question
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have always wondered where the で in ~である (and ~でございます) comes from.\n\nIn the answer to the question [「です」, what is it really? Is my analysis\ncorrect?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/62645/%e3%81%a7%e3%81%99-what-\nis-it-really-is-my-analysis-correct), Eiríkr Útlendi states that the で in ~である\nis the particle で. He also writes that in \"older stages of the language,\nyou'll find just that -- あり serves as the primary copular verb\".\n\nConcluding from this, somewhere along the way the old copula あり gained the\nparticle で.\n\nIn an answer to the question [Can the である copula be explained as で (particle)\n+ ある (to exist), i.e. \"to exist in the form of\n~\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18085/can-\nthe-%e3%81%a7%e3%81%82%e3%82%8b-copula-be-explained-\nas-%e3%81%a7-particle-%e3%81%82%e3%82%8b-to-exist-i-e-to-exist), however,\nSnailboat presents a view on the matter by linguist Kunio Nishiyama. If I\nunderstand correctly, Nishiyama basically refers to で as the real \"to be\",\nwhile the ある is only there as a \"dummy\" to indicate tense.\n\nIt strikes me as odd that the semantic core would be omitted back when あり on\nits own was used as the copula. Baring a misunderstanding on my part, doesn't\nit seem like these two analyses of である kind of clash with each other because\nof this?\n\nI have two other questions relating to this: Why was this で (or maybe にて)\nadded to (or reinserted into) the copula あり? Also, back when あり was used as\nthe main copula, what was the distinction between what is today the copula\n~である and the existential verb ある?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T12:02:48.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68217",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-28T19:31:44.667",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"particles",
"etymology",
"history",
"particle-で",
"copula"
],
"title": "で in the copula である",
"view_count": 400
}
|
[
{
"body": "Note: This answer is more in response to you saying you want it to be easier\nto understand, as opposed to the interest in the history.\n\nThis isn't backed up by any research, but the way I think about it is similar\nto the で used when stringing together adjectival nouns:\n\nきれいで賑{にぎ}やかなまちだね? - It's a pretty and lively town, right?\n\nSimilar to て-forms, I see the で in ではありません similar to how Snailboat explains\nit, as a way to attach tense to the sentence in a way that sounds grammatical.\nThe で to me sort of \"functionalizes\" the sentence in preparation for \"a\ngrammar\" to happen.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T08:03:46.123",
"id": "68246",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-14T17:02:28.857",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-14T17:02:28.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34034",
"parent_id": "68217",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68217
| null |
68246
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68222",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading some web novels online but I'm kind of stumped by this\nparticular dialogue.\n\n> 佐倉ちゃんがどんな子供とぶらぶらしてても...\n>\n> 僕で遊んでくれて...\n>\n> こうして虐めさせてもらえて...\n\nTo put some context into this, a little kid wants to play with his friend\nSakura. Sakura feels guilty because she ignored him last time to play with her\nsiblings. There are breaks in the sentences because the little kid is crying.\n\nWhat I'm wondering here would be if the 1st line translate to \"What kind of\nkid does Sakura-chan hang out with?\" How does ても fit into that sentence? It\nmakes me think it's not actually question. Am I wrong?\n\nBecause the kid is crying I thought there is an implied continuation to the\nsentence. Is it correct to assume that?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T13:09:00.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68218",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T17:41:48.007",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"particle-も",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "Is どんな in this context a question?",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are various \"WH\" words in Japanese -- the question words, like the\nEnglish \"who, what, where, when, why, how\" -- that shift in meaning when used\ntogether with the inclusive particle も.\n\nも in Japanese is sometimes translated like \"even, also\". In combination, it's\nalso a bit like \"-ever\": 何 \"what\" + も \"-ever\" → \"whatever\", 誰 \"who\" + も\n\"-ever\" → \"whoever\". Note that this is not an exact translation -- this is\nmeant to simply give you an idea. When used with negatives, for instance, 何も\nis better translated as \"nothing\" or \"not anything\".\n\nIn the specific context of your sample sentence, the first line uses どんな ...\nbut then it's also got that も towards the end, which _does_ affect the meaning\nof the どんな. Rather than a straight question word as \"what kind\" or \"which\", it\ncomes across more as \"whatever kind\" or \"whichever\".\n\n> 佐倉ちゃんがどんな子供とぶらぶらしてて **も**... \n> What **ever** kind of kid Sakura-chan hangs out with...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T16:18:35.613",
"id": "68222",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T16:18:35.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "68218",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68218
|
68222
|
68222
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68223",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both of them mean \"very\" according to many dictionaries, but if I remember it\ncorrectly, sometimes きわめて and いたって are interchangeable, sometimes not. How to\nuse them correctly?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T14:58:41.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68220",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T19:43:01.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "The difference between きわめて and いたって",
"view_count": 300
}
|
[
{
"body": "きわめて is just a stilted way of saying \"very\" or \"highly\".\n\nAccording to the results of [this corpus of modern\nJapanese](http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp/), I can say いたって 1) is less common overall,\n2) often describes either the personality of a person or the perceived\natmosphere of a place, and 3) tend to have positive or reassuring meanings.\n\nFor example, いたって普通 sounds slightly more positive than きわめて普通. Both means\n\"normal\", but the former can mean \"working normally\" or \"no problem\", whereas\nthe latter is closer to \"unremarkable\" or \"undistinguished\".\n\n至って難しい and 至って不健康だ sound odd to me. According to [this\nlist](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/12144/example/m0u/), however, 至って seems\nto have been used more freely 100 years ago.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6GIXjl.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OZTEDl.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T17:08:26.077",
"id": "68223",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T19:43:01.540",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T19:43:01.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68220",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
68220
|
68223
|
68223
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68232",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "It doesn’t seem that natural, as 水です seems to mean “It is water”, rather than\na shorter form of 水を飲みます.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T20:16:12.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68228",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T07:26:26.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Can you answer the question 何を飲みますか？ with 水です。?",
"view_count": 273
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, you can safely say 水です. The implied subject (\"it\") refer's to \"what I\nwant to drink\".\n\nMoreover, in Japanese, it's even perfectly natural to say 私は水です if there is\nenough context! See: [Are possessive particles implied in a\nconversation?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44053/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T21:28:36.240",
"id": "68232",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T21:28:36.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68228",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "It's not incorrect. It sounds a bit \"matter-of-fact\" and kind of \"abrupt\"\nthough.\n\nAlso, this largely depends on who's asking in what context. If it's your\nacquaintance who is about to order drinks for both of you at a restaurant, you\ncould maybe say 「（私は）水で」or「お水を一杯」etc depending on the tone you're going for.\nIf they're asking out of curiosity (i.e. \"what will you drink (as opposed to\nother people)?\"), you could answer with「私は水を」, and here 「水です」would sound most\nnatural to me. In an informal context when asked「何を飲む？」by a friend etc, you\ncould also just say「水」, although 「水で」is more standard. Also, if you're in a\nplace where you would be expected to order an alcoholic beverage,\n「（私は）お水で結構です」、「水でいいです」 as in \"Water is fine, thanks.\" would also work.\n\nIf the person asking is a (somewhat relaxed) waiter or waitress asking for\nyour order,「水をください」「水をお願いします」「水でいいです」「水で」are probably the best options.\n\nIf, on the other hand, you were visiting the home of an associate/superior and\nthey (or their wife/husband/son/daughter etc) asked you 「何を飲みますか？」(as if it\nwas natural to give you something to drink), you could maybe\nsay「では、お水を一杯、お願いできますか」or something. This would be more polite than the other\nones above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T07:12:03.947",
"id": "68242",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T07:26:26.163",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-15T07:26:26.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "34007",
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68228",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68228
|
68232
|
68232
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68231",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just read a fighting manga where 2 characters fight after years. For context\nthe 1st character is much older than the second (about 15 year gap). The\nsecond character is about 22 years old at this point. That older character\nsaid this line.\n\n> あんたがこんなにたくましかったなんて.\n>\n> こんなことならさっさと襲っちゃえば良かったかな....なんて\n\nI understood the 1st line as \"How the hell did you get this strong?\" or like\n\"To think you'd get this strong.\" Please correct me If I'm wrong.\n\nThe second line is what I have trouble with. My guesswork understanding would\nbe \"It would've been good if you had attacked me earlier.\" But can さっさと\nfunction as earlier? I've only so far heard it as \"hurry up\" and only used it\nby itself.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T20:40:21.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68229",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T21:17:55.007",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Does さっさと here mean \"quickly\" or like \"hurry up\"?",
"view_count": 231
}
|
[
{
"body": "The speaker is regretting about something in the past (years ago).\n\n> あんたがこんなにたくましかったなんて。 \n> I never thought you were sturdy like this!\n>\n> こんなことならさっさと襲っちゃえば良かったかな....なんて \n> If I had known this was going to happen, maybe I should've hit on you\n> without hesitating... just kidding!\n\n * See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34602/5010) for the first なんて, and [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43769/5010) for the second one.\n * こんなことなら literally means \"if it's a thing like this\", or \"if this were to happen\". It's a common set phrase of regret.\n * さっさと means \"without delay/waiting/hesitating\", but since he is referring to his past, you could use \"earlier\" in this context. It implies the speaker had had an \"interest\" to the other person for a long time.\n * 襲う used like this usually has a sexual meaning (it's somewhere between seduction and rape, depending on the context). Its subject is the speaker.\n * かな is \"I guess\", \"maybe\", etc.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T21:05:00.333",
"id": "68230",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T21:16:25.493",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-14T21:16:25.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68229",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Yes, さっさと can denote \"earlier\" or \"sooner\". In this case, it could translate\nto something like \"shouldn't have waited (this long) to (...)\". You could also\nthink of it like \"should've hurried up and (...)\".\n\nAnd I would assume the speaker is referring to himself. Something like \"(If I\nhad known) maybe I should've just assaulted you when I still had the chance...\nheh, just kidding\". The 襲う (\"assault\") and かな……なんて make it seem extremely\nunlikely that he would be referring to the other party.\n\nAnd as in English, 襲う can refer to sexual assault as well (or just 'making a\nmove', like kissing or hugging, but I find such a mild connotation unlikely in\nthis case). Since it's a battle manga, he could have just meant it literally\nthough, depending on the larger context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-14T21:17:55.007",
"id": "68231",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-14T21:17:55.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68229",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68229
|
68231
|
68230
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68237",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Couple of days back, I was at Japanese class and 先生 wanted us to return the\nprintouts he handed us earlier. 先生 used the sentence 「プリントを出します」instead of\n「プリントを出して」. Some other examples I have seen are: \n\n 1. 関係者は出社したことを確認します - Related party, please confirm attendance \n\n 2. 出社したら、自分で「出社しました！」メールを送る - When you arrive, send a mail stating you have arrived \n\nThese examples are requests to other parties to do something. From what I\nunderstand, to make requests, one should use the て- form of verbs. The example\nsentences uses the ます/る form in making requests. Is this even possible? If I\nam not mistaken, using the ます/る forms of verbs implies (first person) will do\n(verb), for example: リンゴを食べます means (I) will eat the apple, and not please eat\nthe apple. And if it possible to use ます/る to make requests, how can I\ndifferentiate (other then by context) whether it is a request or whether it is\nwhat someone will doて",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T02:29:51.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68233",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T05:13:50.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "Under what circumstance does using 普通形 of a verb imply a request?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "Dictionary-form and masu-form are common in product documentations and how-to\ntype sentences (e.g., 扉を開けるにはこのボタンを押す/押します), which explains why 出社したらメールを送る is\nfine. But it doesn't work as an immediate request/order. Ordinary Japanese\nspeakers don't say プリントを出します in the context in question.\n\nIs this 先生 a professional Japanese teacher who teaches both beginners and\nadvanced learners? I have heard that at the initial stage of teaching\nJapanese, student do not even know imperative forms, so it's common for a\nteacher to say 教科書を開きます to beginners when 教科書を開いてください is normally appropriate.\n\nSometimes plain dictionary form is used to make a quick and strong order\n(e.g., 立つ! ～しない!), but this doesn't apply for masu-form. See: [Plain form as\nimperative](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15816/5010)\n\nAlso note that te-form as a request sounds fairly colloquial. If your teacher\ngenerally uses ます/です during lessons, プリントを出して would sound out of place.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T04:44:00.447",
"id": "68237",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T05:13:50.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-15T05:13:50.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68233",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
68233
|
68237
|
68237
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「僕達はあなたがどれほど頑張っている **か** 心配です」\n\nI know that 「か」in the middle of a sentence can be used for embedded questions\nor as \"or,\" but I don't see any of that here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T02:40:52.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68234",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T05:36:06.023",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-15T05:36:06.023",
"last_editor_user_id": "7705",
"owner_user_id": "34045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of the か in this sentence?",
"view_count": 140
}
|
[
{
"body": "The embedded \"question\" in this case isn't really a question, but it is there\n\n> 「あなたがどれほど頑張っているか」\n\nis the English equivalent of\n\n> How hard you're working\n\nFor a very direct translation that comes out to something like\n\n> I'm worried about how hard you're working\n\nThough it's worth noting that while the English sounds like something you\nwould say to someone who you were worried was working too hard, the above\nJapanese sounds to me like it means the opposite. Of course it's very\ndifficult to be certain without context.\n\nUse of `どれぐらい`/`どう`/`どれほど`/etc. + `か` in subordinate clauses to talk about the\ndegree or manner of something is very common, the same way `how` is used in\nsubordinate clauses in English. Here's another example [from an online\ndictionary](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E6%80%9D%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B%E5%BF%83%E9%85%8D%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B):\n\n> 自分がどう思われているのか心配する\n>\n> Worry about how one is being perceived\n\n`思われてる` of course literally means \"thought of\" for \"how one is being thought\nof\". \"Perceived\" is just more natural English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T05:32:23.863",
"id": "68239",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T05:32:23.863",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7705",
"parent_id": "68234",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68234
| null |
68239
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68243",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Now on my latest trip in Japan in spring 2019 I've noticed many more classic\ncars around than I expected.\n\nIn English \"classic car\" is a somewhat vague term but is often used for old\ncars that have been preserved or restored from the 1950s to about the 1980s,\nespecially rarer or more desirable or performance models of production cars.\nThey would contrast with older \"vintage\" and \"veteran\" cars and also sometimes\nfrom much more expensive collectible exotic cars like old Ferraris and\nPorsches.\n\nNotable Japanese classic cars would be the Toyota 2000GT, Mazda Cosmo Sport,\n\"ハコスカ\" Nissan GT-R, and \"ハチロク\" Toyota AE86.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/C97yE.jpg) \nTwo Japanese classic cars\n\nDefinitions out of the way, I've looked up Japanese terms for \"classic car\"\nand there are a couple of loanwords from English written in katakana but the\nmain term used on the Japanese Wikipedia is 旧車.\n\nWhen I look up \"旧車\" in a translator etc though, it returns simply \"old car\".\nThen again if I look up \"old car\" in a translator to Japanese, that returns\n\"古い車\".\n\nSo my question is: Is 旧車 relatively well understood to mean \"classic car\", or\nwould most Japanese people think I'm just talking about old cars / used cars\ngenerally?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T02:46:25.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68235",
"last_activity_date": "2023-07-29T14:59:53.160",
"last_edit_date": "2023-07-29T03:09:13.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "125",
"owner_user_id": "125",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"terminology"
],
"title": "Does 旧車 clearly imply \"classic car\" or will it simply mean \"old car\" to many Japanese speakers?",
"view_count": 918
}
|
[
{
"body": "IMO, `旧車` refers to classic (or vintage) cars. You can check [Google\nimages](http://bit.ly/2VDXhC4). Some people spell `旧車` `Q車`.\n\nReferring to old cars, I use `古い車` instead.\n\nReferring to used cars, I use `中古車`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T07:26:12.860",
"id": "68243",
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68235
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68243
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68243
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68238",
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"body": "In Pimsler 2 they use the and expression something like えくん to confirm\nsomeones actions. Can someone help me find this word in a dictionary, or tell\nme what form it comes from.\n\n> 飛行機{ひこうき}で えくん ですね。 \n> You are going by plane, right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T04:20:27.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68236",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "34047",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Confirming someones plans?",
"view_count": 102
}
|
[
{
"body": "I strongly suspect you are mishearing `いく` as `えく`。Remember that `え` sounds\nlike the `e` at the beginning of `edge`, whereas `い` is like the `y` in\n`sleepy`.\n\nThe word you want is [行く](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8F), which\nmeans `to go` (among other things). The `ん` is a contraction of `の`, which you\ncan read more about\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5398/what-is-the-meaning-\nof-%EF%BD%9E%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0-etc), or\nmany other places online with a quick Google search.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T05:06:33.183",
"id": "68238",
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"score": 3
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68236
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68238
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68238
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Recently I've been hearing people around me use a phrase that sounds like\n\"ななじゅっと\" especially in the morning when talking about the days plans. I can't\nseem to find anything on a dictionary - just leads to an entry for seventy\nwhich I am pretty sure is not what they are saying is.\n\nAny help?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T06:42:19.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68240",
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"owner_user_id": "34034",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"phrases"
],
"title": "Trying to figure a phrase I've been hearing: ななじゅっと",
"view_count": 121
}
|
[
{
"body": "I've figured out that they are referring to the building number that we are\nin, which is 70. So they are saying something like 七十棟｛ななじゅっとう} to mean\nbuilding 70",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T01:24:00.423",
"id": "68428",
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68240
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68428
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68265",
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"body": "For example,\n\n> 寿司【すし】 **を** 食【た】べたい。 寿司【すし】 **が** 食【た】べたい。\n\nIf it is possible, then what is the difference in meaning or nuance?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T07:03:08.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68241",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T22:23:21.137",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Is it possible to use the 〜たい form with the particle が instead of を?",
"view_count": 232
}
|
[
{
"body": "The basic meaning of the both sentence are the same.\n\nIn this situation, you can emphasize your will by using **が** instead of\n**を**. So it is more natural to say \"寿司 **が** 食べたい\" in the following\nsituation.\n\n * You are asked which menu you want to eat.\n * You are very hungry.\n * You have little money and you haven't enjoying tasty meal these days. (Japanese people often use Sushi as an example of expensive food.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T07:42:48.707",
"id": "68244",
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{
"body": "Here’s the technical explanation, according to _‘Intermediate Japanese: A\nGrammar and Workbook'_ by Tsujioka and Hamano (2012, Routledge).\n\nBasically they describe how Japanese verbs can be classified into two\ncategories:\n\n * **eventive verbs** - describing an event. For example, 食べる. \n * **stative verbs** - describing a state. For example, ある.\n\nIn general, eventive verbs take the particle `～を` to mark the object of the\naction:\n\n> ピアノ **を** ひきます。\n\nStative verbs, on the other hand, generally use `～が` to mark the object:\n\n> ピアノ **が** あります。\n\nA verb like 食べる in its base form is an eventive verb, as it describes the\n‘event’ of eating. However, when you add the ～たい ending to make the formation\n食べたい, the verb takes on a stative aspect. It is now describing the state of\nwanting to eat. So it has both eventive and stative properties. It also\nassumes the grammatical properties of a stative verb, which means that you can\nuse `～が` to mark the object. These dual grammatical roles mean that either\n`～を` or `～が` can be used without much difference in meaning.\n\nIn summary, there is very little difference in meaning between your two sample\nsentences, according to the explanation by those authors. One final note is\nthat if other volitional suffixes (such as ～がる) are used, the stative meaning\nis reduced and ～を is preferred. So it all depends on the level of volition\nintroduced by the suffix.",
"comment_count": 3,
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] |
68241
|
68265
|
68265
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68270",
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"body": "I saw an ad for a japanese radio station which had this in it. Here's the full\nfacebook post for context. <https://bit.ly/2vXWVHg>\n\n> 「一発解決お悩み相談」を始めました。\n\nWhat I'm wondering here is how 一発 would translate. Explosive Solution? Homerun\nSolution? Perfect?\n\nAlso, why is there no particle between お悩み相談 and 一発解決?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T09:40:32.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68249",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-16T09:18:11.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "33999",
"owner_user_id": "33999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 一発 mean in this context?",
"view_count": 427
}
|
[
{
"body": "One time resolution or quick resolution. They won't turn into your therapist\nfor you to discuss all your troubles over several weeks. They answer one\nburning question you have and try to give their best advice. 一発 is an\nadverbial noun, it doesn't need a particle after it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T14:02:13.303",
"id": "68251",
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{
"body": "発 is a counter for shots/launches (gun, rocket, arrow, fireworks, etc), and,\nby extension, trials/attempts. For example 一発で成功する means \"to succeed on the\nfirst attempt\", and 一発合格 means \"pass on the first try\". Likewise, 一発解決\ndescribes how your trouble will be solved quickly without trying many options.\nSo \"instant\" is close to this 一発, but there may be a better catchy word.\n\nAs for the \"missing\" particle between 一発解決 and お悩み相談, they are treating お悩み相談\nas the \"main\" title and 一発解決 as its catchphrase or \"subtitle\". Just like\n`title: subtitle` is a common format in English (e.g, \"Mad Max: Fury Road\",\n\"2001: A Space Odyssey\"), in Japanese, attaching a subtitle/catchphrase-like\nword directly before a name is a common way to form an interesting title\n(e.g., 名探偵コナン, 燃えよドラゴン, ジャングルの王者ターちゃん, わくわく動物ランド).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-16T04:37:37.970",
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|
68270
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{
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"body": "> 総会のあと、公明党大阪府本部の佐藤代表は、記者団に対し、都構想そのものへの賛否は白紙 **だとしたうえで**\n> 、「法定協議会が再開されれば、いい協定書を作れる **よう** 前向きに協力していくというのがわれわれのスタンスだ」と述べました。\n> ([source](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20190511/k10011912861000.html))\n\nHere is my attempted translation:\n\n> After the general meeting, the representative of the New Komeito Party Osaka\n> Prefecture Administration, Mr. Sato, told to reporters, when **assuming**\n> the opinions on both sides towards the Metropolis Plan have not been made,\n> \"If the statutory committee is reopened, our stance is that we will\n> positively cooperate together to make a good agreement\".\n\nWhat does だとした mean? From what I know, だとする could mean \"assuming that, when\nused with a noun\"\n\n> 彼の死は事故 **だとする** 君の推定は間違っているようだ。 \n> Your **assumption** that his death was an accident seems to be wrong.\n>\n> 病院は頭痛の原因を睡眠不足 **だとした** 。 \n> The hospital **assumed** the cause of the headache to be a lack of sleep.\n\nBut I'm not sure if this interpretation is correct for that sentence.\n\nAlso, is うえで the same type of 上で like in this example?\n\n> これまた西欧文明を理解する **うえで** 、忘れてはならないことでありましょう。 Again, let's not forget this\n> **when** trying to understand Western European civilization.\n\nI translated it as \"when\"\n\nAnd lastly, what does the **よう** in いい協定書を作れる **よう** 前向きに協力していく mean? I\nassumed it was ように but I never seen it without the に before. Like in this\nsentence:\n\n> 風邪を引かない **ように** ちゃんと寝てください。Get some sleep so you don't catch a cold.\n\n* * *\n\nHere are my questions:\n\n 1. Is my interpretation of だとする correct?\n\n 2. Is my interpretation of うえで correct?\n\n 3. What does よう mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T12:43:52.367",
