・いっとらっく\n * 1トン: いちとん・いっとん\n * 1ペソ: いちぺそ・いっぺそ\n * 1ポンド: いちぽんど・いっぽんど",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-13T15:07:34.960",
"id": "66563",
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66560
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66563
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66563
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"body": "Is there any difference between 帰宅{きたく}する and 帰{かえ}る (return home) or are they\njust exact synonyms?\n\nFor example, in [that sentence from\nTatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/eng/sentences/show/79749) :\n\n> 夜{よる}になったので、帰宅{きたく}した。\n\nCan 帰宅{きたく}した be replaced by 帰{かえ}った?\n\nWhen should 帰宅{きたく}する be used instead of 帰{かえ}る (or vice versa)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-13T14:37:30.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66561",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-13T22:10:55.800",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-13T21:50:02.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "32939",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Difference between 帰宅{きたく}する and 帰{かえ}る",
"view_count": 553
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"body": "* 帰宅 means \"to return home\", but 帰る only means \"to return\". You can say 会社に帰る, but 会社に帰宅する is wrong. Depending on the situation, 夜になったので帰った can mean \"I returned (to the office/base/school/etc)\". There are also 帰社 \"to return to office\", 帰室 \"to return to one's room\", 帰国 \"to return to one's country\", and so on.\n * 帰宅 is a [kango](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary), and thus sounds more formal. It's mainly used in business settings. There are already dozens of similar questions in this site, so please take a look at some questions marked with [wago-and-kango](/questions/tagged/wago-and-kango \"show questions tagged 'wago-and-kango'\").",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-13T22:10:55.800",
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66561
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66567
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66567
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66566",
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"body": "I asked a Japanese friend of mine whether I can rephrase the following two\nsentences with the bold words:\n\n> > これがかの有名なマリー・アントワネットが座った椅子ったって、今見て彼女がいるわけじゃないのにね。(original)\n>\n> これがかの有名なマリー・アントワネットが座った椅子 **だって** 、今見て彼女がいるわけじゃないのにね。(〇)\n>\n> これがかの有名なマリー・アントワネットが座った椅子 **だったって** 、今見て彼女がいるわけじゃないのにね。(〇)\n\nwhereas\n\n> > 榊さんの飼っている犬がどんなにかわいい犬ったって、もしかしたらかみつくかもよ？ (original)\n>\n> 榊さんの飼っている犬がどんなにかわいい犬 **だって** 、もしかしたらかみつくかもよ(〇)\n>\n> 榊さんの飼っている犬がどんなにかわいい犬 **だったって** 、もしかしたらかみつくかもよ(✕)\n\nWhy the sentence with \"椅子だったって\" sounds natural while the last sentence\ndoesn't?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-13T14:46:17.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66562",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-11T12:02:45.413",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "When is it possible to use \"だったって\"?",
"view_count": 505
}
|
[
{
"body": "The difference is what follows in the second clause. To quote from the\n[大辞林](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6) entry for って\n\n>\n> 活用語の終止形、接続助詞「から」などに接続する。前件が後件の正当な理由にならなかったり、後件が前件の予想に反する結果になるような場合の逆接条件を表す。といっても。としても。\n> 「いくら反対した－、だめです」 「いまさら頼むと言ったから－、もうおそい」\n\nThe important thing is that the clause that follows is contrastive to the\nclause that ends with って.\n\nIn the first example, the first clause tells us that Marie Antoinette used to\nsit on the chair.\n\n> これがかの有名なマリー・アントワネットが座った椅子だ This is the chair that the famous Marie\n> Antoinette sat on.\n>\n> これがかの有名なマリー・アントワネットが座った椅子だった This was the chair that the famous Marie\n> Antoinette sat on. (maybe it's only the remnants of the chair now)\n\nAnd the second clause according then contrasts the fact that she used to sit\non that chair with the fact that now (今) she cannot possible be sitting there.\nThe fact that the chair could not be fully functioning doesn't matter\n\nBut in the second example, the implication in the second clause is that even a\ncute dog could bite you. However, depending on だ and だった, the implication\nabout the current state of the dog is different.\n\n> 榊さんの飼っている犬がかわいい犬だ The dog that Sakaki-san owns is a cute dog.\n>\n> 榊さんの飼っている犬がかわいい犬だった The dog that Sakaki owns was a cute dog (but isn't\n> anymore)\n\nIf we use だった, the implication is that the dog that Sakaki-san owns is already\nno longer cute (maybe he was a cute puppey or something), so then it wouldn't\nbe unexpected at all for a mean dog to bite you. Thus the second clause isn't\ncontrastive compared to the first clause.",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-13T18:11:34.813",
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66562
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66566
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66566
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66572",
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"body": "I'm looking at the definition of 微細 in different dictionaries. One dictionary\ngives the example 微細にわたる説明. Does this mean \"an explanation that barely gets\nacross,\" or does it mean something more like 説明は微細な点にまでわたる, which was an\nexample given in another dictionary.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T01:04:25.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66569",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-14T05:50:16.540",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「微細にわたる説明」",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "微細にわたる説明 from [デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/184317/meaning/m0u/)\nmeans an explanation that is so detailed that it reaches the level of 微細\n(きわめて細かく小さいこと).\n\nFrom [大辞林 definition of わたる](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%B8%A1%E3%82%8B)\n\n> ⑤ 〔「亘る」とも書く〕 ある範囲に及ぶ。 ㋑ 広い範囲に及ぶ。くまなく及ぶ。 「各分野に－・る広い学識を備えている」 「研究は多岐に－・っている」\n> 「原因を細部に－・って調べる」 「話が私事に－・って恐縮ですが…」\n\nにわたる is being used to indicate the extent of that the explanation reaches.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T03:47:46.253",
"id": "66571",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-14T03:47:46.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "66569",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "微細 is used as a noun here (rather than the continuative/adverbial form of the\nna-adjective 微細な) and means \"details\". 微細にわたる means \"go into minute detail\".\nSo...\n\n> ［微細にわたる］説明 = An explanation ［that goes into detail］ (i.e. \"A detailed\n> explanation\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T05:50:16.540",
"id": "66572",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-14T05:50:16.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "66569",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66569
|
66572
|
66572
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66574",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw following sentence in one text book\n\nこんなにおいしいの食べたことありません\n\nBut I would expect\n\nこんなにおいしいの **は** 食べたこと **が** ありません\n\nCan both 'は' and 'が' be omitted here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T02:26:42.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66570",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-14T09:30:49.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Particle missing in 'こんなにおいしいの食べたことありません'",
"view_count": 125
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, they can be omitted, especially in daily conversation. Particle is often\nomitted in daily conversation.\n\nFor example, A:刺身食べたことある?, B:(刺身)食べたことないよ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T09:30:49.413",
"id": "66574",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-14T09:30:49.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "66570",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66570
|
66574
|
66574
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66575",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Compare the following sentences:\n\n> 日本語を勉強しはじめた。 \n> 日本語を勉強するようになった。\n\nI normally think of ようになる as expressing a gradual change. So maybe I studied\njust a little bit two years ago, a bit more last year, and this year I'm\nstudying hard. I suspect that this is not what 勉強するようになった actually means\nthough. Can ようになる describe a sudden change of state, i.e. today I decided that\nfrom now on I will study Japanese?\n\nWhat about はじめる? It was suggested to me in a comment to one of my answers that\nはじめる is \"to start doing something at the moment and implies that the action\nwill not be continuing for a long time\". I always used to think that はじめる\nsimply meant \"to start\" with no restrictions on time etc. Now I'm not so sure.\n\nIn short, when should I use はじめる and when should I use ようになる to describe\nstarting something.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T09:30:16.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66573",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-14T10:52:46.540",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-14T10:52:46.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between はじめる and ようになる",
"view_count": 300
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Can ようになる describe a sudden change of state, i.e. today I decided that from\n> now on I will study Japanese?\n\nIt can't unless you actually work on it. However...\n\n> Can ようになる describe a sudden change of state?\n\nYes, once the sudden change is carried out, you can use it.\n\n> I always used to think that はじめる simply meant \"to start\" with no\n> restrictions on time etc.\n\nHow you understand it is correct. In other words, はじめる doesn't necessarily\nmean it's a habit, which ようになる implies. So, 勉強しはじめる just generally means to\nstart studying, while 勉強するようになる means that how one studies becomes a habit.\n\n> 日本語を勉強してはじめた\n\nIt means that you started something after you studied Japanese.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T10:23:19.943",
"id": "66575",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-14T10:23:19.943",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "66573",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66573
|
66575
|
66575
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've been hearing something like yamoen for the meaning of \"can't be helped\".\nSimilar to shouganai from my guess. I can't find it in any dictionary. Am I\ngetting the word wrong or is it a colloquial Kansai dialect?\n\nIt's weird because there's this Tokyo-ben character in a show who just\nsuddenly used it out of nowhere so I don't think it should be a dialect.\n\nThank you,",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T12:33:16.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66577",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-14T12:33:16.740",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is Yamouen/Yamoen?",
"view_count": 407
}
|
[] |
66577
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66590",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Which is the correct answer to the question もう ジョンさんは 来ましたか。\n\n> いいえ, まだ ジョンさんは 来ません。\n\nor\n\n> いいえ, まだ ジョンさんは 来ません でした。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T12:49:16.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66578",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-19T02:54:47.580",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-19T02:54:26.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "33690",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense",
"aspect"
],
"title": "What should I use 来ません or 来ません でした",
"view_count": 217
}
|
[
{
"body": "I don't see any other answers on this yet but if you have the adverb まだ the\nverb will conjugate to the negative ～ていない 。So this situation will be\nいいえ、まだジョンさんは来ていません。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T04:43:56.990",
"id": "66590",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-19T02:54:47.580",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-19T02:54:47.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "33694",
"parent_id": "66578",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66578
|
66590
|
66590
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "* 言っている > 言ってる\n * 欲しがっています > 欲しがってます\n * 見ていた > 見てた\n * 行っていました > 行ってました\n\nI'm trying to sound as native as possible, so I would like to know which the\nmore common way is of speaking in the present continuous tense (while knowing\nthat the grammatically correct way would be to include い after て).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T19:52:17.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66580",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-24T22:20:16.120",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-24T22:20:16.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "32246",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Do native Japanese speakers always omit い after て in present continuous tense across all conjugations in informal language?",
"view_count": 237
}
|
[
{
"body": "That happens very often, but it would be overgeneralizing to say that it\n**_always_** happens.\n\nThere are multiple levels of \"informal speech\" and it would be safe to say\nthat the more informal the situation/conversation becomes, the more often the\nphenomenon in question occurs.\n\n(It is not too informal to end sentences with 「ます」 or 「ました」 as in a couple of\nyour example sentences, either. Sorry, but as a native speaker, I can't help\nnoticing these little things here.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T02:04:19.560",
"id": "66587",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-15T02:04:19.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "66580",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66580
| null |
66587
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66625",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How should I read 花弁? I came across it in this sentence from ねじまき鳥と火曜日の女たち by\n村上春樹.\n\n> テーブルの上には紫色の木蓮の花弁が雨に打たれてはりついていた\n\n大辞泉 has these two entries, which leads me to believe 花弁 is more officially\ncorrect as a way of writing かべん than of はなびら.\n\n> か‐べん【花弁・花×瓣】 \n> はな‐びら【花△弁・花△片・×瓣】\n\nOn the other hand, I feel like I've heard the word はなびら more often in speech.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T22:49:23.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66581",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T04:15:04.247",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-15T01:00:47.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "902",
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "How should I read 花弁?",
"view_count": 292
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both readings are possible. はなびら is a yamato-kotoba (wago) and thus much more\ncommon as a word, but it tends to be spelled as 花びら to avoid confusion. For\nreference, [this lyrics search](https://www.uta-net.com/) knows 3,338 songs\nthat contain `花びら` and 203 songs that contain `花弁`. For this reason, when I\nsee 花弁 in all-kanji, I personally read it かべん most of the time. かべん sounds\nrelatively stiffer, but IMHO it's not strange in a serious literary work. But\nthis is basically a matter of taste, and I know almost nothing about\nMurakami's writing style. His fans may think differently.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T02:42:36.033",
"id": "66625",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T02:42:36.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66581",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "村上春樹's style is basically spoken language in daily life. So はな‐びら is better.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T04:15:04.247",
"id": "66627",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T04:15:04.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33721",
"parent_id": "66581",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
66581
|
66625
|
66625
