question
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list | id
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6
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "ダンスの先生なんだから、上手なはずですよ。 is はずです is work as a noun here ?? as its attached after\nna adjective",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T04:01:19.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69446",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-13T09:33:20.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ダンスの先生なんだから、上手なはずですよ",
"view_count": 162
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, grammatically speaking, this はず is working as a noun, and dictionaries\nindeed categorize it as a noun. This noun on its own means something like\n\"natural consequence/estimation\":\n\n * 上手な: good (at dancing)\n * はず: natural estimation\n\nOf course \"goodness's natural estimation\" makes no sense in English, and the\nsentence is normally translated like \"he/she must/should be good at dancing\".\n\n * [Maggie Sensei: How to use はず ( = hazu)](http://maggiesensei.com/2012/11/14/request-lesson-how-and-when-to-use-%E3%81%AF%E3%81%9Ahazu/)\n * [Tae Kim's Guide to Learning Japanese: Things that should be a certain way](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/should)\n\nA noun like this is called a 形式名詞 (\"formal noun\"). Instead of working as an\nordinary noun, they play some grammatical role, and it's often hard to\ntranslate them using English nouns. Other 形式名詞 include とき (\"when\"), こと\n(nominalizer), うち (\"during\"), とおり (\"as/like\") and の (explanatory-no).\nPractically speaking, English speakers may want to just memorize the patterns,\nrather than worrying too much about their meanings as nouns.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T07:19:04.213",
"id": "69453",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-13T09:33:20.823",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-13T09:33:20.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69446",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69446
| null |
69453
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "怒られるのが怖くて嘘をつくのは、子供にありがちな行動です。 why did we use 怒られるのが as subject ?? what is the\nsentence constructon",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T04:56:31.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69448",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T01:24:38.517",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-15T01:24:38.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "怒られるのが sentence construction",
"view_count": 147
}
|
[
{
"body": "Great question. 怒られる is the passive form of 怒る. This means it has the meaning\nof 'to be told off'. のが is making it into a noun form, similar to the English\n'being told off'. Hopefully you can figure out the gist of the sentence from\nthere; if not, I can help you with the rest of the sentence.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T05:22:58.227",
"id": "69449",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-13T05:22:58.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10554",
"parent_id": "69448",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 【｛怒られる **の** ｝が怖くて嘘をつく **の** 】は、子供にありがちな行動です。\n>\n> 【Being afraid of｛being scolded} and (thus) telling a lie】 is a behavior that\n> tends to be found in children.\n>\n> → Telling a lie for fear of being scolded is a behavior children tend to\n> exhibit.\n\nThere are nested nominalized verbs, and the subject of the main clause is\neverything inside `【】`.\n\n * **怒られるの** : being scolded (nominalized passive-form)\n * **Nが怖い** : \"N is scary\", \"to be afraid of N\". It's in te-form (怖くて) because this is working as a reason/cause for the following verb (嘘をつく).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T09:27:48.617",
"id": "69454",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-13T09:35:30.913",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-13T09:35:30.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69448",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69448
| null |
69454
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69456",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I noticed this tweet:\n\n> 京都人は「死ねどす」なんて言わない 殺した後に「死んではるわ」って言う\n\nwith 70K+ retweets <https://twitter.com/sc_gloom03/status/1147066611762728960>\nand don't quite get why it's so popular. I half-get that it's about Kyoto\nperson saying \"DIE!\" at someone, but I don't understand the grammar enough to\nget the rest. \nWhat's happening here and why is it so popular? Is there some peculiarity of\nthe dialect I'm missing here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T09:44:55.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69455",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-13T10:44:30.537",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-13T09:48:50.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "34646",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Help with understanding nuances of extremely popular Kyoto-ben (?) tweet",
"view_count": 642
}
|
[
{
"body": "First, it's two sentences, although periods are omitted.\n\n> 京都人は「死ねどす」なんて言わない。殺した後に「死んではるわ」って言う。 \n> Kyoto people don't say \"Die!\" (to someone). (Instead,) They say \"Oh this\n> person is dead\" after killing them.\n\nI think you can get the main part of this joke from the translation. Basically\nthis is an ethnic joke that is making fun of the cold and sarcastic trait of\nKyoto people. 死んではる is a Kyoto-ben version of 死んでいらっしゃる. ([This\ntweet](https://twitter.com/bozu_108/status/1012896046358265856) also shows the\nstereotyped image of Kyoto people. Well, who said sarcasm doesn't exist in\nJapan?)\n\nIn addition, 死ねどす by itself sounds funny. This どす (or どすえ, ですえ) is a\nstereotyped feminine (or \"geisha-ish\") Kyoto-ben variant of です. Naturally, it\ncomes after a noun or an adjective, but not after an imperative form. A\n\"correct\" Kyoto-ben sentence for \"Die!\" would be something like 死んどくれやす.\nTherefore, this tweet initially looks like a serious Kyoto-ben lesson, but it\nturns out to be a dirty joke in the second sentence, which makes the tweet\neven funnier.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T10:34:23.147",
"id": "69456",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-13T10:34:23.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "If I'm understanding it correctly, this is a comment on the\nstereotype/reputation of Kyoto-ites, as being fake or two-faced. It's saying\nsomething like:\n\n> A Kyoto-ite won't say \"Die!\" to (you); they will say \"Oh, you're dead!\"\n> after killing (you).\n\nSome of the comments mention `私の中のニセ京都人` (the fake Kyoto-ite within me) or\nsimilar.\n\nSome comments also note that the dialect grammar might not be all that\naccurate, which makes the whole thing funnier/more of a caricature: 死んではるわ is\nsupposed to actually be 死んだはるわ; and, likewise, 死ねどす is not really that\ngrammatical as it would be the equivalent of 死ねです in standard Japanese, so is\nreally a bit odd as well as being unnecessarily polite by using どす...\nobviously those \"mistakes\" haven't obscured the meaning of the joke, given it\nhas been retweeted so much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T10:39:19.553",
"id": "69457",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-13T10:44:30.537",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-13T10:44:30.537",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "69455",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69455
|
69456
|
69456
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So Link (this elf kid) walks into an weapons shop and the seller/vendor says:\n\n武器やったらなんでも売ってるで、金塊次第やなあ！\n\nI guess he's saying:\n\nIf you want to buy weapons, I sell everything, provided you have the money!\nMuhaha!\n\nやったら 1. if that's the case なんでも売ってる I sell everything\n\nBut this translation is a bit off, doesn't sound smooth.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T12:27:37.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69458",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-13T20:15:35.220",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-13T20:15:35.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "What does [Item]やったらなんでも売ってる mean?",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「武器{ぶき}やったらなんでも売{う}ってるで、金塊次第{きんかいしだい}やなあ！」\n\nThis is Kansai speech.\n\nやったら ＝ だったら ≒ なら\n\n売ってるで ＝ 売ってるよ\n\nやなあ ＝ だなあ\n\nHighly literal TL:\n\n> \"If it's about weapons, I sell everything; It (what you can get) would all\n> depend on the gold nuggets (that you have).\"\n\nMore naturally:\n\n> \"When it comes to weapons, I've got it all. Money will talk.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T13:00:03.457",