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"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "だとする、うえで、よう in this sentence",
"view_count": 237
}
|
[
{
"body": "You understand everything correctly. There is no such thing as だとする. It's とする\nand だ is just there because there was a noun. If it was a verb or adjective\nyou'd just use とする. And following this, obviously you can conjugate it.\n\nNoun particles(?) like 為{ため}、様{よう}、余{あま}り, don't necessarily need に after them\nto function.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T14:07:08.707",
"id": "68252",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T15:18:06.667",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-15T15:18:06.667",
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"owner_user_id": "22363",
"parent_id": "68250",
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"score": 1
}
] |
68250
| null |
68252
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68256",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a way to use 何 with the general counter ~つ to ask \"how many...\" in\nthe same vein as in sentences like \"何歳ですか。\" or \"本は何冊買いましたか。\"?\n\nIf not, how do you ask something like \"How many ideas do you have\", where (I\nthink) one would normally use the generic counter? Do you have to resort to\n何個?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T14:09:30.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68253",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T15:15:19.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"counters"
],
"title": "Using 何 with the general counter ~つ",
"view_count": 700
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Is there a way to use 何 with the general counter ~つ to ask \"how many...\"\n\nNo, we don't say 何つ. We say いくつ (幾つ).\n\n> If not, how do you ask something like \"How many ideas do you have\", where (I\n> think) one would normally use the generic counter?\n\nYou could use いくつ, as in 「アイデアはいくつありますか。」「いくつアイデアが浮かびましたか。」 etc...",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T15:15:19.993",
"id": "68256",
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"score": 4
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] |
68253
|
68256
|
68256
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68255",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is the google translation \"We hope you feel relieved.\" accurate?\n\nWhile I was searching the net for this. I found in this [link](http://nomad-\nsalaryman.com/post-23478) , based from my understanding of the first and\nsecond sentence the polite way of saying「安心してください！」or 「安心してほしい！」is\n「ご安心いただけましたら幸いです」.\n\nFor me, 「安心してください！」or 「安心してほしい！」both expresses a feeling of irritation from\nthe deliverer of the messages.\n\nIs it correct for me to think that 「ご安心いただければと存じます。」also expresses as sense of\nirritation or a negative emotion? or is this also based on the context of the\nconversation?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T14:25:28.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68254",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T15:27:58.313",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-15T14:35:07.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "20375",
"owner_user_id": "20375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「ご安心いただければと存じます。」?",
"view_count": 272
}
|
[
{
"body": "I get what you mean. Depending on delivery, those phrases _can_ convey\nirritation. But if you make sure to sound ultra sincere and sympathetic\n(conveying 'warmth'), it will come across as if you're really serious about\nyour work and care about the other person. In this sense, you could definitely\nuse 「安心してください」、「（それに関しては）安心して欲しいです」.\n\n「ご安心頂ければと存じます」and「ご安心頂けましたら幸いです」are super super polite. These do not convey\nirritation (unless you are, in fact, irritated, and the other party can tell\nthis by the tone of your voice). The latter of these two is 'softer' in a\nsense and could therefore be better if you use keigo.\n\n「ご安心ください」is also a good choice. This is strictly speaking not as polite as the\nabove, as you are \"requesting\" that they feel relieved, instead of saying\nsomething along the lines of \"It would make me very happy if you were to feel\nrelieved\".\n\n「ご安心を」is great if you don't have to be ultra polite, especially if you can say\nit with a deep, calm, resolute, professional voice. If you're not confident in\nyour delivery though, using the super polite ones with a sincere tone should\nalways work to some extent, and in that sense I would recommend those,\ninstead.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T14:48:07.430",
"id": "68255",
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}
] |
68254
|
68255
|
68255
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{
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"body": "how do you form informal questions with 何 and without ですか？ would 何 just go at\nthe end?\n\n「あなたの大好きな季節何？」\n\nand is it appropriate to leave off です or だ with な adjectives and nouns? i’ve\nseen 〜なの？used, but i’m not quite sure what the rules are on that.\n\n「これは食べものなの？」 vs 「これはたべもの？」\n\nbasically i’d like some guidelines on informal questions in japanese! i keep\nstruggling on what sounds normal because i don’t want to be overly formal and\nuse ですか？all the time!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T17:34:51.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68257",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T18:46:07.820",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"colloquial-language",
"questions",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Asking informal questions with 何",
"view_count": 530
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are a lot of ways you could go with this. Informal language tends to be\na bit different between males and females, for one. In your first\nexample,「好きな季節は？」or「どの季節が一番好き（だ、なんだ、なの）？」would work. Here, だ is more\nmasculine-ish, なんだ is also somewhat masculine-ish and softer, なの is feminine-\nish. You also probably wouldn't want to use 大好き here, since you presumably\ndon't know if the other person has a season they like that much. It is\npossible to say e.g.「僕の大好きな季節はな～んだ？さあ、当ててみて」though.\n\n「これ、食べもんなの？」,「これは食べ物なのか？」,「これは食べ物か？」are all pretty normal ways to ask the\nquestion.「これって、食べられるの？」「これ、食べられるか？」are similar ways to ask the same question\n(well, they literally mean \"is this edible?\" though).「これはたべもの？」can certainly\nwork (it can sound cute/funny), but if you don't want to sound like a\nforeigner you probably don't want to use it.\n\nFor some formal → informal examples:\n\n> 「どこへ行きましょうか？」 → 「どこへ行こうか？」 ⇔ 「どこ行こうか？」\n>\n> 「何をしているんですか？」 → 「何をしてる（の）？」 ⇔ 「何してんの？」\n>\n> 「それ、やめてくれませんか？」 → 「それ、やめてくれる？」\n>\n> 「どうですか？」 → 「どう？」\n>\n> 「これでいいですか？」 → 「これでいい？」",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T18:46:07.820",
"id": "68259",
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}
] |
68257
| null |
68259
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68260",
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"body": "This is how we filled in the blank in class, but I am still having a hard time\nseeing why or how it would be correct. Here is the sentence,\n\n> 来週の日曜日、ほかの学生たちといっしょに先生の家にしょうたい **されました** 。\n\nI was thinking that, well, since we are talking about the next week, why would\nwe say され **ました**?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T18:36:26.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68258",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-15T18:53:28.883",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33530",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"tense"
],
"title": "Why is it correct to use ～た in this sentence, even though we're talking about next week?",
"view_count": 312
}
|
[
{
"body": "The tense of the verb 招待{しょうたい}する (to invite) is indicating the time of when\nthe inviting itself happened. The passive form of the verb, 招待される (to get\ninvited), is the same in that respect.\n\nIt is the same in English: “We **got** invited to go to our teacher’s house\nSunday of next week.”",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T18:46:22.593",
"id": "68260",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T18:46:22.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "68258",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
68258
|
68260
|
68260
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68263",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I have an exercise which has 3 sets of sentences. The 1st one is supposed\nto be translated using ことになる, the 2nd - using ことになった, and the 3rd - ことになっている.\nThe construction itself is pretty understandable. It means that something was\ndecided not by a speaker, but by circumstances or by somebody else. I get it\nand there's nothing difficult but... let me show you 3 sentences, 1 from each\nset so you could get the idea:\n\n> **1** The time difference between Moscow and Tokyo is 6 hours which means\n> that it's now 11 p.m. in Tokyo.\n>\n> **2** It was decided that we all go to Kyoto.\n>\n> **3** Classes last until 2 p.m.\n\n2 and 3 are easy to translate but I can't understand how to translate the 1st\none\n\n> **1** -------\n>\n> **2** 私達は京都で会うことになった。\n>\n> **3** 授業が午後２時までつづくことになっている。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T21:42:02.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68261",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T10:11:12.653",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-16T10:11:12.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "32464",
"owner_user_id": "32464",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "う/る＋ことになる construction",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "For the translation of sentence number 2, in its current state, the statement\nitself _may_ be true (It sounds like \"It has been predetermined: we will meet\nat Kyoto.\"), but since the trip was decided in the past, the translation\nshould have「～へ行くことになった」or something similar.\n\nIn sentence number 1, the \"which means that\" is the part that corresponds\nto「～ということになる」. In this way,「～ことになる」is also used to indicate a logical\nconclusion. [Here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/17963/34007) it's used\nin a related manner.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T22:11:24.140",
"id": "68263",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T22:11:24.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68261",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68261
|
68263
|
68263
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68264",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> あれは何ですか what’s that? \n> 今何時ですか what time is it now?\n\nI learnt these two sentences from a Japanese learning app. I am confused why\nthe first sentence uses は whereas the second doesn’t. The English translations\nare both in the form “what is...?”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T22:08:44.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68262",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-17T09:01:38.867",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-17T09:01:38.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "When should I use は?",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "The first point to make is that the first sentence can work without the は\n(though it’s slightly informal to drop it) and the second sentence can work\nwith a は (though it’s more common/natural to not have it).\n\nThat said, there is probably a difference in the grammar, which is that あれ is\nfunctioning as the topic in the first sentence, while 今 is functioning more\nadverbially in the second sentence (similar to how the “right now” in “what\ntime is it _right now_ ” works). Perhaps due to this, usage of は in the second\nsentence feels like it has some sort of extra nuance, like contrast. That\nsaid, in a very formal context I feel like people would include it regardless\n(perhaps as a form of\n[hypercorrection](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercorrection)?).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-15T22:20:50.763",
"id": "68264",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-15T22:20:50.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "68262",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "あれは何ですか means \"speaking of that, what is it?\" Here, は indicates that the\nprevious constituent is a topic of our discourse: we're saying we're talking\nabout _that over there_. Japanese doesn't need to have the topic in every\nsentence; if you don't say it, it is assumed you are continuing to talk to\nwhatever the topic was before, or that it is completely understood what the\ntopic is. If you just say 何ですか \"what is it?\", in absence of a previously\nestablished topic in both English and Japanese the most natural response is to\nask for clarification of what the subject was: 何が...？ (or \"What is _what_?\").\nBut if someone points out a thingamajig and tells you they want to buy it,\n何ですか is perfectly natural - you already know you're talking about the\nthingamajig, and re-specifying the topic with あれは is unnecessary.\n\n今何時ですか means \"what time is it now?\" without any specific topic - it is a very\nneutral question, with all the information already present, and nothing\nmissing. If you just ask 何時ですか \"what time is it\", either you have already\ntalked about something (e.g. a friend's wedding, in which case the sentence\nwill mean \"what time is the friend's wedding?\") or it will mean \"what time is\nit now?\" simply because it would be stupid to say \"what time is it\" out of the\nblue and expect someone to know you're not talking about anything but now.\n\nYou can topicalise pretty much anything (except question words) in Japanese.\nThus, 今は何時ですか \"as for now, what time is it?\" is perfectly fine. It does gain a\nslight contrastive meaning (like if you asked five times in the last ten\nminutes, and you're asking yet again - \"what time is it _now_?\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T07:40:18.177",
"id": "68310",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-17T07:40:18.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "808",
"parent_id": "68262",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68262
|
68264
|
68264
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68268",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I often hear \"ひとどうし\" in casual conversation, and I am never sure of its exact\nmeaning.\n\nI am not talking about 恋人同士, 大人同士, 日本人同士, 他人同士, etc.\n\nSurprisingly, 人同士 is not in [my\ndictionary](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8C%E5%A3%AB) nor\n[ALC](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8C%E5%A3%AB), almost no\nexamples show up on the web, so I am starting to believe that \"ひとどうし\" might be\nonly the product of my imagination. I only found those examples:\n\nA:\n\n> そこでは、仮設住宅での状況とは逆に、知らない **人同士** が場所を共有し、対戦して楽しんでいます。\n\nB:\n\n> 外国籍市民を取り巻く友好の輪が広がり、様々な 文化背景を持つ **人同士** 仲良く暮らせるように本書が活用されますこ とをお祈り申し上げます。\n\nC:\n\n> 比較的同じ世代の人達といっても、社会人と学生、フリーターや学校、仕事など、生活リズムが全く異なる **人同士**\n> が一緒に暮らす訳ですから、同じ住居人のライフスタイルはある程度理解し合う姿勢が求められると思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T02:31:00.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68266",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T03:13:33.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 人同士 in these sentences",
"view_count": 292
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's because 知らない人同士 is `知らない人 + 同士` rather than `知らない + 人同士`. 同士 is a word\nthat can be attached to any noun that represents a person (or sometimes an\nobject). There is no grammatical difference between 恋人同士, 友達同士, 先生同士, 似た者同士\nand 知らない人同士.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T03:13:33.317",
"id": "68268",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 5
}
] |
68266
|
68268
|
68268
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "how would you say “There we go!” meaning you got what you wanted, it’s there,\netc? and would “Lemme think...” just be 「そうですね…」？how would you translate that\nin an informal setting?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T02:38:22.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68267",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T05:03:36.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say “There we go!” and “Lemme think...”",
"view_count": 531
}
|
[
{
"body": "These are all very difficult questions to answer. Japanese doesn't have direct\ntranslations from colloquial English phrases, and vice versa.\n\n\"There we go!\" the way you use it could be:\n\n「やった！」 - sounds more like \"[I] did it!\"\n\n「こっち」 - translates to \"this [one/way/place/etc.]\" and would be used to point\nsomething out\n\n「見つかった」 - translates to \"found it\"\n\n「そうですね..」 is sort a general response when following along with a story in\nconversation, or after hearing some potentially new information, or agreeing\nwith what someone says. It's sort of like \"I see..\" or \"is that so..\". It can\ndefinitely also be used to ponder for a time before responding, but the\nmeaning isn't explicitly \"Let me think\"\n\nIf you want to simply fill in time similar to \"uhm...\" in English, you could\nuse 「えとー。。。」 or 「あのー。。。」. If you really need time to think, like you have to\ncalculate or check your calendar or something you could say 「ちょっと待{ま}って」 or\njust 「ちょっと」 which is \"Wait for a little bit\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T05:03:36.363",
"id": "68272",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T05:03:36.363",
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"owner_user_id": "34034",
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"score": 3
}
] |
68267
| null |
68272
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've learned that both of these can be used to mean “I hope that...” or “I\nwish that...” but what is the difference in meaning?\n\n> 「明日晴れといいな。」vs 「明日晴れように。」\n\nDo these have the same meaning?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T04:08:47.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68269",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T12:41:59.837",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-16T07:20:56.603",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 〜といい and 〜ように for “I hope...”",
"view_count": 329
}
|
[
{
"body": "The first phrase translates literally as \"if tomorrow is clear, (I think) that\nwill be good.\"\n\nThe second phrase is a sort of ambiguous shortening of ～ように願｛ねが｝っています, \"I am\nhoping for ~\" or similar ending.\n\nSimilar to a lot of Japanese phrasings, when you are talking about yourself\n(or implying) then emphasis is on a much more personal, closely held\nbelief/feeling/want. However the first is simply stating a logical fact that\nis probably shared by many people.\n\nI think in this case the first one would be more appropriate in a casual, \"I\nsimply want the weather tomorrow to be nice for us all\". But if there's\nsomething personaly important that is dependent on the weather tomorrow (eg. a\nsports game, a vacation), the second phrasing might be more appropriately\nemotional.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T04:50:40.243",
"id": "68271",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T04:50:40.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34034",
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},
{
"body": "Yes, both are used to express wishes and hopes, but the difference is that, if\nyou say 「～といいな。」, you are merely expressing your hope/wish whereas when you\nsay 「～ますように」 you are, at bottom, also appealing to a higher being. That is,\nexpressions of the form 「～ますように。」 are prayers.\n\nWhich is not to say that only religious people say things like「明日晴れますように。」.\nNon-religious people do say things like 「明日晴れますように。」 in much the same way they\nsay 「明日晴れるといいな。」(though probably less frequently than they say the other), as\na matter of idiomatic expression.\n\nNaturally, all prayers are also expressions of wishes but not all expressions\nof wishes are prayers. One example of the contexts where the difference is\nmarked would be when you visit (often more out of social necessity than\nreligious passion) a Shinto shrine and make a wish. What you utter or mutter\n(internally, in most cases), for instance, would be 「世界が平和になりますように。」 rather\nthan 「世界が平和になるといいな。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T12:41:59.837",
"id": "68286",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T12:41:59.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
}
] |
68269
| null |
68271
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68279",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I previously asked a question regarding causative form of verb ([Using もらう\nwith に/を particle and passive/causative\nforms](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/68173/using-%E3%82%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%86-with-%E3%81%AB-%E3%82%92-particle-\nand-passive-causative-forms/68176#68176))\n\nLooking at example sentence 5 (AさんはBさんに病院に送らせてもらう), this translates to \"B\nlet/made (someone/A) send (something else/ someone else) to hospital (as a\nfavor for A)\", or at least is what I wrote, and it seems from the answer that\nthis translation is indeed correct.\n\nUpon reading further on japanese causative forms, I stumbled upon\n<https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/japanese-grammar-proper-\nparticles-with-the-causative-form/> which states that the action taker is\nmarked with the に particle (or sometimes を). Assuming that's the case,\nwouldn't the sentence translate to \"A let B send (someone/A) to\nhospital\"(normally used as first person), where the てもらう/てくれる only serves as a\nmore explicit marker that A \"let\" instead of \"made\" B.\n\nWhat went wrong with my understanding here. Any pointers would be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T05:44:12.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68273",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T07:04:28.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"causation"
],
"title": "て form of causation form when used with もらう/くれる",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[
{
"body": "It bears repeating that this sentence is artificial in that you would normally\nnot twist the sentence that much, and you would use a sentence with 許可 or\nsomething to denote the fact that B-san gave permission for the action. And I\ndidn't notice to mention this previously, but since てもらう is present tense,\n\"let/made\" should really be \"lets/makes\" (present) or \"will let/will make\"\n(future) here.\n\n送らせる (\"to make (sb) send (smt)\"/\"to let (sb) take (smt) (somewhere)\") here is\ntreated as the full verb, so it will never have the simpler meaning of 送る (\"to\nsend\"/\"to take (sb)(somewhere)\") as long as it is used in that form. And since\nに points to the action taker in a passive sentence, here, B-san is the one who\ndoes the direct action 送らせる, while the もらう is the \"action\" (of receiving a\nfavor) taken by the passive party, which is almost certainly (but not\nnecessarily) A-san as given by the は. (You could also interpret this sentence\nto have another passive recipient of B-san's 送らせる and have A-san be related to\nthis in some other way, like \"I (C-san) will have B-san let me take A-san to\nthe hospital\", but this would make the meaning/usage of the sentence even more\nunnatural than it already is.)\n\nてもらう and てくれる would be opposite in meaning here. AさんはBさんに病院に送らせてくれる would also\nsound really weird, but it would technically translate to something like\n\"A-san will let/make B-san take (someone, probably the speaker?) to the\nhospital, and this is considered a good thing by the speaker (who is probably\nneither A-san nor B-san))\". Here I'd assume A-san is B-san's superior and\ndecided to do a favor to the speaker by ordering B-san to take the speaker to\nthe hospital.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T07:04:28.700",
"id": "68279",
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}
] |
68273
|
68279
|
68279
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68278",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading an NHK Easy News article today about the measles outbreak and\ncame across this sentence:\n\n厚生労働省{こうせいろうどうしょう}は、４月{がつ}の終{お}わりから５月{がつ}の初{はじ}めの休{やす}みの間{あいだ}に、はしかのウイルスがうつった人{ひと}は、これから熱{ねつ}やせきが出{で}るかもしれないと言{い}っています。\n\nI translate most of this sentence as: \"The Ministry of Health, Welfare, and\nLabor says that during the break at the end of April to the beginning of May,\npeople infected with the measles virus were not even aware of a fever or\ncough.\"\n\nI'm not sure how to incorporate the これから though with this phrasing though, as\nI've usually seen it as an conjunction at the beginning of a sentence or\nclause.\n\nI think if there wasn't a comma after 間｛あいだ｝ I think I would want to read the\nsubject as \"people who caught measles during the break\" and then これから would be\nan adjective saying \"the fever from the measles.\"\n\nWhat do you think?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T06:42:56.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68277",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T07:34:54.903",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-16T07:34:54.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "34051",
"owner_user_id": "34051",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"interjections"
],
"title": "これから in the middle of a sentence?",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "> **これから** 熱やせきが出るかもしれない\n\nThe これから means 今から, \"from now\" \"starting now\" or \"soon\".\n\n４月の終わりから５月の初めの間に modifies はしかのウイルスがうつった.\n\n～かもしれない means \"may~~\" \"might~~\".\n\nThe sentence is parsed like this...\n\n> 厚生労働省は、『（４月の終わりから５月の初めの休みの間に、はしかのウイルスがうつった）人は、これから熱やせきが出るかもしれない』と言っています。\n\n_The Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Labor says that ［people （who were\ninfected with measles virus during the break from the end of April to the\nbeginning of May） may start to have a fever or cough from now］._",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T06:54:36.463",
"id": "68278",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T07:29:02.447",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 2
}
] |
68277
|
68278
|
68278
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a way to say the two best? Like \"the two best seasons are...\" or\nsomething similar. I'm trying to say\n\n> The two best times to visit Nara are October/November (fall) and\n> March/April/May (spring).\n\nBut I only know 一番. I would love the help. Thanks ahead of time.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T07:47:05.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68280",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-16T08:49:39.850",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-16T08:25:08.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "34052",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Is there a way to say the two best?",
"view_count": 908
}
|
[
{
"body": "As a prefix, you could use 二大｛にだい｝- as in something like 二大政党: two major\nparties.\n\nAs a predicate, 双璧｛そうへき｝ e.g. 奈良を訪れる（に あたって）一番いい時期（として）は、春と秋が双璧だ (though it's\npointless to apply it to 2 out of only 4). You could modify a noun through a\nform of 双璧を成す｛なす｝ like 奈良を訪れるにあたって双璧をなす季節｛きせつ｝は…, but it's extravagant and\nrather nonsensical to your example.\n\nSo, you might want to settle down with 奈良を訪れる一番いい時期は秋と春だ or so. If being two\nis important, you have to somehow express it like 奈良を訪れる一番いい時期を２つ選べと言われたら.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-16T08:49:39.850",
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68280
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68282
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"body": "since they are polite forms are they ever often used in informal settings\namong friends? or would people think you’re being overly polite?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-16T11:36:05.713",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "How often are です and 〜ます used among friends?",
"view_count": 110
}
|
[] |
68283
