question
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list | id
stringlengths 1
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68099",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "With the use of a dictionary, along with reading some web pages, I understood\nthe meaning as well as the proper usage of 「延びる／延ばす」and 「伸びる／伸ばす」. But I\nnoticed an overlapping in meaning regarding「延べる」and「伸べる」. Do the former two\ngroups of verbs have differences in meaning and usage with「延べる」and「伸べる」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T08:56:33.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67960",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-08T19:02:35.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31935",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Difference between「のびる／のばす」and「のべる」",
"view_count": 560
}
|
[
{
"body": "# Difference のびる／のばす and のべる\n\nのべる has meaning as `make flat something thick or fold`.\n\n> 1. 空間的に長くする。また、広くする。\n> * ㋐たたんであるものなどをひろげる。敷く。「布団を―・べる」\n> *\n> ㋑（「手をのべる」の形で）対象に向かって届かせるように手をのばす。積極的にさし出す。さしのべる。「手を―・べて助けおこす」「救いの手を―・べる」\n> * ㋒かたまり状の物を、打って均質に薄く広げる。「飴(あめ)を―・べる」「金(きん)を―・べる」\n>\n\n>\n> [伸べる／延べる(ノベル)とは -\n> コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BC%B8%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8B-597279)\n\nOn the other hand, のびる has wider meanings. But, のびる's meaning of `make flat`\nis used for thinner thing.\n\n> 1. ものの長さ・高さ・広がりが増す。\n> * ㋔（伸びる）全体にうすく、均質にひろがる。「よく―・びる塗料」\n>\n\n>\n> [伸びる／延びる(ノビル)とは -\n> コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BC%B8%E3%81%B3%E3%82%8B-597202)\n\nFor better comprehension, I'll explain about other differences.\n\n# Difference of 延 and 伸, in meaning of extension\n\n## 延\n\n> 時間が予定より長びく。「延引・延滞／順延・遅延」\n>\n> [伸べる／延べる(ノベル)とは -\n> コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BC%B8%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8B-597279)\n\n延 has meaning as `extending schedule`.\n\n## 伸\n\n> まっすぐのびる。長くのばす。「伸縮・伸張・伸展／引伸・急伸・屈伸」 [伸(シン)とは -\n> コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BC%B8-536532)\n\n伸 has meaning as `extend straightly`.\n\nI think 伸 is used with a thing which has form, but I couldn't find source\nabout it.\n\n# Difference of 伸べる and 延べる\n\nSame.\n\nSee again [伸べる／延べる(ノベル)とは -\nコトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BC%B8%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8B-597279). These are\nused as a same word.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T18:19:50.143",
"id": "68099",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T18:19:50.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31274",
"parent_id": "67960",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
67960
|
68099
|
68099
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "67971",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「なんか男らしくない感じの人。」\n\nif らしく already gives the meaning of “seeming, characteristic of, ish,” etc\nthen what is the purpose of adding 感じの？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T13:25:51.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67964",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-04T15:50:30.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage",
"adjectives",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of 感じの in this sentence",
"view_count": 114
}
|
[
{
"body": "It emphasizes the subjective nature of the statement. If one simply said\nなんか男らしくない人, that would be something like \"a vaguely unmasculine person,\" \"a\nperson somehow lacking in masculinity,\" etc. なんか男らしくない感じの人 is more like \"a\nperson who seems vaguely unmasculine,\" \"a person who seems somehow lacking in\nmasculinity.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T15:50:30.783",
"id": "67971",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-04T15:50:30.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33928",
"parent_id": "67964",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
67964
|
67971
|
67971
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "67966",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Playing through the intro of Let's Go Pikachu, I came across what looks to me\nlike the greeting おはよう, but written instead as おはよ.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mh9vv.jpg)\n\nIs this a known alternate spelling, or perhaps a simplification aimed at\nyounger audiences?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T13:49:40.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67965",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-08T15:31:35.860",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-08T15:31:35.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "33752",
"owner_user_id": "33752",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"spelling"
],
"title": "おはよう written as おはよ?",
"view_count": 1049
}
|
[
{
"body": "「おはよ」 is just an informal, variant pronunciation/spelling of 「おはよう」. The age\nof the speaker or audience does not have so much to do with it.\n\nOther common variants include:\n\n・「おは」、「おっはー」\n\n・「おはよっす」\n\nFor the informal versions of 「こんにちは」, you will hear/see:\n\n・「ちはー」、「ちはっす」\n\n・「こんちゃ」\n\n・「ちゃーす」、「ちゃーっす」\n\n・「ちーっす」、「ちっす」\n\nWith the evening greeting, we seem not to \"play around\" much for some reason\nand we may only have:\n\n・「ばんはー」\n\n・「ばんはっす」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T15:03:24.060",
"id": "67966",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-04T15:03:24.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "67965",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
67965
|
67966
|
67966
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "When would I use 着（ki) as opposed to 衣 (i) to refer to a karate gi (空手着 or\n空手衣)?\n\nAs I understand it, 着 refers to something you wear, literally being used as a\nnoun for \"suit of clothes\" and being the root of \"kimono.\"\n\n衣 refers to clothing and is always a noun.\n\nWhat is the usage case between the two? Is one more formal than the other, or\nmore recognizable in writing?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T15:03:25.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67967",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-04T15:03:25.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33768",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "着 vs 衣 to refer to gi?",
"view_count": 77
}
|
[] |
67967
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68044",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "During my studying via Kanji Study app I came across the kanji for the word,\npardon my French, vagina. Of course, I was curious whether the names with the\nkanji existed. \"Nah,\" I thought. \"There is no way it could exist.\" I proved to\nbe wrong.\n\nApparently, there is a name 膣子{ちつこ} (vagina + child).\n\nThe same thing with 醜子{しゅうこ} (ugly + child).\n\nMaybe the latter serves as \"break a leg\" shout in theatres since it was widely\nconsidered that if you voice something it'll definitely not happen? Anyway, I\ndon't understand how they came up with those and why.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T15:45:42.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67970",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T21:59:13.433",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T20:43:41.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "33880",
"owner_user_id": "33880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"names"
],
"title": "Why would parents ever want to name their daughters with the following names?",
"view_count": 428
}
|
[
{
"body": "膣子 and 醜子 are not real person names. They may be possible as funny pen names\nor such, but for real person names, they are out of the question. I doubt a\nlocal government will accept registrations of such names.\n\n* * *\n\nLooks like `#names` function of jisho.org is severely broken and vandalized.\nMany results seem to be poor-quality machine generated readings, but there are\nalso many clearly-vandalized data. For example, it says [田村 is read\nえりりん/くらりせ/まちるで](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%94%B0%E6%9D%91%20%23names), [佐々木\nis read\nいしだ/にいくら](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BD%90%E3%80%85%E6%9C%A8%20%23names),\n[佐藤 is read\nさとあ/さいう/さいとう](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BD%90%E8%97%A4%20%23names), and so\non. Even though the main part of jisho.org is (usually) useful, for now, you\nshould ignore those \"names\" data. 膣子 and 醜子 also should be some sort of\nvandalism.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T00:21:36.653",
"id": "68019",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T00:21:36.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "67970",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "Setting aside the initial question of _\"why would parents ever want to name\ntheir daughters with the following names\"_.\n\n# Lexicography, and when a given string can be considered an official \"word\"\nor \"name\"\n\nLet's start at the top:\n\n## What is a \"word\"?\n\nIn **functional** terms, a \"word\" could be defined as any specific combination\nof sounds that can be used to convey a specific range of meaning. When it\ncomes to the written form, we then also talk about how this \"word\" is spelled.\nUsually, a \"word\" must be limited in size -- in written forms, for alphabetic\nlanguages, it's usually that set of characters between spaces.\n\nNote that this \"word\" **must convey meaning**. I can decide that\n**adsf8799zyih** means \"I'm going to the bathroom on Tuesday\", but if no one\nelse understands this, it's not _functionally_ a word. If, however, a bunch of\nmy friends and I start using **adsf8799zyih** with this meaning, then (at\nleast for us) it takes on a quality of \"word-ness\".\n\n### What is a \"real\" word?\n\nThis word **adsf8799zyih** is made up. No dictionary will include this, not\nnow.\n\nWhether or not a word is \"real\" and worthy of inclusion in a dictionary is,\nhonestly, a bit arbitrary. However, if _enough_ people all agree that\n**adsf8799zyih** has a meaning that everyone can agree on, then it starts to\ntake on social significance on a bigger scale. If enough people use this word,\nwith the agreed-upon meaning, for a long enough time, dictionary editors might\nconsider adding it to their next edition.\n\nNow for the next part.\n\n## What is a \"name\"?\n\nA \"name\" is basically a specific kind of \"word\", whereby the meaning of the\n\"word\" is a specific person.\n\n### What is a \"real\" name?\n\nMuch like for \"real\" words, whether or not a given name is considered \"real\"\ncan be a bit arbitrary. Broadly speaking, it must be used by _enough_ people\nas a name (to refer to a specific person), in an agreed-upon fashion (as in,\n\"yes, this is the name of a person or other living thing, and it does not\nrefer to furniture, or vegetables, or planets, or...\").\n\nIn addition, the \"name-ness\" of a given label may depend on other factors. For\nJapanese, one of those factors is the Japanese government, which actually does\nimpose certain restrictions on what kind of label can be used as an official\n\"name\".\n\n→ This is where you're finding some of the resistance to your queries -- the\nJapanese government hasn't ever allowed, and likely never will allow, either\n膣子 or 醜子 as official names.\n\n→ Consequently, the effective answer to your initial question is \"parents\n_cannot_ name their children either 膣子 or 醜子 (and therefore the 'why' question\nis [moot](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/moot#English))\".\n\n# Data-gathering: Provenance\n\nAs you've discovered, 膣子 does actually show up online as a \"name\" of sorts.\n\nHowever, before we can take this as proof that 膣子 exists as an official name,\nwe must investigate the _provenance_ of this data: who gathered it, and where\ndid this information come from, and what other details can we discover?\n\nAs others have noted above, the dictionaries that include 膣子 seem to all trace\nback to one or two apparently tainted sources, and thus they cannot be treated\nas reliable as proof of the \"official-ness\" of any name.\n\nLooking more deeply at confirmable instances where 膣子 appears, such as [Google\nsearches](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E8%86%A3%E5%AD%90%22), we see\nthat the top-most hits are Twitter handles (where people can use whatever they\nwant as their \"name\"), followed by the vandalized Jisho.org entry, and then\nseveral hits that appear to be Chinese rather than Japanese. None of this\nprovides any compelling evidence that this is a \"real\" name for official\npurposes. We can add a Japanese particle to our search to ensure we're getting\nJapanese hits, such as [this search for\n\"膣子\"+\"は\"](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E8%86%A3%E5%AD%90%22+%22%E3%81%AF%22),\nbut again we find only Twitter handles, Chinese strings quoted in Japanese\ntexts, and mysterious hits that don't seem to actually include the \"膣子\"\ncharacters in this order.\n\nAll told, the evidence is that 膣子 does exist as a kind of name, but the\nevidence also shows that this is most likely a nickname or unofficial label.\n\n### Conclusions\n\nPulling together everything we can find about these two purported names, we\ncan only conclude that these are not \"official\", and can thus never be used as\nchildren's official names. They might appear as nicknames, either applied by\nsomeone to themselves, or to other people.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T21:59:13.433",
"id": "68044",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T21:59:13.433",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "67970",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
67970
|
68044
|
68019
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On genki 1, on the page 107 there are the following phrases:\nあしたは日本語のクラスがありません。 あした東京でお祭りがあります。 Why the は particle is used on the first one\nand not in the second?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T16:20:06.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67972",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T02:55:34.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33929",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Doubt about this situation with the particle は",
"view_count": 79
}
|
[
{
"body": "The は in the first sentence is contrastive. It suggests that tomorrow, in\nparticular, there's no class. It could be that tomorrow is a holiday, or in\nresponse to someone mentioning tomorrow's class without realizing that\ntomorrow is Saturday.\n\nThe second sentence, without the は, is neutral. It simply says there's a\nfestival in Tokyo tomorrow.\n\nI don't have my Genki I handy, but there's a sidebar somewhere in there about\nhow contrastive は is very common in negative sentences--probably because\nyou're not likely to talk about the _absence_ of something unless someone is\nexpecting it to be present, which is a contrastive situation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T02:55:34.547",
"id": "67986",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T02:55:34.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "67972",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
67972
| null |
67986
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "67975",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Could somebody please help me to understand what **にとり** means in the\nfollowing sentence (taken from a letter explaining the change to Reiwa era) :\n\n> 「私達日本人{わたしたちにほんじん} **にとり**\n> 身近{みぢか}で重大{じゅうだい}な最新{さいしん}の話題{わだい}について、報告{ほうこく}申{もう}し上{あ}げます。」\n\nMy current translation attempt (having still basic japanese skills and not\nbeing either an english native speaker) is the following : \"I (humbly) provide\ninformation about a recent and important subject close to us, japanese\npeople.\" but I am struggling with (に)とり (obviously this doesn't mean 'bird'\nhere, could it be a form of 取る ?)\n\nMany thanks in advance for your help.\n\nNOTE : Question edited in accordance to Ringil/Setris answers (initial\nquestion was about とり only)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T19:08:51.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67974",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T12:38:48.767",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-04T20:48:00.473",
"last_editor_user_id": "33926",
"owner_user_id": "33926",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "What does にとり mean？",
"view_count": 468
}
|
[
{
"body": "にとり means the same thing as にとって. にとって and にとり both come from に+取る and are two\ndifferent ways to convert に+取る to 連用形. It's very common in Japanese to use the\n連用形 to connect clauses. The only real difference between にとって and にとり is that\nにとり is more formal. There's also\n[にとりまして](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6),\nwhich is politer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T20:15:26.603",
"id": "67975",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T12:38:48.767",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-05T12:38:48.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "67974",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Xにとり has the same meaning as Xにとって, though it sounds more formal/stiff by\ncomparison. Depending on context, it can be translated like \"as X\", \"for X\",\n\"from the perspective of X\", \"on behalf of X\", etc. So 「私達日本人にとり」 in your\nsentence could be translated to \"for us Japanese\".\n\n> に‐とり【に取り】 \n> ［連語］「に取って」に同じ。「彼の成功は私に取りこの上もない喜びだ」\n\nSource: [デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/167643/meaning/m0u/)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T20:23:14.307",
"id": "67976",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T06:43:33.960",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-05T06:43:33.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "14544",
"owner_user_id": "14544",
"parent_id": "67974",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
67974
|
67975
|
67975
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "67980",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is from the \"intro\" of the novel talking in general about sayayins . It\nseems that is like a sort of poetic/archaic style as the grammar doesn't make\nsense to me.\n\n> 彼らは戦いを好み、ほかの星を侵略する宇宙のならず者だった。\n\nI think it means\n\n> 彼らは[戦いを好み]、[[ほかの星]を侵略する] [宇宙のならず者だった]。\n>\n> Their liking is the battle, to invade other stars [they] were the hooligans\n> of the universe.\n\nIt's that is correct, what is the grammatical explanation for the connection\nbetween this [ほかの星を侵略する] and this [宇宙のならず者だった] as there is no と, も, commas,\npre-masu or て-form linkage.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T22:24:43.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67979",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T12:15:23.640",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Connecting sentences with dictionary form verbs?",
"view_count": 187
}
|
[
{
"body": "It modifies the noun ならず者.\n\nHere's a simpler example:\n\n> 本を読む - (I) read books\n>\n> 本を読む子 - A child who reads books\n>\n> 本を読む **男の** 子 - A **male** child who reads books\n\nIn your example, being fairly literal, we have\n\n> [[ほかの星]を侵略する][ならず者だった] - They were hooligans who invaded other stars\n>\n> [[ほかの星]を侵略する] [ **宇宙の** ならず者だった] - They were hooligans **of the universe**\n> who invaded other stars\n\nEdit per @Chocolate's suggestion: [戦いを好み] also directly modifies ならず者. The 好み\nis the 連用形 of 好む and it is used to connect the clauses. It doesn't say that\nthey **like** to invade other stars. It only says they like to fight/engage on\nbattle, the invading is a separate action. You can think of it like this:\n\n> [ **戦いを好む** ] [ならず者だった] - They were hooligans **who liked fighting**\n>\n> [戦いを好み]、[ **[ほかの星]を侵略する** ] [ならず者だった] - They were hooligans who liked\n> fighting and **invaded other stars**. Note that the action of liking is\n> separate from the action of invading.\n>\n> [戦いを好み]、[[ほかの星]を侵略する] [ **宇宙の** ならず者だった] - They were hooligans **of the\n> universe** who liked fighting and invaded other stars",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T23:20:51.240",
"id": "67980",
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"body": "Limanido, Ringil's explanation of the grammar is correct, but there are a\ncouple of additional issues you might want to consider. First, notice that\n戦いを好み is also part of the phrase that modifies ならず者. (Here, 好み is not a noun,\nas you have assumed, but the 連用形 of the verb 好む.) Also, the meaning of 星 in\nJapanese is much broader than that of \"star\" in English, and includes 惑星\n(planet) as well as 恒星 (what we call a \"star\" in English). Similarly, while 宇宙\ncan refer to the universe as a whole, in some contexts its meaning is closer\nto \"outer space.\" That seems more appropriate here – surely the point is that\nthey conduct their hooliganism in space, not that they are the worst hooligans\nin the entire universe. Hence, \"They were space hooligans who enjoyed fighting\nand invaded other planets.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T00:29:59.150",
"id": "67982",
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"score": 4
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "67983",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a Dragon Ball's novel, a paragraph says:\n\n> しかし、 **いつしか** サイア人は、圧倒的な力を持つコルド大王に支配されていた。\n\nThis could be? :\n\n> However, an unknown sayajin was taking control of Cold Great Kind who had an\n> overwhelming power.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-04T23:53:10.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67981",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T03:58:36.110",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-05T03:58:36.110",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adverbs"
],
"title": "いつしか+noun , what does it mean?",
"view_count": 108
}
|
[
{
"body": "いつしか does not mean \"unnoticed.\" It's essentially equivalent to いつか\n(\"sometime\"), but with greater emphasis on the idea of uncertainty. In some\ncases, it means something like \"at some point\" or \"at some time or other\" (in\neither the past or the future), while in others it conveys the sense of time\npassing without one's being fully aware of it. As Aeon Akechi has noted in a\ncomment, it isn't really possible to translate the phrase you've quoted\nwithout more context, but perhaps the 例文 on this page will help you get a\nsense of the range of possible meanings:\n[https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/いつしか](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B)\n\nEdited to add: Now that you've edited your original post to include the whole\nsentence, it's a little clearer – though as 圧倒的を makes no sense, I'm guessing\nthere's a typo in either your post or your book. (It should be 圧倒的な).\n\nI'm not at all familiar with Dragonball and had to use Google to find the\nconventional English translations for コルド大王 and サイア人, but it looks as if the\nsentence you have quoted would be something like \"However, at some point in\ntime the Saiyans came to be ruled by King Cold, who had overwhelming power.\"\nPresumably the preceding paragraph(s) have some information about what life\nwas like for the Saiyans in the halcyon days before this unfortunate state of\naffairs came to pass.\n\nAs a final note, while I'm new to this site myself, I think in general it's\nhelpful if you avoid editing your posts without indicating that you have done\nso, and how you have edited them – particularly if others have already\nresponded!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T01:00:53.350",
"id": "67983",
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67981
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67983
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67983
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "67994",
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"body": "I've been looking for this on the web but can't find my specific doubt.\n\nI just read the Genki 2 chapter about volitional + と思っています to say you are\nplanning on doing something. The book is pretty clear that this grammar can be\nused ONLY to express our own opinions or intentions and not other's.\n\n\n\nBut right after the lesson, the first exercise says: \"Describe what each\nperson is planning to do\" and the example follows:\n\n> メアリーさんは日本でいろいろな経験を **しようと思っています** 。\n\nThe book just said is used for our own intentions but then the example is\ntrying to tell us that another person is intending to do as if we know other\nperson intention.\n\nSo, can this grammar be used to express other people's intention? Thank you\nbeforehand.\n\nよろしくおねがいします。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T02:21:52.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67985",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T21:07:50.160",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-05T21:07:50.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "31121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Is the book Genki wrong about volitional + と思っています?",
"view_count": 370
}
|
[
{
"body": "A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar (Seiichi Makinko and Michio Tsutsui)\nhas this to say on the subject:\n\n> When the subject is not the first person, the nonpast form of 思う cannot be\n> used. ... The reason why this is unacceptable is that 思う represents an\n> internal feeling of the speaker alone. Therefore, when the subject is the\n> third person, 思う has to be replaced by the stative 思っている which means ' he (=\n> the third person subject) has indicated that he feels ~, in such a way that\n> the speaker can see and/or hear what he feels'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T14:26:50.970",
"id": "67994",
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"parent_id": "67985",
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"score": 2
}
] |
67985
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67994
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67994
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{
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"body": "I am a beginner of Japanese. Currently I've been studying for 1 month already\nand I am still n5. I try to watch Japanese TV as much as possible even though\nI don't understand what most of them say just so I can distinguish which words\nI do understand. I've also been doing some advance reading on certain topics\nlike `\"+tara\"` form out of curiosity since I've been hearing that word a lot.\n\nFrom what I researched, when you use the `tara` form, you change the verb into\n`plain past` form, like `aru` becomes `attara`. I guess my question is, why do\npeople in TV say `iu tara` (as in 言う). Shouldn't it be `ittara` or `itte\nitara`? This question has been bothering me quite a lot like an itch I need to\nscratch. Any feedback is much appreciated! Thank you very much.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T04:25:40.207",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67987",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T12:39:52.100",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-05T12:39:52.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "33355",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"kansai-ben",
"grammar"
],
"title": "to say + tara form",
"view_count": 327
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「言う」+「たら」\n\nIn Standard Japanese, the only correct combined form is:\n\n> 「言ったら」\n\nIn Kansai dialects, however,\n\n> 「言うたら」\n\nis also used on a daily basis. It is a regionally correct form.\n\nCurrently, many popular TV personalities in Japan are indeed from Kansai\n(including a number of most successful ones). Thus, it is only natural that\nyou frequently hear 「言うたら」 on TV.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T07:24:58.023",
"id": "67990",
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"score": 8
}
] |
67987
| null |
67990
|
{
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"body": "My Japanese friend online said it means important and in some translating\nsites, I found it means focusing or put emphasis in. They're all similar but\nwhat does に力を入 actually stand for, specifically? Because I can't find any\ntranslation for it. It's not actually a word, is it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T12:08:38.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67992",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T13:37:11.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33238",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does this に力を入れていますmean? In what context do you use this?",