"id": "69459",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-13T13:10:28.927",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-13T13:10:28.927",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "69458",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69458
| null |
69459
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69490",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I try to use the limit marker 以下 (less than, up to) with the particle しか to\nconvey that the amount of less than 1万 for a bonus is fewer than expected. Can\nI use both words together? My sentence is:\n\n> A: 田中さん、ボーナス貰ったの？ \n> B: うん。でも、ボーナスといっても、1万 **以下しか** 貰わなかった。\n\nよろしく！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T14:32:46.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69460",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T03:30:31.577",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-14T02:29:29.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-しか"
],
"title": "Is it possible to join 以下 + しか?",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "You can use both words together, but it means something different from what I\nthink you're trying to say. しか+Verbない is used to express that the preceding\nthing is the only thing that is true.\n\nThus, you should understand\n\n> 1万以下しか貰わなかった\n\nas meaning that the only thing that is true is\n\n> 1万以下を貰った\n\nB didn't get a bonus of 1万 and certainly not over 1万. The only kind of bonus B\ngot is a bonus that is under 1万.\n\nIf you want to express that a bonus of under 1万 is less than expected (i.e.\nyou expected a bonus of 15万 but instead got a bonus of 1万), then you would\nwant to say something like this:\n\n> ボーナスといっても、1万以下は思ったよりも少なすぎてがっかりした\n>\n> ボーナスといっても、1万以下は思ったより少ない金額だった。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T17:39:15.740",
"id": "69462",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T03:57:32.297",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "69460",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "> １万 **以下しか** 貰わなかった。\n\nI think it's grammatically okay. Similar examples:\n\n> 「受験生の５０％ **以下しか** 解けない問題」 \n> 「１頭から１kg **以下しか** 取れない希少部位」 \n> 「５教科全て半分 **以下しか** 取れません」 \n> 「１日に１ドル **以下しか** 所得がない人々の割合」 \n> 「日本で５０人 **以下しか** いない珍しい名字」\n\n... but I think would probably say it like this, using 「も」:\n\n> 「田中さん、ボーナス貰ったの？」 \n> --「うん。でも、１万円 **も** なかった。」 or \n> --「まあ、一応。ボーナスっつーても、１万円 **も** なかったけど。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T02:08:40.257",
"id": "69490",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T03:30:31.577",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-15T03:30:31.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "69460",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69460
|
69490
|
69490
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69474",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "上下 has lots of potential pronunciations:\n\n 1. じょうげ\n 2. うえした\n 3. しょうか\n 4. かみしも\n\nAre there any guidelines on how to know which readings to use? I'm\nparticularly interested in this sentence:\n\n> 顔が **上下** に割れるかと思ったほど大きくにっこりして、... \n> _The person_ grinned so hard that he thought his face might split from top\n> to bottom.\n\nBut I'd also be interested in more general thoughts.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T15:26:34.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69461",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T14:00:09.713",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-13T19:51:05.783",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of 上下",
"view_count": 395
}
|
[
{
"body": "As for your example, both じょうげ and うえした will work and I don't think I can\nchoose one.\n\nThe first reading\n[じょうげ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/108085/meaning/m0u/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B/)\nis the most versatile one that spans across a number of related meanings as\nwell as grammar:\n\n 1. _n._ top and bottom, upper and lower, the former and the latter (volumes), inbound and outbound (traffic); ( _adverbially_ ) above and below\n 2. _n._ all from top to bottom, high and low\n 3. _n._ the quality of up and down, verticality, height, tallness, hierarchy, rank; ( _adjectively_ ) vertical, hierarchical\n 4. _v._ move up and down, fluctuate, bounce; _n._ fluctuation, bouncing\n\n[うえした](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/17554/meaning/m0u/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B/)\nand\n[かみしも](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/44835/meaning/m0u/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B/)\neach shares a small portion of the definition #1 (and #3) shown above. You can\nrefer to [Ups and downs: かみ・しも vs\nうえ・した](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3090/7810) for their difference,\nbut simply put, うえした is used for something really \"vertical\", and かみしも\nspecially for those customarily assigned \"up\" and \"down\" and not very\n\"vertical\".\n\n * うえした: for physical position, dimension, direction and hierarchy\n * かみしも: for river (up- and downstream), stage (\"upper\" (=left) and \"lower\" (=right)), kimono (top and bottom pieces), [tanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanka) etc.\n\nBut うえした has one unique sense not in じょうげ: \"upside down\" by its own (=\n上下（じょうげ・うえした）逆). The similar usage can also be seen in native words 前後ろ, 裏表,\n右左 etc.\n\nしょうか is... never used anymore, except that since it is all-漢音 reading, it must\n(prescriptively) be used instead of じょうげ whenever [we read Classical\nChinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbun). For other meanings kindly\n[consult the\ndictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/107560/meaning/m0u/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B/),\nbecause they are foreign to us too :)\n\n> [故【ゆえ】に上下【しょうか】能【よ】く相【あい】親【した】しむなり。](https://kanbun.info/keibu/kokyo17.html) \n> _Hence, as the superior and inferior, they are able to have an affection\n> for each other._ ([James Legge](https://ctext.org/xiao-jing/service-of-the-\n> ruler))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T12:11:30.240",
"id": "69474",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T14:00:09.713",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-14T14:00:09.713",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "69461",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
] |
69461
|
69474
|
69474
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Someone left a comment on the answer to this [ending sentences with\nように](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/13486/ending-sentences-\nwith-%e3%82%88%e3%81%86%e3%81%ab) question saying that it only works with the\n-ます form.\n\nI tried looking up （どうか）～ように。sentences and all the ones I found were in the\n-ます form, like this page <http://jp.wordmind.com/ecmaster-\ncgi/Jsearch.cgi?kwd=%A4%DE%A4%B9%A4%E8%A4%A6%A4%CB>, so is it true?\n\nAre there exceptions? Are there other particles like this? Why is it the case\nif it's true?\n\nThank you~",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T22:15:34.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69463",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-17T05:05:22.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"sentence-final-particles",
"formality"
],
"title": "Do people only end sentences with ように after the -ます form?",
"view_count": 291
}
|
[
{
"body": "Since「するように」and「あるように」are valid, I guess you are talking about the -です form.\n\nThe word before 〜ように should be in 連体形.\n\nHowever, です's 連体形 are only used before ので or のに.\n\nI think there are no logical explanation for this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T18:16:47.600",
"id": "69501",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-17T05:05:22.030",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-17T05:05:22.030",
"last_editor_user_id": "8010",
"owner_user_id": "8010",
"parent_id": "69463",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
] |
69463
| null |
69501
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 能力のある人や努力した人 **が** 豊かになること **が** 本当の平等というものだろう。\n\nwhy did we use が two times in this sentence, and what does the mean of 豊かになること\nsentences",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T23:49:59.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69465",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T03:55:02.413",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-14T02:14:13.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "豊かになることが sentence construction",
"view_count": 72