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "i just saw やっぱり used to mean “after all” and another place it was translated\nas “definitely”. later on was the sentence 「やっぱりこういう風になると」and the translation\nwas “But, when you became like this”\n\nbasically, what are some different uses of やっぱり besides “just as i thought” or\n“i knew it”?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T12:30:37.997",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "やっぱり to mean “after all” + other uses?",
"view_count": 64
}
|
[] |
68284
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68288",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 防衛省によりますと、日米地位協定では日本人従業員がアメリカ軍施設の外に銃を持ち出すことは **認められておらず**\n> 、銃刀法違反の疑いがあるということです。\n\nQuoted from [NHK Web\nNews](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20190516/k10011918211000.html)\n\nDoes it make any difference if I replace \"認められておらず\" with \"認められず\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-16T14:31:27.297",
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"id": "68287",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-16T16:32:00.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "34004",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between \"認められておらず\" and \"認められず\"?",
"view_count": 627
}
|
[
{
"body": "In short, ～は認められず is \"～ is not allowed (, and...)\", whereas ～は認められておらず is \"～\nhas not been allowed (, and...)\".\n\nThis (て)おらず is the negative form of (て)おり, which is a masu-stem of (て)おる,\nwhich is a variant of (て)いる. Therefore, this (て)おらず describes the lack of the\ncontinuation of a state.\n\nAs you may know, おる is basically a humble version of いる. But (て)おり and (て)おらず\nare exceptions, and they work as a neutral but stiffer equivalent of (て)いて and\n(て)いなくて, respectively.\n\nSee:\n\n * [meaning of \"~しており、....\"? isn't that 謙譲語{けんじょうご}?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14698/5010)\n * [日本語中上級学習者のための書き言葉レッスン: 書き言葉の文体：文中](http://web.mit.edu/kakikotoba/renyoo-chuushi.html)",
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68287
|
68288
|
68288
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68292",
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"body": "I wondered why こんな, そんな, あんな and どんな can be used prenominally without any\nparticles. Due to the lack of a proper etymology dictionary in my possession\n(a recommendation would be appreciated), I came up with a theory on my own: Do\nthey originate from こう, そう, ああ and どう + the な used in な-adjectives (the\nattributive form of だ, I hear)? For example...\n\nそうな男 (literally \"a man who is that way\") becoming そんな男 (through sound shift).\n\nIf this were indeed true, how can it be explained that こんな, そんな etc. can be\nused adverbally by putting に after them? Since with な-adjectives, the な itself\nbecomes に.\n\nI'm hoping this isn't too far-fetched!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T17:54:31.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68289",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-19T10:16:47.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"na-adjectives",
"kosoado"
],
"title": "Origin of こんな, そんな, あんな and どんな",
"view_count": 335
}
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[
{
"body": "These are derived (see e.g. the relevant entry on\n[大辞林第三版](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA-506490)) from\nthe following:\n\n> 「この様{よう}」「その様{よう}」「あの様{よう}」「どの様{よう}」\n\nwhich are all adjectival nouns, so using に after them is simply a remnant of\nthis original usage. While this will no doubt seem counter-intuitive to most,\nmore likely than not, it is in fact the な after them that has been eliminated\nin the past, i.e. the words have likely evolved in the following fashion:\n\n> **このよう** な → （ **こんよ** な）→ （ **こんや** な） → **こんな** ~~な~~ → **こんな**\n>\n> / **kono joː** na/ → (/ **kon:jo** na/) →(/ **kon:ja** na/) → / **konːna**\n> ~~na~~ / (eliminated) → / **konːna** /\n\nNo solid evidence exists as to what the intermediate form(s) in this\ntransformation actually was/were, assuming there even was any intermediate, so\nthe forms in the brackets are purely speculative. The reason why な would\nnaturally be removed at the final step is simply due to the fact that\nlanguages in general tend to simplify pronunciation over time, especially so\nas to eliminate redundant sounds. In addition, it is also entirely possible\nthat「こんな」,「そんな」,「あんな」and「どんな」appeared spontaneously, as a form of ancient\n“slang”, without any intermediate form, i.e. directly taking a leap\nfrom「～の様」to「～んな」.\n\nTaking「この様」as an example, the original meaning is something to the effect of\n“the way this appears”. This could be literally in terms of external\nappearance or figuratively, as in “the way things appear to be (here)” or \"the\nway things appear to be (regarding this)\". Similarly, the 「～な」 form could be\ndefined as “such” and the 「～に」 form as “like this”, “in such way” or “in a way\nthat appears (to be) so” or something to that effect. Similar expressions\ninclude\n\n>\n> 「[斯様{かよう}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%96%AF%E6%A7%98-467111)」「[然様{さよう}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B7%A6%E6%A7%98%E3%83%BB%E7%84%B6%E6%A7%98-276227)」「[如何様{いかよう}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%A7%98-430921)」\n\nwhich correspond to「この様（な・の）」,「その様（な・の）」and「どの様（な・の）」respectively (no similar\nform exists for「あの様」). These are used mainly in written form, though, except\nfor 然様 which sees some use in formal speech.\n\n* * *\n\nIn the comments, Eiríkr Útlendi previously voiced support for the following\nhypothesis as a more likely route of evolution from「～の様な」to「～んな」:\n\n> /kono joː na/ → (/konːjona/) → /konːna/\n>\n> この様な → （こんよな） → こんな\n\nNow, since some seem to have misunderstood (based on the upvote/downvote\ntrends), and since he did not mention this in his comment, it should be stated\nclearly that this is only a hypothesis, and as with the one I introduced at\nthe beginning of this post, **no solid evidence exists** that would support\nthis line of reasoning. On the contrary, this hypothesis, while admittedly\nplausible (since it gives a \"path of least resistance\" for the development\nbased on pronunciation), has some clear weaknesses that ultimately make it\nappear much less likely than the one I gave above. Namely:\n\n 1. こんな、そんな、あんな and どんな are used as adjectival nouns, i.e. synonymously with their「～の様」counterparts, like in 「あの日の天気も **こんな** だった」→「あの日の天気も **この様** だった」. If they were indeed derived from the「～の様な」versions, this would necessitate an additional step of generalization of usage for these circumstances, which seems much more unlikely than the additional leap required in the above よう→や→な conversion sequence compared to the ような→よな→な one.\n 2. Related to 1., but very much worth emphasizing: the short forms can be used with に. Given how Japanese grammar works, this type of development would be extremely unlikely under any circumstances if the な had originally been treated like a particle, whereas this would make **perfect sense** if these forms were treated like nouns from the very beginning, that is if they were directly derived from the「～の様」versions instead.\n 3. If we assume that they did, indeed, evolve from the「～の様な」version, there seems to be little reason why similar versions for「～の様に」would not have been created, i.e..:「この様に → こんよに → こんに」or \"/kono joː ni/ → */konːjoni/ → /konːni/\". After all, these would have been derived via the exact same mechanism – in fact, it seems obvious that the people who first started using「こんよな」 (assuming that this intermediate existed at some point) would almost certainly have simultaneously coined「こんよに」as well, and the same would apply to the final forms, 「こんな」 and 「こんに」. While it may not seem so for the uninitiated, a linguist would indeed treat this as something of a puzzle: the people who adopted these forms were logical enough to adopt similar forms for all of the「～の様」 forms; it would go against reason that they then would not apply similar logic to shorten the「～に」forms as well. It is possible that this form was simply deemed unnecessary at the time「こんな」and the rest where coined, but why, then, would these words later have gained the rather awkward (see 2.)「～んなに」form? If the「～んに」forms indeed were unnecessary, it is exceedingly challenging to justify this later development. All of this is easily explained if it is simply assumed that「こんな」and the rest of the series where derived directly from their「～の様」analogues; since currently they are all used exactly in the same way as the「～の様」form which is why we have「こんなに」＝「この様に」, for example, based on this hypothesis there would be absolutely no mystery even if nothing like「こんに」would ever have existed. \n\n 4. I checked some dictionary sources（広辞苑第六版、大辞林第三版、日本国語大辞典、明鏡国語辞典第二版、新明解国語辞典第五版 as well as 学研古語辞典）but none of them listed こんよ（な）、このよ（な）、こんや（な） or こん（に） (nor did any of them hint at archaic usage of such) nor additional information regarding the derivation of these words. However, if an intermediate had existed at some point (which would support the simpler pronunciation-based hypothesis), it would be very likely that some records of this would still exist. Yet there is none, indicating that if they did exist at some point, they disappeared so quickly as to leave little to no identifiable records (= unlikely). This makes the “no intermediate” hypothesis seem significantly more credible, and equivalently casts a shadow of doubt on all hypotheses that are simply based on finding some \"path of least resistance\" for the development of the pronunciation of the words.\n\nIn conclusion, given the available evidence, it is highly likely that the\n「～んな」forms were derived directly from their「～の様」counterparts and not from\ntheir「～の様な」derivatives. However, there is no solid evidence to prove this, and\nit seems unlikely that any additional clues on this matter will surface any\ntime soon.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T19:19:09.693",
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68289
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68292
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68292
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68296",
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"body": "I know that \"しない\" means \"not do\", and \"いられる\" means can exist, but I can't put\nit all together.\n\nMy best guess is that it means \"The mind/spirit that could be here won't do\nit\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T18:43:02.377",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What does もうここにいられる気がしない mean?",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "It means \"I don't feel like I can be here any more.\" See:\n<https://selftaughtjapanese.com/2014/01/06/use-your-energy-useful-expressions-\nin-japanese-which-use-ki-%E6%B0%97%EF%BC%89intermediate/>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-16T18:48:54.990",
"id": "68291",
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{
"body": "～～気がする means \"I feel like~~\" \"I get the feeling that~~\". So ～～気がしない means \"I\ndon't feel like~~\" \"I don't get the feeling that~~\".\n\n> もうここにいられる気がしない。\n\nTo break it down...\n\nもう～～ない not anymore \nここにいられる can stay here \n気がしない don't feel like...\n\nPutting them back together:\n\n> I don't feel like I can stay here any longer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T02:05:09.773",
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68290
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68296
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68296
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"body": "I am a Japanese beginner, and a lot of times I find it hard to distinguish the\npronunciations betweenた/だ, と/ど, ちじ etc. For example, わたし, the pre-record\npronunciation online sounds like “wadashi” to me; 友達 (ともだち）sounds like\n“domodaji”. For the first example, I asked a Japanese friend, he told me\n“watashi” and “wadashi” sound the same to Japanese native speakers, ie. both\npronunciations are acceptable. It’s not I don’t believe my friend, but just\nwant to double check whether it is like what he told me in reality. If there\nis no distinction between the pronunciations of “ta”, “da” “to”, “do” etc.,\nwhat’s the meaning to have different alphabet た, だ, と, ど?\n\nThanks so much",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-16T22:22:52.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68294",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-17T01:34:44.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "33958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonology",
"phonetics"
],
"title": "Pronunciations of と/ど, た/だ, ち/じ",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[] |
68294
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68301",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm sure there are plenty of resources on this topic, but I don't know what\nkeywords to use to find them.\n\nI want to know how you might create a noun by saying that the noun does\nsomething.\n\nFor example,\n\n> _I saw the cow that ate vegetables at the shop_\n\nWould be something like\n\n> 店で[牛は野菜を食べた]を見た。\n\nThe bracketed part of the above sentence is the clause that I don't know how\nto turn into a noun.\n\nNote that I'm not looking for a sentence like\n\n> 店で牛は野菜を食べていることを見た。\n\nThat would mean\n\n> _I saw the cow eating vegetables at the shop_\n\nBecause the cow did not eat the vegetables while I saw it, that's just how I'm\nidentifying the cow.\n\nHopefully, the question is clear. Thanks in advance.\n\n**Edit** Even a name for what this is called so that I can do further reading\nwould be invaluable.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T04:13:30.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68298",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-22T18:48:07.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "30392",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"relative-clauses",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "How to say \"that\" as in \"the cow that ate\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1677
}
|
[
{
"body": "The grammatical term you're looking for is _relative clause_ (関係節 or 連体修飾節 in\nJapanese).\n\nWith this keyword, you should be able to find enough articles, but this answer\nis a good starter: <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T04:32:57.870",
"id": "68299",
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},
{
"body": "Thanks to @ZLK 's comment @naruto 's answer:\n\nThese are called relative clauses. They're constructed by simply writing the\nclause without the subject and then placing the subject afterwards.\n\nThus,\n\n> _At the shop I saw the cow that ate vegetables_\n\nbecomes\n\n> 店で野菜を食べた牛を見ました。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T04:33:55.143",
"id": "68300",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-17T09:10:32.487",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-17T09:10:32.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "30392",
"parent_id": "68298",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "In addition to naruto's answer, I'd like to point out that the relative clause\n\"that\" that's used in English (even in this very sentence) doesn't exist in\nJapanese, simply because the structure of the language is different.\n\nIt might be easier to explain using examples.\n\nLet's look at your sample sentence in English.\n\n> I saw the cow that ate vegetables at the shop.\n\n(I assume here that you mean you _saw the cow ... at the shop_ , and not that\n_the cow ... ate vegetables at the shop_.)\n\nHere, the phrase _that ate the vegetables_ describes something about _the\ncow_. If we rephrase this as an independent statement, _the cow ate\nvegetables_. Translated to Japanese, 牛【うし】は野菜【やさい】を食【た】べた.\n\nIf we want to say something else about the cow, and use the _vegetable eating_\nas a description of the cow, in English we turn it into a relative clause, and\nuse that \"that\" to connect the clause to the noun.\n\nIn Japanese, however, **we don't need the \"that\"**. Verbs and verb phrases can\ndirectly modify nouns, so we just stick the whole verb phrase in front of the\nnoun.\n\nSo if we want to turn the independent statement,\n\n> 牛【うし】は野菜【やさい】を食【た】べた\n\n... into a relative clause in Japanese, we get:\n\n> 野菜【やさい】を食【た】べた牛【うし】\n\nLiterally, _the vegetables-ate cow_.\n\nFor your simpler sentence, you're just saying:\n\n> I saw the cow ... at the store.\n>\n> 店【みせ】で...牛【うし】を見【み】た。\n\nTo add our clause to describe more about the cow, we just add that in at the\n... Again, English requires the \"that\", but Japanese doesn't:\n\n> I saw the cow _that ate vegetables_ at the store.\n>\n> 店【みせ】で **野菜【やさい】を食【た】べた** 牛【うし】を見【み】た。",
"comment_count": 5,
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}
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68298
|
68301
|
68301
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68307",
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"body": "I am a big fan of what I would call \"word games\" that are often found in\nEnglish newspapers like crosswords, cryptograms, scrambled word games, etc.\n\nUsually games like these somehow involve overlapping letters of perpendicular\nwords, rearranging letters to form a word, or something similar.\n\nI wanted to know if there are similar common games in Japanese, not\nnecessarily found in a newspaper. I found\n[Shiritori](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiritori) which is kind of similar\nwhere the last (relevant) mora of a word is used to start the next word, and\nso on.\n\n[Does there exist a poem that uses direction to change its\nmeaning?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25061/does-there-exist-\na-poem-that-uses-direction-to-change-its-meaning) The comments/answers in this\npost may point to these not being common.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T05:48:03.627",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "Word games in Japanese (similar to Newspaper games in English?)",
"view_count": 386
}
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[
{
"body": "> I wanted to know if there are similar common games in Japanese\n\nThere are several of such games in Japanese.\n\n[[言葉遊]｛ことばあそ｝び\n](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89%E9%81%8A%E3%81%B3#),\nliterally \"word play\", might be the word you are looking for. Notice that this\nis connected exactly to \"word play\" in English, if you read the article in\nanother language.\n\nIn this article you can see many representative games, among which anagrams,\nambigrams, etc.\n\nSome popular Japanese word games are\n[しりとり](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%97%E3%82%8A%E3%81%A8%E3%82%8A#),\nwhich you mention as well, a Japanese version of Fictionary called\n[たほいや](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%BB%E3%81%84%E3%82%84),\nand\n[語呂{ごろ}合{あ}わせ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E5%91%82%E5%90%88%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9B)。The\nlatter also have a an English [wikipedia\narticle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_wordplay), from which I quote:\n\n> Goroawase (語呂合わせ) is an especially common form of Japanese wordplay whereby\n> homophonous words are associated with a given series of letters, numbers or\n> symbols, in order to associate a new meaning with that series. The new words\n> can be used to express a superstition about certain letters or numbers. More\n> commonly, however, goroawase is used as a mnemonic technique, especially in\n> the memorization of numbers such as dates in history, scientific constants,\n> and phone numbers.\n\nEDIT:\n\nReading your comments, it seems you want to know if games such as crosswords\nexist in Japanese. They do, there is even [this website](https://xn--\npckua2c4hla2f.jp/) as an online reference. Unless I still don't understand\nyour question.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-17T06:30:19.953",
"id": "68307",
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"body": "The [Wikipedia\npage](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89%E9%81%8A%E3%81%B3)\nhas examples of tons of similar games. Then there are なぞなぞ, that is riddles,\nwhich play with the meanings of the words. [Here's\none](https://www.nazo2.net/syokyuu/) list, although you can basically find an\nunlimited supply on google.\n\nI guess something like [文字パズル](https://android.app-liv.jp/games/puzzles/1724/)\nor possibly 単語パズル could be closer to what you're referring to. I'm not aware\nof any formal term for a game like this, though.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-17T06:30:54.987",
"id": "68308",
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{
"body": "Maybe these [kanji puzzles](https://kanji.kuizu100.net/) fit your description\nbetter, particularly the first row of puzzles: 漢字しりとり, 穴埋め and 漢字分割推理.\n\n## 漢字しりとり (Kanji shiritori)\n\n### Rules\n\nThe goal of this first puzzle is to connect all but two characters into a long\nkanji shiritori train consisting of words that are at least two kanji\ncharacters long. The two kanji that are not connected then form the solution\nto the puzzle.\n\nNote that the reading of a kanji character can differ from link to link, the\ncharacter has to be compatible, not its reading.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wrjs4.png)\n\n### Solution\n\nHere, the shiritori chain is as follows:\n\n> START (top left) → 面談 → 談話 → 話題 → 題目 → 目論見 → 見聞録 → 録画 → 画面 → 面白 → 白骨 → 骨格筋 →\n> 筋力 → 力仕事 → 事業家 → 家庭科 → 科目 → GOAL (bottom right)\n\nThe two characters that are not connected are:\n\n> 体 and 車\n\nThe solution therefore is:\n\n> 車体 because 体車 doesn't exist\n\n## 穴埋め (Fill in the gap)\n\n### Rules\n\nThe aim in this puzzle is to find the central kanji such that CENTRE + RIGHT,\nCENTRE + BOTTOM, LEFT + CENTRE and TOP + CENTRE are all valid two-character\ncompounds. Again, reading is not important here, only the fitting kanji.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qFDd6.png)\n\n### Solution\n\nThe solution to this puzzle would be:\n\n> 愚\n\nWith the valid compounds:\n\n> 愚痴, 愚行, 暗愚 and 凡愚\n\n## 漢字分割推理 (Partial kanji)\n\n### Rules\n\nFor this puzzle, two or more kanji characters that form a valid compound are\npartially shown in a square grid. The solution to the puzzle is the compound\nthat comprises the partially visible kanji.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ASdWK.png)\n\n### Solution (easy puzzle)\n\nThe partially visible kanji are:\n\n> Left: 面, right: 書\n\nThe solution therefore is:\n\n> 書面 because 面書 is not a valid compound\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oYp8f.png)\n\n### Solution (hard puzzle)\n\nThe partially visible kanji are:\n\n> Top left: 効, top right: 果, bottom left: 相, bottom right: 乗\n\nThe solution therefore is:\n\n> 相乗効果",
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"creation_date": "2021-08-24T06:48:24.767",
"id": "89032",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68309",
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"body": "I was looking through very old japanese travel blogs and reading comment\nsections for practice. I ran into this phrase that I can't look up anywhere.\n\nHere's the full page if context helps.\n<http://boniting.com/nappi/2009/10/dallas-world-aquarium.html>.\n\nThis is the sentence that got me thinking.\n\n> 体張ってるかいがある\n\nGoogle translate say it means \"I have a physical fitness\". I'm sure that's\nwrong, though, given how google is. \"\n\n\"張る\" seems to have so many meanings. So I'm not sure what it means if its\nattached to \"体\". Also, what's the function of かい here? Is it related to the\ncounter 回?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T06:19:10.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "34007",
"owner_user_id": "34044",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"体張ってるかいがある\" mean?",
"view_count": 301
}
|
[
{
"body": "It comes from the expression\n[体を張る](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BD%93%E3%82%92%E5%BC%B5%E3%82%8B-467492),\nwhich more or less translates to \"[to put one's body on the\nline](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/put-lay-sth-on-the-\nline)\". Both are also used hyperbolically, as in here, where it's used to\nindicate that the blogger is doing something that they normally (or that a\nnormal person) might be reluctant to do in order to provide more interesting\ncontent. The sentence itself means something along the lines of\n\n> 「体{からだ}を張{は}っている甲斐{かい}がある」\n>\n> \"It's worth putting my body on the line for.\"\n\n[甲斐{かい}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%94%B2%E6%96%90-456608) denotes \"worth\ndoing something\", \"worth to do something\".\n\nAlthough I would presume that you already knew this (since you were able to\nconvert 張ってる to 張る), I will add the following for completeness' sake: the\n張って（い）る (as opposed to 張る) indicates that the speaker does this on a regular\nbasis (/\"that the action continues even as we speak\", in a sense - you can\nfind other examples\n[here](http://This%20would%20be%20explained%20in%20more%20detail%20\\[here\\]\\[4\\],%20for%20example)).\nAlso, the い in ～って（い）る is often dropped in colloquial usage, as has been done\nhere, and this is also why the を has been omitted.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-17T06:41:53.953",
"id": "68309",
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|
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68309
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> なんかお店とかに、こう歩ってて、なんかっす、こう、スベッ、スベッて転んだことが。痛い！\n\nWhat is the meaning of こう how it’s used in this context? And what is the\npurpose of とか？I know なんか is similar to “like” and っす is short for です so it\nseems like this is a pretty informal sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T11:54:14.883",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68311",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-18T12:28:02.170",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Meaning of とか and こう in context なんかお店とかに、こう歩ってて",
"view_count": 360
}
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[
{
"body": "[こう](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%96%AF%E3%81%86-493779) just means \"like\nthis\", from このように. He might literally be demonstrating the way he was walking\nand how he fell as he speaks, but it's more likely that he simply used it as a\nfiller word (in English you might use \"like\" in this way). As such, I believe\nit's used here in a similar sense as the \"like\" in \"I was like walking, and\nthen like, I fell, and it like hurt _so_ bad!\" (liberal partial translation).\n\n[とか](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8B-582055) means \"and such\"\n([here](https://www22.atwiki.jp/2shiki/pages/203.html) are examples of usage\nalong with some analysis), but here it again may be used simply as a filler\nword (in English, \"n-stuff\" might be a relatively close alternative). You\ncould thus attempt to translate it as \"So I was walking to the store n'stuff,\nand then like...\" but it's not quite this obnoxious in Japanese, so the\ntranslation would not be completely faithful to the nuance.\n\nI would add that the なんか is also just filler and could similarly be translated\nas \"like\" or maybe something to the effect of the \"I dunno, like\" in \"I, like,\nI dunno, like, fell, and (...).\".\n\nAnd as noticed by Chocolate, the っす after なんか is likely a mistranscription,\nand it more likely refers to the ス in \"スベッて転んだ\" as the person interrupts his\nstuttering for a moment by interjecting こう. This would ultimately make the\ntranslation of that part go like \"I, like, I dunno, f-, like, fe-, fell, and\nit really _hurt_!\" Something similar may have occurred with the 歩ってて\n(presumably 歩いてて), although apparently this is also used in some\n[dialect](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1115659796),\nso it's hard to say whether this was intentional or not.\n\nRelated: [What does こう in 何ていうかこう\nmean](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57331/what-\ndoes-%E3%81%93%E3%81%86-in-%E4%BD%95%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%86-mean)",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-17T12:22:27.687",
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}
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68311
| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68315",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this phrase from a short manga strip.\n\n> Man: ミチ子さん その金はもしかして... \n> Woman: 元々はあなたの金です。どうぞお取りください。 \n> Man: え？\n>\n> Man: そういうつもりであげた金ではありません！それにこれを取ったらもうおわりってことですよね。 \n> Woman: そうおっしゃらずに。 \n> Man: でもボクまけちゃうんですよ。 \n> Woman: これで終わりにしましょ。\n\nIt turns out they are playing Japanese chess.\n\nMy question is what does \"そういうつもりであげた金ではありません\" mean and how to use this\nphrase.\n\nThank you so so much.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T14:02:07.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68313",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-17T14:12:05.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34067",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What this phrase \"そういうつもりで\" mean?",
"view_count": 795
}
|
[
{