"view_count": 78
}
|
[
{
"body": "* ～に: \"in/into ～\"\n * 力【ちから】: \"power\", \"energy\", \"effort\"\n * を: direct object marker\n * 入れて: te-form of 入れる (\"put in\")\n * います: progressive marker\n\nSo ～に力を入れています means \"[I am / We are] putting energy/effort in ～\". Depending on\nthe context, it can mean \"[I/We] consider ～ important\", but it's not a literal\ntranslation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T13:37:11.903",
"id": "67993",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T13:37:11.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "67992",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
67992
| null |
67993
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68007",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Nushi can be written using katakana or kanji in Japanese. I wanted to\nunderstand the exact meaning of this. And can it be used as someone's name?\n\nI named my daughter nushi (It means sweet in Hindi) but when I called her name\nin the crowd I fetched the attention of some people from Japan. Hence, I was\ncurious to know if it has some meaning in Japanese. I searched for dictionary\nand I found 2 meanings of it. Hence, I asked here.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T14:34:20.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67995",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-30T14:02:08.797",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-05T15:22:46.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "521",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"names"
],
"title": "What does nushi means in japanese?",
"view_count": 5293
}
|
[
{
"body": "Nushi (主 in kanji, ぬし in hiragana) means only one thing in Japanese:\n\"boss/master (especially of animals/fish)\". See [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/46850/5010). It's almost never\nused as a Japanese person name.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T19:41:56.720",
"id": "68007",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "`主` (`ぬし` nushi) can also mean `owner`. Maybe the people thought they had\ndropped something in the street and you were asking who's the owner.\n\nIt is also used to designate a person whom which you do not know the name and\nyou are talking to. But in this case, an `o` is prepended: `お主` (`おぬし`\nonushi).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T22:20:07.210",
"id": "68016",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-30T14:02:08.797",
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"score": 2
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] |
67995
|
68007
|
68007
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "67997",
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"body": "What does のそ mean in this picture?\n\n\n\nA friend of mine said that it was \"a moment later...\", but I'm not really sure\nif that's the real meaning. What does this annotation mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T14:46:47.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67996",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-04T23:41:42.693",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T09:37:09.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "3871",
"owner_user_id": "33937",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"word-usage",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What does のそ mean in this picture?",
"view_count": 1169
}
|
[
{
"body": "「のそ」 is an onomatopoeic word describing a slow and/or sluggish kind of walk or\nbody movement.\n\nWe also use 「のそのそ」 and 「のそりのそり」 as its variants.\n\nYou can forget \"a moment later\" for good as it has no such meaning.\n\nFor the onomatopoeia-curious out there, 「きびきび」, which means \"chop-chop\",\n\"speedily\", etc. would be like the 'antonym' of 「のそのそ」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T15:08:38.887",
"id": "67997",
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"parent_id": "67996",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 17
}
] |
67996
|
67997
|
67997
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68038",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In native Japanese words (that I know of at least) like 通り and 大きい, to\nelongate the お-sound, another お is added when written in Hiragana (instead of\nう like in Sino-Japanese words). However, it just crossed my mind that the\nvolitional form ending - which should certainly be natively Japanese - follows\nthe 漢語 pattern (e.g. やろう).\n\nIs this a remnant of the old auxiliary verb む mentioned in the answer of the\npost [Origins of the Volitional\nForm](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18766/origins-of-the-\nvolitional-form)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T16:11:47.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67998",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T21:01:55.383",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T21:01:55.383",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"history",
"spelling",
"phonology",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Elongated お in the volitional verb form",
"view_count": 153
}
|
[
{
"body": "The premise of your question – that in native Japanese words long \"o\" sounds\nare always spelled by adding お rather than by adding う – is simply incorrect.\n(Consider the verb [儲ける]{もうける} and the nouns [お父さん]{おとうさん} and [素人]{しろうと}, for\nexample.)\n\nThat said, the う that occurs in the volitional form ending does in fact derive\nfrom the auxiliary verb む, as explained in the sources quoted in the post to\nwhich you have linked.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T18:19:03.140",
"id": "68000",
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{
"body": "As you note, there are two modern patterns for spelling //oː// in kana:\n`[CONSONANT or VOWEL KANA ending in //o//]` + お, or + う.\n\n### For the volitional ending in う\n\nThis was originally the volitional auxiliary / suffix む, which attached to the\nirrealis or 未然形【みぜんけい】 (\"hasn't happened yet\") form.\n\n * For 四段活用【よだんかつよう】 verbs, the irrealis ends in //a//, so the volitional ending was effectively //-amu//. The む ending was somewhat unstable, and it shifted to just vowel う, resulting in //-au//. This then shifted phonetically to //ɔː// (kind of like English \"awww\"), which we still find in the 1603 _Nippo Jisho_ (\"Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary\", available online [here](https://books.google.com/books?id=TFJAAQAAMAAJ)) as a distinct sound from //oː//. Between then and now, //ɔː// merged with //oː//, resulting in the modern 五段活用【ごだんかつよう】 (the fifth being this //oː// ending).\n * For 上【かみ】 and 下一段【しもいちだん】 verbs, the irrealis stem is the same as the other stems -- ending in //i// for 上【かみ】 and in //e// for 下【しも】, so the volitional ending was effectively either //-imu// or //-emu//. Due to that same instability in む, this became //-iu// or //-eu//. Due to further phonetic shifts, this became first a glide //-joː//, such as 見む (//mimu//) → 見ょう (//mjoː//) and 食べむ (//tabemu//) → 食びょう (//tabjoː//), and then the //joː// ending was re-analyzed as a suffix, and the subsumed-and-contracted vowel of the stem re-appeared, as in 見よう (//mijoː//) and 食べよう (//tabejoː//).\n\n### For Chinese-derived long-//o// vowels in kanji readings\n\nThese are sometimes the result of an earlier manifestation of this same \"//a//\n+ nasal\" sound shift, generally occurring at the time of borrowing. 王 is one\nexample, realized in Middle Chinese as something like //huaŋ//. Japanese\nspeakers may have heard this more as //waŋ//, but earlier Japanese didn't have\nany ん sound -- so the Chinese term was imported into the Japanese sound system\nas //wau//, with the earlier hiragana representation of わう. Due to the //-au//\n→ //-ɔː// → //-oː// sound shift described above, this became //wɔː// and then\n//oː// (since //wo// doesn't really exist as a phonemic sound in Japanese).\n\nAlternatively, they may have been //-ip// or //-ep// in Middle Chinese. That\nfinal //-p// became //-pu// in Japanese, and then as //p// shifted to //f//,\nfinal //-fu// softened further to //-u//, and then we see the same //-iu// or\n//-eu// to //-joː// shift as above. 協 is one example, realized in Middle\nChinese as //gep//, giving rise to the 呉音【ごおん】 reading of ぎょう.\n\n### For native-derived long-//o// vowels\n\nSome of these arose from the same //-iu// or //-eu// shift as above. One such\nexample is 今日【きょう】, reconstructed as //kepu// in the earliest form. These are\nspelled with the う as the vowel lengthener.\n\nOthers arose from a related shift, where the mid-word ひ or び of 人 would shift\nto ふ or ぶ, and then result in an ending of either //-uto// or //-udo//.\nExamples include 素人【しろうと】 (from しろ + ひと) and 仲人【なこうど】 (from なか + びと). These\nare also spelled with the う as the vowel lengthener.\n\nStill others of these arose from the lenition (softening) of a consonant, such\nas 遠【とお】 from earlier //topo//, or 頰【ほお】 from earlier //popo//. These are\nspelled with the お as the vowel lengthener.\n\nThere are other patterns that also occurred, as in お父【とう】さん. An earlier form\nof 父 was //toto//, and the honorific form during the Edo period was\n//otossan//, from a contraction of the second //-to// with the //s// in suffix\n//-san//. During the Meiji period, this //otossan// was reworked by the\nMinistry of Education into //otoːsan//, which was spread via textbooks as the\nnew standard form for this word.\n\n### Suggestion\n\nIf you dig around in a monolingual Japanese dictionary, you'll find that the\nentry often starts with a hiragana spelling that differs from the expected\nmodern spelling. See [the 大きい entry at\nWeblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%A4%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%84), for\ninstance, which starts with:\n\n> おおき・い おほきい ［3］ 【大きい】\n\nThat second kana string is the old, pre-reform kana spelling, and those old\nspellings give you some clue as to how the term was pronounced in earlier\nstages of the language. These can, in turn, help explain the derivation of the\nlong-vowel readings.",
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
67998
|
68038
|
68000
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68006",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to my textbook, verb and i-adjective sentences can be chained with\nthe 連用中止【れんようちゅうし】 form like this:\n\n\n\nLater on, I came across this exercise where I'm required to replace the\nadjectives' endings by the corresponding 連用中止. But I do not know how to turn\n静かで into 連用中止 in the following sentence:\n\n\n\n> 北海道【ほっかいどう】の7月の海は、深【ふか】 **く、** 青【あお】 **く、** 静【しず】か **___、** 絵のように美しかった。\n\nIs this feasible? What about sentences that end with a noun?\n\nThank you very much",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T16:59:48.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "67999",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T22:31:16.743",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-05T21:03:09.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "How do you formulate the 連用中止 with 形容動詞 (な adjectives) and 名詞 (nouns)?",
"view_count": 1176
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, you cannot omit で after 静か. As your textbook clearly says, this grammar is\nabout verbs and **_i_** -adjectives.\n\n> 北海道の7月の海は、深く、青く、静か **で** 、絵のように美しかった。\n\nSee: [いAdjective. difference between くて and\nく](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3439/5010)\n\n**EDIT:** You can also use copula-like である and say \"深く、青く、静か **であり**\n、絵のように美しかった\", too.\n\n* * *\n\nYou may see two na-adjectives connected without a particle (\"簡単、便利なチャットアプリ\"\ninstead of \"簡単で便利なチャットアプリ\"), but this is another story.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T19:18:25.107",
"id": "68006",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T22:31:16.743",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-05T22:31:16.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "67999",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
67999
|
68006
|
68006
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68003",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is the whole phrase and the sentence I don't understand is in bold:\n\n> そして、コルド大王の息子で \n> 悪の帝王と呼ばれるフリーザは \n> 千年に一度あらわれるという \n> 「超サイア人」のウワサを不快に思い、 \n> サイア人を、 **彼らが住む惑星ベジータごと** 、 \n> 宇宙から消滅させてしまうーーーー。\n\nSo \"消滅させて\" being passive and \"サイア人\" is the direct object, then \"彼らが住む惑星ベジータごと\"\nit's a clause that explain what the Sayajins are/were. ごと could be a\nnominalizing suffix like:\n\n> As to Furiza (...) the sayajins, they who living in the Vejita planet, were\n> sadly extinguished from the universe (by Furiza?).\n\nI don't undestand what they are using the dictionary form for 住む、 and if it's\nreferring to \"彼ら\", the sayayins or modifying \"惑星ベジータ\", and i dont understand\nthe use of ごと here.\n\nThanks form your help.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T18:20:12.987",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68001",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T04:12:28.170",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T04:11:18.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "What is the use of ごと in this clause?",
"view_count": 199
}
|
[
{
"body": "彼らが住む modifies 惑星, so 彼らが住む惑星 means \"the planet they lived on.\" The suffix ごと\nmeans \"as well as,\" \"together with,\" \"along with,\" or \"and all\" (as リンゴを皮ごと食べる\n– \"eat an apple, peel and all\"). Here, ごと is used to stress that this\ncharacter \"Freezer\" didn't just destroy the Saiyan people, but their whole\nplanet.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T19:01:04.403",
"id": "68003",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T04:12:28.170",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T04:12:28.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33934",
"parent_id": "68001",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68001
|
68003
|
68003
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nLevi is trying to clean the room with the vacuum cleaner",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T19:08:50.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68004",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T03:53:06.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33937",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does it mean these symbols?",
"view_count": 81
}
|
[
{
"body": "I believe \"tch\" represents a sound this character is making by pressing his\ntongue against the roof of his mouth and expelling a small amount of air; this\nconveys impatience, annoyance, or irritation. Likewise, the イライラ in the\nbackground shows that he is feeling annoyed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T19:14:18.530",
"id": "68005",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T19:14:18.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33934",
"parent_id": "68004",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68004
| null |
68005
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68010",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "how do you distinguish between saying for example “A person he likes” and “A\nperson who likes him” if they would both be 彼が好きな人？is there a way around that?\ndifferent wording? a different particle? i must be missing something here\nhahaha. any help would be appreciate!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T19:59:15.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68008",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T20:58:47.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Differentiation between subjects in relative clauses?",
"view_count": 73
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both meanings are possible with 彼が好きな人. It'd have to be decided on context,\nbut if someone were to hear that out of the blue, they'd be far more likely to\nthink that it means `A person he likes`.\n\nIf you really wanted to unambiguously say `A person who likes him`, the best\nway is probably by saying 彼のことが好きな人. There are other ways such as for example\nsaying 彼を好きな人 (An interesting use of を where it typically isn't allowed).\n\nHere's a great other answer on this:\n\n * [What is the こと in sentences such as あなたのことが好きだ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2102/what-is-the-%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8-in-sentences-such-as-%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8C%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A0)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T20:58:47.293",
"id": "68010",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T20:58:47.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "68008",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68008
|
68010
|
68010
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68011",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading 「花咲かじいさん」and there is a phrase used a lot like...\n\n> 隣のおじいさんは言いました。\n\nI have not seen this before and it doesn’t make sense to me from my\nunderstanding of 隣 meaning “next to”.\n\nWhat does it mean here? Is it like a temporal “next”. Like... “Then the old\nman said...”?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T20:10:30.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68009",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T21:06:36.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31975",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「隣のおじいさんは言いました」",
"view_count": 272
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, doesn't mean \"then\" or \"next\" in a temporal sense. Depending on the\ncontext, the phrase you have quoted means either \"the elderly man next to\n[someone]\" or \"the elderly man who lives [or lived] in the house next door.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T21:06:36.263",
"id": "68011",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T21:06:36.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33934",
"parent_id": "68009",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68009
|
68011
|
68011
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm to conjugate 注意する and associate it with either of \"てあげる\", \"てくれる\" and\n”てもらう\" in the following sentence:\n\n> 隣の人がうるさくて眠れないので、大家さんから静かにするように(注意する)_____ことにしました。\n\nI picked \"注意してもらう\", which gives this, and which I translate as follows:\n\n> 隣の人がうるさくて眠れないので、大家さんから静かにするように注意してもらうことにしました。\n>\n> My neighbour is noisy and I cannot get to sleep, so I decided to get my\n> landlord to ask them to be quiet.\n\nAre my choice and my translation correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T21:41:45.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68012",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T11:16:27.197",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T03:39:26.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "18582",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"て-form",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "注意する conjugation and ~てもらう",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your proposition seems good to me:\n\n> 隣の人がうるさくて眠れないので、大家さんから静かにするように注意してもらうことにしました。\n\n~~Using`てあげる`, would have meant \"to tell my landlord to be careful\":\n\n> 隣の人がうるさくて眠れないので、大家さんから静かにするように注意してあげることにしました。\n\nUsing `てくれる` doesn't quiet fit, though it semanticaly sounds close to\n`てもらう`.~~",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T21:59:07.720",
"id": "68013",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T11:16:27.197",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T11:16:27.197",
"last_editor_user_id": "32857",
"owner_user_id": "32857",
"parent_id": "68012",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
68012
| null |
68013
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68027",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The whole sentence is:\n\n> だが、偶然にも生き残ったサイア人たちがいた。\n\nCould it be:\n\n> However, fortuitously surviving sayajins remained.\n\nIn this case, this いた is the past of 居る? If this right, 居る could have the\nreading \"to remain\" or \"the be left\" in this case?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T22:06:01.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68014",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T09:09:02.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33776",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "The meaning of いた in this sentence related to be left surviving",
"view_count": 749
}
|
[
{
"body": "As youy say, `いた` is the past of `居る`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-05T22:11:39.533",
"id": "68015",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-05T22:11:39.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32857",
"parent_id": "68014",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "いた just means \"there was ～\" here. いた is the past tense of いる (\"to be\", \"to\nexist\"). And is サイア人 a typo for サイ **ヤ** 人?\n\n> 生き残ったサイヤ人 \n> Saiyans who survived\n>\n> 偶然にも生き残ったサイヤ人 \n> Saiyans who happened to survive\n>\n> だが、偶然にも生き残ったサイヤ人たち **がいた** 。 \n> However, **there were** Saiyans who happened to survive.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T09:09:02.650",
"id": "68027",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T09:09:02.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68014",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68014
|
68027
|
68027
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68042",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「えとー、隣に人乗る時ありますけど、なんかこう前が壁じゃないですか。」\n\nThe translation in the subtitle was “Because, sometimes people do sit next to\nme but there’s a sort of wall in front of you.”\n\nI don’t understand where the じゃない fits into the translation of where “because”\nis in the sentence either.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T00:13:44.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68018",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T20:32:47.033",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T03:15:09.530",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Reason for using じゃないですか in this sentence?",
"view_count": 687
}
|
[
{
"body": "As the post mentioned in comments says, to understand the sentence better,\nsimply substitute じゃないですか with です. Here じゃないですか, roughly speaking, plays a\nrole of \"isn't it?\" or \"right?\" (it would be a negation if there wasn't か in\nthe end of the sentence, which, in fact, is a question marker), so the second\npart of the sentence is a statement that asks (but rather rhetorically) your\ninterlocutor if they agree with your or understand you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T20:32:47.033",
"id": "68042",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T20:32:47.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33880",
"parent_id": "68018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68018
|
68042
|
68042
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68021",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": " Can\nsomebody help me, please?.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T02:04:24.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68020",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T02:47:20.807",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-07T02:47:20.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "33937",
"owner_user_id": "33937",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does ぐいつ mean?",
"view_count": 222
}
|
[
{
"body": "That doesn't actually say ぐしう, it says ぐいっ. It conveys the idea of a sudden,\nsharp movement that is vigorous or strenuous.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T02:27:19.370",
"id": "68021",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T02:27:19.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33934",
"parent_id": "68020",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68020
|
68021
|
68021
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68026",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is an excerpt from パン屋再襲撃 by 村上春樹. The main character and his wife are\nrobbing a McDonald's. A girl who works there asks them a question.\n\n>\n> 「どうしてこんなことをしなくちゃいけないんですか？」と女の子が僕に向かって言った。「お金を持って逃げて、それで好きなものを買って食べればいいのに。だいいちビッグマックを三十個食べたって、それがいったい何の役に立つっていうの？」 \n> 僕は何も答えずにただ首を横に振った。 \n> 「 **悪いとは思うけれど** 、パン屋が開いてなかったのよ」と妻がその女の子に説明した。「パン屋が開いていれば、ちゃんとパン屋を襲ったんだけれど」\n\nMy question is what does 悪いとは思うけれど mean? Who's thinking, and what do they\nthink is bad?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T02:58:08.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68022",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T07:16:18.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Meaning of「悪いとは思うけれど」in this context",
"view_count": 585
}
|
[
{
"body": "悪いとは思うけれど here means \"I do feel sorry [for what we're doing to you], but\"\n\nThe wife, who says this line, is expressing her apologetic feelings to the\nMcDonald's girl. To paraphrase a little, she's essentially saying \"Sorry you\nended up being the one that we robbed, but the bakery wasn't open. So we chose\nthis place instead.\"\n\n悪い here is a word that expresses that one feels apologetic, like 申し訳ない or\nすまない. From\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/238878/meaning/m0u/%E6%82%AA%E3%81%84/):\n\n> わる・い【悪い】 \n> ➄ 謝罪・感謝の意を表す語。申し訳ない。すまない。 \n> 「心配をかけて、―・いね」 \n> 「―・いけれど先に帰るよ」 \n> 「―・い―・い。こんど埋め合わせします」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T07:08:02.930",
"id": "68026",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T07:16:18.397",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T07:16:18.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "14544",
"owner_user_id": "14544",
"parent_id": "68022",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
68022
|
68026
|
68026
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68031",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "MC's sister wakes him up.\n\n> mc「なに……してるんだ？」\n>\n> sister「先に目が覚めたから、お兄ちゃんの寝顔を見つめていたの……♪」\n>\n> 全国１０００万の妹好きを下僕に出来るだろう、笑顔と台詞が返ってくる。\n\n..., i reply with a smile.\n\ni an assume this is saying in a roundabout way that he is a degenerate for his\nsister, but hard to interpret this statement\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T03:51:18.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68023",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T16:25:17.917",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"parsing"
],
"title": "１０００万の妹好きを... in this sentence",
"view_count": 239
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, you should not ignore てくる. This sentence lacks a personal pronoun, but\nit clearly indicates 笑顔と台詞 is returning toward the MC, i.e., **she** replied\nwith a smile.\n\nSecond, 全国1000万の妹好きを下僕に出来るだろう is a relative clause that modifies 笑顔と台詞, which\nserves as the subject of 下僕に出来る. Don't be misguided by the comma.\n\nThird, AをBに出来る is a potential version of AをBにする (\"to make A B\", \"to turn A\ninto B\").\n\nTherefore, a literal translation is:\n\n> A smile and words, which could probably turn 10 million imouto fans in Japan\n> into her servants, returned to me (from her).\n\nOr more naturally:\n\n> She replied with a smile. Her smile and words could captivate 10 million\n> imouto fans all over Japan!\n\n全国1000万の妹好き (\"10 million little sister fans in Japan\") may need some\nexplanation. It's basically a reference to that \"imouto moe\" or \"imouto-ish\ncharacter\" fad, which was most popular in the 00's and has little to do with\nincest. The relative clause describes her response was that of a stereotyped\n妹キャラ admired by many otaku. It says her smile was objectively fascinating, but\nit doesn't necessarily mean MC himself was fascinated (at least at this\npoint).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T13:29:46.450",
"id": "68031",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T16:25:17.917",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T16:25:17.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68023",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68023
|
68031
|
68031