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66594",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Someone asked this question:\n\n> 最近、男性からcmを見て堀北真希と顔の系統一緒‼ 化粧頑張ったらあそこまでいけるよと言われたのですがこれはほめられてるんでしょうか？\n>\n> 大変有難い話ですが私が\n>\n> 似てないですよと言ったら系統が一緒と返されました…\n>\n> どうでもいいと思いますがご回答御願いします。\n\nThis was the reply they got:\n\n> それは超ベタ褒めです可愛いの代名詞ですし結婚して\n>\n> 泣いた男性がドレほどいたか女性の憧れの的です。\n\nI'd translate the whole thing as:\n\n> Recently, a man told me: \"I watched a commercial and the genetics of your\n> face are the same as Horikita Maki's!! If you work hard on your make-up you\n> can make it where she is\". That's a compliment, right?\n>\n> I told him: \"I am thankful for what you said, but I don't look like her at\n> all\", but he replied that our genetics are the same...\n>\n> I don't think it's very important, but please answer.\n>\n\n>> That's definitely a great compliment. That's because she's a byword for\n\"cute\". How many men cried after marrying? It's the object of admiration of\nwomen.\n\nI'm confused whether I'm right because the person who answered doesn't seem to\nseparate their sentences and I can't find anything about \"どれほどいたか\". I found a\ntext in which it seemed to mean \"how many people were there?\", but in this\ncase it's written as an embedded question.\n\nWith the way I translated, I imagine 'the man who cried\" that the person who\nanswered refered to is Horikita Maki's husband. The question was posted in\n2015 and Horikita Maki married that year.\n\nI have no idea if he cried at the wedding, but that is the only way to\ntranslate that I could think of.\n\nObviously, my difficulties lie mainly in the reply, but I decided to include\nthe question to provide context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T23:46:52.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66582",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-16T18:08:54.500",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-16T18:08:54.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "29268",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is my translation wrong? I am not sure about どれほどいたか",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "Firstly, your TL of the question seems okay except for the \" **genetics** \"\npart. 「系統{けいとう}が一緒{いっしょ}」 simply means \" **You bear a (close) resemblance to\n(Horikita).** \"\n\nSecondly, let me just add _**things**_ to the reply to make it the kind of\nJapanese that should be easier for Japanese-learners.\n\n> それは超ベタ褒めです可愛いの代名詞ですし結婚して\n>\n> 泣いた男性がドレほどいたか女性の憧れの的です。\n\nwill become:\n\n> それは超ベタ褒めです。(堀北真希は)可愛いの代名詞ですし、(堀北が)結婚して\n>\n> 泣いた男性がドレほどいたか！！(堀北は)女性の憧れの的です。\n\n「どれほどいたか！」＝「たくさんいた！」＝ \"How many men there were (who cried!)\" = \"Many men\n(cried!)\"\n\n**Thus,「どれほどいたか！」 is an exclamation rather than a question.**\n\n> With the way I translated, I imagine 'the man who cried\" that the person who\n> answered refered to is Horikita Maki's husband. The question was posted in\n> 2015 and Horikita Maki married that year.\n\nNo, it is talking about her male fans who cried when Horikita got married.\n\"Many men\" cried, remember?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T09:53:28.593",
"id": "66594",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-15T10:27:52.720",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "66582",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66582
|
66594
|
66594
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66584",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「その上{うえ}には熱帯魚{ねったいぎょ}の水槽{すいそう}と何{なに}かのトロフィーがふたつのっている。」\n\nThis is a quote from \"The wind-up bird and Tuesday's Women.\" How many fish\ntanks are there? How many trophies?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-14T23:51:05.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66583",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-24T14:15:53.350",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-03T06:07:27.640",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"counters",
"numbers"
],
"title": "How many things? AとBがふたつ",
"view_count": 932
}
|
[
{
"body": "That would be **one fish tank and two trophies** , all of which are placed on\ntop of something (その上). At least, that is how nearly every native speaker\nwould read that sentence.\n\nIf it were the word 「ふたつ」 that was confusing you, **it would not be used to\ncount two totally unrelated items** such as a fish tank and a trophy when\nthere is one of each.\n\nIt is not like you are seeing a green apple and a red apple in front of you,\nin which case many of us would describe the situation by saying 「リンゴがふたつ（ある）」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T01:35:44.477",
"id": "66584",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-24T14:15:53.350",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-24T14:15:53.350",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "66583",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
66583
|
66584
|
66584
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66588",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was at Japanese class today and I heard these phrases while I was listening\nto chokai:\n\n休んでくれますか (Can you give me the favour of resting for today) 休ませてもらいませんか (Can\nyou let me rest for today?) 休んでもらいますか (Can I receive the favour of resting for\ntoday?)\n\nFrom my understanding, these phrases mean the same thing (Translation as per\nmy understanding as of above). However, I was told by my japanese teacher that\nthey all mean different things but I could not understand his explanation on\nwhy they were different. Can anyone explain why they are different in all 3\ncases?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T01:58:38.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66586",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-15T08:04:33.710",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-15T08:04:33.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"causation",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Confusion between もらいます and くれます when used as a post-fix to te-form verbs",
"view_count": 265
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 休んでくれま **せんか** is more like **won't you** rest?\n\n * 休ませてもら **え** ますか is like **could you** let me rest?\n\n * 休んでもら **え** ますか is like **could I** have **you** take the day off?\n\nくれる is used when something is done in your/your party's favor. More\nspecifically, it is attached to the verb that **someone else** does **for\nyou**. For example, **マイケルは** ( **私に** ）ペンを貸してくれた。\n\nもらう is used to describe your party **receiving** an action from **someone\nelse** , using the same example, **私はマイケルに** ペンを貸してもらった。\n\nIn the case of ～させてもらう, させて indicates some sort of allowance/permission, and\nもらう indicates that **you** are the subject that is receiving the permission.\nThus, 休ませてもらえますか literally means \"Could (you) allow (me) to rest?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T03:50:21.403",
"id": "66588",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-15T03:50:21.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33695",
"parent_id": "66586",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66586
|
66588
|
66588
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have seen 11,000 written as １万１０００, but not as １.１万 (the way one may write\n'3.5 millions'). Is this possible?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T04:29:35.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66589",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-23T07:29:28.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"numbers"
],
"title": "Can 11,000 be written １.１万?",
"view_count": 485
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you put 1.1万 into google you will see how it can be used. It is possible to\nuse it but from all of the examples I saw on the first 5 pages of google it\nseems to mostly be used in a statistic rather than normal messages or replies.\nSo if you are putting it in a statistic I would say it is ok, other wise 1万1千\nseems to be the go to or just 11,000.\n\nHope it helps.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T05:37:11.393",
"id": "66593",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-15T08:20:36.100",
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{
"body": "I think you can but it's somewhat uncommon in general usage. However, it can\nbe used often in some scenarios such as when one is renting a property. Here\nare some examples I found:\n\n> 人口1.1万（2010）(From the [デジタル大辞泉 entry for the city of\n> 夕張](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/224565/meaning/m0u/))\n>\n> 仕事後の寄り道 月1.1万円 (From a [Nikkei\n> article](https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO42774450S9A320C1PPE000/))\n>\n> 家賃5.5万円以下物件特集ページ (From a [rental page](http://www.maruya-y.jp/rent/))\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/M34yJ.png)\n\nHowever, I don't think this construction is used a lot in general. You can\nsurmise this from the\n[number](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11175074266)\n[of](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q10120656725)\n[questions](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1034168510)\n[on](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11152640961)\n[Chiebukuro](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14137054659)\n[about](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1227084197)\n[similar](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12163782142)\n[constructions](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q14128638639).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-15T12:34:21.170",
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{
"body": "Yes, we do sometimes utilize a large number as a unit for brevity, and of\ncourse it is customary to use powers of 104 (万, 億, 兆...) in Japanese, instead\nof those of 103 (thousand, million, billion...).\n\nThe decimal representation could be seen everywhere I think the English\ncounterpart would be used except when the discrepancy of order matters; for\nexample, beneath a viral tweet usually shown:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Rzl37.png)\n\nwhich is in the Japanese UI:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UkSOi.png)\n\nwhere you can see a decimal is followed by 万 (ten thousand).\n\nAs an aside, in some fiscal or statistical documents they use 103 scale (such\nas 123.4千円 or 56.7百万人), in order to align the order with the international\nconvention. But this is quite unusual practice outside the field.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-23T07:29:28.237",
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66589
| null |
66765
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "70538",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I noticed that on Japanese 履歴書s, graduating from graduate school is marked\nwith 修了 instead of 卒業 like for undergraduate and primary/secondary education.\nI'm curious as to the reason this difference exists and in particular why the\ndistinction was made in the first place.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T12:10:44.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Why is graduating from graduate school 修了 instead of 卒業?",
"view_count": 1350
}
|
[
{
"body": "The word 卒業 usually means completing a predetermined set of courses or\nclasses. Therefore, you can use 卒業 for 小学校, 中学校, 高校, and 大学. However, since\n大学院 does not usually have a predetermined set of courses but each student can\npick and make his/her own plan of study, the word 修了 is used for such cases.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-02T22:48:00.147",
"id": "67946",
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{
"body": "It's because most people go to graduate school expecting to earn a masters\ndegree or PhD but few go the full course. You earn a degree by taking required\nclasses, doing original research, writing a thesis and (successfully)\ndefending it. If you go to grad school and do all these things but your\ndoctoral thesis isn't up to snuff, then you can still say 修了 as in\n博士課程を修了しました, but you'd be on thin ice if you claimed to have a PhD. If you\nearned a doctorate, i.e., you successfully defended your doctoral thesis at an\naccredited school and have the right to append PhD to your name, then you can\nput (東京)大学博士号取得 on your 名刺。There are some gray areas that you can read about\non Japanese Wikipedia but the situation I have described corresponds to how\nthe terms are used in Japanese society and media.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-08-03T06:44:58.303",
"id": "69855",
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{
"body": "修了 means to conclude education, training in company. \nActually, in the end of every school year (middle of March), students in\nelementary school, junior high school and high school do 修了. \n卒業 means to graduate from school and to leave an idol group. \nBut graduating from graduate school is called 修了 more often than 卒業.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-09-04T00:35:37.643",
"id": "70524",
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{
"body": "There's a post (in Japanese) about this at: <http://wonder-\ntrend.com/archives/3651.html>\n\nAs I understand it, the reason basically is because in the context of a CV you\nuse 卒業 to indicate graduating (completing studies) from a specific school and\nyou use 修了 to indicate completing a specific program/course of study. See\nalso: [this goo dictionary comparison of 卒業 and\n修了](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/9715/meaning/m0u/%E4%BF%AE%E4%BA%86/)\n\nFor instance, you may write:\n\n> 〇年〇月 ▲▲大学大学院××学研究科□□学専攻修士課程入学\n>\n> 〇年〇月 ▲▲大学大学院××学研究科□□学専攻修士課程修了\n\nto say that at Time A you entered into a master's degree program at a certain\ndepartment in a certain college in a certain graduate school, and at Time B\nyou completed the master's degree program.\n\nIf you want to use 卒業, you could say something like 大学院を卒業した but without\ncontext it's not clear if you mean you got a master's or a PhD then, or what\nthe subject was, and of course you want to be precise and pro forma on a 履歴書.\n\nIt's really not that different from English: You _graduate_ from a school, but\nyou _complete_ a degree or program. One often talks about graduating from\ncollege without too much concern about the precise degree (BS, BA, etc) or\nmajor. And in casual spoken conversation among fellow math PhDs I may say I\ngraduated (from grad school) in 2004. However, on my CV or to someone who\ndoesn't know what degree I have, I write \"PhD, 2004\" or say \"I got my PhD in\n2004.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-09-04T13:57:02.143",
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66595
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70538
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70538
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"body": "I was reading a book and it used the phrase\n\n> 喉からてが出るほど\n\nbut I can't remember what followed. It feels like I would use this in the same\nway I would use the English phrase \"so bad that it hurts\" as in \"I want to do\nsomething so bad that it hurts\". Is my understanding correct? In what kind of\nsituations would you use a phrase like this?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T14:24:01.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66598",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-12-31T06:32:33.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "29183",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "Use of phrase 喉から手が出るほど",
"view_count": 150
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's a little different from your understanding. It's used to express that you\nwant something too much. I don't think it shares the same meaning as \"so bad\nthat it hurts\" but it is closer to \"wanting something so badly\"\n\nIn English, commonly used expressions are (I would die for ~ , I would kill\nfor ~, I badly need a~ )\n\nI hope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T03:17:40.043",
"id": "66610",
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}