"body": "> そういうつもりであげた[金]{かね}ではありません！\n\nYou'd read the 金 as かね, \"money\", before you know they're playing 将棋. So you'd\nread this line as \"I didn't mean that / It was not my intention when I gave\nyou the money\"... probably like 「別れるときに返してもらうつもりであげたお金ではありません。」 or even \"I\ndidn't give you the money for dating me\", perhaps..\n\nAnd you'd interpret:\n\n> それにこれを取ったらもう終わりってことですよね。\n\nimplies their relationship will end if he gets the money back.\n\nAand... it turns out they're playing 将棋. Then you realise that the 金 was きん,\n金将 (gold general), and these lines actually meant:\n\n> そういうつもりであげた[金]{きん}ではありません！ \n> それにこれを取ったらもう終わりってことですよね。\n\n\"I didn't mean/intend that when I gave you the 金将. \nAlso, if I get the 金将 back, the game will be over.\" (← The man loses the game)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T15:59:09.927",
"id": "68315",
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68313
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68315
|
68315
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’ve seen a few threads about saying “and” but I’m not sure what to do if\nthere’s a time element in the second clause.\n\nFor example, I want to say “I just woke up and I work later.”\n\nWould that be 「今起きたし後で働く。」？ Or 「今起きたそして働く。」？\n\n(I’m wondering if 仕事がある would be more fitting)",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T18:46:30.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68316",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-20T12:15:58.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Saying “and” with two different clauses?",
"view_count": 212
}
|
[
{
"body": "日本語として自然な表現をすると、次のような感じになるかと思います。一部、意訳を含みます。\n\n> “I just woke up and I work later.”\n\n今起きたところなので、もう少ししたら仕事に出かけます。(If later means few minutes. Sometimes 「もう少し」means\nmore longer time, like one hour later or so, but it depends on 文脈 or\nsituations.)\n\nしばらくしたら仕事に出かけます。(same as or a little longer than 「もう少し」)\n\nor\n\n今起きた所です。何時間かしたら仕事に出かけます。(if later means few hours)\n\n> \"I just woke up and I have to go to work in 5 minutes\"\n\n今起きばかりですが、あと5分で仕事に出かけなくてはいけません。\n\nIn the first sentence \"and\" can be replaced with「なので」(reason), and in the\nsecond one \"and\" is used for 「が」(including some negative meaning) as later\npart contains negative sense.\n\n文脈によって、\"and\" の意味が変わってきますので、そこに当てはまりそうな単語に置き換えてしまえば問題ないかと思います。\n\n* * *\n\nNB: about「もう少し」\n\n日本語の「もう少し」が表現する時間は、かなりあいまいです。 数分のこともあれば、1時間あるいは数時間を意味する場合もあります。\n\n例えば、日本のQ&Aサイトで、このような質問の例がありますので、参考にされるとよいかと思います。\n\nFrom Q&A site\n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1339405173>\n\n> Q:もう少ししたら帰るね。の、｢もう少し｣ってどれくらいですか？？\n>\n> A:私の感覚では、大人なら１時間、子供なら３０分、という時間感覚になるのではないでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-19T14:30:36.920",
"id": "68348",
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68316
| null |
68348
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am trying to figure out head-internal relative clauses. A paper I looked at\npresented two versions of the same sentence, one with the head word (りんご)\noutside the relative clause:\n\n> [皿の上にあった] **りんご** をくすねた。\n\nAnd one version where it is inside the relative clause:\n\n> [ **りんご** が皿の上にあった]のをくすねた。\n\nDo these two sentences mean exactly the same thing, or are there differences\nin nuance? When are head-internal relative clauses usually used in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-17T21:42:29.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68317",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-18T11:28:12.210",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-17T23:15:12.423",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "33409",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"parsing",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Head-internal relative clauses",
"view_count": 333
}
|
[
{
"body": "I could have the wrong end of the stick here, but your second example doesn't\nmake sense to me.\n\n### Part 1: regular relative clause\n\nLet's look at your first example first.\n\n> [皿の上にあった] **りんご** をくすねた。\n\nAt its core (haha, pun not intended), we have:\n\n> **りんご** をくすねた。 \n> I pilfered the **apple**.\n\nThe relative clause portion tells us more about the apple:\n\n> [皿の上にあった] \n> [(it) was on the plate]\n\nLooking at the whole utterance, we get:\n\n> [皿の上にあった] **りんご** をくすねた。 \n> I pilfered the **apple** [(that) was on the plate].\n\n### Part 2: nominalized clause\n\nNow let's look at your second example.\n\n> [ **りんご** が皿の上にあった]のをくすねた。\n\nThe core here is more complicated, because we don't have a simple concrete\nnoun as the object of our verb くすねた. Instead, we have the の, which here is\nused to nominalize (make a noun out of) the entire preceding clause.\n\nSo let's look at the embedded clause.\n\n> [ **りんご** が皿の上にあった] \n> [The **apple** was on the plate]\n\nOkay, simple enough.\n\nAfter this, though, we have that の, turning our entire embedded clause into a\nnominalized phrase. This can be a bit messy to translate into English; it\ncomes through somewhat similar to \"the fact that\", or \"the act of\", or\nsometimes by turning a verb into the \"-ing\" form. Some examples:\n\n> ラーメンを食べるのが好きです。 \n> I like (the act of) eating ramen.\n\nNote that this is different from just _\"I like ramen\"_. We're not talking\nabout \"ramen\" as the main noun, but rather about the whole clause that\ncontains \"ramen\" -- in this case, about \"eating\" it.\n\n> 道子さんが東京に行ったのは知らなかった。 \n> I didn't know (the fact) that Michiko went to Tokyo.\n\nAgain, this is different from _\"I didn't know Michiko\"_. We're not talking\nabout \"Michiko\" as the main noun, but rather about the whole clause that\ncontains \"Michiko\" -- in this case, that she \"went to Tokyo\".\n\nLooking again at the whole second example sentence then:\n\n> [ **りんご** が皿の上にあった]のをくすねた。\n\nThe key is that it turns the _whole_ embedded clause into a kind of noun:\nwe're not talking about \"the apple\" anymore, but rather the fact that \"the\napple was on the plate\".\n\nBecause of the verb here, くすねた / \"pilfered\", nothing quite makes sense -- just\ndue to the meaning of the words, this doesn't fit together. The best\ntranslation I can come up with would be something like:\n\n> I pilfered (the fact that) [the **apple** was on the plate].\n\n...??? That doesn't make sense in English. Nor does the Japanese make sense.\n(At least, as I understand it.)\n\nIf you change the verb from くすねた to 見た, that would work:\n\n> [ **りんご** が皿の上にあった]のを **見た** 。 \n> I **saw** (the fact) that [the **apple** was on the plate].\n\n* * *\n\nThe paper in question appears to be this one:\n\n * [**日本語主要部内在型関係節の時制解釈**](http://www.ls-japan.org/modules/documents/LSJpapers/journals/143_nomura.pdf), by 野村 益寛 of 北海道大学, published in 2013 in volume 143 of **言語研究**.\n\nThis seems to have been written by a native speaker of Japanese, which makes\nthat second sample sentence a bit of a head-scratcher for me.\n\nFor the verb くすねる, I'm only aware of the sense _\"pilfer, filch, sneak, pinch,\nswipe\"_ , with the core underlying meaning of _\"to steal something sneakily\"_.\nThere might be a sense of くすねる that I'm missing, which could make the second\nsample sentence work better.",
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"body": "They are slightly different, if not much. The former sounds saying a fact\nrelatively objectively.\n\nOn the other hand, the latter rather means \"although an apple was on the\nplate, s/he stole it\" and it sounds somehow accusive in the sense that it\nshould have been there. In grammar for old Japanese, a similar form is\nconsidered a conjunction.\n\n> When are head-internal relative clauses usually used in Japanese?\n\nI forgot to answer to this part. Speaking of this usage of を, not specifically\nto \"head-internal relative clause\", I personally use it like a weaker version\nof のに in the point of paradoxical sense, mostly in the form of \"…、それをさぁ～、…。\".\nSo, I think I've been using it to some degree. I personally am used to the\nform of HIRC with を too. But I'm not sure other native speakers share that\nsense.",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-17T23:05:16.043",
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"body": "If I wanted to say:\n\n_If I am cooking or washing clothes, please help._\n\n> 料理をしている[or]洗濯していたら、手伝ってください。\n\nI know sometimes か is used to mean \"or\", but wouldn't that be confused with\nthe question of whether I'm cooking?\n\nThanks for your help.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-18T02:50:38.693",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "How to say \"if a is happening or b is happening\" using たら?",
"view_count": 119
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"body": "If you want to keep the structure, you could use したり～している as in\n\n> 「料理をしたり、洗濯をしたり（、掃除をしたり）しているところを見かけたら手伝ってください」\n>\n> “If you see (the person) cooking or washing clothes (or cleaning), please\n> help (the person).”\n\nor if you don’t care about the structure, you could maybe use\n\n> 「料理とか洗濯とか（掃除とか）手伝ってくださいよ」\n>\n> “You really should help with cooking and washing the clothes (and cleaning /\n> other things).”\n\nor\n\n> 「料理や洗濯とか手伝ってください」\n>\n> ”Please help me with (chores like) cooking or washing the clothes.”\n\nUsing か in the way you refer to would not be interpreted as a question (unless\nyou make it sound like the sentence ends there, of course), but it would not\nbe used in this context since it’s used to denote uncertainty. Kind of like\n\n> 「料理をしているか、洗濯をしているか……いずれにせよ、手伝うべきだ」\n>\n> “Whether they are cooking, or whether they are washing the clothes… either\n> way, you ought to help.”\n\nor\n\n> 「料理をしているか、洗濯をしているか、ちゃんと確認してから手伝うべきだ（でないと痛い目を見ることになるぞ）」\n\nI.e. “you should determine whether they are cooking or whether they are\nwashing clothes before attempting to assist them (otherwise you’ll be in for a\nworld of trouble).” Basically, you could use it for hypotheticals in this way.",
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"body": "I found the sentence \"A cloud was sailing in the sky\"\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E6%B5%AE%E3%81%8B%E3%81%B6) :\n\n空に一片の雲が浮かんでいた。\n\nHow is it pronounced?\n\nそら に ひとひら の くも が うかんで いた。\n\nそら に いっぺん の くも が うかんで いた。\n\nI do not know whether in Japanese a cloud is a petal or a slice.\n\n一片【ひとひら】：leaf; petal; piece of paper; snowflake; something flat and thin\n\n一片【いっぺん】：(a) slice; (a) piece\n\n雲 【くも】：cloud\n\n浮く 【うく】：to float",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-18T08:46:19.763",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-18T12:26:38.410",
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"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Do you read the 一片 in「一片の雲」as ひとひら or いっぺん?",
"view_count": 252
}
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[
{
"body": "I would personally read it as いっぺん, but both are used in the hiragana form:\n[いっぺんの雲](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%81%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%BA%E3%82%93%E3%81%AE%E9%9B%B2%22)\n(rare) and\n[ひとひらの雲](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A8%E3%81%B2%E3%82%89%E3%81%AE%E9%9B%B2%22)\n(less rare). I assume the latter is used more often in hiragana form exactly\nbecause the former is what you would normally read it as, hence necessitating\nthe use of hiragana when the intention is to use the latter. ひとひら in this\ncontext sounds kind of \"poetic\" (or \"beautified\") to me.\n\nFor what it's worth,\n[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%B8%80%E7%89%87-434636#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8)\ngives the following example for いっぺん：\n\n> ③ わずかばかり。ほんの少し。 「－の雲」 「－の良心もない」\n\nWith this definition it would often be used together with ～もない or a similar\nexpression though, as you can see in the second example. On the other hand,\n新明解国語辞典第五版 provides the following definition for ひとひら：\n\n> ひとひら【一片】\n>\n> 〔雅〕いちまい。 「―の雪」 [表記]「一《枚」とも。\n\nHere, the〔雅〕denotes the following ([from\nhere](https://www.sanseido.biz/main/dictionary/hanrei/meikoku.aspx#HAN-015)):\n\n> 〔雅〕\n>\n>\n> 雅語。日常のくだけた会話や文章には常用されず、短歌・俳句などの詩的表現や[文語文](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%96%87%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87-623175)に多く用いられる和語。\n>\n> \"Gago: Wago that do not see much use in relaxed contexts, but that are\n> common in tanka, haiku and other forms of poetry, as well as in texts\n> written in literary style.\"\n\nwhich seems to be highly congruent with my initial impression of how this\nreading would be used in practice.",
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"body": "The difference between `Verbても` and `Verbてでも` was discussed in a thread\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6220/difference-\nbetween-%E3%82%82-and-%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82-when-used-with-the-%E3%81%A6-form)\nbut I felt it wasn't fully clarified there. This difference is rarely\nmentioned in textbooks, as far as I can tell. So I thought it should be\nexplored a little more. Maybe we can clarify how the English translations\nwould differ between these two sentences.\n\n> **1:** 体を張っ **てでも** 反対する。 \n> **2:** 体を張っ **ても** 反対する。\n\nI am assuming that using `でも` introduces a weakening of volition, ie \"even if\nI do **something like** risking my life\", as opposed to a more definite \"even\nI risk my life\". But perhaps there is a more subtle nuance. How would you\ntranslate these sentences to highlight the distinction?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-18T10:44:02.917",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "The difference between Verbても and Verbてでも",
"view_count": 412
}
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[
{
"body": "体を張ってでも反対する means that the one who 体を張る is identical to the one who 反対する while\n体を張っても反対する means that those two are different.\n\n * 体を張ってでも反対する： I would rather risk my own body to oppose it.\n\n * 体を張っても反対する： I oppose it even if you risk your own body.\n\nEdit:\n\n> couldn't 体を張っても反対する be interpreted as \"even if I risk my life (body)\"?\n\nPractically yes, but that sounds slip of saying てでも, after all.\n\nIt's not that you can't bridge clauses by the same agant with ても. ( **edit** )\nFor example, you can say 図書館に行っても本を読まない. However, you can't link actions that\nshare the same orientation, in other words, direction of volition (will) with\n**paradoxical conjunction** ても.\n\nSo, you have to remove volitional element from the verb in the clause with ても\nby changing it to a subjunctive mood, i.e. 体を張る → 体を張ることになる, as a whole,\n体を張ることになっても, which is almost the same as てでも.",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-18T11:40:36.247",
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68324
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68325
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68325
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{
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"body": "How does it turn this into a noun clause? All I get from it is “I can do\nsomething” but I don’t see where こと fits in.",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-18T13:24:48.603",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-usage",
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "Why is こと used in 「私に何かできること」？",
"view_count": 584
}
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[
{
"body": "It's short for「私に何かできることはありますか？」or \"Is there something I could help with?\"\n\nA similar and much more common abbreviated phrase is「私に何か用」,\nfrom「私に何か用ですか」or「私に何か用があるんですか？」. I believe the phrase in the example was\ncreated as an allusion (for lack of a better term) to this one, and by this I\nmean that it was likely artificially made to resemble「私に何か用」to make it 'sound\nbetter'.\n\nAnd to be more clear,「私に何かできること」in itself would never be used in isolation. In\nother words, as is often the case in advertisements, what \"sounds good\" (from\nthe perspective of the people who came up with the concept) was prioritized in\nthis case over correct language.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-18T14:49:28.610",
"id": "68329",
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{
"body": "私に何かできること translates to a noun phrase \"something I can do\". This こと is not a\nparticle but a simple noun meaning \"thing\". And 私に何かできる is a **relative\nclause** that modifies こと. This seems to be the first time you asked about\nrelative clauses on this site, but real Japanese sentences are full of\nrelative clauses, and you probably have seen this construction before.\n\nLet's start from this sentence:\n\n> 私には医療通訳ができる。 \n> I can do medical translation.\n\nIn case you're not sure what this に is doing, see: [Why say \"〜、皆には出来る。\"\ninstead of \" 〜、皆は出来る。\" in this\ncontext?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36481/5010)\n\nNext, with [the basic grammar of relative\nclauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010) in mind, you can\nform the following noun phrase from the first sentence:\n\n> 私にできること \n> the thing I can do\n\nSo I changed 医療通訳 to こと, and pulled it out to the end of the sentence. I also\nchanged には to に.\n\n何か [is an _adverb_](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%BD%95%E3%81%8B) rather than a\nnoun here. It adds the meaning of \"some\", \"something\", \"somehow\", etc. (e.g.,\n何か本を読もう = \"I'll read some book\", 何か単語を言ってください = \"Say some (random) word.\")\n\n> 私に何かできること \n> something I can do\n\nFinally, I feel this is **not** something this (seemingly Japanese) lady is\n_saying_ to the other people. Saying \"Something I can do!\" suddenly to people\naround you makes no sense. So it's either a catchphrase of this ad or what she\nis _thinking_ , i.e., \"(So this is) something I can do!\". If you're interested\nin how to say \"Can I help you\" in Japanese, see: [Can I help\nyou?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1465/5010)",
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"body": "Recently I saw it used and I don’t quite get it. The only source i found said\nit was like asking if you would do something or if it’s normal to do\nsomething? Please help!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-19T01:48:50.937",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"slang",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "How to use the colloquial word 「アリ」？",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[] |
68332
| null | null |
{
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"body": "Quoted from a [Sample\nArticle](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20190518/k10011921001000.html)\n\n> 日本は、中国やロシアと隣接し、豊富なエネルギー資源がある中央アジアへの関与を強め **ようと** 、平成16年から定期的に外相会合を開いています。\n\nIn my understanding, this article says that Japan is thought to have ambition\nin getting involved in central asia countries, and **in order to achieve\nthat** , meetings among foreign ministers are held regularly.\n\nI do not think this と is a quotative-と, as mentioned in [a might-be-related\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/45089/%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86%E3%81%A8-how-\ncan-i-translate-it), because the article news does not quote anything\noriginally said by someone. Instead, this と strikes me something like \"they\ndid that because it is analyzed that they have such motive\".\n\nIs \"ようと\" just a shorten expression for \"ようと思われ\" or \"ようと考えられ\"？",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-19T01:55:32.573",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does \"ようと\" usually imply in news articles?",
"view_count": 82
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[
{
"body": "You can think a verb like 考え(て) or して is omitted after と. `Volitional + と` is\na very common pattern, and it can be translated simply as \"thinking ～\",\n\"trying to ～\" or \"in order to ～\". Despite its name, quotative-と has a [wide\nvariety of usages](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/68132/5010), and it\ndoesn't have to mark something actually said by someone. Note that none of the\nexamples in [this link](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/45089/5010)\nincludes quotative-と that is marking something actually said by someone.\n\nThe basic structure of the sentence is this:\n\n> 日本は、平成16年から定期的に外相会合を開いています。 \n> Japan has held foreign ministerial conferences regularly since Heisei 16.\n\nEverything after 日本は and と is the \"quote\". The content is Japan's own strategy\n(i.e., Japan's own thinking) rather than what Japan is thought to be doing or\nthinking. (There is no passive expression whatsoever in this sentence.)\n\n> 日本は、 **「中央アジアへの関与を強めよう」と(考え)** 、平成16年から定期的に外相会合を開いています。 \n> **In order to strengthen the involvement in Middle Asia,** Japan has held\n> foreign ministerial conferences regularly since Heisei 16.\n\n\"中国やロシアと隣接し、豊富なエネルギー資源がある\" is a relative clause that modifies 中央アジア.\n\n> 日本は、「 **中国やロシアと隣接し、豊富なエネルギー資源がある** 中央アジアへの関与を強めよう」と、平成16年から定期的に外相会合を開いています。 \n> In order to strengthen the involvement in Middle Asia, **which is adjacent\n> to China and Russia and possesses rich energy resources,** Japan has held\n> foreign ministerial conferences regularly since Heisei 16.\n\nSo the subjects of 強めよう and (omitted) 考え are both 日本.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T03:07:57.220",
"id": "68334",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68342",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "こんにちは、、、\n\n私はこの文が分かりますが、文法を考えてみると、はっきり分からなくなります。\n\n> 「北斗七星のひしゃくのえの部分を、そのまま曲がり具合に沿って伸ばしていきます」\n\n二つの動詞、二つの副詞が見えます。「曲がり具合に」と「沿って」はペアです。「そのまま」は、「伸ばして」とペアになりますか？\n\nそうなら、「北斗七星のひしゃくのえの部分を、そのまま伸ばしていきます」と言ったら、同じイメージですか？\n\nよろしくおねがいします（＾＿",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-19T05:13:58.213",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "そのまま and parts of speech",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[
{
"body": "はい、「曲がり具合に」と「沿って」が対応し、「そのまま」と「伸ばして」が対応しています。\n\nなので、「曲がり具合に沿って」がなくても文法的には問題ありません。しかし意味は曖昧になってしまいます。「そのまま伸ばしていく」だけでは、直線的に延長するのか曲線として延長するのか不明瞭だからです。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cA3bQ.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-19T12:32:44.463",
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{
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"body": "Take a look at the lyrics of\n[テルーの唄](http://www.utamap.com/showkasi.php?surl=B17197):\n\n> 人影絶えた野の道 \n> ... \n> 虫の囁く草原\n\nAs I understand it, both 人影絶えた and 虫の囁く are relative clauses that modify 野の道\nand 草原, respectively. But why don't we use the particle が here like:\n\n> 人影が絶えた野の道 \n> ... \n> 虫が囁く草原\n\nWhen should I use の or omit the particle?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-19T06:11:39.133",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Difference between が, の, and no particle",
"view_count": 2779
}
|
[
{
"body": "の can be used in place of が in relative clauses, although there are some\nexceptional rules. The basic rule of ga-no conversion is described in this\nquestion: [How does the の work in\n「日本人の知らない日本語」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/5010)\n\nWhen ga-no conversion happens, が and の are almost the same in modern prose,\nbut some sources say the use of の is gradually declining. I personally feel が\nsounds slightly more explicit and objective, whereas の is more \"traditional\"\nand has a subtle aesthetic quality suitable in lyrics and product titles. I\nremember my math teacher always encouraged the use of が because it sounded\nmore academic and objective to him. (The difference is very subtle, and not\neveryone would agree with me. Please do not overthink this.)\n\nIn classical Japanese, a subject marker was not necessary, and you could\ndirectly join a subject and a predicate (e.g., 春が過ぎて = 春過ぎて). This is not\nfound in modern formal prose, but you can still see a similar pattern in\nlyrics and fixed expressions. Especially in this song, the whole lyrics\nbasically follow the haiku-like 7-5 pattern (七五調), so adding が or の to 人影絶えた\nwould break the good rhythm of the song.",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-19T12:11:01.893",
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68336
| null |
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{
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"body": "I read this line from this blog:\n<https://boundary.futureartist.net/diary/104512>\n\n> これはほんまにお酒入ってるのかと疑うほど、甘くて美味しくてなんともならんかった。\n\nDoes \"酒入ってる\" mean drink alcohol? Why not just use 飲む?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-19T10:30:01.710",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Does \"酒入ってる\" mean drink alcohol?",
"view_count": 231
}
|
[
{
"body": "「お酒{さけ}が入{はい}っている」or in the shortened form as in the\nexample「お酒{さけ}入{はい}ってる」means \"to contain alcohol\". The sentence as a whole\nwould translate like\n\n> 「これはほんまにお酒入ってるのかと疑うほど、甘くて美味しくてなんともならんかった」\n>\n> \"This is **_so_** sweet and delicious, it (almost) makes you doubt whether\n> it even contains alcohol.\"\n\nor something to that effect. The \"so (x) that it makes you doubt whether it\ncontains alcohol\"/「ほんまにお酒入ってるかと疑うほど」here is used in the rhetorical sense to\nemphasize how different the taste is compared to that of other alcoholic\nbeverages.",
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"body": "呆れるとはどういう意味か今一つわからないのです。goo辞書で調べると、「あまりに意外なことに驚く」というのが出てきますが、今まで見てきた例を考え合わせてみると、やはり納得がいかないところが残っています。特に、「呆れる」には必ず「驚き」の要素が入っていますか？「ショック」「衝撃」と同じくらい、爆発的な印象がありますか？\n\nそして、三つの例について聞かせてください。\n\n①「同じ過ちを繰り返す自分に呆れた」\n\n * これは「同じ過ちを繰り返す自分に驚いた」に言い換えられますか？自分に期待をなくしたり、失望したりするのは、普通はぱっと成り果てるものではなく、過ちを重ねるほどに成り果てる、段階的な過程ですよね。でしたら「驚く」というより、「うんざりする」「飽きる」という方が正確なのではないでしょうか。\n\n②\n漫画のシーンですが、本を大好きなキャラクターが、たいてい本を好きでない友達に好きな本を見つけたよ！と言われます。うきうきしながら本の名前を聞くと、くだらない本の名前が出てきて、がっかりした顔をしてしまいます。すると、「呆れただろう！子どもっぽいって！」と言われてしまい、必死に「いえいえ、そんなことは思ってない！」と否定しようとします。\n\n * 個人的な解釈ではありますが、そのキャラクターの顔からみたら、驚くのではなく、がっかりしているとしか思えません。ポカンとした顔でもキョトンとした顔でもなく、ただ元気をなくした顔だけですし。でしたらその友達は、「驚いた」の意味で「呆れただろう！」と責め、勘違いしたわけですか？コメディーなので、当たったからこそ焦って否定しようとしていることで、面白みが出てくるわけだと思いますが、勘違いにすぎないのでしょうか。または、「呆れる」が「がっかり」の意味にもなっているのでしょうか。\n\n③\nまた漫画のシーンですが、あるキャラクターが友達に誕生日プレゼントを送ると、顔が嬉しそうに見えないので、「呆れた？」と聞きます。それで友達が「いえいえ！びっくりしただけだ！」と否定します。\n\n * これは大体わかりますが、一応確認したいです。この「呆れた？」は「Are you shocked?」と捉えればいいですか。もしくは、「いやなの？」「Do you not like it?」のような意味になっていますか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T11:10:31.493",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "「呆れる」とはどういう意味ですか？",
"view_count": 30888
}
|
[
{
"body": "「あきれる」には、多少の驚きや意外に思う気持ちは含まれていますが、爆発的な衝撃というニュアンスはありません。溜め息が出そうな気持ちや、[この絵文字\n()](https://emojipedia.org/shrug/)みたいな感じも「あきれる」で表現できます。\n\n明鏡国語辞典で「あきれる」を引くと、「物事の異常さや **言動の非常識さ** などに驚いてとまどいを感じる」という定義になっており、「ふつう驚きとともに\n**非難や愛想づかしの意**\nがこもる」という注釈がついています。つまり、単に「驚いた」という気持ちだけではなく「非常識だ」「バカだ」という気持ちが普通は入っているということです。文脈によっては驚きの意味がほとんどなく、「バカだ、どうしようもない」という意味の方が中心になることもあると思います。あなたの挙げた3つの例はいずれも、「驚いた」よりも「なんてバカなんだろう」という気持ちの方が中心となっている例だと思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T13:04:58.647",
"id": "68345",
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{
"body": "まず、この文脈での「驚く」は、surprised というよりも、disappointed に近い意味で使われています。\nですので、「ショック」「衝撃」のような、爆発的な印象はあまりありません。\n\n①「同じ過ちを繰り返す自分に呆れた」\n\nこれを「同じ過ちを繰り返す自分に驚いた」と言い換えるのは可能です。 「うんざりした」も使えると思います。ですが「飽きた」は使いません。\nこの使い分けを考える場合、この文章に「後悔している」といった意味も含まれていると考えると分かりやすいかもしれません。\n\n②「呆れただろう！子どもっぽいって！」\n\nこれも「呆れる」が「がっかり」を意味していると考えて問題ありません。\nまた「いえいえ、そんなことは思ってない！」と否定しているのは、主に「子どもっぽい」の部分かと思います。\n（特に女性が男性に対して発言する場合）子供っぽさはマイナスのイメージとして捉えられることが多いので、それを慌てて否定するという流れは、結構多く出てくるかと思います。\n\n③プレゼントを渡した時に「呆れた？」\n\nこの場合「呆れた？」はあまり使わないと思いますが、意味は「いやなの？」「Do you not like it?」の方が近いかと思います。\n\nこれは「（プレゼント選びのセンスに）呆れた？」⇒「気に入らなかった？」（いやなの？）という2段階で解釈するといいかと思います。\n\n本来は辞書で、この説明に該当するものを提示した方がよいのかもしれませんが、割愛させていただきます。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T13:30:28.540",
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68345
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{
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"body": "I came across this multiple choice sentence within my homework exercises:\n\n\nI assume that the correct answer is 気に入った. However, the この demonstrative seems\nout of place to me. I would rather use just one modifier, either 自然が多い or この\nlike this:\n\n> 自然が多い町が気に入った。 \n> この町が気に入った。\n\nor, using both 自然か多い and この, I would say something like:\n\n> 自然が多 **くて** 、この町が気に入った。\n\nHowever, I can't understand why and how come both modifiers are put together\ndirectly in this fashion:\n\n> **自然が多いこの** 町…\n\nWhat am I missing here?\n\nThank you very much",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T12:10:58.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68340",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-21T19:55:26.500",
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"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"phrases",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Is it possible to join directly い-adj + この + noun?",
"view_count": 169
}
|
[
{
"body": "この文章は、次のように置き換えて考えると分かりやすいかもしれません。\n\n> この町は自然が多いので、（私は）この町が気に入りました。\n\nこれを短くまとめると、「自然が多いこの町が気に入った」になります。\n\nこれを\n\n> 自然が多い町が気に入った。 （その中でも）この町が気に入った。\n\nのように2つの文に分けてしまうと、最初の文に「自然が多い場所なら、どの町でもいい」という意味が足されてしまいます。問題文では「この町」を気に入ったと限定しているので、「自然が多い町が気に入った。\nこの町が気に入った。」とは言い換えられない事になります。\n\n> 自然が多くて、この町が気に入った。\n\nという表現は（「多くて」の部分が若干不自然に感じますが）可能です。\n\n* * *\n\n求められている解答は「気に入った」だと思いますが、実は「気になった」でも日本語の文章としては正解です。（意味は変わってしまいます。また、前後の文脈も見ながら、どちらが適切か判断する必要があります。）\n\n「自然が多いこの町が気になった」の場合は、「この町は自然が多いので、（私は）この町が気になりました」を省略した形ととらえるのが良いかと思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T14:05:30.180",
"id": "68347",