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「能力{のうりょく}のある人や努力{どりょく}した人 **が** 豊{ゆた}かになること **が**\n> 本当{ほんとう}の平等{びょうどう}というものだろう。」\n\nTo comprehend the reason for the double-が, you will need to analyze the\nsentence grammatically.\n\nWhat is the grammatical subject of this sentence? It is 「能力のある人や努力した人 **が**\n豊かになること」. Yes, the subject itself is a mini-sentence that is nominalized by\n「こと」.\n\nSince the subject is a nominalized mini-sentence, it just so happens that it\ncontains a が within itself. That is the **_first が_** in the whole sentence.\n\nThat rather long subject must now take the subject marker, which is the\n**_second が_**. Thus the core structure of this sentence is:\n\n> \"A が B だろう。\" = \"A would be B.\"\n\nA (subject): 能力のある人や努力した人が豊かになること \"that those who have abilities or have made\nefforts become wealthy/successful\"\n\nB (predicate): 本当の平等というもの \"what should be called 'true equality'\"\n\nHope this helps.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T03:55:02.413",
"id": "69469",
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"parent_id": "69465",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
69465
| null |
69469
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69467",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nIt looks something like this, but I can't seem to find it anywhere.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-13T23:51:03.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69466",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T09:14:58.320",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "I need help finding this kanji",
"view_count": 82
}
|
[
{
"body": "Perhaps it is 爆 (ばく) meaning ‘bomb’ or ‘pop’ or ‘split’ or similar in kanji-\ncompounds, or is also sometimes used for a ‘roar of laughter’?\n\nIn your drawing, it seems you have, instead of writing 龷 and _then_ 丿and 乀\nunderneath, you have combined the vertical strokes in the sloping ones\nbeneath: I think this might be the reason why you have had trouble finding it\nin a handwriting recognition dictionary, or a dictionary that goes on stroke\ncount.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T00:00:04.033",
"id": "69467",
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"parent_id": "69466",
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"score": 1
}
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69466
|
69467
|
69467
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I've come across a portion of dialog, which has some grammar that I have not\nseen before. Focusing on the portion in bold, what is the purpose of て form\nplus てね? What does てね mean and is it a shortened version of something?\n\n> **待っててねー** ！！ キミのこと すぐに見つけるからーーー！！！\n>\n> My translation: Wait!! Pal, because I'm coming to find you right now!!!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T01:39:44.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69468",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T00:07:55.933",
"last_edit_date": "2023-01-18T19:45:41.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"て-form",
"casual"
],
"title": "Meaning of て form plus てね in dialog",
"view_count": 904
}
|
[
{
"body": "待っててね is an abbreviation for 待っていてね.\n\n待っていてね = 待っていて + ね\n\n待っていて = (待っている、の連用形、待ってい) + て(終助詞)\n\n待っている = 待って + いる\n\n待って = 待ちて(=待つ、の連用形、待ち、+ て(接続助詞)) の 音便\n\nPhew.\n\nBasically, て of 終助詞 means a request or a desire. て+ね is not that different,\nbut I feel the latter has a slight stronger intention for confirmation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T15:37:56.593",
"id": "69498",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T15:37:56.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8010",
"parent_id": "69468",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69468
| null |
69498
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69472",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[Context](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011990471000/k10011990471000.html):\n\n> １０円や５０円などほかの硬貨も、 **準備ができたものから** 作り始めます。 \n> They will also start making other coins such as the 10 and 50 yen _from the\n> thing they were able to prepare_.\n\nI can't even guess at what 準備ができたものから is meant to mean in this sentence. What\nis もの referring to? The context doesn't help me at all.\n\nEdit: Presumably it is simply \"after they've made preparations\", but I still\ndon't understand the ものから part well.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T09:28:05.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69470",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T10:40:25.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of 準備ができたものから",
"view_count": 209
}
|
[
{
"body": "This から stands for the starting point of sequence, just like English _from_ in\n\"from the largest to smallest\". [The\ndictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/45491/meaning/m0u/) says:\n\n> **５** 動作・作用の開始順序や発端を示す。「先着の人から入場してください」\n\nSo,\n\n> 準備ができたものから \n> _in the order they reach readiness_ \n> _(starting) from what has been made ready_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T10:40:25.413",
"id": "69472",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T10:40:25.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "69470",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69470
|
69472
|
69472
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69479",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I guess this question brushes along the lines of why \"real Japanese\" can't be\nlearnt from drama/アニメ. I was watching the Dark Knight (2008) with Japanese\nsubtitles and I noticed that the translations sounded like they were sentences\nwritten only used in a book/literature and not actual conversational Japanese.\nFor example, there's a scene with the Joker in which he says\n\n> Joker: You see, in their last moments, people show you who they really are.\n\nTo which it was translated as\n\n> Joker: あれだな、末期においてな、本性を 晒け出すもんだ。\n\nAfter consulting with my Japanese friends about how you would translate this\nto conversational Japanese, it just got me wondering, why are movie\ntranslations in Japanese done like this? I.e is it just for effect? Of course\nit depends on the era/setting but this is a modern film. What would be the\ndifference/effect if conversational Japanese was used instead? i.e\n\n> Joker: 本性っていうのは最期に晒け出すもんだ。\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T10:00:18.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69471",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T15:43:32.277",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Why are Japanese translated subtitles non-conversational?",
"view_count": 730
}
|
[
{
"body": "The translation you saw looks neither like the most natural translation nor\nlike traditional subtitle translation practice. It's more like a translation\nthat must make compromises with lip sync requirements ([this\nscene](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MXp6Yj9VyDc)?).\n\nBasically, Japanese (commercial) subtitle translation is the art of summary.\n\n清水 (1992), titled\n[『映画字幕は翻訳ではない』](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%B9%95%E3%81%AF%E7%BF%BB%E8%A8%B3%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%B4-%E4%BF%8A%E4%BA%8C/dp/4152035226)\n( _Movie Subtitles Are Not Translation_ ), is a classical essay that depicts\nthe work of subtitle translators. According to the book, Japanese subtitle\ntranslation has a rigid rule: You can only use **4 characters per second** ,\nand only display at maximum **14 characters × 2 lines** at the same time\n(usually 10 characters per line). This is a tradition that has been\nestablished over time in that field to minimize potential hindrance to\nviewer's immersion.\n\nPeople who watch movies with Japanese subtitles are presumably mostly\nJapanese, and they can understand the scene from the minimal subtitles with\nthe help of the actors' performances. Some people _do_ like watching them with\ncurtailed subtitles and original acting (字幕派), and of course there are others\nwho prefer natural Japanese voiceover (吹き替え派). This is an eternal controversy\namong Japanese movie fans. (Note: I rarely watch movies.)\n\nSo, in conclusion, it's not the best idea to learn Japanese conversation from\nmost movie subtitles. Maybe you can transcribe/find a transcription of a\nvoiceover, or go to video sites like YouTube (or\n[here](https://jp.voicetube.com/)?) where people upload translations in\nhopefully more straightforward ways.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T13:52:36.127",
"id": "69479",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T15:43:32.277",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-14T15:43:32.277",
"last_editor_user_id": "10045",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "69471",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
] |
69471
|
69479
|
69479