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66598
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"body": "The verb 引く gives 引き出し ('drawer'), which is a straightforward etymology shared\nby Japanese and English (and French and probably more). But 引き分け seems to also\nhave an etymology similar to 'draw' (as 'tie' in sports) in English; and this\netymology is not so self-evident. Is there a shared logic, is it a\ncoincidence, was the word imported and translated?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T16:45:37.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66599",
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"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Etymology of 引き分け: same as English?",
"view_count": 180
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 引き出し is 引き \"pulling\" + 出し \"coming out\". By extension, \"that which pulls and comes out\" or \"that which is pulled and comes out\": a drawer. \n\n * Technically speaking, the Japanese term does not share its etymology with any other known word in another language: etymology refers to the specific derivation of a word and its constituent parts. Neither English nor French have any words even remotely related to 引き出し (aside from any borrowings from Japanese). The word-formation process in the three languages might be vaguely analogous, which I think is what you mean.\n * 引き分け is 引き \"pulling\" + 分け \"splitting, dividing\". By extension, \"that which pulls and divides\", or \"that which is pulled and divided\". \n\n * In the absence of any specific number, this often refers to splitting something in two halves, and that sense in the context of a competition yields the idea of the two teams being equally matched: a tie, with neither winning and neither losing.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T21:05:03.200",
"id": "66604",
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66599
| null |
66604
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{
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"body": "It is my understanding that using the either the particle も or まで can both\nindicate surprise that the noun is included within some context.\n\n(I'm not that advanced in Japanese yet so I apologise for mixing English and\nJapanese into the example. Hopefully I got the idea across).\n\nEx/\n\nEnglish: \"Even children own phones!\"\n\nJapanese: \"childrenも phonesを own!\" v.s. \"childrenまで phonesを own!\"\n\nAre these particles interchangeable in this context?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T17:00:16.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66600",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T02:00:11.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32926",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Particles that indicate surprise [も/まで]",
"view_count": 182
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this case, using 「まで」 would be just fine, but using 「も」 by itself would be\na little too weak to serve the purpose of expressing one's surprise.\n\nThe most often used (therefore, most natural) particle choices here would be:\n\n> 「こども + **まで/までも/でも/さえも/でさえも** + 携帯{けいたい}を持{も}っている。」\n\nAmong all those choices, 「まで」 and 「でも」 are on the informal side, and 「でさえも」\nwould be the most formal and emphatic.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-16T02:00:11.187",
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"score": 5
}
] |
66600
| null |
66606
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{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I learned 残念ながら quite early on and simply took it at face value, but as I've\ngained experience in Japanese I've come to question why this piece of grammar\nhas two seemingly unrelated uses - expressing the simultaneity of two actions\nand turning certain nouns into an adverb.\n\nI'm unsure which nouns beyond the one in the title this works with, if any.\n(Can I say 普通ながら?) Are they simply set phrases? Is this a different ながら from\nthe other meaning? How does these constructions differ from, say, 当然に?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T17:06:25.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66601",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T03:24:32.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31273",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "What nouns can ながら turn into adverbs, and how does this differ from に? (残念ながら、当然ながら...)",
"view_count": 245
}
|
[
{
"body": "ながら can be used in different ways although similar. While we just simply\ntranslate 残念ながら as unfortunately. It still literally means \"while being\nunfortunate\"\n\n 1. While doing A, also doing B V + ながら～（e.g. 歩きながらタバコを吸う。）\n 2. Even/Although/In spite of A, B. n/A + ながら～ (e.g 外国人ながら日本語をしゃべります。)\n 3. With/While being A, B n/A + ながら～ (e.g 残念ながら日本語試験に失敗した。)\n\nI am not sure about which nouns beyond these samples are being commonly used\nwith this form. Either way I hope this helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T02:59:44.497",
"id": "66608",
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},
{
"body": "～ながら is **sometimes** translated as an adverb (e.g. 残念ながら = _regrettably_ ,\n_unfortunately_ ), but saying \"ながら turns a noun into an adverb\" is misleading.\nThis ながら is close to _while_ , _although_ or _despite_. In English, _while_ is\nparticularly close to ながら in that it not only describes two actions happening\nsimultaneously but it also expresses a contrast.\n\nながら can follow almost any noun, na-adjective and even i-adjective, but you\nshould use it sparingly because it sounds fairly stiff or literary. Usually\n(だ)けど or (だ)が is preferred.\n\nExamples:\n\n * 残念ながら事実です。 \n(literally: While that is regrettable, that is true.) \nRegrettably, that is true.\n\n * 失礼ながら申し上げますと、… \n(literally: Although this is rude, I will say ...) \nI am afraid to say this, but ...\n\n * 困難な仕事ながら、やる価値がある。 \nWhile it's a difficult job, it's worth doing.\n\n * 彼の成績は普通ながら、才能は突出している。 \nDespite his unremarkable grades, he has an outstanding talent.\n\n * 貧しいながら、末永く幸せに暮らしました。 \nAlthough poor, they lived happily ever after.\n\n> How does these constructions differ from, say, 当然に?\n\n～に modifies a verb, whereas ～ながら (sometimes) works like English \"sentence\nadverbs\". See [this\ndiscussion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/61713/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T03:13:51.437",
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"score": 6
}
] |
66601
| null |
66609
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66605",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a manga and a character said this:\n\n> 詳しくは俺から言う事ができない\n\nI'm pretty sure it means \"I can't go into details\", but I've never seen the\nstructure 「私から言う」 before. When is it acceptable to use?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T17:29:41.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66602",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T01:11:33.953",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-15T18:38:14.250",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "29268",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Using から with the verb 言う",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「[Name, pronoun, title, etc.] + **から** + 言う、話す、伝{つた}える, etc.」\n\nis often used when:\n\n1) The person chooses (or chooses not) to be the one to bring up the topic.\n\n2) The person is only allowed to give a certain amount of information.\n\nIn both cases, the verb will often be in its (positive or negative) potential\nform.\n\nThus, the sentence:\n\n> 「詳{くわ}しくは俺{おれ}から言う事ができない。」\n\nwould mean (unless the context suggests otherwise):\n\n> \"I am not in a position to give you the details.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-16T01:11:33.953",
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}
] |
66602
|
66605
|
66605
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66607",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between saying\n「最近毎日は何もをしなかったり、ただの寝るとからなるよ。」and「最近毎日は何もをしなくて、ただの寝るのよ。」\n\nI'm not sure if one doesn't work with that sentence, or if this works the same\nin negative form, but I've been seeing the past-tense + り combination quite a\nbit recently and just wanted to know which to use and when.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-15T18:34:13.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66603",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T02:26:32.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31202",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Difference between して and したり",
"view_count": 746
}
|
[
{
"body": "したり is commonly used when enumerating verbs that you do in no particular\norder. （例：僕の趣味は映画を見たり、本を読んだりすることです。）\n\nIt can also mean \"and the like\" depending on the context. If only one verb is\nmentioned, I usually interpret it as \"and the like.\" For example, even just\nthe first part of sentence below already gives an idea that the speaker hasn't\ndone anything productive and has been only slacking and sleeping a lot\nrecently . 「 **最近毎日は何もをしなかったり** 、ただの寝るとからなるよ。」\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T02:26:32.623",
"id": "66607",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T02:26:32.623",
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}
] |
66603
|
66607
|
66607
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Do any of you know which names these 2 kanji are in rōmaji?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V1K1M.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T09:26:43.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66611",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T09:58:13.587",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-16T09:58:13.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "33708",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"names"
],
"title": "How to read the names 勲 and 房子",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[
{
"body": "Names are always a tricky business, as for names the reading need not bear any\nrelation to the _kanji_ at all. Of course, usually there is some connection,\nbut the best one can do is to venture an educated guess.\n\nThe names you posted are quite possibly\n\n * 勲 いさお _Isao_\n * 房子 ふさこ _Fusako_\n\nbut you should try to confirm this, asking the person (or someone who knows\nthem).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T09:55:17.877",
"id": "66612",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T09:55:17.877",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "66611",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66611
| null |
66612
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66615",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across this sentence in my japanese practicing material (the point is I\ndidn't make up the sentence so I assume it's correct or at least commonly\nused)\n\n日本についてのアンケートを中国人100人に行った。\n\nand It doesn't make sense to me. What I guess the sentence means (out of the\nmeaning of the used vocabulary) is something like: \"according to a Japanese\nsurvey, the population of China has grown to 100 people\". However I would\nphrase it as something along those lines:\n\n日本のアンケートによると、中国人は100人に行った。\n\nI do not understand the gramatical structure of the sentence, nor I'm sure if\nI guessed the meaning correctly. How does を relate to the only verb appearing\nin the sentence (行く)?\n\nThis is the sentence as it appears in my exercise sheet (number 6) as a\nmultiple choice exercise. Note that there are other possible choices rather\nthan アンケート, but they make no sense to me at all:\n\n\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T11:18:13.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66613",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T18:31:23.510",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-16T18:31:23.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "30039",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-を",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "How does the particle を relate to the verb 行く in the structure「A を + B に行く」?",
"view_count": 1564
}
|
[
{
"body": "The verb is 行{おこな}う not 行く。 They both conjugate to 行った in the past tense so it\ncan look confusing, but as you have just experienced, the context can make it\nclear which one it is.\n\n> 日本についてのアンケートを中国人100人に **行{おこな}った** 。 \n> **Carried out/Conducted** a survey about Japan on 100 Chinese people.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T11:49:13.753",
"id": "66615",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T12:20:15.387",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-16T12:20:15.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "1761",
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "66613",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 19
},
{
"body": "The sentence:\n\n> 「日本についてのアンケートを中国人100人に行った。」\n\nmakes **_perfect_** sense.\n\nThe reason that it does not to you is that you are \"misreading\" 「行った」 as\n「いった」.\n\nThis verb is 「行{おこな}う」 meaning \"to perform\", \"to conduct\", etc.\n\n「アンケートを行{おこな}った」 is a perfectly natural phrase meaning \"conducted a\nsurvey/questionnair\".\n\n「中国人100人に」, of course, means the same thing as 「中国人100人に対して」.\n\nPutting everything together, we have:\n\n> \"We/They conducted a survey with 100 Chinese people on the subject of\n> Japan.\"\n\nFinally, your sentence 「日本のアンケートによると、中国人は100人に行った。」 makes no sense regardless\nof how you are reading the 「行った」, I am afraid.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T11:52:06.737",
"id": "66616",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T12:13:06.227",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-16T12:13:06.227",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "66613",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
}
] |
66613
|
66615
|
66615
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66617",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The original sentence is\n\n> NamesファイルのLast_name配列の１要素分をAttributesクラス **で表現します** 。\n\nNormally, 表現する is translated as \"express\" but since we don't say \" **express**\none element of the Last_name array **with** the Attributes class\" what else\ncould it mean?\n\nClasses are used to represent information, so I thought it might be\n\"represent\" but various permutations with that word have not yielded any\nresults either. Any ideas?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T11:26:11.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66614",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T12:05:48.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 表現する in an article about programming",
"view_count": 101
}
|
[
{
"body": "I see no reason not to use \"represent\".\n\n> NamesファイルのLast_name配列の１要素分をAttributesクラスで表現します。\n>\n> [We] represent one element of the `Last_names` array in the `Names` file\n> using the `Attributes` class.\n\nWhich can be rephrased to:\n\n> The `Attributes` class is used to represent one element of the `Last_names`\n> array in the `Names` file.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T12:05:48.293",
"id": "66617",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-16T12:05:48.293",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66614",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
66614
|
66617
|
66617
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The verb 落ち着く means 'to calm down', but neither constituent pertains to any\nsort of emotion. Was there originally a subject or object (e.g. _temper_\ncoming down)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T14:51:41.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66618",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T07:11:19.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the origin of 落ち着く?",
"view_count": 210
}
|
[
{
"body": "落ちる means \"to go down\" and 着く means \"to arrive\" or \"to settle\", and 落ち着く is a\nrather simple combination of the two verbs. Just like English \"settle\" has\nmultiple meanings, 落ち着く can mean \"to (psychologically) settle down\", \"to\nestablish in residence\", \"to become stable\", \"to establish a conclusion\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T07:11:19.787",
