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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68969",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been learning about conjugating i- and na-adjectives recently and I've\nstumbled onto something odd. I've seen two distinct ways of conjugating\nnegative i-adjectives; the two ways are to replace い with either:\n\n 1. くない (for present negative) or くなかった (for past negative) then add です at the end, or \n 2. くありません (for present negative) or くありませんでした (for past negative). \n\nI'll use 楽しい as an example:\n\n> Present Negative: \n> 楽しくないです。 OR 楽しくありません。==> It is not fun.\n>\n> Past Negative: \n> 楽しくなかったです。 OR 楽しくありませんでした。==> It was not fun.\n\nAre these two algorithms for conjugating negative i-adjectives equivalent? Is\none better than the other? What are any differences between them? Is one more\nformal than the other? Is there anything I should know about the relative\nusage of these two algorithms? Any input will be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T02:08:26.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68964",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-25T02:42:11.643",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-25T02:42:11.643",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Conjugating present and past negative i-adjectives",
"view_count": 493
}
|
[
{
"body": "くない is actually く+ない and ない is a plain negative form of ある of which a polite\nnegative form is ありません, so this is how you arrive to/from くありません. In\ncomparison it's more formal (and possibly stiff in a more casual setting)\nwhile くない(です) is more conversational",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T06:28:42.793",
"id": "68968",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-21T06:28:42.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9719",
"parent_id": "68964",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Both conjugations are correct, and are interchangeable in casual to\nmoderately-formal settings. In formal written Japanese, however,\n～くありません／～くありませんでした is the better choice. ～くないです／～くなかったです may be seen as\ncolloquial, informal or even a little childish, depending on the situation.\n\nIn general, in highly stiff formal text, it's (still) safe to avoid\n`i-adjective + です` (e.g., 高いです, 高くないです, 高かったです, 高くなかったです). The use of です as a\npoliteness marker for i-adjectives is still considered as unsophisticated and\nnontraditional by many, especially elderly people.\n\n * [Why should I use つかれました and not つかれたです](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15300/5010)\n\n> です can also be a politeness marker added to adjectives. The adjective before\n> it already inflects for tense. This is a relatively recent innovation in the\n> Japanese language and not too long ago was considered unacceptable. Some\n> people still try to reword things to avoid it, but it's probably caught on\n> because it filled a useful gap in the language: making adjectives polite,\n> like です with nouns or 〜ます with verbs, but without going as far as 〜うございます.\n\n * [correctness of い adjective + です](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1834/5010)\n\n> い adjective + です was originally a slang used by people who were not familiar\n> with standard Japanese and only recently (1952) officially accepted. Still\n> now, it's not considered really sophisticated, in my opinion. Only\n> おいしゅうございます etc were correct until then.\n\n * [Where does です come from?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11074/5010)\n\nThere are a number of ways to rephrase non-negative `i-adjective + です`. For\nexample, you can say 楽しんでいます instead of 楽しいです, 高価です or 高くなっております instead of\n高いです, 赤です instead of 赤いです, 見たいと思います instead of 見たいです, and so on.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T07:22:13.310",
"id": "68969",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-21T07:59:40.060",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-21T07:59:40.060",
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"score": 8
}
] |
68964
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68969
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68969
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68974",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I would like to say \"I was jealous of people who could eat and talk with\neveryone\". I tried translating it on my own and I ended up with\n\"みんなと食べられて話せる人たちに羨ましかった。\" Have I done it right? I find something off even\nthough I think I have used every grammar correctly. Please correct me if I am\nwrong. Thanks",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T04:38:36.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68966",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-21T12:10:30.960",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-21T10:11:34.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "34433",
"owner_user_id": "34433",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "How do you say you are jealous of something/someone in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1291
}
|
[
{
"body": "This sentence \"A is jealous of B\" is translated as \"AはBが羨ましい\", \"AはBに嫉妬する\" and\n\"AはBを羨ましがる.\". So your sentence is unnatural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T11:10:18.413",
"id": "68972",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-21T11:10:18.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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{
"body": "羨ましい, from what I have seen, uses が to mark the thing/person which is envied.\nFor instance:\n\n> (私は)あなたがとても羨ましい。 I envy you so much.\n\nSo, assuming 羨ましい is good for your context (see below...), I think your\nsentence would be better rephrased as:\n\n> （私は)みんなと食べられて話せる人たちが羨ましかった。\n\nI would also consider about including an 一緒に to strengthen the “togetherness”\nof those people’s actions, after the と, but it is not necessary.\n\nHowever, depending on the sort of jealousy, (and just sticking to い-adjectives\nfor simple comparison), a sentence using 妬ましい (ねたましい) might be better. 羨ましい\nconveys an essentially a neutral/positive jealousy; while 妬ましい conveys more\nnegative sentiment e.g. a sense of a hatred towards, and/or an inferiority\ncomplex due to that other person/thing. (See [Difference between 妬【ねた】ましい and\n羨【うらや】ましい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5338/33435), for example.)\n\nA sentence using 妬ましい can use the same structure as the example above (i.e.\n人たちが妬ましかった。).\n\nThere are also unsurprisingly other ways to express jealousy (e.g. 妬ましく思っている,\n焼きもちを焼く, 嫉妬する), but those may be better saved for a question addressing those\ndifferences more specifically.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T12:04:34.577",
"id": "68974",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-21T12:10:30.960",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-21T12:10:30.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "68966",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
68966
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68974
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68972
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69444",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The wikipedia article \"[Honorific speech in\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese#Respectful_verbs)\"\nstates that\n\n> Japanese has grammatical functions to express several different emotions.\n> Not only _politeness_ but also _respectfulness_ , _humility_ and _formality_\n> can be expressed.\n\nAfter learning about the humble/honorific etc. forms, I am trying to wrap my\nhead around these concepts. After checking some textbooks and websites, I came\nup with the following distinction, could someone please check, whether it is\nok?\n\n * **Politeness** : this is expressed by using the です・ます forms instead of the plain form\n * **Respectfulness** : one can express respect to someone else's actions by using the honorific form (尊敬語{そんけいご})\n * **Humility** : one can humbly speak about one's own actions using the humble form (謙譲語{けんじょうご})\n * **Formality** : in formal writing, one uses the literary style by replacing だ → である and です → であります after nouns and na-adjectives. There is no difference for verbs and I-adjectives. \n\nAs far as I understand, one can combine most of these aspects, e.g.\n\n* * *\n\nnot polite, not respectful, not humble, not formal: だ\n\nnot polite, not respectful, not humble, formal: である\n\nnot polite, not respectful, humble, formal: でござる\n\npolite, not respectful, humble, formal: でございます\n\n* * *\n\nbut respectfulness and humility are mutually exclusive.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T09:26:28.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68970",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-12T19:58:46.517",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-23T12:44:50.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "25955",
"owner_user_id": "25955",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"politeness",
"keigo",
"formality"
],
"title": "Politeness / Respectfulness / Humility / Formality",
"view_count": 569
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, I appreciate that this is a difficult subject, not least because\nwhen trying to research it, in English, the terms \"honorifics\"\n\"respectfulness\" \"formality\" \"politeness\" etc. often get used differently by\ndifferent people. I'll try to stick to your terminology, but apologies if I\nslip up!\n\n* * *\n\nYour understanding is correct: you can't combine \"respectful\" and \"humble\"\nforms grammatically, as they make reference to another's or one's own (/one's\nin-group's) actions, respectively. They are thus at opposite ends of the same\n\"honorific\" spectrum of {respectful 尊敬語 OR neutral OR humble 謙譲語}, in that in\nbeing either respectful or humble, you are creating a difference in 'level'\nbetween you and the other party. In being respectful, you _directly_ exalt the\nother party; in being humble, you _indirectly_ exalt the other party, through\ndeprecating yourself.\n\nThe important thing to remember is the {polite です・ます OR non-polite だ・る} choice\nprimarily depends on your relationship to the **listener** (ignoring the idea\nof switching between polite and non-polite within a conversation... see\n[Question about switching formality in a\nconversation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/63215/question-\nabout-switching-formality-in-a-conversation/63236#63236) for more detail...).\n\nOn the other hand, the {respectful 尊敬語 OR neutral OR humble 謙譲語} choice is\nabout the relationship between **actors** in the sentence. Of course, they are\noften the same, but not always (e.g. speaking to your friend about a teacher,\nyou might choose to index your 'respect' for the teacher by using 尊敬語 or 謙譲語,\nbut you presumably would speak in non-polite speech to your friend).\n\n**Grammatically** speaking, you therefore have two spectra:\n\n * {polite です・ます OR non-polite だ・る}\n\n * {respectful 尊敬語 OR neutral OR humble 謙譲語}.\n\nThe {formal OR informal} choice, as broccoli forest notes, is the \"odd one\nout\", in the sense it is not determined by grammar, but stylistic decisions\nappropriate for the medium/context in which you are communicating, including\nword choice. I see it as the difference between すごく and 大変, このあいだ and 先日,\nどうですか and いかがですか, いいです and 結構です (when refusing something), etc.\n\nThe interesting case, I think, is choosing to use an _irregular_ keigo verb,\nwhich would impart e.g. formality as well as respect, say 食べる vs. 召し上がる. So\nthat begs the question: is 召し上がる more formal than other acceptable _regular_\nkeigo forms 食べられる or お食べになる? I would say the answer is: yes.\n\nIncidentally, I also understand that the usage of お食べになる is increasing amongst\nyounger people, which is possibly a reflection of those younger people\nbe(com)ing \"less formal\" than their older counterparts; or, perhaps they want\nmake a statement that they aren't inclined to guard or protect formal\nlanguage.\n\nIn any case, formality is a much more fuzzy concept than politeness and\nrespectfulness, given formality is not strictly determined by grammar.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-12T19:11:50.937",
"id": "69444",
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}
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69444
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68975",
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"body": "What is the hiragana sound that monkeys make in Japanese (like わんわん for dogs)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T09:53:24.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68971",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-21T12:57:26.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia",
"animals"
],
"title": "What sound does a monkey make?",
"view_count": 526
}
|
[
{
"body": "[キキー](https://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/animal-noises.html) or\n[ウキウキ／ウキー](https://www.punipunijapan.com/japanese-animal-sounds/). Lots of\nother pages, too, including [lots of other\nsounds](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/japanese-onomatopoeia/), too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T12:57:26.947",
"id": "68975",
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68971
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68975
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68975
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"body": "Hope someone can help me. I'm struggling with the exact usage of という in this\nsentence:\n\n> 会う約束をした友達から乗っている電車が止まっている **という** メールが来た。\n\nMany thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T15:20:32.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68976",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-08-15T13:23:53.300",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32967",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"quotes",
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "Use of という in a sentence",
"view_count": 210
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 会う約束をした友達から乗っている電車が止まっている **という** メールが来た。\n\nThis という means \"saying that\" and is describing the contents of the メール.\n\nThe main part of the sentence is this:\n\n> 会う約束をした友達からメールが来た。\n\nXというメール is \"an e-mail which says X\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T15:39:15.273",
"id": "68977",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-21T15:39:15.273",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
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{
"body": "という is used to indicate the object or thing you are talking about. Or want to\nconvey something about which you do not know on depth. For example :\n学校という言葉を習いました。(I learnt a word as \"school\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T15:07:08.897",
"id": "69023",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-23T15:07:08.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34456",
"parent_id": "68976",
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"score": 1
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] |
68976
| null |
68977
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{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So I've read this article about 「ては」 [\"Te-form\" versus \"masu-stem + して\"\n(消しているうちに versus\n消ししているうちに)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41658/te-form-versus-\nmasu-\nstem-%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6-%E6%B6%88%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AB-\nversus-%E6%B6%88%E3%81%97%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AB/41664#41664)\n\nthen I understand that there are 2 meanings. First is \"Repeated/Habitual\naction\"\n\nand the next one is \"AてはB tends to be treated like a noun especially when two\nverbs are short and commonly paired\"\n\nTherefore I think \"追いかけては\" in「追いかけては来ないでしょう」acts as a noun\n\nIs it right. Is this \"追いかけては\" in this sentence same feeling as \"追いかけるのは\" ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T16:01:03.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68978",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-21T21:36:12.220",
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"owner_user_id": "32181",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "ては's role in this 「追いかけては来ないでしょう」",
"view_count": 240
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think it's used as meaning 1 in\n[大辞林](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF) to indicate a\nhypothetical.\n\n> ① ある事柄が実現した場合を仮定して、条件として示す。望ましくない事柄についていうことが多い。もし…したら。\n> 「計画が敵に知られ－、せっかくの苦心も水の泡だ」 「この辺は危険ですから、泳いではいけません」\n\nThat is to say 追いかけ **ては** 来ないでしょう could be replaced with **もし** 追いかけ **たら**\n来ないでしょう",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T19:10:16.970",
"id": "68982",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-21T19:10:16.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10045",
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},
{
"body": "No, in this example 追いかけては is not functioning as a noun, and in fact I don't\nthink this is an example of ては as it's explained in the article you linked to\nat all. I believe this is an instance in which は has simply been inserted to\nadd emphasis:\n\n> 追いかけてこないでしょう\n>\n> \"They probably won't chase us,\" \"He probably won't come after us,\" etc.\n\nbecomes\n\n> 追いかけて **は** こないでしょう\n>\n> \"They probably won't _chase_ us,\" \"He probably won't _come after_ us,\" etc.\n\nIn other words, I think this is the usage of は that's covered by the following\npart of the definition of the particle は in 大辞林 (note especially the third and\nfourth usage examples):\n\n> ④叙述を強める。[…]\n>\n>\n> ㋑〔動詞・形容詞の連用形、および助詞「てで」に付いて〕一続きの叙述の一部分を強調する。「絶対に行き━しない」「なるほど美しく━ある」「少なくともわかって━いる」「まだ書いて━いない」「真実で━ない",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-06-21T21:24:14.937",
"id": "68984",
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"owner_user_id": "33934",
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}
] |
68978
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68984
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"body": "I understand that 限り(は) means that \"as long as \", as in :\n\n> 親である限り子供を第一に考えるべきです。\n\nMoreover, I get that 限りでは means \"from that area/information\" the speaker draws\na conclusion, as in this sentence:\n\n> 私は知っている限りでは彼は犯罪だ。\n\nBut then I found out two examples with 知る and 限り, that seem to have been used\nas 限りでは:\n\n> 私が知っている限りのことをお話しします。 \n> 私の知る限り、それはありません。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T16:33:14.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68979",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T10:31:05.067",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-24T16:25:33.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 限り(は) and 限りでは？",
"view_count": 828
}
|
[] |
68979
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{
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"body": "In the example sentences of my textbook for the grammar 〜まま, it is used either\nwith 「に」 (①) or without 「に」 (②,③):  In the case of ②, I understand that\n「に」 is not necessary as まま is not acting as an adverb. Again, at ① it is used\nas an adverb so 「に」 is attached to it. What bugs me is the example sentence ③.\nI do not understand why 「まま」 is not attached「に 」even though it is modifying\nthe verb:\n\n> 靴【くつ】を脱【ぬ】がないでそのままお入【はい】りください。\n\nInitially, I thought it might be one of those cases where a particle is\nommitted in some instances and both possibilites (namely attaching 「に」or\nommitting 「に」) are equally acceptable.\n\nHowever, I encountered the same sentence later on as part of an exercise where\nI am asked to pick one option from either:  so obviously, the only possible\noption is not to attach「に」to 「まま」just like in the initial example sentence ③.\n\nWhy? What am I missing here?\n\nYour help is much appreciated.\n\nEDIT: Thanks to user3856370 for pointing out\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/68980/is-there-a-rule-to-\ndetermine-whether-or-not-%e3%81%ab-should-be-attached-\nafter-%e3%81%be%e3%81%be#comment116409_68980) that the「に」in ① comes from the\ngrammar pattern noun+になる (and similarly, noun+にする), where 「まま」 is the noun.The\nexample sentence ① is one of such cases.\n\n> その書類【しょるい】は後【あと】で読【よ】みたいからしまわないで、その **ままに** しておいてください。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T17:07:00.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68980",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"adverbs",
"adverbial"
],
"title": "Is there a rule to determine whether or not 「に」 should be attached after 「まま 」?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[] |
68980
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68988",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> > 最後の戦い。\n> マリウスが倒れ、アンジョルラスが駆け寄る。嘆く彼の手をグランテールが握りしめ、アンジョルラスはその肩を抱き寄せ、それからバリケードを駆け上がっていく。アンジョルラスが先で、グランテールがあとからついていく形。\n> **形の上では前後だけど、気持ちとしては** 、グランテールもアンジョルラスと一緒に駆け上っていたと思う。\n\nThis is from a recap of a scene in the musical of Les Miserables. From a video\nof the scene I saw, there's a giant barricade on stage where the characters\nare on top and firing at the enemies. Marius gets shot and falls from the\nbarricade, Enjolras rushes to him but then goes back up the barricade. After\nhe gets shot, Grantaire goes up the barricade to die and gets shot too. The\nproblem is that in this part of the recap: グランテールもアンジョルラスと一緒に駆け上っていたと思う the\nauthor of the blog is saying something about Grantaire running up the\nbarricade together (at the same time) with Enjolras, which is not the case (he\nwent after).\n\nMy interpretation of this sentence is that 形 is describing the way how things\nare happening objectively(like in:\"the way things went about is A did this and\nB this\" to describe something you saw on TV for example) and 形の上では would be\n'From the perspective of the situation', but I can't figure out 前後 in this\ncontext. For 気持ちとしては I found this definition:\n\n> “自分の本心を話すときに前置きとして使う表現。多くの場合、願望の表現である”\n\nSo, does that last part means: \"would've been great if Grantaire would've run\nup the barricade with Enjolras\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-21T23:40:27.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68985",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-22T01:43:09.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17515",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 形の上では前後だけど、気持ちとしては",
"view_count": 101
}
|
[
{
"body": "The previous sentence says:\n\n> アンジョルラスが先で、グランテールがあとからついていく **形**\n\nThe 形 is Enjolras in the front and Grantaire in the back.\n\nThe 形 in your sentence then refers to that and so 前後 is referring to the front\nand rear (Enjolras and Grantaire respectively).\n\nSo then 形の上では前後だけど means something like:\n\n> They are front and back in terms of formation but...\n\n気持ちとしては is really contrasting 気持ち with the 形 mentioned previously. In\nparticular, it talks about how they are 一緒 in 気持ち instead of 前後 in 形.\n\nSo the part you're interested in means something like:\n\n> I think that although they are running one behind another in formation, in\n> their feelings they are running upwards together.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T01:43:09.143",
"id": "68988",
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] |
68985
|
68988
|
68988
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69030",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "なります is an intransitive verb, but it could either be volitional or non-\nvolitional, right? Please see the below examples; are they correct?\n\n> 日本語が上手に **なるように** 、毎日勉強しています。(なります is non-volitional)\n>\n> 弁護士に **なるために** 、法律を勉強しています。(なります is volitional)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T07:36:16.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68991",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-31T11:56:47.433",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34079",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "なります intransitive verb - volitional/non-volitional",
"view_count": 506
}
|
[
{
"body": "By \"volitional\", I think I understand you to mean what are also called \"will\nverbs\" or \"controllable verbs\" in English, 意志動詞 in Japanese; and by \"non-\nvolitional\", \"non-will verbs\" or \"uncontrollable verbs\", 無意志動詞 in Japanese?\n\n_The term \"volitional\" here is possibly a bit confusing just given it is the\nname of a verb form, too, so I will just use \"controllable\" and\n\"uncontrollable\" instead._\n\nIf that is what you were referring to, you are right in thinking that なる is\nboth a \"controllable\" verb 意志動詞 and \"uncontrollable\" verb 無意志動詞, depending on\nthe circumstance. For instance:\n\n> **意志動詞:** 親戚が医者になった。\n>\n> A relative became a doctor. (controllable, e.g. through going to medical\n> school)\n>\n> **無意志動詞:** 時刻が正午になった。\n>\n> It (the time) became noon. (uncontrollable)\n\n* * *\n\nLooking at your examples, first you have:\n\n> 日本語が上手になるように、毎日勉強しています。\n\nThis is grammatically OK, but I personally would favour saying (the very\nsimilar; just sounds more natural to me):\n\n> 日本語が上手く{うまく}なるように、毎日勉強しています。\n\nIn any case, you can't strictly \"control\" being good at a language, so this is\nindeed an example of an \"uncontrollable\" form of なる.\n\nLooking at your second example:\n\n> 弁護士になるために、法律を勉強しています。\n\nThis is a good example of a \"controllable\" form of なる, as - just as with the\ndoctor example I gave - this person essentially chose to be a lawyer (by going\nto law school/choosing to studying law).\n\n* * *\n\nThe other thing to bear in mind is that for instances where なる is a\n\"controllable\" verb in that you can use _either_ **なれる** ように _or_ **なる** ために:\n\n> ◎ 偉{えら}い人に **なれるように** 勉強しています。\n>\n> ◎ 偉い人に **なるために** 勉強しています。\n>\n> ?? 偉い人に **なるように** 勉強しています。(sounds odd/unnatural, but I think understandable)\n\nOn the other hand, for those \"uncontrollable\" instances of なる, you should\n_only_ use **なる** ように :\n\n> × 野菜が大きく **なれるように** 水をたくさんやります。(incorrect)\n>\n> × 野菜が大きく **なるために** 水をたくさんやります。(incorrect)\n>\n> ◎ 野菜が大きく **なるように** 水をたくさんやります。\n\nHope that helps!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T20:27:33.927",
"id": "69030",
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"score": 5
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68991
|
69030
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69030
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "68994",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching a news broadcast on YouTube and when it moved over to the\nweather report, I noticed that 「今日の天気」was actually written as 「きょうの天気」. Also\n「明日の天気」was also written as 「あすの天気」. It wasn't just the weather report but some\nother parts of the programme such as the main stream headlines, 「きのう」.\n\nWhy are these sentences or should I say, just the start of the sentence\nwritten in ひらがな and not full 漢字? Does it depend on the news programme? I asked\nmy Japanese friend and he said he didn't know or even realise it.\n\nFor reference, I was watching\n[おはよう北海道](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-OnDf17YWQ) (16:15) when I first\nnoticed it.\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T09:17:30.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68993",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-08T01:59:03.487",
"last_edit_date": "2019-10-08T01:59:03.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "7994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Partial ひらがな sentences (why ことし, きのう, きょう, あす?)",
"view_count": 293
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is related to the fact that 今日 and 明日 have two readings. According to\n[the July 2008\nissue](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/yougo/pdf/042.pdf) of\n[放送研究と調査](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/book/monthly/index.html):\n\n> ### 放送で，「今年」を「ことし」と表記する理由\n>\n>\n> 「今年」と漢字で書いた場合，「ことし」と読んだらよいのか，「こんねん」と読んだらよいのか，わからなかったり，迷ったりするおそれがある。そのため，放送では「ことし」と，ひらがな書きにすることにしている。同じように「今日（きょう/こんにち）」「明日（あす/みょうにち）」「昨日（きのう/さくじつ）」なども，「きょう」「あす」「きのう」と，ひらがなで表記するようにしている。\n\n**EDIT:** This is NHK's house rule, so a different media company may have a\ndifferent rule about this.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Difference between こんにち and きょう](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17752/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T09:36:14.147",
"id": "68994",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68993",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
] |
68993
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68994
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68994