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am a beginner Japanese student, and I'm going through a song and translating\nit. I am struggling to understand the word 誘われて in the first line. I\nunderstand that the verb is 誘う; is this the -te form? I thought the -te form\nwould be 誘って.\n\nThe full context is this:\n\n> 真っ白な景色にいま誘われて \n> 僕は行くよ まだ見ぬ世界へ\n\nI would appreciate any help! Bonus points if you can guess the song :)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T12:17:54.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69475",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-06T16:06:28.773",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-15T05:17:31.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "3871",
"owner_user_id": "34657",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "What is 誘われて (Sasowarete) in this song lyric?",
"view_count": 1279
}
|
[
{
"body": "誘われて is a て-form, but not of 誘う, which would be 誘って, as you correctly note.\n\nRather, it is the て-form of the passive conjugation of 誘う, which is 誘われる. 誘われて\nwould mean \"(I) am/was invited\", with the tense as usual determined by the\nend-of-sentence verb.\n\nDoes that help you to piece together the rest of the translation?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T12:40:41.720",
"id": "69476",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T12:40:41.720",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "69475",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "The base 誘う's te-form would be 誘って, but it's not just the basic 誘う.\n\n> 誘う = base\n>\n> 誘われる = passive form\n>\n> 誘われて = passive form's te-form\n\nIn your song it indicates **to be** invite **d** by something/someone.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T12:45:39.240",
"id": "69478",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T12:45:39.240",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "69475",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "誘われて is the passive -te form, usually understood by the final verb. However,\nthis -te form (as a standard grammatical construct) may simply end the first\npart of a compound sentence, such as your example:\n\n真っ白な景色にいま誘われて 僕は行くよ まだ見ぬ世界へ\n\nand, as it were, the same is true of first sentence of KAWAKAMI Hiromi's short\nstory \"Kamisama\"\n\nくまにさそわれて散歩に出る。\n\nBand: Nico touches the Wall Song title: HOLOGRAM Song for Full Metal Alchemist\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JwYgd4zHvU>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-24T14:14:38.907",
"id": "78744",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-06T16:06:28.773",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-06T16:06:28.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "39792",
"owner_user_id": "39792",
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"score": 0
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69475
| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69493",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> まじでおまえに愛される気しかねぇんだけど(男です)\n\nThis is a sentence I saw below a YouTube Japanese music video.\n\nAs I understand it, it says \"To be honest, I only want to be loved by you (But\nI'm a boy)\"\n\nBut that sounds so weird. Is my translation correct? And while we are at it,\nwhat grammatical function does the 気 have?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T14:27:28.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69480",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T08:58:46.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Translation help for a short sentence",
"view_count": 126
}
|
[
{
"body": "As @BJCUAI pointed out in the comment,\n\n> まじでおまえに愛される気しかねぇんだけど(男です)\n\nis intended to be a creative reply referring to a line of the lyrics in the\nvideo:\n\n> まじで僕に愛される気あんの？\n\nwhich is already an untypical, creative wording. 気あんの is the contraction of\n気（が）ある \"be willing to\" + の？ (question), but 気がある usually means that you have\nactive desire to do something, while 愛される is passive (in grammar and meaning),\nthat means, these two phrases are not really connectable in the usual sense.\nIt should be instead understood by adjusting grammar to the meaning, such as:\n\n> Do you seriously want me to love you (or not)!?\n\nOn this basis, the original comment would be like:\n\n> You know I seriously want nothing but you to love me... Note: I'm a guy\n\nWhat the poster wants to say is that he likes his song very much, and this\nkind of \"I love your video, marry me\" comments are quite popular on YouTube.\n(Isn't it?)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T08:58:46.103",
"id": "69493",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T08:58:46.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
69480
|
69493
|
69493
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A 急須 (kyūsu) is a teapot. If you are really thirsty you may feel an urgent\nneed for one, but otherwise the etymology is not self-evident.\n\n[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/急須#Japanese](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E9%A0%88#Japanese)\nlacks etymological information, but does show that the word exists in Chinese\nwith the same meaning. So perhaps this is a question of Chinese, rather than\nJapanese, etymology.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T16:32:17.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69482",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-20T08:00:55.113",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Etymology of 急須",
"view_count": 327
}
|
[
{
"body": "I remember 急須{きゅうす} was also pronounced \"きびしょう\" before. I have remembered the\npot was called like that but it was also used for soysauce-serving in my\nexperience. And it closes to the hypothesis that its origin is [sake-\nset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sake_set) from china.\n\nI found [this site](http://www.yamaderakk.co.jp/kyuusu1.html) :「現代急須の世界\n精巧な急須その起源と歴史についての考察 温故焼、万古焼、常滑焼 地理的必然性」and [the\nquestion](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13114235578)\nin 「Yahoo知恵袋 : 私の地方では急須（きゅうす）の事をきびしょと言いますが」 useful for the question.\n\nThe excerpt of first passage from the site :\n\n>\n> 急須は、以前きびしょと言われていました。きびしょから急須へ何時ごろ呼び名が代わったのかはっきりしません。一般にきびしょは方言と考えられていますが、実際の語源は酒器の急焼、急火焼(きびしょう)だとも言われています。一方急須ですが「須」が用の同義語それから急須の呼び名ができたとの研究もあります。江戸時代涼炉とボーフラが輸入されていました。ボーフラ(湯沸し)が急須と兼用されていた、散茶の発展とともに専用の物として「急焼」きゅうしょうーきびしょうーきゅうすと独立したものになっていったと思われます。涼炉とかボーフラは、煎茶の道具になる前は、中国ではコンロ、酒器だったと思われます。日本の急須は、ボーフラから進化したので横手のものが多くなったと考えられます。\n> 個人的な意見ですが須は、Necesstiy The necessities of lifee\"生活必需品\"になればと考えています。\n> 急須は、煎茶道では昔から「茶銚」「茶注」と呼ばれています。\n\nYou perhaps could add the \"kanji\" tags for the further detailed answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T22:36:22.493",
"id": "69593",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-19T22:36:22.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34735",
"parent_id": "69482",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69482
| null |
69593
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69486",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I'm having a conversation with someone in which I am using the polite form\nof verbs, should I also use the -masu form if I'm describing something I do or\ndid? If I'm saying, for example, 私は午前八時に起きる, should that be 起きます? Or does it\nsound stuck-up?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T18:08:49.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69484",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T21:54:04.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-14T19:42:46.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "25518",
"owner_user_id": "25518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Should one use the -masu form of verbs when talking about one's own actions?",
"view_count": 129
}
|
[
{
"body": "At the very simplest level, regardless of whether talking about your own or\nothers' actions, it is best to stick to ます・です style if you want to be polite.\n\nIt does not sound stuck up if the politeness is appropriate, but it might\nsound distant (so, potentially aloof/stuck up as a result?) if you\n(continually) use it when speaking to friends.\n\nThat said, it is not uncommon to have style-shift within a conversation, which\nis lucidly explained, in brief, here: [Can polite and casual Japanese be\ncombined?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/64467/can-polite-and-\ncasual-japanese-be-combined?rq=1).\n\nAs is often the case with how one's words come across, it will partly depend\non the manner of speaking (speed, stress, word choice, etc.), and non-verbal\nelements (body language, gestures, etc). I can imagine saying something in\npolite-form might _enhance_ sounding stuck up in certain circumstances, but\nthose other factors will really be key, I think.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T21:48:01.550",