"id": "66629",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T07:11:19.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66618
| null |
66629
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Do the nominalizers \"no\" and \"koto\" have recessive accent (i.e. no downstep)\nor downstep after the first syllable? Or are they enclitic (i.e. unaccented\nunless following a word with no downstep in which case they accent the final\nsyllable, like だ)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T16:43:12.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66619",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-19T07:58:47.040",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33710",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"nominalization",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Pitch accent of nominalizers",
"view_count": 987
}
|
[
{
"body": "* **の** (not same pattern with _the postposition の_!)\n\n * after _accentless verbs and na-adjectives_ : downstep before the particle \n\n> なる{LH} \"make sound\" → なるの{LHL}\n>\n> かえる{LHH} \"change (t.)\" → かえるの{LHHL}\n>\n> みつめる{LHHH} \"stare at\" → みつめるの{LHHHL}\n>\n> せいかくだ{LHHHH} \"accurate\" → せいかくなの{LHHHHL}\n\n * after _accented verbs and na-adjectives_ : keeps the pitch \n\n> なる{HL} \"become\" → なるの{HLL}\n>\n> かえる{HLL} \"go home\" → かえるの{HLLL}\n>\n> につめる{LHHL} \"boil down (t.)\" → につめるの{LHHLL}\n>\n> ふせいかくだ{LHLLLL} \"inaccurate\" → ふせいかくなの{LHLLLLL}\n\n * after _i-adjectives_ : always downstep before い \n\n> あつい{LHH} \"thick\" → あついの{LHLL}\n>\n> あつい{LHL} \"hot\" → あついの{LHLL}\n\n * **こと**\n\n * after _accentless words_ : takes over the accent (final syllable) \n\n> なる{LH} → なること{LHHH} → なることが{LHHHL}\n>\n> かえる{LHH} → かえること{LHHHH} → かえることが{LHHHHL}\n>\n> みつめる{LHHH} → みつめること{LHHHHH} → みつめることが{LHHHHHL}\n>\n> あつい{LHH} → あついこと{LHHHH} → あついことが{LHHHHL}\n>\n> せいかくだ{LHHHH} → せいかくなこと{LHHHHHH} → せいかくなことが{LHHHHHHL}\n\n * after _accented words_ : keeps the pitch \n\n> なる{HL} → なること{HLLL}\n>\n> かえる{HLL} → かえること{HLLLL}\n>\n> につめる{LHHL} → につめること{LHHLLL}\n>\n> あつい{LHL} → あついこと{LHLLL}\n>\n> ふせいかくだ{LHLLLL} → ふせいかくなこと{LHLLLLLL}\n\nA verb or adjective whose last syllable is high is always accentless. The list\nof word accents is available from, for example,\n[here](http://accent.u-biq.org/english.html).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T14:00:02.433",
"id": "66638",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-19T07:58:47.040",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-19T07:58:47.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "14544",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "66619",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
66619
| null |
66638
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66622",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm trying to translate this car parking sign/garage and I'm stuck on the part\nfor **間時肆拾貳**\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1aa1z.jpg)\n\nGoogle just returns the translation \"In between\", so I still don't know what\nthey mean. Maybe it's like parking in between the lines?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T18:02:05.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66621",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T18:06:06.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33114",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 間時肆拾貳 at a car parking sign",
"view_count": 1309
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a tricky one because this sign is 1) written right-to-left, 2) using\nkanji for numbers, and 3) using **old** / **traditional** kanji for the\nnumbers.\n\nSo rearranging it left-to-right and using simplified kanji would give us\n\n> (top) [時間貸]{じ・かん・かし} → Hourly Rental / Pay by-the-hour \n> (right, red) [五十M先]{ご・じゅう・メートル・さき} [入口]{いり・ぐち} → Entrance (is) 50 meters\n> ahead \n> (example in question) [二十四時間]{に・じゅう・よ・じ・かん} → (Open) 24 Hrs. \n> (lower left, green) [空車]{くう・しゃ} → Vacancy / Empty spaces availabe\n\n \n\n * [Here is a reference to kanji used for numbers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_numerals#Formal_numbers).",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-16T18:21:43.317",
"id": "66622",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T18:06:06.337",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-17T18:06:06.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "66621",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "It means \"24 hours\".\n\nFirst of all, the pic is wrong side out. Second, it is Japanese not Chinese（I\nmean the language not the characters). Japanese use a lot traditional Chinese\ncharacters. Third, it is an ad for parking lot and cars.\n\nso, in the turns it was supposed to be:\n\n時間貸⇒For rent by hour (時間means hour in Japanese but time in Chinese)\n\n伍拾M先⇒50 meters ahead (this can be a very old ad,coz modern Japanese use 五十,伍拾\nis traditional Chinese even in mainland china people are not using it in daily\nlife, but in taiwan they still do)\n\n贰拾肆時間⇒24 hours(means for rent for 24h of course) (same as above, it can be\nvery old, i can ensure you many japanese people can not read this,they use\n二十四時間 now, but they used to use traditional ones before)\n\n空車⇒available car (usually used on taxi to let people know that that cab is\navailable)\n\n*Can not believe it my first answer is about this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T07:03:15.563",
"id": "66628",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T07:03:15.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33726",
"parent_id": "66621",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
66621
|
66622
|
66622
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do I handle a sentence in which I would normally have two が? For example,\n\n```\n\n 彼がその本を読んでる。\n 彼はその話題があまり分からん。\n \n```\n\nare normal sentences with slight distinction in meaning between が and は there,\nbut what if I want a typical subject to use with 分かる?\n\n```\n\n 彼がその話題が分からん\n \n```\n\nThis doesn't work with two が, but I swear I hear this phrase often as\n\n```\n\n 彼がその話題を分からん\n \n```\n\nMaybe I'm just mishearing, but is it possible to turn a second が into を for\ngrammatical fit? Or are there other ways to express a が subject with a が verb?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T00:51:13.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66624",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T10:38:26.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33717",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Justifying が into を",
"view_count": 180
}
|
[
{
"body": "The following four sentences are all valid.\n\n * 彼 **は** その話題 **が** 分からない。 \nHe does not know about the topic.\n\n * 彼 **は** その話題 **を** 分からない。 \nHe does not know about the topic.\n\n * 彼 **が** その話題 **が** 分からない。 \nIt is he who does not know about the topic.\n\n * 彼 **が** その話題 **を** 分からない。 \nIt is he who does not know about the topic.\n\nAs for the difference between 彼 **は** and 彼 **が** , the former is the normal\nparticle choice, as you probably know. If you use が here, it will carry an\nexhaustive-listing meaning. See: [What's the difference between wa (は) and ga\n(が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010)\n\nAs for the difference between その話題 **が** 分からない and その話題 **を** 分からない, they mean\nthe same thing, but the former is still considered more standard. Some\nexpressions including 好き, 分かる, ～(ら)れる and ～たい sometimes take を, but it's\ndifficult to make a clear distinction, and the level of acceptance varies from\nperson to person. See the following questions for details.\n\n * [Usage of ～を好き outside of embedded clauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26005/5010) (See Darius Jahandarie's answer)\n * [The difference between が and を with the potential form of a verb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/609/5010)\n * [Difference between \"ga\" vs \"wo\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52123/5010)\n * [Difference between particles wa, ga and o with sukidesu](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44409/5010)\n\nWhen exhaustive-listing が is involved, you can safely use two が's in one\nsentence, and just because there are two が's doesn't mean you have to replace\nthe second が with を.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T10:38:26.760",
"id": "66634",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-17T10:38:26.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "66624",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
66624
| null |
66634
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66632",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In an email about someone I introduced for a position at a company, one\nparticular sentence was as follows:\n\n○○様、残念ながら誰からも手が挙がらず、お見送りとさせてください。\n\nWhile I am familiar with the fact that 手が上がる has multiple meanings, I do not\nsee how any of them fits in this context. Can someone enlighten me?\n\nThank you in advance for your answers!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T07:38:08.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66630",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-18T11:47:25.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27524",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "Special meaning of 手が挙がる",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "I hate to disappoint you, but\n\n> 「誰からも手が挙がらず」\n\nmeans \" ** _no one agreed to hire [this individual]_** \"\n\nWhether or not those involved were asked to physically raise their hands if\nthey agreed to hire him/her is beside the point because 「手を挙げる」 already has an\nidiomatic meaning of \" **to say yes** \".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T07:55:48.037",
"id": "66632",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-18T11:47:25.043",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-18T11:47:25.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "14544",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "66630",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
66630
|
66632
|
66632
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68096",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've found several words in the book, which means `evening`. What's the\ndifference among them?\n\n_I've found only this information:_\n\n```\n\n 夕 - 5pm to 7pm\n 晩 - 7pm to 10pm\n 夜 - 10pm onwards (night, late evening)\n \n```\n\nBut not sure, is it true and what's the difference among `夕方` and `夕べ` and the\nothers?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T07:53:13.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66631",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T17:40:51.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference among evening words 夕方, 夕べ, 晩, 夕?",
"view_count": 5503
}
|
[
{
"body": "From a Japanese Dictionary:\n\n# 夕\n\n> 日が沈んで夜になろうとする時。夕暮れ。夕方。ゆうべ。「朝に夕に故郷を思う」\n> <https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%95-546992>\n\n夕 means the time when the sun sets. But, 夕 is not used in modern Japanese. It\nis only seen in classical texts.\n\n# 夕方\n\n> 日の暮れがた。日の沈むころ。 <https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%95%E6%96%B9-650419>\n\n夕方 also means sun setting time, but 夕方 is used in modern Japanese.\n\nNote that 夕方 has antonym: 明け方. 明け方 means sun rising time.\n\n# 晩\n\nThis word has many meanings:\n\n> 1. 夕暮れ。夕方。\n> 2. 夜。\n> 3. 晩飯。 <https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%99%A9-605993>\n>\n\n 1. says `晩 is 夕方`, but 2. says `晩 is night`. \n\nAnd so, 晩 (3. means 晩 is dinner) is used to express a wider span of time.\n\n# 夕べ\n\n> 1. 日の暮れるころ。夕方。「秋の夕べ」\n> 2. 何かの催し物が行われる夜。「音楽の夕べ」\n> 3. きのうの夜。さくや。昨晩。「夕べは飲み明かした」「夕べ地震があった」\n> <https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%95%E3%81%B9-651184>\n>\n\n 1. says `夕べ is 夕方`. 2. says `A night with some event`. 3. says `Last night`.\n\nI think 2. is the most common usage and 3. is not used very often because the\nother word `昨晩`'s pronunciation is the same. However, because 夕べ also means\n夕方, 昨晩 is preferred.\n\nNote that 昨晩 has two ways of reading it: `yube` (same as 夕べ) and `sakuban`.\n\n# Conclusion\n\n夕方 and 夕 are almost the same, but 夕 is used only in a literary style. 晩 means\na later time.",
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"body": "I am currently working on a certain game's translation. The dialogue goes like\nthis:\n\n> Sōsuke: それじゃあ、お互いに愛称で呼び合ってみようよ \n> Riho: 愛称、素晴らしいですね。では、どのような呼び方をいたしましょう \n> Sōsuke: えっと、俺のことはダーリンって呼んでみて \n> Riho: ……やはり破廉恥なことではありませんか \n> Sōsuke: お、お願いだよ……里穂に呼んでもらいたいんだ、いや、りほに \n> Riho: それが私の愛称ですか？では……ダーリン\n\nWhich I then translated as:\n\n> Sōsuke: Then, let's call each other by pet names! \n> Riho: Pet names? That's wonderful. Well then, what should I call you? \n> Sōsuke: Uh...call me 'Darling'. \n> Riho: ....Isn't that too shameful? \n> Sōsuke: P-Please...? I'd really like Riho to call me that...no, りほに \n> Riho: Is that my pet name? Well then...darling.\n\nI left the word to be translated as is. Should it be translated as \"Rihoni\"?\nIs that how nicknames work? Please feel free to correct my translation\nattempt. Thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-17T10:12:29.450",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "How do I translate this one?",
"view_count": 240
}
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"body": "No, りほに should be translated has Riho. Since Sousuke is repeating himself,\nreplacing her proper name by her pet name, and her name being inflected, に in\nりほに would be the particle. The change in orthography indicate a change in\nmeaning.",
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"body": "I think he corrected 里穂に to りほに. That is, りほ is her 愛称, and this に is a\nparticle like \"by\". It's hard to translate this into English...\n\n> I want you to call me darling, [Riho]{(里穂)}, I mean, [Riho]{(りほ)}.\n\nHiragana nicknames themselves are understandable because it [looks cute and\naffable](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19441/5010). The puzzling point\nis that she seems to have noticed her new nickname is \"in hiragana\" just by\nhearing it. Maybe they're somehow doing text-based communication, or maybe\nthis is a tricky [metafictional](https://www.novel-writing-\nhelp.com/metafiction.html) joke, or maybe the author of the game was simply\nlazy. You know the story, so I think you know what's happening better than us.",
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"body": "What's the difference between the two?\n\nAccording to some machine translation, it is:\n\n```\n\n いつ空いていますか\n When are you free\n \n いつ空きますか \n When will you be free\n \n```\n\nIs that as accurate?",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "'いつ空いていますか' vs 'いつ空きますか'",
"view_count": 277
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{
"body": "> Is that as accurate?\n\nIt actually is, roughly speaking.\n\nHere is the real difference in meaning and usage.\n\n> 「いつ空いていますか。」\n\nasks about when (what days of the week, what time, etc.) the other person\ntends to be (relatively) free. Thus, this question would generally be replied\nto with:\n\n・「火曜日と木曜日の午前中。」\n\n・「月水金の午後４時以降。」, etc.\n\n> 「いつ空きますか。」\n\nis quite different in that it can be asked **only when the other person is\noccupied** and you want to find out about around what time the other person\nwill have some free time for you. Therefore, this question would often be\nreplied to with:\n\n・「あと１時間くらいかなぁ。」\n\n・「３時頃なら時間あるわよ。」, etc.",
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"body": "In [a Linguistics SE\nquestion](https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/8432/pronunciation-\nin-languages-from-east-asia-of-words-that-are-japanese-loanwords-i) on\nloanwords from Japanese into Chinese, it was said that the Chinese import the\n_kanji_ and use their own reading thereof. So words in _kun'yomi_ are\nunrecognizable in speech. It got me thinking about _ateji_ : these must make\nmessy loanwords. But since the _on'yomi_ is close to the Chinese readings the\nChinese and Japanese versions may sound alike so long as the _on'yomi_ is\nused.\n\nSo, at long last, my question: are there _kun'yomi_ _ateji_?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-17T17:40:20.393",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"ateji"