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "So, of course, I know words like 多い, たくさん, 少ない, 少し, and 何+[counter]+か to\nexpress \"many\", \"few\", \"a few\", and \"some\" in most contexts. However, I have\nabsolutely no idea what are the Japanese equivalents for these words when\nthey're used on their own to mean people. Sure, 多い人, 少ない人, and 何人か do the job\ntoo, but I'm sure there must be some more refined way to say this as well, at\nleast for the first two. Google isn't really a big help with this, since\nsearches like \"japanese many few\" and \"japanese grammar many people few\npeople\" only yield pages like \"BEGINNER JAPANESE: How To Use OOI And\nSUKUNAI!!\" etc.\n\nFor example, how would you translate these sentences into Japanese?\n\n * \"Some were surprised, many were not.\"\n * \"Few understand the value of health before they lose it.\"\n * \"A few benefited from the loss of many.\"\n * \"Many belittled the few who stood out.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T11:14:22.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68030",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-08T03:11:07.877",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-07T16:01:05.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "33943",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"numbers",
"written-language"
],
"title": "How do you say \"some\", \"many\", \"a few\", and \"few\" when referring to people?",
"view_count": 3967
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would translate like this:\n\n> Some were surprised, many were not.\n>\n> 驚く人もいれば、ほとんどは呆然としていた。\n>\n> Few understand the value of health before they lose it.\n>\n> 健康の大事さを失う前に理解する人はほとんど居ない。\n>\n> A few benefited from the loss of many.\n>\n> 大勢の損が限られた人数に得した。\n\nI'm not really sure with last one.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T14:36:38.803",
"id": "68034",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-07T15:42:46.313",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32857",
"parent_id": "68030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "少数の人は驚いたが 多数は驚いていない\n\n病気になる前に健康のありがたみが分かる人が少ない\n\n多くの人の損が一部の人の得になった\n\n多くの人は目立った人を見くびった",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-05T23:38:13.297",
"id": "68688",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-05T23:38:13.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22363",
"parent_id": "68030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "For example,\n\nThere are some people in the park(幾人か(or 何人か)公園にいる).\n\nThere are many people in the park(たくさん(大勢)の人が公園にいる).\n\nThere are a few people in the park(数人が公園にいる).\n\nThere are few people in the park(公園にはほとんど人はいない).\n\nI translated your examples as follows.\n\nSome were surprised, many were not.(驚いた人もいたが、大半は驚かなかった。)\n\nFew understand the value of health before they lose\nit.(健康を失う前にその価値を理解する人は少ない。)\n\nA few benefited from the loss of many.(多くの人から搾取し、一部の少数の人が利益を得た。)\n\nMany belittled the few who stood out.(多くの人が稀な傑出した人達を見くびった。)\n\nI learned that \"a few\" means 少しはある and \"few\" means 少ししかない, ほとんどない.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-07T17:16:37.270",
"id": "70629",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-08T03:11:07.877",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-08T03:11:07.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "68030",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68030
| null |
70629
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68037",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To add some additional context, the character appears to have family problems\n(particularly father problems). Her birthday is on Christmas, however her\nfather never celebrates it with her.\n\nI don't quite understand what 実感 is referring to in the below.\n\n> 「……お父さん」\n>\n> 見知らぬ人だ。\n>\n> わかってる。\n>\n> ちょっと口にしてみただけ。\n>\n> 手にはケーキの紙箱と、赤と緑のクリスマスカラーのリボンでラッピングされた袋。\n>\n> ケーキにプレゼント、お約束中のお約束で、子供のためという父親の意気込みが見て取れた。\n>\n> 「ひねくれたこと考えてるな、私」\n>\n> そういう言葉の端から **実感が欠けていく**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T14:17:27.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68033",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T16:55:24.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What is meant by 実感が欠けていく here?",
"view_count": 279
}
|
[
{
"body": "実感 is \"sense of reality\", and in this context, it refers to the sense of\nrealization that he is her father. 欠ける is \"to lack/miss/disappear\", and ていく is\n\"over time\" and/or \"away from me\". So the sentence is saying that, because she\nis seeing the situation sarcastically, she is becoming more and more unsure if\nshe can accept him as her father. The more she is seeing his blatant effort,\nthe more she is seeing him as a remote being.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T16:49:22.133",
"id": "68037",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T16:55:24.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68033
|
68037
|
68037
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Apologies if this question title is vague but, is there a word in Japanese\nthat describes a new word which is formed by switching the 漢字 around?\n\ne.g\n\n> 例文 -> 文例\n>\n> 運命 -> 命運\n>\n> 合併 -> 併合\n\nHow do you describe this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T15:38:19.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68035",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T15:51:29.210",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "How to describe switching individual 漢字？",
"view_count": 54
}
|
[] |
68035
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": ">\n> 話し合って、らいあんさんにはエンディング、オープニング、エフェクトなどの編集をお願いします！もう1人お願いする方がいて、その人に文字起こしなどお願いすることになりました！\n\nI am working as a video editor for my client and I understand the first\nsentence, but I am having difficulty understanding the phrase 文字起こし, what does\nit mean in this context?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T17:36:25.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68039",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T22:24:25.717",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T22:24:25.717",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33169",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 文字起こし?",
"view_count": 143
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means \"transcription\" (convert speech into a written document.) It is also\ncalled テープ起こし (from the olden days when audio was mainly recorded on tapes).\nIt can be a word-to-word, or involve some editing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-06T19:39:45.160",
"id": "68040",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-06T19:47:52.703",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-06T19:47:52.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "33931",
"owner_user_id": "33931",
"parent_id": "68039",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68039
| null |
68040
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm translating this old book I have from Japanese to English, and I come\nacross the following sentence.\n\n> 背後で聞き覚えのある声 **がして** 、思わず一歩後ずさってしまった。\n\nI think in the above instance the して is being used to emphasis, as defined by\nthe [fourth definition](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6) on\nJisho.org, shown below.\n\n> 1. by (indicating means of action); as (a group, etc.)\n> 2. indicates patient of a causative expression - as 〜をして in modern\n> Japanese\n> 3. acts as a connective - after the ren'youkei form of an adjective **\n> 4. adds emphasis - after an adverb or a particle**\n>\n\nWhat does 'add emphasis' mean, and is my understanding of the use of して in the\nabove sentence correct?\n\nEDIT: Added answer to my question: 「して」じゃなくて「する」を調べたほうがいいですよ。#7 to be sensed\n(of a smell, noise, etc.) – Chocolate",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T00:03:24.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68046",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T02:11:29.063",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-07T02:11:29.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "26406",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"emphasis"
],
"title": "What does emphasis mean in the がして of the following sentence?",
"view_count": 92
}
|
[] |
68046
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Do the following two sentences mean the same thing?\n\n> 部下は課長に残業を頼まれました。\n>\n> 課長は部下に残業を頼ませました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T05:29:10.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68047",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T10:28:40.190",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-07T10:28:40.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "14544",
"owner_user_id": "33949",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Do these two sentences mean the same thing?",
"view_count": 221
}
|
[
{
"body": "No, these do not mean the same thing.\n\n> 部下は課長に残業を頼まれました。 \n> 部下 was asked by 課長 to work overtime.\n>\n> 課長は部下に残業を頼ませました。 \n> 課長 made 部下 ask [a third person] to work overtime.\n\nThe latter is a \"double-causative\" sentence involving three people. The former\nrefers to the same event as the following sentence:\n\n> 課長は部下に残業を頼みました。 \n> 課長 asked 部下 to work overtime.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T08:52:04.177",
"id": "68051",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T09:03:31.227",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-07T09:03:31.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68047",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
68047
| null |
68051
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "In the following sentences, what is the use of 'おきます'? And what is the\ndifference in nuance if the sentences end without 'おきます'?\n\n> 実家にいるうちに、母の料理をたくさん食べておきます。 \n> お金があるうちに、ほしいものを買っておきます。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T05:34:51.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68048",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T12:51:25.117",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-07T12:51:25.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Question about おきます",
"view_count": 70
}
|
[] |
68048
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68055",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When can I use こいつ, あいつ, etc?\n\nI’ve seen that they can mean he/she/this/that in various contexts but when is\nit appropriate to use them versus 彼 or 彼女？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T08:06:58.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68049",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-08T02:25:58.203",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-07T14:07:53.267",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"word-usage",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Usage of こいつ, あいつ, etc",
"view_count": 1439
}
|
[
{
"body": "Roughly speaking, こいつ, そいつ, and あいつ mean \"this/that guy\", except they're\ngender neutral. Essentially, they're colloquial, and slightly rude, variants\nof この人, その人, and あの人, which mean \"this/that person\". 彼【かれ】 and 彼女【かのじょ】 are\nequivalent to the English \"he\" and \"she\" respectively, but they're relatively\ndistancing words; they generally carry the connotation of \"that man/woman over\nthere\" or \"this man/woman neither of us know well\". In most conversations, if\nit's clear from context who you're talking about, you can just drop the\npronouns completely, but if it's not clear but both of you know the person by\nname, just use their name + さん/くん/ちゃん and you're good to go.\n\nHope that clears it up :>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T12:28:08.870",
"id": "68055",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T12:28:08.870",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33943",
"parent_id": "68049",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "If I am not mistaken, one thing to add to Ranquil's answer is that 彼 and 彼女\ncan have the respective meaning of \"boyfriend\" and \"girlfriend\", something\nnever conveyed through the series こいつ, そいつ, and あいつ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T02:25:58.203",
"id": "68069",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-08T02:25:58.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33926",
"parent_id": "68049",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
68049
|
68055
|
68055
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "\n\nHello!\n\nI'm a beginner in Japanese and so far I have kind of memorised hiragana. It\nwould help me a lot if anyone could take a look at my handwriting and tell if\nit is understandable.\n\nThank you so much!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T08:37:50.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68050",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T14:57:47.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33953",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Is my handwriting (hiragana) understandable?",
"view_count": 442
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, but \"ya\" and \"ri\" are badly written.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T09:52:35.463",
"id": "68054",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T09:52:35.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9539",
"parent_id": "68050",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Try improving your ほ, や, ら and り characters.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T14:57:47.350",
"id": "68058",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T14:57:47.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11369",
"parent_id": "68050",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
68050
| null |
68058
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68057",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm thrilled to finally read about Rendaku (連濁) in my learning journey of\nJapanese, and to realise that ときどき is a simple example of this phenomenon!!\n\nHowever, \"少々\" in 少々 お待ちください still remains as \"しょうしょう\" instead of \"しょうじょう\"\n(with tenten on the second \"少\")\n\na) Is there any specific reason why Rendaku is not applied in this case?\n\nb) I read that the exceptions to Rendaku are sometimes due to unpredictability\nand also due to sound-words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T09:20:36.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68052",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-07T14:34:57.850",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-07T14:34:57.850",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"rendaku"
],
"title": "Why does \"Rendaku\" not apply in 少々 お待ちください?",
"view_count": 224
}
|
[
{
"body": "{{pad}}There are many exceptions, but the general rule is that the second\ncomponent of an on-yomi compound is not voiced. This includes on-yomi\nreduplicative words like 少々【しょうしょう】, 多々【たた】, 点々【てんてん】, 嬉々【きき】, 着々【ちゃくちゃく】,\n淡々【たんたん】, 個々【ここ】 and 早々【そうそう】. There are exceptions like 種々【しゅじゅ】 and\n方々【ほうぼう】. Ultimately, you have to learn them one by one.\n\nSee: [Rules or criteria for 連濁: Voiced or unvoiced syllables in compound\nwords](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2526/5010)\n\n> Most Sino-Japanese words tends to resist rendaku. 保安 (ほあん; safety-keeping) +\n> 検査 (けんさ; inspection) = 保安検査 (ほあんけんさ; safety inspection), not ほあんげんさ. (But\n> some words accept rendaku. 株式 (かぶしき; stock) + 会社 (かいしゃ; company) = 株式会社\n> (かぶしきがいしゃ; roughly corresponds to “business corporation”).)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T13:08:29.480",
"id": "68057",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-07T13:25:24.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68052",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68052
|
68057
|
68057
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While reading [What's the polite way to invite someone to do\nsomething?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/64772/whats-the-\npolite-way-to-invite-someone-to-do-something), I noticed that many of the\ncomments/answers talk about how things are polite **_enough_** for an online\nchat service. Well, I'm curious what would be the proper ultra polite way to\ntalk to your far far superior superior. A way of saying it suitable for the\nsituation where you need extreme politeness. Here's a situation I'm imagining:\n\n> You are the newest employee and lowest on the corporate ladder for a huge\n> megacorporation. You are a master of all polite forms of Japanese as well as\n> being a qualified teacher of English. You by some accident are given the\n> opportunity to talk to the CEO of said megacoporation, who doesn't speak\n> English but wishes to learn. You wish to tell the CEO to feel free to\n> contact you if they have any questions about English or want to learn\n> English from you.\n\nWhat would you say in Japanese? I've come up with\n\n> 英語につきましては何なりとご連絡ください。お役に立てれば幸いです。\n\nBut I'm sure it could be made politer/more formal.\n\nP.S. I'd also be interested if say you were talking to the Emperor/Prime\nMinister/Other person of very high status if the appropriate language would\nchange. I imagine it would be different if you were a servant working for a\nhigh class family.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-07T13:02:42.660",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"phrase-requests",
"formality"
],
"title": "What's the ultra-polite way to invite someone to do something?",
"view_count": 728
}
|
[
{
"body": "There should be various ways to say what you want to say, but in the situation\nyou mention, I would say \"英語に関することで私にお役に立てることがありましたら、いつでもおっしゃってください\". It is\nnot super-super polite, but this level is politeness is appropriate for\nconversation when an employee has a chance encounter with CEO (not when you\nare asked to teach him as a part of your teaching job - in that case your\nwording would be different but the politeness should stay the same)\n\nYour \"何なりとご連絡ください\" is also very good, but it sounds a little bit business-\nlike, like a sales representative talking to a client (at least to me).\n\nAlso \"幸いです\" is often seen in written Japanese but less common in\nconversational Japanese. If I want to use 幸いです I would say \"嬉しく存じます\" instead.\n\nHowever, talking to the Emperor would be totally different. People would use\nthe highest honorific form they can think of, in other word, they would try to\nbe as stiff as possible sometimes using a literary style, sometimes pick up\nsome expressions they rarely use in normal conversation like\n\"お声をかけていただければ幸甚至極にございます\" etc.\n\nIf you are a servant, you can talk like a concierge of a high-class hotel:\n\"何かお困りのことがございましたら、何なりとお申し付けくださいませ\" but this is only appropriate when you are\nin hospitality business or at a service desk.\n\nNote that I am not a language teacher or a keigo master but a regular Japanese\nwho worked for Japanese corporations for several years. Correct me if my\nanswer contains error.",
"comment_count": 1,
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68085
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{
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"body": "how common is it for there to be sentences like 「私、死んでるよ！」or 「これ、怖い」？ is it\nsuper informal? any guidelines on when to speak like this?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T19:20:52.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68059",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-08T19:15:19.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"particles",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Sentences without topic particles?",
"view_count": 239
}
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[
{
"body": "Omission of は/を (and sometimes に) is ubiquitous in casual conversations,\nincluding not-so-serious business conversations with your colleagues.\n\n> * これ何？\n> * ペン貸して。\n> * お昼食べました？\n> * どこ行く？\n>\n\nBut if you think naturalness is important, note that something like 私 is\nusually also omitted along with は.\n\n> * 死んでる！ He's/She's/I'm dead! (after you found someone was dead, or after\n> you woke up to find yourself transformed into a zombie/ghost)\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T01:47:36.173",
"id": "68066",
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"parent_id": "68059",
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"score": 5
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68059
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68066
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68062",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I can understand the gist of what the below sentence is saying; but the part\nin the first section that's only hiragana (bolded part) is confusing me.\n\n> この寒さを **しのげそうな** 防寒服を手渡され、それを着込みながら僕は彼女に質問した。\n\nI _think_ that the そうな is a そう+な-particle, but seeing as how I don't know what\nthe しのげ that comes directly before it is, I could easily be wrong in my\nunderstanding of what the そうな hiragana in the above sentence actually means.\n\nI am unable to tell if the の is a particle の, or is a part of a しの-stem/しのげ-\nstem, which presents another issue. I've tried looking up the 'usage of げ'\nunder the assumption that しのげ is a しの-stem + げ, but nothing I found helped me.\nI did find [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1386/what-is-the-usage-\nof-%E3%81%92-and-how-does-it-differ-\nfrom-%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86-or-%E3%81%A3%E3%81%BD%E3%81%84), but I believe it\nserved to only confuse me more as the first answer says that \"...this makes 〜げ\nmore subjective whereas 〜そう is more objective...\" which means that in my\nsentence they are contradicting each other?\n\nLooking on Jisho.org gave me no results for しのげ, and a few for しの; but I still\ndon't know what the げ is used for?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-07T20:30:13.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68060",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-07T22:41:00.957",
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"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "I need some help understanding the grammar of しのげそうな in この寒さをしのげそうな防寒服を手渡され",
"view_count": 294
}
|
[
{
"body": "しのぐ (dictionary form) \"to endure\"/\"to stave off\"/\"keep out\" etc..この寒さをしのぐ =\nkeep out this cold.\n\nしのげる = potential form of しのぐ = able to keep out\n\nしのげそうな = attributive form of そうだ added to masu-stem of verb = seem to be able\nto keep out.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T21:07:09.697",
"id": "68061",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
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},
{
"body": "そうな is indeed そう + particle な, where the な here is the same noun-modifying な\nas in 綺麗な or 静かな.\n\nしのげ is the stem of しのげる, the potential form of verb 凌【しの】ぐ, \"to get through\nsomething, to endure something, to put up with something\".\n\nSo しのげそうな =\n\n * しのげ \"can get through, can endure\"\n * そう \"seems like\"\n * な (modifier particle)\n\nLooking at the first half of your sample text:\n\n> この寒さをしのげそうな防寒服を手渡され、\n\n\"This cold\" is what the verb 凌ぐ takes as its object, and here that phrase\nmodifies the 防寒服【ぼうかんふく】.\n\n> この 寒さ を しのげそう な 防寒服 を 手渡され、 \n> This cold `[OBJ]` can-endure-seems `[MOD]` against-cold-clothes `[OBJ]`\n> hand-transferred → \n> I was handed heavy winter clothes that seemed like they could stand up to\n> this cold, ...",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T21:12:31.017",
"id": "68062",
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68060
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68062
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68061
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68067",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Just started learning Japanese two weeks ago. I have so many questions. If my\nquestion sounds a little silly, please bear with me. I just learned that\nadjectives + desu and verb + imasu. But how do I know if a word is verb or\nadj. without checking dictionary every time. For example: kibun ga warui desu\n(is sick); onaka ga suite imasu (is hungry) Here, the locations of \"warui\"and\n\"suite\" in the phrase look the same to me. Literal translation is \"the feeling\nis bad\" and \"the stomach is empty\". When I try to memorize which phrase ending\nup with \"desu\", and which ending up with \"imasu\", I got very confused. Someone\ntold me the original form of \"suite\" is \"suku\". Is there any rules of verb\ntransforming to adj.?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T22:26:04.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68063",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-08T06:37:34.127",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "How does \"suku\" (empty) become \"suite\"?",
"view_count": 2709
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"Suku\" means \"become empty\". \"Suiteimasu\" is the _progessive tense_ of \"suku\"\nand means \"is empty\" here. So it is still a verb; there is only an adjective\nin the english translation. This is quite common by the way. For example \"I am\ntired\" would be \"tsukaremashita\", which is the past tense of the verb\n\"tsukareru\" and means \"became tired\".\n\nTo understand how \"suku\" becomes \"suite\", you should look up the conjugation\nrules for the te-form of verbs.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-07T23:48:57.723",
"id": "68065",
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{
"body": "After understanding the basic grammar, you can usually tell if an unfamiliar\nword is a verb or an adjective just by looking at how it's used in the\nsentence, including its conjugation pattern. You already know _masu_ only\nattaches to a verb! (Of course you can do the same thing in English, too. By\nlooking at \"You have narvolooned\", you can tell _narvoloon_ is used as a verb\neven though such a word actually does not exist.)\n\nPlease not that the very literal translation of \"Onaka ga suite imasu\" is\n\"(My) stomach has emptied\" rather than \"stomach is empty\" or \"I am hungry\".\nThere is no (transformed) adjective in this Japanese sentence. That is, in\nEnglish, an adjective is normally used to express this idea, but in Japanese,\na verb is used instead. (The opposite is also possible. You may already know\nyou have to use a na-adjective to say \"I like cats\" in Japanese.) _Imasu_ is a\nsubsidiary verb that only attaches to the [te-\nform](https://kawakawalearningstudio.com/all/exactly-te-form-japanese/) of a\nverb, and _suite_ is the te-form of the intransitive verb _suku_ meaning \"to\nbecome empty\" or \"to be less crowded\".",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-08T02:14:56.313",
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{
"body": "> But how do I know if a word is verb or adj. without checking dictionary\n> every time\n\nYou say that 'the locations of \"warui\"and \"suite\" in the phrase look the same'\nand this is for a very good reason.\n\nIn Japanese both verbs and adjectives can form the predicate of a sentence. It\nis perfectly natural and common for there to be an adjective when you would\nexpect to see a verb in English.\n\nIn English we might say \"It **is** red\", but in Japanese we would just say\n\"akai\". That single word is a fully formed sentence.\n\nWhat about the \"desu\" you ask? Surely that desu is the \"is\" part? No it isn't.\nWith an i-adjective predicate, adding desu on the end merely raises the\nformality of the sentence. akai = informal. akai desu = formal. The meaning of\n\"is\" is already contained within the adjective itself.\n\nSo if you see a word ending in \"i\" followed by desu then it cannot be a verb.\nIt is most likely an i-adjective (it could be a noun that ends in \"i\", but\nyou'll know which it is from the meaning of the word).\n\nIf the word ends in \"masu\" it is 100% guaranteed to be a verb.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T06:37:34.127",
"id": "68071",
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68063
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68067
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68074",
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"body": "I am trying to understand the dialogue being spoken by the narrative character\non the page below, specifically the fourth line of dialogue from the right in\nthe picture.\n\n> 「……さっきは何で、あんなことを？」\n\nWhat is the implied-verb represented by the sentence-ending を in the above\nsentence, or is there a trick to figuring out what that verb might be, as\nmentioned [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1209/does-the-\nparticle-%E3%82%92-wo-have-a-special-use-when-at-the-end-of-a-sentence) and\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41500/sentences-ending-\nin-%E3%82%92)？\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hYxgo.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T04:04:38.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68070",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"particle-を",