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{
"body": "> I can't understand why and how come both modifiers are put together directly\n> in this fashion: 自然が多いこの町...\n\nIn the phrase 「自然が多いこの町」, 自然が多い is a relative clause that modifies この町.\n\n［自然が多い］この町 \nThis town ［which has a lot of nature /which is rich in nature］ \n< Its non-relative version is: \nこの町は、自然が多い。 This town is rich in nature.\n\n> Is it possible to join directly い-adj + この + noun?\n\nYes. You can say 「自然が多 **い** この町」, 「美し **い** その町」, 「かわい **い** あの子」 etc. but\nNOT 「自然が多く **て** この町」, 「美しく **て** その町」, 「かわいく **て** あの子」 etc.\n\nWhen combining an adjective and a demonstrative determiner, you use the\nattributive form (連体形) of the adjective, like this...\n\nかわいい子 + あの子 (i-adjective + demonstrative determiner) \n→ ◎「かわい **い** あの子」 but not ☓「かわいく **て** あの子」\n\nきれいな家 + この家 (na-adjective + demonstrative determiner) \n→ ◎「きれい **な** この家」 but not ☓「きれい **で** この家」\n\nCompare:\n\n自然が多い町 + きれいな町 (i-adjective + na-adjective) \n→ ◎「自然が多く **て** きれいな町」 〇「自然が多 **い** きれいな町」\n\nきれいな町 + 静かな町 (na-adjective + na-adjective) \n→ ◎「きれい **で** 静かな街」 〇～△「きれいな静かな街」\n\n優しい人 + かわいい人 (i-adjective + i-adjective) \n→ ◎「優しく **て** かわいい人」 〇～△「優しいかわいい人」",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T15:55:10.857",
"id": "68350",
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] |
68340
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68350
|
68350
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{
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"body": "> 「いろんな種類あるんで。」\n\nIs this just an abbreviation of のです？ Or is it supposed to be ので？ I’ve seen んで\na handful of times so I thought I would ask about it!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T12:38:59.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68343",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-19T16:11:50.733",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-19T16:11:50.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "のです abbreviated to んで？",
"view_count": 260
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is just ので, as you surmised. Since the sentence ends there, it probably\nrefers to something the speaker said just before this. Here you could\ntranslate the ので/んで kind of like the \", you see.\" in \"There's a wide variety\n(of goods etc), you see.\", although in many contexts this would sound weird in\nEnglish.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T12:58:12.183",
"id": "68344",
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}
] |
68343
| null |
68344
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I had just received a somewhat rushed 'transliteration' of a 1 minute video.\nTo me, Shigeru Miyamoto speaks in a way which is extremely difficult to\nunderstand. I am adding the full transcript just for context.\n\n* * *\n\n# Pokemon20: Nintendo's Shigeru Miyamoto\n\n> ポケモン、２０周年おめでとうございます。\n\nPokémon, congratulations on your 20th anniversary.\n\n> すると同時に、最初のポケモンに関わってたプロデューサーとしては皆さん、ポケモン、ここまで可愛がってくれて、ありがとうございます。\n\nAt the same time, as one of the producers on the very first Pokémon games, I\nwant to say thank you for all your kind support.\n\n>\n> こう20年になるんですけども、その6年前ぐらい前から石原さんと、ポケモン作ろうって色々テストをしていまして、これがついつい時間がかかったら実はMother2を作っていたんですね？(<\n> I'm not too sure that this was supposed to be a question.) \n>\n> で、Mother2が終わってさ、本格的にポケモンを作り始めましょう、っていうことになったんですけど僕は、任天堂のGameBoyで通信ケーブルを使った新しいゲームを田尻さんたち一緒に作ろう、ということの立場としてメインでかかっていました。\n\nAlthough this year marks the 20th anniversary, I was working with Ishihara-san\nfrom about six years before that, testing out what would become the first\nPokémon games. \nThe reason it took so long was because we were also working on EarthBound.\nOnce that was finished, we were able to move full speed ahead with Pokémon. My\nmain contribution was working with Tajiri-san and his team on creating a new\nway to play using a Nintendo Game Link Cable to connect two Game Boy systems.\n\n* * *\n\nI am assuming \nで、「対談しよう」っていうことになったんですけど。 。 = So, it was decided to have a conversation.\n\nMaybe its supposed to be:\n\n> で、Mother2が終わってさ、本格的にポケモンを作り始めましょう、っていうことになったんですけど。僕は、~\n\n> それがこう気がついたらこんなにたくさんの色は出る、20年も経つ、本当に、信じられない状態です。\n\nTime flew by, and now there are Pokémon games in so many colours! Twenty\nyears. I almost can’t believe it.\n\nHow does それがこう気がついたら = Time flew by ? \nそれが = that is \nこう気がついたら = after this was realized/noticed\n\nPerhaps Shigeru strings his sentences together too fast. So someone typing his\nspeech out wouldn't be too sure where one sentence ends and another begins.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T14:52:54.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68349",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-09T10:07:40.773",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words",
"usage",
"kanji"
],
"title": "っていうことになったんですけど - meaning?",
"view_count": 1488
}
|
[
{
"body": "I watched the video of the short speech and Shigeru Miyamoto definitely says\n\n**作り始めましょう** 、っていうことになったんですけど...\n\nFirst off, it doesn't matter if there's a period or a comma. Like in English,\nthe meaning stays the same (\"I accept it. However...\" / \"I accept it,\nhowever\").\n\nThen - like you've already demonstrated with 対談 - ことになった means \"it was\ndecided\".\n\nSo what Shigeru Miyamoto said was \"'Let's start making Pokemon!' is what we\nagreed on\".\n\nRemember that っていう figuratively puts quotes around a sentence and treats it as\na thing, that can then be further explained (kinda like _\"the fact that '...'\nis the reason that...\"_ or _\"the decision to '...' is what we agreed on\"_ ).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T20:51:02.963",
"id": "68355",
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] |
68349
| null |
68355
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68360",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Duolingo translates \"Where is the classroom for the Japanese class?\" as\n「日本語の授業【じゅぎょう】はどこの教室【きょうしつ】ですか？」.\n\nI don't understand the construction 「…はどこの教室…」. My instinct would have been\n「日本語の授業の教室はどこですか？」. Are both used? In what circumstances?\n\nMy first idea was that this is a の-adjective, with a literal translation of\n\"The Japanese class has a _where-ish_ classroom\" but the 「…か？」 at the end\ntells me that is unlikely.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T17:13:51.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68351",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-20T08:31:21.470",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-19T23:54:35.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "34083",
"owner_user_id": "34083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "How does the 「どこの」 construction work?",
"view_count": 327
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both your instinct and the Duolingo sentences are correct. The sentences can\nbe translated a little differently, but there's no fundamental difference in\nmeaning.\n\n> 日本語の授業の教室はどこですか？ \n> Where is the Japanese lesson classroom?\n>\n> 日本語の授業はどこの教室ですか？ \n> Which classroom is for Japanese lessons?\n\nI translated どこの教室 as 'which classroom' because that is natural English.\nObviously its literal meaning is \"Where's classroom\", but here I think the\nJapanese choice of question word is more logical than the English.\n\nI'm starting to speculate now because I'm not a native speaker, but I think\nthat having long lists of nouns joined by の is considered bad style. I think\ntwo のs is fine but more than that starts to look clunky. So even though your\nsentence only has two のs maybe the Duolingo one would be slightly preferrable.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T08:31:21.470",
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68351
|
68360
|
68360
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68354",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「彼ももうちょっとがんばればよかったのに..、みたいな…。」\n\nor\n\n「なんか、お腹減った、みたいな…」\n\nJust for some examples. Is it some sort of filler? I understand normal uses of\nみたい but I don’t understand what it means at the end of a sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T19:26:56.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68352",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-08-07T01:38:06.447",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"slang"
],
"title": "What does it mean when みたいな is at the end of a sentence?",
"view_count": 574
}
|
[
{
"body": "Maybe you've heard expressions like みたいな気がする and みたいな感じがする.\n\nみたいな is just a shorter form of that. They all mean something along the lines\nof\n\n * I feel like\n * I kinda think\n\nJapanese use this expression to make the sentence softer/more careful/less\nsure, as to not present it as a fact, but just your humble opinion/feelings.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-19T19:48:25.613",
"id": "68354",
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"score": 5
}
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68352
|
68354
|
68354
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68357",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example, if I was saying something like “Did you buy the groceries?” and\nthen I wanted to add “Or do you want me to?” how would I translate the “or” at\nthe beginning?\n\nAnother example: “Do you like my new car? Or did you not see it?”\n\nMy only understanding of “or” in Japanese is か but that definitely would not\nwork here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T06:01:39.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68356",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-choice",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say “or” at the beginning of a sentence?",
"view_count": 2351
}
|
[
{
"body": "The closest equivalent would be それとも in both cases. \"Or do you want me to (do\nit)?\" could be translated as 「それとも私がやりましょうか？」, while \"Or did you not see it?\"\ncould be expressed like 「それともまだ見て（い）ないんですか？」 etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T06:15:28.253",
"id": "68357",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "While それとも is completely correct, さもないと or さもなければ is another expression you\ncan use which is more formal. It is often given as \"otherwise\" or \"or else,\"\nbut of course there are many English sentences where \"or\" begins the sentence\nwith those meanings. For instance, Weblio has the example sentence しっかりしろ,\nさもなければやめてしまえ (shape up or get out), which it attributes to Kenkyusha.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T17:54:01.910",
"id": "68421",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-22T17:54:01.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
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}
] |
68356
|
68357
|
68357
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69067",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I feel like （私は）彼の前です。 means the same thing as （私は）彼の前にいます。 (I am in front of\nhim.)\n\nAlso 本はどこですか。and 本はどこにありますか。 (Where is the book?)\n\nCorrect me if I'm wrong, but is there a rule for determining when both are\nokay and which is better to use in a particular situation?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T07:20:05.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68358",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-24T19:31:00.617",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-25T07:09:21.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"syntax",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Are です and あります／います ever interchangeable?",
"view_count": 333
}
|
[
{
"body": "Well, in English it may look the same, but you have to pratice thinking in\njapanese to understand better.\n\n前 is a word that indicates direction or movement in space or time, so it needs\na particle to indicate where exactly the object that it refers it is.\n\nAnd you should use います instead of です, because the main subject of it's 私.\nThat's why the correct form is: 私は彼の前にいます。\n\nTry to think of です as the _To Be_ form in English. Thiking this way, you can't\nsay _\"I'm the front of the guy.\"_ you have to put _\"in\"_ in the sentence to\nmake sense, right?\n\nIt's the same when you need to say where the book is. So, saying\n本は机の上にあります。you will be saying _\"The book is on the table.\"_\n\nAs for 本はどこですか。and 本はどこにありますか。 In the first sentence you are asking simply\n_\"Where is the book?\"_ but in the second you're asking where exactly is the\nbook, you're asking for directions to where to find it.\n\nHope it help. I'm not at a high level, but I did my best to explain.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T02:55:57.223",
"id": "69067",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T02:55:57.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "First, I’d say a word of warning: あります and います can be confused with verb\nconjugations in ます form (specifically present progressive form).\n\nあります and います indicate existence, like where something is. It’s similar to\nestar in Spanish if you know that. あります is used for inanimate objects and います\nis strictly used for living things.\n\nです is much more like ser in Spanish for lack of a better expression. It means\ncloser to “is,” “am,” or “are.”\n\nI’m not sure if 彼の前です means “I am in front of him.” Instead, the latter います\nversion is a much better fit. As for どこ, どこ indicates location (where) so both\nwork well. Though あります indicates location where as どこですか is more speaking as\nwhere the book is as a description of a book.\n\n私は日本語を独学で勉強しますだからよろしくお願いします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-01-24T19:31:00.617",
"id": "74060",
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] |
68358
|
69067
|
69067
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Was ~ざりけり used in place of 〜けらず, for example in **知りけらず** , to indicate the\npast tense in the negative form? Did **知らざりけり** exist?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T07:43:54.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68359",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-20T17:38:53.620",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-20T16:58:43.820",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "33977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"classical-japanese",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Are there any differences between 〜けらず and 〜ざりけり? Are they interchangeable?",
"view_count": 146
}
|
[
{
"body": "〜ざりけり certainly existed and was very widely used. This definition includes a\ncouple of examples:\n\n[https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/ざりけり](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%96%E3%82%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8A)\n\nI believe that 〜けらず was actually far less common than 〜ざりけり, at least from the\nHeian period on, and the entry for けり in 大辞林 seems to confirm this – in fact,\nit suggests that 〜けらず disappeared entirely. (The main definition indicates\nthat けり has no 未然形, so there would be nothing to attach 〜ず to; a note at the\nend of the definition clarifies that 未然形「けら」は、「けらず」「けらく」の形で上代にのみ用いられる and\ncites an example from 万葉集.) Also note that 〜ざりけり can and often does have an\nexclamatory nuance. I'm not sure 〜けらず, on its own, conveys quite the same\nfeeling.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T17:25:34.047",
"id": "68363",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-20T17:38:53.620",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-20T17:38:53.620",
"last_editor_user_id": "33934",
"owner_user_id": "33934",
"parent_id": "68359",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68359
| null |
68363
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68366",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Please, see [this related\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/68340/is-it-possible-\nto-join-directly-%e3%81%84-adj-%e3%81%93%e3%81%ae-noun) for more context.\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T15:53:29.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68361",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-21T19:54:23.203",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-21T19:54:23.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"phrases",
"parsing"
],
"title": "What is the difference in meaning between「この自然が多い町」and 「自然が多いこの町」?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this particular case, both この自然が多い町 and 自然が多いこの町 refer to the same thing,\nand they are interchangeable.\n\nIn many other cases, however, placing この at a distant place may introduce a\ndifference in meaning:\n\n * 魚が美味しいこの町 \nThis town where fish are delicious\n\n * この魚が美味しい町 \nThe town where this (particular) fish is delicious\n\n * 妻と出会ったこの町 \nthis town where I met my wife\n\n * この妻と出会った町 \nthe town where I met this (current) wife\n\nこの自然 (\"this nature\") is not something we commonly say, so when we hear\nこの自然が多い町, we usually assume この modifies 町 rather than 自然.\n\nIn general, unlike English, Japanese is a rather strictly [head-\nfinal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_\\(linguistics\\)#Head-\ninitial_vs._head-final_languages) language. That is, if there are two or more\nmodifiers for a single word, they all have to come _before_ the modified word,\nand you may have to determine which is modifying which solely by context.\nJapanese people learn how to avoid confusion by intuition, but it may seem\nhard to learners at first. Basically it's usually safer to place a short\nmodifier like この as closely as possible to the modified word. See this for\nlonger discussion: [Are Japanese modifiers \"greedy\", \"anti-greedy\", or do they\nmean whatever people choose them to\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/46817/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T19:29:46.083",
"id": "68366",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 6
}
] |
68361
|
68366
|
68366
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68367",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A desk is a desk, but is there any important difference between the two words\nfor \"table\"? Here is what the wwwjdic says:\n\n卓 【たく; しょく】table; desk; (たく only) counter for tables, desks\n\n机 【つくえ】 desk\n\nテーブル table",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T16:07:13.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68362",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-20T20:12:38.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31150",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"connotation"
],
"title": "When is a table not a table?",
"view_count": 154
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are several common compounds that include 卓 (e.g., 食卓, 卓上, ...), but 卓\nas a standalone noun is uncommon. As a starter, you can stick to テーブル in\nalmost all the cases where you want to say _table_.\n\nIn modern Japanese, 卓 as a standalone noun is used:\n\n * as part of a few set expressions like 卓を囲む (テーブルを囲む is equally common, though)\n * as a rare and highly stiff equivalent of テーブル, when you want to avoid loanwords for some reason\n * as jargon meaning \"counter\" or \"booth\"; for example, a place like this is sometimes called 卓 in media-related industries: \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kUw3vm.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T20:12:38.543",
"id": "68367",
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68362
|
68367
|
68367
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68365",
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"body": "In english, word capitalization can indicate that meaning word has\ntransitioned into different context and/or scope.\n\nFor example:\n\n* * *\n\n * `The internet is down.` vs. `The Internet is down.`\n * `Batman searched the deck for the joker.` vs. `Batman searched the deck for The Joker.`\n * `On your left, we see the queen Mary.` vs. `On your left, we see the Queen Mary.`\n\n* * *\n\nHow does Japanese indicate a contextual scope changes like `the internet` vs.\n`the Internet`?",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-20T18:10:01.963",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"names",
"orthography",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How does Japanese indicate a contextual scope changes like the internet vs. the Internet?",
"view_count": 179
}
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[
{
"body": "Languages that use Latin alphabet (English included) mark proper nouns using\ncapitalization, but this convention is not something found in every language.\nSee [Alternative marking of proper\nnames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_noun#Alternative_marking_of_proper_names).\nThe Japanese orthography does not have a way to explicitly mark proper nouns,\neither. In most cases, however, marking proper nouns is not necessary; a\nfluent speaker can usually tell whether a word is a proper noun without any\nmarkers, just as you can do so in speech.\n\nThat said, while English has _only_ two types of alphabet (uppercase and\nlowercase), Japanese has at least three (kanji, katakana and hiragana), and\ntheir distinction is very important. In a broad sense, we take advantage of\nthese three \"alphabets\" to distinguish many contexts. This distinction is also\nwhat allows us to read and write sentences smoothly without any spaces. In\nmodern standard Japanese, hiragana are primarily used to write function words\n(particles) and show inflections, katakana are primarily for foreign words and\nonomatopoeias, and kanji are primarily for most common nouns and verbs. See\n[Japanese writing\nsystem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system) for details.\n\nSo we can distinguish some pairs like so:\n\n> * the joker = その野郎 (as a common noun meaning _guy_ or _fellow_ )\n> * The Joker = ジョーカー (as a foreign proper noun)\n> * queen Mary = メリー女王 (as a queen, a common noun, whose name is _Mary_ )\n> * Queen Mary = クイーン・メリー (as a foreign two-word proper noun)\n>\n\nUnfortunately, there is no easy way to distinguish _the internet_ (generic\ninternetwork) and _the Internet_ (WWW) since both are recent loanwords; both\nare rendered as a katakana word インターネット. In such rare cases, imagine how you\ndistinguish them in speech in English. You can simply pick a different word\n(e.g., _the Web_ ), but occasionally you may end up saying something like\n\"This is a proper noun\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-20T18:44:52.127",
"id": "68365",
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68364
|
68365
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68365
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{
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"body": "What is the exact meaning of くれ here:\n\n> Will you come with me? \n> いっしょ に きて くれます か？ / Issho ni kite kure masu ka?\n\nWhy would it not be this instead:\n\n> いっしょ に きて します か？ / Issho ni kite shimasu ka?\n\nOr do they both mean the same thing? If so, is there a different inflection?\nAs くれ signifies the giving and receiving of something, in this example does it\nme the giving of someone's time?\n\nI've only mastered the hiragana syllabary to date, so if you could please\nstick to hiragana in any answers, that would be great.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T22:01:14.920",
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"owner_user_id": "34091",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"subsidiary-verbs",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "くれ in いっしょにきてくれますか？",
"view_count": 2516
}
|
[
{
"body": "The て-form of a verb followed by くれる (polite form くれます) indicates that the\nverb is being done as a favour to the recipient of the verbs action.\n\nくれる literally means 'to give', so いっしょにきてくれますか would translate as \"Will you\ngive (me the favour of) coming with me, i.e. \"Will you come with me\".\n\nThere are other verbs that do similar/related things: あげる, もらう etc. Generally,\nif you search for 'Japanese giving and receiving verbs' you'll find tutorials\nthat explain how all this stuff works. It's way too much to answer in this\nquestion.\n\nAs for いっしょ に **きて します** か, I don't know where you got that from, but I'm\nafraid it makes no sense to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-20T22:45:01.880",
"id": "68372",
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{
"body": "A more grammatical alternative without くれる would be いっしょにきますか？ which can be\nused e.g. as an invitation (i.e. you’re not asking for a favor but just making\na suggestion). Yet another variation is いっしょにきませんか which negates the verb and\nmakes the suggestion more indirect, so could be used if you don’t want to\ninsist and give them an easier way out. Although now that I wrote this down\nit’s becoming more difficult for me to see the difference between the two...\n\nAn aside: while くる／きます is a possible translation of “come”, in Japanese it’s\ngenerally only used when describing a movement towards the speaker/current\nlocation. When talking about going somewhere else, いく/いきます should be used,\neven if English uses “come”. E.g.:\n\nWill you come with me to the party?\n\n> パーティにいっしょにいってくれますか？ (will you do me a favor of going to the party together?)\n>\n> パーティにいっしょにいきますか？ (Go to the party together?)\n>\n> パーティにいっしょにいきませんか？(Why don’t we go to the party together?)",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-21T22:59:11.890",
"id": "68394",
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68369
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68372
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{
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"body": "I’ve seen よく used in a variety of contexts outside of the basic “often” and\n“well”.\n\n> 「よくよくのことがないと実家には帰らない。」\n>\n> 「よく聞いたら試験は、明日だった。」\n>\n> 「よく言うよ！」\n\nJust a few examples. What are some different ways it can be used and the\nmeanings/nuances they carry?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-20T22:06:16.510",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"slang",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What are some special ways to use よく besides “often” and “well”?",
"view_count": 278
}
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[
{
"body": "It has quite a lot of uses outside of \"often\" and \"well\".\n\nIn the form of 「よく食べる」 ~ \"(They) eat a lot\", it would translate to \"much\", \"to\na considerable degree\" etc. This may sometimes be easy to confuse with the\n\"often\" and \"frequently\" definitions.\n\nIt can also be used (often in the form of「よくぞ」) when someone says/does\nsomething that the speaker finds extremely welcome, as a way to \"praise them\"\nfor what they've done. E.g. 「よく来たね」 ~ \"It's nice of you to come\" or more\nliterally \"You did well to come (here)\". Similarly「よくぞ言ってくれた」 ~ \" _Finally_\nsomeone came out and said it.\" (liberal TL).\n\nSomewhat similarly, in the form of「よくここへ来れた」 it may be used to denote that\nsomeone has achieved something impressive. In this example it could translate\nto something like \"I'm impressed that you managed to come here\" or more\nliberally \"Well done; coming here is no small feat.\"\n\nIn「よく言うよ！」, corresponding to \"You're one to talk!\", it's used in the backwards\nsense compared to the above, essentially as a form of sarcasm. Here you could\nthink of it as \"You have some nerve (doing x)\", although in the よく form it's\nmostly used in a more lighthearted sense (as a kind of tsukkomi). On the other\nhand,「よくも」is what someone might say when you're strongly critical of something\nanother person has done.「よくも俺の女に手ェ出したなァ」 ~ \"You've got some guts, laying your\nhands on my woman\" (etc), 「よくもあの人をだましたわね！」would be like \"How dare you deceive\nhim!\".「よくもまあ」 is used similarly, although here the speaker would tend to be\nless agitated.\n\nOther forms:\n\n「良{よ}くも悪{わる}くも」would denote \"for better or worse\", \"in both the good way and\nthe bad way\", \"no matter if it's good or if it's bad\"\netc.「良くも悪くも正義感の強い男だ」would mean \"For better or worse, he is a man with a strong\nsense of justice.\"\n\n「よくよく」is often just an empathetic version of 「よく」, but how you would interpret\nit depends on the context. 「よくよくのことがないと実家には帰らない」 would correspond to something\nto the effect of \"They (he/she/etc) won't go visit (go/return to) their\nparents' home unless they really have to\", where「よくよくのこと」refers to something\nthat leaves a person no choice but to act (in some specific way). This is\nsynonymous with「よっぽどのこと」.「よくよくの愚か者」would on the other hand denote \"(He's) a\nreal fool\"; here the「よくよく」would simply be used for emphasis and again be\nsynonymous with「よっぽど」.\n\n「よくてよ」would be a very specific use case meaning \"It's fine to (x)\" or \"It's\nbetter to (x)\". E.g. 「行かないほうがよくてよ」would translate to something like \"It's\nbetter if you don't go\". This is just a high class lady -ish way to\nsay「いい（よ）」. Another similar one is「よろしくてよ」, and this again makes me imagine\nthe speaker to be a high class female person.\n\nAnother very specific use case would be 「能{よ}く」, which means \"(to be) able to\"\n(although in Japanese I've also seen it interpreted in the sense of \"to be\nhighly capable of (achieving something)\"). This is a kun-yomi for「能」and in\nthis sense unrelated to よく as it is normally used in Japanese. One context\nwhere you might see this used is as part of the (originally Chinese) proverb\n「[柔能く剛を制す](http://kotowaza-allguide.com/si/jyuuyokugouseisu.html)」 , lit. \"The\nsoft can defeat the hard\", which expresses the idea that a weak person can\nbest a stronger opponent in battle (or that a seemingly \"soft\" approach to a\nproblem may at times be more effective than an uncompromising one, etc). You\ncould also see this used as a kun-yomi for「能」 (\"to be able to\") used to\nconvert [漢文](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87-49578) to a\nrelatively readable Japanese version.\n\nAs a side note, this よく should not be confused with 「欲{よく}」, which means\n\"desire\".",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-21T11:32:31.587",