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To learn Japanese I'm watching J-drama. My question is going to concern one of\nthe dialogues.\n\nIn Good Morning Call a boyfriend and girlfriend give their friend a pair of\nboxershorts as a housewarming gift because she will now live alone. They think\nit's a funny gift. When she stares at it without smiling, he says:\n\n> あれ？ウケなかった？\n\nMy question is:\n\nCan one 冗談{じょうだん}をウケる in Japanese to mean \"to get a joke\"? Is this what it\nmeans here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T11:43:36.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68995",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-23T19:22:36.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34443",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of ウケる or possibly 受ける in this situation",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "He's essentially asking 'Huh? You didn't like the joke?'.\n\nAs discussed in [this\nforum](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13102/slang-for-\nfunny-%E3%81%86%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C/43584#43584) the slang ウケる means 'the joke\ncarries'/'the joke is received'. Often times people use it to exclaim that\nthey find something funny. なかった is the plain past negative conjugation\n(changing it from 'the joke is received' to 'the joke **was not** received').\nAnd given that he's speaking to a friend, he will use plain/casual verb forms.\n\nIt seems the slang evolved from the word 受ける, so I'm using [this\nconjugation](https://cooljugator.com/ja/%E5%8F%97%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B) for\nreference. It's difficult to find much on the use of the slang itself.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T19:22:36.450",
"id": "69029",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-23T19:22:36.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "33421",
"parent_id": "68995",
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"score": 0
}
] |
68995
| null |
69029
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "68998",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "* 予定 (Yotei) is [defined](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/index.cfm?j=yotei) as plans; \n * 計画 (keikaku) is also [defined](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/index.cfm?j=keikaku) as plans\n\nPlease could you explain the difference by explicitly making reference to the\nfollowing examples:\n\nExample 1:\n\n```\n\n Kyuuka no yotei wa arimasuka?\n (What are your vacation plans?)\n \n```\n\nExample 2:\n\n```\n\n Mada ryokou no keikaku wa arimasen.\n I have no travel plans yet.\n \n```\n\nPlease keep your explanation relatively simple as I am a beginner. Please\ncould you make reference to the above examples.\n\nPlease also explain a general rule for knowing when to use one over the other.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T12:14:17.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68996",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-22T14:05:40.693",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-22T12:18:57.897",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 予定 (Yotei) and 計画 (keikaku)?",
"view_count": 4328
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is not necessarily an easy question to answer because of the wide range\nof meanings 'plan' has in English, but I will try in any case!\n\nFor me, 予定 is something that you (strongly) intend to do, and likely have made\narrangements for too. Looking at the kanji might help here: 予 imparts the\nmeaning of 'beforehand', and 定 imparts the meaning of 'determine' or 'fix'. So\nthis is something that is \"determined beforehand\". So, it can sometimes also\nbe translated as 'schedule' or 'arrangements'.\n\nOn the other hand, 計画 is more of a plan in the sense of a design, or a\nstrategy. In my mind, 計画 typically involves some thought process. I think it\ncan be distinguished from 予定, in that 計画 has an underlying goal or aim, and so\noften lays out a set of actions to achieve something.\n\nExamples of 予定：\n\n> 今晩は何も予定がない。 I have no plans (I'll be free) this evening.\n>\n> 今日の予定 Today's schedule.\n>\n> 工事が予定されています。 Construction work has been scheduled. (i.e. a date has been\n> set)\n\nExample of 計画：\n\n> 販売計画 A sales plan\n>\n> 暴力団は強盗を計画していた。 The gang was planning a robbery.\n>\n> その計画について相談しよう。 Let's discuss that plan.\n\nLooking at your examples:\n\n> 休暇の予定がありますか。has for me a meaning of\n>\n> _What do you intend to do on your holidays; have you made arrangements yet?_\n\nOn the other hand:\n\n> まだ旅行の計画はありません。 has for me a meaning of\n>\n> _I haven't yet started to plan (design) a trip._",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-06-22T13:49:49.460",
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"owner_user_id": "33435",
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"score": 12
}
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68996
|
68998
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68998
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69000",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I feel, that 市の名前 as [name of the city] is somewhat unnatural, but I can not\nexplain to myself why I should use 都市の名前 instead. Jisho says that 市 is a noun\nand no restriction to use it.\n\nMaybe the problem is just in sounding?\n\nFor example, if we use 市の名前 it is ok in written text but in speech it becomes\n[shi-no-namae] = [name of death] or [itchi-no-namae] = [name of one], and only\nfor that reason Japanese use 都市の名前 which produces nicely [toschi-no-mae] =\n[city's name] = [name of city].\n\nIs that logic right?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T13:21:25.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68997",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-22T14:30:28.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Name of the city 都市の名前 vs 市の名前",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "To begin with, 都市 and 市 are different concepts, and they are usually **not**\ninterchangeable. Please read this first: [What is the difference between 市,\n都市, 都会 and 市街](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48973/5010)\n\n市の名前 is a perfectly valid and natural expression as long as you know you are\nactually referring to some 市. But when you don't know the name of a city, you\nmay not know if its really a 市, either, so 都市の名前 may be the more useful choice\nin many situations. For example, New York and Paris are both undoubtedly 都市,\nand I know New York is a 市, but I don't know if Paris is technically a 市...",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T14:20:38.237",
"id": "69000",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-22T14:30:28.133",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-22T14:30:28.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "68997",
"post_type": "answer",
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68997
|
69000
|
69000
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "77424",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "* よくない (yokunai) is [defined as](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/entry_details.cfm?entry_id=58486&j=yokunai) not good \n * だめ (dame) is [also defined as](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/entry_details.cfm?entry_id=39348&j=Dame) not good\n\nPlease could you explain the difference by explicitly making reference to the\nfollowing examples:\n\n**Example 1a**\n\n```\n\n dokomo yokunai desu\n none of the places are good\n \n```\n\n**Example 1b**\n\n```\n\n kazoku wa saikin amari un ga yokunai.\n Our family is not having much luck lately!\n \n```\n\n**Example 2**\n\n```\n\n It was a no good hotel.\n Dame na hoteru deshita.\n \n```\n\nI know that 悪い (warui) also means \"not good\", but it has the added meaning of\n[bad,\nsinful](https://www.tanoshiijapanese.com/dictionary/entry_details.cfm?entry_id=14172&j=warui),\nand so is a stronger form.\n\nPlease keep your explanation relatively simple as I am a beginner. Please\ncould you make reference to the above examples.\n\nPlease also explain a general rule for knowing when to use one over the other.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T14:18:43.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "68999",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T01:11:18.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9537",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the difference between よくない yokunai and だめ (dame)",
"view_count": 2315
}
|
[
{
"body": "だめ is very strong. Literally it means \"useless, no good\" so\n私(わたし)の日本語(にほんご)はだめです is actually pretty self-deprecating.\n\nよくない is the negative of いい (as you probably already know). However it is only\ndescriptive as in \"not good\" \"not nice\" etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T14:58:59.493",
"id": "69022",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-23T14:58:59.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34456",
"parent_id": "68999",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "On the surface, both 駄目{だめ} and 良くない{よくない} seem to have a similar meaning and\nuse - both are adjectives of some kind and both seem to mean \"not good\".\n\n[駄目{だめ}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%A7%84%E7%9B%AE-563038) is defined as a\nbad state or condition; ineffective as in wasteful of effort; a situation or\ncondition upon which nothing can be done; a forbidden action :\n\n * 暑さ{あつさ}で食べ{たべ}物{もの}が駄目{だめ}になる - Food turn bad in the heat\n * いくら頼んでも{たのんでも}駄目{だめ}だ - It is useless no matter how much you ask\n * これ以上{いじょう}歩け{あるけ}と言われても{いわれても}とても駄目{だめ}だ - It is impossible although it is said you can walk further\n * ここでタバコを吸って{すって}は駄目{だめ}だ - It is forbidden to smoke here\n\n良くない{よくない} from the adjective\n[良い{いい}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%89%AF%E3%81%84-442930) is a generic way\nto say good :\n\n * いい景色{けしき} - Beatiful landscape\n * 割{わり}のいい仕事{しごと} - A fair job\n * 態度{たいど}がいい - The attitude is good\n * 君{きみ}に会えて{あえて}よかった - It was nice to meet you\n * 帰って{かえって}もいい - You can leave (go home)\n\nIf we looks at your examples:\n\n> 何処も{どこも}良くない{よくない}です\n\nUsing 良くない{よくない} in this sentence it means that no places are good. If we\nreplace it by 駄目{だめ}, the meaning changes to \"everywhere is bad\". Note that\n駄目{だめ} is also much more intense in meaning than 良くない{よくない}.\n\n> 家族{かぞく}は最近{さいきん}あまり運{うん}が良くない{よくない}\n\nThis sentence means something like \"the family isn't very lucky lately\". In\nthis situation, it is impossible to replace 良くない{よくない} with 駄目{だめ}. 駄目{だめ} is\na name whereas 良くない{よくない} comes from an adjective - it would not fit in this\nsentence. To say your luck is bad you'd say 運{うん}が[悪い]{わるい}. 運{うん}が駄目{だめ}\nwould mean \"I am bad at luck\". It does sound right.\n\n> 駄目{だめ}なホテルでした\n\nThis a proper use of 駄目{だめ}. 良くない{よくない} could also be used. However,\n良くない{よくない} is much more indirect and polite. It would not carry the same\nmeaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-11-20T18:55:27.033",
"id": "73162",
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"owner_user_id": "10636",
"parent_id": "68999",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "だめ (dame) has a connotation of being not allowed, or so bad that it's just\nunacceptable. よくない (yokunai) is simply something that is the opposite of good\nいい(ii) and carries a bit less force.\n\n * In the first example, you could substitute 'dame' for a more forceful tone. \n * In the second example the use with 'amari' really requires a negative so 'yokunai' is the preferred option. \n * In the third example you could use 'dame' as per the example and it would indicate that this hotel was really bad (and it would be assumed you didn't stay there, or wouldn't in the future as it is unacceptable). If you were to use 'yokunai' in this sentence it would suggest that it just wasn't great.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-05-19T01:11:18.933",
"id": "77424",
"last_activity_date": "2020-05-19T01:11:18.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39037",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
68999
|
77424
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77424
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "chinese.stackexchange.com referred me here. One of their members told me that\nthe reading in the seal is actually Japanese「知惠子/ちえこ」. Is this correct? Thank\nyou!! ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T14:24:54.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69001",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-22T15:48:01.650",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-22T15:48:01.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "34444",
"owner_user_id": "34444",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Please help me confirm the characters to this seal",
"view_count": 86
}
|
[
{
"body": "That indeed reads 「知恵子」 (a feminine name) in our traditional stamp script\nnamed 印鑑書体{いんかんしょたい}.\n\n(You may want to get rid of the image on the right as it is upside-down and it\nonly makes your question look goofy.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T14:51:23.680",
"id": "69002",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-22T15:12:00.843",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-22T15:12:00.843",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "69001",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
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| null |
69002
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69004",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "currently trying hard to refresh my Kanji skills and stumbled over\n\nお腹 == おなか\n\nTo my surprise none of the Kanji dictionaries list the reading なか for this\nKanji. Only フク and はら. Is there a third category I am not aware of ?\n\nThx.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T15:42:00.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69003",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-22T19:23:49.843",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-22T19:23:49.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "7586",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"readings"
],
"title": "Is the reading 腹【なか】 neither an on-yomi nor a kun-yomi?",
"view_count": 243
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, that's the case. According to the Japanese Stage-Step Course: Writing\nPractice Book by Wako Tawa, [page\n206](https://books.google.es/books?id=s0KUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA205&lpg=PA205&dq=%22%E3%81%8A%E8%85%B9%22+%E7%86%9F%E5%AD%97%E8%A8%93&source=bl&ots=VhB1jIom85&sig=ACfU3U1WAaHb6Wp2zKae4eRtLQGEdRcJ7g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5vZGJwP3iAhWjy4UKHX80BWsQ6AEwAHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22%E3%81%8A%E8%85%B9%22%20%E7%86%9F%E5%AD%97%E8%A8%93&f=false),\n「お腹【なか】」is a 熟字訓【じゅくじくん】, i.e. a special kanji reading which is neither an\n音読【おんよ】み nor a 訓読【くんよ】み. Please refer to [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/53069/32952) for more information\non 熟字訓【じゅくじくん】.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T16:36:42.327",
"id": "69004",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-22T16:36:42.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"parent_id": "69003",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69003
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69004
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69041",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Most of the 平仮名【ひらがな】 characters have the 濁点【だくてん】 above the stroke but there\nare two cases where it is placed below the stroke:\n\n> がぎげござじずぜぞだぢづどばびぶべぼ\n>\n> ぐで\n\nWhy?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T16:52:24.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69005",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T03:21:29.643",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"punctuation",
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "Is there a reason why the 濁点【だくてん】（ ﾞ）are placed below the stroke at ぐ and で as opposed to the other hiragana characters?",
"view_count": 366
}
|
[
{
"body": "The position of a dakuten is not as strict as you think. It has to be placed\nnear the top right corner, but it may be moved or rotated according to the\nfont designer's choice. Here are some examples of voiced hiragana rendered\nwith various fonts installed on my PC:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xxJCj.png)\n\nWhen you practice handwriting, please use shapes of a\n[教科書体](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25345/5010) font (the blue one\nabove).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T03:21:29.643",
"id": "69041",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 9
}
] |
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69041
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found two examples, and I think that I got the meaning but I'm not sure of\nits grammar. One is:\"明日はお父さんも休みのことだし、 みんなで買い物でも行かない？\" since tomorrow your\nfather is free too, why don't we go all together to do shopping?\n\nThe other one is the following:\"来週は客様が来ることだし、家のなかの大掃除をしなくちゃ\". Since the next\nwill be coming a guest we have to do the big cleaning in the house\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T17:55:24.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69006",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-06-22T21:23:42.670",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-し"
],
"title": "What's the meaning and the usage of ことだし？",
"view_count": 877
}
|
[
{
"body": "Your understanding of the sentences is essentially correct :) but I'll just\nprovide a little more explanation to try and help and clarify the nuance.\n\nことだし is essentially an extension of the conjunctive 〜し, specifically the use\nof し for listing causes/reasons. (There's a post on all the usages of\nconjunctive 〜し here, if you aren't familiar with them:\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/59151/33435>)\n\nThe difference between 〜ことだし and 〜し is that the reasoning is be marked as more\n\"objective\" in the ことだし case. As a result, something with ことだし comes across a\nbit more logical, and stiff/rigid in tone. On the other hand, for the case of\nし without the ことだ, it is more relaxed as to the causal relationship being\nimplied.\n\nI think because the causal relationship is fairly clear, your translation of\nことだし as \"since\" is good.\n\nOn your specific translation, I might consider changing how you translate 休み\nand 大掃除 depending on context and/or to sound more natural:\n\n> 明日はお父さんも休みのことだし、 みんなで買い物でも行かない？\n>\n> Tomorrow, since your father also has _a day off_ , why don't we all go\n> shopping?\n>\n> 来週は客様が来ることだし、家のなかの大掃除をしなくちゃ。\n>\n> Next week, since there is a guest coming, we have to do _some spring\n> cleaning_ / _a major cleanup_ of the inside of the house.\n\nHope that helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T12:50:00.670",
"id": "69016",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-23T13:21:58.673",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "69006",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
69006
| null |
69016
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69009",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> これは私に難しい。 \n> This is difficult for me.\n\nI want to say \n[This it is difficult **EVEN** for me.]\n\nThe closest way to say it that I could find is using とっても [totte-mo], but for\nmy understanding this word is not [even], it is [very]. As far as I understand\nit, it modifies the adjective [difficult] to [very difficult], but I want to\nmodify the person to whom it is difficult.\n\n> これは私にとっても難しい。 \n> This is VERY difficult to me.\n\nAs far as I understand every word which ends with も[mo] means [too][as well],\nbut I want to say the meaning, that when it is difficult even for me, then you\nhave no chance at all and therefore it makes no sense for you to try it at\nall. For you it will be a waste of time.\n\nIt is like: if even he can not do it, than you will 100% never do it. It is\nhard **even for him**.\n\n**Question:** \nWhat pattern should be used to modify the person, marked by に[ni], which is\n[to whom][for whom]? What general pattern is used to emphasize [even for\nsomeone][even for somebody][even for me/him/her/them/...]\n\n* * *\n\n**Update**\n\nDownthere was a long way to final simple solution which is\n\n> これは私 **に** 難しい。 \n> This is difficult for me.\n>\n> これは私 **にでさえ** 難しい。 \n> This is difficult **even** for me.\n\nIt's simple like that. \nJust add でさえ after に and we get [even for somebody] instead of plain [for\nsomebody].\n\nSource: [Difference between\nさえ、でさえ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36397/)\n\nHuge thanks to @henreetee for support!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T20:36:46.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69007",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-23T22:19:45.263",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"phrases",
"particle-も",
"particle-さえ"
],
"title": "How to say [even for somebody] vs just [for somebody]",
"view_count": 1225
}
|
[
{
"body": "First of all, there are numerous ways to express \"even\" in Japanese, so see\nthe link at the bottom titled「ですら・でも…」if you would like to see an excellent\nexplanation of those.\n\nSecond, to your example specifically, I think you are possibly confusing\n（にとって）+ the particle も; and the particle に+（とっても）.\n\nThe X+にとって construction means \"to/for X\" (e.g. 私にとって to/for me, 日本人にとって to/for\nJapanese people).\n\nCorrespondingly, the phrase X+にとって+も **can** be used to mean \"even for X\".\nSimilarly to your example:\n\n> 敬語は日本人にとっても難しい。\n>\n> Formal language is difficult even for Japanese people.\n>\n> (lit. Formal language is difficult for Japanese people, too).\n\nTaking your example sentence:\n\n> これは私にとっても難しい。can be understood as\n>\n> This is difficult **even** for me. OR\n>\n> This is difficult for me, **too**. OR\n>\n> This is, to me, **really** difficult. (though, I would say it would be\n> clearer to say これは私に **は** とっても難しい if you wanted to convey this meaning)\n\nWhich one it would be would depend on what has already been said, what is\nmutually understood between the speaker and listener(s), and how it is said.\n\nーーー\n\nEDIT: I should have mentioned さえ・すら as a possibility. さえ・すら are particles\nwhich mean 'even', and focuses the attention on the preceding item. The main\ndifference with でも is that でも can be used to list numerous examples, but さえ\nand すら can only be used to show the _most powerful_ example. But if でも is used\nonly once (and it often is!), it can of course play the same function as\nさえ・すら.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 日本語能力試験１級は日本人（でも・でさえ・ですら）難しい。can be understood as:\n>\n> Even for Japanese people, the JLPT Level 1 is difficult.\n\nBut this is arguably moving away from the original form of the question, and\nさえ・すら are a bit more complex in their usage, so instead of explaining in full,\nI will link [Maggie Sensei's page on\nさえ](http://maggiesensei.com/2015/03/28/how-to-use-%E3%81%95%E3%81%88sae/) and\nthese Stack Exchange pages on it: [さえ: How to use\nit?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/33409/%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-how-\nto-use-it) & [ですら・でも・さえ・だろう（と／が）。 Are there any\ndifferences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19784/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%82%89-%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82-%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-%E3%81%A0%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86-%E3%81%A8-%E3%81%8C-are-\nthere-any-differences)",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T01:13:36.663",
"id": "69009",
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}
] |
69007
|
69009
|
69009
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69020",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm having trouble deciphering the phrase marked with ??? in the following\nsentence:\n\nIt sounds like enakatasu\n\nIn the transcript, this phrase is written as 「へなく+」 Is this correct? If so,\nhow do you translate this phrase?\n\n[video starting @ 1:04](https://youtu.be/-Yli8mH-LOE?t=1m4s)\n\n私今？？？ていうサークルに入っているんですけどそこでは困っている人を助けたり私がやっているような日本を教えたりっていう活動をしています。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-22T20:55:53.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69008",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-23T14:33:06.827",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-22T21:15:31.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "7478",
"owner_user_id": "7478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"listening"
],
"title": "deciphering a phrase that sounds like \"enakatasu\"",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[
{
"body": "The comment from l'électeur above has the answer. In the video, the presenter\nis talking about the name of a global non-profit student group she is in,\nEnactus (エナクタス in Japanese). See <https://enactus.org> for more info.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T14:33:06.827",
"id": "69020",
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}
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69008
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69020
|
69020
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69027",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The word 入り込む has two possible readings いり込む and はいり込む. What exactly is the\nmore common reading and the difference of the two? Based on my research\nonline, it seems that はいり込む is more frequently used than いり込む. Is this a\ncorrect assumption?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T02:40:36.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69010",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-06-23T17:31:37.047",
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"owner_user_id": "33362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"readings"
],
"title": "Which reading/meaning of 入り込む is more common？",
"view_count": 138
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would say that this isn't actually a case of one word with two readings, as\nyou've suggested, but of two different words that are written in the same way.\nThat distinction may seem trivial, but if you look up the two words in a good\nJapanese dictionary, it quickly becomes apparent that it is not.\n\n大辞林 defines 入り{はいり}込む{こむ} as follows:\n\n> 中にはいる。奥深くはいる。 「裏口から－・む」\n\n入り{いり}込む{こむ}, on the other hand, is defined like this:\n\n> ① 強引に中にはいって行く。はいりこむ。 「敵陣深く－・む」\n>\n> ② 物事が複雑に絡みあっている。入り組む。 「 － ・んだ事情」\n>\n> ③ 多くの人が寄り集まる。 「人の－・む事多ければ／仮名草子・浮世物語」\n\n[https://www.weblio.jp/content/入り込む](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8A%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80)\n\nAs you can see, while the _first_ definition of 入り{いり}込む{こむ} is quite close to\nthat of 入り{はいり}込む{こむ} (though not precisely identical), 入り{いり}込む{こむ} has two\nadditional meanings that it does not share with 入り{はいり}込む{こむ} at all.\n\nSo when you encounter 入り込む without 振り{ふり}仮名{がな}, your task isn't so much to\ndetermine which of two _readings_ to use, but to figure out which of two\ndifferent _words_ (which do have different readings) is intended. In most\ncases, context should probably allow you to do this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T17:59:38.710",
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}
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69010
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69027
|
69027
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69040",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Don't both of them mean \"Please do not be loud\"?\n\nWhat's the うるさく? Is it うるさい and change い into く to make it a noun? Could you\nguys suggest the topic that I can look into and study more about them?\n\nThank you so much.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T03:29:57.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69011",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T16:12:42.727",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-24T16:12:42.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "33865",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"negation",
"i-adjectives",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "What's difference between うるさくないでください and うるさくしないでください",
"view_count": 312
}
|
[
{
"body": "うるさくしないでください is the only correct choice. うるさくないでください is just plain\nungrammatical because it lacks a verb.\n\n～ないでください (\"Please don't ～\") of course needs a **verb** before it, and in this\ncase, the verb is する (in its nai-form, し(ない)). うるさく is the adverbial form (aka\n\"ku-form\") of the i-adjective うるさい. うるさく is **adverbially** modifying する.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T02:51:56.447",
"id": "69040",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69011",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
69011
|
69040
|
69040