"reading-comprehension",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "What is the implied-verb represented by the sentence-ending を in the following context？",
"view_count": 189
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 何で、あんなことを? \n> Why did you ... such a ...?\n\nIf you understand the story correctly, the implied verb should be self-\nevident. What happened to him a moment before (さっき)? What is her response to\nthis question?\n\nThe omitted verb is する/やる (\"to do\").\n\n> 何で、あんなことをした(んだ)? \n> Why did you do such a thing?\n\nJudging from what's written in this page, あんなこと (\"such a thing\") refers to her\n(mock) attempt to kill the speaker with a knife.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T09:18:10.113",
"id": "68074",
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68070
|
68074
|
68074
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Is there a specific reading for 常訓 and 常音? I see this in an electronic\ndictionary to indicate on'yomi and kun'yomi reading of kanjis. What I struggle\nto find is the meaning of the combination of both kanjis (常 + 音 or 訓), is it\nmeant to be read as a single word (常訓 and 常音) or as separate kanjis? like 常訓\nmeaning maybe つね くん, regular kun'yomi?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T11:48:35.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68076",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-08T15:07:23.053",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10075",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"dictionary",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Is there a specific reading for 常訓 and 常音?",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[
{
"body": "As noted by naruto in the comments, neither of these are regular words, and\nboth look like abbreviations. I suspect that 常訓 is short for\n常用【じょうよう】訓【くん】読【よ】み, and that 常音 is short for 常用【じょうよう】音【おん】読【よ】み.\nConsequently, if sounded out, 常訓 would be じょうくん, and 常音 would be じょうおん.\n\nDictionaries are horrible when it comes to abbreviations. Historically, this\nwas due to the high cost of printing and publishing. Nowadays, with electronic\nmedia, it's a kind of pernicious inertia: there's no space restriction\nanymore, and there's no cost restriction anymore, so it would make vastly more\nsense from a usability and understandability perspective to spell things out.\nBut old habits die hard.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-08T16:21:11.327",
"id": "68081",
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68076
| null |
68081
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "this is probably a silly question, but since words with multiple kanji are\nusually read with on’yomi would that effectively make most japanese vocabulary\nloanwords? like 森林 or 図書館？i understand differences like how 本 does not mean\nbook in chinese but it just makes me wonder about how japanese these multi\nkanji words are",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T14:26:07.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68077",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-08T17:14:29.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"loanwords",
"history",
"chinese",
"linguistics"
],
"title": "Are on’yomi words loanwords?",
"view_count": 1048
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think you are answering your own question in part. Most compound words use a\nreading that derives from Chinese but remember that Japanese was its own\nlanguage already before it drew from the Chinese writing system, as far as I\nknow. It might have adopted many loanwords but it also used onyomi reading for\nmany existing Japanese words. That is, in part, why I would say that it might\nbe too much of a stretch to call all these native Japanese terms loanwords on\nthat basis alone.\n\nYou call your question silly because you recognize that you would probably be\nstretching the interpretation of what constitutes a loanword a little, but on\nthe other hand I have had similar musings about the onyomi readings and the\norigin of the Japanese writing system. It probably does make Japanese a very\nunique language that way, but I think it would be similar to calling a large\nportion of English words \"loanwords\" from Latin or Greek because one can trace\ntheir etymology to either.\n\nGoing by the narrower definition of a loanword, we usually mean terms that are\nadopted without or with little translation. There certainly are many such\nloanwords in Japanese but since most of these terms you would be including\nwith your definition had words in Japanese that were distinct from Chinese\nbefore characters were adopted for them I would say that it is simply too much\nof a stretch to call such a substantial portion of the Japanese vocabulary\nloanwords.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-08T14:51:50.023",
"id": "68078",
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},
{
"body": "As far as Japanese is concerned, loanwords (外来語) **usually** refer to words\nbrought into Japan from countries other than China and written in katakana.\nBut strictly speaking, it depends on how you define loanwords. Many on-yomi\nSino-Japanese words had been around even before Japanese people learned how to\nwrite their own native words, so IMHO it doesn't make much sense to call them\nloanwords. I suppose most English speakers do not want to call [common words\nderived from Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_influence_in_English)\nloanwords, either.\n\nHere are some definitions of 外来語.\n\n> ### [Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AA%9E)\n>\n> 外来語（がいらいご）とは、日本語における借用語のうち、漢語とそれ以前の借用語を除いたものである。(snip)\n> 日本語に入った年代の古い語や日本人の生活や文化に深く浸透したものを指す語の一部（「タバコ」「イクラ」など）も外来語と認識されないことが多い。\n\n> ###\n> [デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/37162/meaning/m0u/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AA%9E/)\n>\n> 日本語では、広義には漢語も含まれるが、狭義には、主として欧米諸国から入ってきた語をいう。\n\n> ### 名鏡国語辞典\n>\n> 中国から入ってきた漢語も広義では外来語だが、ふつう外来語とはしない。\n\n> ### 大辞林 第三版\n>\n> 広くは漢語も外来語であるが、普通は漢語以外の主として西欧語からはいってきた語をいう。\n\n> ### [loanwords](/questions/tagged/loanwords \"show questions tagged\n> 'loanwords'\") tag\n>\n> 外来語. Words brought into Japanese from languages other than Chinese.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T14:59:58.670",
"id": "68079",
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"parent_id": "68077",
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"score": 9
}
] |
68077
| null |
68079
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm redoing an older translation of mine and, within a part that I already\nfind very difficult (ie, I don't know if my sense of context is correct),\nthere's a line I can't get through.\n\nえ〜 めんどくさいな〜 どうせおれが一番強いにきまっているのに… まっ! いいかっ! バトルして正式に選んでもらえばいいもんなっ!\n\nI get to \"Eh〜 What a bother〜 And that even when it’s already been settled that\nI’m the strongest… Wait! Get this!\" and then I'm stumped. I see \"do battle\",\n\"select formally\" \"[make do favor]\" \"should\" and an emotion indicator, but I\ndon't know how to put these together. For one because the subject/object isn't\nclear to me, and for two because I think there's a mood swing (from bothered\nto arrogantly joyous) involved and I don't get the reasoning for that.\n\nThe preceding context is that the speaker finds out he won't be a seed player\nand has to participate in the preliminaries like everyone else. The one he's\nspeaking to is a friend. The friend responds with そうです! そのとおりですっ!\n\nMy guess is \"I should do battle and get them to select me formally!\", with もん\nindicating his confidence he'll win. But I'd like feedback. Thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T19:42:41.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68083",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T08:50:57.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32522",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"subjects",
"object"
],
"title": "Translation feedback request",
"view_count": 143
}
|
[
{
"body": "I feel your confusion started already from the \"Get this!\" part. This \"まっ!\nいいか!\" is not \"Listen\" nor \"Get this.\" It's something like \"Oh well\" or\n\"Whatever\" in the sense of \"On second thought, that (having to start from the\npreliminaries) is not a big problem!\"\n\nYour understanding of the sentence you asked about is actually fine:\n\n> バトルして正式に選んでもらえばいいもんなっ!\n>\n> (literally) If I battle and receive the favor of selecting me formally,\n> (that's) okay!\n>\n> → All I need to do is battle and get them to select me formally (as a\n> finalist)!\n\nThis もん is a little childish way of making an excuse or convincing someone (in\nthis case, convincing himself). It doesn't have to be translated, but it's\nlike \"come on\" or \"you know\". See: [〜ものだから 〜もの What are the\ndifferences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5648/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T05:00:02.787",
"id": "68087",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68083",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68083
| null |
68087
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68086",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been reading linguistics books lately and they've gotten me reexamining\nthings I've learned in Japanese textbooks for foreign learners.\n\nSusumu Kuno's book _The Structure of the Japanese Language_ states that you\ncan use \"stativity\" to figure out how to interpret the non-past tense form of\na verb.\n\nExample: 猫がいる (stative) = (There) IS a cat.\n\nExample 2: 店に行く (non-stative) = (I) WILL go to the store.\n\nHe states that stative verbs take the が particle under most circumstances.\nThis makes it sound like all intransitive verbs would be stative.\n\nTherefore: ドアが閉まる (stative?) = The door IS shut. (Not the door will shut)\n\n**Am I correct in thinking this?**\n\nTextbooks describe intransitive verbs with ている as describing a state that's\nalready resulted and is continuing. Transitive verbs in ている form describe an\nongoing action.\n\nTherefore:\n\nドアを閉めている = I'm shutting the door.\n\nドアが閉まっている = The door is shut (and staying that way).\n\n**Is this a correct interpretation? How would one say that the door is\nshutting by itself then (like a progressive action)?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-08T21:08:37.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68084",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T04:21:02.650",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-09T02:08:56.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "33972",
"owner_user_id": "33972",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"transitivity",
"linguistics"
],
"title": "How to interpret intransitives in non-past tense",
"view_count": 159
}
|
[
{
"body": "いる is usually used with が for the same reason English \"there is\" is usually\nfollowed by \"a(n)\" rather than \"the\"; ～がいる and \"there is a(n) ～\" are both used\nto [introduce something into the\ndiscourse](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010).\n\nBut \"a(n)\" can be used with tons of other verbs. Did your book really say you\ncan distinguish the type of a verb by looking at if it can be used with が? I\ndoubt it. Just because you can say ドアが閉まる in _some_ circumstances doesn't mean\n閉まる is a stative verb. 閉まる is an instant state-change verb (aka punctual\nverb). See: [When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the\ncontinuation of state?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)\n\nAs for the last half of your question, I believe you've gotten something\nwrong. There are many intransitive verbs that describe an ongoing action in\nteiru-form (e.g., 寝ている) and there are many transitive verbs that describe the\ncontinuation of state in teiru form (e.g., 送っている). The intransitive/transitive\ndistinction and the stative/punctual/action distinction are two different\nthings. Please do not mix them.\n\n * stative intransitive verb: いる, ある\n * stative transitive verb: 要する\n * action intransitive verb: 寝る\n * action transitive verb: 食べる, 読む\n * instant state change intransitive verb: 死ぬ\n * instant state change transitive verb: 送る, 始める",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T04:21:02.650",
"id": "68086",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68084",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68084
|
68086
|
68086
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68097",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was surfing online for Japanese articles and chanced upon this sentence:\n初めて飛行機に乗ったうちの子どもは静かに **座っていられませんでした** which translates to: my child who sat on\na plane for the first time, couldn't sit quietly.\n\nA question that popped in my mind immediately was, if I were to say:\n初めて飛行機に乗ったうちの子どもは静かに **座れませんでした** wouldn't this mean exactly the same thing?\nIf so, under what circumstances would one be preferable over the other",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T05:31:10.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68088",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T17:41:58.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Difference between using ていない/ている and just ない/る when used with potential (られる) form",
"view_count": 136
}
|
[
{
"body": "I might be mistaken, but I think `初めて飛行機に乗ったうちの子どもは静かに座っていられませんでした` means that\nthe child was unable to stay seated quietly during the flight and\n`初めて飛行機に乗ったうちの子どもは静かに座れませんでした` describes the more **acute** situation of not\nbeing able to sit down and be quiet (short action).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T06:09:48.137",
"id": "68089",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T06:09:48.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31624",
"parent_id": "68088",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "This is essentially about the difference between 座る and 座っている.\n\n座る refers to a _motion_ : \"to sit down (from a standing position)\" or \"to have\na seat\". Thus 静かに座る means to sit down slowly without making a noise, as\nopposed to throwing yourself into a seat. 静かに座れなかった is its negative-potential-\npast form, but this is not what you want to say.\n\n座っている refers to a state (the result of the motion): \"to be in a sitting\nposition\" or \"to stay seated\". 静かに座っている means to stay seated quietly.\n静かに座っていられなかった is its negative-potential-past form.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T17:36:46.980",
"id": "68097",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68088",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68088
|
68097
|
68097
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68092",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to know how to say Developer in Japanese. By Developer, Specifically a\nweb Developer, Programmer or Coder.\n\nWhen I googled it initially, I got:\n\n> デベロッパー\n\nAnd then I found a Kanji:\n\n> 開発者\n\nI know context is also very important in Japanese so I was wondering if the\nabove are correct for developer and which would be better to use for this\noccasion.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T10:16:41.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68090",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T16:14:33.577",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-09T16:14:33.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "32275",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"nuances",
"katakana",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"Developer\" In Japanese?",
"view_count": 1568
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both are perfectly correct, and the difference is small. But, as you said,\ncontext is very important, and we need much more context to say which is\nbetter. In what kind of context do you want to say \"(web) developer\"? In\ngeneral, 開発者 is a relatively stiffer and more traditional word, and it may be\npreferred in news articles and official government documents. On the other\nhand, デベロッパー may sound a little more \"catchy\", and it may be preferred in\nevent names, product names and such. (エンジニア is another word which is gaining\nmore and more popularity, and you may want to consider this if you are\nthinking of recruiting a good frontend engineer, for example.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T10:44:48.887",
"id": "68092",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T12:03:10.920",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-09T12:03:10.920",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68090",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68090
|
68092
|
68092
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "What's the difference between でない and ではない. I've read some websites. Some\nwebsites say that if I use only でない (in some case) it will be awkward.\n\nI currently know that this is a combination between particle で and は. And I\nunderstand that は is used just to emphasize the topic.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T10:34:08.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68091",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T13:44:09.933",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-09T13:44:09.933",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Difference でない and ではない",
"view_count": 318
}
|
[] |
68091
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68111",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I’m going to Japan this summer and staying with a host family. I am a non-\nbinary/gender-nonconforming person and I need to tell the program I’m going\nthrough in order to place me with a host family. Only problem: I don’t know a\nword for this, and neither does my Japanese teacher! Does anyone know a way to\ntell my host family I’m not a boy or a girl?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T15:18:47.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68093",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-15T19:59:49.377",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-09T16:13:42.030",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9946",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Is there a word for non-binary in Japanese?",
"view_count": 6185
}
|
[
{
"body": "This concept itself is not widely recognized in Japan at least at the moment.\nMost Japanese people vaguely know that the concept of gender is rapidly\nchanging over the sea, but I have seen mixed reactions to it. There is no\nguarantee that Japanese people will accept the Western concept of gender in\nthe near future.\n\nHere are words used mainly in LGBT communities, most of which are direct\nborrowings from English. But whichever word you use, you'll probably have to\nexplain its meaning.\n\n * ノンバイナリージェンダー\n * 第3の性\n * Xジェンダー (this seems to be a wasei-eigo term; [Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC))\n * ジェンダークィア\n\nFor what it's worth, I am a native Japanese speaker, and I remember I have\nseen 第3の性 in some online news articles about European countries. The others\nwere totally unfamiliar words to me.\n\nIMHO, if you need to fill some form, writing その他 (\"other\") as a starter is\nanother reasonable option. The aforementioned terms can appear to be fairly\nunfamiliar, technical or maybe even a little oppressing, and some people may\ntake it unnecessarily seriously even before you meet them.\n\nRelated: [How to say \"marriage\nequality\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34518/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T07:44:12.120",
"id": "68111",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-10T11:35:49.373",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68093",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "I think this will help you with your question <https://hinative.com/en-\nUS/questions/329341>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-08-15T19:59:49.377",
"id": "80160",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-15T19:59:49.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40016",
"parent_id": "68093",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
68093
|
68111
|
68111
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was struggling with this sentence from Yoshimoto Banana story called ミイラ\n\n> ...それは普通のセックス **で** 普通に気持ちいいというものではなくて、何か歪んだ喜びだった。\n\nMy translation: it was kind of perverted pleasure, (何か歪んだ喜びだった) it was\nordinary sex (それは普通のセックスで) (but) it wasn’t ordinarily pleasant\n(普通に気持ちいいというものではなくて)\n\nHow can I tell if というものではなくて negates only 普通に気持ちいい or if it also negates\nそれは普通のセックスで? (so the translation would be \"it wasn’t ordinary sex) Would there\nbe a comma? Or am I getting this completely wrong?\n\nI know this is kind of confused! Thank you so much for any help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T16:16:26.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68094",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-19T07:05:10.483",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-09T16:53:29.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "33978",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"sentence"
],
"title": "Is で marking end of the sentence in this case?",
"view_count": 201
}
|
[
{
"body": "You have parsed it wrong. That で in bold is not a copula (だ) but a simple case\nparticle that marks a means/method/reason. 普通のセックスで here means \"by/from\n(having) a normal sex\".\n\n> それは［｛普通のセックス **で** 普通に気持ちいい｝というもの］ではなくて、…\n>\n> (Very literally: It was not an I-am-ordinarily-pleasant- **by** -having-an-\n> ordinary-sex thing, but ...)\n>\n> → It was not an ordinary pleasure of an ordinary sex, but ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T17:02:24.453",
"id": "68095",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-09T20:36:54.780",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68094",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68094
| null |
68095
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68105",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 受話器を置き、口ひげをなでながら、ダーズリー氏は考えた。 \n> He put the receiver down and, while stroking his moustache, Mr Dursely\n> thought. \n> ------ **まさか、自分はなんて愚かなんだ** 。 \n> _I'm being stupid_\n\nI'm really stuck on the line in bold.\n\nSo I guess I can translate まさか as \"really\". I think it intensifies the rest of\nthe sentence. Is this right?\n\nI think なんて in this case is \"how...\" so まさか、なんて愚かなんだ would be \"Really! How\nstupid I am!\"\n\nSo, if what I've got so far isn't gibberish, I don't know how to fit in the\n自分は part. Literally I suppose it would be \"Really! As for myself, how stupid I\nam!\".\n\nBut, is 自分は really necessary? Why? How should I think about it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-09T20:37:06.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68100",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-10T07:28:58.033",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-10T07:28:58.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Understanding 自分は in this sentence (and other potential gross misunderstandings)",
"view_count": 158
}
|
[
{
"body": "Translating this まさか as \"Really!\" is not wrong, but may be a bit too weak. I\nfeel it's closer to \"That can't be!\", \"Unbelievable!\", \"I never dreamed of\nit!\", etc. It's not an intensifier but an interjection-like expression on its\nown. That is, it's not directly connected to the remaining part of the\nsentence.\n\n自分は is necessary in this case. This is because まさか works as a comment about\nthe surprising news he just heard. Without 自分は that explicitly switches the\ntopic, the last half of the sentence would mean \"How stupid it/he/she is!\",\nreferring to the news. Compare:\n\n> まさか、なんて愚かなんだ! \n> Unbelievable! How stupid! (←this refers to the news itself)\n>\n> まさか、自分はなんて愚かなんだ! \n> Unbelievable! How stupid I am! (←he is disappointed at himself because he\n> could not think of the possibility of what he heard)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T01:58:22.483",
"id": "68105",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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}
] |
68100
|
68105
|
68105
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I just want to learn one pronunciation for each kanji, because I want to write\nthem with a keyboard. Or do I have to learn all the pronunciations for each\nkanji?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T01:23:40.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68102",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Is it acceptable to learn just one pronunciation for each kanji?",
"view_count": 683
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you only want to be able to type into a Japanese keyboard and get kanji\nout, then you only need to know one reading of the character - but you'll need\nto know _which_ character you're looking for, because there can be multiple\ncharacters with the same reading and different meanings (and sometimes they\ncan be very close, like 会う{あう} and 合う{あう}).\n\nHowever, if you're trying to develop your understanding of Japanese outside of\njust making characters appear, then it would really help to start learning the\nmultiple readings of characters, especially in terms of being able to read\ndifferent compound words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T02:19:27.280",
"id": "68108",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "The IME will propose _kanji_ based on the pronunciation you type and on\ncontext. The way you describe it, context cannot be used (e.g. trying to use a\n_kanji_ in a compound but knowing only the _kun'yomi_ ) and you will have to\npick _kanji_ one by one yourself (the software will be of no help). And\n(especially with _on'yomi_ ) there can be dozens of _kanji_ with the same\npronunciation to waddle through.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-10T11:22:44.497",
"id": "68112",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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{
"body": "If you ever want to read Japanese, you'll need to know all of the kanji\nreadings.\n\nEven if you only want to be able to input Japanese, it'll be a lot easier if\nyou know all of the kanji readings.\n\nAn alternative way of looking at your question is to rephrase it by analogy to\nEnglish:\n\n> Is it acceptable to learn just one pronunciation for each letter?\n\nThink about it. How many ways are there to pronounce, say, the letter **g**?\n\n * sin **g**\n * **g** iraffe\n * **g** round\n * kni **g** ht\n * rou **g** h\n\nI'm sure I'm missing one or two. But that should hopefully provide a hint as\nto why learning to read, and learning to write, cannot be reduced to a single\npronunciation for each letter (or kanji).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T21:30:13.533",
"id": "68118",
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{
"body": "It is completely acceptable, depending on what your goals are.\n\nFor instance, I do not bother to learn even one of the readings for any Kanji,\nbut I rather learn Kanji just inside of words, with the pronunciation of the\nword as a whole with their Kanji. The readings eventually settle in your mind\nonce you have learnt several words that make use of one particular Kanji. This\nway works well for me, so it is acceptable _for me_.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-12T15:29:07.267",
"id": "68155",
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68102
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68108
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68104",
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"body": "There are many explanations of t-form at the end of the sentence on internet\nlike:\n\n1) Connecting to other clauses, or if there is no continuation, expressing\nthat you want to continue.[て form at end of phrase but not being used for\nrequests](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/60762/%E3%81%A6-form-\nat-end-of-phrase-but-not-being-used-for-requests)\n\n2) Expressing \"while\" \"when\" or \"although\" [What is the use of て-form at the\nend of this\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/51740/what-is-the-use-\nof-%E3%81%A6-form-at-the-end-of-this-sentence)\n\n3) Short way to say ...てください [Using て form at the end of\nsentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12026/using-%E3%81%A6-form-\nat-the-end-of-sentences)\n\n4) Giving a reason [Why is there て form at the end of the\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/48946/why-is-\nthere-%E3%81%A6-form-at-the-end-of-the-sentence?rq=1)\n\nHowever, I can't understand this dialogue:\n\n> Bulma: あんた女の人みたことないの?\n\nHaven't you ever seen a women?\n\n> Goku: 人間みたのもはじめてだ\n\nIt's the first time I see a human too.\n\n> 死んだじいちゃんがいってたぞ\n\nMy dead grandfather said/needed\n\n> もしもおまえが女とであうことがあったらやさしくして **やれって**\n\nIf you, meeting a women, unite/live, while been able to treat her kindly /be\nable to treat her kindly!...\n\nWhat is the meaning of the t-form on this one?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-10T01:35:41.867",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "The meaning of a て-form verb at the end of this sentence",