"id": "69486",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-14T21:54:04.863",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-14T21:54:04.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "69484",
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] |
69484
|
69486
|
69486
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69507",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I think that there is a typo in the line and it should be\n才能の有無があるなら多分そういう事だろう, however, in either case I am not quite sure what is\nbeing said. Here's the exchange for context:\n\n> わ、私だって努力してるのよ！でも…アンタ達みたいに才能ないから\n>\n> 努力は創意工夫だ。ただやればいいってもんじゃない。 **才能に有無があるなら多分そういう事だろう** 。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T18:17:47.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69485",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T06:32:16.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to understand 才能に有無があるなら多分そういう事だろう",
"view_count": 124
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a reference to so-called 正しく努力する才能 (\"talent to make a correct\neffort\"). そういう事 refers to what he just said (努力は創意工夫だ。ただやればいいってもんじゃない).\n\n> 才能に有無があるなら多分そういう事だろう。\n>\n> If there is a distinction between \"talented\" and \"no talent\", it probably\n> amounts to such a fact.\n>\n> (Free translation) If there is something called a talent, that's about\n> understanding how to make an effort effectively.\n\nSo the guy is saying that 私だって努力してる is not an excuse because improper 努力 is\nmeaningless. The guy is also implying a right effort comes with a good result.\n\n**EDIT** : 才能 **に** 有無がある is not a typo, and this に is just an (abstract)\nlocation marker used with ある/いる/etc. A very literal translation is \"If there\nis (a distinction between) presence and absence in talent\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T06:17:19.970",
"id": "69507",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
69485
|
69507
|
69507
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When you don't someone's name, how do you call his attention? That is, when\nyou would say \"Sir, could you maybe ...\" or \"ma'am, you dropped something ...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-14T23:29:26.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69487",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T11:02:55.300",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4652",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "How to say sir/ma'am when you don't know the name of the person",
"view_count": 458
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you are working and they are a customer, then お[客]{きゃく}さま is a pretty\nnormal way to refer to someone.\n\nAlso in many contexts,\n\nお[兄]{にい}さん\n\nお[姉]{ねえ}さん\n\nお[父]{とう}さん\n\nお[母]{かあ}さん\n\nおじさん\n\nおばさん\n\nおじいさん\n\nおばあさん\n\nfunction as ways to address people when you don't know depending on the\nperson's age.\n\nBut perhaps the most common way to get someone's attention is すみません spoken in\ntheir direction.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T00:42:58.320",
"id": "69488",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T11:02:55.300",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T11:02:55.300",
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"parent_id": "69487",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
] |
69487
| null |
69488
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69496",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From manga where student is being scolded.\n\n> 来週会議があるの\n>\n> 出席日数が足りてるか\n>\n> 赤点取った数が多くないか\n\nIt's a long sentence so I'm having trouble.\n\nI think I can understand that the teacher has a meeting next week. It's the\nfollowing words I'm confused with. Is the teacher saying the student's about\nto fail?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T05:32:35.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69492",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T13:01:54.603",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does \"日数\" mean here?",
"view_count": 199
}
|
[
{
"body": "> \"It's a long sentence so I'm having trouble.\"\n\nLong sentences are not too often used in manga. Sentences just tend to \"look\"\nlong to Japanese-learners because there are practically no punctuations used\nin manga.\n\n「日数{にっすう}」 simply means what the two kanji would suggest -- \" _ **the number\nof days**_ \".\n\nThus, 「[出席]{しゅっせき}日数」 means \" _ **the (total) number of days attended**_ (at\nschool)\".\n\n> \"We have a meeting next week.\"\n>\n> \"(We will discuss whether) you have attended school for a sufficient number\n> of days.\"\n>\n> \"and whether you have not received too many F's.\"\n\n「赤点{あかてん}」 is a school slang for \"Fail\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T13:01:54.603",
"id": "69496",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T13:01:54.603",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "69492",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
69492
|
69496
|
69496
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While doing some exercises I found one where I am supposed to insert the\ncorrect answer in this dialogue, but I don't understand why it goes こそ。\n\n> マイクさん:「ジャンさん、歌うまいね」 \n> ジャンさん:「そんなことないよ。マイクさん…………プロの歌手みたいだったよ」 \n> マイクさん:「え、そうかなあ」\n>\n> 1. なら 2. でも 3. こそ 4. が\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T08:58:59.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69494",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T11:54:41.067",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-15T12:45:51.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "25880",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of こそ in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1099
}
|
[
{
"body": "「こそ」 is a particle whose main function is to emphasize and accentuate the\npreceding word or phrase.\n\n> 「マイクさん **こそ** プロの歌手みたいだったよ。」\n\nthis sentence means:\n\n> \"It was _you_ , Mike, who was like a professional singer.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T12:42:51.970",
"id": "69495",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T11:54:41.067",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T11:54:41.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "34684",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "69494",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 16
}
] |
69494
| null |
69495
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm learning Japanese and using busuu. A native speaker corrected my exercise\nbut I dont understand what the green corrections mean. They teach me vocab and\nnot much grammar. Please help!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T15:55:40.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69499",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T23:39:33.940",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-15T23:29:12.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "1127",
"owner_user_id": "34673",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"counters",
"kinship-terms"
],
"title": "what does 人の mean?",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "人 is a person, but the word you're looking at is 一人, pronounced ひとり. It's made\nup of the kanji ー for \"one\" and 人 for \"person\", and it means \"one person.” In\nthis case,\n\n> 一人のむすめ\n\nmeans \"one daughter.\"\n\nAlso note that in the same sentence:\n\n> 二人のおとうと\n\nThe 二人 is pronounced ふたり and means \"two (people)\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T16:24:09.757",
"id": "69500",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T16:24:09.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "25413",
"parent_id": "69499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "In Japanese it is required that you add a counter word to virtually any\nnumber. Just “一” by itself has little practical meaning; _one-what exactly?_\n\nThis is a somewhat foreign concept in English, but is not without precedent.\nFor instance, you need to say “one _sheet of_ paper”. Just “one paper” can be\nunderstood, but can also be misunderstood and sounds unnatural at the very\nleast. The thing in Japanese is that you need something like “sheet of” for\n_everything_ , even where it might sound redundant in English.\n\n * 紙一枚: one sheet of paper, 枚 counts flat things\n * 車一台: one car, 台 counts machines\n * りんご一個: one apple, 個 counts smallish roundish things\n * 一人: one person, 人 counts people and means “person”\n\nAnd yes, the list of counter words is [sheer\nendless](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_counter_word#Common_counters_by_category).\n\nThe thing specifically with 一人 is that it can also mean “lonely” or “only”,\nand the correct construction for “one daughter” is 娘一人 or, if you turn it\naround, 一人の娘. Just 一人娘 would mean something like “only daughter”.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T23:12:03.567",