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{
"body": "VVayfarer’s excellent answer covered many of the less obvious usages but I\nwanted to talk about the second example:\n\n> 「よく聞いたら試験は、明日だった。」\n\nIn fact, this sentence does use the normal meaning “well” although it might\nnot appear such on first glance.\n\nLiterally, よく聞いたら could be translated as “when/if (I) asked well” but a more\nnatural translation of the sentence is probably something along the lines of:\n\n“After properly asking (the teacher)/after checking properly, it turned out\nthat the exam is tomorrow.”",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-21T22:28:27.027",
"id": "68393",
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68370
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68383
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68373",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Previously, I learnt basic expressions like “アダムさんは先生です。”,”アダムさんは医者ですが。” I\nthought は functions like “am/is/are” in English. But when I start learning\nJapanese verb this morning, I got a bit confused. “ひろしさんはテレビを見ません。” what is\nは’s function in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-20T22:18:41.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68371",
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"owner_user_id": "33958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the function of は in the context?",
"view_count": 200
}
|
[
{
"body": "は absolutely, definitely does **not** mean 'am/is/are'. That role is played by\nです in your example sentences.\n\nは marks the **topic** of the sentence i.e,\n\n> Thing I want to talk about **は** what I want to say about it.\n\nThere is no equivalent concept in English so it causes a lot of confusion for\nmany Japanese learners. It is commonly translated (very clumsily) as 'as for'\ne.g.\n\n> アダムさんは先生です \n> As for Adam, (he) is a teacher. = Adam is a teacher. \n> アダムさんは医者ですが \n> As for Adam, (he) is a doctor, but ... = Adam is a doctor, but ... \n> ひろしさんはテレビを見ません \n> As for Hiroshi, (he) doesn't watch television. = Hiroshi doesn't watch\n> television.\n\nIn all these examples I'm marking the thing I want to talk about (i.e the\nperson) with は and then saying something about them.\n\nThe topic doesn't have to be just a single noun. It can be a long and complex\nphrase e.g. \"As for that man stood on one leg on the edge of the mountain over\nthere **は** he's going to fall off.\"\n\nIf you're learning from a resource that just teaches you phrases without\nteaching you the grammar properly, you're going to enter a world of pain.\n\nFinally, here's a\n[link](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/22/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-wa-%E3%81%AF-and-ga-%E3%81%8C) that we normally send people to look at\non は/が related questions. It may be a bit confusing at this stage, but it\nmight help.\n\nFootnote:\n\nI wonder if アダムさんは医者です **が** was a typo for アダムさんは医者です **か**. The latter would\nobviously be \"As for Adam, is (he) a doctor?\" = \"Is Adam a doctor?\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-20T23:09:21.430",
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68371
|
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|
68373
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Would it be frowned upon to say for example ぼく instead of 僕？Or わたし instead of\n私？Is it just a stylistic choice or do these have to be in kanji?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T00:19:36.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68374",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-21T01:42:51.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "33900",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Can personal pronouns be written in hiragana?",
"view_count": 204
}
|
[
{
"body": "This depends on the pronoun.\n\n * Some casual first-person pronouns are almost always written in hiragana because there are no ways to write them in kanji in the first place: うち, わい, あたし\n * Some stilted first-person pronouns are always written in kanji: 小生, 朕\n * Many common first-person pronouns can be written both in kanji and in hiragana. Basically it's a matter of taste, but generally speaking, the more casual the situation is, the more frequently hiragana is used. \n * Many adults choose to keep using わたし instead of 私. See: [Why is 私 a sixth grade kanji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62132/5010)\n * 僕 is not even a 教育漢字, but the majority of adults use kanji.\n * 俺 is usually spelled with kanji, but おれ and オレ are not uncommon.\n * 儂 is usually わし, but 儂 is not uncommon in novels.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T02:31:15.117",
"id": "68378",
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| null |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68386",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've run in to many conversations where I was asked something in Japanese:\n「お元気ですか」、how my weekend was, what kind of music I like, describing family\nmembers, etc. After answering, I have the urge to say \"And what about you?\" or\nsomething similar as I would in English. My mostly uninformed intuition is to\neither restate the original question (which doesn't seem natural to me), or to\nsay something like 「「name」はどうですか。」.\n\nI'm wondering if there is a common way to ask \"How about you?\" that has\nblanket use in most situations, or if such a phrase has to be tailored to what\nis being discussed. I expect the one used for 「お元気ですか」to probably involve a\nset phrase that may differ from the rest.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T01:47:22.077",
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"owner_user_id": "34051",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How to ask \"How about you?\" after answering a question yourself",
"view_count": 1301
}
|
[
{
"body": "「○○（さん）は？」「○○（さん）のほうは？」 are some common ways you could say this. However, you\ncan also return the question; as in English, this especially depends on how\nlong the first answer is. As an example, in:\n\n> A：「兄弟はいますか？」\n>\n> B：「残念ながら一人っ子です。 **Aさんのほうは？** 」\n\nreiterating the question could come off as a bit awkward (but then again,\nsometimes you hear people do that). However, if B went on and on about how his\nchildhood days were boring because he was the only child, and then decided to\nask A, it would make sense to go with something like:\n\n> B：「……そして今に至る、と言ったところですかね。」\n>\n> A：「はぁ……一人っ子は大変ですね。」\n>\n> B:「ええ、本当にそうなんですよ。 …それで、 **Aさんのほうは？兄弟はいますか？** 」\n\nAlso, you can use Aさんのほうこそ if you want to give the nuance that A's answer is\nmore relevant in one way or another. Kind of like in \"Forget about me; what\nabout you?\". E.g. (with an [informal\ntone](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E5%8F%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%A1%E5%8F%A3-322480)):\n\n> A:「ねー、Bってさ、ぶっちゃけさ、彼氏とかいるの？」\n>\n> B：「あ、うーん……それがさあ、ずっと探してはいるんだけど全然見つからないんだよねえ。 **Aこそどうなのよ**\n> ？このタイミングでその話を振ったってことは、まさか……」\n>\n> A:「ふふーん、実は…」\n\netc.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-21T13:00:52.147",
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68375
|
68386
|
68386
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68379",
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"body": "I ran into this japanese medical site.\n<http://www.kojinkai.or.jp/msc/outpatient-selfcheck18.html>\n\nThe title \"意識が遠くなる\" stumps me. Best I can guess is \"Consciousness is fading.\"\nIs that right? \"Consciousness becomes far.\" sounds weird.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T01:48:58.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68376",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-21T19:52:55.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34028",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"set-phrases",
"idioms"
],
"title": "What does 意識が遠くなる mean?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "The literal translation is indeed \"consciousness becomes far\". It's a set\nphrase meaning \"to have lightheadedness\", \"to have the feeling of\nfaintness/blackout\", \"to almost faint\", \"to be half-unconscious\", etc. There\nis also 気が遠くなる, which means almost the same thing but has an additional\n[figurative meaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/64921/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T02:35:27.287",
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}
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68376
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68379
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68381",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Which sentence is correct for **example** ,\"They didn't call me/invited me for\nthe meeting!\"\n\nI tried to making below sentences but i am not sure which one is correct(or no\none):\n\n * 私を会議に招待していません。/ 私を会議に呼びませんでした。\n\n * 私を会議に **呼びかけ** ませんでした。\n\nWhat is the **verb + かけ** form? in which case we can use? Thanks in Advance.",
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"owner_user_id": "30591",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"keigo"
],
"title": "What is the verbかけ- form used ? If any examples then please explain",
"view_count": 230
}
|
[
{
"body": "[呼びかける](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%91%BC%E3%81%B3%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B)\nis a compound verb of [呼びます](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%91%BC%E3%81%B6) and\n[かけます](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%8E%9B%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B) rather than a かけ\nform of a verb.\n\nI also think more context to your question is necessary. Has the meeting\nalready happened or is it in the future? To me, in English, \"call me for the\nmeeting\" and \"invite me to the meeting\" have different meanings.\n\n\"They didn't call me for the meeting\" could imply that you would have joined\nthe meeting by phone as opposed to in person and you were expecting the people\nat the meeting to call you. It could also mean that you were not contacted by\nphone and asked to attend the meeting, ahead of the meeting time.\n\n\"They didn't invite me to the meeting\" sounds like you expected to attend the\nmeeting, but knew in advance of the meeting that you would not be attending,\nby phone or in person.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T02:41:37.720",
"id": "68380",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-21T02:49:50.140",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-21T02:49:50.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "34051",
"owner_user_id": "34051",
"parent_id": "68377",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "The most natural (and also the easiest) way to express this would be:\n\n * 私は会議に呼ばれませんでした\n\n...using the passive voice.\n\n会議に呼びませんでした is grammatically correct as a matter-of-factly statement, but it\nwould sound fairly indifferent and unnatural. If you want to use the active\nvoice, please remember there is a set of \"subsidiary verbs of favor\" in\nJapanese.\n\n * 会議に呼んでいただけませんでした。\n * 会議に呼んでくれなかった。(in not-so-formal settings)\n\n呼びかける is a compound verb rather than a form of 呼ぶ. It is closer to \"to call\nfor\" or \"to address\", and it is not a suitable word in this situation. The\nobject of 呼びかける is not a person but 協力, 参加, 寄付, etc. As for the meaning of かける\nitself, please see: [Correct use of\nかけて](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38193/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T02:53:45.147",
"id": "68381",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-21T02:58:48.523",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-21T02:58:48.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68377",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68377
|
68381
|
68381
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68384",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Just as the title says, I'd like to know the difference between 先生に話す and\n先生と話す, since they are both correct (if I'm wrong please correct me)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T09:05:22.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68382",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-03T03:58:15.797",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-03T03:58:15.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "43676",
"owner_user_id": "34093",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What is the difference between と話す and に話す",
"view_count": 647
}
|
[
{
"body": "私は先生と話す means \"I and the teacher have a conversation\", so they talk to each\nother\".\n\n私は先生に話す means \"I tell something to the teacher\", so only I speak and the\nteacher listens to it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T12:50:52.630",
"id": "68384",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-21T12:50:52.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "68382",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
68382
|
68384
|
68384
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As far as I know, both というのは and ということは can be used to give\ndefinition/explanation.\n\n> 留学する **ということは** 、海外で勉強するということだ。\n>\n> ユートピア **というのは** 理想郷の意だ\n\nAnd are also used to make inferences.\n\n> ご意見がない **ということは** 賛成ということですね。\n>\n> ヨーロッパに留学する **というのは** 、英語が第2外国語ということです。\n\nHere comes the question. Are というのは and ということは totally interchangeable?\n\nFor example,\n\n> 何事も最後までやり抜く(ということは/というのは)何事も決して放棄しないということだ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T13:00:26.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68385",
"last_activity_date": "2021-03-31T07:22:27.733",
"last_edit_date": "2021-03-31T07:22:27.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Comparing the usage of というのは and ということは",
"view_count": 322
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think they are interchangeable except one case. When a noun is placed before\nthem, only というのは is used like ユートピアというのは理想郷の意だ, 勉強というのは役に立つものだ and so on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T02:49:42.683",
"id": "68398",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-22T03:15:18.733",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-22T03:15:18.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "68385",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68385
| null |
68398
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68388",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've always thought that 「横」 in 「横になる」 only refers to the fact that you're\nlying as opposed to standing (so you're now horizontal from the point of view\nof a standing person), regardless of your exact position. But when I search\nfor 「横になる」 in Google Images I mainly get pictures of people lying on their\nside. Does the expression imply that position? Can I 「横になる」 on my back, on my\nstomach, or in some other way?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T14:08:51.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68387",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-21T16:11:27.007",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-21T15:29:51.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "12271",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Does 横になる imply a certain position?",
"view_count": 145
}
|
[
{
"body": "Originally it just means \"to lie down\" or \"to sleep\". This you can see e.g.\nbased on an example sentence given for one of the definitions\nfor「横」on『新明解国語辞典第五版』：\n\n> よこ【横】\n>\n> 1. 水平の方向（の長さ）。 「―になる〔＝寝る（時と同じ姿勢をとる）〕」\n>\n\nand on『明鏡国語辞典第二版』:\n\n> よこ【横】\n>\n> ❺ 物の置かれた形が、水平に長く伸びていること。 「ソファーで━になる」\n\nIn this context「横」should then be interpreted as an antonym to「縦」, i.e. as\nlying down (horizontal) vs standing (vertical). So yes, you can「横になる」on your\nback or on your stomach, although you would tend to prefer to use the\nword「寝る」if you want to specify the position like this (i.e. you would probably\nwant to avoid saying「仰向けに横になる」, although a quick google search does return\n[some\nresults](https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22%E4%BB%B0%E5%90%91%E3%81%91%E3%81%AB%E6%A8%AA%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%22)\nfor this type of usage as well).\n\nHowever, I feel some may use it to denote \"lying on one's side\" in particular.\nEspecially if the context is a discussion about sleeping posture (and it is\nimplied that the person is already in bed), then it would almost certainly be\nused exclusively in that sense, as opposed to「仰向けになる（/寝る）」and「うつ伏せになる（/寝る）」.\n[These google search\nresults](https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22%E5%AF%9D%E3%82%8B%E6%99%82%E6%A8%AA%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%22)\ndemonstrate this type of usage; one example would be「寝るときに横になると息が苦しくなり(...)」.\nStill, even then, using「横向きになる（/寝る）」is usually preferable, as it is less\nambiguous in meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T15:08:00.710",
"id": "68388",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-21T16:11:27.007",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-21T16:11:27.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "34007",
"owner_user_id": "34007",
"parent_id": "68387",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68387
|
68388
|
68388
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What does _marumaru_ mean?\n\nFor example, this anime title ひとりぼっちの○○生活 (Hitori Bocchi no Marumaru\nSeikatsu). What does _marumaru_ mean here?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T16:59:50.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68389",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-27T23:22:42.957",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-22T04:25:37.820",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34096",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"hiragana"
],
"title": "I want to know what \"marumaru\" means",
"view_count": 4588
}
|
[
{
"body": "まる is a name of this circle symbol, and `○○` is read out loud as まるまる, なになに,\netc. It is used to make a placeholder or to mask a part of a sentence/word.\nEnglish equivalent is `**`, `__`, \"blank\", \"blah\" or \"bleep\". In this case, I\nthink the author used it just to make the title look more interesting.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [How do you pronounce \"☓☓\" as a placeholder?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12907/5010)\n * [Why censor this one kanji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11810/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T21:41:17.130",
"id": "68391",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-21T21:41:17.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68389",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "○ or × are often used as replacement characters for something that should be\nsomewhat obvious to the reader but is not actually spelled out for some\nreason. One common example is using real life names of people or brands in\nfiction, e.g. マクドナルド→ マクド○ルド. The reasons could include trying to avoid notice\nof the person/company in question for possibly infringing use of their name or\nothers.\n\nHowever, in your example it seems to me rather a filler for a word (which are\noften two characters in Japanese), so possibly you are supposed to fill it in\nusing your imagination.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T21:57:34.260",
"id": "68392",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-21T21:57:34.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "68389",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I think Igor is correct; I'd add the idea that it might be a spot for you to\ninsert your own name. Perhaps it's an easter egg left by the author so you can\ninsert yourself into the title. After all, 'Hitoribocchi no (name) seikatsu\"\nwould roughly translate to something like \"All Alone, (name)'s Life\" or maybe\n\"The Lonesome Life of (name).\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-27T23:22:42.957",
"id": "72788",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-27T23:22:42.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35854",
"parent_id": "68389",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68389
| null |
68391
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68549",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I feel this is really beneficial to have a list for in my studies. The reason\nis if I see an unknown word that I'm reasonably sure has onyomi readings, if\nthe kanji in question have only one possible reading, I can automatically read\nthe word. Score! But if there are multiple onyomi per character, I'm going to\nhave to consider which reading applies. Single onyomi Kanji make for smooth\nreading and learning.\n\nAs for the multiple-onyomi Kanji, I'll be wanting more careful practice, so\nI'd like to know the list of them.\n\nI could find all this out manually by looking up thousands of characters, but\nis this a known thing?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-21T23:36:54.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68395",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-28T23:15:51.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34099",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"onyomi",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "How many Joyo (and perhaps Jinmeiyo) Kanji have only one onyomi?",
"view_count": 1281
}
|
[
{
"body": "* The number of Joyo kanji with only one **Joyo** ON-YOMI is 1789 characters. \n\nOn [this](https://www.kanjidatabase.com/index.php) useful kanji database\nwebsite, you can query Joyo kanji for various criteria. In the ' _Select Kanji\nfrom Database_ ' section\n([here](https://www.kanjidatabase.com/kanji_database.php)), I performed a\nquery where `# of On = 1`, together with what the ON-YOMI is and what the\ntranslation is.\n\nThe results of that query can be seen here: [JOYO KANJI ONE JOYO ON-\nYOMI](https://pastebin.com/6a9e5Jpd).\n\nMy answer does not address the issue of including Jinmeiyo kanji.\n\n**_EDIT:** This is a list of Joyo kanji that have only one Joyo ON-YOMI\nreading, but they may have non-Joyo ON-YOMI readings._",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-28T21:51:50.600",
"id": "68549",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-28T23:15:51.303",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-28T23:15:51.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "25875",
"parent_id": "68395",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68395
|
68549
|
68549
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68399",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does 事前{じぜん} refer to in this sentence?\n\n>\n> その前提{ぜんてい}であれば、事前{じぜん}にテキストを確認{かくにん}しながら、お客様{きゃくさま}の環境{かんきょう}でトレーニングの準備{じゅんび}ができると思います{おもいます}。\n\nDoes it refer to:\n\n 1. \"checking the text\"? -- as in 事前にテキストを確認する。\n\n 2. \"preparing the training\"? -- as in 事前にトレーニングの準備ができる。\n\nFor reference, I translated the sentence as:\n\n\"If that's the case, then while you confirm the text in advance, you can begin\npreparing for the training in the client's environment.\"\n\nGoogle translated the sentence as:\n\nIf that is the case, you will be able to prepare for training in your\nenvironment while checking the text in advance.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T00:50:27.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68396",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-22T03:40:01.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33543",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adverbs"
],
"title": "What does 事前 refer to in this sentence?",
"view_count": 84
}
|
[
{
"body": "テキストを確認する and お客様の環境でトレーニングの準備をする will happen at the same time (that's what\nながら means, after all). So 事前に modifies _both_ , so to speak. In other words,\nテキストを確認しながらトレーニングの準備 as a whole is what you can do in advance.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T03:40:01.563",
"id": "68399",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-22T03:40:01.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68396",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68396
|
68399
|
68399
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68402",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "水中に月を捉ふ爭でか拈得せん\n\nWhat does 拈得せん mean there? Is some classical construction? I cant quite find\nan explanation for it",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T02:15:01.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68397",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-22T09:08:26.550",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"classical-japanese",
"grammar"
],
"title": "拈得せん in a writing by Genkaku",
"view_count": 433
}
|
[
{
"body": "This sentence seems to be from\n[this](http://www.shomonji.or.jp/soroku/shodoka/index.html)\n[kanbun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbun) Buddhist sutra. 拈得す seems to be\na rare word, but from its kanji (拈 =\n[撚](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%92%9A) = pinch/pick/take; 得 = obtain),\nI think it means something like \"to pick out\" or \"to pick and obtain\". せん is a\nform of す (\"to do\") followed by ん for inference. This せん translates to\nするだろう(か) in modern Japanese.\n\n> 水中に月を捉ふ 爭でか拈得せん \n> Catching the moon in the water...how can you pick it out? (i.e., no it's\n> impossible)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T05:15:42.717",
"id": "68401",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-22T05:15:42.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68397",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "As you said, it's from a Buddhist (zen) verse\n[証道歌](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_of_Enlightenment) which is attributed\nto [玄覚](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongjia_Xuanjue). As most of zen works\nare, it's written in colloquial Middle Chinese, not using the usual vocabulary\nof Classical Chinese or Japanese.\n\n * 拈得 \"able to pick up\" ← [拈](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8B%88) (verb) \"catch with fingers\" + [得](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BE%97#Pronunciation_2) (modal) \"have been able to ...; successfully ...\"\n * 拈得せん ← 拈得-す (makes verb) + [む/ん](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%80) (auxiliary) \"will; would; might\"\n\nAs `question + か + verb + む` is a formula in Classical Japanese to make a\nrhetorical question, 爭【いか】でか拈得せん would be translated \"how could (you) pick it\nup? (no you couldn't)\".\n\n(爭 is also a Middle Chinese word otherwise shouldn't have such reading.)",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T06:14:39.053",
"id": "68402",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-22T09:08:26.550",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-22T09:08:26.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "68397",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
68397
|
68402
|
68402
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does the な in the center means.Is it a particle.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T07:26:14.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68403",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-22T19:39:52.203",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-22T19:39:52.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34105",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"na-adjectives",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "便利な工具 what does な means",
"view_count": 908
}
|
[
{
"body": "The word 便利 is a so-called な-adjective. When な-adjectives directly modify a\nnoun, な has to be added between it and the noun it's modifying (hence the\nname).\n\nSo, \"便利な工具\" means \"a handy/useful tool\".\n\nAs for your second question: You can call it a particle in the sense that it's\na small word which serves a grammatical function, but I don't know if a\nlinguist or grammarian would actually classify it as such.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T07:56:44.133",
"id": "68405",
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{
"body": "便利｛べんり｝ is a な-adjective, which is used to modify a noun, in this case,\n工具｛こうぐ｝. When modifying a noun, な must be placed after な-adjectives (便利｛べんり｝)\nand before the noun it modifies(工具｛こうぐ｝).\n\nThe phrase 便利な工具 would translate then, to \"convenient/useful tool(s)\"\n\nI am not sure if most would consider the な a particle, or simply a suffix used\nwith な-adjectives.\n\nAnother name for this type of words is \"adjectival nouns\" since they behave\nsimilarly to nouns in many conjugation patterns. These are contrasted with\nい-adjectives or \"adjectival verbs\" which all end with い in the non-past,\npositive sense and substitute other endings in place of the い when\nconjugating.",