"view_count": 1681
}
|
[
{
"body": "The te-form of the verb やる is やって. やれって is not a te-form but やれ (the\nimperative form of やる, which can conclude a sentence on its own) followed by\nって.\n\nThis って is a colloquial version of quotative-と, and it's used in relation to\n言ってたぞ in the previous sentence.\n\n> 死んだじいちゃんがいってたぞ。もしもおまえが女とであうことがあったらやさしくしてやれって。\n>\n> ≒ 死んだじいちゃんが「もしもおまえが女とであうことがあったらやさしくしてやれ」と言ってたぞ。\n>\n> My dead grandfather was saying this: \"If you should meet a woman, be kind to\n> her.\"\n\nSee:\n\n * [と、て、って Quoting Particle Usage](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3913/5010)\n * [What is って in どうかしらって?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54773/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-10T01:44:50.477",
"id": "68104",
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}
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68103
|
68104
|
68104
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68110",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across this sentence while reading Osamu Dazai's Ningen Shikkaku. The\nsentence is pretty long, so I have only included the relevant part.\n\n>\n> あまりに人間を恐怖している人たちは、かえって、もっともっと、おそろしい妖怪を確実にこの眼で見たいと願望するに到る心理、神経質な、ものにおびえ易い人ほど、暴風雨の更に\n> **強からん** 事を祈る心理、ああ、この一群の画家たちは...\n\nWhen I searched it online, I came across\n[this](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1441141194)\narticle on Chiebukuro which says:\n\n> 「推量」になりますが、ヨーロッパの言語でいう接続法などに近い用法です。\n\n「ん」 in 「らん」 becomes some kind of guess or conjecture here. But what I do not\nunderstand is, what kind of form is 「強から」.\n\n「強か」 is a な-adjective but I am confused as to what the that bold part in the\nsentence means and how it fits in the overall context of the larger sentence.\n\nComplete sentence for reference:\n\n>\n> あまりに人間を恐怖している人たちは、かえって、もっともっと、おそろしい妖怪を確実にこの眼で見たいと願望するに到る心理、神経質な、ものにおびえ易い人ほど、暴風雨の更に強からん事を祈る心理、ああ、この一群の画家たちは、人間という化け物に傷めつけられ、おびやかされた揚句の果、ついに幻影を信じ、白昼の自然の中に、ありありと妖怪を見たのだ、しかも彼等は、それを道化などでごまかさず、見えたままの表現に努力したのだ、竹一の言うように、敢然と「お化けの絵」をかいてしまったのだ、ここに将来の自分の、仲間がいる、と自分は、涙が出たほどに興奮し、\n> 「僕も画くよ。お化けの絵を画くよ。地獄の馬を、画くよ」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T03:00:46.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68109",
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"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"adjectives",
"word-usage",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "What does らん in 「強からん事を祈る」 mean?",
"view_count": 1396
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 強し{つよし} - [base\n> adjective](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E5%BC%B7%E3%81%97)\n>\n> 強から - 未然形\n>\n> 強からむ = 未然形 + auxiliary [む](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%80)\n>\n> 強からん = 未然形 + auxiliary む with sound change\n\nAs the thing in Chiebukuro says, む is usually used to express\nvolitional/speculation. I think in this case, it doesn't add too much to the\nmeaning and that 暴風雨の更に強からん事を祈る means `to pray for stronger/more dangerous\nstorms.`",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T03:46:48.543",
"id": "68110",
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"body": "Adding onto Ringil's post.\n\n# The crux of the question\n\n> what I do not understand is, what kind of form is 「強から」.\n\nTo understand this, we need to look more deeply into how い adjectives can be\ninflected or conjugated.\n\n## Some background: inflected forms of い adjectives\n\nAs Ringil notes, this derives from base adjective 強【つよ】し (classical terminal\n[sentence-ending] form), modern 強【つよ】い.\n\nIn Classical Japanese, the い adjectives had two inflection patterns. One of\nthese evolved into the modern one you're probably familiar with, and is\ngenerally called the 本【ほん】活用【かつよう】 or \"main\" conjugation.\n\n### The \"main\" conjugation pattern for Classical い adjectives: ク活用【かつよう】\n\nAnother name for this pattern is ク活用【かつよう】, so-named for the adverbial form\nending in く. Japanese grammars distinguish this from the シク活用【かつよう】, used for\nthose い adjectives that end in しい, like 美【うつく】しい or 素晴【すば】らしい. (We won't go\ninto the シク活用 pattern here.)\n\n * 強し - the 終止形【しゅうしけい】 or terminal form, used to end a sentence or clause\n * 強き - the 連体形【れんたいけい】 or attributive form, used to modify a noun \n→ As Classical evolved into modern, the attributive lost the //-k-// to end in\njust //-i//, and then the attributive replaced the terminal.\n\n * 強く - the 連用形【れんようけい】 or adverbial form, used to modify a verb or clause, or otherwise indicate the manner \n * School grammars also list the 未然形【みぜんけい】 or irrealis (\"hasn't happened yet, or hasn't completed yet\") form, mostly used for the negative. For い adjectives, this is the same as the adverbial.\n * 強けれ - the 已然形【いぜんけい】 or realis (\"has happened already\") form, most commonly used in modern Japanese for the conditional ば \n * There isn't any 命令形【めいれいけい】 or imperative form for い adjectives.\n\nThe \"other\" conjugation pattern for Classical い adjectives: カリ活用【かつよう】\n\nThis other inflection pattern has mostly disappeared from the modern language,\noutside of some set phrases. This pattern is called the カリ活用【かつよう】 or \" _kari_\n\" conjugation.\n\n * There isn't any 終止形【しゅうしけい】 or terminal form\n * 強かる - the 連体形【れんたいけい】 or attributive form, used to modify a noun \n * 強かり - the 連用形【れんようけい】 or adverbial form, used to modify a verb or clause, or otherwise indicate the manner \n * 強から - the 未然形【みぜんけい】 or irrealis (\"hasn't happened yet, or hasn't completed yet\") form, mostly used with the negative and certain other auxiliaries\n * There isn't any 已然形【いぜんけい】 or realis form for the _kari_ pattern.\n * 強かれ - the 命令形【めいれいけい】 or imperative form\n\nThis _kari_ conjugation is actually a contraction, formed from the regular く\nadverbial ending + the various inflections of あり (the Classical \"to be\" verb,\nas found in modern あります). This is also where we get the modern \"past tense\"\nfor い adjectives -- forms like 強かった are contractions of 強く + あった.\n\n## Your problem word: 強からん\n\nAs we see above in the _kari_ conjugation pattern, 強から is the 未然形【みぜんけい】 or\nirrealis stem used with the negative and certain auxiliaries. This 強から is\nessentially 強く + あら, where あら in turn is the 未然形【みぜんけい】 or irrealis stem of あり\n(modern ある).\n\nThe ん on the end is a contraction, in this case, of the suppositional /\nvolitional auxliary む. This attaches to the 未然形. Over time, this //-amu//\nending became the modern suppositional / volitional ending //-oː//.\n\n_(I've delved into these historical sound changes in む[in a different\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57702/the-yomikata-\nof-%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89/57705#57705); please read that for more detail.)_\n\nSo 強からん = 強からむ = 強く + あらむ = (in modern Japanese) 強いだろう.\n\n## Side note: 強か\n\nYou mention:\n\n> 「強か」 is a な-adjective\n\nIn that case, the reading is したたか. While a valid reading, that form doesn't\nfit the grammar of the sentence, since then we'd have 強【したた】からん, and there is\nno らん or らむ ending that attaches straight onto the root of な adjectives.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-10T21:20:08.140",
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68109
|
68110
|
68117
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm not sure if it is an adjective meaning strong, a noun meaning intention or\nneither.\n\nHere is the sentence I came across.\n\n> 僕なんとしても選手になりたかったので申しこむと沼田さんが腕ずくで **こい** というから...\n\nAdditional context:\n\nThe story started when people found Numata, who was unconscious, and the\nspeaker was there with him. The speaker then told them:\n\n> けんかじゃありません\n>\n> 寮対抗の予選試合をやったんです\n>\n> 僕なんとしても選手になりたかったので申しこむと沼田さんが腕ずくでこいというから...\n>\n> グローブではめて段平先生に教えられたとおりにしたら..こうなっちゃったんです\n\nIt surprised the others because the speaker was a novice at boxing, and Numata\nis the one who was supposed to represent the dormitory in a boxing competition\nbut lost to him.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T13:30:28.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68113",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-15T09:42:40.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "34007",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「こい」mean?",
"view_count": 1032
}
|
[
{
"body": "Here, it means「（腕{うで}ずくで）来{こ}い」, or \"come (by force)\".\n\nGiven the context (an informal boxing match to determine the representative\nboxer of the dormitory), it can literally mean \"Come at me\", in the sense of\n\"Show me what you've got.\". A different translation with the same underlying\nmeaning would be \"(If you want to participate in boxing competitions,) then\nprove your strength.\" It could also mean something like\n\n> 「腕{うで}ずくでリングに上{あ}がって来{こ}い」\n\nwhich could literally mean \"get inside the ring\" or more figuratively\nsomething along the lines of \"rise to the same stage / same level\", i.e.\nsomething along the lines of\n\n> 「試合{しあい}に出{だ}させてもらえるよう、腕前{うでまえ}を証明{しょうめい}しろ」\n>\n> \"Prove your skill, if you want to participate in competitions.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-15T08:02:21.857",
"id": "68245",
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}
] |
68113
| null |
68245
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68119",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across this statement involving さえ.\n\n私はAKB48が全然分からない。一番有名な人さえ名前がわからない。\n\nMy question is: Is there a general rule as to where you can place さえ?\n\nWhat about: 一番有名な人の名前さえ分からない。What is the meaning of that?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T14:17:10.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68114",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-10T21:40:34.820",
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"owner_user_id": "11033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"parsing",
"reading-comprehension",
"word-order",
"particle-さえ"
],
"title": "placement of さえ",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you may know, 「さえ」 corresponds to the word \"even\" in English.\n\nThe sentence 「一番有名な人の名前さえ分からない」 means \"I don't know even the name of the most\nfamous person\" or \"I don't know the name of even the most famous person\" (I\ndon't know whether they are correct sentences, but I think they make sense to\nyou).\n\nIn English, people place the word \"even\" before the object, \"the most famous\nperson\" in this case, but 「さえ」 is placed after the object in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T15:59:33.007",
"id": "68116",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-10T15:59:33.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33991",
"parent_id": "68114",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "As rapier notes, さえ roughly means \"even, also\" and functions in Japanese a bit\nlike a stronger version of も. The さえ particle [derives from the verb\n添【そ】える](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-508751) \"to add on to\nsomething else, to attach to something else\". If you want to use this\nparticle, it should go in the same place you'd put the も. You can even use\nthem together, in which case the さえ comes first: さえも.\n\nTo demonstrate the meaning, let's look at your two example sentences, parsing\nthem out and diving into the meaning.\n\n> 一番有名な人[さ]{●}[え]{●}名前がわからない。 \n> 一番 有名 な 人 [さ]{●}[え]{●} 名前 が わからない。 \n> Number-one famous `[ATTRIBUTIVE]` person/people **even** name `[SUBJECT]`\n> understand-not \n> Even the most famous people, and I don't know the name.\n>\n> 一番有名な人の名前[さ]{●}[え]{●}分からない。 \n> 一番 有名 な 人 の 名前 [さ]{●}[え]{●} 分からない。 \n> Number-one famous `[ATTRIBUTIVE]` person/people `[POSSESSIVE]` name\n> **even** understand-not \n> I don't know even the most famous people's names.\n\nThe meanings are close, but as you can see, the emphasis is different. In the\nsecond example, it comes across as if the speaker doesn't know a lot of\nthings, and the famous name is just one of those many things.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T21:39:36.597",
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"score": 5
}
] |
68114
|
68119
|
68119
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68120",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've already learned how to use これ以上 when it means \"beyond this\" or further\nthan this\". But I'm confused as what it means in this particular context I\ncame across.\n\nI've been reading a sports manga. For context a girl cooks lunch for her\nfriend once to motivate him to attend practice. The friend then adds another\nrequest on top of that, being for her buy him tea. The girl then says this.\n\nこれ以上するなら全国行かないと許しませんから...\n\nWhat confuses me here is whether これ以上する suggests that she'll do this more in\nthe future (cooking lunch and buying tea) OR she's only saying she'll do it\nthis time without promising to do it more in the future (the original promise\nwas only cooking lunch once).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T15:57:14.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68115",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How does これ以上する work in this particular context?",
"view_count": 198
}
|
[
{
"body": "While you might be able to construct a context where the former meaning (that\nshe'll do this more in the future) made sense, the latter (that she'll do this\nnow) is much more natural given the context you provided.\n\nTranslating very literally, the line comes out to:\n\n> If I'm going to do any more than this I won't forgive you unless you* make\n> it to nationals\n\nIn more natural English, this might look something like:\n\n> If I'm gonna do all this you'd* better make it to nationals\n\nUltimately though the point she's trying to make is just that if she's going\nto go through all this trouble, she wants him to make it to nationals.\n\nNote that if they're both on the same team/in the same sports club, the\nimplied subject that I wrote as `you` could very easily be a `we`. Also, if\nyou're wondering where \"nationals\" came from: `全国` here is an abbreviation for\nthe `全国大会` in whatever sport they're playing, in the same way we say\n`nationals` for `national championships` in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-10T21:40:56.503",
"id": "68120",
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"parent_id": "68115",
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"score": 2
}
] |
68115
|
68120
|
68120
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68126",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "こんにちはー。\n\n私はこの間、春の夜の星座を描いてみました。きれいな形が好きで、覚えたいんです。でも、この絵は、「空の地図」と呼んだらいいですか？\n\n地図 = 地 + 図 ですが、空は、ちがいます。そういえば、「空の図」でいいですか？\n\nどんな言葉が合っていますか？教えてください(^-^)\n\n日本語で質問してみましたが、間違いを許してください( _´∀｀_ )",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T03:43:06.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68124",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T18:10:18.230",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-11T18:10:18.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "3073",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "About the word 地図",
"view_count": 418
}
|
[
{
"body": "ズバリ「星図」という言葉があります。小学校の理科の授業で習う言葉です。\n\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/星図](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%9B%B3)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T04:11:11.707",
"id": "68126",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T04:11:11.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68124",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
68124
|
68126
|
68126
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68132",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't understand the function of と when used with と続きます\n\nFrom this sentence in my textbook:\n\n> 1.\n> 世界で一番インスタントラーメンをたくさん食べる国は中国で451.7億食、その次はインドネシアの137.0億食、日本の51.0億食、アメリカの43.2億食、ベトナムの39.1億食、韓国の33.4億食\n> **と** 続きます。\n>\n\nI also found another similar sentence online:\n\n> 2. トップのリーダーは犬の行動学では「アルファ」と呼ばれ、以下「ベータ」「ガンマ」 **と** 続きます。\n>\n\nWhen referring to these resources, I'm not sure under which meaning と takes:\n\n[ デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154670/meaning/m0u/)\n\n[How is と used in these\nsentences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57038/how-\nis-%E3%81%A8-used-in-these-sentences/57077#57077)\n\nIf I had to guess, maybe it's used as a defining/quoting particle?\n\n（文や句をそのまま受けて）動作・作用・状態の内容を表す。引用の「と」。「正しい―いう結論に達する」\n\nIf so, I'm not sure how it fits in to the definition above.\n\nWhat function does と take in these sentences?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T04:00:38.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68125",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T07:54:51.120",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-11T04:17:06.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "27851",
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage",
"nuances",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Function of と when used with 続く",
"view_count": 629
}
|
[
{
"body": "This と before 続く is a \"friend\" of quotative-と. If I have to choose one, it\ncorresponds to this definition of デジタル大辞泉.\n\n> 2. （文や句をそのまま受けて）動作・作用・状態の内容を表す。引用の「と」。\n>\n\nIt says と can broadly mark \"the content of an action/effect/state\". The well-\nknown quotative-と is actually a subset of this type of と. I don't know how\nthis is usually taught to Japanese learners, but in my own words, this type of\nと is a \"content descriptor\" or \"concrete-description- _to_ \".\n\nHere are some examples of such atypical, \"quotative-like\" と:\n\n * ピアノでドレミファソ **と** 弾いた。\n * ゲームパッドで「上、下、左、右、B、A」 **と** 押してください。\n * このドレスは19,800円 **と** かなり安い。(see [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/63297/5010), too)\n * 彼は縞模様のシャツにリュックサック **と** 典型的なオタクの格好だ。\n * 1時間、2時間 **と** 待ったが誰も来なかった。\n * 今朝はパン、オムレツ、サラダ、牛乳 **と** たくさん食べた。\n * 最近はブルー、ピンク、ゴールド **と** 様々な色のiPhoneが売られている。\n * 彼は3月、5月、9月 **と** 中国に旅行した。\n\nAs you can see, と appears when you describe a verb/adjective using either a\nconcrete number or a concrete sequence/list of items. It's somewhat akin to\nEnglish \"like\" or \"namely\". You may find this と more or less similar to と used\nto form adverbs from onomatopoeias and some descriptive nouns (e.g, キラキラと,\n堂々と, ...).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T13:09:25.987",
"id": "68132",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T07:54:51.120",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-12T07:54:51.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68125",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
] |
68125
|
68132
|
68132
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "i understand that they’re short forms of なければ and なくて but i don’t understand\nthe different nuances between them. thanks!\n\nex.\n\n勉強しなきゃ。 vs 勉強しなくちゃ。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T04:32:49.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68127",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T12:02:41.427",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-11T05:54:12.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "33900",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between なきゃand なくちゃ",
"view_count": 347
}
|
[] |
68127
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68145",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "would this be 〜なくていい？\n\nI don’t have to study - 勉強しなくていい？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T06:27:33.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68128",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T08:16:47.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Saying “I don’t have to...”",
"view_count": 4916
}
|
[
{
"body": "That is correct.「～する必要はない」(lit. \"There is no need to (...)\")\nor「～しなくても大丈夫」(lit. \"I'll be fine even if I don't (...)\") are some\nalternatives. They have different connotations, so which one you would want to\nuse depends on the actual detailed context where you would use the phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T08:16:47.800",
"id": "68145",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68128
|
68145
|
68145
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There are several uses of the small っ:\n\n * Compounds with the first _kanji_ ending in つ or ending in consonant + 'u' with the second _kanji_ beginning with the same consonant: the elision of the 'u' happens naturally and ended up being written\n * Euphonic modifications (e.g. -て form)\n * Foreign words in _katakana_ aiming at matching foreign pronunciation\n\nAre there others? Is it always phonetic (e.g. elision) or are there other\npossible reasons? When in history did this happen? Can it also happen inside\n_kun'yomi_ words (ignoring grammatical aspects)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T06:47:24.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68129",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-09T22:00:55.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"history",
"phonology"
],
"title": "Origin of the small っ",
"view_count": 279
}
|
[
{
"body": "The history has been [covered\npreviously](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/39312/why-\nwas-%E3%81%A4-originally-used-to-mark-consonant-gemination-when-was-that) as\nmentioned in a comment by broccoli forest, so I'll answer your question about\nits usage.\n\nSo:\n\n * Yes, it can be used in kun-yomi, even if combinations like 掻っ攫う are ignored.「全く」,「[全{まっと}うする](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%85%A8%E3%81%86%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-634990)」 and 「[驀地{まっしぐら}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%A9%80%E5%9C%B0-600357)」 are the only ones I could come up with off the top of my head, but I'm sure I've seen other similar words as well.\n * Another usage is to express a \"sharp\" tone. E.g.「くそッ」would indicate a 'sharper' or more 'intense' tone than「くそ」(which could in some cases be spoken with a relaxed/flat tone as well). [Link to relevant question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1457/what-does-the-little-%E3%81%A3-tsu-signify-when-at-the-end-of-a-word).\n * The sokuon is also commonly used to indicate glottal stop (or really, a sound that kind of resembles a glottal stop), e.g. as a reaction that indicates shock or exasperation or some other strong emotional response that is not converted into words for one reason or another. In actual use it can look like 「っ……」or「っ……！」etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T20:53:13.070",
"id": "68158",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T20:53:13.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68129",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68129
| null |
68158
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I struggle a lot to understand this sentence :\n\n願い叶うのならひと目で **いいから**\n\nI can't find any coherence with the first part of the sentence.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T11:34:29.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68131",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T13:55:48.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33998",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of いいから in this sentence?",
"view_count": 417
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 願い叶うのならひと目でいいから \n> If someone makes my wish come true, only a single glance will do, so\n> (please let me see you!)\n\n * ひと目 is \"glance\" or \"seeing for a very short time\" rather than \"first sight\".\n * ～でいい is a construction to express your minimal desire. \"(something) is not ideal but acceptable\" or \"～ will at least do\". See: [What is the difference between それでいい and それがいい here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17851/5010)\n * から is a reason marker. I translated it as \"so\" here. から is usually followed by a result/conclusion part, but it's omitted in this case. Although her wish is not directly mentioned, it is self-evident if we have access to the [full lyrics](https://genius.com/Taeyeon-voice-lyrics). She wants to see the person she loves, and that's her 願い (\"wish\") here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T13:55:48.537",
"id": "68133",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T13:55:48.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68131",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68131
| null |
68133
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68135",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I ran along this sentence while reading a novel online. To put it into\ncontext, 3 guys were drinking beer at home to celebrate something. Guy 1 had\nhis arm around Guy 2's neck in a friendly way. Guy 2 then said this.\n\n早く外さねーとオトされっぞ\n\nI'm slightly beyond a beginner in terms of a japanese but the only part I\nunderstand here is the 早く. As far as I know, 外さねー has mupltiple meanings and\nthe biggest problem is I don't know what オト here is supposed to be.\n\nIf this info helps at all, Guy 2 was in his 20s while Guy 1 was in his 30s",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T14:31:54.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68134",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T15:24:24.610",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"slang"
],
"title": "What does オト mean here?",
"view_count": 452
}
|
[
{
"body": "A verb is often written in katakana when a slangy/tricky meaning is intended\n(e.g., ヤる = \"to kill, to f**k\", シメる = \"to torture\", イく = \"to trip (with\ndrug)\"). This オト is part of the verb 落とす. See the seventh definition of [落とす\non jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/%20%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A8%E3%81%99%20):\n\n> 7. to make someone swoon (judo) Martial arts term\n>\n\n外さ[ねー](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18454/5010)と is 外さないと, and 外す here\nmeans \"to release/unlock\".\n\n> 早く外さねーとオトされっぞ。 \n> = 早く外さないと落とされるぞ。 \n> If [I/you] don't get rid soon, [I/you] will be made unconscious.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T14:57:43.870",
"id": "68135",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T15:24:24.610",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-11T15:24:24.610",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68134",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68134
|
68135
|
68135
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68137",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've gathered that と思う means to think about but isn't it a little redundant to\nadd the みたい？\n\n> 彼らに聞いてみたいと思います。\n\nThe みたい adds the sense of looking like or seeming but so does 思う so I don't\nquite understand the combination! Any thoughts?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T15:08:26.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68136",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T00:57:02.390",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-13T00:57:02.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of「〜てみたいと思います」",
"view_count": 878
}
|
[
{
"body": "You've gotten the みたい part wrong. What you are seeing is a subsidiary verb\n(～て)みる, which means \"to try doing something (and see what happens)\". See:\n[What is the difference between \"verb＋て＋みる\" and\n\"verb＋(よ)う+とする\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19038/5010) みたい meaning\n\"to seem / look like\" never follows a te-form.\n\n * 聞く \"to ask\"\n * 聞いてみる \"to try asking\"\n * 聞いてみたい \"to want to try asking\"\n\n> 彼らに聞いてみたいと思います。 \n> (very literally) I think I want to try asking them. \n> I think I'm going to ask them (and see if that can solve our problem).\n\nYou may be still wondering if ～たい and と思う are similar and thus redundant, but\nit's a common way to say one's plan or wish. See: [〜たいと思う -- What does this\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/49163/5010) and [Different ways to\nshow intention to do\nsomething](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5005/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T15:16:09.217",