],
"title": "Are there kun'yomi ateji?",
"view_count": 217
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[
{
"body": "Yes they exist. I'm assuming you don't mean things like 零{ゼロ} and things like\n生憎{あいにく} or 可惜{あたら}, in which the Kanji means something relevant to the word,\nbut the reading is unusual. Here are some examples I found on JMdict. I'm sure\nthere are more.\n\n> * 矢{や}っ張{ぱ}り\n> * 目出度い {めでたい}\n> * 藻掻く{もがく}\n>",
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"creation_date": "2019-04-17T18:49:29.880",
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"body": "Are they all of the form `[kanji]しい` or can they also be of the form\n`[kanji][kana]しい`? (`[kana]しい` can also probably be found in the case of\nuncommon _kanji_.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-17T18:14:02.013",
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"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"i-adjectives",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Structure of -しい adjectives",
"view_count": 518
}
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[
{
"body": "Your question as written is more about spelling.\n\nLooking more deeply at your intent, you could be asking whether ～しい adjectives\nare always derived from 体言 or uninflecting words, or whether they are also\nderived from 用言 or inflecting words.\n\n### ～しい adjectives derived from 用言\n\n * _kuwashii_ , probably ultimately from ancient verb 構【く】う \"to build up\"\n * _urayamashii_ , from verb 羨【うらや】む \"to envy, to be jealous of\"\n * _misuborashii_ , from either 身【み】 or 見【み】 + 窄【すぼ】る \"to be sunken in\"\n * _konomashii_ from verb 好【この】む \"to like, to prefer\"\n * _yamashii_ from verb 病【や】む \"to get sick\"\n * _hoshii_ appears to be from verb 欲【ほ】る \"to want, to desire\"\n\n### ～しい adjectives derived from 体言\n\nThere seem to be much fewer of these.\n\n * _otonashii_ from noun 大人【おとな】\n * _hisashii_ from noun 久【ひさ】\n * _hitoshii_ from number 一【ひと】\n * _nikunikushii_ from 憎【にく】憎【にく】, reduplication of the root _niku_ of verb 憎【にく】む, adjective 憎【にく】い\n * _zūzūshii_ apparently from ずぶずぶ \"dead drunkenly\" from ずぶ \"completely wet, completely soused\"\n\n* * *\n\nThe above is by no means intended to be an exhaustive list, but rather just a\nsampling to show the broad patterns. In rough summary, ～しい adjectives have\nhistorically been formed from just about any part of speech: from verbs,\nnouns, adverbs. Verb derivations appear to be the most common.",
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"body": "If you are asking the question from a purely orthographic aspect, the answer\nis written on the government's website.\n\nBelow are excerpts from the public notice issued in 1973 named\n[送り仮名の付け方](http://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/okurikana/index.html).\n(Underlining in the original text is converted to italic, because there is no\nway to represent it due to [SE's technical\nlimitation](https://meta.stackexchange.com/q/117016/313522).)\n\n* * *\n\n> **語幹が「し」で終わる形容詞は,「し」から送る。** \n> [ _(I-)adjectives\n> whose[語幹](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/76386/meaning/m2u/) ends in し have\n> okurigana from the し._] \n> 〔例〕 著 _しい_ 惜 _しい_ 悔 _しい_ 恋 _しい_ 珍 _しい_\n\n* * *\n\n> **本則** \n> 活用語尾以外の部分に他の語を含む語は,含まれている語の送り仮名の付け方によって送る。（含まれている語を〔 〕の中に示す。） \n> [ _Words that contain other words in their\n> non-[活用語尾](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/42994/meaning/m0u/) portion\n> follows the contained word on where to start okurigana._] \n> [...] _勇ま_ しい〔勇む〕 _輝か_ しい〔輝く〕 _喜ば_ しい〔喜ぶ〕 \n> [...] _頼も_ しい〔頼む〕 \n> [...] _恐ろ_ しい〔恐れる〕 \n> [...] _憎_ らしい〔憎い〕 _古_ めかしい〔古い〕 \n> [...] _男_ らしい〔男)[sic]\n\n* * *\n\n> **（注意）** \n> 次の語は,それぞれ〔 〕の中に示す語を含むものとは考えず,通則1によるものとする。 \n> [ _The following words are not deemed to contain each word in parentheses,\n> and follows 通則1 (note: the first excerpt)._ ] \n> 明るい〔明ける〕 荒い〔荒れる〕 悔しい〔悔いる〕 恋しい〔恋う〕\n\n* * *\n\n> **本則** \n> 複合の語（通則7を適用する語を除く。）の送り仮名は,その複合の語を書き表す漢字の,それぞれの音訓を用いた単独の語の送り仮名の付け方による。 \n> [ _Okurigana of compounds follows (the result of) respective okurigana\n> rules applied to each single constituent's kanji reading._ ] \n> [...] 聞 _き_ 苦 _しい_ [...] 待 _ち_ 遠 _しい_ 軽々 _しい_ 若々 _しい_ 女々 _しい_\n\n* * *\n\n> **許容** \n> 読み間違えるおそれのない場合は,次の( )の中に示すように,送り仮名を省くことができる。 \n> [ _Okurigana can be omitted when no confusion is expected, as shown in\n> parentheses._ ] \n> [...] 聞 _き_ 苦しい（聞苦しい） 待 _ち_ 遠しい（待遠しい）\n\n* * *\n\nI don't think I have been formally taught about these rules, but hardly see\nmodern writing deviates from them anyway. Of course, the guideline assumes you\nhave the understanding of Japanese vocabulary as a native speaker, but that\nshould be made up for by trying dictionary.\n\nOne point is that a word that has etymological stem which is no longer valid\nin the modern language is generally not counted as rationale to push back the\nstart point of okurigana. Same if the adjective have got its own kanji.\n\n> 慌【あわ】ただしい (contains 慌てる) \n> 甚【はなは】だしい (contains 甚だ) \n> 夥【おびただ】しい (contains no living word)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "When I look up the Japanese definition (at dictionary.goo.ne.jp) of the word\n好き嫌い, this is the definition that gets shown: 好きなことと、嫌いなこと。また、えりごのみ。\n\nI can't figure out if 好きなことと、嫌いなこと。is a separate definition than また、えりごのみ。or\nif they make up the definition together?\n\nI see the usage of また like this in a lot of Japanese definitions and I suspect\nthat it makes up the definition with the sentence that came before it. However\nI can't figure out what また would mean in that case.\n\nThus my questions are:\n\nAre those two sentences two seperate definitions or are they one definition?\n\nAnd what does また mean if it is used in this way?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"words",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "また usage in a dictionary",
"view_count": 773
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[
{
"body": "It means or/also. It's commonly seen in Japanese dictionaries in the form of\nまた、そのさま。when talking about suru-verbs (among other things) to describe both\nthe action (verb) and the state (noun).\n\nYou see similar things in English dictionaries too. The following definition\nfor [evil](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/evil) is an\nexample.\n\n> the condition of being immoral, cruel, or bad, **or** an act of this type",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-17T19:29:55.293",
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"body": "So I know that **すぎる** means too much, like **昨日お酒を飲みすぎた** , etc.\n\nbut when it comes to something like:\n\n> **何々をすることができなさすぎる**\n\nDoes it mean:\n\n1 - I can't do \"this\" at all.\n\nor\n\n2 - I can't do \"this\" too much.\n\nSo if I say:\n\n> **納豆を食べることができなさすぎる/食べられなさすぎる。**\n\nDo I mean I can't eat natto at all, or do I mean I can eat it just a little,\nbut can't eat it too much?\n\nAnd if \"1\" is the right answer, how different is it from things like\n**全然できない/全くできない?**",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-17T21:43:59.093",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "What does できなさすぎる mean?",
"view_count": 1571
}
|
[
{
"body": "納豆を食べることができなさすぎる/食べられなさすぎる means \"I can't eat natto at all\" or \"I am so\nterribly bad at natto\", but it's a humorous slangy expression rather than a\nstandard sentence. It's fine as the catchy title of a blog post or a light\nnovel, but we should be using 全く/全然できない most of the time.\n\nIn general, ～すぎる is occasionally used as a humorous intensifier these days. It\ncan be _positive_.\n\n> * お前のことが好きすぎる\n> * 美しすぎるアスリート10名\n> * これは便利すぎる！ Amazonで見つけた調理器具\n> * 天使過ぎるアイドル ([Kanna\n> Hashimoto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanna_Hashimoto)'s catchphrase;\n> maybe this is the cause of the recent popularity of ～すぎる?)\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-18T03:25:37.787",
"id": "66651",
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"body": "A little grammatical supplement...\n\nIf you want to have partial negation, that compared to English \"not ... too\nmuch\", you should use ～すぎない. It works like \"no too much ...ing\".\n\nOn the other hand, ～なさすぎる is just like saying \"too much of not ...ing\", that\nis, excessiveness of \"not doing\". As you can see, it sometimes could invoke\nsome funny visualization that you're trying to negate something whose\nexistence is already down to zero, and the rest goes to @naturo's answer...",
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"body": "I was practising a grammar pattern, so in my personal example I wrote:\n\n```\n\n 多いオーストラリア人\n \n```\n\nHowever, a native speaker corrected me with:\n\n```\n\n 多くのオーストラリア人\n \n```\n\nI understand that in relative clauses that adjectives go before the noun (e.g.\nおいしい牛乳). How come they corrected me like this? How does this work? Or did I\nlearn relative clauses wrong?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T02:09:28.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66648",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33081",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives",
"relative-clauses",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Relative clauses: 多い人 vs 多くの人",
"view_count": 319
}
|
[
{
"body": "多い is just a special case word, where, on its own modifying a noun, it takes\nthe form 多くの. However, it can take the 多い form attributively as part of a\nlonger relative clause such as オーストラリア人の多い場所 'a place where there are many\nAustralians'.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-18T03:05:14.420",
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"body": "I am confused with the use of できていません in sentence :\n\n> 明日の宿題のレポートがまだ１枚もできていません\n\nWhen I checked the dictionary it shows that できる means CAN(DO)/ BE ABLE TO\nwhile ている is for present progressive so I translate it as:\n\n> I cannot do/am not doing tomorrow's homework/report yet.\n\nHowever when I checked google translate it gives me:\n\n> I have not yet made one report for tomorrow's homework.\n\nQuestions: \n1. Where did Google get _made_? \n2. What is the correct translation? \n3. Can we replace できる with おわる? \n\nThank you,\n\nSheena",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T05:31:42.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66652",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-18T05:44:49.623",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "31488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"verbs",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Correct translation of sentence with できていません",
"view_count": 66
}
|
[] |
66652
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been staring at this part of a section I'm trying to read, and it's the\nlatter part that has me thoroughly stumped:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mLZkP.png)\n\nWhile I can suss out the first two characters (pretty sure it's \"倒壊\"), I can't\nfigure out what is going on after that. It _looks_ like two more kanji, but\nthat just gives me something like \"寸先\" which, as far as I know, doesn't make\nmuch sense given the \"な\" at the end, and a person's name afterward. That gives\nme three characters that don't fit with each other.\n\nI think I need to get a different brain and pair of eyes to take a look, and\ngive mine a break...\n\n**Edit:** for context's sake, there is a loud, ringing noise (with \"されて\"\ntacked on to the onomatopoeia) going on that is affecting the person, and in\nthat sentence \"理性\" comes right before \"倒壊\", so...perhaps the noise is so loud\nthat it's making the person feel like they're losing their mind?\n\nAfter that, the point of view moves to someone else's perspective, so it's\njust this sentence describing a loud, ringing noise, and how it must be\naffecting this person.\n\nHopefully that helps.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T06:49:16.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66655",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-20T03:38:13.987",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-19T03:39:00.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "33743",
"owner_user_id": "33743",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Having Trouble Identifying This Character (or Characters?)",
"view_count": 179
}
|
[
{
"body": "As @naruto pointed out, this is certainly a misspelling. However given the\nefforts and context OP has provided, I think an answer before closing won't\nhurt.\n\nNow, the context is 理性[text in question] [person's name].\n\nLooking at the picture, \"倒壊寸先な\" is the only possible transcription. This is\nalmost certainly a misspelling of \"倒壊寸前な\". (which, as I explain later, would\nprobably fit better if it were \"崩壊寸前な\"). 寸前の is actually more common, see [the\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/48585/is-there-a-\ndifference-between-%e6%9c%80%e9%ab%98%e3%81%ae-\nand-%e6%9c%80%e9%ab%98%e3%81%aa) @naruto linked to.\n\nI can't provide any source but this kind of misspelling (in handwriting) is\nnot uncommon. '先' and '前' shares somewhat similar meaning and the on-reading\nis similar (sen vs zen), which makes them mixed up in the brain.\n\nAs for the meaning, I think you are guessing right. The noise is so loud, that\nthe person is almost losing their mind. 倒壊 _to collapse_ is more often used\nfor buildings and others, while 崩壊 is probably much more commonly seen with\n理性.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-20T03:38:13.987",
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"body": "I'm not sure whether to read 六道 _rikudou_ or _rokudou_.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T10:26:16.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66659",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-31T07:06:25.607",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-18T11:48:46.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "33746",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "六道 is it rikudou or rokudou",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to Wikipedia, it can be read either way.\n\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%81%93>\n\n「ロク」 is the Wu-reading（呉音） and「リク」, the Han-reading （漢音）.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T11:01:37.310",
"id": "66660",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66671",
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"body": "I've found 3 words with the definition of the night/midnight.\n\nBut some difficulties appeared. This is the answer have found:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m5zlN.png)\n\n 1. Is 夜中 or 真夜中 is more correct for exactly midnight? At about 00:00. Because my Student's book consider both as a midnight.\n 2. If 夜中 is a dark time (from ~20:00 to 4:00), what's the difference between 夜 and 夜中 then?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T11:40:08.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66662",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What's the difference among 夜中, 真夜中 and 夜?",
"view_count": 1227
}
|
[
{
"body": "Broadly speaking:\n\n * 夜【よる】 = \"evening (generally after dark), night\"\n * 夜【よ】中【なか】 = \"nighttime\"\n * 真【ま】夜【よ】中【なか】 = \"middle of the night\"\n\nIf you want to be super specific about \"midnight\" as in \"12:00 AM\", you may\nwell say 「夜の12時」.\n\nFor good measure, there are also these terms related to \"night\":\n\n * 夜【よ】更【ふ】け = \"late at night\"\n * 深【しん】夜【や】 = \"late at night\"\n * 深【しん】更【こう】 = \"late at night\" (less commonly used)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-18T17:04:01.820",
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66662
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66671
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66671
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{