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69031",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just finished studying Heisig's \"Remembering the Kanji\". I would often look\nup Kanji in order to figure out their meaning when the English keyword was\nambiguous. To my surprise, many of the keywords seem to not capture (what I\nthink is) the meaning of the Kanji very well.\n\nFor instance, some keywords seem to have been chosen to match compounds\ncontaining the Kanji:\n\n * 発 \"discharge\" as part of 発射 \"shooting/discharge\". \nThe actual meaning of 発 is probably closer to \"emit/depart\".\n\n * 組 \"association\" as part of 組合 \"association/union/guild\". \nThe actual meaning of 組 is probably closer to \"set/group\".\n\n * 旗 \"national flag\" as part of 国旗 \"national flag\". \nThe actual meaning of 旗 is probably closer to \"flag\".\n\nI imagine that this might be on purpose, as the book does the same with\nprimitive meanings. For instance, the primitive 艮 \"silver\" is derived from the\nKanji 銀 \"silver\". However, I feel that both on the primitive and on the Kanji\nlevel, this leads to more confusion than it does good, at least for me.\n\nSome keywords seem to have been chosen based on a fairly obscure meaning of\nthe Kanji:\n\n * 安 \"relax\" seems to more commonly mean \"cheap\"\n * 印 \"stamp\" seems to more commonly mean \"mark\"\n * 況 \"but of course\" seems to more commonly mean \"condition\"\n\nFinally, there are some keyword choices which I simply do not understand at\nall:\n\n * RtK is the only source claiming that 氷 means \"icicle\". \nInstead, it seems to mean \"ice\" with the word for \"icicle\" being 氷柱, which\nwould make sense.\n\n * RtK is the only source claiming that 般 means \"carrier\". \nInstead, it seems to mean \"sort/kind\".\n\n * RtK is the only source claiming that 采 means \"grab\". \nInstead, it seems to mean \"dice\" or \"form\".\n\n * RtK claims that 娠 means \"with child\". \nIt only appears as part of the compound 妊娠 \"conception/pregnancy\", so it is\nhard to tell.\n\nI know that RtK does not set out to teach words or capture all of the possible\nmeanings of a Kanji with a single English keyword. However, I feel like for\nmany Kanji, there would have been better choices than the ones in RtK and that\nthis would help with learning words later. I found the examples above after\nlooking up just a small fraction of the Kanji, so I imagine that there are\nmany more like this. **I haven't heard many people complain about this aspect\nof RtK, so maybe I am thinking about all of this in the wrong way?**\n\nTrying to come up with better keywords, I have found it to be incredibly\ndifficult to determine the range of meanings of a Kanji, and even harder to\nfind a principal meaning. Nearly all online dictionaries are based on\n[KANJIDIC](http://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/KANJIDIC_Project), which in\nturn builds on the RtK keywords. I found this very surprising, given that RtK\ndoes not set out or claim to provide definitive meanings for Kanji, so it\nseemed very unfitting for a general-purpose dictionary. Due to this, the\nstrangely chosen keywords for Kanji like 氷 and 般 are presented as their\nprimary meanings in many dictionaries. Other sources like Duolingo, Wiktionary\nor the Kyōiku and Jōyō lists on Wikipedia often disagree with no way to tell\nwhich is correct. **Is there a definitive resource for looking up the meaning\nof Kanji?**\n\nFinally, I have tried to determine the meaning of specific Kanji by looking up\nall the words written with them on [jisho](https://jisho.org/). However, I am\nnot sure if this is a sound approach, as the Japanese word might have existed\nbefore the writing, with the Kanji being a merely adequate but not perfect fit\nfor the meaning of the word. For instance, I have found that in the case of 旗,\nmany sources agree on the meaning of the Kanji being \"national flag\", while\nits usage in words suggests that it means \"flag\".\n\nWhich brings me to my final question: **What determines the meaning of a\nKanji?** Is it the Japanese words that are written with the Kanji? Is it the\nChinese word that the character represents? How do Japanese people know which\nKanji to use for which words? Or are all of these issues and questions just a\nconsequence of my misconceptions?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T05:55:32.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69014",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34446",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "How to determine the meaning of a Kanji?",
"view_count": 840
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are Japanese kanji dictionaries that will give you the meaning, or\nmeanings, in Japanese of course.\n\nThe meaning of an individual kanji is not very important for anything other\nthan helping you remember them in the context of words. In my experience\nJapanese people aren't even that well aware of the meaning of them in daily\nuse, no more than we are aware of the origins and meanings of the individual\nalphabet characters, or the etymology of words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T13:32:27.533",
"id": "69018",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-23T13:32:27.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29974",
"parent_id": "69014",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Because 漢字 are not words, it can’t generally be said that they have, by\nthemselves, a meaning. Chinese characters used to function as stand-alone\nwords in classical Chinese, a language that was ‘fossilized’ (as a literary\nlanguage) already in the 3rd century BCE (whenceforth it only became\nincreasingly different from actual, spoken language). They were pragmatically\nborrowed into Japanese, where ever there was already a necessity to convey\nsomething (e.g. an already-existing Japanese word), so that it’s best to think\nof 漢字 as ‘pointing at’ a meaning, rather than as a functional system of\nsemantic elements. In other words, the characters are not a part of language;\nthey are _used_ by language. Even in modern Chinese, many characters are no\nlonger used outside of compounds.\n\nAbout some of the words you mentioned, this is what I can say:\n\n * 発: used to mean ‘fly forth, send forth’, e.g. to ‘discharge’ an arrow, in Chinese (which is why the traditional character 發 contains 弓 ‘bow’). It was borrowed in Japanese to mean ‘departure’ (e.g. of a train). Evidently, there wasn’t 和語 (native Japanese word) for this meaning, when modern transportation tecnology created the necessity for it, so when life gives you lemons…you take a character meaning ‘discharge’ (in Chinese) and use it metaphorically. But it also appears in 発射 ‘shot, launch’, 勃発 ‘outbreak’ (e.g. of war), where you see the military nature of the 漢字 at play.\n * 安: used to mean ‘peaceful’ in Chinese, and it represented a person kneeling under a roof. It also meant ‘easy/comfortable’. It was borrowed to spell the 和語「やすい」, meaning ‘easy/cheap’. But see also 安心する ‘be at ease, be comforted’. Today, it seems that the character 易い is more often used to spell やすい meaning ‘easy’, whereas 安い is used to spell やすい meaning ‘cheap’. Actually these two are the _same_ 和語, but sometimes, because you have some liberty on how to spell a word, you can use this liberty to convey nuances of meaning or style.\n * 般: originally meant ‘turn around’ in Chinese, and it depicted a boat (舟) being steered. But because the Chinese word sounded very similar to 搬, meaning ‘move, transport’ (note that they have the same 音読み), the character 般 was also employed phonetically in Chinese to write the word 搬. (The radical 扌 was added at a later date, to specify.) 般 was also used phonetically for the word 班 meaning ‘distribute, classify’, which is why it means ‘sort’ in modern Chinese.\n\nFinally, you must realize that the historical development of some 漢字 and of\ntheir usage is simply not known. Such is the topic of active research.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T20:45:48.573",
"id": "69031",
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"score": 5
}
] |
69014
|
69031
|
69031
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69025",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can somebody explain to me the difference in usage of these three forms.\nSometimes it feels as if there are cases where they are interchangeable. If\nyou could add also some examples it would be extremely helpful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T14:33:29.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69021",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T09:40:03.540",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-24T16:06:20.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between にしては、 わりに and くせに?",
"view_count": 2215
}
|
[
{
"body": "I tend to remember N＋にしては as \"even though (it is) N\", while I tend to remember\nN＋の＋わりに（は）as \"considering N\". Of course, both can be translated \"for\", but\nthis distinction helps me a little.\n\nClearly, both phrases express something unexpected. They are sometimes\ninterchangeable, but にしては needs to point directly to the characteristic you\nare talking about, while わりに can talk more abstractly.\n\nFor example, both にしては and のわりに are OK in the following sentences, as January\nis a specific concept by which you can think about the typical weather:\n\n> １月 **にしては** 暖かい朝だ。 \"Even though it is January...\" **OK**\n>\n> １月 **のわりに** 暖かい朝だ。 \"Considering it is January...\" **OK**\n>\n> For January, it is a warm morning. (i.e. I am finding it warmer than I might\n> expect for a January morning).\n\nHowever, the following sentences for にしては are ungrammatical **.\n\n> ** 彼は年齢にしては元気だ。\"Even though he is age...\" **？？**\n>\n> 彼は年齢のわりに元気だ。 \"Considering his age...\" **OK**\n>\n> He is lively considering his age.\n>\n> ** 田中さんは身長にしては、軽すぎじゃない？ \"Even though he is height...\" **？？**\n>\n> 田中さんは身長のわりに、軽すぎじゃない？ \"Considering his height...\" **OK**\n>\n> Considering his height, isn't Tanaka too light?\n\nHowever, if you replace e.g. the 年齢 with a concrete age, both are fine:\n\n> 彼は６０歳にしては元気だ。\"Even though he is 60...\" **OK**\n>\n> 彼は６０歳のわりに元気だ。 \"Considering he is 60...\" **OK**\n>\n> For a 60 year old, he is lively.\n\n* * *\n\nBoth にしては and わりに can also be used with verbs; I think they are essentially\ninterchangeable in these instances. Again, both can be used in positive or\nnegative situations.\n\nFor example:\n\n> ダイエットをしているにしてはよく食べる。\"Even though you are on a diet...\" **OK**\n>\n> ダイエットをしているわりによく食べる。\"Considering you are on a diet...\" **OK**\n>\n> You eat a lot even though you are on a diet.\n>\n> You eat a lot considering you are on a diet.\n\n* * *\n\nYou can use わりに with い- and な-adjectives; you **can't** use にしては. The\nformation is （いadj）い＋わりに and (なadj)な＋わりに.\n\n> この寿司は高いわりにまずい。\n>\n> Considering it is expensive, this sushi is bad.\n>\n> このレストランは有名なわりにおいしくなかった。\n>\n> Considering it is famous, this restaurant('s food) was not delicious.\n\n* * *\n\nThere is another use of わりに, which is just to show the gap in expectation\n**without** providing the justification. Just don't append the noun which\nprovides the basis of the expectation. For example:\n\n> 今日、わりに寒いね。\n>\n> Today, it is cooler than I expected.\n>\n> わりに、おいしくなかったね。\n>\n> (The food) was less delicious than I expected.\n\n* * *\n\n〜くせに：although 〜, despite 〜 is quite different. It expresses\nannoyance/criticism/anger, and can be quite rude. It is like a \"negative\" 〜のに.\nSo circumstance will usually make it clear when this is (in)appropriate.\n\n> できるくせにやろうとしない。 Although you can do it, you don't even try!\n\nFinally, this post [Usage of くせに and わりに in the following\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29333/usage-\nof-%E3%81%8F%E3%81%9B%E3%81%AB-and-%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AB-in-the-\nfollowing-sentence) interestingly notes an interesting difference between わりに\nand くせに, in that わりに works only when talking about proportional claims/factors\n(e.g. age) rather than something (ostensibly) binary, like gender.\n\n* * *\n\nApologies if I missed something; there's quite a lot there... but hope that\nhelps!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T16:12:16.347",
"id": "69025",
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"score": 11
}
] |
69021
|
69025
|
69025
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69039",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the song Diver by Nico Touches the Walls there is this line, そこまで行けそうなら. I\nhave been scratching my head on this for years actually, just remembered it\nrecently. I don't think I've seen anywhere else そう and なら used together.\nShould I just take it at face value, \"if it seems like I can go there\"? Which\nsounds bizzare.\n\nAnd later on there is どこまで行けそうかな which makes a little more sense to me, \"I\nwonder how far can I go\", but just want to check I'm understanding this right.\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T17:24:46.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69026",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T02:45:17.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22363",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does 行けそうなら mean?",
"view_count": 341
}
|
[
{
"body": "The literal translation is indeed \"if it seems like I can go there\". そうなら is a\nvery common combination:\n\n * 長くなりそうなら言ってください。 \nIf you think it's going to take time, tell me.\n\n * できそうならやってください。 \nIf it looks possible to you, please do it.\n\nSo [the context](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a04dac3/l023e1d.html) is that he is\nseeing a subtle light (or \"hope\"), but it's very far, and he is still\nwondering which direction to go at this point. Read between the lines like \"If\nI can go there, I should, but I'm not sure if I can\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T02:45:17.400",
"id": "69039",
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"score": 2
}
] |
69026
|
69039
|
69039
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69035",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This sentence recently appeared in one of my N1 training books:\n\n> 彼女が合格する可能性は **なきにしもあらず** だが、彼がパスする可能性は **なき** にひとしい。\n>\n> My translation: While she may have a slight chance of passing the exam, it\n> is hopeless for him. (lit. his chances are the same as nothing)\n\nIs [なきにしもあらず~なきに] a set phrase that often/always comes as a pair? Or can I use\n「なきにしもあらず」 also without the following contrasting 「なきに」 and still sound\nnatural?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T19:16:00.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69028",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T16:04:22.303",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31624",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Is なきにしもあらず~なきに a set phrase?",
"view_count": 461
}
|
[
{
"body": "無きにしもあらず (\"not zero\", \"cannot say never\") and\n[無きに等しい](https://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E7%84%A1%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AB%E7%AD%89%E3%81%97%E3%81%84)\n(\"virtually zero\", \"nearly no\") are two different set phrases which are not\ndirectly related to each other. You can safely use one of them without using\nthe other.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T01:10:30.627",
"id": "69035",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T01:10:30.627",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69028",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69028
|
69035
|
69035
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69034",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "出来る is a verb meaning \"Can/be able to\".\n\nWhich ways of attaching a verb to it is correct?\n\n * 〜で出来る\n\ni.e. 覚えて出来ます。\n\n * の／ことが出来ます\n\ni.e. 覚えるのが出来ます。\n\nI feel, like both should be correct, but I'm just still just a half year\nlearning japanese, so sorry for trouble. Are there any other ways to say\n\"can\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T21:21:28.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69032",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T00:02:54.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33283",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the proper way of saying \"can\" about an action?",
"view_count": 98
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you are using ができます to express the ability to do a verb, then it has to be\nV(dict. f.)＋ **こと** +ができます。You cannot use の to nominalise the verb in this\ncase.\n\nThe main other way to say \"can\" for a verb is the potential verb form, which I\nassume you are yet to encounter :) -- so here is a summary of how to form it!\n(See also the entry in Tae Kim's Guide to Japanese Grammar, who probably does\na better job than I...\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/potential)).\n\nFor Group 1/'う' verbs (e.g. 行く、飲む), you change the final sound to the え-line,\nand add る e.g. 行く→行ける (can go)、飲む→飲める (can drink). These then conjugate like\nGroup 2/'る' verbs.\n\nFor Group 2/'る' verbs (e.g. 食べる、信じる (a Gr. 2 exception)), you cut off the る,\nand add られる. e.g. 食べる→食べられる (can eat), 信じられる (can believe). These are the\nofficial forms, but there is also a slang-ier contracted form for the Group 2\nverbs, where you drop the ら e.g. 食べれる, in case you encounter these. But you\nprobably don't have to worry about that for now...\n\nFor Group 3 verbs, you have 来る→来られる (can come), and する→できる (can do, as in the\nVることができる construction).\n\nThis post explains that there is some nuance between the type of \"can\" that\neach of these constructions expresses (i.e. ことができる perhaps implies a technical\nability, while the potential form of a verb has a broader meaning):\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2719/33435>\n\nThere are a few other ways you _might_ express potential (e.g. using the noun\nfor potential 可能), but the two ways above are the most important means of\ndoing so.\n\nHope that helps, and good luck on your Japanese learning journey!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T23:13:31.797",
"id": "69034",
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"score": 3
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] |
69032
|
69034
|
69034
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To provide some context, if not apparent, they are looking to take part in the\nschool election and have just been shown all the other groups that they are\ncompeting with.\n\nFrom what I can see there are a lot of uses for ドロドロ and I'm not quite sure\nhow to understand it in this context.\n\n> 雲母「このシートを見てみろ。我々の他に参戦している敵団体だ」\n>\n> 灯「えっと……うわ、多い……」\n>\n> 灯「放送委員会、神撫学園吹奏楽団、学園紳士淑女同盟、大世紀魔術研究部……委員会や部活だけじゃないんだー」\n>\n> 雲母「それに加えて、前生徒会長。再選を狙い出馬しているらしい」\n>\n> 歩武「うえぇ……俺達が無関心でいる間に、 **生徒会はこんなにドロドロしてたのか** 」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-23T22:17:01.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69033",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T01:18:15.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34461",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does ドロドロしてた mean in 生徒会はこんなにドロドロしてた",
"view_count": 109
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to [this](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/9071/) and\n[this](https://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/23020/), when ドロドロ refers to\nhuman relationships, it can be translated like:\n\n * ugly (relationship)\n * messy (relationship)\n * toxic (relationship)\n * like a soap opera\n\nI think you can use \"dirty\", too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T01:18:15.240",
"id": "69037",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T01:18:15.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69033",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69033
| null |
69037
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What exactly means to describe someone saying \"圧が強い\" (atsu ga tsuyoi) . I know\nthat's something related with \"the person has a strong pressure\" or \"the\npressure in that person is strong\" but I was wondering about what is the real\nconnotation for this expression.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T01:13:57.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69036",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T16:06:39.820",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-24T16:06:39.820",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34462",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"slang",
"culture"
],
"title": "圧が強い what's the meaning?",
"view_count": 323
}
|
[
{
"body": "Basically this 圧 is a figurative and humorous expression that refers to one's\n\"energy\" or \"aura\". The implication of 圧が強い depends on the context. If it's\nnegative, it implies \"oppressing\", \"noisy and annoying\", \"scary\", \"over-\nconfident and rude\", etc. If it's neutral or positive, it implies \"eager\",\n\"looks full of confidence\", \"has strong presence\", etc. This is a rather\nrecent slangy expression, and it's probably not included in a serious\ndictionary.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T02:07:29.743",
"id": "69038",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T02:21:03.730",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-24T02:21:03.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69036",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69036
| null |
69038
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69044",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching this Japanese drama called _Nagareboshi_ where a girl confessed\nher feelings for some guy but regrets not having said her feelings sooner. Her\nlines confuse me. It was something like this.\n\n> でもこれで良かったのかもね... \n> 私のみっともない所見せられたから... \n> きっと知らないよりは... \n> 少しだけ長く一緒にいられる気がする...\n\nOnly thing I can really understand is the 1st line, \"It might better this\nway.\" I think the 2nd line goes like \"If you saw how shameful I am..\"\n\nThe 3rd and 4th lines I'm having trouble with the most.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T03:36:40.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69042",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T16:18:20.887",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-24T16:18:20.887",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34297",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"知らないより\" mean here?",
"view_count": 487
}
|
[
{
"body": "より is a comparison target marker. より can directly follow a verb/adjective, for\nexample, 作るより食べる方が好きです (\"I like eating more than preparing food\"), ないよりある方がいい\n(\"Having some is better than having nothing.\"). So 知らないより literally means\n\"rather than not knowing\", \"compared to his not knowing (my true self)\".\n\n> 私のみっともない所見せられたから... \n> ...because I was able to show him the shameful part of myself.\n>\n> きっと知らないよりは... \n> Perhaps, compared to the case where he did not know it,\n>\n> 少しだけ長く一緒にいられる気がする... \n> (with this,) I feel I can be with him a little bit longer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T04:13:22.817",
"id": "69044",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T10:16:45.090",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-24T10:16:45.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69042",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
69042
|
69044
|
69044
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69045",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a manga, a girl is reproaching her friend for not being very sociable since\nshe became friend with a guy from the school cinema club:\n\n> あんた あの映研のメガネとつるむようになってから **つきあい悪い** し **ノリも悪い**\n\nI read on Kenkyusha dictionary that 付き合いの悪い人 is \"an unsociable person\", while\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6587/where-does-the-\nphrase-%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AA%E3%81%8C%E6%82%AA%E3%81%84-come-from-and-what-is-\nthe-meaning) I read that ノリが悪い人 is \"someone who never joins in\". To me they\nlook pretty similar, but since they are used together in the sentence, there\nmust be a slight difference. Could someone plese explain what this difference\nis? Thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T04:08:21.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69043",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T04:39:31.760",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-24T04:25:34.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Difference between 付き合いが悪い and ノリが悪い",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "This ノリ is a slangy term, and it corresponds to the fourth definition\n[here](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%B9%97%E3%82%8A): \"(getting into the) mood;\n(entering into the) spirit; energy; enthusiasm; rhythm; feeling\". So ノリが悪い is\nmore about one's vibes, atmosphere, etc. Simply put, by ノリが悪い, the girl is\nsaying her friend seems bored and not energetic when they are together.\n\n付き合いが悪い is relatively more objective, and mainly refers to the reluctance to\nbe together in their free time. For example, if someone turned down an\ninvitation to go to a movie/izakaya/etc without good reason, that may be\n付き合いが悪い.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T04:39:31.760",
"id": "69045",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T04:39:31.760",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69043",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69043
|
69045
|
69045
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 子｛ね｝子｛こ｝子｛のこ｝子｛こ｝子｛ね｝子｛こ｝、 子｛し｝子｛し｝子｛のこ｝子｛こ｝子｛じ｝子｛し｝。\n\nP.S. It's not necessary limited into one category. It's somewhat similar to\nspecial [_antithetical\ncouplet_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithetical_couplet) below:\n\n```\n\n 種花種,種種種,種種種來種種香; 調琴調,調調調,調調調來調調妙。\n \n```",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T06:19:08.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69046",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T02:42:33.450",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-25T02:42:33.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "34389",
"owner_user_id": "34389",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"literature"
],
"title": "Which kind of literary genre of the following belongs to?",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's a form of [Constrained\nwriting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constrained_writing), which is any\nwriting that involves artificial constraints to affect its composition (in\nthis case, the use of a single character with multiple readings and meanings).\n\nIt bears similarity to the Chinese poem [Lion-Eating Poet in the Stone\nDen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion-Eating_Poet_in_the_Stone_Den) which\nuses only homophones of \"shi\", or the English sentence [\"Buffalo buffalo\nBuffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo\nbuffalo\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_buffalo_Buffalo_buffalo).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T01:06:48.947",
"id": "69065",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T01:06:48.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16022",
"parent_id": "69046",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69046
| null |
69065
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69049",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently came across the term `自由課題` in this context:\n\n```\n\n アイスの棒で作ったおうち\n 自由課題はこれでクリア!!\n \n```\n\nFor reference, a character just finished building a house made of popsicle\nsticks.\n\nI assume it roughly means `summer project` but could not find anything to\nsupport this online.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T08:37:52.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69047",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T17:28:52.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31095",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 自由課題 mean?",
"view_count": 255
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think `summer project` is a good working translation. The [dictionary\nentry](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%AA%B2%E9%A1%8C)\nsuggests it could be literally anything you've done of your own initiative and\nhave achieved, but I did a google search, and there are mainly results for\narts & crafts-y type things in the summer e.g. [some young children doing\ncalligraphy](http://blog.livedoor.jp/ushun_shoin/archives/46119620.html),\n[some older children doing painting](http://sorabi.net/blog/1528), [this robot\ngiraffe kit](https://item.mercari.com/jp/m952782830/), [somebody who has built\nsome architectural models](http://zonebi.blog97.fc2.com/blog-entry-228.html),\n[and this museum's summer programme](http://nbz.or.jp/?p=16927), amongst other\nthings. So, it does seem to be used mostly for younger people and projects\nthey are doing outside of the classroom, but the dictionary doesn't strictly\ngo that far to narrow it down.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T11:13:39.223",