"id": "68137",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T15:27:00.027",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-11T15:27:00.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68136",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
68136
|
68137
|
68137
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68139",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been reading 『ひこばえ』, a novel that's being serialized on the Asahi Shinbun\nwebsite, and yesterday I came across a bit of dialogue that I'm finding\nsomewhat puzzling. The speaker is the priest of a small, family-run Buddhist\ntemple, and the part I'll quote below introduces a brief discussion of his\ndifficult relationship with his late father, who preceded him as the temple\npriest.\n\n「ウチの[親父]{おやじ}、ほんとに厳しい人で、子どもの頃はしょっちゅう境内の松の木に[吊され]{つるされ}たんですよ」\n\nThe only sense I can make of this is something along the lines of \"My dad was\nreally strict; when I was a kid he was always hanging me from the pine tree on\nthe temple grounds\" – presumably, as a form of corporal punishment. But that\nseems so bizarre, especially in the absence of any further explanation or\ndetail, that I can't help wondering if I'm missing something. Am I\ninterpreting the sentence correctly, and if so, what kind of mental image does\n松の木に吊（つる）されたんですよ evoke for a native speaker – when you read that, do you\nimagine the kid dangling by his clothing, holding onto a branch with his\nhands, or what?\n\nAlso, if I'm correct in assuming that the subject changes from 親父 to the\nspeaker after で, why doesn't that change need to be made explicit? And what\nwould be the most natural way to make it explicit, if one wanted to?\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T16:47:46.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68138",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T18:20:09.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33934",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 松の木に吊るされた mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "If I heard this in a conversation, I would definitely be puzzled and ask for\nclarification, too. Aside from deadly neck-hanging, TBH my mental image of\n人を吊るす as a punishment is like [this](https://bokete.jp/odai/2297161) or\n[this](https://youtu.be/-93ZRLZ4u8w?t=194). Of course this is still way too\nmuch for a real kid, but unfortunately I have no further explanation for this.\n\nAs far as grammar goes, I can assure your understanding is fine. Apparently\nthe author is talking about his own story, so the subject of 吊るされた doesn't\nhave to be explicit. Adding 俺/僕/私は before 子供の頃 may even result in a slightly\nawkward sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T18:10:03.947",
"id": "68139",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-11T18:20:09.253",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-11T18:20:09.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68138",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68138
|
68139
|
68139
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68143",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is (or are) the most common and natural way of saying \"to pee\" and \"to\npoop\". And a follow up question might be if there are any connotations in\nrealtionship to keigo.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T20:17:47.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68140",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T08:04:25.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33736",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Peeing and pooping",
"view_count": 582
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context, what sounds natural to one will sound awkward to another.\nStill, some expressions are used much more frequently than others.\n\nTo refer to urination, おしっこをする, 小便をする, ションベン（を）する (mainly used by male people)\nare probably the most common 'natural' ones. To refer to defecation, うんこ（を）する,\n大便をする are relatively typical. There are tons of other ways to refer to these\nin an informal context, though.\n\nI've never heard anyone explicitly refer to the act of urination or defecation\nwithin a context where polite language is appropriate. [This person\nsuggested](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1011032670)\nusing お小水 for the former and お便 for the latter. These refer to urine and\nfeces, respectively, though, and would be used in a roundabout way to refer to\nthe act of producing them.\n\nUsually people will try to avoid specifying what they or other people actually\nuse the toilet for, especially in a formal situation, and the only exception\nthat springs in mind is in a medical context. A doctor might use informal\nlanguage to a patient, but when discussing it in a more scientific (and thus\nformal) light, they would tend to use 排尿 and 排便. You could make these\ncompatible with keigo as ご排尿 and ご排便, e.g. 「ご排便中、誠に恐縮ですが」. It sounds a bit\nfunny though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T08:04:25.390",
"id": "68143",
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"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68140",
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"score": 2
}
] |
68140
|
68143
|
68143
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a speaking exam coming up and I'm feeling mostly prepared, but after\nthere's an unprepared conversation part which we're also graded on. It's with\nmy teacher but luckily keigo isn't necessary.\n\nI just want to make sure that for these phrases I'm using the correct level of\npoliteness.\n\n 1. Could you please repeat that \n\n * \"すみませんが、もう一度お願いします。\" or \"もう一度説明してくれますか\"\n 2. Could we move on to the next question \n\n * \"次の質問をしてもいいですか。\"\n\nHopefully I wont have to use them but if I mess something up or mishear what\nmy teacher asks I don't want the conversation to just fall apart.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-11T22:43:59.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68141",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T11:12:57.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34001",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness",
"questions"
],
"title": "How to say phrases \"Can you repeat that\" and \"can we go to the next question\"?",
"view_count": 715
}
|
[
{
"body": "For 1, you could use one of the following:\n\n> 「すみません、もう一度お願いします」 (すみませんが is okay too, but I wouldn't use it by default as\n> it changes the tone quite a bit)\n>\n> 「すみません、上手く聞き取れませんでした」(\"Excuse me, I couldn't hear (/make out) what you just\n> said.\"\n>\n> 「すみません、もう一回言ってもらってもいいですか」（You can use 一度 here, too. It's interchangeable\n> with 一回 in this context.)\n>\n> 「すみません、もう一度言ってください」 (More direct. You might want to avoid using this one too\n> much.)\n>\n> 「すみません、もう一回言ってくれませんか」\n>\n> 「質問を繰り返していただけませんか」 (\"Could you repeat the question?\")\n\nFor \"please explain one more time\" I would suggest using 「もう一度説明してくれませんか」\ninstead of 「くれますか」, since the former is more often used when asking a favor.\nIt's like \"Would you explain that again?\" vs \"Will you explain that again?\"\nYou also might want to preface it with 上手く聞き取れませんでした。\n\nFor 2, you could use the example you gave if you're the one asking the\nquestions, or\n\n> 「次の質問をお願いします」\n\nif it's your teacher who is asking the questions.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T11:12:57.993",
"id": "68149",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T11:12:57.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68141",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68141
| null |
68149
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68150",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 公明党が容認に回ることで、両議会での議決が可能となることから、４年前に続いて、２度目の住民投票が行われる見通しとなりました。\n\nQuoted from an [NHK news\narticle](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20190511/k10011912861000.html),\nwhich might not be accessible weeks after being published.\n\nOr to put my question in another way, how do I translate \"容認に回ること\" into\nEnglish properly?\n\nI did some searching of the word \"回る\" in Japanese dictionaries, but there are\nso many meanings/usages for different cases that I am not sure which one is\napplicable in the aforementioned sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T01:57:22.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68142",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T14:01:23.703",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-12T14:01:23.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "34004",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does \"回る\" mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 201
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it's definition 7 from\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/210283/meaning/m0u/%E5%9B%9E%E3%82%8B/)\n(highlighting mine)\n\n> ７ それまでとは異なった立場に **変わる** 。「賛成に―・る」「受け身に―・る」\n\nThat is to say that the 公明党 did not originally approve of the referendum. But\nbecause their position **changed** to approving the referendum, there are now\nenough votes in the 両議会 to do the referendum.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T12:52:24.150",
"id": "68150",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T13:08:24.310",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-12T13:08:24.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "68142",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
68142
|
68150
|
68150
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68146",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Been reading more japanese material lately and ran into this dialogue.\n\nPerson 1:ホント毎週転がり込んで...\n\nPerson 2:まーたそんな水臭いこと！そんな気遣うヒマあったら恋バナの一つでも持って来いっての！\n\nFor context 2 people are drinking beer at home. Person 1 is the nephew of\nperson 2.\n\nI can pretty much understand \"まーたそんな水臭いこと！\" and \"ホント毎週転がり込んで\". The final line\nis what stumps me. As a far I know, \"そんな気遣うヒマあったら\" translates to \"if you have\nthe time to worry about that, then...\"\n\nDoes the \"恋バナの一つでも持って来いっての！\" translate to \"gossip with me?\" or \"share a love\nstory or two\" or something?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T08:05:49.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68144",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T08:29:26.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How does 恋バナ function here?",
"view_count": 357
}
|
[
{
"body": "Presumably the nephew is trying to apologize for barging in on Person 2:s home\nso frequently. Person 2 is saying \"You don't have to worry about that, silly.\nBut if you really want to pay back, find yourself a girlfriend and let me hear\nall about it after you do\" or something to that effect. As such, it seems\nlikely that Person 2 is a 'nice person' who is basically telling Person 1 \"All\nthat matters to me is that you find happiness in your life\" in a roundabout\nway.\n\nIt is possible that Person 2 is simply interested in gossip in general,\nthough. Still, since Person 1 is their nephew, I would assume they are\nreferring to their nephew's personal life and that the context is as I\nconjectured above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T08:29:26.287",
"id": "68146",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T08:29:26.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68144",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68144
|
68146
|
68146
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68148",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 青森県鰺ヶ沢町の店にいる雄の犬の「わさお」は、１０年前にインターネットで紹介されて、ライオンのように長い毛と小さな目がかわいい **と**\n> 人気になりました。 \n> Wasao, a male dog in a shop in xxx was shown on the internet ten years ago\n> and, _with_ cute lion-like fur and small eyes, became popular.\n\nI can't work out the grammatical function of と (in bold) in this sentence. The\nonly と I know that can come after an i-adjective is either the conditional or\nthe quotative. The conditional certainly doesn't make sense to me.\n\nMy only guess is that this is quotative with a missing verb. I was thinking\nmaybe I could insert 思われて after と. But I fear I may be way off here.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T09:12:45.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68147",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T10:40:34.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Function of と in Xと人気になる",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "It literally means people praised it, saying (/thinking that) its long (lion-\nlike) fur and small eyes were cute. In this context と simply indicates that\nwhatever precedes it is the words of a specific person, an opinion of some\npeople in general, etc. So yes, you could think of it as a 'quotation\nparticle'.\n\nAnother example of how you could use it is 「簡単にはやられまいと、決死の覚悟で応戦する」. It's used\nas if the 「簡単にはやられまい」was a quote, even though it might actually only indicate\na person's thoughts, beliefs, or something to that effect.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T10:40:34.430",
"id": "68148",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T10:40:34.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68147",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68147
|
68148
|
68148
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68154",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am looking for any difference in terms of nuance, usage or frequent\ncollocations so I can tell in what situation I should use one instead of the\nother.\n\nOn the other hand, if the case is that the choice is only a matter of style or\npersonal preference, it would be nice to know as well.\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T15:13:37.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68153",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T01:01:46.780",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage",
"adverbs",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "Can「他【ほか】に」and「それに」be used interchangeably when conveying \"in addition\"?",
"view_count": 171
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a bit hard to explain by definition, but there is certainly a\nsignificant difference in usage.\n\nAt the start of a sentence, 「それに、」 is used generally like \"also, \" and\n\"besides, \" would. Starting a sentence with 「他に、」 would be appropriate in more\nspecific circumstances, like \"other than those, (there is) also (...)\".\n\nWithin a sentence, それに would be used as in\n\n> 「あの人{ひと}が **それに** 関{かか}わっていたという証拠{しょうこ}はない」\n\nI.e. \"There is no proof he/she was involved **in that** \". On the other hand,\nin the middle of a sentence, 他に would indeed used as \"besides (x)\", as pointed\nout in a comment. E.g.\n\n> 「私達{わたしたち}の他{ほか}に誰{だれ}かいたか？」\n>\n> \"Was there someone else there, besides us?\"\n\nwhereas\n\n> 「私達{わたしたち}のそれに、誰{だれ}かいたか？」\n\nwould mean something like \"Was there someone in 'that thing of ours'?\", and\neven then it would be grammatically suspect.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T15:29:04.467",
"id": "68154",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T01:01:46.780",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "68153",
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"score": 2
}
] |
68153
|
68154
|
68154
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Related to\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/68083/translation-\nfeedback-request). At this point, the speaker has won the preliminaries. The\nelderly chairman of the event, a friend since the previous tournament,\ncomments that the speaker has won a second time\n(やはりこの地域で一番のブレーダーはspeaker君でしたか). Speaker responds with:\n\n * あったりまえだぜっ!\n * だいたいそんなことは\n * バトルする前から\n * わかっているのに会長も\n * 人がわるいなぁ〜\n\nI get as far as \"Naturally!\" I'm also thinking バトルする前からわかっているのに is a full\nclause and means \"even though {you} have known {this} well before I did\nbattle\", but I don't know how to put だいたいそんなことは and 会長も人がわるいなぁ together.\nSpecifically, そんなこと is marked as the subject, so how does that relate to the\nadjective/verb 人がわるい? Is it something like \"That sort of thing essentially\nmakes the chairman a [bad person]?\"\n\nFurthermore, I can find little on the translation potential of 人がわるい. I've two\nquestions about this term. For one, I assume that the speaker takes issue with\nthe chairman not being 100% certain he'd win, so would \"having poor judgement\n(of skill)\" be a reasonable translation? For two, 人がわるい strikes me as a harsh\nthing to say, so I'm curious about the politeness level here. How rude is the\nspeaker being?\n\nIf it matters, the chairman responds that he knows how hard everyone else has\ntrained since last year and that it was justified not to presume the speaker\nwould dominate the preliminaries once more\n(それはちがいますよspeaker君.あなた達が海外へえんせいしている間,\nみなさんは今回の大会のためにとしもつらいとっくんをかされていたのです.だからけっしてspeaker君が勝つとはかぎらないと私はそのようにおもいました).\nThe speaker acknowledges he's been a jerk after that.\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T16:16:55.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68156",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T23:29:20.480",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-12T17:08:25.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "32522",
"owner_user_id": "32522",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"i-adjectives",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "Sentence structure + 人がわるい",
"view_count": 122
}
|
[
{
"body": "Firstly, although 人が悪い means \"mean\" (in terms of personality), it is very\noften used in a friendly/light-hearted fashion, in which case the meaning\nwould be closer to \"mischievous\". I'm not sure I've ever heard it used in a\nserious way, although it can have a negative connotation, e.g. when somewhat\nannoyed or slightly \"shocked\" by the purposefully ill-intentioned behavior of\nanother person.\n\nIn any case, I feel there is insufficient context to pinpoint what the actual\nmeaning is here. Two possibilities that come in mind:\n\n 1. The speaker is referring to the fact that the chairman is making fun of him by \"congratulating him\" on a victory that was so obvious from the start that 'congratulations' would only come off as sarcasm. I.e., to his ears, it sounds like \"Yeah, good job mercilessly beating the crap out of those poor lads. I hope you're proud of your great achievement\" _pats back_\n 2. The speaker is referring to how the chairman had intentionally arranged for the other party to lose by pairing them with the speaker.\n\nIn case 1, you could translate it as \"(now) you're just making fun of me\" etc,\nand in case 2 as \"You really enjoy watching people suffer, huh\" or something\nsimilar. A more liberal translation could also work.\n\nIf the chairman had the power to let him skip the preliminaries altogether,\nyou could also interpret it as leaning towards 2., i.e. \"You just wanted to\nsee me obliterate those noobs, huh.\" Alternatively it could be as suggested in\nnaruto's answer, and he's complaining (in a friendly way) about how the\nchairman made him waste time battling opponents far below his level. In this\ncase, I'd probably just translate it liberally as \"you could've just let me\nskip the preliminaries\" or something.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T16:50:53.080",
"id": "68157",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T23:29:20.480",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-12T23:29:20.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "34007",
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68156",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think your source of confusion is the interpretation of のに, which in this\ncase is sentence-end のに described in the following questions:\n\n * [What does のに mean at the end of this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42408/5010)\n * [What is a good synonym for「〜のに」at the end of a sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11426/5010)\n\nYou should read this as two sentences, like this:\n\n> だいたいそんなことはバトルする前からわかっているのに。会長も人がわるいなぁ〜。 \n> To begin with, you should've known this (result) even before I battled, but\n> (you actually made me go through the preliminaries)! You're so wicked!\n\nだいたい is \"in the first place\", \"to begin with\", \"before discussing this\". そんなこと\n(\"such a thing\") refers to the the result of the preliminaries. 人が悪い is a set\nphrase meaning \"mean\" or \"wicked\". It does not sound that harsh in a friendly\nconversation. So the boy is complaining because he believes the chairman sent\nhim to the preliminaries even though the result was evident to everyone\n(including the chairman).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-12T21:03:08.010",
"id": "68159",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-12T21:33:13.387",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-12T21:33:13.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68156",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68156
| null |
68159
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68164",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On this informational sign in ramen shop they use -i adjectives ending with め.\nI can understand plain かたい, 多い and such, but what purpose does ending an\nadjective in め serves?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SEBbR.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T00:11:00.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68163",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T00:20:14.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33869",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"adjectives",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "What does adjective + め means",
"view_count": 329
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's definition 17 on [Jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%9B%AE%20):\n\n> 17. somewhat; -ish\n>\n\nSo, かため means on cooked a bit on the hard side, やわらかめ on cooked a bit on the\nsoft side, etc",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T00:20:14.317",
"id": "68164",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T00:20:14.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "68163",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68163
|
68164
|
68164
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68166",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My friend and I are new to Japanese, and we are trying to make sentences.\n\nWe tried to translate this sentence to Japanese:\n\n> I can't play tennis, but I can play the piano.\n\nAnd this is our Japanese sentence:\n\n> テニスができない、でもピアノを弾くことができます。 \n> Tenisu ga dekinai, demo piano o hajikukoto ga dekimasu.\n\nIs this sentence correct?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T00:56:48.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68165",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T18:47:24.967",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-13T01:14:07.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "34017",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Is this Japanese sentence correct?",
"view_count": 155
}
|
[
{
"body": "That's one way to say that in Japanese, except that in this case the reading\nfor 弾く should be ひく rather than はじく.\n\n(Edit: Also, per user385630's comment, please note that since でも as \"but\" or\n\"however\" can only be used at the beginning of a sentence, you'd also need to\ncorrect that. You could do so by splitting this into two sentences or by\nrephrasing with が or けど. Sorry not to have caught that before!)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T01:16:15.743",
"id": "68166",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T18:47:24.967",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T18:47:24.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "33934",
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"parent_id": "68165",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68165
|
68166
|
68166
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "how would this use of “to” be expressed in japanese?\n\nThere are three new movies to see at the theater!\n\nWe have more food to eat.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T01:39:43.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68167",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T08:17:51.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Expressing “to” - stuff to do, a movie to see, etc",
"view_count": 66
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can use ～べき when this \"to ～\" means \"which one should/must ～\". This is\nunambiguous but relatively stiff.\n\n> * やるべき作業がまだある。 \n> There are still tasks to do.\n> * 読むべき教科書を教えて下さい。 \n> Please tell me the textbook to read.\n> * あれは絶対に見るべき映画です！ \n> That's definitely a movie to watch!\n>\n\nYou can say やらないといけない作業, 読む必要がある教科書, 見た方がいい映画 and so on, too.\n\nYou can also use plain relative clauses like やる作業 as long as they do not\nintroduce ambiguity. But you have to be careful because relative clauses have\nvarious usages. やる作業 usually means \"tasks to do\", but 飲むヨーグルト means\n\"drinkable/liquid yogurt\" rather than \"yogurt you must drink\", and 見る人 usually\nmeans \"observer\" rather than \"person you should see\".\n\nAnd there are quite a few [`stem + もの`\nwords](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010) which roughly mean\n`thing to (verb)` on its own. 食べ物 literally means \"things to eat\" already. To\ntranslate \"food to eat\", 食べる(べき)食べ物 sounds very redundant. Simple 食べ物 should\nbe fine in most cases, but you can also say 食べるもの (\"things to eat\") if you\nwant to emphasize the nuance of \"to eat\" or \"must/can eat\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T08:17:51.973",
"id": "68180",
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"score": 2
}
] |
68167
| null |
68180
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68227",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have troubles finding the following expressions or the like in Japanese. It\nis in mathematical contexts:\n\n 1. Differential geometry\n 2. (Point-set) Topology\n 3. Submanifolds\n 4. Smooth functions\n\nAre there places where I can find similar terms more directly? I know that\njisho.org does cover some basic terms (yes, you can find stuff like Riemann\ncurvature tensor) but sometimes I cannot find basic ones (like I can find\ngeometry and manifold but not differential geometry).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T03:19:02.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68168",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T19:21:07.623",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-13T03:55:43.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "26607",
"owner_user_id": "26607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"mathematics"
],
"title": "Mathematical subjects in Japanese",
"view_count": 196
}
|
[
{
"body": "Don Zagier has a [4-page scan](https://people.mpim-\nbonn.mpg.de/zagier/files/scanned/EnglishJapaneseDictMathTerm/fulltext.pdf) of\nan _English–Japanese Dictionary for Mathematical Terminology_. Being only 4\npages short, it is only a \"cheat sheet\" and maybe serves less as a dictionary\nand more as a first vocabulary list of expressions to learn. (Japanese\nmathematics libraries will have dictionaries with hundreds of pages for this\npurpose.)\n\nALC's 英辞郎 which @Eiríkr Útlendi suggested in the comments seems to be quite\ncomplete as it contains even more technical terminology (such as _derived\nfunctor_ , _plurisubharmonic function_ , _properly discontinuous action_ ,\netc.). Else, @Ringil's strategy of finding the term on Wikipedia and looking\non the linked Japanese site is also a good strategy.\n\nThe terms you're asking about would be\n\n 1. 微分幾何学【びぶんきかがく】 differential geometry\n 2. 位相幾何学【いそうきかがく】 topology (the subject area)\n 3. 部分多様体【ぶぶんたようたい】 submanifold/subvariety\n 4. 滑らか【なめらか】な関数【かんすう】 smooth function",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T19:13:41.907",
"id": "68227",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T19:21:07.623",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T19:21:07.623",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "68168",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68168
|
68227
|
68227