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"body": "I found the following sentences containing \"形容詞語幹＋い＋ったって\" in dictionaries\n\n> 「大きいったって、それほどじゃないよ」（小学館）\n>\n> 「行きたいったって､先立つものがないとね」（明鏡国語辞典）\n\nand also the definition of \"たって\" written in 大辞林,\n\"活用語の終止形に付き,｢…といっても｣｢…としても｣の意で,強い逆接を表す｡この場合,｢ったって｣の形になるのが一般である｡\"\n\nIn the next sentence, I thought ったって can be replaced by としても and therefore\nsounds natural, however, I was told by a Japanese that it doesn't.\n\n> 「今気づかれていないったって、毎日真面目に努力すればいつか報われると信じています。」\n\nWhile this sentence is totally fine to say\n\n> 「今気づかれていなくたって、毎日真面目に努力すればいつか報われると信じています。」\n\nTherefore, I would like to ask when to use \"形容詞語幹＋い＋ったって\" and when to use\n\"形容詞語幹＋く＋たって.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T12:02:26.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66663",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-19T01:40:58.010",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "When to use \"イ形容詞\" plus \"ったって\"",
"view_count": 265
}
|
[
{
"body": "So according to\n[大辞林](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6), we should\nuse 連用形 (ends with く for i-adjectives) when we mean「たとえ…ても」 and 終止形 (ends with\nい for i-adjectives) when we mean「…といっても」or「…としても」.\n\n> ① 動詞・形容詞の連用形に付き、「たとえ…ても」の意を表す。\n>\n> ② 活用語の終止形に付き、「…といっても」「…としても」の意で、強い逆接を表す。この場合、「ったって」の形になるのが一般である。\n\nBoth of the examples you listed are in the sense of「…といっても」(even though one\nmight say). But I think your example, you are trying to say something like\n\n> \"Even though I don't notice it now, I believe that if I work hard every day\n> I will be rewarded one day.\"\n\nYou aren't talking about saying if you 気づかれていない or not. 気づかれていない is something\nthat has already happened. So we can't use it in sense of 「…といっても」. We need to\ncompare 「たとえ…ても」and「…としても」.\n\nTo put it simply,「…としても」is used for purely hypothetical future situations and\n「たとえ…ても」can be used to indicate something that already happened. Here's an\nexample:\n\n> せっかく英語を学んでも、使う機会がない (Even though I have learned English, I have no chances\n> to use it.)\n\nThe important thing is that the 学ぶ has already happened just like the 気づかれていない\nin your example. That's why the form that means 「たとえ…ても」 is correct, which\nmeans we need to use the 連用形 form of the adjective.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T15:54:13.823",
"id": "66669",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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},
{
"body": "This ったって is basically a contracted form of と言ったって (see [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30696/5010), too). So think of\nit as \"even though someone says/thinks/tries ～\" rather than simple \"even\nthough ～\". A phrase that comes before ったって must be either of the following:\n\n 1. a topic which has been already brought up in the conversation / a phrase actually said by someone\n\n> * 眠いったって、昨日9時間も寝てたじゃないか。 \n> although you're saying you're sleepy, ...\n> * 明日手術を受けます。手術ったって、10分くらいで終わる簡単なものですよ。 \n> although I said 'surgery', ...\n\n 2. someone's (or your own) will/request/desire/etc.\n\n> *\n> 俺をだまそうったって、[そうは問屋が卸さない](https://jisho.org/sentences/51868013d5dda7e98101ec78)。 \n> although you're trying to deceive me, ...\n> * 3日の勉強で試験に合格しろったって、無理なものは無理ですよ。 \n> although you're telling me to pass the exam ...\n> * この大雪では、助けに行くったって行ける訳がない。 \n> cannot rescue [him] even if you/I want to\n\nIn your example, 今気づかれていない (\"my effort is unnoticed now\") is not something\nsomeone said, and it's not related to someone's will. So ったって doesn't fit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-19T01:40:58.010",
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}
] |
66663
| null |
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{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Could someone explain to me why with kanji like 生 after the top horizontal\nstroke I have to go on with the vertical one, while instead with kanji like 金\nI have to draw the two horizontal strokes and then the vertical one? Is there\na simple rule to be applied?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T12:03:10.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66664",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-16T18:06:30.940",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "33749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"stroke-order"
],
"title": "Correct order of horizontal and vertical strokes",
"view_count": 594
}
|
[
{
"body": "The primary reason the stroke orders are what they are is that in Japanese,\nlots of characters are optimised for writing efficiency and/or _cursive_\nscript. While they seem illogical at first, if you follow these stroke orders,\nyou will eventually start writing more efficiently with less tired hands for\nlonger pieces of writing (while simultaneously maintaining legibility).\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bmoiv.png)\n>\n> This is「生」written in **one or two** strokes, which can only be achieved if\n> you follow the hand motions of the Japanese stroke order.\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/F5GFi.png)\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uN9F0.png)\n>\n> This is「金」written in **three or four** strokes. Again, it follows the hand\n> motions of the stroke order that you're taught.\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/spx9C.png)\n>\n> * * *\n>\n> 「全」is no exception!\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3Ktrk.png)\n>\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HwlpK.png)\n\nThe secondary reason is that if you don't follow these stroke orders, you risk\ngetting marked wrong in your tests.\n\n* * *\n\n_All images from cidianwang.com and jisho.org._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-19T00:14:24.160",
"id": "66675",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-19T00:14:24.160",
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"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "66664",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "This site here may help: <https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/kanji-stroke-order/>\n\nSummary: Kanji Stroke orders are:\n\n 1. start left-to-right, top-to-bottom; \n 2. then horizontal lines coming before vertical lines; \n 3. then symmetrical lines on either side of a vertical line; \n 4. then symmetrical strokes not on a line; \n 5. then inside-to-outside (unless it's a box kanji, then box it in before writing the rest); \n 6. then right-to-left diagonals; \n 7. then line that cross a lot of other lines; \n 8. then dashes at the end unless the dash is the top-left line, in which case it comes first. \n\nKnowing these stroke orders can help you write faster for longer. The only\nother place I can think this is useful in is school if they make you write\nthem step-by-step.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-20T01:56:57.270",
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66664
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{
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"body": "I am making a jewelry box for a cousin who enjoys Japanese language and\nculture and would like to write \"wonderful cousin\" on the lid.\n\n 1. Is Subarashī Itoko — すばらしい いとこ — be the best translation?\n\n 2. Would hiragana the best way to write this, or should I be using some kanji? I would prefer to use hiragana as I don't believe she is as familiar with Kanji but can read hiragana reasonably well.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T12:30:14.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66665",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-19T19:08:33.993",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-19T19:08:33.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "33751",
"owner_user_id": "33751",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Best Way To Write \"Wonderful Cousin\" — Subarashī Itoko?",
"view_count": 177
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think this would work, but there are several issues here.\n\n「すばらしい」 is literally \"wonderful\", but it feels a bit too\ndistant/impersonal/flaky to me. There are other words that would semantically\nsatisfy, but I'm not sure how acceptable/correct they are to use when\nconveying your feelings directly to someone.\n\n * [素敵]{す・てき}な～\n * [愛]{まな}～\n * [愛]{め}でたし～\n * [愛]{いと}(お)しい～\n * [親愛]{しん・あい}な(る)～\n\nAlso,「 いとこ」 has several kanji depending on the age and sex of the cousin.\nSince you mentioned your cousin is female, you could use:\n\n * 従姉妹 (general female cousin)\n * 従姉 (older female cousin)\n * 従妹 (younger female cousin)\n\nLastly, while it's acceptable in (American) English to address someone close\nto you by their actual relation (\"Hey there, cousin/brother/sister/friend!\",\netc.), I don't know if this is done in Japan. My gut says that that they do\nnot, and would instead just use their name, or nothing at all.\n\nSo I guess this is more of an objective answer, but this question itself may\nbe too opinion-based as it is.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T16:01:10.290",
"id": "66670",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
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}
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66665
| null |
66670
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> １．行く **の** でしょうか \n> ２．行きますでしょうか\n\nWhy is の needed between 行く and でしょうか in the first question, but there is no\nparticle between 行きます and でしょうか in the second question?\n\nContext: both questions come from the [this\nvideo](https://youtu.be/_oMtifQpT4Q?list=PLOcym2c7xnBwU12Flkm5RcLIEhvURQ8TB&t=780)\naimed at Japanese learners (see minute 13:00).",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T14:57:04.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66668",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-24T22:59:03.200",
"last_edit_date": "2022-04-20T02:41:42.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "33753",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is の needed in 行くのでしょうか but it is not needed in 行きますでしょうか?",
"view_count": 520
}
|
[
{
"body": "First\n\n * 行くのでしょうか\n * 行くでしょうか\n\nare both possible but 行く **ん** でしょうか would be more common in most contexts.\n\nSecond,\n\n * 行きますでしょうか\n\nis acceptable in speech but technically wrong as pointed out by @Nameless,\nwhich can be felt more strongly in the plain form\n\n * 行きますです\n\nThird,\n\n * 行きます **の** でしょうか\n\nis acceptable to me, but slightly odd. Since 行きますでしょうか is already irregular,\nthere may be not much logic for this, but one thing could be that this の is a\nnominalizer, which is not usually used after ます.\n\n* * *\n\nGrammar related to this の.\n\n * ん in んです is [格助詞「の」の音変化](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%82%93/#jn-239154)\n * The only [格助詞 definition of の](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AE/#jn-171157) which can follow conjugatable words is 準体助詞 (5-2 in the link).\n\nAnother thing is\n\n * です follows directly a conjugatable word only in 未然形 (so 行くです is wrong, 行くでしょうか is fine). ([補説 here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99/#jn-151501))",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-04-23T08:50:37.747",
"id": "94240",
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66668
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94240
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66673",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Learning the time of day I found that 朝 or あさ means morning, 昼 or ひる means\nafternoon, and 晚 I expected to be night but Google translate is saying it's\nmoth for some reason. Does this 晚 only mean night when paired with certain\ncharacters?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T17:42:33.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66672",
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"owner_user_id": "32971",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"time"
],
"title": "Morning, Afternoon, Night Kanji",
"view_count": 4692
}
|
[
{
"body": "Google Translate, and indeed just about any machine translation engine, is\nstill often shit for the Japanese ↔ English language pair. **Do not** rely on\nGoogle Translate to learn another language, especially when looking at a\nsingle word.\n\nHere are some time-of-day terms:\n\n * 朝【あさ】 = \"morning\"\n * 昼【ひる】 = \"day, afternoon\"\n * 晩【ばん】 = \"evening\"\n * 夜【よる】 = \"late evening, night\"\n\nSee also this recent post: [What's the difference among 夜中, 真夜中 and\n夜?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/66662)\n\n**PS:** For what it's worth, the actual word for \"moth\" is 蛾【が】. I recommend\nthat you use any of various online dictionaries when exploring a single word.\nHere are some freebies:\n\n * [Weblio Japanese ↔ English](https://ejje.weblio.jp/)\n * [Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/) (geared for native Japanese readers, but still offering some Japanese ↔ English content)\n * [Jisho.org](https://jisho.org/) (sometimes a bit dodgy, make sure to cross-check)\n * [Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/) (full disclosure: I've helped edit a lot of the Japanese entries)\n\n### Digression, and example of the perils of machine translation\n\nThe original post included the kanji 晚, technically [Unicode codepoint\n665A](http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=665A).\n\n\n\nThe above is the 旧【きゅう】字【じ】体【たい】 or \"old form\" of the 新【しん】字【じ】体【たい】 or \"new\nform\" kanji 晩, technically [Unicode codepoint\n6669](http://www.unicode.org/cgi-bin/GetUnihanData.pl?codepoint=6669).\n\n\n\n[Google Translate (mostly) correctly translates the _shinjitai_ kanji as\n\"night\"](https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=ja&tl=en&text=%E6%99%A9).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MnKOm.png)\n\nHowever, even though the _kyūjitai_ character **has the same meaning** ,\n[Google mistranslates this as \"moth\" if the source language is set to\nJapanese](https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=ja&tl=en&text=%E6%99%9A).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/p9NE2.png)\n\nWhen auto-detected, Google [on my machine, anyway] [identifies this as Chinese\nand translates it as\n\"late\"](https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=auto&tl=en&text=%E6%99%9A).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5brVa.png)\n\nTruly, _[caveat](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caveo#Verb)\n[usuarius](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/usuarius#Noun)_.",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-18T18:14:27.897",
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66672
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66673
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66678",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this sentence in _Nihongo Sō-Matome_ :\n\n> A: また太っちゃった。。 \n> B: あまいものばかり食べているからだよ。\n\nBased on my understanding:\n\n> A: (you're) fat again... \n> B: I only eat nothing but sweets.\n\nI do not know why からだよ is there.\n\nShould the translation be: _body eats nothing but sweets_? Is it ok to remove\nからだ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-19T08:37:00.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": "31488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Importance of からだ in this sentence",
"view_count": 459
}
|
[
{
"body": "First off, I think you got the actors the wrong way round.\n\n> A また太っちゃった。 \n> **I** ended up getting fat again. \n> B あまいものばかり食べているからだよ。 \n> **That's because you** eat nothing but sweets.\n\nCan you remove からだ? Grammatically you can, but it wouldn't sound natural in\nthe same way that this English exchange would sound slightly awkward:\n\n> A) I ended up getting fat again. \n> B) You eat nothing but sweets.\n\nB's reply doesn't feel like part of the conversation does it? It just sounds\nlike a random statement of fact.\n\nEdit: I've just realised your problem. You thought からだ was 体 meaning body. But\nit isn't. It is から meaning 'because' plus the copula だ.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-19T08:45:29.667",
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66677