"id": "69049",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T11:13:39.223",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "69047",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69047
|
69049
|
69049
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69053",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been reading web novels and found the word \"繋ぎ止める\"here.\n<https://syosetu.org/novel/47581/34.html>. I'm not really sure how に and を can\nbe used here?\n\n> 君に私を繋ぎ留められてる\n\nDoes this mean \"I'm being bound/restricted by you\" \"I'm being bound/restricted\nto you\"? or \"I'm restricting you.\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T10:27:44.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69048",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T12:41:02.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34028",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "How do I use に and を with 繋ぎ留める?",
"view_count": 58
}
|
[
{
"body": "It seems [to be 止, not\n留](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%B9%8B%E3%81%8E%E6%AD%A2%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B).\nAnd you probably mean \"私は君に繋ぎ止められてる\".\n\nI am not familiar with this verb but I think it has a positive meaning without\nnuance of restriction. Based on what I found it would either mean 1) fasten\nsomething so it stays put (like a boat), or 2) make it so that a relationship\nhols on, doesn't fall apart.\n\nIn your text, I would see it like \"I'm getting weak but thanks to him,\nthings(?) are still holding.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T12:41:02.397",
"id": "69053",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T12:41:02.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1065",
"parent_id": "69048",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69048
|
69053
|
69053
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The guy wakes up inside an airplane, asks 今はなんでもない (translated as: Where are\nwe now?) and the response is above some city in Swiss. My question is: How is\nthis sentence transformed to a question about location?. No dictionary gives\nme a hint.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T11:39:37.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69050",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T11:39:37.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "今はなんでもない is asking for location?",
"view_count": 85
}
|
[] |
69050
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does シン mean in シン・ゴジラ? My dictionary says \"thin.\"\n\nOnline comments imply that it \"could mean true, new, God, shaking, and so on.\"\nThat's a long stretch away.\n\nI assume that 'shin gojira' is just a phonetic variation and that 'Godzilla:\nResurgence' a creative translation (for commercial purposes, to differentiate\nit from all the other Godzilla movies).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T12:13:17.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69051",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T12:46:58.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Shin Godzilla/ シン・ゴジラ/ Shin Gojira/ Godzilla: Resurgence",
"view_count": 302
}
|
[
{
"body": "Since シン is written in katakana, the meaning is not very clear even to a\nnative speaker who sees this title. Under the hood, this シン has multiple\nmeanings by intention. According to [this\narticle](https://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2015/09/23/kiji/K20150923011187800.html):\n\n> タイトルは庵野秀明総監督（５５）が「新」「真」「神」などさまざまな意味を込めて命名。\n>\n> Director Hideaki Anno gave the title due to the variety of meanings シン\n> conveys, such as \"new\" (新), \"true\" (真), and \"God\" (神).\n\n新 and 真 are both common prefixes for a sequel. The meaning of \"shaking\" is\nprobably 震. Some may recall English \"sin\", too, but I don't know how \"thin\"\nrelates to Godzilla.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T12:46:58.783",
"id": "69054",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T12:46:58.783",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69051",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69051
| null |
69054
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can somebody explain to me the difference beetween these two grammatical\nforms? They both seem to have the same meaning of \"it doesn't mean that\" ,and\nalso they are both used at the end of the sentence. Perhaps, the difference is\nthat というものではない, must be preceded by a verb or adjectives in ば form?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T14:01:17.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69055",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T02:01:38.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between わけではない and というものではない？",
"view_count": 722
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think this question is essentially about the difference between 訳だ and ものだ.\n\n * [Why should I use わけだ and not ものだ in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/49130/5010)\n\nOnly 訳 can describe a reason-conclusion relationship typically described with\nwords like \"because\", \"therefore\", etc. もの focuses on a cold fact, a customary\nobligation, or \"common sense\".\n\nFor example, when you give a general fact or advice, the following sentences\nare roughly the same:\n\n> It's not that an expensive gift is always good.\n>\n> * 贈り物は値段が高ければ良いという訳ではない。\n> * 贈り物は値段が高ければ良いというものではない。\n>\n\nHowever, you can only use 訳ではない in the following situation:\n\n> I did say I like baseball, but that is not to say I want to be a baseball\n> player.\n>\n> * 野球が好きとは言ったけど、野球選手になりたいという訳ではない。\n> * [??] 野球が好きとは言ったけど、野球選手になりたいというものではない。 (highly unnatural)\n>\n\nIn this case, you are trying to deny a false reason-conclusion relationship,\nand the latter half of the sentence has nothing to do with common sense or\ncustoms, so 訳 is the natural choice.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [What's the meaning of 〜というものではない？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12510/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T01:36:33.013",
"id": "69066",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T02:01:38.140",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-25T02:01:38.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69055",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
69055
| null |
69066
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69061",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the usage and the meaning of まま in this sentence?\n\n> 彼の本はずいぶん前に読んだ **まま** なので、内容のほとんどは忘れてしまった。\n\nI think the meaning is something like\n\n> \"It's been a long time since I read his book, that's why I forgot most of\n> the content\".\n\nI only know まま as in \"two things happening at the same time\". Can somebody\nprovide me with some examples?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T14:10:47.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69056",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T05:45:23.680",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-27T05:45:23.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of まま in this case?",
"view_count": 632
}
|
[
{
"body": "This まま describes a lack of change of some state. In this sentence, this まま\nexpresses that nothing has happened regarding the book after you first read it\nlong ago.\n\n * [Tae Kim's Guide to Learning Japanese: Expressing a lack of change](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nochange#Using_to_express_a_lack_of_change)\n * [Maggie Sensei: How to use 〜まま ( = mama)](http://maggiesensei.com/2014/03/09/%E2%98%85how-to-use-%E3%81%BE%E3%81%BEmama/)\n\nThe primary particle to describe \"two things happening at the same time\" is\nながら. For example, the following sentences are roughly the same:\n\n * 立ちながら話す \"to chat while standing\"\n * 立ったまま話す \"to chat while standing\"\n\nBut you cannot use まま in the following case:\n\n * 食べながら話す \"to chat while eating\"\n * [×] 食べたまま話す (wrong)\n\nThis is because 立つ is an instant state change verb, and when you say 立ったまま話す,\n立つ actually happened before 話す. That is, you stood up, and while that\n\"standing\" status is present, you chat. But when you say 食べながら話す, the two\nactions are happening truly simultaneously, so you have to use ながら.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T00:15:04.893",
"id": "69061",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T00:15:04.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69056",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69056
|
69061
|
69061
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In episode 3 of **Shingeki no Kyojin** at 8:30 there is this sentence:\n\n> 願わくば **このまま穏やかなままとはいかねぇもんだろうか**\n\nI tried my hardest but I couldn't understand what it means; can any expert\nhere explain the structures used in 「このまま穏やかなままとはいかねぇもんだろうか」? Thank you very\nmuch!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T15:52:14.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69057",
"last_activity_date": "2020-01-04T11:40:10.733",
"last_edit_date": "2020-01-04T11:40:10.733",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "34361",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"grammar"
],
"title": "願わくばこのまま穏やかなままとはいかねぇもんだろうか meaning?",
"view_count": 177
}
|
[
{
"body": "* **願わくば** : \"Hopefully, ...\" see: [What conjugation of 願う is 願わくば, and what does it mean here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30245/5010)\n * **このまま** : \"like this\"; \"as it is now\"; \"at this rate\"\n * **穏やかなまま** : \"the calm/peaceful status continues\"\n * **とはいかねぇ** : = とはいかない, \"won't pass as ～\", \"cannot expect ～\", See: [Where does the いかない in ～わけにはいかない come from?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2882/5010) and [What does 「そうもいかなくて」 mean in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/37093/5010)\n * **と** : the quotative particle that marks the \"content\" of the verb 行く. see: [Function of と when used with 続く](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68125/5010)\n * **は** : the topic particle\n * **いかねぇ** : = いかない, \"will not pass/go\"\n * **もん** : adds the meaning of \"the way it should be\", see: [The meanings of ものだ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43083/5010) and [Alternative meaning of ものか](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66245/5010)\n * **だろうか** : \"I wonder if ～\", see: [だろう in question context?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62238/5010)\n\n> 願わくば「このまま穏やかなまま」とはいかねぇもんだろうか?\n>\n> (literally) Hopefully, I wonder if it should not go like things stay calm as\n> it is now?\n>\n> I wonder if I can expect everything will stay as calm as now?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T00:41:23.237",
"id": "69063",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T00:41:23.237",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69057",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69057
| null |
69063
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 白き布 もて盤上を 磨きたり 人は心に 鏡をもてり。\n\nIs もてり 持てる？ If so, in that case why does a potential verb have the が particle?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T16:51:37.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69058",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T06:23:50.087",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-28T06:23:50.087",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "9357",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"classical-japanese",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Meaning of もてり and use of が",
"view_count": 364
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is not the potential form of 持つ, but the 已然形 of 持つ plus the 終止形 of the\n助動詞 り. In this case, the combination corresponds to modern Japanese 持っている.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-24T17:14:34.807",
"id": "69059",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-24T17:14:34.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33934",
"parent_id": "69058",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
69058
| null |
69059
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was able to identify 弐 (alternative form of 二 used on legal documents,\naccording to Jisho.org), but I still can't identify the others, in order to\nknow what is written there\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wab6g.jpg)\n\n_[Full-size](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yXSGo.jpg)_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T00:40:02.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69062",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T05:50:17.283",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-25T05:50:17.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "34463",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is written on my mug?",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "The text on the right reads 有田焼 (Arita-yaki), which is porcelain produced in\nthe Arita (Saga-ken) region.\n\nThe text on the left reads 弐峰, which is a particular maker of Arita-yaki, but\nI don't know how to read the name. Maybe Futamine?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T00:59:10.830",
"id": "69064",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T00:59:10.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "69062",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69062
| null |
69064
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone help me understand if the difference in use between the form ます\nand the form て in this kind of sentence? 魚が泳いでいます。 (It's the same as when we\nsay in English that we're doing something?) 魚が泳ぎます。 \n(It's like attesting a fact?)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T03:39:45.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69068",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T05:08:23.623",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-25T04:58:41.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "25413",
"owner_user_id": "34462",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "form ます and the form て",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[
{
"body": "First off, the \"て form\" in Japanese refers to just the form 泳いで, or the form\nof the verb ending in て or で。When you write a verb like 泳いでいます, that's called\nte-iru/te-imasu form or sometimes \"progressive form,\" although that can be\nmisleading.\n\nYour understanding is nearly correct. 魚が泳いでいます means \"The fish is swimming.\"\nAs in, right now, a particular fish is swimming.\n\n魚が泳ぎます is a little trickier. It doesn't mean \"Fish swim\" as a general property\nof fish. That would be:\n\n> 魚 **は** 泳ぎます。\n\nThe は particle is used for attesting a well-known fact.\n\n魚が泳ぎます most likely means one of these two things, and you'd need context to\ndetermine which one:\n\n 1. The fish will swim.\n 2. It's the answer to the question 何が泳ぎますか。What swims? Fish swim.\n\nFinally, the te-imasu form can be used for a habitual action, although it\ndoesn't make sense in this case. But I could say 最近泳いでいます, meaning that I've\nbeen going swimming lately.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T05:08:23.623",
"id": "69069",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T05:08:23.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "69068",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69068
| null |
69069
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69073",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I recently came across the phrase `じゃないんじゃない` in this sentence:\n\n> Clerk: 「でも うちで売{う}ってるアイスじゃないんじゃないかしら。」\n\nFor context, some kids are claiming they have a winning popsicle stick but the\nclerk can't seem to recognize it.\n\nHere, I believe the clerk is saying `But I don't think we sell this kind of\nice cream here`.\n\nHowever, the `じゃないんじゃない` is throwing me off because it looks like it's\nnegating the sentence while also asking for confirmation, as if the clerk\ndoesn't believe her own words or something.\n\nHow should `じゃないんじゃない` be translated here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T05:17:57.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69070",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-26T12:33:54.577",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-26T12:33:54.577",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31095",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"tag-question"
],
"title": "Meaning of じゃないんじゃない?",
"view_count": 3636
}
|
[
{
"body": "The かしら makes this a bit confusing, as I don't think that a female shop\nattendant would use the word in recent years.\n\nBut, this is a good example when the way you say it (especially intonation)\ngets crucial. The double negations are very common.\n\nAlso, even the single <X>じゃないか？ could mean both (although I guess more often\nit is used in a meaning \"I thought <X> was the case but are you really\ntelling me that <opposite of X> is the case???\". No research behind, though,\nand the opposite meaning is also common.)\n\nJust imagining the context, I would guess the shop clerk is in a polite way\nsaying \"C'mon, you say you didn't buy it here, you really think I believe\nyou???\"\n\np.s. Sometimes you even see triple negations (even if not counting eg もったえない\nas a negation) Among natives, these may be perceived as a incapability to\nexpress ones message clearly, in English, like in \"No, I don't think that\npeople think that you are a person who does not tell your child not to do\nthings when he/she is doing something he/she should not be doing.\"",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T06:15:38.013",
"id": "69071",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T17:32:37.437",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-28T17:32:37.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "69070",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> でも うちで売ってるアイスじゃないん **じゃないかしら**\n\n「～じゃないかしら。」「～じゃないかな。」 can mean \"I suspect...\" \"I think...\" \"Isn't it...?\"\n\nうちで売ってるアイス means \"ice cream that's sold in our shop\". (うちで売ってる is a relative\nclause that modifies アイス.)\n\nSo the sentence basically means...\n\n> \"But, it is not the ice cream that we sell, is it?\" \n> \"But, I think it is not the ice cream that we sell.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T06:59:57.623",
"id": "69073",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T06:59:57.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "69070",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
] |
69070
|
69073
|
69073
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it red ?\n\nあかですか？あかいですか？\n\nIt is red.\n\nあかです。あかいです。\n\nWhich of each is correct or would both options be correct ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T08:19:27.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69074",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T09:38:53.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives",
"colors"
],
"title": "Clarification on colours and い",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both are correct, and depends on what you are asking about.\n\nIf asking for the color of the traffic light, you would use あかですか / あかです\n\nWhile waiting the lights to change, looking at other cars and due to e.g. sun\nbeing low, making it difficult to see the color of the car behind you in the\nrear mirror, it would be あかいですか / あかいです\n\n\"Normally\" you would use あか when referring to the color itself, and あかい when\nusing it to describe something.\n\n(It is not only about colors, だい and おおきい are similar.)\n\nBut the above \"normally\" may be an overstatement, also considering the traffic\nlight example. This is a reverse-engineered rule, but one tends to omit the い\nin combinations of noun and the adjective, when combined, are considered being\none entity, being commonly used. For example, therefore, not only あかしんごう but\nalso eg あかペン くろぺん だいじょっき.\n\n(Without the last example, one could think that the あか in あかぺん and あかしんごう was\nthere as one is not describing the color of the object, but the color it\nemits, but it does not explain だいじょっき.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T09:38:53.177",
"id": "69076",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T09:38:53.177",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "69074",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
69074
| null |
69076
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69077",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sorry if this question has been asked before. I tried to look around for an\nanswer but couldn't find it.\n\nI just want to state before that my question is not regarding the verb ある or\nverbs with kanji + multiple hiragana (for example 負ける). The question is\nregarding verbs with kanji + single る.\n\nI have some issues with the negative form of verbs ending with る. I know the\nbasic rules for converting a verb into negative form (adding an あ-sound + ない)\nbut i cant get a grasp on these. Sometimes it is らない and sometimes just ない. Is\nthere a rule to when it is らない and when its just ない or is it just an\nirregularity?\n\nExamples:\n\n * 出る -> 出ない\n * 降る -> 降らない\n * 着る -> 着ない\n * 切る -> 切らない\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T09:09:50.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69075",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T19:00:30.283",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-25T19:00:30.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34470",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"negation"
],
"title": "Conjugate る-ending verbs into negative form",
"view_count": 452
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are generally 3 categories of verbs, and their names depend on which\ntextbook you use. There are Type 1 (五段), Type 2 (一段), and Irregular verbs.\n\n * The conjugation for negative form for Type 1 verbs:\n\n * Change the final sound to the corresponding one that ends in -a, then append ない\n * 切る→切ら→切らない\n * 歩く→歩か→歩かない\n * 会う→会わ→会わない （not 会あない）\n * 帰る→帰ら→帰らない\n * The conjugation for negative form for Type 2 verbs: \n\n * drop る and append ない\n * 出る→出ない \n * 見る→見ない\n * 変える→変えない\n\nAll Type 2 (一段) verbs end in -iru or -eru. The **converse is not true** ; i.e.\nverbs that end in -iru and -eru may also be Type 1 (五段).\n\n * There are two other verbs ending in る – namely する and くる – that are irregular:\n\n * する→しない\n * くる→こない",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T09:41:14.267",
"id": "69077",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T18:43:47.370",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-25T18:43:47.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "33934",
"owner_user_id": "542",
"parent_id": "69075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
69075
|
69077
|
69077
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> より寂しい雰囲気が漂っている\n\nWhy より standing in front?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T11:18:58.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69079",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-25T12:03:35.293",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34390",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-より"
],
"title": "より in this sentence. When より standing in front?",
"view_count": 106
}
|
[] |
69079
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69092",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "からというものは and 以来, both appear to share the meaning of \"after that event, the\nstate did not chage. It's always the same\". Can someone help me to understand\nthe difference?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T13:21:43.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69080",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T02:08:27.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between (て)からというものは and (て)以来？",
"view_count": 137
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 以来 is a relatively simple objective term, \"since ～ (, something has been ...)\". ～からというもの sounds more dramatic and emphatic, \" _ever_ since ～\". According to BCCWJ, 以来 is over 30 times more common than からというもの.\n * ～からというもの only follows それ/あれ and the te-form of a verb. 以来 can directly follow a noun, too. \n\n> あの事故以来、よく眠れません。 \n> [×] あの事故からというもの、よく眠れません。 ← wrong\n\n * ～からというもの can optionally be followed by the topic marker は. 以来 cannot.\n * 以来 also works as a no-adjective.\n\n> 2015年以来の安値 \n> the lowest price since 2015\n>\n> 彼を見るのは2月以来だ。 \n> This is the first time I see him after February.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T02:02:59.920",
"id": "69092",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T02:08:27.233",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-26T02:08:27.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69080",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69080
|
69092
|
69092
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "mc misread the time and thought he was late so he ran as fast as possible to\nschool even though he had plenty of time. His friend makes fun of his frantic\nbehavior as he entered\n\n> まだ本鈴まで５分あるんだから、なにもそんなになるまで全力で走らんでも、良かったんじゃないのか？\n\nthere's still 5 min before the bell rings, even if you run with all your might\nlike that... that was a waste of effort wasn't it(?)\n\nlogically \"... was a waste of effort\" makes sense, but what is actually\nwritten is more like \"that's good isn't it? How does なにも at the start fit in\nwith this?\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T17:50:46.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69082",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T01:35:46.650",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-26T01:35:46.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adverbs"
],
"title": "なにも....良かったんじゃないのか？ in this sentence",
"view_count": 68
}
|
[] |
69082
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69087",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Season 2, Episode 3 of Shingeki no Kyojin at 12:30, I encountered this\nsentence:\n\n```\n\n その表層は硬化した皮膚で形成されていると考えていい\n \n```\n\nI understand its meaning literally is: \"I think that this surface is\nconstructed by harden skin.\"\n\nBut I searched everywhere and can't find と考えていい used anywhere. What is the\nmeaning of adding ていい? is it a little redundant? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T18:36:01.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69083",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-20T00:03:05.787",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-20T00:03:05.787",
"last_editor_user_id": "34473",
"owner_user_id": "34361",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "と考えていい ending sentence meaning?",
"view_count": 220
}
|
[
{
"body": "I would translate と考えていい as: \"You can think of it as...\". It's like a shorter\nform of 〜てもいい.\n\nYour given sentence would be something like:\n\n```\n\n \"You can think of that surface as being molded/formed from hardened skin.\" \n \n```",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T21:55:29.537",
"id": "69087",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T07:37:38.377",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-26T07:37:38.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "34473",
"owner_user_id": "34473",
"parent_id": "69083",
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69083
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69087
|
69087
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69094",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "柔術 is often rendered in English-speaking countries (and France, Germany, and\nBrazil) as \"jiu-jitsu\" or \"ju-jitsu\", even though the actual Hepburn\nromanization is \"jūjutsu\".\n\n[Wiktionary's page on 柔術](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E8%A1%93)\nwrites:\n\n> 柔術 ( _hiragana_ じゅうじゅつ, _rōmaji_ jūjutsu, _historical hiragana_ じうじゆつ)\n\nThe historical hiragana here explains how we get the \"jiu\" in \"jiu-jitsu\", but\nthen shouldn't it be jiuj **iu** tsu, not jiuj **i** tsu? Does rendering it as\n\"jitsu\" have any basis in historical Japanese pronunciation or orthography, or\nis it a corruption by speakers of European languages?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T19:51:33.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69084",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-07-21T10:04:45.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "26860",
"owner_user_id": "23879",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonology",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "Was 術 (as in 柔術) ever pronounced jitsu?",
"view_count": 888
}
|
[
{