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68183",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When talking about someone else, does 好き always mean that you have feelings\nfor them? Or do people use it in a \"you're cool dude, I like you\" sense too?\n\nIf 好き is always romantic when talking about another person, is there another\nway to tell someone you like them, in the sense of you admiring/enjoying what\nkind of person they are?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T03:24:02.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68169",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T14:11:42.553",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Non-romantic way to say you \"like\" someone?",
"view_count": 830
}
|
[
{
"body": "> When talking about someone else, does 好き always mean that you have feelings\n> for them?\n\nNo, it depends on the context. 好き can be a perfectly safe choice in many\ncases. For example, if someone asked a question like \"トランプとクリントンのどっちが好き?\", one\ncan easily tell it's not about romance but about politics.\n\nBut of course there are also situations where you need to avoid\nmisunderstanding. The easiest option is to choose objective expressions that\ndo not directly describe your feelings (e.g., カッコいい, かわいい, イケてる, 優しい, いい人,\n結婚したらいい旦那さんになりそう). It's also common to use 好き and explicitly tell the type of\nyour liking, e.g., 友達として好き, 恋愛的な意味じゃなくて好き, 友人として好きだけど女性としては見ていない,\n好きと言えば好きだけど君が考えているような意味じゃない. 友達として好き is particularly handy.\n\nRelated: [「の」in「お嫁さんにしたいの好き」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16020/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T09:07:23.350",
"id": "68183",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T14:11:42.553",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-13T14:11:42.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68169",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
68169
|
68183
|
68183
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68184",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I work at an ice cream store that also is a gas station and we sell pints and\nhalf gallons of our ice cream in ice cream cases near the drink coolers too.\nHow would I say “fill up” in the sense of filling up the case with the ice\ncream pints that are missing?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T03:48:48.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68170",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T10:48:13.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Saying “fill up”?",
"view_count": 152
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context, 補充 is probably the most natural choice. For example you can\nsay ケースにアイスクリームを補充した, アイスクリームの補充を忘れてしまった and so on. If you really need to say\nthe case becomes full of ice cream, you can say something like 補充していっぱいにする,\nbut it's usually unnecessary.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T10:41:03.350",
"id": "68184",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T10:48:13.083",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-13T10:48:13.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68170",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68170
|
68184
|
68184
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I struggle to visualise the differences between 端, 縁 and 先っちょ after reading\nmany examples and definitions online:\n\nThe approximate english translations are very similar:\n\n端: end, tip, point margin (synonyms: 端っこ)\n\n縁: rim, brim, edge brink\n\n先っちょ: end, tip, point (synonyms: 先、先端)\n\nI don't understand the difference between these sentences (some might be\nincorrect)\n\n> 1. がけ **端** vs. がけの **縁** vs. がけの **先っちょ**\n>\n> 2. ベッドの **端** vs. ベッドの **縁** vs. ベッドの **先っちょ**\n>\n> 3. 鉛筆の端 vs. 鉛筆の **縁** vs. 鉛筆の **先っちょ**\n>\n>\n\nAnother word I found is 際, but I'm guessing this is rarely used.\n\nProbably a related post:\n\n[縁＆端: Are these readings still\nrelevant?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/59157/%E7%B8%81-%E7%AB%AF-\nare-these-readings-still-relevant)\n\nI would like to know the contexts and when it's appropriate to use each word.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T03:53:26.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68171",
"last_activity_date": "2020-10-28T11:00:13.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 端, 縁 and 先っちょ?",
"view_count": 405
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think [縁＆端: Are these readings still\nrelevant?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/59157/%E7%B8%81-%E7%AB%AF-\nare-these-readings-still-relevant) 's best answer is a good explanation. \nI added a diagram because you said it was hard to understand the nuances. \nMy response is more about the nuances of actual use than an explanation of\nregular grammar.\n\n「端」 simply refers to the end, it is used in conjunction with 「先」 to indicate\nthe 「先端」. \nIn this case, 「先」 and 「端」 are synonymous. \n(When combined with 「末」 it means 「末端」 -> 「末」 and 「端」 are synonymous ,etc.)\n\nThe red part represents the \"先\" and \"端\". \nThe green part represents the \"縁\".\n\nIn the dictionary, 「端」 and 「縁」 are almost synonymous, but in common usage, the\nabove nuance is used with more awareness.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NHS9v.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/k7OAu.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PB10j.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V98bZ.png)\n\n## example\n\n * 端 : It refers to both the end of object.\n\n * 紐の端\n * テーブルの端\n * 箱の端はざらついています。\n * 街の端には郵便局があります。\n * 縁 : It is the brim or rim. You can think of it as the unsharp end of an object.\n\n * 椀の縁\n * 窓の縁\n * 窓の縁に雪が積もっています。\n * 濡れたグラスの縁をなぞると音がしました。\n * 先 : It is the part of the tip from your point of view.\n\n * 指の先（指の先っちょ）\n * 棒の先（棒の先っちょ）\n * ペンの先が刺さりました。\n * 先の方に何か見えます。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MvoRZ.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-28T11:00:13.120",
"id": "82351",
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"score": 5
}
] |
68171
| null |
82351
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I read that しなくてはダメ means “to have to do something” but someone said ダメ cannot\nbe used with なくては to mean “have to”. I get different answers from different\nsources, both being Japanese speakers. What is correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T04:34:31.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68172",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T06:08:57.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Using ダメ with なくては？",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "しなくちゃダメ、しないとダメ、しなくてはダメ are all used very frequently in Japanese, as a simple\nGoogle search (with quotation marks) will quickly demonstrate. 駄目 itself is\noften [considered somewhat informal](https://tap-biz.jp/lifestyle/word-\nmeaning/1052937) (compared to なりません, いけません etc）though, so maybe that's what\nyour other Japanese source was referring to.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T06:08:57.893",
"id": "68175",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T06:08:57.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68172",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68172
| null |
68175
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68176",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was learning passive and causative forms of Japanese coupled with もらう and\nparticles, and got very confused. A couple of examples and what I think they\nmean:\n\n 1. AさんはBさんを病院に送ってもらう - A received a favor of having (Someone) send B to hospital\n\n 2. AさんはBさんを病院に送る - A send B to hospital\n\n 3. AさんはBさんに病院に送る - B send A to hospital\n\n 4. AさんはBさんに病院に送てもらう - A received favor of having B send (someone/something) to hospital\n\n 5. AさんはBさんに病院に送らせてもらう - B let/made (someone/A) send (something else/ someone else) to hospital (as a favor for A)\n\n 6. AさんはBさんを病院に送らせてもらう - A let/made (someone) send B to hospital (as a favor for A) \n\n 7. AさんはBさんに病院に送られてもらう - B send (something) to hospital (as favor to A)\n\n 8. AさんはBさんに病院に送られる - B send (something) to hospital\n\n 9. AさんはBさんを病院に送られてもらう - (Someone) send B to hospital (as a favor to A)\n\nAre there any sentence/sentences that I misinterpreted?\n\nWriting (and thinking) about these sentences took a heck of a lot of thinking\ntime from me. I was wondering if those at JLPT N1 ¬ N2/native Japanese can\nimmediately understand these sentences\n\nAlso, assuming a friend were to verbally say these sentences to me, is there a\nway to sort of gauge beforehand what the sentence means partway through. For\nexample, taking sentence 5 (AさんはBさんに病院に送らせてもらう). If a friend was to narrate\nthis sentence to me, partway through the sentence, say AさんはBさんに......, at this\npoint, in my mind, I would have think that Bさん is the target of an\naction/verb, but this of course changes depending on the form of the verb\n(passive, caussative, etc). If someone were to say any of these sentences to\nme, I highly doubt I will be able to understand what it means unless they\nrepeat the sentence a couple of times.\n\nAny pointers would be greatly appreciated",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T05:12:38.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68173",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T07:34:22.503",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-を",
"passive-voice",
"causation",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Using もらう with に/を particle and passive/causative forms",
"view_count": 360
}
|
[
{
"body": "You get used to the common ones pretty quickly. Also, many of these are more\ncomplex than anything you will see in everyday life. Especially examples like\nAさんはBさんに病院に送らせてもらう are rare.\n\nAs for the translations, firstly, here, 送る can also mean \"take (someone)\n(somewhere) (by car, etc)\". Some things to note,\n\n> AさんはBさんに病院に送る\n\nsounds more like \"A-san will send (something) to B-san, who is at the\nhospital\".\n\n> AさんはBさんを病院に送らせてもらう\n\nsounds more like \"A-san will take B-san to the hospital (which is a good thing\nfor A-san)\". This sounds like A-san really wanted to send B-san to the\nhospital. Normally you'd use this in first person though (i.e. speaking as\nA-san).\n\nOn the other hand, if you want to twist it into something more complex, it\ncould also mean \"(someone) made (someone else) take B to hospital (as a favor\nfor A)\". I'm not sure if I've ever heard this before, but needless to say,\nit's extremely rare (and confusing, since normally you would interpret it the\nway I gave above).\n\n> AさんはBさんに病院に送られてもらう\n\nThis sounds more like \"B-san was sent to the hospital (by someone), and B-san\nlet this happen (as a favor to A-san)\". You could also imagine that what was\nsent was some mysterious item, but either way, this is not something you would\nsee in real life (except in some special cases, e.g. when someone is\nintentionally trying to make the sentence as complex as possible for fun).\n\n> AさんはBさんに病院に送られる\n\nThis would be more or less just \"A-san was taken/sent to the hospital by\nB-san\" in a neutral tone. I imagine A-san might be dead in this case (or maybe\nA-san is not human, but an object... like a plush doll), which would explain\nwhy 送ってもらう is not used. You can also drop it if A-san was taken to the\nhospital against his/her will, or if A-san was unconscious/delirious. Then\nagain, you would also use this form if you simply wanted to state, in a\nneutral/objective tone, that \"A-san was taken to the hospital by B-san\".\n\nThe other sentences are pretty much as as you interpreted, although when\ntalking about a person, \"take (by car etc)\" would be a more natural\ntranslation for 送る in this context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T06:52:34.507",
"id": "68176",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T07:34:22.503",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T07:34:22.503",
"last_editor_user_id": "34007",
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68173",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68173
|
68176
|
68176
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68192",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What happens when I post-fix a って to もらう. Example: \n手伝ってもらって.\n\nI know 手伝ってもらう means I receive the favor of someone helping me. But what does\nconjugating もらう to its て form does?\n\nAlso, in its causative form, \n手伝わせてもらう - A made B help me (as a favor for me)\n\nIf I am to conjugate this to 手伝ってもらって, what does it mean?\n\nAnd finally, its passive form: \n手伝われてもらう - Same meaning as 手伝ってもらう possibly?\n\nAgain, conjugating this to 手伝われてもらって, what does this mean?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T05:55:46.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68174",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T00:46:59.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"passive-voice",
"causation",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "もらう and もらって when used with various forms of verbs",
"view_count": 328
}
|
[
{
"body": "手伝わせてもらう would simply mean \"help (someone)\". The nuance is that you are\nhelping another, whether they wanted the help or not.\n\n手伝ってもらって would be \"to have someone help\", as in:\n\n> 「あの人に手伝ってもらってね」\n>\n> \"Be sure to have him help you.\" or \"Be sure to ask him to help you.\"\n\nor in the middle of a sentence it would indicate \"having someone help, (...)\".\nE.g.\n\n> 「彼に手伝ってもらって、早めに終わらせるんだ」\n>\n> \"Have him help you so you can finish early.\"\n\nI've never heard anyone use 手伝われてもらう (and by extension, 手伝われてもらって). As an\nexample,\n\n> 「A君には手伝われてもらうぞ」\n\nwhile confusing, would technically convey the impression that A-kun does not\nwant others to help him with some specific task, yet the speaker wants A-kun\nto accept other people's (not the speaker's, but in general) help, in terms of\nthat specific task. Practically no one uses this form, though, unless their\nintention is to play with verb conjugation.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-13T13:09:52.640",
"id": "68188",
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{
"body": "もらう means the subject receives a favor/thing from someone else. The subject is\ntypically \"I\", but it doesn't have to be so. As always, the implied subject\ndepends on the context.\n\n> 私は手伝ってもらった。 \n> I got help (from someone).\n>\n> 彼は手伝ってもらった。 \n> He got help (from someone).\n>\n> 手伝ってもらった。 \n> {Someone} got help (from someone). \n> (This \"someone\" is typically \"I\", but it can be anyone depending on the\n> context.)\n\nThe te-form can form a request, as you probably know. Therefore:\n\n> 手伝ってもらって。 \n> (You should) Get help (from someone). \n> Let {him/her/someone} help you.\n\n`させて + もらう` is not so uncommon. Here, the \"favor\" itself is a causative\nexpression. Note that させる can also describe allowance:\n\n> 私は手伝ってもらった。 \n> I received a favor of helping (me). \n> I got help (from someone).\n>\n> 私は手伝わせてもらった。 \n> I received a favor of letting me help (someone). \n> Thankfully, I was allowed to help (someone).\n\n`られて + もらう` is a very rare combination and you may want to forget it for now.\nIn case you're curious, it's possible to say something like this:\n\n> 私は彼に怒られてもらった。 \n> I received his favor of being scolded (by someone else). \n> I got him to be scolded (e.g., on behalf of me). \n> (It's far more natural to say 彼は(私の代わりに)怒られてくれた.)",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-13T19:09:42.100",
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68192
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'am currently reading a manga, there is this sentence \"これでチャラにしとくよ\". I don't\nreally get it. Please translate, thank you",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T07:47:08.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68177",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does これでチャラにしとくよ means?",
"view_count": 132
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means something like \"I'll let you off the hook (with this)\".\n\nEither the speaker (let's call him A) had previously done some favor for the\nother person (B) and B had just returned the favor, or alternatively, B had\npreviously done something to anger A, and in this case, A had just \"paid it\nback\" by punishing B. Either way, what A is saying is either \"now, neither of\nus owes the other one anything\" or \"no more grudges\".\n\nThis relates to the second definitions on\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%89-566977) and\n[大辞林第三版](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%89-566977).",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-13T11:12:45.357",
"id": "68185",
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68177
| null |
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{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Why is 'no smoking' [禁煙]{きんえん} (lit. 'smoke is prohibited'), whereas 'to\nsmoke' is [吸]{す}う (lit. 'to inhale (smoke)')? In English (and some other\nlanguages), the verb 'to smoke' is related to the noun 'smoke', but since it's\nnot the case in Japanese, it is strange to see 煙 pop up. Is it a _calque_?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-13T07:50:21.673",
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"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Why is 'no smoking' 禁煙, whereas 'to smoke' is 吸う?",
"view_count": 2271
}
|
[
{
"body": "The Sino-Japanese word (kango) that directly corresponds to 禁煙 is 喫煙【きつえん】 (喫\n= \"take and enjoy\"), which is a suru-verb that can be found in stiff\nsituations including statistical or medical contexts. (We say 禁煙 but not 禁喫煙\nfor [this reason](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/53782/5010).) On the\nother hand, (たばこを)吸う is a wago which is commonly used in casual day-to-day\nsituations. English speakers happen to use the same word (\"to smoke\") in\nalmost all contexts, but in Japanese, 喫煙 and (たばこを)吸う are very different in\nregister. (English speakers distinguish [sweat and\nperspire](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/33686/5010), for example.)\n\nWhen someone wants to prohibit smoking, it's possible to use some negative\nimperative expression of 吸う (e.g., ここでたばこを吸ってはいけません), but it would sound like\nas if you were saying this to a child. 禁煙 is almost always preferred because\nit's short, authoritative and serious.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-13T08:34:09.330",
"id": "68181",
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{
"body": "I take it that you are inclined to think some verbal element denoting the\n_act_ of smoking should be present in the Japanese word meaning \"no smoking\",\nin parallel with the English phrase, but things really doesn't have to be that\nway.\n\nObserve, for instance, that in English \"no tobacco\" (or \"no cigarette\") can\nconvey the same meaning as \"no smoking\", and it doesn't contain a verbal. (By\nthis I do not mean that \"tobacco\", \"cigarette\" and \"smoking\" have the same\nextension in meaning. The point is to show that in the phrasal template \"No\nXXX\", XXX doesn't have to be a verb-derived word, and by the same token\nthere's no necessity for XXX in「禁XXX」to be verb-derived. )\n\nAnd neither is there any morphological rule stating the second component in\ntwo-kanji compounds beginning with 「禁」 should denote action rather than an\nobject.\n\nSure, in some other possible world, 「禁吸」(in which 「吸」 stands for the act of\n\"煙草を吸う\") might be a word meaning \"no smoking\" but in this world (one where \"no\ndrinking (alcohol)\" is indeed 「禁酒」, not 「禁飲」 though 「禁飲」 seems to be something\nof a word all its own), we have 「禁煙」, and it's not strange at all.\n\nTo answer the last question -- no, I don't think the presence of 「煙」 is due to\nthe translation of \"smoking\" but rather to whatever rules govern the process\nof compound formation, like those involved in the formation of words centered\naround tobacco/smoking such as「喫煙」「断煙」「卒煙」「嫌煙」.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-14T15:58:31.743",
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"score": 3
}
] |
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| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68193",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have problems understanding following sentence, especially the meaning of\n人の手により\n\n> 新しいデザインを作るまで、多くの **人の手により** 出尽くした感もあるけど、諦めません。\n\nDoes he speak here about other designers? Something like\n\n> _Until a new design is finished, I sometimes feel like as if all design\n> options are exhausted, but I don't give up._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T07:57:00.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68179",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-13T12:23:48.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "31652",
"owner_user_id": "31652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 人の手により in this sentence mean?",
"view_count": 219
}
|
[
{
"body": "You're right, 多くの人の手 refers to (existing) efforts by many other people.\n\nGrammatically speaking, there is a\n_[parenthetical](https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/sentence/parenthetical-\nexpression.htm) aside_ in this sentence. That is, 多くの人の手により出尽くした感もあるけど has\nbeen inserted as an aside, as if it were in parentheses.\n\n> 新しいデザインを作るまで、多くの人の手により出尽くした感もあるけど、諦めません。 \n> Until a new design is finished -- although I can't help feeling all design\n> options have been already exhausted by other people's hands -- I don't give\n> up.\n\nIn general, Japanese けど/けれど/が/etc can sometimes work like this. You probably\nknow they can [provide background/introductory\ninformation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32826/5010) at the beginning\nof a sentence, but the same thing can happen in the middle of a sentence.\nExamples:\n\n * 私の友人にドイツ人がいて、といってもここ数年は会っていないのです **が** 、とてもビールについて詳しいですよ。\n * 私は、ほかに誰も希望者がいなければです **けど** 、佐藤さんを推薦したいと思います。\n * 来週から1週間、本当はあまり行きたくないのだ **が** 、アメリカへ出張することになっている。\n\nAnother example here: [Is my translation\ncorrect?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39604/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-13T19:46:23.390",
"id": "68193",
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"parent_id": "68179",
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"score": 6
}
] |
68179
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68193
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68193
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68187",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In these sentences, I don't understand this particular use of volitional + と.\nIt seems that it's interchangeable with ように or ために in these cases. But I've\nnever seen Volitional + と used like this.\n\n> 1. 困ってしまった他の神様たちは、天照に岩の外に出てき来てもら **おうと**\n> 、彼女が隠れている岩戸の前でお酒を飲みながら歌ったり踊ったりわらったりして、大騒ぎをしました。\n>\n> 2. そこである日、僕は、オーディションを受けさせてもら **おうと** 、ある学校の校長に電話をかけました。\n>\n> 3. 私は化粧をなお **そうと** 、トイレへ向かった。\n>\n> 4. 彼は講義をよく聞 **こうと** 、最前列の席に座った。\n>\n>\n\nA dialogue I found in the One Punch Man\n[webcomic](http://galaxyheavyblow.web.fc2.com/fc2-imageviewer/?aid=1&iid=112)\n(around page 5):\n\n> 5. 重すぎる期待に応え **ようと** 焦ってはいかんぞキング\n>\n\n* * *\n\nThese are the only Volitional + と uses I am aware of\n\n1) Volitional + とする (trying/attempting to do something)\n\n> 左手で書 **こうと** した。I tried to write with my left hand\n\n2) Volitional + と (same meaning as 1, but acting adverbially)\n\n> 電話に出 **ようと** 立ち上がる。 Stand up trying to pick up the phone.\n\n3) Volitional + と思う/考える (thinking of doing/considering doing)\n\n> 冬休みは海外旅行に行 **こうと** 思った。 I thought, “I will go abroad in the winter\n> vacation.”\n>\n> 医学の勉強のためにドイツに渡 **ろうと** 考えている。I'm thinking of going to Germany for my medical\n> studies.\n\n4) Volitional + と (even if, acts like ても)\n\n> 雨が降 **ろうと** 風が吹 **こうと** 、毎日見回りに出る。 Even if it's raining, even if it's windy,\n> I go out on patrol every day.\n\nThe closest connection I can see with the sentences above is with 2), but it\ndoesn't seem to be natural in some of the sentences.\n\nIf this is a completely different usage of volitional + と, I would appreciate\nan explanation of it's usage and some examples.\n\nResources I used:\n\n[Volitional + と +\nVerb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9688/volitional-%E3%81%A8-verb)\n\n[What does volitional + と\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/27604/what-does-\nvolitional-%E3%81%A8-mean)\n\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154670/meaning/m0u/)\n\n* * *\n\nAdditional question:\n\nHow would I interpret these sentences?\n\n> 私は合格し **ようと** 頑張った。\n\nWould I say this sentence is the same as:\n\n私は合格する **つもりで** 頑張った。I tried my best intending to pass the exam\n\n私は合格し **ようと思って** 頑張った。I tried my best thinking I'd pass the exam\n\n私は合格し **ようとして** 頑張った。 I tried my best trying to pass the exam (sounds\nungrammatical)\n\n> 重すぎる期待に応え **ようと** 焦ってはいかんぞキング\n\n重すぎる期待に応える **つもり** で焦ってはいかんぞキング Don't feel pressed with the intention of\nanswering to heavy expectations King (sounds ungrammatical)\n\n重すぎる期待に応え **ようと思って** 焦ってはいかんぞキング Don't feel pressed thinking you'll meet their\nexpectations King\n\n重すぎる期待に応え **ようとして** 焦ってはいかんぞキング Don't feel pressed trying to meet their\nexpectations king",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T11:34:16.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68186",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-と",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "How is Volitional + と used in these sentences?",
"view_count": 516
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this particular case, the おう（ろう、こう、etc） or まい for a negative indicates a\nperson's intention. So you are correct, in this context it is similar in\nmeaning to ために or ように, although these two are more objective / place less\nemphasis on the internal thoughts of the person. と + a complex sentence\nindicates the way in which this intention is related to the action described\nafter it.\n\nThe examples 1-3 you gave are just variants of this usage. All of them\nindicate a person's intention / thoughts and relate them to whatever they are\nabout to do with the と or simply end the sentence there with した、思った、考えた etc if\nthe sentence simply describes the intention or connects it to a less elaborate\naction. As you remarked, the usage in 2. is exactly equivalent to that in the\nfirst four sentences and the OPM quote.\n\nTo give an example translation for one of the sentences:\n\n> そこである日、僕は、オーディションを受けさせてもらおうと、ある学校の校長に電話をかけました。\n\ntranslates literally to\n\n> And then, one day, I called the principal of a certain school, intending to\n> get him to let me get an audition.\n\nor less literally\n\n> And then, one day, I called the principal of a certain school to get an\n> audition.\n\nSometimes the volitional is literally used like a 'quote'. As an example, you\ncould translate the sentence with the negative まい\n\n> 「簡単{かんたん}にはやられまいと、決死{けっし}の覚悟{かくご}で応戦{おうせん}した」\n\nliberally as\n\n> \"'I won't fall without a fight', he thought to himself, as he engaged the\n> enemy, fully prepared to die in the process.\"\n\nin which case you would be hard pressed to interchange the volitional with\n「ために、」or「ように、」, since\n\n> 「簡単{かんたん}にはやられないためにと、決死{けっし}の覚悟{かくご}で応戦{おうせん}した」\n\nwould make it sound like survival was an important objective, while this is\nnot the case in the original sentence. On the other hand, an alternative TL\nfor the first sentence could be\n\n> \"He engaged the enemy, fully prepared to die, in order to make his death\n> count.\"\n\nIn which case you could reverse-translate it into\n\n> 「自分{じぶん}の死{し}が無駄{むだ}にならないようにと、決死の覚悟で応戦した。」\n\nSo there's certainly some clear overlap in the meaning, but they are not\nequivalent.\n\n* * *\n\nFor the additional question (and to clarify a bit more):\n\n> 合格しようと頑張った。\n\nI wouldn't say this sentence is the same as any of the other examples, but\nrather, kind of like a 'combination' of them. It could be interpreted as any\nof the following (which are not equivalent, so reverse-translation would not\nwork):\n\n> 「合格するつもりで頑張った」；「合格する気で頑張った」\n>\n> I worked hard, intending to pass the exam.\n\nHere, the intention is emphasized much more than in the original sentence. 気\nemphasizes the state of mind, while つもり is more based on rational thought. I'd\nsay both are equally close to the original sentence.\n\n> 「合格しようとして頑張った」\n>\n> I worked hard, trying to pass the exam.\n\nThis one does indeed feel somewhat redundant. I can't say it's absolutely\nincorrect, but it sounds awkward, and usually you would drop the して. In terms\nof meaning, I think this would emphasize the idea that they tried doing\ndifferent things in order to succeed. It doesn't sound equivalent to the\noriginal, in any case.\n\n> 「合格しようと思って頑張った」；「『合格しよう』と頑張った」\n>\n> I worked hard, thinking to myself \"I'm going to pass this exam\".\n\nWhile it's probably hard to tell from my translation, this emphasizes a\ncombination of superficial thoughts and feelings. Unlike with つもり, this\nfocuses less on rational thought and sounds lighter in tone. Unlike with 気,\nthis is more shallow in tone (kind of like \"simple thoughts\" vs \"a fundamental\ndriving force\"), and more thought-based than emotion-based.\n\nFor the OPM example, while grammatically, you could convert to any of the\nexamples / all of them could be correct in a sense,\n\n> 重すぎる期待に応えようとして焦ってはいかんぞキング\n\nis the one that feels most natural (although not as natural as the original\nsentence). 重すぎる期待に応えるつもりで gives the impression that King was \"planning\" to\nmeet the unrealistically heavy expectations (presumably based on some logical\nreason), while the speaker probably assumes that King's actions were more\ndriven by an emotional basis (since he adds 焦っていかん). At least that's how I'd\ninterpret it.\n\n> 重すぎる期待に応えようと思って焦ってはいかんぞキング\n\nsounds like \"I know your mind is going \" _I'm going to meet the expectations,\nno matter what._ \" right now, but don't rush things, King.\" This is a very\nliberal TL of course. Still, I feel the original sentence did not put this\nmuch emphasis on thought, but rather focused on what King was about to do, so\nit does not feel as natural (to me) as the original or the one with として. It's\npossible that I'm interpreting this wrong, though. Either way, the ようと思って form\nis still quite close to the original, all things considered.\n\nThis is probably the type of thing that you get a better feel for in time, as\nyou get more exposure to the language.",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-13T12:45:34.627",