|
66678
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66678
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66681",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is the sentential question I found in Sou Matome :\n\n> 母親「さあ、もうねなさい。」\n>\n> こども「この_ _ * _ ちょっとまって。」\n>\n> A. おわる、B. もう、C. ゲームが、D.まで\n\nI answered:\n\n> ゲームが **もう** 終わるまでちょっとまって。\n\nbut the answer is :\n\n> ゲームが終わるまで **もう** ちょっとまって\n\nWhy is もう placed before ちょっと and not おわる? I thought since もう is an adverb then\nthe safest place is before a verb? Is there a rule where もう should be placed?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-19T10:30:26.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66679",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-20T02:52:47.333",
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"owner_user_id": "31488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"word-usage",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "Sentence order: Where to put もう",
"view_count": 344
}
|
[
{
"body": "First the typo: 終わ **り** まで -> 終わ **る** まで.\n\nNext you should really consider the meaning of the sentence you are trying to\nconstruct as well as the grammar. What do you think もう would mean if the\nsentence was ゲームがもう終わるまで...? Until the game finishes more?/now?/soon?/already?\nNone of these make much sense to me.\n\nThere is another verb in the sentence, and there is another adverb, and it's\nimportant to remember that adverbs can modify other adverbs as well as nouns.\nWe have まって meaning 'wait'. This is modified by the adverb ちょっと to give\nちょっとまって \"Wait a bit\". We can then modify all of this with the adverb もう to\ngive もうちょっとまって \"wait a bit more/longer\".\n\nAltogether we have:\n\n> このゲームが終わるまでもうちょっとまって。 \n> Wait a bit longer until this game finishes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-19T12:06:31.417",
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] |
66679
|
66681
|
66681
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a book called 日本の伝統色 and I'm confused if 色 should be pronounced as いろ\nor しょく.\n\nSomeone said to me that the correct way to say it is いろ to avoid confusion\nwith 食, but [Wikipedia\n](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E4%BC%9D%E7%B5%B1%E8%89%B2)\nsays it is しょく。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-19T12:44:51.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66682",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-19T14:55:07.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "28060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "How to pronounce 伝統色",
"view_count": 394
}
|
[
{
"body": "「伝統色」 is read 「でんとうしょく」, period. It is not natural to read it 「でんとういろ」 because\nthat is a combination of on-reading and kun-reading.\n\nI have no idea who this \"someone\" is, but I just cannot think of a\nsituation/context where the reading 「でんとうしょく」 could confuse a native speaker\nregarding its meaning.\n\n(Note, however, that I am not saying all this because that is what Wiki says.\nIt is just that my Japanese ears won't take the unnatural reading of 「でんとういろ」\nat all.)\n\nIf you want to read 「色」 as 「いろ」, the phrase needs to be changed to:\n\n・「日本の伝統 **の** 色」\n\n・「日本伝統 **の** 色」, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-19T14:17:16.843",
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66682
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66683
|
{
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"body": "> トイレに行っている **あいだ** に電車が行って **しまった** 。\n\nThe choices were either あいだ or ところ but the answer is あいだ.\n\nGoogle translate it :\n\n> The train went while I was in the bathroom.\n\nI thought it meant :\n\n> I was about to go in the bathroom but the train (was about to) go.\n\n**my questions:**\n\n1. Why not use ところ instead of あいだ? Why should it be あいだ?\n\n2. Is しまった just an expression? Oops? \n\n3. What is the correct translation?\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T01:11:32.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66684",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-20T01:38:33.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "31488",
"owner_user_id": "31488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"expressions",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "あいだ, ところ、しまった in a sentence",
"view_count": 374
}
|
[
{
"body": "A ている + ところ means \"while doing A\". This meaning is similar to the usage of\nVerb A + あいだ （間）to indicate \"while\". However, while the former is usually used\n_at the end_ of a sentence\n\n> 本を読ん **でいるところ** です。\n\nthe latter can be used _to connect_ two _clauses_ with the particle に:\n\n> トイレに行っている **あいだに** 電車が行ってしまった。\n\nThat is the reason why the correct answer is あいだ in spite of having a similar\nmeaning.\n\nAs for the nuance of \"about to\", it requires the verb before ところ to be in its\ndictionary form rather than the ている form, therefore the translation should be\n\"I was going into the bathroom... \", rather than \"I was about to go in the\nbathroom...\".\n\nThe しまった or しまいました is attached to the end of a verb sentence in て form in\norder to convey a feeling of regret because the outcome of the verb is not\npleasant or desired. In this case, the speaker regrets that the train went\naway, probably because he or she wanted to get on the train but couldn't.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-24T05:56:05.253",
"id": "67783",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-24T10:01:05.203",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-24T10:01:05.203",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "1. I think ところ focuses on a point time. On the other hand, あいだ focuses on a period of time. So, トイレに行っているあいだに電車が行ってしまった would be more natural because it implies \"While I was going to the toilet.\"\n\n 2. As Setris said in the comment field, V+てしまう means \"An action has been done, and it is not returning to a former state. They express their regret about this.\" \n\n 3. My attempt is \"The train had left while I was going to the toilet.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-21T11:00:11.313",
"id": "71982",
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66684
| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66691",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to translate basic combat to Japanese, but find myself struggling\nas to which form of \"x of this\" to use. I am currently trying to figure out\nhow to say \"single,\" as in \"single punch,\" with the following ones:\n\n> 単(たん）-OR- 一重(ひとえ）-OR- 単一(たんいつ）\n\nWhat is the rule of choosing between the (kunyomi number) + 重 and other forms?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T01:43:50.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66685",
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"owner_user_id": "33768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Different ways of saying \"single\"?",
"view_count": 111
}
|
[
{
"body": "Well, if you specifically mean a single punch you can say パンチ1発 or 1発のパンチ or\nalternatively ワンパン. There's a manga series called ワンパンマン, which plays on this\nidea to have a one punch KO. If you want to talk about say 2 punches you could\nsay パンチ2発 or 2発のパンチ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T03:41:10.117",
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66685
|
66691
|
66691
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66741",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm translating the following line of dialogue spoken by Character A to\nCharacter B.\n\n「怖がらなくてもいいわ。もう襲ったりしないから」\n\nThe translations I made are the following:\n\n> \"There’s no need to be afraid. Because I will no longer be attacking you\n> anymore.”\n>\n> \"There’s no need to be afraid. Because I will be no longer attacking you\n> anymore.”\n\nThis became a issue on the [English stack\nexchange](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/494308/what-are-the-\nnaunces-of-the-placement-of-be-in-the-following-two-sentences), when I tried\nasking for some help with the placement of the word 'be', as shown in the\nabove link.\n\nA commenter over there suggested \"Because I will not be attacking you\nanymore.\" which sounds stilted for the character's dialogue.\n\nI need some possible English translations that will work for the translation\nof しない (to do nai form I.E. \"will no longer/will not be\" in the above\ntranslations), that are not stilted or flow similar to Japanese.\n\nMy reason for requesting a translation that will flow similar to Japanese is\nthat this story is similar to Star Wars as far as languages go. Its similar in\nthat the in-story language being spoken by the characters is currently\nJapanese, but as a translator, I need to convey this using the vernacular of\nthe English language.\n\nTDLR: What is a good English replacement for \"will no longer/will not be\" that\nis natural in English and flows similar to Japanese?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T02:51:17.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66688",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-22T16:49:02.027",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How do I make my translation less stilted or flow similar to the original Japanese?",
"view_count": 171
}
|
[
{
"body": "This thread may well be closed, as the question does indeed seem to be more\nabout the English than the Japanese. That said, here's my take:\n\nWhen translating, it's often more important to focus on the meaning and\nintent, and to convey that in a natural fashion. For example, Japanese often\nstructures things as `ABC。XYZ から` → `Thing ABC. Reason XYZ.` English often\nrelates similar content with either the reverse order, or by putting the two\nsentences together. As examples: _\"I'm done attacking you, so you don't need\nto be afraid anymore.\"_ Or, _\"No need to be afraid, I'm done attacking you.\"_\nEtc.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-22T16:49:02.027",
"id": "66741",
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] |
66688
|
66741
|
66741
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> すみません、 **おそくなって** 。ずいぶんまちましたか。\n\nI thought the meaning was :\n\n> Sorry **I am running late**. Did you wait long?\n\nBut when I googled it, the おそくなって means **\"I'm late.\"** Is this one of the\nusual phrases used in Japan like おなかがいっぱい or のどがかわいた? Because I could not\nunderstand why it is I'm late rather than I'm running late considering て form\nof なる is used unless て here is used to link sentences which I doubt because\nthere is a 。before ずいぶん.\n\nSo why is it なって? Why not なった? Do we always need to check the next sentence\n(because that one is in past tense)? Is て form used to link sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T04:22:50.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66692",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-20T14:46:44.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "31488",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Tense of なる when used with おそい",
"view_count": 168
}
|
[
{
"body": "Most important point: Do not rely on Google Translate. It is no good at\nJapanese.\n\nThere is no information about tense in おそくなって。This is an incomplete sentence.\nBut you can know the tense even without the next sentence by context. If\nsomeone calls you **before** you are due to meet they wouldn't say \"sorry I\n**was** late\", and if they are talking to you **after** they have met you they\nwouldn't say \"sorry I **will be** late\".\n\nSo why is おそくなって left as an incomplete sentence? As you said, the て-form is\nused to link two clauses. The second clause is just left unsaid. It is up to\nthe listener to fill in the missing information. This is quite a common thing\nthat you'll see over and over again. It is most likely to be some feeling of\nregret in this case.\n\nIn fact in this case it's probably nothing more than just おそくなってすみません (I'm\nsorry I was late) with the parts swapped round.\n\nAs for the difference between \"I'm late\" and \"I'm running late\", personally I\ncan't see much of a distinction in English. I think you may be over-analysing\nit.",
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66692
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66695
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{
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"body": "お[母]{かあ}さん is used to address one's mother and [母]{はは} to talk about her\n(related: [Titles for\nfamily](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/59722/titles-for-\nfamily)). Since [母]{はは} already means 'my mother', is 私の母 redundant?\n\nAnd when/how/why is [母親]{ははおや} used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T07:26:30.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Three ways of saying 'mother': 母, お母さん, 母親",
"view_count": 952
}
|
[
{
"body": "私の母 **is** redundant, but it improves clarity. If you suddenly said 「母は……」, it\ncould confuse the listener for a split second if that was the first time you\nmentioned your mother in the conversation.\n\nOne can use 母親 to refer to one's own mother in a very neutral, objective\nmanner. Some might prefer it over 母 in formal contexts, and one would almost\ncertainly prefer it if they had a negative relationship with their mother and\npreferred to keep some 'emotional distance' from her (母 is also more objective\nand 'distant' than お母さん, but 母親 tends to be even more so). Also, it can be\nused to explicitly specify the fact that one is referring to one's female\nparent; e.g.「産みの母親」and「育ての母親」as opposed to just「産みの親」,「育ての親」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T21:20:05.493",
"id": "68160",
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66694
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68160
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "66731",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I always have difficulty understanding 宮本 茂. His Japanese is like the hardest\nto understand. I can watch whole anime's with no problem, and read through\nlots of text in video games and manuals, but Shigeru's speech style is too\nhard.\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VL47n61uihs>\n\nSuper Mario Run Shigeru Miyamoto Interview feat. Xavier Woods\n\n0:59 seconds:\nあのね、やっぱり、技術がほら、ゲームって技術がどんどんどんどん新しい技術が入いて来るし、で、自分自身もどんどん新しい経験していくでしょう、そうすと、すぐにやりたいものがずっと出て来るので\n\nInterpreter in video:\n\nWell and I think you know one of the main reasons that I like to continue to\nmake games is because technology keeps evolving and I keep having you know my\nown personal life experiences and I keep looking for new ways to combine the\ntwo, huh, into new games.\n\nResponse from reddit: Technology in games keeps getting better and better and\nwe also experience more and more. Thus, what you want to do will certainly\nreveal itself.\n\nMy translation: Well, of course, technology is well, about games new\ntechnology keeps coming steadily and steadily, so, my own personal self new\nexperiences of course, thus, soon together coming out because.\n\nCan someone again, please help me make sense of how this sentence was\ninterpreted. I can bet the translations are accurate, I just am looking for a\nbreakdown of the grammar and stuff.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T08:33:41.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66697",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-24T10:20:44.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "Shigeru Miyamoto interview",
"view_count": 328
}
|
[
{
"body": "Allow me to provide a more literal, humanized translation... The translations\nyou received appear to be normalized so that they resemble a more standard,\nformal way of speaking.\n\nI haven't watched the video so I'm missing some context, but\n\n> あのね、やっぱり、技術がほら、\n\nSo like, really, technology is like, hey!\n\n> ゲームって技術がどんどんどんどん新しい技術が入いて来るし、\n\nThe technology in games, again and again and again and again, new technology\nis put into games...\n\n> で、自分自身も\n\nAnd so I myself (also)...\n\n> どんどん新しい経験していくでしょう\n\nAgain and again, continuously move forward, gaining new experiences...\n\n> そうすと「そうすると」、すぐにやりたいものがずっと出て来るので\n\nAnd so, things you want to do will keep appearing...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-22T08:13:50.437",