"body": "### The history of the character's readings\n\nLet's look at the historical and reconstructed pronunciations of 術:\n\n[Old Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Chinese) reconstruction:\n\n * **//*Cə-lut//** \n[Baxter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Baxter)-[Sagart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Sagart)\nreconstruction\n\n * **//*ɦljud//** \n[Zhengzhang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhengzhang_Shangfang)\nreconstruction\n\n[Middle Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Chinese) reconstruction,\nthe hypothesized source of modern Chinese dialectal readings, and Japanese and\nKorean borrowed readings:\n\n * **//ʑiuɪt̚//***\n\nModern [Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language)\n[dialects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese):\n\n * **shù** \n[Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese)\n\n * **seot 6** \n[Cantonese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese)\n\n * **sṳ̆** \n[Min Bei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_Bei)\n\n * **su̍t** \n[Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien) [Min\nNan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_Nan)\n\n * **sug 8** \n[Teochew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teochew_dialect) [Min\nNan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_Nan)\n\n[Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language):\n\n * **술** **//sul//**\n\n[Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_language):\n\n * **じゅつ** **//d͡ʑut͡su//** \nThe [_goon_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go-on) (the older reading)\n\n * **ずち** **//zut͡ɕi//** \nAlternative _goon_ reading (very rare, I don't think I've ever encountered it)\n\n * **しゅつ** **//ɕut͡su//** \nThe [_kan'on_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan-on) (a slightly more recent\nborrowing)\n\nAlmost all of these are centered on a core vowel value of roughly //u//. Even\nthe outlier Cantonese has an //o//, a back-of-the-mouth sound not too far from\n//u//.\n\n### Phonology, and some of what happens when words are borrowed\n\nIn the modern English term _jiujitsu_ , we have a long vowel in the first\nsyllable, and a short vowel in the second. The stress is also on the first\nsyllable, leaving the second syllable a bit lax.\n\nUnstressed vowels in English have a tendency to gravitate towards the front of\nthe mouth, often producing actually-spoken vowel values like [[ɪ]] (the short\n\"i\" like in _hit_ ), [[ɛ]] (the short \"e\" sound like in _bed_ ), or [[ə]] (the\nso-called \"schwa\" sound like the \"u\" in _but_ or the initial \"a\" in _about_ ).\nSo a shift in the pronunciation of this unstressed second syllable in\n_jiujitsu_ is not surprising.\n\nThe う in Japanese, meanwhile, has an //u// sound that is more towards the\nfront of the mouth, and less open, than the English //u//. Strictly speaking,\nphonologists sometimes transcribe this as [[ɨ]] or [[ʉ]]. This sound,\nespecially when short, may come across to English-speakers' ears as something\ncloser to that short [[ɪ]] like in _hit_. So that short う sound in the じゅつ of\nじゅうじゅつ, when heard by an English speaker, is predisposed to gravitate towards\na short [[ɪ]], producing the odd _jiujitsu_ or _jujitsu_ spellings we see\ntoday.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T22:59:58.890",
"id": "69088",
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{
"body": "I'm not very familiar with the diffusion process of jujitsu, but the practice\nto read 術 somewhat like じつ exists(ed) in the traditional Tokyo dialect.\n\n[Japanese\nWP](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80) says:\n\n> * 「じゅ」が「じ」、「しゅ」が「し」に転訛する。（例）準備→じんび、美術→びじつ、新宿→しんじく、趣向←→嗜好\n>\n\nThis is a well-known phenomenon: //u// in Eastern dialects is generally\nunrounded, so a weakened //ju// could be indistinguishable or even merged with\n//i//, under the influence of the palatal //j//.\n\nSince the modern standard language is based deeply on the native Tokyo\npronunciation in phonetics, this feature has been near-officially received in\nStandard Japanese. However, along with the decline of \"pure\" Tokyo accent, the\npronunciation has almost faded out even in Greater Tokyo in our generation\n(together with [鼻濁音](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26227/7810) etc). I\nmyself only occasionally hear such accent from senior speakers (≧ 50s?).\n\nI found a document that NHK (the national broadcaster) decided to [abandon a\nrecommendation that tolerated the shift of //ju// to\n//i//](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/kotoba/pdf/20170401_1.pdf)\n(originally defined in 1960).\n\nThus, it is quite possible that those who disseminated _jujitsu_ actually\npronounced the word in that way themselves, and so is it transcribed\nnaturally.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-06-26T04:09:57.227",
"id": "69094",
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{
"body": "# Pronunciation of じゅ\n\nIn Japanese, the \"u\" vowel /ɯ/ has a centralized allophone [ɨ] (sometimes\nwritten [ɯ̈]) when occurring after /z/ and palatalised consonants /Cj/.1 This\nis 'halfway between' the standard Japanese vowels /i/ and /ɯ/ (and close to\nthe English vowel /ɪ/ in e.g. _hit_ ).\n\nHence じゅ is commonly realized as [d͡ʑɨ] (as opposed to [d͡ʑɯᵝ]). It may be\nbecause of this (and the contrast of its shortness with the first 'stronger'\nうう in 柔) that some romanizations of the early 20th century transliterated the\nword as _jitsu_.\n\nAs broccoli forest notes, the Shitamachi dialect fronts [d͡ʑu͍] to [d͡ʑi], and\nin the Tōhoku dialect /i/ and /ɯ/ are neutralized generally.\n\n 1. > One encounters a centralized allophone [ɯ̈] after /s/, /t/, /z/, and after the palatal consonants (C _y_ ), for example in the word _gyuunyuu o_ 'milk' [gjɯ̈:njɯ̈:]. \n> • [_The Phonology of\n> Japanese_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?redir_esc=y&id=ix9r6CbEl6IC&q=Cj#v=onepage&q=centralized),\n> Labrune (p.25)\n\n* * *\n\n# Early romanizations of 柔術\n\nNote that while the\n[Hepburn](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qCowAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA190&dq=\"ju+jutsu\")\nromanization _jujutsu_ was established as early as 1872,2 this was not an\nubiquitous system at the time, and even less so in works printed outside of\nJapan. The earliest English references to jujutsu appear in the Japan Weekly\nMail, where it is spelled _jitsu_ :\n\n> _Jiu jitsu_ (wrestling) is also taught, but not much practised by gentlemen.\n>\n> * [_Japan Weekly\n> Mail_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VyBCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA133&dq=\"jiujitsu\"),\n> \"Fu So Mimi Bukaro: A Budget of Japanese Notes\" (1875)\n>\n\nThis article also contains reference to a number of other Japanese\ndisciplines, all with the same spelling: _Gei jitsu, Ba jitsu, Ken jitsu, Ho\njitsu, San jitsu_.\n\nWhile there was a mix of jutsu/jitsu spellings in the 1880's and 1890's,3 a\nnumber of popular English books on the subject were published around 1900\nwhich used the _jitsu_ spelling:\n\n * _Jiu-Jitsu Combat Tricks_ , H.I. Hancock (1888)\n * [_The Japanese Art of Jiu-Jitsu_](https://archive.org/details/reviewofreviewsw31newy/page/202), H.I. Hancock (1890)\n * [_\"Ju-Jitsu,\"_ The Ancient Art of Self-Defense by Sleight of Body](https://archive.org/details/transactionsand00londgoog/page/n18), T. Shidachi, illustrations by R. Isayama (1892)\n * _The Complete Kano Jiu-Jitsu (Judo)_ , G. P. Putnam & Sons (1905)\n * [_The Game of Ju-jitsu: For the Use of Schools and Colleges_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyoxAQAAMAAJ&q=\"jitsu\"), Taro Miyake, Yukio Tani (1906)\n * [_Jiu Jitsu: The Effective Japanese Mode of Self-defense_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LikxAQAAMAAJ&q=\"jitsu\"&dq=\"jitsu\"), Frederick R. Toombs (1913)\n\nLooking at the [google\nn-grams](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=jujutsu%2Bjiujutsu%2Bju+jutsu%2Bjiu+jutsu%2Cjujitsu%2Bjiujitsu%2Bju+jitsu%2Bjiu+jitsu%2Cjiujiutsu%2Bjujiutsu%2Bjiu+jiutsu%2Bju+jiutsu&case_insensitive=on)\ndata, it appears this is around the time that this orthography began to gain\nwidespread usage outside of Japan:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Y8UAZ.png)\n\n 2. > Jū-jutsu, ジウジユツ, 柔術, _n._ The art of wrestling, or throwing others by sleight. \n> Syn. yawara, jidori, sumōtori. \n> ... \n> Wrestling, _n_. Sumō, jidori, yawara, jūjutsu \n> • [_Japanese-English and English-Japanese Dictionary by J. C.\n> Hepburn_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kDE-\n> AAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA200&dq=\"jujutsu\") (1872)\n\n* * *\n\n# \"jiutsu\"\n\nAs you speculate, before the widespread adoption of Hepburn the expected form\n_jiu_ was indeed occasionally used:\n\n> Chin-jiutsu-sho.......... 陳 述 書\n>\n> [_The\n> Chrysanthemum_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rbcRAAAAYAAJ&q=\"jiutsu\"),\n> Volume 1 (1881)\n\n> | Jiutsu-gawa, 76, 491.\n>\n> * [_Japan: Travels and Researches Undertaken at the Cost of the Prussian\n> Government_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OxYlAQAAIAAJ&q=\"jiutsu\"),\n> (1884)\n>\n\n> ... the Japanese wrestling game of **jiu—jiutsu** , which physically\n> demonstrates that if you yield at opportune moments you may turn your\n> adversary's force to your own end and advantage.\n>\n> *\n> [_Telephony_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FUmJBTIOFAgC&q=\"jiutsu\"),\n> Volume 8 (1904)\n>\n\n> With the quickness that came of long training in the “ **Jiujiutsu** ”\n> school he ran in under the weapon and knocked out his adversary's wind with\n> his head, catching him round the waist and throwing him heavily backward.\n>\n> * [_The Custom of the Country: Tales of New\n> Japan_](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jHg6AQAAMAAJ&q=\"jiujiutsu\"),\n> Mrs. Hugh Fraser (1902)\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-21T09:49:08.423",
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] |
69084
|
69094
|
69094
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69086",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was thrown for a loop when I found out that, in addition to describing\nevents that are happening currently, the ている-form could also be used as past\ntense:\n\nまだ食べていない。 \nI have not eaten yet.\n\nI now have come up with an idea that might be able to satisfyingly explain the\nfact that one verb form can be used for two different tenses. It all comes\ndown to one attribute of the て-form: The verb in the て-form does not show any\ntense of its own. Instead, its tense seems to be inferred by other verbs and\ncontext.\n\nSo, what if it is not one and the same ている-form that is being used for past\nand present, but actually two forms that differ in the hidden tense of the\nverb in the て-form and thus only appear to be the same?\n\nThe verb 食べる in the example above, then, would actually be past tense, which\nis however not visible because of the て-form superficially overwriting the\ntense of the verb.\n\nIn conclusion: My theory states that when the ている-form is used to describe\ncurrent events happening in the present, the verb in the て-form is in its\npresent tense. Accordingly, when the ている-form is used to describe events of\nthe past, the verb in the て-form is in its past tense. It's just that this is\nnot visible because the て-form does not allow for a display of tense.\n\nNow, to my actual question: Does this way of trying to explain these\ncircumstances hold any water? Are there any flaws with it that I have\noverlooked? Feedback would be greatly appreciated!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T21:00:08.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69085",
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"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"tense"
],
"title": "Possible explanation for the ている-form also being used as past tense?",
"view_count": 460
}
|
[
{
"body": "There are a couple of things going on here, so let's try and tease them apart.\n\n 1. \"I haven't eaten yet\" is not past tense in English. Past tense in English would be \"I didn't eat.\" There is overlap between these ways of expressing a state, both in Japanese and English, but they're not the same.\n\n 2. In both English and Japanese--and probably in many other languages that have something like a perfect tense--negative states are more likely than affirmative states to be expressed in the perfect, probably because it's more common to say that something hasn't happened yet (but leave open the possibility that it might!) than to say that something did happen but might \"unhappen.\" (e.g., it's natural in English to say, \"I already ate\" or \"I've already eaten,\" but if you said, \"I didn't eat,\" to mean you're ready for a meal now, that would sound odd.)\n\n 3. So why is it okay to say まだ食べていない in Japanese when we would never say \"I'm still not eating\" to mean \"I haven't eaten yet\" in English? Because te-iru form is not the same as progressive form in English.\n\nTe-iru form is linguistically a _durative marker,_ meaning an action or state\nstarted in the past (before the time of utterance) and continues through the\ntime of utterance. Depending on the context and the type of verb, the same\nform can be used to show a continuing state (電気を消している）, a progressive action\n(今泳いでいます) or a habitual action (毎日運動している）. (Hat tip to my friend Rie\nTsujihara, who did graduate research on this topic.)\n\nIn this case, 食べていない is showing a continuing negative state: at some point I\nentered the state of having not eaten, and I remain in that state.\n\nDon't try to map this to English usage. It's unlikely to help you learn the\nusage patterns, because it's so different!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-06-25T21:19:08.840",
"id": "69086",
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"score": 8
}
] |
69085
|
69086
|
69086
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69090",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As I understand 道 [michi] means any road or street, where people can walk and\ncars may drive.\n\nBut when we mean that part of road which was build to be used only by people\nto walk: sidewalk, pavement, footpath\n\n1) Which word is better to use 歩道 [hodo:] vs 舗装 [hoso:]? \nAre they full synonyms or they have some tiny difference in meaning?\n\n2) Is there on SE question+answer like this [What is the difference between 市,\n都市, 都会 and 市街](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/48973/) but on\nroad/way/track/street/sidewak/boulevard/avenue/highway topic. Like a set of\nwords with differeneces at meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-25T23:52:13.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69089",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T00:33:13.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "歩道 vs 舗装 when meant part of road for people to walk (sidewalk, pavement, footpath)",
"view_count": 160
}
|
[
{
"body": "歩道 is a path made for walking. A sidewalk or foot path.\n\n舗装 does not mean a path made for walking. It is the surface of a road. In the\nform 舗装する it can be a verb that means to pave a road.\n\nPerhaps the confusion is coming from the fact that 舗装 can be translated into\nEnglish as \"pavement,\" and in British English \"pavement\" can mean \"a path made\nfor walking.\" But that is not the meaning of pavement that is intended here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T00:23:57.590",
"id": "69090",
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"owner_user_id": "20479",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
69089
|
69090
|
69090
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69096",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 私は今20代後半ですがとても子供っぽく落ち着きがありません。（夢中になると特に） **いい歳したオッサンが自分と正面から**\n> 向き合ってくれた人と本当の意味で向き合って話が出来ないという現実に絶望しました。\n\nSource: <https://komachi.yomiuri.co.jp/t/2019/0624/903959.htm?g=04>\n\nDoes 「いい歳したオッサン」mean he's referring to himself as 'this old man', or is he\ntalking about his own father or just some random middle aged dude ?\n\n> いい歳したオッサンが自分と正面から向き合ってくれた人と本当の意味で向き合って話が出来ないという現実に絶望しました。\n\nI understand this sentence as:\n\nI came to a depressing realization that I cannot have a real, honest talk with\nsomeone who goes out with me based on my outer face (public face) according to\nsome old man\n\nAm I understanding this correctly ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T03:27:02.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69093",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T07:09:34.587",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18021",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does this sentence containing 「いい歳したオッサンが」 mean?",
"view_count": 365
}
|
[
{
"body": "I agree with you that this sentence is a bit hard to follow, but the only\nreasonable reading is that this オッサン refers to himself. The sentence contains\na few nuanced words:\n\n * いい歳（年）: a fixed phrase that can be understood \"an age that is old enough\", but you can take that the whole wording 「いい年して」 corresponds to \"despite one's age\" (see [What is the meaning of the phrase いい年こいて?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21047/7810)).\n * オッサン（おっさん）: literally this word means a man who is around as old as an \"uncle to a kid\", but especially as a recent slang it roughly means a guy who is no longer in his youth. On the Internet people began to say 30越えたらおっさん \"you're おっさん after age 30\" since a little while ago, so this is the vibe this word carries.\n * 向き合う: literally \"face\" but often specifically means to engage seriously, sincerely with a thing or person (= soul, personality etc.)\n\nSo, I think what the sentence means would be like:\n\n> I came to a depressing realization that I'm not mature enough at my age to\n> be able to really do the same for someone who did try to understand me\n> honestly as a person while talking with her.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T07:04:19.133",
"id": "69096",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-06-26T07:09:34.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
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"parent_id": "69093",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69093
|
69096
|
69096
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 外国人に質問を聞かれたが、答えられなかった。\n\nCan anybody analyze the grammatical structure of this sentence? Is this an\nindirect passive sentence? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T05:51:26.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69095",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T15:50:40.967",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-26T15:50:40.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "34447",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Direct or indirect passive form?",
"view_count": 616
}
|
[
{
"body": "> **外国人に質問を聞かれた** が、答えられなかった。\n\nI interpret the sentence as \"I was asked a question by a foreigner but\ncouldn't answer\" (に in 外国人 **に** marks 動作主/agent of 聞く), and I don't think\nit's Indirect Passive Structure (間接受身構文), because...\n\n> Active: 「外国人が私 **に** 質問 **を** 聞いた」 \n> (「質問をした」 sounds more natural to me, though)\n\nhas two objects (i.e. direct object 「質問」 and indirect object 「私」), so it can\nbe transformed to two ordinary/direct passive (直接受身) sentences:\n\n> → Direct Passive 1: 「質問が外国人によって私に聞かれた」 \n> (直接目的語「質問」を主語にする場合) \n> → Direct Passive 2: 「私が **外国人に質問を聞かれた** 」 \n> (間接目的語「私」を主語にする場合)\n\n* * *\n\nCompare:\n\n> Indirect Passive: 太郎が泥棒に財布を盗まれた \n> × 泥棒が太郎に財布を盗んだ \n> Indirect Passive: 太郎が二階の人に朝までピアノを弾かれた \n> × 二階の人が太郎に朝までピアノを弾いた \n> Indirect Passive: 太郎が妻に死なれた \n> × 妻が太郎に死んだ",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T12:47:52.697",
"id": "69098",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T14:45:47.097",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-26T14:45:47.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "69095",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
69095
| null |
69098
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've been looking around for this, but all I can find is pretty basic stuff\nabout desu. I've studied Japanese, but writing texts in Japanese still stumps\nme sometimes. Right now I'm wondering about the use of desu, as in this case:\n\n> 「仕事場での高い生産性と楽しい1日は、使い心地が 良い道具を揃えることから。」というのは姉妹の口ぐせ。\n> 機能的でかつインスピレーションあふれるワークプレイスを一緒に作ってみませんか。アンナのフェミニンでシンプルなデザインが、上品な印象を与えるコレクションの登場です.\n\nThe text is from a product page, which can be found here:\n<https://sostrenegrene.com/ja/campaigns/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%81%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB/>\n\nHow do I know I can leave desu off the end of a sentence and still make it\nsound proper. Why is 'というのは姉妹の口ぐせ' without desu, but 'コレクションの登場です' is with\ndesu? Is there a set of rules for this?\n\nAs of now, I've written texts filled with 'masu' and 'desu' at the end of all\nsentences, and it sounds a bit rigid. How do I write a more natural sounding\ntext?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T14:09:02.483",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69100",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T06:51:59.663",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-26T21:09:07.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "34473",
"owner_user_id": "34478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"syntax"
],
"title": "When is it okay to not use desu?",
"view_count": 456
}
|
[] |
69100
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69117",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am setting up a Japanese language profile in LinkedIn. I am a Nuclear\nEngineer, but am unsure exactly how that profession is worded in japanese. The\ntwo options that seem most appropriate are: 原発の技師 and 原子力の技師 I know I can also\nuse katakana to mimic the English words. Which of thise is appropriate?\n\nTo include my company would it be: \"[Company] で 原発の技師\"\n\nI would appreciate help fixing up these two issues. Thank you in advance for\nyour assistance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T19:14:42.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69104",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T00:53:19.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particles"
],
"title": "Professional Titles for Engineer",
"view_count": 255
}
|
[
{
"body": "Did a quick concordance search on google and came up with ~420k hits for\n原子力技術者 and ~25k for 原発技術者. The former also pulled up hits on job websites, so\nI'd go with that for your LinkedIn.\n\nYou have a couple options for how to say where you work. You can say\n[Company]の原子力技術者, but I've also seen [occupation]@[Company] a lot of social\nmedia like Twitter.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T20:07:21.253",
"id": "69107",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T20:07:21.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18701",
"parent_id": "69104",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It depends on what you actually do.\n\n * 原発 (short for 原子力発電所) refers only to a nuclear power plant. If your specialty is to design or install a large machine to generate electricity, 原子力発電技術者 makes sense.\n * 原子力 is nuclear power. If your job is related only to producing energy (power plant, atomic battery, etc), you can use 原子力技術者.\n * If your specialty is more generic and related also to nuclear medicine, cyclotrons, etc., then 核技術者 or 核工学者 should be better.\n\nAlso note that, since Japan has experienced several tragic episodes related to\nnuclear physics, both 核 and 原子力 often has a bad image among laypeople. You may\nwant to consider something like 量子工学者 instead.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T00:53:19.897",
"id": "69117",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T00:53:19.897",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69104",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69104
|
69117
|
69117
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69116",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have the following sentence on my Japanese LinkedIn page:\n\n私 の 目的 は 主導 と 代表的 な 執行 と 技術革新 通じて 例外的 な 質 を 生むて います。 It is meant to mirror my\nEnglish mission statement: \"My mission is to deliver exceptional value through\nleadership, outstanding performance, and innovation.\"\n\nMy question is, should 私の be omitted?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T20:22:29.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69108",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T11:27:25.303",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-26T21:56:24.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"sentence",
"ellipsis",
"first-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "Should 私の be omitted?",
"view_count": 1612
}
|
[
{
"body": "Since this is a formal statement, it's better to keep 私の. But people can\nunderstand the sentence without it because they know it's _your_ profile.\n\nWhat's worse about your sentence is that your sentence has a number of bad\nword choices and grammatical errors.\n\n * 生むています is always ungrammatical. The te-form of 生む is 生んで.\n * There is a subject-predicate mismatch. 私の目的は生んでいます is \"My mission is (in the process of) producing something\" rather than \"My mission is to produce something\". You have to nominalize 生む.\n * 主導 refers to an act of leading, but it does not refer to an ability to take a lead role.\n * 代表的な執行 sounds like \"representative execution\" rather than \"outstanding performance\".\n * 例外的な does not have a positive connotation like that of \"exceptional\". 例外的な質 sounds like \"peculiar quality\" rather than \"exceptional value\".\n * 通じて needs a particle を.\n * ( **EDIT** ) This is a relatively minor problem, but consider using 目標 instead of 目的. The former refers to a long-term mission/goal, whereas the latter is closer to \"purpose\".\n\nA corrected version is something like:\n\n> 私の目標はリーダーシップ、高いパフォーマンス、イノベーションを通じて卓越した価値を生み出すことです。\n\nOr if you don't like katakana loanwords, an alternative free translation would\nbe:\n\n> 私の目標は、指導力・実行力・革新力を通じて卓越した価値を生み出すことです。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T00:26:38.670",
"id": "69116",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T11:27:25.303",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-27T11:27:25.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69108",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 23
}
] |
69108
|
69116
|
69116
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69127",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 東京は今雨が降っている。\n\n**literally:** Tokyo now rain is falling.\n\nQuestion: why Tokyo is [wa]-ed but not [ni]-ed? \nIs it allowed to say the same idea in English manner like this?\n\n> 東京に今雨は降っている。 \n> 東京では今雨は降っている。\n\n**literally:** In Tokyo now rain is falling.\n\nOr maybe rain always must be with [ga] and never with [wa]?\n\nTo my mind I thought that what is marked as [wa] is the acting object of the\nverb at the end of sentence. If here verb is [to fall], then to my mind\n[wa]-ed Tokyo must be falling.\n\nOr maybe the key to this situation is that the real verb here is not 降る, but\nmaybe the real verb in this sentence is 雨が降る? And therefore 雨が never should be\nseparated from 降る and they should stand always together like \"husband and\nwife\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T21:00:57.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69109",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T07:53:22.847",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-27T03:38:14.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "34165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-は",
"phrases",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Rain in the city",
"view_count": 284
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Or maybe rain always must be with [ga] and never with [wa]?\n\nIf you want to simply say \"it's raining\", you have to use が. But you can use\n雨は in the following situations:\n\n * You really want a contrastive meaning, e.g. 雨は降っているが雪は降っていない.\n * You refer to a certain rainfall episode that has been already brought into the universe of discourse, e.g., 雨は止んでいます (\" _The_ rain has stopped\").\n\nFrom here, let's just use が and compare these sentences:\n\n 1. 東京 **は** 雨が降っている。\n 2. 東京 **に** 雨が降っている。\n 3. 東京 **には** 雨が降っている。\n 4. 東京 **で** 雨が降っている。\n 5. 東京 **では** 雨が降っている。\n\nThere sentences are all correct. The _subject_ is 雨, not 東京. 東京 is a _topic_\nwhen there is は (1, 3, 5). Here, I think に is a direction/destination marker\nrather than a location marker which can be used with いる/ある/etc (i.e., rain is\nfalling _towards_ the land of Tokyo). で is a location marker that marks the\nplace where an action takes place. は is a topic marker, which can [directly\nfollow に, で, から, etc](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/17574/5010).\n\nには can often be \"contracted\" to は. For example you can say both 誕生日はパーティをします,\n誕生日にはパーティーをします and 誕生日にパーティーをします, but when there is は, 誕生日 is topicalized.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [What is the difference between \"に\" and \"には\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1096/5010)\n * [What's the difference between には and では](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9391/5010)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T01:26:04.433",