"id": "69503",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-15T23:39:33.940",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-15T23:39:33.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "88",
"owner_user_id": "88",
"parent_id": "69499",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69499
| null |
69500
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69505",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does anyone reading this site know of any nuance(s) differentiating these two\nwords? Numerous online sites say that kakejiku is more commonly used, but I\nhave found no information about whether the words are truly synonymous, e.g.\nwith reference to size, significance, materials used, subject of the work, or\nother characteristics.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-15T22:04:13.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69502",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T05:45:32.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "27152",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"culture",
"terminology",
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "Difference between the words kakemono and kakejiku",
"view_count": 331
}
|
[
{
"body": "At least in Japanese, 掛軸(かけじく) is a type of 掛物(かけもの). 掛軸 only refers to\nhanging _scrolls_. Note the kanji 軸 (\"axis/shaft\"), which refers to scrolls in\nthis context.\n\n掛物 is much less common, but it is broadly used to refer to paintings and\ncalligraphic works that are intended to be hung on a wall. The kanji 物 is\njust \"thing(s)\" or \"one(s)\". They include 掛軸, but they may be drawn also on\n_shikishi_ , _tanzaku_ , etc.\n\n( **English** Wikipedia article for\n[_kakemono_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakemono) doesn't seem to\ndistinguish _kakemono_ and _kakejiku_ , and they are defined as **Japanese**\nhanging scrolls. The **Japanese** word 掛軸 refers to hanging scrolls in\ngeneral, and it's perfectly fine to say 中国の掛軸. I don't know how these words\nare used by English-speaking experts as **English** loanwords.)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T04:07:09.677",
"id": "69505",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T05:45:32.803",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T05:45:32.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69502",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69502
|
69505
|
69505
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to make sense of the words said by a character in a manga who talks\nin an archaic manner. I tried into account the context, the images, all to\nhelp me figure out what he is saying. \n\n> 俺を見ろ子供！世界のすべて城砦に抱く英雄たる男の背を！ \n>\n\nThe character says all this like a declaration and looking at how it's\nstructured, they remind me of lyrics a bit, which makes it tricky as I know\nhow vague they can be and sometimes have verbs or even particles omitted. The\nfact that I have seen the ~を particle at the end gave me the impression of\nsong lyrics, that's where I see it a lot in that way. \n\nI attempted to translate it even partially after I broke down all the words: \n\"Watch me/Look at me children!\" <-This was easy, then I looked towards the end\nof the sentence for 英雄たる男の背を which I can assume that the 'back of the hero' is\nconnected to the first part, the subject being 俺 and that's why I think を is\nthere at the end to mark it. \n \nFor the part here 城砦に抱く I had an image in my mind, thinking that this can be\ntaken figuratively, to sound more poetic and I translated as \"embracing like a\nfortress\" as a poetic way to say \"to protect\". \nI only thought of this possibility due to another example\n\n> この本を褒美 **に** あげる (I will give you this book as a reward) \n>\n\nIn the above sentence, what role does the に particle have there? Because I\ncould use として and it would have the same meaning and I don't think the\nparticle has that use, but that it is how I thought of it to get to my\ntranslation. \nIf it was 城砦として抱く (to embrace like/in the role of/ in the manner of a\nfortress). \n \nI really don't know if whatever I said makes any sense, if I explained\nenough...I would appreciate any opinion and interpretation if possible! \nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T05:26:26.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69506",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-28T17:06:25.537",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T06:49:18.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "22175",
"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Convoluted translation attempt 世界のすべて城砦に抱く",
"view_count": 241
}
|
[
{
"body": "The verb that corresponds to 背を is 見ろ. He rephrased 俺 with a more concrete and\ndramatic phrase, 世界のすべて城砦に抱く英雄たる男の背. Since this is not in a casual situation,\nI feel を is missing before 城砦, but it may be possible if this is recited in a\nverse-like way.\n\nSo the \"plain\" version of this sentence is:\n\n> 世界のすべて **を** 城砦に抱く英雄たる男の背を見ろ！ \n> Behold the back of the man (=俺), the hero who embraces the entire world in\n> a fortress!\n\nに in 城砦に抱く should be a kind of a destination marker (i.e., the world goes into\na fortress). For example, you can say 赤ん坊を腕に抱く.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T10:34:54.283",
"id": "69514",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T12:34:13.320",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T12:34:13.320",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69506",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69506
| null |
69514
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone help me with possible translations for this title?\n\n[僕]{ぼく}だけの[向]{む}こう[側]{がわ}: Boku dake no mukougawa\n\nAlso, can you explain why that would be the translation?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T06:29:12.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69508",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T11:54:31.903",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T11:54:31.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "18189",
"owner_user_id": "34683",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What does the title「 僕だけの向こう側」mean?",
"view_count": 131
}
|
[
{
"body": "向こう側 refers to a place beyond some landmark, e.g., 虹の向こう側 \"somewhere over the\nrainbow\", 地平線の向こう側 \"a faraway place beyond the horizon\". Judging from the\nexplanation of the book of the same title (NSFW), this word seems to\nfiguratively refer to an extremely fetish interest of 僕, a person who has\n\"gone too far\" in terms of sexual interest. I don't know what the best\ntranslation is, but the core idea is something like \"the landscape only I can\nsee\", \"I have gone this far\", \"beyond normality/sanity\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T07:05:12.490",
"id": "69509",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T07:39:37.000",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T07:39:37.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69508",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69508
| null |
69509
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69512",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "多過ぎ - too much\n\nて - Why is it there? What's its position relating the grammar?\n\n気 - Does it express intention? What does it represent exactly?\n\n張って - to fill, to do maybe?\n\nいるせいか - What is the grammatical function of this??\n\nI'm a N4 Japanese learner so it's still so confusing for me to resolve the\nsentences. Can someone analyze it?? Thank you so much for now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T07:57:11.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69511",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T09:46:59.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34644",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "やることが多過ぎて気が張っているせいか",
"view_count": 96
}
|
[
{
"body": "* 多過ぎる works as an intransitive **verb** , and 多すぎて is its te-form. This te-form describes a reason/cause. Recheck the grammar of ～過ぎる.\n * [気が張る](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%B0%97%E3%81%8C%E5%BC%B5%E3%82%8B) is a set phrase that means \"to feel nervous\", \"one's nerve is stretched\". 気が張っている is its progressive form.\n * せい is a special noun (形式名詞) which translates to \"due to\", \"because of\". (This seems to be [categorized](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%9B%E3%81%84-sei-%E3%81%9B%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7-seide-%E3%81%9B%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B-seika/) as a N3 grammar point, but it's very common in colloquial Japanese.)\n * This か is a question marker, but in this context it's like \"presumably\", \"possibly\" or \"supposedly\". See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/65697/5010).\n\n> やることが多過ぎて気が張っているせいか \n> possibly due to the fact that [someone] is being nervous because there are\n> too many things to do",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T09:46:59.143",