"id": "66731",
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{
"body": "There are a few minor errors in the transcription which I've corrected below:\n\n> あのね、やっぱり、技術がほら、 \n> ゲームって技術がどんどんどんどん新しい技術が **入って** くるし、 \n> で、自分自身もどんどん新しい経験していくでしょう。 \n> そう **する** と、 **次に** やりたいものがずっと出てくるので\n\nThe following is a part-by-part translation/paraphrasing:\n\n> ゲームって技術がどんどんどんどん新しい技術が入ってくるし\n\nNew techniques, styles, and technology are constantly being introduced in\ngames\n\nNote: Given the topic of making video games, I believe 技術 here encompasses\nboth the technology (e.g. more advanced game engines, better hardware) and the\ncreative skills/techniques (e.g. art direction, sound, animation, programming)\nused to create a video game.\n\n> で、自分自身もどんどん新しい経験していくでしょう。\n\nSo I, myself continue to experience new things as well\n\n> そうすると、次にやりたいものがずっと出てくるので\n\nAnd so there's always something I want to try making next\n\nTo summarize and add my interpretation: Shigeru Miyamoto has been creating\ngames for many decades now. What spurs him on to keep creating games to this\nday are his love of games and the constant influx of new techniques/technology\nthat allows him to continue learning and have new experiences. Given these\nfactors, after he's done working on one game, there's no shortage of new game\nideas he wants to try working on next.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-04-24T10:20:44.393",
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"score": 0
}
] |
66697
|
66731
|
66731
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am trying to understand the grammar of using ところ with に and で when using ところ\nto represent the time that actions have happened.\n\nThese are (ungrammatical) sentences I made up:\n\n> 1) 私の犬は猫を見ていた **ところに** 急に走り出して追いかけた。\n>\n> 2) 昨日商店街で友達と遊んでいた **ところで** 友達の財布がスリに盗まれた。\n\nI don't understand why these sound unnatural.\n\n* * *\n\nCompare these sentences with 1)\n\n> 道に迷って困っていた **ところに** ちょうどおまわりさんが通りかかった。\n>\n> 私達が話し合っている **ところに** 彼が帰ってきた。\n>\n> 沸騰した **ところに** 鶏肉を入れます\n\nWhat is the difference between these sentences and my sentence that makes my\none wrong?\n\n* * *\n\nCompare this sentence with 2) above, which uses a similar structure\n\n> 駅の近くでケーキを買った **ところで** 彼女に偶然会った。\n\nWhy does 買ったところで sound alright but 遊んでいた/遊んだところで sound strange with this\ngrammar?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T09:40:17.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66698",
"last_activity_date": "2022-04-15T04:03:02.860",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "Usage of ところ to represent time with に and で",
"view_count": 287
}
|
[
{
"body": "On one hand, the noun ところ means **place** and functions like other nouns. More\nimportantly, it indicates ' **time/aspect** '. This usage is often listen in\ngrammar books as **ところだ**.\n\n * Tense: In English and Japanese we can change verbs to indicate tense (the time something will happen / happens / happened) - for example, **will go / go** and **went** = **行く** and **行った** 。Tense tells us about the order and timing of events.\n * Aspect: In English, we can also change verbs to indicate aspect (the state (ある), activities (走る), achievements (死ぬ), accomplishments (小説を書く), or semelfactives (ドアを叩く) of someone or something and relate to their completeness) - for example, adding 'be/have' and participles: **I am about to eat** , **I am eating** , **I have (just) eaten / finished eating** , and **I have been eating**. Aspect tells us that an event or situation has occurred, whether it was on one or multiple occasions, and whether it was part of a change or continuous.\n\nAnother factor is the type of verb.\n\n * Tense clauses generally use event verbs such as 見る, 食べる, and 歩く, and\n * Aspect clauses use state verbs such as ある, 出来るand いる.\n\nSo already we can see\n\n * When talking about events such as 'when the dog saw the cat' or 'when I was out with a friend', we need to use Tense structures (verb changes + time-related words 今, 10時, 時, 頃, 前, 後, ったら、た途端, etc.).\n * That is, rather than Aspect structures (verb changes + time-related words + aspect-related words もう, しゅんかん, 足ら最後、ことがある、and ところだ)。\n\nObviously its far more complex and interrelated than this quick summmary and\nincludes other factors such as viewpoint, time of events, etc., but this brief\nsummary helps explain this particular problem.\n\nIf your sentences feel unnatural, it's not the particles. It's more likely\nbecause you are using the Aspect conjunction ところ（だ） where it might be better\nto be using Tense conjunctions such as **たら** 'when', **たとたんに** 'the moment',\nor **あいだ** 'while':\n\n 1. 私の犬は猫を **見ていたところに** 急に走り出して追いかけた。\n\n * Aspect：My dog had been seeing the cat (and had completed doing so) when...見ていたところに\n\n * Tense：When / The moment my dog saw the cat: 私の犬は猫を見っ **たら** ；私の犬は猫を見 **たとたんに**\n\n 2. 昨日商店街で友達と **遊んでいたところで** 友達の財布がスリに盗まれた。\n\n * Aspect: I had been out with my friend (and had completed being so) when... 遊んでいたところで\n\n * Tense: While I was out with my friend: 遊んでいる **間**\n\nFinally, when you do need to use ところだ, there are two ways:\n\n**1. As a sentence ending: Sentence + ところだ**\n\n * はるえは晩御飯を **食べる** ところだ。Harue is just about to eat dinner.\n * はるえは晩御飯を **食べている** ところだ。Harue is in the midst of eating dinner\n * はるえは晩御飯を **食べた** ところだ。Harue has just eaten dinner.\n * は売れは晩御飯を **食べていた** ところだ。Harue has been eating dinner.\n\n**2. As a conjunction: Clause 1 + ところ + particle + Clause 2**\n\n * テリーと踊っている **ところを** マーサに見られてしまった。Martha saw me when I was dancing with Terry.\n * ご飯を食べ終わった **ところに** 真理子が訪ねてきた。Mariko came to see me when I had just finished eating dinner.\n * 三章まで読んだ **ところで** ねてしまった。I fell asleep when I had read up to the 3rd chapter.\n\nを for the object Martha saw, に for the time I finished, and で for the place\nwhere I finished.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-04-14T13:00:57.083",
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}
] |
66698
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94114
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{
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"body": "I'm trying to make sense of this sentence:\n\n> 一寸法師の背が高くなり立派な青年になりました\n\nIt's from the 一寸法師 story.\n\nI don't understand the word 高くなり. It seems so be takakunarimasu, the same\ninflection but without the masu suffix.\n\nIs that right? Is there any book that explains this? In the same story there\nare other expressions with verbs conjugated as masu form without the masu\npart.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T14:23:42.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66701",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-04-20T14:46:52.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "33776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "What is the grammar explanation for 高くなり?",
"view_count": 48
}
|
[] |
66701
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I see how 落 can be a failure. But how is 第 relevant to failing an exam, is\nthis a meaning other than 'number, -th' or implicitly falling _below first_\nplace?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T14:51:42.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66702",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-20T23:00:10.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "What is the origin of 落第?",
"view_count": 346
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [this website about etymologies](http://gogen-\nallguide.com/ra/rakudai.html),\n\n> 「第」は「第何位」などと用いられるように、一段一段の段階をや物事の順序を意味し、転じて、段階ごとの試験も意味するようになった。\n>\n> そこから、落第は段階ごとの試験に落ちる意味で「不合格」を表すようになった。\n>\n> 中国では「不合格」の意味で用いられるが、日本では「落第生」と言うように、不合格になることで進級や卒業ができないことも意味する。\n\nParaphrasing the relevant part about 第: the 第 comes from 第何位 and referred to\nthe stairs in a staircase or the ordering of things. It then evolved to refer\nto tests that comes in tiers/steps. Then, 落第 would mean to fall down from a\nstep in the sequence of tests.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T15:42:43.220",
"id": "66707",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-20T15:42:43.220",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I suggest that「落第」is a Chinese loanword. It originally meant _failure to be\nselected as a ranked Imperial bureaucrat due to unsatisfactory results from\nthe[Imperial\nExaminations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_examination)_.\n\n> [元](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty) 曾瑞 《留鞋記》楔子：＂人都道我落第無顏，羞歸鄉里＂\n>\n> _Everyone spoke about me not being selected for Imperial service, and to\n> ashamedly return to my home village_\n\n * 「落」means _to fall to the ground_ > _fail_\n * 「第」refers to the _grade-ranking result_ of a candidate's attempt at the Imperial Examinations (「科第」in Chinese)\n\n> [北齊](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Qi) 顏之推 《顏氏家訓・勉學》：＂明經求第，則顧人答策。＂\n>\n> _[Testing] one's thorough knowledge of the classics and to obtain Imperial\n> rank, candidates are invited to answer these questions._\n\n* * *\n\n**Reference:**\n\n * 《{{kr:漢語}}大詞典》",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T22:34:29.443",
"id": "66713",
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}
] |
66702
| null |
66713
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{
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"body": "Verbs of the form V-始める mean 'begin to V'. Is there such a pattern for V-かける\nverbs?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T15:01:30.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66703",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-20T15:01:30.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "-かける in 出かける, 話しかける, 見かける, etc",
"view_count": 114
}
|
[] |
66703
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66716",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "胸が小さい女子って、そのコトを気にしてる場合が多いらしいぜ。\n\nって、３組の木村さんが…！！\n\nFrom <https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2019/01/rashii-meaning.html?m=1>\n\nThe site says it means (is what Kimura from the class 3 [said]!!)\n\nI feel it's not really correct in this case, but I want to confirm first.\n\nIs it actually something more like ってことは in this case?\n\nDoes it translate to something like, So that means kimura from 3rd class\nis...!! (flat chested or something)\n\nI tried finding info in various j-j dictionaries, but I failed to find any\nconcrete examples of って being used like this.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T15:08:48.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66704",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-21T03:26:50.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-って"
],
"title": "What does って at the start of a sentence mean?",
"view_count": 649
}
|
[
{
"body": "Judging from the picture (he is recalling something), I think the description\nin the linked article is correct. This って (at the beginning of the second\nsentence) is a quotative particle, and it's referring to what was said in the\nprevious balloon.\n\n> って、３組の木村が（言ってた）…！！ \n> ...which is what Kimura in the class 3 said! \n> ...that's what I heard from Kimura!\n\nFYI, Kimura [is a male student](https://karakai-jouzu-no-takagi-\nsan.fandom.com/wiki/Kimura) :D",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-21T03:26:50.597",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
] |
66704
|
66716
|
66716
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "66706",
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"body": "I do not understand the meaning of de wa, I thought it meant something like at\nthe / in the (location) - But in this sentence, I don't know. hmmm",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T15:10:20.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66705",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-20T17:27:31.133",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-20T16:42:39.350",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "33779",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Ore hitori de wa kesshite miru koto no deki nai keshiki; It's a view I could never see on my own",
"view_count": 278
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 俺 **一人では** けっして見ることのできない景色\n\nIn addition to marking the place where an action happens, で (de) has another\nmeaning. It marks the means by which something is done e.g. バスで = (go) **by**\nbus, はしで = (eat) **with/by means of** chop sticks.\n\nIn this case it is marking how the _seeing_ is done. 一人で (hitori de) = by\nmeans of one person, i.e. by oneself.\n\nThe は (wa) is separate from で. This is the usual topic marking particle. In\nthis case it is acting in its contrastive role. The contrast here is that by\nhimself he could never see the view, but with the implication that he could\nsee the view with the help of others.\n\nBy the way this is not a full sentence. It does not say \" **It is** a view\nthat ...\". It is simply \"A view that ...\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T15:36:52.353",
"id": "66706",
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"last_editor_user_id": "25413",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
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"score": 1
}
] |
66705
|
66706
|
66706
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to The Phonology of Japanese by Laurence Labrune:\n\n> Consonants likely to undergo gemination, that is, likely to be preceded by\n> /Q/ in Yamato (including mimetics) and in Sino-Japanese are normally limited\n> to the voiceless obstruents /p, t, k, s/ and their palatalized counterparts.\n\nHas there been any attempt to describe it phonetically, e.g., coda restriction\nor something?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-20T17:32:51.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "66709",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-22T16:44:32.563",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-20T17:37:18.170",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33780",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"phonology",
"gemination",
"phonotactics"
],
"title": "Why is gemination limited to voiceless obstruents?",
"view_count": 120
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the older vocabulary of Japanese, we have native \"Yamato\" terms and\nborrowed Sino-Japanese terms. For these, gemination as spelled with the small-\n_tsu_ っ historically only happened with voiceless obstruents. The analogue for\ngeminate voiced obstruents in Japanese was prenasalization, which we do see --\nalthough it is realized as //ɴ// + `[following consonant]`, not always\nstrictly as gemination. Consider 度【たんび】 (northern dialect for たび), まんま\n(emphasized / dialectal form of まま), etc.\n\nHowever, with the influx of foreign words, we've started to see contrastive\ngemination of some voiced obstruents -- compare バグ (\"bug\") versus バッグ (\"bag\"),\n反吐【へど】 (\"vomit\") versus ヘッド (\"head\"), レジ (\"[cash] register\") versus レッジ\n(\"ledge\"), etc.\n\nThat said, even with borrowings of terms that are generally realized as ending\nin voiced geminates (like キッド and ベッド and ドッグ), there has been a tendency to\ndevoice, resulting in as-spoken realizations like キット and ベット and ドック.\n\nAs for _why_ Japanese vocabulary trends tend to eschew geminate voiced\nobstruents, I suspect it may have more to do with the fact that the language\nhas apparently included mora timing for the entirety of its historical\nexistence (i.e. since it was first written down). Within that phonetic\ncontext, certain sounds seem to be easier to distinguish: the brief pause\nbefore a geminate voiceless obstruent, or the added mora of an ん, is easier to\nhear. One hint is to consider how words sound when sung. See also\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology#Gemination>.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-22T16:44:32.563",
"id": "66740",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-22T16:44:32.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "66709",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
66709
| null |
66740
|
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