"id": "69119",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T01:40:15.210",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-27T01:40:15.210",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69109",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "While I'm not able to pin down your focus in the question, I guess you're\nhaving trouble understanding the function of は, in grammar and in mental\nmodel. You may have already heard about that は marks _topic_ , which is not on\nthe same level with _subject_ , _verb_ (predicate), or _object_. What does it\nactually mean?\n\nThink of a theater, where actors play as they like on the stage. Interactions\nbetween actors can be described as sentences using grammatical relations like\n_subject_ and _object_. When you say English sentences require a _subject_ ,\nit means that you can't make a sentence until you mention at least one actor.\nBy the way, actors can't perform in the middle of nothing. They can't fight in\nthe void like gods before the world creation. There have to be an implicit\nscene, a backdrop, a stage. A Japanese sentence requires a _topic_ , that\nmeans, you must set up a scenery before you talk about who did what. What\nbecomes _topic_ is marked by は.\n\nOf course, は is not always detached from actors. You can take out one of them\nand put the one as a background, like a king on the throne in the middle of\nthe stage but does nothing, just signifying they're in the palace now. That\nmakes an element is a topic and a participant at the same time. Such things\nare marked by appropriate particle + は: には, では, とは, からは etc. Note that が (≈\nsubject) and を (≈ object) are eaten by は, so when you see a bare は, you must\nsuspect three possibilities: が + は, を + は, and the isolate は.\n\nSo,\n\n> _**literally:** Tokyo now rain is falling._\n\nNo, it's like \"Tokyo **:** now rain is falling.\"\n\n> 東京に今雨は降っている。\n\nThis is a grammatical sentence but not the most natural one. に used in this\nmanner is archaic or poetic, not in the regular language. は put in the middle\nof sentence could have various special connotations, such as saying \"not\nsnowing but raining\" or \"raining it is\".\n\n> 東京では今雨は降っている。\n\nThe default interpretation of this sentence is, I guess, \"It is indeed raining\nin Tokyo\".\n\nIf I'd like to tell the meaning in the English-compatible way, I'd say:\n\n> 東京では今雨が降っている。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T07:53:22.847",
"id": "69127",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T07:53:22.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "69109",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69109
|
69127
|
69119
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69111",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to state a goal to produce something, such as: 目的 は 成果 を 生むて います。\nIs this the proper conjugation to indicate I plan to do this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T21:06:02.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69110",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T21:25:37.310",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Proper conjugation of 生む",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[
{
"body": "The verb 生{う}む, which means \"to birth, or to produce\" conjugates as such, when\nlinking to います:\n\n> 目的は成果を **生｛う｝んで** います。\n\nHowever, be aware that the -ています style of conjugation refers to an action in\nprogress, which may not be what you want to express.\n\nFor stating your goal, you could use ことです instead, like so:\n\n> 目的は成果を生む **ことです** 。\n\nThat being said, this could be a very \"simple\" way of expressing this. I\ndefinitely suggest you look around to see how best to word this kind of phrase\nin Japanese for a business context, if that's your end goal.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T21:25:37.310",
"id": "69111",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-26T21:25:37.310",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "69110",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69110
|
69111
|
69111
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69118",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> このアカウントをフォローして、写真や動画をチェックしよう。\n\nWhy was しよう used instead of して？\n\nI was thinking して because it appears to be a request.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T22:21:28.123",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69112",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T01:08:10.593",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-26T22:29:01.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "33900",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Why is the volitional form used here?",
"view_count": 94
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think the translation, plainly and without any other context, is:\n\n> このアカウントをフォローして、写真や動画をチェックしよう。\n>\n> Let’s follow this account and (then) check the photos and videos.\n\nThe volitional form used on its own has the meaning of “let’s”, and applies to\nthe whole phrase. The earlier して is acting connectively.\n\nして mid-sentence cannot, to my knowledge, be used as a contraction for してください,\nbecause the (much) more common use of して is the connective form.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T01:02:54.687",
"id": "69118",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T01:08:10.593",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "69112",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69112
|
69118
|
69118
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am looking for statistics (raw data) on the most common readings for kanji\nused in names (family name or first name) and the most common gender for a\nname. Existing dictionaries tend to just spit out all possible readings for a\nname even when only 1 or 2 are likely; I'd like to improve that.\n\nThere are loads of websites that offer this on a per-lookup basis, e.g.\n<https://namegen.jp/yomikata> - so the raw data must be out there. I checked\nCensus data but could not find it. I googled for research papers and visited\nwebsites. <http://www.myj7000.jp-biz.net/1000/0100f.htm> looked promising, but\nis broken? Or I can't figure out how to use it.\n\nI have searched for combinations like 名字調査 統計 データ etc. but to no avail. Would\nreally appreciate any help.\n\nI also considered crawling wikipedia, which would work (if I can figure out\nhow to remove fictional characters) but won't be as granular or accurate as\nthe data these other sites are using.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-26T22:25:02.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69113",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T07:16:09.923",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-28T07:16:09.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "5262",
"owner_user_id": "5262",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"names",
"gender",
"statistics"
],
"title": "Statistics on common readings for Japanese names",
"view_count": 209
}
|
[
{
"body": "The website you gave gives stats:\n\nexample for 雅\n\n<https://namegen.jp/yomikata?name=%E9%9B%85>\n\nThis looks like exactly what you want",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T00:17:38.767",
"id": "69115",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T00:17:38.767",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1805",
"parent_id": "69113",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69113
| null |
69115
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This one often used with emojis/sticker while chatting online. Till now, I\nhaven't seen it's use in spoken language. It seems to be slang. Is there any\nindirect meaning other than English equivalent?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T04:07:19.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69120",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T04:56:11.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11870",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "what does ゴゴゴ.. means?",
"view_count": 3826
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's an onomatopoeiac phrase, that's meant to convey a menacing aura (like a\nthudding background noise).\n\nIt gained particular prominance in the manga \"Jojo's Bizarre Adventure\" where\nit was possibly the most common sound effect. Since then, it's become a meme\nto use the sound effect in a font similar to the one in Jojo's to make people\nappear more menacing.\n\n(So yes, it is a Jojo reference.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T04:48:53.830",
"id": "69121",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T04:48:53.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16022",
"parent_id": "69120",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69120
| null |
69121
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So I'm cramming for the N1 test next week and doing grammar exercises in the\n日本語パワードリル book. I come across the following question and felt fairly confident\nin my answer:\n\n> 友人に真実を_________ 悩んでいる。\n>\n> １ 告げようか告げまいか ２ 告げようと告げまいと ３ 告げようが告げまいが ４ 告げようとどうしようと\n\nTwo answers, ２ and 4, I discounted immediately. I remembered the ようが・まいが\ngrammar as meaning \"whether or not\", so went for that. With the English\nmeaning \"I am worrying whether or not to tell my friend the truth\".\n\nHowever the answer is ようか・まいか. Both have the simplistic English meaning as\nbeing \"whether or not\", so I am wondering what is the nuance that I am missing\nout on?\n\nIs it to do with the 悩んでいる part? Is ようが・まいが more of a \"regardless of whether A\nor B\" and ようか・まいか is more of a \"debating whether to A or B\"? Is the latter\nalways used when you're thinking/wondering/worrying etc?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T06:27:13.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69123",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-06-27T07:02:48.537",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "Difference between ようか・まいか and ようが・まいが",
"view_count": 560
}
|
[
{
"body": "The important difference is that for the よう[が/と]～まい[が/と] pattern, the thing\nthat follows doesn't depend on the verb. For example if you were to say\n\n> 友人に病気の真実を告げよう[が/と]告げまい[が/と]、病気が治るわけではない。\n\nit would be fine. Telling your friend the truth behind your disease has no\nimpact on if you will recover from the disease or not.\n\nIn contrast, with the ようか～まいか pattern, you are considering to do or to not do\nthe verb. And what follows typically further shows that deliberation with\nsomething such as 悩む. Thus, it's the most appropriate choice here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T18:23:17.743",
"id": "69136",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T18:33:32.393",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-27T18:33:32.393",
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},
{
"body": "> Is ようが・まいが more of a \"regardless of whether A or B\" and ようか・まいか is more of a\n> \"debating whether to A or B\"?\n\nYes!\n\n> Is the latter always used when you're thinking/wondering/worrying etc?\n\nYes. \nThe former doesn't mean \"(I'm thinking/wondering/worrying) whether or not.\"\n\nI agree with the sentence below from [What particles can be used in the ～よう〇\n～まい〇 pattern?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5736/what-\nparticles-can-be-used-in-\nthe-%ef%bd%9e%e3%82%88%e3%81%86%e3%80%87-%ef%bd%9e%e3%81%be%e3%81%84%e3%80%87-pattern)\n\n> …ようか…まいか and …ようが…まいが have different meanings. The fact that they have the\n> same English translation “whether … or not” is a coincidence.\n\nEdited: to make words correspond to the question",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-04-07T15:44:55.363",
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] |
69123
| null |
69136
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I've been reading a book and met a phrase I don't understand. I have\ntranslated it like that:\n\n一時期繁く通った程度のことらしいが、そこに居を定める人間に出会ってみると、懐かしくなったものとみえる。\n\nIt seems to a degree of being there for one hour frequently, but when it comes\nto meeting the human being who lives there, it seems to be nostalgic.\n\nBut what I'm not sure about is the [一時期繁く] part. What exactly frequency is\nthat? Is it translated as \"every one hour\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T07:10:07.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69125",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T07:10:07.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32018",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "The meaning of 一時期繁く",
"view_count": 73
}
|
[] |
69125
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "光が丘 and 梅が丘 are places in Tokyo, and 平和の丘 is a place in Okinawa.\n\nWhy is the particle が used in the first two names? Why isn't の used like in\n平和の丘?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T07:16:28.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69126",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T07:16:28.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "の and が before 丘",
"view_count": 39
}
|
[] |
69126
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Today at my company, I was involved in something, and I was unsure if the\naction we were about to do was safe. Normally in English, I would say\nsomething along the lines of \"Hey, is this safe to do?\". I, however, did not\nknow how to say that in Japanese.\n\nObviously there come different situations where \"is this safe?\" could be used\nthat mean slightly different things:\n\n> Action: [Picking up a heavy fridge by oneself] \"Is this safe [to do]?\"\n>\n> Object: [Pointing at a sketchy looking rope bridge] \"Is this safe [to use]?\"\n\nWhen looking in the dictionary I came across 安全｛あんぜん｝, 硬い｛かたい｝, and\n大丈夫｛だいじょうぶ｝ as options that could possibly work.\n\nThen there is also the option that there is another set phrase that is\ntypically used in this situation to get across the message of \"I think there\nis a possibility this is may cause you/me/us harm, what do you think?\" that is\nunrelated to a word that means \"safe\" in the dictionary.\n\n* * *\n\nI think 安全的 would probably be the form of 安全 that would appear, something\nlike:\n\n> このことが **安全的** だか？\n\nBut to me I've usually seen 安全 to mean safe as \"in accordance with safety\nregulations\" as opposed to generally unharmful.\n\n* * *\n\nI think 硬い could be used in the _Object_ scenario I give since it has a\nmeaning of strong, stiff, sturdy, tough. But I do not think that would apply\nin the _Action_ case I give.\n\n* * *\n\nAnd as for 大丈夫, of course that could work to ask if the general case is\nalright. However, I do not think it conveys the same sense that the speaker\nthinks the reason why it could possibly _not_ be alright is because it is\nunsafe.\n\n* * *\n\n**Specific Question:**\n\n 1. Is there are phrase/word that is **commonly** used in Japanese, where one would typically say \"Is this safe?\" when speaking English?\n\n 2. If yes, is it the same phrase fr both scenarios I laid out above?\n\n 3. Finally, do(es) the phrase(s) specifically convey that the action/object could lead to physical harm, or is that implied based on the context?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T08:39:45.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69128",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34051",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "\"Safe\" as an adjective?",
"view_count": 684
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"Safe\" as an adjective is 安全だ, which is a na-adjective. \"Is this safe to do?\"\nis usually translated as \"～しても大丈夫ですか?', \"～しても安全ですか?\" is less common. We rarely\nsay 安全的, and 硬い as the meaning of a word \"safe\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T16:45:32.890",
"id": "69135",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "If you emphasize the \"commonly\" I think やばい would be good, when slightly\ncolloquially referring to \"unsafe\". (I.e. meaning is opposite of safe)\nHowever, it is also used when referring to something illegal and/or morally\nwrong. Especially as a foreigner it may be better to be clear and, when\nthinking something is risky, not ask \"is this safe?\" but rather \"are you sure\nthis isn't dangerous?\"\n\nErgonomics is not yet a very big hit in Japan (but getting more attention), so\nit would not work with the fridge, though, but would be OK for many other\npotentially dangerous working proceducers, and would also be OK with the rope\nbridge.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T15:06:06.210",
"id": "69156",
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"score": -1
}
] |
69128
| null |
69135
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both までもない and には及ばない bear the meaning of \"there is no need to do something\".\nI know that には及ばない can also means \"not reaching a certain level\", but besides\nthis case their meaning really seems to be really similar. Can somebody help\nme to understand the difference in usage? Thanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T15:11:10.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69131",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-28T09:01:20.140",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between には及ばない and までもない？",
"view_count": 188
}
|
[
{
"body": "Just from my own experience,\n\n[までもない〕can be roughly translated to **inessential** or **不必要**.\n\n> 1. そのことについてなら、いまさら話し合う **までもない**\n>\n\nIt can be used this way to show that there is **no necessity** to talk about\nan already known fact or an event already deemed fix.\n\n[ には及ばない] Can be used 2 ways.\n\n 1. As a **comparison** between two subjects A and B.\n\n> 数学で言えば、私(A)は彼(B)に **及ばない**.\n\n 2. Can also stand for **inessentiality** but more specifically, **rejection** against another person's idea or intent.\n\n> 帰り道は分かっていますので、心配には **及びません**.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-06-28T08:08:03.723",
"id": "69148",
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] |
69131
| null |
69148
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69133",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "i understand that there is little standardization for the use of knots in\nJapanese, many incurring folk names. Even in English most knots have several\ndifferent names, though there are monumental efforts to standardize them (such\nas Ashley's Book of knots).\n\nFor a translation project I'm trying to find the appropriate term in Japanese\nfor this knot commonly used in tying ones shoes, or in this particular case\nthe knot used in tying the fastening strings on the inside of kimono and\nmartial arts training uniforms.\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T15:20:40.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69132",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T15:34:05.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34491",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese",
"jargon"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese name for the conventional shoelace knot?",
"view_count": 614
}
|
[
{
"body": "It looks to me like [蝶結]{ちょうむす}び. \nWe also call it [蝶々結]{ちょうちょうむす}び, or more casually ちょうちょ[結]{むす}び.\n\n[蝶]{ちょう}, or [蝶々]{ちょうちょう}, ちょうちょ means \"butterfly\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T15:28:38.767",
"id": "69133",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "69132",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
69132
|
69133
|
69133
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I know the grammatical form ない+までも that means \"not until that degree, but\",\nhowever I'm not sure how to translate とはいかないまでも in English. I found this\nexpression in the following sentence:\"明日ハイキングだ。快晴とはいかないまでも、雨は降らないで欲しい\". I\ntranslated it roughly as :\"tomorrow we got to hike. I don't hope it's a clear\nday, but that it doesn't (arrive to the point that) rain\". Was I close?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T15:31:37.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69134",
"last_activity_date": "2021-06-15T13:03:20.287",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of とはいかないまでも?",
"view_count": 309
}
|
[
{
"body": "I am a new contributor. Have you already got a good answer to this question? I\nam not good at writing English, but I have tried to translate it into English.\n\n * 快晴とはいかないまでも、雨は降らないで欲しい。\n * I do hope that it will not be rainy, not to say perfectly sunny.\n\nDoes this English sound good or correct to you?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-04-16T11:35:09.360",
"id": "86166",
"last_activity_date": "2021-04-16T11:35:09.360",
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{
"body": "Same use as \"Just\":\n\n * 「明日ハイキングだ。快晴とはいかないまでも、雨は降らないで欲しい」\n\n * \"Tomorrow is hiking. It doesn't need to be sunny, I just don't want it to rain.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-04-16T13:33:58.050",
"id": "86167",
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"body": "So, my take is\n\n * I am going to picnic Tomorrow and I don't mean it's going to be a very sunny day, but at least it will not rain.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-04-16T13:58:20.723",
"id": "86168",
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69134
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86166
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{
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"body": "This may be a bad question, since it's not very specific and I am very long\nwinded.\n\nI've studied Japanese on and off 7 years, though my level is very low and I\nnever had much immersion besides a year of language exchange once a week and 2\nweeks of travel.\n\nI find I have a lot of trouble getting a true sense of the meaning of words\nwhich become the elements of enormous numbers of grammatical phrases. Even if\nI believe I know at least some meaning of the words and particles in a phrase,\nI can't intuit the complete meaning. To me it always ends up seeming like\nthese grammatical phrases are more than the sum of their parts.\n\nIn my head the word ところ means place. Because some Pimsleur audiobook drilled\nit into me that I should say わたしのところ、あなたのところ 7 years ago.\n\nBut I know another meaning of ところ。ところで - By the way. I have it memorized, I'm\nnot confused when I hear it.\n\nAnd there's ところから - because of...\n\nにしたところで - even for, also.\n\nIs this a different ところ which is just a homophone? What's the connection? It\nstarts to have a meaning like こと and の.\n\nように can mean like, as, or in order to. Is it the same word, or is it a\nhomophone?\n\nHow can I determine the essential meanings of these important words? I have\nthe Japan Times series of Grammar books, Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced.\nCertain particles and words appear again and again, but I don't have a sense\nfor why in composite they form the meanings that they do. So I find myself\nlost when I come across one I don't know, and surprised when I learn the real\nmeaning of it, and rather than happy I found it, feel very lost. I'm also\nvulnerable to the trap of trying to assign an English word to a Japanese word.\nいつのまにか - before I knew it. None of the parts match the English, but I can't\nunderstand the meaning and context otherwise. I don't know why いつのまにか means\nwhat it does, even though of course I know 何時、間、の、に、か individually in one or\nmore meanings.\n\nTo make this question answerable, I guess I want to know A: are these basic\nelements of Japanese grammar homophones that have nothing to do with each\nother and B: If not is there a good guide for me to not just find an\nindividual meaning of these words in terms of their usage in grammatical\nstructures, but a more holistic approach which tries to explain why and how\nthey combine into this wide set of usages. I was sold on the Japan Times\nGrammar books as a bible of Japanese grammar for learners, and they are good,\nbut I end up with a long list of specific examples and their english\ncounterparts, rather than an explanation that would help me intuit their\nusage, let alone build up those more nuanced and complex meanings myself.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T19:39:03.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69138",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-06-27T19:57:56.050",
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"owner_user_id": "34495",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"learning"
],
"title": "ところ、よう and other words of many uses",
"view_count": 119
}
|
[] |
69138
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the second episode's preview of the Saiki Kusuo anime, Saiki recapped the\npremise(that he has superpowers) and said the following:\n\n> 次々と原作を消化していくつもりだ\n\nAccording to the dictionary, 消化 has the following meanings:\n\n> 消化 しょうか (n,vs,adj-no) digestion; thorough understanding; selling accumulated\n> (excess) products; dealing with a large amount of work; losing one's form\n> and turning into something else; (P)\n\nNone of those meaning make sense to me in this context, so I got confused. I\nassume `次々と原作を` refers to the episodes, but what does `消化していくつもりだ`mean here?\nSaiki intends to watch(digest) all the episodes? Or sell(?) the episodes lol.\nIt probably sounds like a dumb question, but I'd be glad if someone shed some\nlight here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T20:11:17.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69139",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T23:35:13.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9433",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "原作を消化していくつもりだ meaning",
"view_count": 85
}
|
[
{
"body": "原作を消化する normally means \"to consume/finish the (large amount of volumes of the)\noriginal (comic) version\", i.e., \"to read (up)\". It corresponds to \"to deal\nwith a large amount of task\" in the dictionary.\n\nBut if you heard it out of nowhere in a next episode's preview of an anime, I\nthink it's a _metafictional_ joke, like \"we're going to make/show the anime\nversion quickly (so stay tuned)\" or \"our anime version will rapidly follow the\nstory of the comic version!\" Again, the basic underlying meaning is\n\"consuming\" or \"dealing with a large amount of task.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T23:17:29.617",
"id": "69142",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-06-27T23:35:13.357",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69139",
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"score": 3
}
] |
69139
| null |
69142
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69145",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "girl X who the MC has never met before, suddenly appears and says that she is\nhe MC's fiance\n\n> 俺だって、興味がない訳じゃない。\n>\n> 会ったこともない人との絆があるって言われても正直ピンとこないし、 **あまり気持ちのいいものではない。**\n>\n> それに、もし、Xと俺が許嫁となる運命であるのならば……こんな綺麗な女の子とケッコンかぁ……。それもいいかもしれない。\n\nin this section the speaker is not entirely opposed to this situation in the\n1st statement and quite positive in 3rd.\n\nWhat i have trouble with is the \"あまり気持ちのいいものではない\"/\"I'm really not alright with\nthis\" statement followed by \"それに、もし、this would be pretty nice since she's so\nbeautiful\" .\n\nLogically it would make much more sense if \"あまり気持ちのいいものではない\" was a positive\nstatement for \"それに、もし、Xと俺...\" to add on to.\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-27T22:27:25.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69141",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T01:23:12.610",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "あまり気持ちのいいものではない in this context",
"view_count": 192
}
|
[
{
"body": "あまり気持ちのいいものではない means something negative, \"It's not very pleasing\". それに indeed\nmeans \"on top of that\", \"in addition\", etc. So, as you said, logically\nspeaking, something negative should follow.\n\nBut human emotion is not always logical. Here, he started the sentence with\nそれに to continue something negative, but in the middle of the sentence, at the\npoint of the first `……`, he \"imagined something\", and his logical thinking was\ninterrupted.\n\n> それに、もし、Xと俺が許嫁となる運命であるのならば……こんな綺麗な女の子とケッコンかぁ……。それもいいかもしれない。\n>\n> On top of that, if X and I were destined to marry...... _(um, wait, on\n> second thought....)_ a marriage with a beautiful girl like this? Can it\n> be...good?\n\nIn other words, this apparent lack of logic is how the author expressed the\nconfusion of the protagonist.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T00:33:50.953",
"id": "69145",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T01:23:12.610",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69141",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
69141
|
69145
|
69145