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"creation_date": "2019-05-22T07:56:53.277",
"id": "68406",
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68403
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68405
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"body": "I'm trying to understand the way が is used in the following sentence:\n\n> すると、難しい講義を聞いた後では平均１２３ミリグラムも上がった血糖値 **が**\n> 、面白い話を聞いて笑った後では、平均７７ミリグラムしか上がらなかったという結果が出たそうです。\n\nIn this case I believe it is a \"subject \" marker, but I am not sure what the\n\"subject\" is interacting with.\n\nFrom what I know, when the form X が Y is usually used, X is the subject and Y\nis the action, descriptor, etc.:\n\n> あの犬は **目** が **茶色** です。That dog has brown eyes.\n\nX = 目 (eye) Y = 茶色 (brown)\n\n> 私は **あのケーキ** が **食べたい** です。I want to eat that cake.\n\nX = あのケーキ (that cake) Y = 食べたい (want to eat)\n\n* * *\n\nBut in the sentence above, i identified X and Y as:\n\n> X = 難しい講義を聞いた後では平均１２３ミリグラムも上がった **血糖値**\n\nThe blood sugar level that rose by an average of 123 milligrams after\nlistening to the difficult lecture\n\n> Y = 面白い話を聞いて笑った後では、平均７７ミリグラムしか **上がらなかった**\n\nrose only by an average of 77 milligrams after listening and laughing to a\nfunny story.\n\n\" _The blood sugar level that rose by an average of 123 milligrams after\nlistening to the difficult lecture, rose only by an average of 77 milligrams\nafter listening and laughing to a funny story._ \"\n\nIt doesn't sound right to me. The が makes it sound like the blood sugar level\nthat rose by 123 milligrams, rose again by 77 milligrams.\n\nSo I'm not sure how to interpret this particle.\n\nHere is the full paragraph:\n\n>\n> 糖尿病という病気は、血液中の血糖値が高くなることによって起こる病気ですが、ある科学者が、面白い話を聞かせた後の患者と難しい講義を聞かせた後の患者の血糖値を比べるという実験をしてみました。すると、難しい講義を聞いた後では平均１２３ミリグラムも上がった血糖値が、面白い話を聞いて笑った後では、平均７７ミリグラムしか上がらなかったという結果が出たそうです。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T07:35:43.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68404",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-22T08:00:20.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "27851",
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "How does が mark the subject in this sentence?",
"view_count": 196
}
|
[
{
"body": "At the very core of your sentence, the parsing is as follows:\n\n> 血糖値 **が**`[Number]`しか上がらなかった。The blood sugar only rose by `[Number]`.\n\nAll the other stuff is just details which modify that core statement in some\nrespect. Let's add in some extra details to the core statement.\n\n> 血糖値 **が** ７７ミリグラムしか上がらなかった。 The blood sugar only rose by 77mg.\n\nNow you can add in a clause which modifies the first noun in the core\nstatement - it modifies 血糖値.\n\n> `１２３ミリグラムも上がった`血糖値 **が** ７７ミリグラムしか上がらなかった。The blood sugar which had\n> previously risen by 123mg only rose by 77mg.\n\nDoes it make sense now? The final word in your X clause is 血糖値 because it is\nbeing modified. But it also serves as the subject in your Y clause. So you\nmight translate your sample as:\n\n> \"The results indicate that blood sugar levels, which had risen by an average\n> of 123mg after listening to a challenging lecture, only rose by an average\n> of 77mg after listening to and laughing at a humorous story.\"\n\nBy the way, it isn't clear from the context of the study whether the same\npatients were being tested under both conditions. Therefore, it is not clear\nwhether the exact same person's blood sugar (ie the same blood sugar) was\ntested under both conditions or whether different people were tested under the\ndifferent conditions. This means that there is a little ambiguity in the text\nno matter how you translate it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T09:30:34.720",
"id": "68408",
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"score": 8
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68404
|
68408
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68408
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a light novel and I looked up the meaning of 袂を分かつ, but I\nwonder, can someone explain this expression in more detail as to why it means\nbreak off relations with/part with someone? \nTamoto (袂)is part of the kimono sleeve, so taken literally as 'cutting the\nsleeve' how does it relate to cutting of a relationship?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T09:22:58.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68407",
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"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "袂を分かつ Can someone explain this expression?",
"view_count": 135
}
|
[
{
"body": "There is a useful explanation of this phrase at this link\n[here](https://usable-idioms.com/1784).\n\nA quick summary is as follows:\n\nThe 袂 (たもと) is a part of the sleeve of the kimono which hangs down to the\nside, sometimes even stretching below the hands. In fact, the word たもと appears\nto be a variant of 手元 (てもと). As such, the word took on the additional meaning\nof 'beside', 'next to' [(see\ndefinition)](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A2%82-563105), since it hung down to\nthe side of the body.\n\nThe word 分かつ has the same standard meanings of 分ける, i.e. 'to divide', 'to\nseparate', etc [(see\ndefinition)](https://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E5%88%86%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B).\n\nSo the phrase 袂を分かつ took on the figurative meaning of 'separating from what is\nnext to you'. In other words, to break off a connection with someone who used\nto be close to you. It seems to apply more to non-romantic relationships, such\nas a friendship which has soured or a working relationship with a colleague\nwhich has become strained. The examples listed are:\n\n> この間、ついに大喧嘩してしまい、袂を分かつことになった。\n\nand\n\n> そろそろその人とは、袂を分かつときが来たのかなと感じている。\n\nAnd by the way, please don't confuse it with トマトを分かつ. \n_(That was my attempt at a joke)._",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T11:35:44.773",
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"score": 4
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68407
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68410
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68422",
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"body": "It appears the [未然形]{mizenkei} of **verbs** comes up a lot in modern Japanese\nconjugations:\n\n * Negation is formed as 未然形 + `ない`.\n * The presumptive is a contraction of 未然形 + `(よ)う`.\n * The causative/passive forms, 未然形 + `(さ)せる` and `(ら)れる`.\n\nIn textbooks, i-adjectives also have a 未然形, such as 高い → 高かろ. But it appears\nto be very rare:\n\n * Negation uses 連用形 + `ない` instead.\n * The 高かろう presumptive is [sorta 口語, but old-fashioned and not used in daily life](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/44988/16052). \n(Indeed, I only ever hear 高いだろう.)\n\nIs this 高かろ form used for anything else, or is it somewhat an artifact of the\npast?\n\n> Bonus musings: would it be fair to say that 「高か **ろ** is the 未然形 of 高い」 is\n> an over-analysis based on 高かろう alone? Because I believe 高かろう is formed as a\n> contracted 高か **ら** + _arou_ , and I believe there is a sense in which you\n> can consider 高か **ら** the true 未然形 of 高い. Maybe there are no hard answers\n> here, and [未然形 of i-adjectives is a nebulous concept\n> anyway](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16232/16052).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T12:06:18.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68411",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-23T04:16:33.030",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "16052",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Does the 未然形 of i-adjectives show up in today's Japanese?",
"view_count": 287
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's important to recognize a few things about the purported 未然形 of ～い\nadjectives.\n\n * All of the ～か～ forms are derived by contraction of ～く as the basic adverbial form + あ～ from あり (modern ある). This is sometimes called the カリ活用 ( _kari_ conjugation) pattern. \nよく + あった → よかった\n\n * As such, any 未然形 of an ～い adjective is actually the 未然形 of あり, which is あら.\n\nLooking more specifically at the ～かろ form in your question:\n\n * This isn't actually the 未然形 of anything. This is a later development, and is specific to the volitional. \nThe か derives from the same ～く + あ～ as above. \nThe ろう in the volitional ending is a contraction of らむ: む shifted to う, then\nthe //a// in ら and the //u// combined into //ɔː// (like English _awww_ ) by\nthe early 1600s, as evidenced in the 1603 Nippo Jisho. Then that //ɔː// sound\nmerged with //oː// to produce modern ろう. \nSo the ろ in ～かろ is a weird kind of not-quite-stem.\n\nIf you can read enough Japanese to get around the page, [the 古典日本語の形容詞の活用\n(conjugation of adjectives in Classical Japanese) section of the 形容詞 page on\nthe Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E#%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8)\nprovides a conjugation stem chart. As you can see there, the 未然形 of the _kari_\nconjugation is から, not かろ.\n\nThe chart also shows the endings for the regular conjugation pattern, also\ncalled the ク活用 ( _ku_ conjugation) pattern. Educational grammars describe the\n～く ending as the 未然形, since this is the conjugation stem used to generate the\nnegative. However, I'd argue that there _isn't_ a 未然形 for the _ku_ conjugation\npattern -- the ～く ending is simply an adverbial, and this can be used to\nmodify pretty much any other verb or adjective -- including the negation\nadjective ない. I think this analysis is bolstered by the fact that the ～く\nending cannot take various other auxiliaries that otherwise attach to the 未然形,\nsuch as ず or む. In fact, I've read in a couple places that the カリ活用 arose\nprecisely because these auxiliaries couldn't attach directly to the adjective,\nrequiring a verb with a proper 未然形 in the form of あり → あら.\n\n### Answers to core questions\n\n> Does the 未然形 of i-adjectives show up in today's Japanese?\n\nAssuming you mean specifically the ～かろ ending, only rarely, as described [in\nnaruto's other post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/44985/is-\nthe-volitional-form-of-i-adjectives-often-used/44988#44988).\n\nIf you mean the ～から ending, then no, I can't say as I've ever encountered it\noutside of classical Japanese.\n\n> Bonus musings: would it be fair to say that 「高か **ろ** is the 未然形 of 高い」 is\n> an over-analysis based on 高かろう alone?\n\nYes, as above -- you're correct when you state: _...there is a sense in which\nyou can consider 高か **ら** the true 未然形 of 高い_.",
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68411
|
68422
|
68422
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68415",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I started finally learning kanji's readings not only meanings and words. And\nin two sources I use I see that 何's kun'yomi is なん、なに and on' is カ.\n\nI've seen 何 in many words as\n\nなん: 何度、何と、何で\n\nなに: 何人、何か\n\nど: 何処、何の\n\n何れ (いずれ)、何時(いつ)\n\n * I know, that ど and い readings can be exceptions.\n\nBut never as カ. Are there any words that is it as カ?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T13:26:19.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68412",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-22T13:57:37.443",
"last_editor_user_id": "25875",
"owner_user_id": "33283",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "Are there any words which use 'カ', the on-yomi of 何?",
"view_count": 336
}
|
[
{
"body": "You are correct that there are many more common uses of the 訓読み `なに` or `なん`\nfor 何 when compared with the words which use the 音読み `カ`.\n\nBut here is one example: The word for 'geometry' is:\n\n> 幾何学 (きかがく) -\n> [definition](http://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6-50007)\n\nAlthough it also seems to appear in words like 如何せん (いかんせん) or 如何 (いかが), I\ndon't think those are strictly standard usages of the readings but more of a\njukujikun type (reading by meaning). For example, `い` is not a standard\nreading of the kanji 如 [(see here for\ndetails)](https://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjic/1438.html). Therefore I'm not sure\nthat 如何 qualifies as a usage of the 音読み here.\n\nThere are probably more examples - I will check and edit in others if I find\nthem.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T13:40:57.840",
"id": "68415",
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},
{
"body": "According to kanshudo.com counts, 幾何 and its derivatives are the only words\nthat can be encountered among the frequent lexicon. However, there is at least\n[誰何]{すいか}する “challenging (an unknown person); asking a person's identity”\nwhich is rare but still completely recognizable.\n\nOf course, any (Classical) Chinese word can theoretically be a Japanese one\nread like this; from the 四字熟語 list at\n<http://www.edrdg.org/projects/yojijukugo.html> I find [無何之郷]{むかのきょう}\n[無何有郷]{むかゆうきょう}.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-29T11:38:12.227",
"id": "68561",
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68412
|
68415
|
68415
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68419",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How does one express multiple states of equality? (Probably the wrong\nterminology.)\n\nFor example, \"She is an artist and a poet\" in Japanese.\n\nI know です can be used to show equality. For example:「彼女{かのじょ}は画家{がか}です。」\n\nHow to say both? Something like「彼女は画家と詩人{しじん}です。」?\n\nTIA.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T13:34:44.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68414",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-23T11:37:49.563",
"last_editor_user_id": "33542",
"owner_user_id": "33542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Expressing that something is multiple things at the same time (e.g. \"She is an artist and a poet\")",
"view_count": 334
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this case, for equating to multiple things, you use 「でも」.\n\n> 彼女は画家 **でも** 詩人 **でも** あります。 → She is an artist and a poet.\n\nOr, you could split it up into two sentences.\n\n> 彼女は画家です。詩人 **でも** あります。 → She is an artist. She is also a poet.\n\nSee my answer [on this topic](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1907/78)\nfor more explanation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T14:46:41.747",
"id": "68418",
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{
"body": "There are tons of ways to say this, and which one is preferable depends highly\non the context and what you're trying to emphasize.\n\nIn this particular context, a common way to express it is simply with で.\nLike「彼女は画家で詩人です」. You often hear it in the middle of a sentence,\nlike「画家で詩人のAさんは（...）」([examples](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%AD%8C%E6%89%8B%E3%81%A7%E5%A5%B3%E5%84%AA%22))\n.\n\nAnother one you could use is 兼{けん}.「彼女は画家兼詩人です」would simply translate to \"She\nis an artist and a poet\". This expression is commonly used when a person has\nbeen given two different jobs or other forms of 'duty' at the same time.\n\nYou can also use「XでもYでもある」as in istrasci's answer. This is often used in the\nsense of \"Not only is she an artist, but she is a poet as well\", i.e. to add\nsome emphasis. A version where this aspect is less prominent would\nbe「彼女は画家であり、詩人でもあります」, but here, you would usually put their main occupation\n(or hobby etc) first. This would correspond to something like \"She is an\nartist, and she is also a poet.\", with a formal tone.\n\nA fun way to say this is「Xであると同時にYでもある」([random\nexamples](https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E5%90%8C%E6%99%82%E3%81%AB%22))\nor in this particular case「彼女は画家であると同時に詩人でもある」. This translates to \"She is\nsimultaneously both a painter and a poet\". Here, as you would expect, you\nwould be emphasizing the fact that she is both at the same time (although\nwhether this is actually relevant or not would depend on the context). Another\nsimilar (more normal) expression would be「XでありながらYでもある」.\n\nIf you refer to their line of work as 'what they do' instead of 'what they\nare', you could also use も. Like「彼女は画家も詩人もされている方です」. This sounds similar to\n\"She (is a person who) both paints and does poetry.\" You could also use と,\nlike in「彼女は画家と詩人をやっている」, which would more or less correspond to \"She paints\nand does poetry.\".",
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68414
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|
68419
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68417",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In [this anime trailer](https://youtu.be/2supSiC27XU?t=28) the protagonist say\nthis sentence:\n\n> **正々堂々勝負して** 、あ、みやがれってんだ！\n\nI can't figure out the meaning... Is maybe something like \"Fight like a man!\"\nor \"Don't play rough!\"?\n\nPS: here the [context scene.](https://youtu.be/tXeBkgiBTac?t=3m26s)",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-22T13:55:25.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68416",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "正々堂々勝負して's meaning",
"view_count": 165
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"Fight like a man!\" is more or less exactly what it means in this context.\n\nMore generally, it could mean something to the effect of \"fight/play fair and\nsquare\" or \"fight/play without resorting to cowardly/underhanded means\" etc.\nHere, the speaker seems to refer to the fact that the sitting guy is making\nthe other two fight in his stead.\n\nTo break it down a bit more:\n\n * 正々堂々 means \"fair and square\", \"without resorting to cowardly/underhanded means\". \"Like a man\" is a very faithful translation in this context.\n * 勝負する means \"to fight\", \"to compete\", \"to play (competitively)\" etc.\n\n * ～てみやがれ！ (from ～てみろ) would literally mean \"try to (x)!\" or \"how about you (x)!\". In some contexts you would translate this, e.g.「この一撃に耐えてみやがれ」~ \"(Go ahead,) try to withstand this attack.\" In this context, you could translate it as \"Try fighting like a man!\" or \"How about fighting like a man!\". Still, this sounds noticeably more literal (and clunky) in English.\n\n * ～ってんだ kind of has a similar vibe as adding \"(...), is what I'm saying\" to the end of a statement, or starting a sentence with \"I'm telling you ~\". So the sentence would even more literally become something like \"How about fighting like a man, is what I'm saying!\" or \"I'm telling you to try fighting like a man!\". However, the Japanese meaning is much less literal than this / mainly modifies the nuance, so these too would normally be lost in translation.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T14:23:03.363",
"id": "68417",
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"score": 2
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] |
68416
|
68417
|
68417
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was under the impression that たら was used for \"if this then\", statements. Be\nthey cause and effects or when statements. Whats the difference with と?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T16:55:16.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68420",
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"owner_user_id": "30844",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between と and たら",
"view_count": 482
}
|
[
{
"body": "たら has the nuance of 'if and when'\n\nわかったら教えてください。Kind of like, let me know when you find out.\n\nと means feels more like a natural progression. 'If this happens, this other\nthing will also happen\"\n\n落ちると壊れる。It'll break when it falls.\n\nHope this helps,",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T00:55:30.197",
"id": "68427",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T00:55:30.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18244",
"parent_id": "68420",
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"score": 1
},
{
"body": "と is restrictive. Used only when something naturally leads to something else.\n\n\"Something naturally will cause something\".\n\n * この業界で働くと口がうまくなる。 (When one works in this industry, one (naturally) becomes good at talking.)\n\nたら is often used when the instigating reason or cause brings about a discrete\nchange. The change happens, and then after that, the second clause. There is\nemphasis on the cause happening and then soon after, the second clause.\n\n\"If this thing happens, then after that thing happens, something\"\n\n * 自分のクレジットカードを失くしたら、すぐに報告してください。(If you lose your credit card, please report it ASAP)\n\nBetween the two, only たら can be used as a true conditional (If one does X / If\nX happens, then Y). と can only be used as a conditional in talking about a\ngenerality (If one does X / If X happens , then naturally it becomes Y).\n\nSource: a [conditionals\nguide](https://docs.google.com/document/d/12m5rtGcHPbsP8olwBJfxxf4SLqcaztrk9zxQc7OTI2k/edit#)\nI wrote",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-05-23T02:37:31.790",
"id": "68432",
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"score": 2
}
] |
68420
| null |
68432
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "In declarative statements I’ve gathered that saying just 「これ新聞だ」for example\nwould be too forward or a bit aggressive. So could you just say 「これ新聞」or even\njust 「新聞」for informal sentences?\n\nI understand that い adjectives can be left on their own but I’m just not sure\nhow to write informal sentences with な adjectives and nouns and not using です.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T20:04:26.337",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68423",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T22:08:15.157",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-22T21:41:21.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "33900",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives",
"nouns",
"copula"
],
"title": "Can だ be left off in informal sentences?",
"view_count": 139
}
|
[
{
"body": "I wouldn't say using ~だ is \"too aggressive\", though it does have an aggressive\nfeel to me. Especially if you are talking in an informal setting I wouldn't be\ntoo concerned with it. (It was formal, you would probably be using 〜です anyway)\n\nI think you can often omit the だ for a softer feel, however in practice ~だね or\n~だよ is pretty common, at least in informal conversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T21:20:05.547",
"id": "68449",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T21:20:05.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "68423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "adding だ without a particle ending as Locksleyu mentioned just seems kind of\npointless in informal cases (to my ear). You would typically only add it in\ncombination with a particle like ね or よ. And, instead in informal situations\n(as you mentioned) you would simply omit it.\n\nOf course this is only in spoken Japanese that typically has a \"looser\" feel\nfrom a grammatical standpoint and is based more on the feeling. And, adding だ\nwhere not needed in spoken Japanese does indeed \"feel\" strange and would\nprobably seem strange to the listener, as you mentioned.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T22:08:15.157",
"id": "68452",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T22:08:15.157",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "26816",
"parent_id": "68423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68423
| null |
68449
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "When saying “I miss you” which of these is more frequently used? Do they have\ndifferent nuances?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T21:08:38.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68424",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-22T22:55:29.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"expressions",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Which is more common for “I miss you”: 会いたい or 寂しい？",
"view_count": 960
}
|
[
{
"body": "Depends on the situation.\n\n寂しい is to openly admit that you are also lonely.\n\nWe don't say such a thing as often as American people say 'I miss you'.\n\nThat's embarrassing.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T13:43:57.333",
"id": "68442",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T14:24:09.683",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-23T14:24:09.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "34119",
"owner_user_id": "34119",
"parent_id": "68424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "会いたい in the literal sense means 'I want to meet', it is something you would\nsay to close friends or a partner. The meaning is closer to 'I miss you'. You\nprobably would not want to say this if you wanted to meet friends that you see\nregularly to hang out together.\n\n寂しい translates literally as 'lonely' although in this context can be\nunderstand as'I feel lonely', you might use this to emphasises your feelings\nmore, if you are really missing someone close to you.\n\nThere is also 恋しい which is an adjective used for places or things but cannot\nbe used for people.\n\nJapanese Ammo has a [helpful guide](http://www.japaneseammo.com/how-to-say-i-\nmiss-you-in-japanese/) on how to say 'I miss you'.\n\n* * *\n\nHere are some example sentences:\n\n> 私は彼女に会いたい\n>\n> I want to meet her\n>\n> 私の[地元]{じもと}が恋しい\n>\n> _I miss my hometown_\n>\n> 寂しくなる\n>\n> _I will be lonely_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-20T15:22:44.547",
"id": "72629",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-22T21:54:59.590",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "19278",
"parent_id": "68424",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "寂しい just means lonely; you can miss some specific person without being lonely\nin general.\n\nOften, the meaning of \"I miss you\" is expressed with 会いたい. It appears in songs\nquite a lot (君を会いたくて、会いたくて). But of course that is literally about wanting to\nget together, not about the feeling of that person lacking, which are not\nexactly the same.\n\nThe problem is that sometimes you want to meet someone without missing them\nand that is also covered by 会いたい. Maybe you want to meet someone famous, whom\nyou've never met; in English you can't say that you miss that person.\n\nThere are more direct ways to say \"I miss\": the verbs 恋しがる (がる form of 恋しい),\nand 懐かしむ.\n\n> 君を恋しがっているんだよ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-22T22:55:29.933",
"id": "72681",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-22T22:55:29.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1266",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
] |
68424
| null |
68442
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68426",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For context, in the light novel Hige wo Soru, Soshite Joshikousei wo Hirou's\nchapter 12:\n\nthe main character Yoshida leaves for work and his friend Sayu is left alone\nat their apartment. He's thought before that she must be bored at home all day\nwhile he's gone. This chapter is from her perspective, and she explains the\nshe feels lonely now that he's left and later she starts idly thinking to\nherself about Yoshida while she does dishes, thinking that Yoshida is probably\nat the station and should've boarded the train by now. Then there're these\nlines:\n\n> そんなことを考｛かんが｝えて、すぐに可笑｛おか｝しくなった。\n>\n> 「電車｛でんしゃ｝に乗｛の｝ってたらなんだっていうんだろね」\n>\n> どれだけ独｛ひと｝り言｛ごと｝を言｛い｝っても、聞｛き｝いている人｛ひと｝はいないし、返事｛へんじ｝をする人｛ひと｝はいない。\n\nThe first and third lines make sense to me.\n\nBut the second one's really confusing. I don't understand how the ってたら, the\nなんだって, and the いうんだろね all connect. Can someone help me please?\n\nFor further context, after these lines she starts thinking about how she talks\nto herself a lot when Yoshida's gone.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-22T23:29:12.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68425",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T07:21:07.507",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-23T07:21:07.507",
"last_editor_user_id": "34007",
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conditionals",
"particle-って",
"particle-ね",
"explanatory-の"
],
"title": "What does「電車に乗ってたらなんだっていうんだろね」mean in this context?",
"view_count": 338
}
|
[
{
"body": "Ignore my suggestion in the comments! Actually I think the way you should\ninterpret this is \"what difference does it make if he's riding the train?\"\nGrammatically some key points are:\n\n乗ってたら is a contraction is 乗っていたら, which is a condition of 乗っている (\"is riding\")\n\nなんだっていうんだ is kind of a set expression for \"what difference does it make?\"\nそれがどうした is another expression with the same meaning. You could also translate\nit as \"so what?\", \"who cares?\", and so on.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T00:36:49.277",
"id": "68426",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T00:42:38.117",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-23T00:42:38.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "5379",