"id": "69512",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T09:46:59.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69511
|
69512
|
69512
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69515",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to figure out the nuance between:\n\n> 学校まで1時間 **も** 掛かります。\n\nand\n\n> 学校まで1時間掛かります。\n\nBook says it's used to express something plentiful, but I'm not sure what\nexactly that means. What is the fine difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T10:08:33.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69513",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-30T00:31:50.763",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-30T00:31:50.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34656",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Nuance when using \"も\"",
"view_count": 268
}
|
[
{
"body": "When used with quantities, も is used to add emphasis and/or emotion, whether\nin a positive or negative sense.\n\nAs such it can often be translated to mean “as much as”, “as many as” with a\npositive verb; or “as little as”, “as few as” with a negative verb.\n\nFor example, compare the following:\n\n> １万円、もらった。\n>\n> I received 10,000 yen. (neutral statement of fact)\n>\n> １万円ももらった。\n>\n> I received (as much as) 10,000 yen. (10,000 yen is a lot!)\n\nEqually...\n\n> １万円かかった。\n>\n> It cost 10,000 yen. (neutral statement of fact)\n>\n> １万円もかかった。\n>\n> It cost (as much as) 10,000 yen. (expensive!!)\n\nNote that both sentences were positive verb sentences, but the emotional\nemphasis was positive when receiving and negative when paying. The\nemphasis/emotion conveyed depends thus on the context.\n\nIn your sentence, therefore:\n\n> 学校まで１時間かかります。\n>\n> It takes an hour to (get to) school. (neutral statement of fact)\n>\n> 学校まで1時間もかかります。\n>\n> It takes (as much as) an hour to (get to) school. (Likely expressing\n> frustration that an hour is a long time to commute each way!)\n\nDoes that clarify it for you? I would recommend [Maggie Sensei’s\npost](http://maggiesensei.com/2013/10/08/japanese-particle-%E3%82%82mo-to-\nemphasize-the-number-%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%80%E2%98%85%E3%82%82%E3%80%8D/) on this\ntopic, from where those examples were drawn, if you want to look at a more in-\ndepth explanation. Hope that helps!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T10:42:33.540",
"id": "69515",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T10:42:33.540",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33435",
"parent_id": "69513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69513
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69515
|
69515
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69519",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am a beginner in Japanese and I've noticed that when two words are\ncompounded into one word the first letter of the second word changes.\n\nhira + kana = hiragana\n\nko + hayashi = kobayashi\n\nori + kami = origami\n\nThis pattern would imply that the word Katakana should be Katagana.\n\nAny ideas as to why this is ?\n\nNB. I am not referring to Kanji having different readings in Japanese. That is\na different issue. I am specifically referring to compound words where the\nfirst letter of the second word undergoes a change.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T10:45:09.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69516",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T14:32:13.613",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T13:42:51.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 40,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"pronunciation",
"compounds",
"rendaku"
],
"title": "Why is Katakana not pronounced Katagana?",
"view_count": 6525
}
|
[
{
"body": "Unfortunately I think there is no logical explanation.\n\nEven a pair of 2 identical kanjis may have \"both versions\" eg when used in\nnames.\n\nOne example is 大島 (\"big island\"), with the \"大島\" that island being southwest of\nTokyo, close to Izu peninsula is \"shima\", there is a railway station in Tokyo\nwith the same kanji, but that one is \"jima\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T13:17:58.127",
"id": "69518",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T13:17:58.127",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34261",
"parent_id": "69516",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "This phenomenon is called **連濁** (rendaku). The basic rules for rendaku can be\nfound in the following question, so please take a look at it first:\n\n * [Rules or criteria for 連濁: Voiced or unvoiced syllables in compound words](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2526/5010)\n\nNow, in addition to the rules mentioned in the linked question, there is yet\nanother rule (or \"tendency\") regarding rendaku: **there are several kanji that\ntend to block rendaku for whatever reasons**.\n\nAccording to Mark Irwin, a prefix 片- (かた; meaning \"part\", \"fragment\") is one\nof such kanji, and many words that start with 片 somehow block rendaku. See\n[this presentation\n(PDF)](http://www-h.yamagata-u.ac.jp/~irwin/site/Home_files/Rendaku%20Dampening%20%28web%20handout%29.pdf)\nfor details.\n\n * 片言 かたこと\n * 片恋 かたこい\n * 片時 かたとき\n * 片仮名 かたかな\n\n* * *\n\nLikewise, 御【お】-, 御【ご】-, 一【ひと】-, 二【ふた】-, 唐【から】- and so on tend not to accept\nrendaku:\n\n * 御酒 おさけ\n * 一葉 ひとは\n * 唐傘 からかさ\n\nSome kanji including -姫【ひめ】, -先【さき】, -浜【はま】 block rendaku when it's the second\ncomponent of a compound:\n\n * 砂浜 すなはま\n * 歌姫 うたひめ\n\nUnfortunately, even researchers do not know why these kanji block rendaku. It\nmay be worth remembering which kanji tends to block rendaku, but please keep\nin mind that there are many exceptions like 二葉（ふたば）. Ultimately, you have to\nremember each word individually.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T13:30:46.063",
"id": "69519",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T14:32:13.613",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T14:32:13.613",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69516",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 46
}
] |
69516
|
69519
|
69519
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I already know there is the adjective iroiro+na, and I've learned that, but\nrecently I've learned that iroiro+to and iroiro+no are different ways to use\n\"iroiro\", which I have not learned in class, yet I've already finished the\ncourse... I can't really find an answer online though. Any explanation will\nhelp.\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T11:53:36.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69517",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-16T03:06:29.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34616",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What are the different uses of iroiro?",
"view_count": 1049
}
|
[
{
"body": "The footnoted answer to your question leads to a distinction between the\nadjectival “-na” and adverbial “-to” suffixes.\n\nI stumbled into an expression which seems to be a hybrid. In the Netflix\nversion of 僕だけがいない街, Episode #1, Satoru’s mother tells him she’s there to help\nhim after he was injured in a traffic accident. She points out, 「いろいろと不便だべさ」.\n\nThis puzzled me “bigly“. Having said that, I think there’s a clue in this use\nof “big” as an adverb. As in, “It’s variously inconvenient.”\n\nBTW, the title of the show on Netflix is “Erased”.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-07-16T03:06:29.613",
"id": "78601",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-16T03:06:29.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39692",
"parent_id": "69517",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69517
| null |
78601
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69525",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’ve gathered that these all can be used like “just” (right?) so I’m wondering\nwhat the difference in usage is between them.\n\n> 今終わった。\n>\n> 終わったばかり。\n>\n> 終わったところ。\n\nAre these all basically the same?\n\n(also, in informal speech is it appropriate to just say ばかり and ところ by\nthemselves at the end like in my examples?)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T14:38:50.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69520",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-17T01:51:08.920",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"colloquial-language",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference between ばかり, ところ, and 今?",