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "is it like a pseudo-intellectual or something else?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T00:06:50.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69143",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T02:13:15.400",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-28T01:11:48.450",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34498",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"loanwords",
"prefixes"
],
"title": "What does エセインテリ mean?",
"view_count": 1392
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes.\n\nエセ = 似非 = pseudo; fake; quack; etc. (似非関西弁、似非医者、似非学問, etc.)\n\nインテリ = intellectual",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T02:13:15.400",
"id": "69146",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T02:13:15.400",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3097",
"parent_id": "69143",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
69143
| null |
69146
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've heard of the terms brush-up, release, stop, etc. When natives write, do\nthey follow this rules? Is it widely known? Would natives know if I did a\nrelease, stop, etc? Is it okay not to use it as long as the character is\nidentical to the original?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T00:27:28.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69144",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T14:16:10.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34113",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Handwriting in Japanese",
"view_count": 199
}
|
[
{
"body": "How accurate your letters are doesn’t matter so much. It is widely known\nbecause there’s 書道(syodou) culture which is about how to write letter nicely.\nJapanese these days don’t care about how your letters look like if your\nletters are not hard to recognize.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T08:48:25.777",
"id": "69149",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T08:48:25.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34500",
"parent_id": "69144",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Short answer:\n\n 1. A well trained eye sees deviations even if we foreigners eyes think \"it is identical\"\n\n 2. Exposing one's hand writing to others is nowadays almost as rare in Japan as it is in many \"Western\" countries\n\nAs to 1: It is funny how our brains work also when interpreting what we see;\nwe see some very subtle differences when we have learned to focus on them,\nwhile we really overlook others.\n\nAs far as I know, a person who has gone through the Japanese school system has\nseen the same characters so often and has has so many repetitive excerices of\nwriting, that he/she is able to notice differences which we with less of that\nexperience can't. (Compare that to \"all the Japanese look alike when seen by\nforeigners\" and \"all the foreigners look alike\" when seen by Japanese)\n\nAs to 2: (Even the use of fax machines in homes, is slowly but surely\ndisappearing even in Japan...). In addition to not exposing one's handwriting,\nand thus not having to interpret the handwriting of the others, also for one's\nown use, the need of it is reducing. But, still, you write the way you have\ngotten used to / been trained. (Not only the Japanese, at least I write O,o\nand 0 counterclockwise because I am used to do that way, and, presumably this\ncomes from school. (And the small alpha (α), while learning that a lot later,\ngoes \"clockwise\" (ie starting from top-right)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T14:16:10.830",
"id": "69152",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T14:16:10.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "69144",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69144
| null |
69152
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Since people often just use someone’s name to say “you” do you always need an\nhonorific?\n\nLike could I just say 「ボブの犬が大好きな！」to say “I love your dog!” to Bob? Or would\nit need be ボブさん?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T09:19:50.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69150",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T16:01:08.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"honorifics",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Is an honorific necessary when using someone’s name to say “you”?",
"view_count": 705
}
|
[
{
"body": "In Japanese, the social norm is to call a person's name with an honorific,\nunless they have expressly asked you not to, even when referencing something\nusing their name. Not using an honorific implies a level of intimacy that\nmight not be there, which could come across as rude.\n\nIn addition, when speaking to someone, unless they have asked you to call them\nby a first name or a nickname, the polite and safe way to address most anyone\nis by using their family name + さん. This is even if you are talking to someone\nabout someone else, as it shows respect for that person. Not using an\nhonorific may lead the other party to think that you and that person have a\nlevel of intimacy which may not be there, and could be confusing and\nmisleading.\n\nSay that you are a man and you meet a woman by the name of 高橋{たかはし}みちこ. Here,\nthe family name is 高橋｛たかはし｝.\n\nIf you meet her in a public context, that is, she is a classmate, a co-worker,\nor just a passerby on the street, to you she should be 高橋{たかはし}さん. The さん here\nhas similar effect to Mr., Ms., or Mrs. would in English, except that there is\nno gender differentiation. You may use さん for men and women alike.\n\nThere are other honorific titles, such as:\n\n> ちゃん (which normally is reserved for little children and is considered\n> \"cute\") \n> くん (which normally is used for younger males, boys, etc.) \n> さま (which usually represents a higher level of respect, such as admiration,\n> for that person)\n\nAs I said before, not using an honorific at all implies a very high level of\nintimacy with that person. Say that you start socializing with 高橋さん. On some\nkaraoke night, she says that you can just call her 高橋, or more likely, she'll\ntell you you can drop the さん when addressing her. It usually means she would\nlike to be more personal, maybe as friends.\n\nOr, say you start dating 高橋さん. After some dates, she says that you can call\nher みちこ, without an honorific. That's a very intimate way to address someone,\nand without having been asked to do so, assumes a lot of closeness.\n\nHowever, if ever you are unsure, begin with the family name + さん and go from\nthere, when addressing people. Most people will respond with their preference,\nbut this is the polite way to address the majority of people.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T16:01:08.890",
"id": "69159",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T16:01:08.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21684",
"parent_id": "69150",
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"score": 2
}
] |
69150
| null |
69159
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can we say, that だ and です are godan verbs with ru-ending, because they are\njust simplyfied versions of である and であります?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T11:55:55.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69151",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T15:15:13.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"terminology",
"godan-verbs",
"ichidan-verbs"
],
"title": "だ and です godan or ichidan",
"view_count": 269
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to goo 辞書 dictionary.goo.ne.jp, だ and です are simply 助動詞 or じょどうし。\n(helping or auxiliary verb)\n\nI like goo 辞書 for the monolingual definitions.\n\nある is 動ラ五 meaning 動詞 (どうし)、ラ行 (ぎょう)、五段 (ごだん)。\n\nTo me, だ and です are not very verb-like.\n\nIt might not be useful to classify them.\n\nI hope this helps!",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T15:15:13.737",
"id": "69157",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T15:15:13.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "69151",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69151
| null |
69157
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Found it here. <https://twitter.com/JINhktr/status/1141306368495742977>\n\n> 酒の飲み方俺が教えとくから勘弁してやって\n\nIs とくから a suffix or for 教え? Is it another word entirely? What does it mean?\n\nI think it means something like \"This is the way I've been taught to drink\nsake, so forgive me.\"?\n\nThe 教えとくから part just confuses me since I haven't seen とく used like this\nbefore.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T14:16:57.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69153",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-23T18:20:52.440",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34044",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"教えとくから\" mean?",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[
{
"body": "The meaning is the same as if there was an \"e\" between \"t\" and \"oku\" i.e.\ninstead of saying 教えておく one says / it sounds and therefore one also writes\n(not the \"correct\" writing, though) おしえとく.\n\nThis construction is not rude, but the omission of \"e\" comes from the\npronunciation (us being too lazy to articulate well).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T14:35:01.863",
"id": "69154",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-23T18:20:52.440",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-23T18:20:52.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "18772",
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "69153",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69153
| null |
69154
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am currently studying for the JLPT N3 exam and I come across the following\nrule that I don't really understand. **んだもん**\n\nAlthough it is not identic, according to [this\nlink](http://jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=mon) **~もん** is\n\n> Used to reply dissatisfaction in very casual speech\n\nWhich kinds of makes a lot of sense according to the following example from\nthe book：\n\n「どうして食べないの」「だって、まずいんだもん」 (日本語総まとめ N3 p.71)\n\n\"Why didn't you eat?\" \"Because it tastes awful.\"\n\nHowever, I don't see how it applies to the following example:\n\n今日の試験、できなかった...。勉強しなかったんだもん、仕方がない。\n\nI didn't do well on the test today. I can't complain because I didn't study\nmuch.\n\nWhat is this rule actually used for and how does it take/make sense?\n\nExtra information and links are welcomed\n\nThank you for your time.\n\nEdit 1: Corrected the mistake mentionned.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T14:57:32.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69155",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T04:03:23.640",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-28T19:05:26.547",
"last_editor_user_id": "34504",
"owner_user_id": "34504",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "What does んだもん mean and is used for?",
"view_count": 6663
}
|
[
{
"body": "If your translation \"I can't complain because I didn't study much.\" was\ncorrect, maybe the か in 勉強し **か** なかった was a typo? If so, the sentence would\nbe natural. Below I assume this was the case:\n\n\"Dissatisfaction\" is a translation that often works, but there is no single\none-to-one translation. In the 勉強 example, the meaning is to emphasize that\n<while possibly regretting not having studied>, admitting that the poor\nsuccess was caused by ones own lack of studying, and that the cause-effect was\nobvious. The もん stresses the obviousness, ie could also be translated as \"what\nelse can you expect if you don't study\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T15:31:08.197",
"id": "69158",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T17:17:09.797",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-28T17:17:09.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "69155",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Although んだ and もん are often used together, it's better to think of them as\ntwo separate grammatical elements.\n\nんだ is a colloquial version of のだ, and this の is known as **explanatory-の**.\n\n * [What is the meaning of ～んです/～のだ/etc?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010)\n * [Wasabi: Explanatory のだ （んだ）](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/explanatory-noda/)\n\nもん is a sentence-end particle that adds the nuance of \"hey!\", \"come on!\",\n\"listen!\", \"you know\", \"I mean it\", etc. Note that this sounds childish. It's\nused like so:\n\n * 見たもん！ (Hey,) I did see it!\n * 行くもん！ (I insist,) I'll go!\n * できるもん！ Come on, I can do it!\n\nPut together, んだもん is used to emphatically describe a reason with emotion,\nlike \"Come on, it's because ～\", \"You know, ...\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T04:03:23.640",
"id": "69174",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T04:03:23.640",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69155",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
69155
| null |
69174
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "① 啓典には「全ての生き物は遅かれ早かれ死に至る。」と **書いてある** 。\n\n② 啓典には「全ての生き物は遅かれ早かれ死に至る。」と **書いている** 。\n\n③ 啓典には「全ての生き物は遅かれ早かれ死に至る。」と **書かれている** 。\n\n④ 啓典には「全ての生き物は遅かれ早かれ死に至る。」と **書かれてある** 。\n\nWhat is the difference between these four and which one is the most neutral\none? I asked this question to a few Japanese people and received mixed\nanswers. Most of them seemed to be in favor of the first one, but someone said\nthat in this particular sentence, ④ is the most appropriate one since the\nmeaning of sentence has a strong vibe; and another person corrected me to use\nthe third option. It's pretty confusing so I'd like to learn the difference\nbetween them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T18:36:13.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69161",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T18:36:13.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27431",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「書いている」vs.「書いてある」vs. 「書かれている」vs. 「書かれてある」",
"view_count": 205
}
|
[] |
69161
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69163",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that nounss are listed with words like と, や, とか, and かつ, adjectives are\nlisted with て-forms or the particle で, and that verbs and clauses are listed\nwith the ます-stem, て-forms, and し. However, I can't find any sources that teach\nhow adverbs are listed.\n\nFor example, how would one say \"slowly and methodically\" or \"fast and\nskillfully\" in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T20:10:22.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69162",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T23:33:15.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33943",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "How are adverbs listed?",
"view_count": 246
}
|
[
{
"body": "The short answer is that you can just stack them. For instance:\n\n> この機械は簡単に素早くドーナツを作ります。\n>\n> This machine will make doughnuts simply and quickly.\n\nThe longer answer is that you can have multiple adverbs in a sentence, but\njust like in English, where you put them changes what it applies to.\nQuantifier adverbs (とても, ちょっと, あまり etc.) are great to demonstrate this. For\ninstance:\n\n> 彼女はとても面白い本をゆっくり読みました。\n>\n> The girl read the **very interesting** book _leisurely_.\n>\n> 彼女は面白い本をとてもゆっくり読みました。\n>\n> The girl read the _interesting_ book **very leisurely**.\n\nIf you are using, say, three adverbs applying to a verb, it might be a bit\nmuch (as it would be in English), but it's fine not to do anything special. It\nmight be helpful to add some 、 to help the reader/pauses to help the listener,\nbut again, it is not necessary.\n\n> この機械は簡単に、素早く、手際よくドーナツを作ります。\n>\n> This machine will make doughnuts simply, quickly, and efficiently.\n\nHowever, you might be better off thinking about if there's emphasis to add in\nthis sort of sentence, by using something like しかも (moreover) to punctuate the\nphrase. Again, this might make the sentence easier to parse for the\nreader/listener.\n\n> この機械は簡単に素早く、しかも手際よくドーナツを作ります。\n>\n> This machine will make doughnuts simply, quickly, and moreover efficiently.\n\nHopefully that helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T21:45:25.153",
"id": "69163",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T23:33:15.327",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "69162",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69162
|
69163
|
69163
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69172",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 太陽を最後に我々は見たのはいつだ?\n\n**literally:** The Sun last time we saw-state when are? \n**meaning:** When did we last time saw the Sun, f**k!?\n\n**context:** it is a sad rhetorical question about bad rainy weather. \nIt is not a question like: give me precise hour and minutes when we saw the\nSun last time. \nThis is a sad statement, that weather is bad and cold is annoying and\neverybody is depressed, and it was raining for so long, that we all even\nforgot when the last time it was a sunny day (means good weather).\n\nMy questions are:\n\n1) As far as [we] here is not about particular group, where everybody knows\neverybody, it is about population of a city or even region. Does it mean that\n[wareware] is more appropriate, than [watashi-tachi]?\n\n2) I'm a noob and still do not have feeling in what order of words it is\nbetter to please Japanese ear. \nSo, question: is the order of parts in this sentence ok from Japanese point of\nnative hearing or it sounds pretty weired? If so, what order of parts is\npreferable for building such a rhetorical question with sadness mood?\n\n3) Imagine if this question is not sad and not rhetorical, but positive and\nprecise with meaning like: tell me exactly when we were seeing the Sun the\nlast time. \nRhetorical question means, that noone expects the answer. \nHearing rhetorical question people just say: yeah, the weather is shit. \nBut active positive question does build expectation of precise answer like: I\nthink that last time I saw the Sun at 13 o'clock. \nSo, do I have to change something in this sentence or it is just a matter of\nintonation?\n\n4) Is making noun from verb 見る => 見たの (past tense + no) and by this turning\ninto [da]/[des] sentence, is this trick weired for Japanese ear? Is this trick\ntoo much? Is this trick too literal or too bookish? Maybe native speaker would\njust use past tense without [no]-ing verb to noun? Or maybe turning verb to\nnoun IS the true Japanese way of saying things like that?\n\n5) Is 最後に [sai-go] _last time_ ok for this case or maybe it sounds unnatural\nfor Japanese ear? If so, what adverb would native Japanese would use in case\nlike this?\n\n6) Is using を in 太陽を is just my European way of thinking and in building the\ntrue Japanese style, I should [wa]-ing the Sun like [太陽は...]?\n\n> 太陽は最後に我々は見たのはいつだ?\n\nIf this is more preferable for Japanese style way of saying, isn't it too much\n[wa] for one sentence? In that case it will be 3 [wa]!! \nDoes it mean, that to avoid 3 [wa] I should [ga]-ing something? \nMaybe [wareware-ga]? \nOr 3 [wa] for one sentence is fine?\n\n7) I saw many examples and most of them start with [wa]. \nDoes it mean, that it is unnatural for Japanese to start with [wo]-ed word? \nIf I use [wo] for the Sun, does it mean that I must put it after all [wa]-ed\nwords in the sentence?\n\n8) I saw many examples and I noticed, that many authors use comma for the\nfirst word and they even omit [wa]!!\n\nFor example\n\n> 雨の日、よく ...\n\n**literally:** Rainy day. Often I read books and watch tv. \n**meaning:** On a rainy day I often read books and watch tv. \n**meaning+:** When it is a rainy day, then I often read books ...\n\nWhen I first saw it, I thought: if comma ok, why do they omit [wa] or [ni]?\n\nWhy do they not using like\n\n> 雨の日に、よく ... (European style) On a rainy day I often ... \n> 雨の日には、よく ... (European + Asian style) On a rainy day, well... I often ... \n> 雨の日は、よく ... (Asian style) Rainy day. [pause] I often ...\n\nSo, my question is what about comma? \nDoes comma so powerful in Japanese language, that it can kill even particles\nand work as super universal particle? \nIf comma is so super powerful is it allowed to use particles before comma? \nAre my [雨の日に、] and [雨の日には、] and [雨の日は、] legal forms? \nOr comma means no particles, and only [雨の日、] is legal?\n\nAnd therefore if I want to use comma for my initial example, what option\nshould I prefer from this list?\n\n> 太陽を、... \n> 太陽をは、... \n> 太陽は、... \n> 太陽、...\n\nTo my feeling of role of Japanese comma I feel, that the last [太陽、...] is more\nJapanese way, isn't it?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T22:42:57.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69164",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T04:08:31.110",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-28T22:49:34.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "34165",
"owner_user_id": "34165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"syntax",
"particle-は",
"word-usage",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Order of sentence's parts in building sad-mooded rhetorical question",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 太陽を最後に我々は見たのはいつだ?\n\nFirst of all, this sentence is incorrect. の is a formal noun and 見た modifies の\nas a relative clause (this construction is also known as a cleft sentence).\nYou basically cannot use は inside a relative clause. The correct sentence is:\n\n> 太陽を最後に我々 **が** 見たのはいつだ? \n> When did we see the sun last time?\n\n* * *\n\n> 1. Does it mean that [wareware] is more appropriate, than [watashi-tachi]?\n>\n\nWhichever works fine, but 我々 sounds stiffer and 私たち sounds politer.\n\n> 2. what order of parts is preferable for building such a rhetorical\n> question with sadness mood?\n>\n\nYou can construct a rhetorical question in the same way you construct an\nordinary question.\n\n> 3. do I have to change something in this sentence or it is just a matter\n> of intonation?\n>\n\nIt's a matter of context and intonation.\n\n> 4. Is making noun from verb 見る => 見たの (past tense + no) and by this\n> turning into [da]/[des] sentence, is this trick weired for Japanese ear? Is\n> this trick too much?\n>\n\nNo, の as a nominalizer is not a \"trick\", and even a three-year-old kid can use\nit. Learn about a [cleft\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010), too.\n\n> 5. Is 最後に [sai-go] last time ok for this case\n>\n\nYes.\n\n> 6. Is using を in 太陽を is just my European way of thinking and in building\n> the true Japanese style, I should [wa]-ing the Sun like [太陽は...]?\n>\n\nBasically, you cannot have more than one topic in a sentence. You already have\nは after の, which means the topic of this sentence is a noun clause,\n太陽を最後に我々が見たの (\"our seeing the sun last time\"). The corresponding comment is\nいつだ.\n\nIt's possible to make only 太陽 the topic, but you have to drastically change\nthe format of the sentence: 太陽は最後にいつ見たのだろう?\n\n> 7. I saw many examples and most of them start with [wa]. Does it mean,\n> that it is unnatural for Japanese to start with [wo]-ed word?\n>\n\nNo. Although relatively less common, you can safely start a sentence with a\nword marked with を.\n\n> 8. many authors use comma for the first word and they even omit [wa]!!\n>\n\nIt's hard to explain what is going on if you cut out a sentence like that.\nNote that 雨の日 can work like an adverb, just like 昨日 and 明日. Even in English,\nyou can start a sentence with \"Last year, ...\" or \"Today, ...\" with a comma\nbut without any preposition. In general, the role of a Japanese comma is not\nas important as an English comma.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T03:26:00.827",
"id": "69172",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T04:08:31.110",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-29T04:08:31.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69164",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69164
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69172
|
69172
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69166",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "There is a famouse movie by James Cameron \"Terminator 2\" \nIn English it is pronounced \"Terminator two\".\n\nIn Wikipedia I found how the name of this movie is written in Japanese\n(katakana, of course) \n［ターミネーター2］\n\nBut I do not know how Japanese pronounce it.\n\n> ta:mine:ta: ni \n> ta:mine:ta: futa \n> ta:mine:ta: futatsu\n\nWhich one is correct?\n\nor maybe deal is pretty crasy and the right answer is?\n\n> ターミネーターチュ \n> ta:mine:ta: tyu",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T23:02:22.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69165",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T23:25:06.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34165",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "［ターミネーター2］ How to pronouce Terminator 2 (name of the movie)",
"view_count": 213
}
|
[
{
"body": "It's タミネーター・ツー (ta:mine:ta: tsu:). For reference, the number in a work of\nfiction's title is generally always pronounced as an approximation of English.\n\nワン\n\nツー\n\nスリー\n\nフォー\n\nファイブ\n\nシックス\n\nセブン\n\nエイト\n\nナイン\n\nand so on.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T23:23:23.533",
"id": "69166",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T23:23:23.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "69165",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "In many loan words with a number, the number is pronounced in the original\nlanguage word mapped to katakana, so \"2\" here is pronounced as ツー (tsu:). Same\napplies to e.g PlayStation: プレイステーションツー, プレイステーションスリー, プレイステーションフォー",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-28T23:25:06.583",
"id": "69167",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-28T23:25:06.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29974",
"parent_id": "69165",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69165
|
69166
|
69166
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69175",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I encountered this sentence in my textbook:\n\n> いつか、日本人政治家の中にも世界で尊敬され、 **名前を知られる**\n> ような人物が現れるようになるには、まず日本国民一人一人の意識を変えるべきなのだろう。\n\nIn all cases of passive form that I learned so far, I only ever seen it used\nwith が\n\nReferring to the answer from this post:\n\n[Why is を used with passive form\nhere?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/28748/why-\nis-%E3%82%92-used-with-passive-form-here)\n\nI understand that を marks the direct object and が marks the indirect object of\nthe verb.\n\nHowever I have trouble understanding the difference in meaning between the two\nparticles when I replace them in a sentence:\n\n> 彼の秘密 **が** 知られる His secret will be known\n>\n> 彼は秘密 **を** 知られる His secret is known (?)\n\nSo can I rephrase 名前を知られるような人物 to 名前が知られるような人物 without a change in meaning?\nWhat is the difference?\n\nUnrelated to my main question, does the ような mean \"like\" in this context?\n名前を知られる **ような** 人物, \"a person like whose name is known\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T00:53:13.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69169",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T04:53:16.557",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27851",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "How is the passive form used with を?",
"view_count": 774
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 彼は秘密を知られる\n\nIt's the so-called 持ち主の受身(Possessor Passive?), a kind of 間接受身(Indirect\nPassive).\n\n> [持ち主]が + [所有する物、体の一部など]を + 受身形の動詞\n\nI think it's usually translated as \"[Possessor] has [property, body part etc.]\ndone\".\n\n> 彼の秘密 **が** 知られる His secret is known \n> 彼 **は/が** 秘密 **を** 知られる He has his secret known (and he's inconvenienced)\n\nThese basically have the same meaning, but the latter can imply that the\npassivized verb causes inconvenience (or convenience, depending on context) to\nthe subject.\n\nA few examples of 持ち主の受身:\n\n> 太郎が誰かに足を踏まれた。 \n> _Lit._ Taro had his foot stepped on by someone (so he was annoyed). \n> 太郎が先生に作文を褒められた。 \n> _Lit._ Taro had his essay praised by a teacher (so he was happy). \n> 太郎が泥棒に財布を盗まれた。 \n> Taro had his wallet stolen by a thief (so he was inconvenienced).\n\n* * *\n\n> can I rephrase 名前を知られるような人物 to 名前が知られるような人物 without a change in meaning?\n> What is the difference?\n\nThey mean the same thing, and I don't see much difference in nuance between\nthe two.\n\n> does the ような mean \"like\" in this context? 名前を知られるような人物, \"a person like whose\n> name is known\"\n\n「名前を知られる人物」「名前を知られるような人物」 basically mean the same thing. The former sounds\nmore direct, and the latter, a tiny bit more indirect or roundabout to me.\nAnd.. it may be just me, but the latter, at least in your specific context,\nsounds to me like \"Someone who _will/can_ be famous (in future)\" as opposed to\n\"Someone who is (already) famous\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T04:09:35.217",