"owner_user_id": "5379",
"parent_id": "68425",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
68425
|
68426
|
68426
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68430",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ティーゼル:\n>\n> うぐっ！まだ潰れちゃいねえよ \n> 今月の運転資金が、ちいとばかし苦しいから \n> 軽くバイトするだけのこったよ\n\nTeisel: Gaahh! No, it hasn't gone under! We're just, a little in the red this\nmonth, that's all! Just need a little extra cash to make ends meet!\n\nResponse I received from someone: Guuu! I’m not bankrupted yet.\n\nI’m just having a bit of a hard time getting some working capital.\n\nI'll just do a bit of part-time work.\n\n軽く = light, a little\n\nバイト = part time job\n\nするだけのこったよ（= するだけのことだよ） = only just do\n\nSo I'm only just confused about ちいとばかし苦しいから I've never read or heard ちいとばかし\nbefore so please explain this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T01:38:11.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68429",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T01:54:19.870",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-23T01:54:19.870",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "ちいとばかし苦しいから extra cash to make ends meet",
"view_count": 80
}
|
[
{
"body": "[ちいと](http://19113be104ef68ba6094f31cd078121957609d7b2e189c575dc271cfeda9d93e)\n(ちっと) is a colloquial and a little dialectal variant of ちょっと. ばかし is a\ncolloquial variant of ばかり.\n\nSo ちいとばかし is the same as ちょっとばかり or ちょっとだけ (\"only a little bit\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T01:50:03.840",
"id": "68430",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T01:50:03.840",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68429
|
68430
|
68430
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When writing hiragana and katakana, does the position of the dakuten and\nhandakuten matter? I know it should always be placed after the character but\nthere also some questions like these:\n\nWhat should the space between the dakuten and character?\n\nShould the dakuten be placed on the same level as the very top of the\ncharacter? Or could it exceed than the very top of the character?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T08:36:08.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68433",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-17T12:02:40.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34113",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Where to put the dakuten and handakuten?",
"view_count": 651
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, it matters. They are placed around the top-right corner, mostly.\n\nがぎぐげご\n\nざじずぜぞ\n\nだぢづでど\n\nばびぶべぼ\n\nぱぴぷぺぽ\n\nで seems to be the odd one out. Doesn't have to be perfect, as long as it's\nthere.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T10:27:49.570",
"id": "68436",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T10:27:49.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33542",
"parent_id": "68433",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68433
| null |
68436
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68437",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I first found this here: <https://www.ettoh.jp/>\n\n> 楽酒＝気楽なお酒\n\nDoes this mean the drink is easy to drink? Or that it's meant to be drunk in a\ncarefree setting? One example I was taught for 気楽 is in 気楽なパーティ (informal\nparty).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T10:21:07.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68435",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-24T07:22:37.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "33999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"adjectives",
"food"
],
"title": "What does 気楽 mean when attached to ビール or お酒？",
"view_count": 302
}
|
[
{
"body": "気楽な corresponds to 気が楽 and describes feeling at ease or relaxed, a semi-\nliteral translation of the latter might be \"ease of mind\".\n\n\"Easy\" itself has several meanings in English, and \"easy to drink\" would not\nnecessarily be interpreted as meaning the opposite of \"technically difficult\nto drink\".\n\nIn any case, translating 気楽なお酒 as an \"easy drink\" would be better than \"a\ndrink supposed to be drunk in a carefree setting\".\n\nBut really, 気楽なお酒 is just associating \"ease of mind\" with \"drink\". It's\ncertainly not about the technicalities of whether it's easy to swallow, but\nalso not about whether it's meant to be drunk in a certain setting. It's just\na drink that they want you to associate with a relaxed situation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T10:57:07.507",
"id": "68437",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "68435",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
68435
|
68437
|
68437
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68440",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Was browsing through japanes IG pages and saw this post\n<https://www.instagram.com/p/Bp61vFtAdFo/?hl=ja>\n\nSomeone left this comment.\n\n> ボヘミアンラプソディ！！ 腰抜けるぐらいよかった！！\n\nHaven't found what it means on any online dictionary but I did find other\nuses. There's a whole hashtag of it in twitter, it looks like.\n\nFor example, there's this one.\n\n> まずい聞こえたか。 恥ずかしい。 腰抜ける\n\nTo my knowledge, the first 2 would translate as \"Did it sound bad? This is\nembarassing.\" No idea about the last one, though. 腰 and 抜ける seems to have a\nlot of possible meanings in the dictionary.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T11:07:04.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68438",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T02:44:34.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34044",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"腰抜ける\" mean?",
"view_count": 230
}
|
[
{
"body": "> まずい聞こえたか。 恥ずかしい。 腰抜ける\n\nI would translate this into something like this.\n\n> Oh Jesus, anybody heard it (what I said or what I did)? Freaking\n> embarrassing. Scares the shit out of me.\n\nBut I don't know the exact situation the person is in. Not 100% sure.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T13:21:52.050",
"id": "68440",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T02:44:34.793",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-24T02:44:34.793",
"last_editor_user_id": "34119",
"owner_user_id": "34119",
"parent_id": "68438",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68438
|
68440
|
68440
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68444",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 何者かによってチョコが舐め取られてる\n\nFound it here where people talked about the pocky\nsnack.<http://ogiri.doorblog.jp/>\n\nIs this \"舐め取られてる\" just another way of saying 舐める as in \"to underestimate\"?\nDoes it mean lick or taste here because of the subject?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T15:10:41.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68443",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T16:23:26.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"舐め取られてる\" mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 223
}
|
[
{
"body": "「舐め取る」just means “to lick off”, similar to「舐めて取る」or ”take (something) off by\nlicking”.\n\nIn the form of「舐め取られて（い）る」it can either mean that ”something is being licked\noff” or alternatively that ”something has (already) been licked off”. Based on\nthe context, in this case, it clearly denotes the latter.\n\nThis is an ”oogiri”, so people are not actually discussing the snack, but\nrather trying to come up with fun (ideally, funny) answers to the given\nsubject. In this case, the subject is「こんなポッキーは嫌だ」, i.e. something to the\neffect of “I would hate this type of pocky” or \"This is the last thing I would\nwant to see when I take out a stick of pocky out of the box\" etc.\n\nThe post in question replies to this subject with “(When you look at the pocky\nsticks, you notice that) someone has licked off all of the chocolate”.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T15:50:38.877",
"id": "68444",
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"last_editor_user_id": "34007",
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"parent_id": "68443",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
68443
|
68444
|
68444
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68447",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a manga and the grammar of this phrase kinda confused me:\n\n> 今日三条くんの会社からなかったことにしてくれって連絡あったらしくて。\n\nFor context, the character is saying this to a second character about a third\ncharacter's company, but the sense of the phrase just isn't clear to me. Can\nsomeone help me break it down to understand it better?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T18:30:18.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68445",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-23T19:38:48.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "34120",
"owner_user_id": "34120",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"phrases",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Help a translating this phrase",
"view_count": 72
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 今日/三条くん/の/会社/から/なかった/こと/に/してくれ/って/連絡/あった/らしくて。\n>\n> Apparently, we have been contacted today by Sanjo's company, and they told\n> us to act as if it didn't happen",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T19:50:00.213",
"id": "68447",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"score": 0
}
] |
68445
|
68447
|
68447
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68454",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Trying to translate a song lyric and was caught off guard by this sentence:\n\n> 雨に降られ行き場なくしなんの罰さ？と空を睨む\n\nI feel like I get the gist of it, but uncertain that my parsing is accurate so\nfar. Here's what I'm looking at this as:\n\n> （｛雨に降られ｛行き場なくし｝｝｛なんの罰さ｝？）と空を睨む\n\nI know that I know the individual words but can't seem to make sense of it\nwhen translating. My bad attempt ends up with:\n\n> \"What's the punishment for losing my destination to the falling rain?\" I\n> scowled at the sky.\n\nThere's a small amount of poetic license I'm applying, but nevertheless I feel\nlike I'm actually missing the mark. Can someone help me understand the role of\n-られ in 雨に降られ and -し in 行き場なくし?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T21:47:56.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68450",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T02:35:56.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "role of -られ, -し, and construction of the phrase",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think this is in fragments... 雨に降られ is like having (or with).. the rain\nfall(ing) on me.. (passive of falling - here like it happened to me) 行き場なくし,\nlosing (giving up) my place to go, なんの罰さ what did I do wrong.. (what mistake\ndid I make)... couldn't say without more context.. but the lyric seems to be\nmore of the speaker's train of thought.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T22:03:25.640",
"id": "68451",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-23T22:20:58.367",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-23T22:20:58.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "26816",
"owner_user_id": "26816",
"parent_id": "68450",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I think the part you're missing is that なくし is the 連用形 of 無くす. The 降られ works\nlike this:\n\n> 降る\n>\n> 降られる = 降る + passive\n>\n> 降られ = 降る + passive + 連用形\n\nSo both 降られ and なくし are 連用形 used to connect clauses. This is how you should\nparse it (a bit on the liberal side for the translation):\n\n> 雨に降られ、行き場なくし、「なんの罰さ？」と空を睨む\n>\n> I'm rained upon and I have no place to go to. I glare at the sky thinking\n> what is this punishment?!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T22:28:36.417",
"id": "68454",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-05-24T02:35:56.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "68450",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
68450
|
68454
|
68454
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen this construction used various times in Japanese text, but I\ncannot really put my finger on as to what it could mean definitively.\n\n> 人類の進歩と調和に役立つもの・・・例えば \n> ディフレクターに代わる \n> 新しいエネルギーとか \n> まぁ、そんなものですかな？\n\nPersonally, I believe it to be something\n\nof tremendous importance to mankind. Something that will help us better\n\nourselves and the world. Perhaps, a new energy source, more powerful than\n\nour current refractors.\n\n_My attempt at figuring this out_\n\nIt's something of tremendous importance for the progress of mankind. For\nexample, a new energy source to replace refractors, or something like that,\nperhaps?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-23T23:28:20.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68455",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T01:05:15.487",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-25T00:59:32.083",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "まぁ、そんなものですかな？ perhaps this means perhaps, perhaps?",
"view_count": 261
}
|
[
{
"body": "While there was a comment saying this might be off-topic if the poster is\nusing a machine translator and asking for clarification, the English text\ndoesn't look like something that came out of a machine translator. So I will\ngo ahead and answer.\n\n> まぁ、そんなものですかな？\n\n\"まぁ\" has a feeling of hesitation, possible when something is thinking about\nsomething, and can be often translated as \"well\".\n\n\"もの\" has multiple meanings, primarily to refer to a physical object, but\nsometimes referring to an abstract thing in a (for lack of a better term)\n\"emotional\" sense. \"そんなもの\" (often そんなもん\") is an expression that fits more with\nthe second definition, though the first also applies here too since the\ncontexts talking about physical things. In both cases \"something\" often fits\nas a translation.\n\nUsing the above understanding to make a rough translation we get:\n\n> Well, something like that.\n\nThe \"かな” in the phrase is often used when the speaker is wondering about\nsomething, often thinking out loud without giving a direct question to anyone.\n\nHowever, given the context that we are in the middle of a sentence, especially\nafter listing one possible option, this would probably be better:\n\n> (a new energy source)...or something like that.\n\nHere the \"well\" is not directly translated, but implied by the \"...\"\n\nTo help add the feeling of the ”かな”, you could possibly throw the phrase \"I\nguess\" somewhere in the phrase (probably at the beginning).",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T14:07:11.483",
"id": "68464",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
68455
| null |
68464
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68459",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that if you use ~ないで after a verb it could either mean \"without doing\n~verb\" as 何も見えないで (without seeing anything) or it could mean \"don't do ~\" as\n見つめないで (don't stare at me).\n\nHow can know when it is either one meaning or the other?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T00:59:00.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68456",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T04:26:05.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "28060",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "~ ないで for 'without doing ~' and 'don't ~'",
"view_count": 353
}
|
[
{
"body": "The so-called imperative ～ないで is just an abbreviation of ～ないでくれ／ください, that\nmeans the form as such is grammatically nothing different than \"without\" ～ないで.\nYou can only rely on context.\n\nIn oral language, people often put high accent or a slightly upward intonation\non the last syllable で when they mean command, but it's optional and not\nalways applicable either. Sometimes you can guess from the common sense that,\nfor example, 何も見えないで is less likely to be imperative because it's rather\nunusual to command a physical phenomenon to happen or not (\"Let nothing be\nseen!\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T04:26:05.230",
"id": "68459",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T04:26:05.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "68456",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68456
|
68459
|
68459
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I think the title is self-explanatory.\n\nI've been wondering how to combine the desiderative (たい) and the conditional\n(えば/たら). For example, if I want to say \"Excuse me, what should I do if I want\nto smoke here\", it thought it would translate to\n\"失礼{しつれい}ですがここでたばこを吸{す}いたければどうしたらいいですか\", however I'm not sure whether that's\ncorrect or not. Also, if possible, could someone also provide a few examples\nof how to use both たい+えば and たい+たら so I could grasp the difference and meaning\nproperly? Thank you in advance.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T03:56:57.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68458",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T16:36:03.567",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-24T16:36:03.567",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34093",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"conditionals",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "How can I use the conditional ～ば and desiderative ～たい together?",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[] |
68458
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68465",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Recently, I chanced upon the sentence 友達の家に泊まってくれてしたり... or was it\n泊まってもらってしたり... (Couldn't really recall, but they would translate to the same\nthing) which translates to \"do things like **me** staying at my friend's\nhouse, etc\". But from what I understand, when a te-form verb is used with もらった\nor くれた, the **other party** , and **not myself** is the one that does the\nverb, for example, ペンを貸してくれた/ペンを貸してもらった - (someone) lent me a pen. Using this\nintuition, wouldn't 友達の家に泊まってくれてしたり mean **my friend** (and not me) stayed at\nmy friend's house (ignoring the したり part as the sentence wouldn't make sense\notherwise)? Two (more accurate?) ways that I know of to say that **I** stayed\nat my friends house would be 友達の家に泊まってさせてもらってしたり or 友達の家に泊まらせた.\n\nAny help would be highly appreciated",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T06:50:19.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68460",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T14:29:43.887",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-24T06:56:31.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "31222",
"owner_user_id": "31222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "くれた and もらった used with 泊まって",
"view_count": 332
}
|
[
{
"body": "I'll try to explain this by giving some examples. I'll assume that the person\nstaying over / letting someone stay over is the speaker (unless otherwise\nspecified) to make this easier to read.\n\nI assume that by「～てしたり」you mean「～たりした」, i.e. the past tense of「～たりする」. As you\nsay, the「～たりする」corresponds to something like 'and stuff like that'.\n\nIn this context「泊める」means \"to have/let someone stay (at one's house etc)\"\nwhile similarly,「泊まる」means \"to stay (at someone's house, a hotel etc)\". The\nbasic forms for these with「～くれたりした」and「～もらったりした」are:\n\n * 「友達の家に（自分を）泊めてもらったりした」\n\nNormal interpretation: \"A friend let me stay over and stuff\" or more lit. \"I\nhad a friend let me stay over at their place and stuff\".\n\n * 「友達が家に泊めてくれたりした」\n\nNormal interpretation: \"A friend let me stay over and stuff\".\n\n * 「友達に家に泊まってもらったりした」\n\nNormal interpretation: \"I had a friend stay over at my place and stuff\".\n\n * 「友達が家に泊まってくれたりした」\n\nNormal interpretation: \"A friend stayed over at my place and stuff\".\n\n* * *\n\nAs for the other forms that you mentioned, I assume you meant (some of) the\nfollowing (without the「～たりした」/ \"and stuff like that\"):\n\n * 「友達の家に泊まらせてもらった」\n\nNormal interpretation: \"I had a friend let me stay over at their house\".\n\nAlternative: \"I stayed at a friend's house (without their permission)\".\n\n * 「友達の家に泊めさせてもらった」\n\nNormal interpretation (although weird): \"I let (someone) stay at a friend's\nhouse (either with the friend's permission or without, depending on context)\".\n\n * 「友達に家に泊まらせた」\n\nNormal interpretation e.g.: \"I made (\"forced\") a friend to let me stay at\ntheir house\"\n\nAlternative: \"I made a friend let (someone) stay at that friend's house\" etc.\n\n * 「友達の家に泊まらせた」\n\nNormal interpretation: e.g. \"I made (someone) stay at my friend's house\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T14:29:43.887",
"id": "68465",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34007",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68460
|
68465
|
68465
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68463",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 減量 and 減少? What about 増量 and 増加?\n\nI found these following examples on my workbook, but there is no explanation\nwhatsoever about how to use them.\n\n> 人口が減少する。 \n> 甘くしたいので砂糖を増量する。\n\nThank you in advance! \nI'm new to the site, but I've learnt a lot from this community. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T08:59:23.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68461",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T14:44:06.413",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-24T14:44:06.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34067",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference of 減量 and 減少",
"view_count": 215
}
|
[
{
"body": "`減量` refers to tangible things you can weigh or count - objects in the real\nworld which have weight. `減少` is a broader term which includes physical\nobjects but also abstract concepts.\n\nThe key to understanding the subtle difference lies in the kanji. Of course\nthe kanji `減` remains constant, so the difference is between `少` (few, little)\nand `量` (amount, quantity).\n\nWhen we check definitions of these words, we can see that `減量`\n[(definition)](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B8%9B%E9%87%8F-493297) tends to\nrefer to actual physical things, like reducing a quantity of objects, reducing\nbody weight, reducing the weight of something in a recipe. On the other hand,\n`減少` ([definition)](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B8%9B%E5%B0%91-492286) is a\nmore general word which is a reduction in anything. This might include actual\nphysical objects as above, but it also includes abstract reductions as well,\nsuch as a reduction in working hours or a decrease in population.\n\nThe same principle applies to `増量` (an increase in quantity or weight) and\n`増加` (a general increase including abstract concepts). There are many words in\nJapanese which have similar meanings, but often the kanji can give us subtle\nclues as to what the deeper distinctions between them are.\n\nSo always check the kanji :)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T10:02:14.190",
"id": "68463",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T10:02:14.190",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
}
] |
68461
|
68463
|
68463
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example in the sentence 政府は学校や病院を建設し、教師や医療スタッフの訓練も始めた。What's the\ndifference in the first phrase ending in 建設し rather than 建設して?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T16:29:37.360",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68466",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T21:30:44.157",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-24T16:34:52.123",
"last_editor_user_id": "34133",
"owner_user_id": "34133",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between て phrase ending verbs and nominalized verb-stem phrase ending verbs?",
"view_count": 119
}
|
[
{
"body": "Apparently the verb stem form is more literary/formal and the te form more\nspoken/informal",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T17:40:31.443",
"id": "68468",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T17:40:31.443",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34133",
"parent_id": "68466",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
68466
| null |
68468
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68469",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When exactly do we use うれしい(ureshii) and たのしい(tanoshii) \nUreshii - glad , pleasant \nTanoshii - happy\n\nUreshii is when you see someone being happy \nIs ureshii also with event already happened",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T17:32:49.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68467",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-25T01:09:53.943",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-25T01:09:53.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33701",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "うれしい(ureshii) Vs たのしい(tanoshii)",
"view_count": 1415
}
|
[
{
"body": "_Ureshii_ means \"happy\". As in, \"I'm **happy** I won the lottery.\" Or in a\ndifferent nuance, _ureshii taiken_ , a \" **grateful** experience\", one you're\nhappy to have had. _Tanoshii_ means \"fun\". \"That party was **fun**.\" Or, \"I\nlike to hang with **fun** people.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T17:57:36.030",
"id": "68469",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-24T19:10:04.710",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-24T19:10:04.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "22363",
"parent_id": "68467",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68467
|
68469
|
68469
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68472",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So if you want to say you walk quickly you say 早く歩く. Great.\n\nNow, suppose you want to say you walk _un_ quickly. Could you potentially say\nsomething like 早くなく歩く?\n\nThe obvious answer is you simply say you walk slowly, but someone I tutor\nasked me what the negative form of an adverb is and I was caught of guard.\nI've looked around and didn't find anything so I assume it's just not a\nconcept in Japanese but I wanted to make sure I gave them the correct\ninformation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-24T20:27:56.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68470",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-25T08:33:34.943",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-25T00:40:59.100",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34135",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives",
"adverbs",
"negation"
],
"title": "Is there a negative form for adverbs?",
"view_count": 1317
}
|
[
{
"body": "As you noticed, in this case, we rarely say 早くなく歩く but ゆっくり歩く. I think we\nusually don't use the negative form of an adverb but an adverb that has a\nopposite meaning. Though a few people may say this way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-25T05:22:59.053",
"id": "68472",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-25T08:33:34.943",
"last_edit_date": "2019-05-25T08:33:34.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "68470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
68470
|
68472
|
68472
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't know the difference between ようとしている and ようとする. But I know ようとしている and\nようとする mean \"be about to do something,\" but I can't differentiate ようとする and\nようとしている. Sometimes they use する and sometimes they use している.\n\nExamples:\n\n> 1. 図書館で勉強しようとしましたが、休みでした。（ようとする）\n> 2. 信じてた未来が崩れ去ろうとしてる。（ようとしている）\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-25T03:54:29.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68471",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-20T00:55:34.470",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-20T00:55:34.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "ようとする and ようとしている",
"view_count": 855
}
|
[
{
"body": "The grammatical nuance of ～ようとする is like \"move towards --ing\", that means you\ncan still make a progressive aspect out of it.\n\nTalking about real examples, when you say 図書館で勉強しようとする, you are actually\n\"doing\" something like leaving your seat and walking to the library. 崩れ去ろうとする,\ntoo, before it's really going to break down, there are precursors like\ndeveloping cracks or slowly tilting. Since they are \"actions\" too, we can\nthink about their beginning and end as well.\n\nNow at this point, it's just a general verb aspect question. The dictionary\nform する describes the action is (about to or just) beginning, or the action as\na whole from beginning to end. している tells that it is in the middle of the\naction at this moment.\n\n> 本を買おうとする時に電話が来る (probably when you just decide to buy a book) \n> 本を買おうとしている時に電話が来る (probably when you are in a bookstore or searching\n> Amazon)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-05-26T07:00:32.767",
"id": "68491",
"last_activity_date": "2019-05-26T07:00:32.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "68471",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
68471
| null |
68491
|
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