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68186
|
68187
|
68187
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68190",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **親譲り** の無鉄砲で小供の時から **損ばかり** している。\n\n-夏目漱石『[坊っちゃん](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/752_14964.html)』より\n\nこの句において、\n\n親譲りの意味は[これ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/33700/meaning/m0u/)によると英語での\ninherit と理解できるはずです。が、 その辞書の解釈には\n\n> 親から性格・財産などを受け継ぐこと。 **また、そのもの。**\n\n「そのもの」を英語での itself などの意味だと理解しても大丈夫ですか。大丈夫であるなら、その(親譲り)例はありますか。\n\nもうひとつの質問は、その「損ばかり」を「いたずらばかり」と理解してもいいですか。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-13T14:12:44.837",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"literature"
],
"title": "『坊っちゃん』の「親譲り」と「損」の理解のし方",
"view_count": 510
}
|
[
{
"body": "「そのもの」というのは親から譲り受けた性格や財産など、受け継がれたもの自体を指します。この場合、「無鉄砲」がこれに当たります。\n\n「損をする」というのは、意味合いで言えば英語の Lose、Lose out\nなどに似た言葉です。[大辞林の解説](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%90%8D-555748)によると\n\n> そん【損】： \n> 利益を失うこと。益のないこと。不利であること。また、そのさま。 ⇔ 得 ・ 益 「千円の－をする」 「口べたで－をしている」 「 －な役回り」\n\n「無鉄砲で損ばかりしていた」というのは、要は、あまりにも無鉄砲だったせいで、例えば問題ごとを起こし親に叱られたり、事故に遭ったりなど、いろいろときつい目にあわされ続けたといった感じですかね。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T15:00:43.260",
"id": "68190",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T15:17:53.663",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-13T15:17:53.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68189",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68189
|
68190
|
68190
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68195",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I asked a question here recently regarding the same material and thanks for\nthat. I have a different question this time though.\n\nFor context, 3 people (Uncle and Nephew + Nephew's friend) are drinking beer\nat home. After some time, they stop drinking. The son goes to sleep due to\nbeing drunk. The father then cleans the dishes, and the friend cleans up the\ntable. This was the dialogue that followed:\n\nFather: 毎週飲んで遺れてるのにちょっとも強くなんないの\n\nFriend: テコでも起きませんもんね\n\nDoes the 遺れてる here refer to the son passing out? or something else being left\nbehind (like beer or something)?\n\nI assumed that \"ちょっとも強くなんないの\" translated to \"When is he going to be come a\nlittle strong (against beer). Is that right?\n\nThanks to anyone who takes the time, in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T19:58:20.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68194",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T21:10:49.567",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-13T20:25:54.383",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 遺る and 強くなんない in the context of drinking?",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[
{
"body": "潰れる literally means \"crumble\", and here it more or less denotes the process of\n\"getting dead drunk\". According to\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%BD%B0%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-572276), it's\ndescribed as\n\n> ７ 酒に酔って動けなくなる。「―・れるまで飲む」\n>\n> \"To get so drunk as to become unable to move.\"\n\nIn this context, 強さ refers to [resistance towards alcohol\nintoxication](https://www.suntory.co.jp/arp/strength_weakness/), also known as\n[alcohol tolerance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_tolerance). A person\nwho can drink very much without showing signs of intoxication is said to\nbe「お酒に強い」. This resistance tends to increase the more a person drinks (due to\nincreased expression of enzymes that metabolize ethanol in the liver), and\nthus the father here laments (or pokes fun at) the fact that this does not\nseem to occur in his son's case.\n\nThe actual sentence could be translated like\n\n> \"I don't get it; he gets drunk on a weekly basis, and yet he still hasn't\n> developed any tolerance.\"\n\nor maybe like\n\n> \"Every week he drinks until he passes out, and yet he never gains any\n> tolerance...\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T20:20:08.747",
"id": "68195",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T21:10:49.567",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-13T21:10:49.567",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68194",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68194
|
68195
|
68195
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68197",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm a bit confused when trying to understand the second line in the below.\n\nTo add a bit of context to help, the main character has traveled back in time,\nso that he can stop something bad from happening in the future that involves\nthese two characters and their friends. In the few sentences before this he\naccidentally says something that he shouldn't have known, but he does since he\nlearnt it before he traveled back in time (no one else knows he has gone back\nin time).\n\nMy first bit of confusion stems from the usage of くれる. My understanding of くれる\nis that it is used when someone other than the speaker does something for the\nspeaker or someone close to them. So in this case the only logical answer is\n咲良, however I am not quite sure. The second part that I am not sure of is what\nis being referred to by その状態.\n\nIf I had to guess what is being said in the second sentence I think the main\ncharacter is saying that it would be for the best if 咲良 does not know anything\nabout what has/is going to happen.\n\n> （やっぱり咲良と接する時は、なるべく何も知らない振りをしよう……）\n>\n> **何も知らないままでいてくれるなら、その状態が一番いい** 。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T20:35:12.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68196",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T21:06:37.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34026",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding this line - usage of くれる",
"view_count": 341
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, the subject of 何も知らない is 咲良, and this くれる is used because 咲良's ignorance\nis beneficial to the speaker. Of course 咲良 is doing nothing intentional or\nvisible for the speaker, but since he is feeling 咲良's ignorance is desirable\nand thank-worthy, くれる is still a natural choice. その状態 also refers to the fact\nthat 咲良 knows nothing.\n\n> 何も知らないままでいてくれるなら、その状態が一番いい。 \n> If 咲良 stays unaware of everything, that (situation) is the best.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T21:04:37.140",
"id": "68197",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T21:04:37.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68196",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Your guess is correct. He appends the くれる because he is \"thankful\" to Sakura\nfor staying the way she is (and hopes that she does). 「その状態」 here most likely\nrefers to her state of ignorance, i.e.「何も知らないままの状態が一番いい」.\n\nTo be 100% precise, it would actually refer to 「何も知らないままでいてくれる状態」. Or,\nalternatively, you could interpret the sentence as\nimplying「何も知らないままでいてくれるなら、何も知らないままの状態が一番いい。（いてくれないなら、そうでもない）」. But I'm sure\nmost would interpret it the more straightforward way, as I assume the author\nintended, despite the grammatical ambiguity (or rather, flaws) of the\nsentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T21:06:37.630",
"id": "68198",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T21:06:37.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68196",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68196
|
68197
|
68197
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The full line I came across was this. I think it was a webcomic for mother's\nday.\n\nゴミ もとめたのココに\n\nIf the context helps, the character saying was holding a trash bag and saying\nthis to his mother.\n\nWould this translate to \"I'm looking for a place with trash\" or \"I'm looking\nfor place to take a out the trash.\"? Or does the もとめた here translate to\n\"desire\"?\n\nThanks for any help.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T21:19:40.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68199",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T21:19:40.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does もとめたのココ mean?",
"view_count": 85
}
|
[] |
68199
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68201",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From a song: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5T-L0b43no>\n\nBolded parts are what I'm struggling with with.\n\n> あたしは目を瞑って静かに座っているのに\n>\n> なぜかの **けらている** ようなそんな **浮遊感** だ\n\nIt looks like 浮遊感 means \"floating/drifting feeling\", as in floating in the\nair. But what is けらている? I can't figure out what it's meant to be.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T21:54:53.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68200",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T22:13:11.647",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Meaning of けらている",
"view_count": 115
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's なぜか (\"somehow\", \"for some reason\") +\n[退け【のけ】](https://jisho.org/word/%E9%80%80%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B-1)られている (\"to be\nbeing shunned/alienated\"). 浮遊感 literally means \"floating/drifting feeling\",\nbut in this context it symbolizes her sense of detachment from other people in\nthe class.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T22:13:04.747",
"id": "68201",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-13T22:13:04.747",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68200",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68200
|
68201
|
68201
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To say that one wants to do something, one uses the 「〜たい」 form of the verb,\nfor example, 「日本に 行きたい です」.\n\nIn the 「〜たい」 form, the word behaves like an adjective, using similar patterns\nsuch as 「〜くない」 for negation and 「〜かった」 for the past tense.\n\nBut what is the part of speech of the 「〜たい」 form word? Is it still a verb,\nalbeit one that \"acts\" like an adjective? Or is it in fact an adjective, and\nif so, is there a grammatical concept that captures this \"adjectivalization\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T22:35:46.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68202",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T00:19:47.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34027",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "What part of speech is the 「〜たい」 form of a verb?",
"view_count": 271
}
|
[
{
"body": "(I don't know if this helps but just for your information...) In Japanese\nschools we are taught this way:\n\nたい is a 形容詞型助動詞 (an auxiliary that conjugates like an i-adjective).\n\nIt conjugates to たく, たかっ*, とう in 連用形 (continuative forms).\n\nSo 行きたくない consists of:\n\n行き -- 連用形 of the verb 行く \nたく -- 連用形 of the auxiliary たい \nない -- 終止形 (terminal form) of the 補助形容詞 (subsidiary adjective) ない\n\nAnd 行きたかった consists of:\n\n行き -- 連用形 of the verb 行く \nたかっ -- 連用形 of the auxiliary たい \nた -- 終止形 of the 過去の助動詞 (past tense auxiliary) た\n\nSo 行く is a verb and acts as a verb, but 行きたい acts as an i-adjective and\nconjugates to 行きたく, 行きたかっ, 行きたけれ, etc. (but it's not that 行きたい is an\ni-adjective.)\n\n*たかっ was originally たかり. たかり(+た) changed to たかっ(+た) due to 促音便.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T23:30:04.340",
"id": "68204",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T00:19:47.893",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T00:19:47.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "68202",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68202
| null |
68204
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "how often is さ used as a filler like our “like”? is it very common?\n\nfor example, could i say 「私さスタバへさ行ったさ…」？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-13T22:50:27.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68203",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-12T01:11:24.407",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Use of さ as a filler",
"view_count": 1155
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, your example, 私さスタバへさ行ったさ, sounds funny because:\n\n * 行った is a 終止形, so attaching a filler after it sounds weird. True sentence-end さ [exists](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1895/5010), but it has a different function and tone. さ in 行っ **て** さ works as a filler.\n * You normally need a comma after each filler.\n * さ is relatively masculine, and it's most commonly used with 俺.\n\nAfter fixing them, something like this would look much better:\n\n> 俺さ、昨日さ、スタバにさ、行ってさ、アイスコーヒーをさ、頼んでさ、それでさ、…\n\nThis sentence is still unrealistic, but it's simply because there are too many\nfillers. It's for showing where and how you can insert the filler naturally.\n\nSo, how common is this type of さ in reality? It's a bit hard question to me. I\nbelieve young people in Kanto (especially \"charai\" ones who like to hang\naround in Shibuya or Harajuku) use it a lot, but I spent my childhood in\nseveral western parts of Japan where either な or の was the most common filler.\nI now live in Tokyo, but I rarely hear さ in my daily life, at least partly\nbecause most people around me are businesspersons, researchers or otaku who\ntend to prefer ね.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T00:27:25.223",
"id": "68205",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T01:28:00.407",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T01:28:00.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "narutos answer (as usually) seems to be the best you may get.\n\nAbout the realistic usage of さ as a filler: I've been living in the rural\nNorth-Kanto (North-Saitama and Gunma) for the lasts two years and I could\nexperience frequent use of さ as a filler by each males AND females of all\nages. Even though it makes the women sound more mascular it is really not\nuncommon here in Gunma.\n\nAs psosuna stated though I really would not try to learn or use it on purpose.\nMe for myself always try to keep the language as clean as possible but\nrecently using さ in some cases just became natural.\n\nTLDR: It is used more frequently in some parts of Japan than in others. You\nshould not try and aim for using it by yourself since it may become a bad\nhabit which might be hard to stop with.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T02:12:30.883",
"id": "68208",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T02:12:30.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34030",
"parent_id": "68203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I live in rural Wakayama and young children (around the beginning of primary\nschool) use さ A LOT when they speak - at least when speaking to each other.\nThey use it at the end of single words, at the end of short sentences, at the\nend of long sentences...\n\nIt's definitely used as a filler/a colloquial style of speech.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-11-12T01:11:24.407",
"id": "82576",
"last_activity_date": "2020-11-12T01:11:24.407",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40887",
"parent_id": "68203",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68203
| null |
68205
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68216",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm still fairly a novice and I just came across the word \"身になる\" which\napparently has several meanings. I looked up the word online to look for more\nexamples. I came across this on a blog:\n\n> いつもいつも \n> 当たり前みたいに毎週泊まりに来て \n> 用意する身にもなれっての\n\nFrom what I can tell this was posted by an office lady venting about her\nboyfriend.\n\nI'm unfortunately confused with the last line \"用意する身にもなれっての\".\n\nThe best translation I can come up with is \"Try to imagine what it's like from\nmy side, preparing (something?) for you.\"\n\nThat's most likely wrong so I'll take any help. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T00:45:29.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68206",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T10:43:47.867",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T00:50:53.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "34028",
"owner_user_id": "34028",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"用意する身にもなれっての\" in this dialogue mean?",
"view_count": 238
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your translation for 身になる is correct. And by 用意, she simply refers to\npreparation to accept that person as a guest to her house. This may involve\npreparing food, a bed etc. Less ambiguously, it would be something like\n\n> 「泊{と}める用意{ようい}をする身{み}にもなれ」\n\nor\n\n> 「おもてなしの用意{ようい}をする身{み}にもなれ」\n\nor something to that effect. This could have a different meaning in a more\nspecific context, but in most situations this is what it would denote.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T10:43:47.867",
"id": "68216",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T10:43:47.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68206",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
68206
|
68216
|
68216
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If you think a person has been irresponsible with his work (changing responses\nto inquiries without reason and not really researching for the answer) and you\nsent a message with the ending sentence 「もう少し誠実に対応頂けませんか。」can you consider\nthis word as too harsh or rude or unprofessional?\n\nDoes 「もう少し誠実に対応頂けませんか。」mean, 「Can you be more serious with your work.」?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T01:47:35.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68207",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T18:18:26.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Is the sentence 「もう少し誠実に対応頂けませんか。」rude and unprofessional? What does it literally mean in English?",
"view_count": 183
}
|
[
{
"body": "Meaning-wise and grammar-wise, this sentence is perfect. Indeed it is harsh,\nbut it may be rightly so; there are situations you may need to write an email\nlike this one. Anyone who has received it will notice his/her overall work\nattitude is severely doubted.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T14:26:27.030",
"id": "68219",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T14:26:27.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68207",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Doesn't the question of whether this sentence would be \"too harsh or rude or\nunprofessional\" depend largely on your relationship with the other person?\nWhat is appropriately harsh in an email to a subordinate who has already been\nwarned about his or her poor performance might be completely out of bounds if\nyou're addressing a colleague of equal rank – let alone a client or your boss.\nSince you've only identified the target of this sentence as \"a person,\" it's\nvery hard to answer your question as asked.\n\nAs for how one might translate the sentence, I'd say this is one of those\ncases where it's difficult to come up with something that is both close to the\nmeaning of the original and also idiomatic in English. 誠実 is particularly\nproblematic, because it involves not just \"seriousness,\" but also sincerity\nand even honesty. In this case, at least, I think something along the lines of\n\"Can you please conduct yourself with a bit more integrity?\" might be more in\nthe spirit of the original than your \"Can you be more serious with your work?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T18:18:26.500",
"id": "68226",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T18:18:26.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33934",
"parent_id": "68207",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68207
| null |
68219
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68293",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just decided I needed to know the word for week and found both 週 and 週間 mean\n\"week\".\n\nCan I get by as a beginner with only 週間? Or when should each one be used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T02:29:37.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68209",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-17T01:46:36.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "When should I use 週 versus 週間 for \"week\"?",
"view_count": 1023
}
|
[
{
"body": "For beginners, I recommend the following:\n\n * Use `週` when you specify a week. e.g. `第5週` = the fifth week\n * Use `週間` when you refer to a time span. e.g. `5週間` = five weeks.\n\nThis is preferable while you may `週` instead of `週間`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T03:25:17.567",
"id": "68211",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T03:25:17.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3876",
"parent_id": "68209",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "You should know both, and their differences.\n\nMeasures of time are often suffixed with -間, and in the case of a measure of\ntime with weeks as the unit, -週間 is the preferred way to say \"week\" as in \"an\ninterval of X weeks\".\n\nFor example:\n\n> 一週間 = one week's time (or more colloquially, one week)\n>\n> 卒業式まであと(残り)わずか一週間です。(or 卒業式まであと一週間しかありません。) \n> There's only one week left until the graduation ceremony.\n\nWhen speaking of a point in time that is a relative point in time, you would\nuse just -週 as the word for \"week\".\n\nFor example:\n\n> 来週 = next week\n>\n> 来週の月曜日は僕の誕生日なんです。 \n> Next week Monday is my birthday.\n\nSo, 週 is \"week\" in a relative sense, while 週間 is \"week\" in a quantifiable\nsense. Neither of these words would completely serve on their own, as they\nusually form a part of another word that provides clearer context, but knowing\nwhat context they provide to a word helps with determining how you'll use\nthem.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T21:11:49.217",
"id": "68293",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-17T01:46:36.403",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-17T01:46:36.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "68209",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68209
|
68293
|
68211
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> **米追加関税第４弾 ３８０５品目対象、スマホも 措置発動は６月下旬以降か**\n\nI understand this as, \"The USA has added additional tarrif/tax on 3805\narticles/products (according to bullet point 4), which includes smartphones.\nTo be put into practice from third half of June\"\n\nWhat role does か at the end play here? Wouldn't the headline be fine without\nit or is it some kind of transformation か like コンピューターか (computerization) ?\n\nArticle for reference:\n<https://www.sankei.com/world/news/190514/wor1905140011-n1.html>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T03:22:14.430",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68210",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T03:22:14.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "What does か at the end of the headline signify?",
"view_count": 59
}
|
[] |
68210
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68215",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When speaking to a couple, I had difficulties referring to them collectively,\nas I try to express \"both of you\".\n\nWhat is the best way to refer to the both of them, instead of 「A」さんと「B」さん?\nWould ふたりは 東京に いきましたか be a good expression to ask, \"Have the both of you been\nto Tokyo?\"\n\nAlso, how to I express \"they/them\", as in \"that group of people (over there)\"?\nあそこの人達？\n\n(PS: Moderators, please help to improve the title and edit this post to make\nit more general and beneficial.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T04:48:43.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68212",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T11:37:08.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nouns",
"second-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "Nouns: References to \"Both\" and \"They\"",
"view_count": 96
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, you can use 二人{ふたり} to refer to them. You would use this like:\n\n> 「二人{ふたり}は東京{とうきょう}へ行{い}ったことがありますか」\n\nIf you want to be more polite, お二人、お二人さん would also work, while for keigo,\nお二方{ふたかた} is more appropriate.\n\nTo refer to a group of people as \"That group (over there)\", あの人{ひと}たち, あちらの人たち\netc would be pretty standard, whereas あの方々{かたがた}, あちらの方々 etc would be more\npolite / keigo-compatible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T10:27:46.773",
"id": "68215",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T11:37:08.207",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T11:37:08.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68212",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68212
|
68215
|
68215
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68214",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am making my way through a very large quizlet flashcard deck that has\nalready had a few mistakes that I have caught. I just came across[ 四つ角]{よつかど}\nwhich it lists as intersection and shows a picture of a four-way intersection.\nThis deck also already has [交差点]{こうさてん} listed as intersection which most of\nthe internet seems to agree with.\n\nI was wondering if anyone knows if [四つ角]{よつかど} is actually used, and if so to\nrefer to what. Google translate says it means \"four corners\", so that got me\nthinking it might specifically refer to four way intersection?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T06:58:09.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68213",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T07:34:02.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34034",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Uses of 「四つ角」in quizlet as intersection？",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, 四つ角 is a real word recognized by almost everyone, although it's a little\ndated word and 十字路 is more popular these days.\n\nCommon words are:\n\n * 交差点: intersection in general \n * 十字路, 四つ角: Looks like `＋`\n * 三叉路: three-forked intersection \n * Y字路: Looks like `Ｙ`\n * T字路, 丁字路: Looks like `Ｔ`\n\nRare words such as 三つ角 and 五叉路 also exist, but their meanings are self-\nexplanatory once you've mastered the common ones.\n\nWhen you have doubts about word usage, a corpus is more reliable. According to\n[BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/), 十字路 is roughly four\ntimes more popular than 四つ角, and 四つ角 tends to be preferred by older novelists.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T07:16:30.300",
"id": "68214",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T07:34:02.717",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T07:34:02.717",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68213
|
68214
|
68214
|
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