"id": "69175",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-06-29T04:53:16.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "69169",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
69169
|
69175
|
69175
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I would like to understand more about the practical use of the _shūjoshi_.\nな、かしら、かな、の、ぜ、わ、こと were some I found. But I already saw に、は、を being used in the\nsame way. Are they also _shūjoshi_?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T01:58:49.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69170",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-30T19:43:23.603",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-30T19:43:23.603",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "34462",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "Can 「に」, 「は」 and 「を」 be used as 終助詞 (particles at the end of the sentence)?",
"view_count": 97
}
|
[] |
69170
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 日焼け止めを塗っていれば、そんなことにはならなかっただろうに。\n\nWhy did we use には here after こと, what is the meaning? Can anyone explain what\nis the grammar of には and では",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T02:20:23.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69171",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T03:47:58.397",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-29T03:33:59.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "How to use には and では in the sentence",
"view_count": 248
}
|
[
{
"body": "`～ + に + なる` is a basic set phrase that means \"to go ～\", \"to become ～\", \"to\nend up with ～\", \"to turn out to be ～\", etc. This に is roughly an equivalent of\nEnglish \"to\".\n\n * 大学生になる to become a university student\n * 終わりになる to come to an end\n * 元気になる to fee/get better, to recover\n\nこと on its own refers to an event. Here, そんなこと refers to the resulting burnt\nskin, so it can be translated as \"such a result/appearance\". そんなこと is marked\nwith に. は after に is a [topic/contrast marker used in a negative\nclause](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/5010).\n\nTherefore:\n\n> 日焼け止めを塗っていれば、 \n> If you had put sunscreen on,\n>\n> そんなことにはならなかっただろうに。 \n> (I suppose) You wouldn't have ended up with such an appearance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T03:47:58.397",
"id": "69173",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T03:47:58.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69171",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69171
| null |
69173
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Like mentioned in the title, I would like to know if there are any subtle\ndifferences between 「精々」 and 「たかだか」.\n\nAs an example, are all these sentences grammatically correct? Is there any\nchange in nuance?\n\n> 出席者は **せいぜい** ３０人程度だ。 \n> 出席者は **たかだか** ３０人程度だ。 \n> There will be about 30 attendants **at best**.\n>\n> 電車で行っても **たかだか** 一時間ぐらいだ。 \n> 電車で行っても **せいぜい** 一時間ぐらいだ。 \n> If you take the train it should take about one hour **at most**.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T08:25:52.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69177",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T09:14:10.713",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "31624",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Is there any difference between 「精々」 and 「たかだか」?",
"view_count": 100
}
|
[] |
69177
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "You can use 最中（に）as follows:\n\n> NOUN ＋ の ＋ 最中（に）\n>\n> V ている ＋ 最中（に）\n\nWhy can we not use 最中(に) preceded by an adjective? Can anyone provide me with\na grammatical reason for this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T09:46:25.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69178",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-30T19:41:25.017",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "Why can't 最中(に) be preceded by an adjective? (Adj. + 最中(に) )",
"view_count": 118
}
|
[
{
"body": "For example, you can say 信号が赤い間 (\"while the traffic light is red\"), but you\ncannot say ❌信号が赤い最中.\n\nI think this is because 最中 (\"(in) the midst of ～\") is used only with events or\nactions that has a start/end and evolves/progresses over time. The basic role\nof an adjective is to describe a static quality that does not change for some\ntime, so it does not go well with 最中. I think \"in the midst of red(ness)\" does\nnot make much sense in English, either. But you can say something like\n葉がだんだん赤くなる最中, because だんだん赤くなる (\"to turn red gradually\") is an action that\nprogresses over time.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T13:36:50.483",
"id": "69180",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T13:36:50.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69178",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69178
| null |
69180
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I was learning the uses of 場合は from japanesetest4you.com (in the sense \"in the\nevent of\"), and couldn't help but notice that, although it behaves like a\nnoun, its uses with adjectives were not listed. I've seen some examples where\nit is used with い-adjectives on tatoeba.org, so I just wanted to confirm\nnonetheless: is a constructions of the form 熱い場合 (if it is hot) correct? As\nfor な-adjectives, which construction out of 静かな場合 and 静かの場合 (if it is quiet)\nis correct?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T13:06:26.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69179",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-29T13:54:12.297",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-29T13:54:12.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "29335",
"owner_user_id": "29335",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Using 場合 with adjectives",
"view_count": 126
}
|
[] |
69179
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "\"別に死ぬあいつはわけじゃないし\" I want this to convey a sense of denial",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T13:37:39.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69181",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-31T13:15:40.153",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-29T15:09:27.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "34507",
"owner_user_id": "34507",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say:'It's not like he's dying or anything'?",
"view_count": 312
}
|
[
{
"body": "彼は別に死にかけて（い）るわけでもないし or maybe instead of the last し something like でしょう or\nsome more colloquial form.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-30T13:22:35.757",
"id": "69190",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-31T12:14:07.647",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-31T12:14:07.647",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "69181",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I would probably say 「あいつ、\"死にそう／かけてる\"とか、それほど\"ヤバい／ヒドい\"ってわけじゃないでしょう?」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-31T13:15:40.153",
"id": "69799",
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] |
69181
| null |
69190
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69203",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently learned that the construction +かける means to start something, but\nwith an implication that the action was left unfinished:\n\n> ビールを飲みかけたことがあるんだけど、味を全然好きなかった。\n>\n> \"I've had a beer before, but I didn't like its taste at all.\" (かけた here\n> tells us I did not finish the beer.)\n\nBut I've also learned that in certain cases, there is no such implication of\nsomething being left unfinished:\n\n> だんだん、彼の気持ちがわかりかけてきた。\n>\n> \"I have gradually started to understand his feelings.\"\n\n(This example is from maggiesensei.com)\n\nHow can I tell when a sense of incompletion is implied? Not knowing this could\nlead to some confusion and poor translation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T13:52:04.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69182",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-01T11:10:00.557",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29335",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"aspect",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "When is <verb stem>+かける's meaning to start and leave unfinished?",
"view_count": 817
}
|
[
{
"body": "Unfortunately your first example doesn't tell the same meaning as your\nEnglish. You have to say:\n\n> ビールを飲んでみたことがあるんだけど、味が全然好きじゃなかった。\n\nPlainly speaking, ～しかける has only one meaning: aborting before the action\nreaches the \"effective\" stage. What means by \"effective\" is different\naccording to verb (see\n[Aktionsart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_aspect)), and often to each\nsituation i.e. the moment you concern most in the action when you use the\nverb. For example:\n\n> グラスの水を飲みかけて、酒だと気づいた。 \n> _I nearly drank water in the glass when I realized it was sake._ (not\n> mouthed yet)\n>\n> 餅を丸ごと飲みかけて、死ぬかと思った。 \n> _I all but swallowed a whole piece of rice cake; I thought I was going to\n> die._ (already mouthed)\n>\n> 令和になったのに書類に平成と書きかけた。 \n> _I almost wrote \"Heisei\" into the form though it's already Reiwa._ (not put\n> pen yet)\n>\n> 半分まで書きかけた本を完成させたい。 \n> _I want to finish my halfway written book._ (already written a lot)\n\nFrom the second example in your question we can read that the speaker wants to\nfully understand his feeling, and until that the \"understanding\" is\n\"incomplete\". Thus the usage is valid.\n\nOn the other hand, people usually drink beverage to taste it, so it's normally\nunderstood that 飲む is \"complete\" when you take in beer. It's invalid unless\nyou have some complicated context e.g. the speaker wants to poison the target\netc.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-01T10:43:18.240",
"id": "69203",
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69182
|
69203
|
69203
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "暴力に正当な理由があるとすれば、自分や誰かを危険から守るためだけだ。 in this sentence why did we use に particle\nafter 暴力. how does it come here, explain the grammar",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-29T16:37:56.453",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69183",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-30T02:17:56.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Ni particle in complex sentence",
"view_count": 142
}
|
[
{
"body": "That is a complex sentence, but actually, only the first part is relevant.\n\nMaybe the size of the sentence is a little distracting.\n\n> 「暴力に正当な理由がある」\n>\n> 「ぼうりょくにせいとうなりゆうがある」\n>\n> There is a justified reason for the violence.\n\nBasically, に is there because of ある。\n\nI googled 理由がある。\n\n> A book on Amazon...\n>\n> 不愉快なことには理由がある\n>\n> A book defending jazz...\n>\n> すごいジャズには理由（ワケ）がある\n>\n> An page about energy bars...\n>\n> その栄養には、理由がある。\n\nIt's kind of like English.\n\n\"There's a reason to...\" or \"There's a reason in...\"\n\nYou can read more about に and the verbs that like it at [this\nquestion.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2197/%E3%81%AB-\nand-%E3%81%A7-revisited)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-30T02:17:56.613",
"id": "69184",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-30T02:17:56.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "69183",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69183
| null |
69184
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69187",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I ate in a place with 鮎ラーメン. The store employee can't explain it but I think\nit's something to do with the cut of the 鮎. It was butterfly cutted.\n\nFor cutting what would be the kanji for go-to. 毎? 丸毎 shortcut for the\nmarugoto?\n\n",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-30T11:19:03.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69186",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-01T15:54:36.733",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-30T12:23:43.420",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "786",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"word-usage",
"food"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of ゴト in the context of 鮎",
"view_count": 295
}
|
[
{
"body": "丸ごと means \"whole\" and ごと is usually written in _kana_. By \"butterfly\" I guess\nyou mean what would be called 鮎のひらき, which means the fish would be \"cleaned\"\n(gutted) but skin, bones, head, fins, etc. would not be removed.\n\nI guess the store employee was trying to explain to you that you would be\nserved the whole fish, rather than a filet.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-30T12:23:09.617",
"id": "69187",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "You see the word ゴトin the red circle(マル), and it means マルゴトas you understand\nit, as a whole.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-01T15:54:36.733",
"id": "69209",
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] |
69186
|
69187
|
69187
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{
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"body": "Good day folks,\n\nBasically been studying for 3 months already here in Tokyo. Using minna no\nnihongo book in our school. I am just wondering because I stumbled upon\n`もうしこみます` which means `\"to apply\"`.\n\nWhen I was playing with google translate, I wanted to say something like \"I\nwant to apply for your company\", and the word `おうぼする` came up. I tried\nsearching the net for their differences, but couldn't find any. if anyone can\nhelp, please do so. Any output is much appreciated. Thank you very much.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-30T12:47:54.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69188",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-02T04:14:12.497",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-30T21:03:46.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "33355",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "申し込みます vs 応募します (to apply)",
"view_count": 300
}
|
[
{
"body": "It is about the nature of the \"application\". もうしこむ is typically used for a\nsituation where the recipient of your application is closer to a \"vendor\", and\nsometimes it can be translated as \"subscribe\", like subscribing to Netflix.\n\nおうぼ is used when you are closer to being the \"vendor\", and thus applying for a\njob requires おうぼ, since you are \"the vendor\". But it is not only about which\nway cash flows, ie I think that you would probably use おうぼ e.g. when applying\nfor membership of some yacht club.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-30T13:04:22.490",
"id": "69189",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-30T13:04:22.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "69188",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "The kanji 応 in 応募 means \"to respond\", and 募 here means 募集 (\"recruitment\",\n\"public request for application\"). Therefore, 応募 is used only for something\nthat is publicly \"called for\", such as a job recruitment, a competition, an\naudition, a volunteer activity, or a magazine sweepstakes. There is usually a\nselection process, and you usually don't have to pay just for 応募.\n\n申し込む has a broader sense. You can use 申し込む for all the examples above. You can\nuse only 申し込む when you start an ordinary business transaction, such as buying\na cell phone, reserving a hotel, claiming for insurance money, or issuing a\npassport.\n\nNote that there are some specific and better words in some fields, such as 出願\n(for applying for admission to a school) and 投稿 (for submitting a manuscript).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-02T04:14:12.497",
"id": "69219",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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}
] |
69188
| null |
69219
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69200",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There are many words in French that are spelled identically to or very\nsimilarly to English words but the meanings are not the same. These words are\ncalled faux-amis (false friends) because they trick you into assuming the\nmeaning and then you discover the meaning is sometimes quite different.\n\nFor example:\n\n''rester'' means ''to stay'', not ''to rest''.\n\n''quitter'' means ''to leave'', not ''to quit''.\n\n''monnaie'' means ''loose change'', not ''money''.\n\n''librairie'' means ''bookstore'', not ''library''.\n\nAnyway I have discovered a similar phenomenon between Japanese and Chinese.\n\n''人参'' means carrot in Japanese but Ginseng in Chinese.\n\n''棚'' means shelf in Japanese but shed in Chinese.\n\n''麒麟'' means giraffe in Japanese but it is a kind of mythical creature in\nChinese.\n\nI feel these are kind of faux-amis between the Japanese and Chinese language.\n\nMy question is: Why don't the characters used for Japanese Kanji have the same\nmeaning as those used in Chinese ?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-06-30T14:01:33.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69191",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-01T03:58:38.757",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-30T19:42:05.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"chinese"
],
"title": "Why don't the characters used for Japanese Kanji have the same meaning as those used in Chinese? (Chinese-Japanese false friends)",
"view_count": 608
}
|
[
{
"body": "To borrow a little from an older, [related\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2783/16022):\n\nWhen the Japanese adopted Chinese characters as kanji, the main goal was to\nfind characters with sufficiently similar meaning to existing Japanese words.\nAs a result, there was some natural drift in the meaning from the original\nChinese, along with the occasional mix-up or misinterpretation.\n\nAdditionally, this all happened long enough ago that both Chinese _and_\nJapanese moved on as languages, mostly independently of each other. So for\nsome words the Japanese may actually reflect the traditional Chinese meaning\nmore closely than the modern Chinese (and of course there are many modern\nChinese languages/dialects which don't all ascribe the exact same meaning to\nthe same characters too).\n\nThe kirin/qilin one is particularly interesting, since it seems that giraffes\nwere brought to China during the Ming dynasty, and they were probably called\nqilin then (on the assumption that they _were_ the mystical creature, similar\nto how dinosaurs and dragons may have been conflated at some point). For\nwhatever reason, it was more useful for the Japanese to refer to giraffes than\nthe magical creature, and so the meaning shifted appropriately (as it did in\nKorea).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-01T03:58:38.757",
"id": "69200",
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"score": 5
}
] |
69191
|
69200
|
69200
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I spoke with someone from Japan on Tandem and she said to me “今日はどんな一日でしたか?”\nand I’m wondering why 一日 was used since I thought that meant the first of the\nmonth?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-01T01:42:37.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69197",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-01T03:46:43.703",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"expressions",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Why is 一日 used instead of 日 to ask how your day is?",
"view_count": 2241
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this case, it would be read as [一日]{いち・にち} which just means \"(one) day\" as\nopposed to [一日]{≪ついたち≫} which means first of the month.\n\nMy gut says that in this case 一日 is acting like \"your day\" in particular,\ntrying to evoke your subjective answer of how it was in particular for\n**you**. If she had just asked you 「どんな[日]{ひ}でしたか？」, it would sound to me like\na more objective question, perhaps wanting to know what the weather was like,\nor some other \"fact\" about the day.\n\nJust my ￥2, and they could perhaps even be interchangeable.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-01T03:46:43.703",
"id": "69198",
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] |
69197
| null |
69198
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the cultural/religious origin of itadakimasu and gochisosama?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-01T04:00:02.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69201",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-02T07:00:17.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34525",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Origin of words for eating manners",
"view_count": 469
}
|
[
{
"body": "In terms of simple word origins / etymologies, we can explain that pretty\neasily based on available resources.\n\n## Origin of _itadakimasu_\n\n`<joke>` This comes from the phrase [板]{ita}[[を]{o}][抱きます]{dakimasu}, and\nrefers to the custom of hugging ([抱く]{daku}) a board ([板]{ita}) in\nappreciation of the table on which the food is laid. `</joke>`\n\nMore seriously, _itadakimasu_ or 頂【いただ】きます is the so-called \" _-masu_ form\" or\n\"polite form\" of the verb [頂く]{itadaku}.\n\nThe original meaning, way back over a thousand years ago, referred to placing\nsomething on top of one's head, such as to carry or transport. The idea of \"on\nthe very top of something\" is still used in the noun derived from this verb --\n_itadaki_ can refer to the peak of a mountain, for example.\n\nOver time, this \"put on one's head\" expanded to mean \"get something from on\nhigh\", and then to \"get something from a social superior\".\n\nThen, from \"to humbly receive\", the word was used more poetically in reference\nto \"humbly receiving food\", leading to the modern usage just before eating.\n\nAs a regular verb, _itadaku_ still means \"to humbly receive\" or \"to humbly get\nor have someone else do something\", such as 回答【かいとう】を書【か】いていただけますでしょうか (\n_kaitō o kaite itadakemasu deshō ka_ , \"could I get you to write a response\nfor me?\").\n\n## Origin of _go-chisō-sama_\n\nThis term comes from three pieces.\n\n * _go-_ \nThis is an honorific prefix. Either _go-_ or _o-_ shows up on the front of\nmany terms in Japanese as a kind of polite marker.\n\n * _chisō_ \nThe core term. We'll get to this in a moment.\n\n * _-sama_ \nThis is an honorific suffix. It's the ancestor, and now the hyper-polite\nversion, of the modern _-san_ suffix used for people's names.\n\nSo we have two pieces of politenss, and one core term.\n\n### The core term _chisō_\n\nThe Japanese term _chisō_ is spelled in kanji as 馳走, and this literally means\n馳 \"to rush about\" + 走 \"to run\". The literal sense first appears in the late\n1000s. Over time, this took on overtones of \"to rush about taking care of\nthings for someone\", and from there, the meaning extended by the early 1600s\nto mean \"to treat someone to a meal\".\n\nAt the end of a meal, it became the custom to thank one's host for taking care\nof preparing the food by stating that they have \"rushed about getting the food\nprepared\": _go-chisō-sama deshita_ , literally \"[you have] honorably been\nrushing about\". More [at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%A6%B3%E8%B5%B0-565923#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8).\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above has not answered your questions, and I can update\nas appropriate.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-02T07:00:17.307",
"id": "69220",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-02T07:00:17.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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}
] |
69201
| null |
69220
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Suppose person A writes a letter to someone. I think the standard way for A to\nsign it off would be 「Aより」.\n\nWould it still be correct if I replaced より with から? Is there any difference in\nformality and context when it comes to choosing between から and より to mean\n\"from\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-01T08:56:34.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69202",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-01T08:56:34.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29335",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "より vs から to mean \"from\"",
"view_count": 416
}
|
[] |
69202
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I made the following sentence:\n\n> テレビ東京は、政治に関するニュース **に** 、（中略）という報道があった\n\nHowever, a Japanese friend of mine advised that I should replace the particle\nに with で.\n\nI googled and found a similar sentence, and indeed で is used instead of に.\n\n> テレビのニュース速報 **で** 「マグニチュード5、○○市の震度は3でした。」という報道があった。\n\nIn my understanding, で expresses the place an action happens and に expresses\nthe place a static object is laid at, shown in the following examples.\n\n> 天安門広場｛ **に** ／ *で｝自由の **女神像** があった。 \n> 天安門広場｛*に／ **で** ｝大規模な **騒乱** があった。\n\nHowever, 報道 doesn't seem to be an \"action.\" Could someone help me figure out\nthe reason why で is better than に in the sentence structure\n\"ニュースで、...という報道があった\"?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-01T12:47:25.653",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69205",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-01T15:59:28.500",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-01T15:59:28.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "31630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "に or で in the sentence pattern \"ニュース(に/で)、...という報道があった\"",
"view_count": 103
}
|
[] |
69205
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "70671",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Take the following sentences:\n\n 1. いつか願いが叶うと信じている。\n\n 2. いつか願いが叶うのを信じている。/ いつか願いが叶うことを信じている。 \n\nI know what they mean, but I don't know if there is a practical difference\nbetween the two versions. More generally, are there times when only と **or**\nのを/ことを can be used, but not both?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-01T12:47:35.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69206",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-10T06:23:57.977",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-06T17:47:25.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"sentence"
],
"title": "と vs. のを / ことを when used with 信じる",
"view_count": 859
}
|
[
{
"body": "As a native Japanese speaker, I'd rather explain my own feeling or thoughts at\nthe times facing of someone saying those sentences:\n\n1) いつか願いが叶うと信じている。\n\nHe/she has \"made\" him/herself believe something - or he/she consiously defines\nhis/her beliefs as such.\n\n2) いつか願いが叶うのを信じている。/ いつか願いが叶うことを信じている。\n\nHe/she believes something.\n\nBasically those sentences are fairly similar but I slightly sense of more\nconsciousness on #1 than #2. Perhaps \"と\" makes me feel of psychological\ndistance between subjects and objects, thus revealing existense of implied\nforces (i.e., will) tighten them up and turning objects into subjects (or\n\"heartfelt voice\"). On the other hand, objects on #2 are still objects.\n\nIf the verb \"信じている\" is changed to some other, for example \"考えている\", I think the\ndistinction between two becomes clearer. I'm not sure this can be applied to\n\"信じている\" but could be understood as some inherent meanings of \"信じる\" has masked\nout grammatical differences - probably \"信じる\" is subjective after all.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-09T13:21:03.303",
"id": "70671",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-09T13:21:03.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35313",
"parent_id": "69206",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "This point with ～と(certain verbs) is discussed in the N1 grammar 過去問題集 by\nドリル＆ドリル. There is a difference between を and と for me but I don't feel\ncomfortable explaining it. Anyhow, I think that explaining exactly what と is\ndoing will help a bit.\n\n## Explanation by grammar resource\n\nThe discussion is an elaboration on this sentence:\n\n学生時代にもっと勉強しておけばよかったと今更ながら後悔している。\n\nAlthough I've already graduated and it's too late now, I regret that I didn't\nstudy more as a student.\n\n>\n> 「～と後悔する」の「と」は、後ろの動詞（「後悔する」）の内容（何をどのように後悔したか）を表す引用の文（「もっと勉強しておけばよかった」）の最後につける。\n> 例：①「学生時代の不勉強を後悔している」②「学生時代に勉強しなかったことを後悔している」③「学生時代になぜもっと勉強しなかったのだろうと後悔している」\n\nThe point of this 「と」is to provide information/context about the [thing you're\ndoing=verb that comes after と] - what are you [ _verb_ ing] and/or in what way\nare you [ _verb_ ing] it?\n\nIf you substitute 信じる for 後悔する in the explanation from my textbook above, you\nget this:\n\n> 「～と信じる」の「と」は、後ろの動詞（「信じる」）の内容（何をどのように信じているか）を表す引用の文（「いつか願いが叶う」）の最後につける。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-09-10T06:23:57.977",
"id": "70706",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-10T06:23:57.977",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35327",
"parent_id": "69206",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69206
|
70671
|
70671
|
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