"view_count": 2208
}
|
[
{
"body": "The difference between ばかり and ところ is that ばかり means you just finished, can be\n1 minute ago, 1 hour ago, 1 week, it really depends on what you are talking\nabout. ところ means this moment exactly. for example: 彼は旅行から帰ったばかりでも、また旅行する。\n(Even though he just came back from his trip, he is going on another trip.)\n帰ったところ、電話が鳴った。(the moment I got home the telephone rang)\n\nThe first example can mean that the guy came back from his trip a week ago and\nalready goes on another trip where the second example really means the moment\nyou got home.\n\nAs for 今, it just means now and can be compared to ところ, but a bit less strict\nwith it being the exact moment.\n\nThe meaning of ところ also changes with which form of verb you use (past,\npresent, future). Past tense means just finished doing it, present means in\nthe midst of, and future means just about to. 話したところ(just talked) 話すところ(going\nto talk) 話しているところ(talking)\n\nI hope this explanation makes sense and answered your question.\n\nWhen using ところ always put だ behind it, ばかり can be with or without だ.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T01:51:08.920",
"id": "69525",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-17T01:51:08.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34695",
"parent_id": "69520",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69520
|
69525
|
69525
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69523",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My question essentially boils down to the following: Is it always possible to\nassign a (regular / irregular) reading to a single kanji within some word? It\nis related to this post: [Kanji that don't use their specified\nreadings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/38728/kanji-that-dont-\nuse-their-specified-readings):\n\nThe context is somewhat technical: I'm writing software that should map a\nkanji to its reading within a certain expression. I'd like to collect all\nirregular readings for the kanji and want to know, which irregularities are\nmost common. I'm using a database of all official on/kun-readings and Jim\nBreen's dictionary and for this: For each of its ~190.000 entries, I try to\nmatch the native (kanji) expression character-wise to its reading defined in\nthe dictionary. I reuse all irregular readings that could be uniquely\ndetermined (i.e. if a single kanji remains unresolved in an expression, I use\nthe remaining reading part as irregular reading for this kanji. E.g. お兄さん ->\n兄's reading in this case is にい). I'm not sure, if this is always correct\nthough, here are some examples:\n\n今日 -> きょう (is 今[きょ]日[う] correct?)\n\n明日 -> あした (is 明[あ]日[した]correct?)\n\n越幾斯 -> えきす (is 越[え]幾[き]斯[す] correct?)\n\nAround 300 (exotic?) entries remain, where it is not possible to uniquely\ndetermine the reading of each kanji. How about the following exemplary ones:\n\n七週の祭 -> ななまわりのいわい\n\n海月 -> くらげ\n\nDo these ones have to be learned as a compound? Thanks in advance for your\nhelp!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T14:40:34.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69521",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T16:05:38.770",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34527",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Reading per kanji / irregular readings",
"view_count": 439
}
|
[
{
"body": "The short answer is no, it's not possible. \nWhile most kanji can be mapped to their most common readings, as you have\nalready shown in the question, there are exceptions where it's not so simple. \n今日 -> 今{きょ} 日{う} \n明日 -> 明{あ} 日{した}\n\nBut even in this case they can be mapped arbitrarily, right? Because it is\narbitrary, asking whether it is correct or not becomes moot. Note, however,\nthat there is no other way to divide きょう than into `きょ and う` since `き and ょう`\nis just nonsensical (I'm assuming you don't want a \"null\" kanji). So while\nthese _can_ be mapped like you have them, any mapping is going to be\narbitrary.\n\nYou have also already mentioned 熟字訓{じゅくじくん} like\n\n> 海月{くらげ}\n\nAgain, there is no \"correct\" way to map these because these kanji don't have\nthose readings, irregular or not.\n\nThe real reason I said it is not possible though, is the existence of 3-kanji\n熟字訓{じゅくじくん} with 2-kana readings. \nAs in\n\n> 大口魚{たら} \n> 桃花鳥{とき} \n> 百舌鳥{もず} \n> 五十日{いか}\n\nGranted this mostly occurs with last names, place names, and (usually)\nalternate ways of writing animal names.\n\nPlus, you have to figure out what to do with words where the same kanji\ncompound has 2 different readings (and meanings) depending on context. \nAs in\n\n> 人気{にんき} 人気{ひとけ}\n\nAnd then you have words where the order of the kanji is opposite the reading \nAs in\n\n> 不忍{しのばず}\n\nIt's the first kanji 不 that represents the last kana ず.\n\nThis word also leads to the last category of readings problematic to mapping I\ncan think of, hidden kana. Most often の, but there are others. \nAs in\n\n> 不忍池{しのばずのいけ}\n\nIt's not possible to map the second の anywhere.\n\nI think you could go a long way with just the regular/irregular readings, so\nfor practical purposes it may actually be possible. But, even some of the most\ncommon words will give you many exceptions you would have to handle on a case-\nby-case basis.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T15:57:01.720",
"id": "69523",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T16:05:38.770",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T16:05:38.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "1761",
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "69521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69521
|
69523
|
69523
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have found that many words are only used in hiragana and because of this i\ncan't seem to find a good way to learn them as i am studying words that use\nkanji due to the site i am using. Like-ごめんなさい, そうか, etc. are these type of\nwords given a type of name?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T15:40:32.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69522",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-17T04:38:20.653",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-17T04:38:20.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "23923",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"rōmaji"
],
"title": "What does one call words or phrases that cannot be or rarely refered to with kanji",
"view_count": 133
}
|
[
{
"body": "To my knowledge, there is no term that specifically means \"word usually\nwritten in kana\". In modern standard Japanese, Western-origin loanwords are\nalmost always written in katakana. Particles, adverbs and interjections tend\nto be written in hiragana. Learning words based only on kanji may not be a\ngood idea because of this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T03:27:09.803",
"id": "69526",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-17T03:27:09.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69522",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69522
| null |
69526
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The katakana form's ジ sound comes from two bases: from \"sh,\" as in \"sheep\" AND\nfrom the \"ch\" sound in \"cheese.\" When I am asked to identify the character,\nduring study, that is producing the ジ sound, I never know which answer is\ncorrect or why. Is there some kind of rule for making the distinction? Thank\nyou.\n\nHow do I know, for Katakana, whether it is シ plus ダクテン or チ plus ダクテン which is\nforming the ジ sound?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-16T18:41:11.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69524",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-16T20:15:46.433",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-16T20:15:46.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34541",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kana",
"spelling",
"phonology",
"morphology",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "Changing from \"S\" to \"Z\" sound in Katakana",
"view_count": 258
}
|
[] |
69524
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69530",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Diku_kanji#First_grade_\\(80_kanji\\)),\nthe kyōiku kanji covers 1,006 characters. There's also a reference link to the\n[Ministry of Education - Japan](http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/new-\ncs/youryou/syo/koku/001.htm) that seems to confirm this number.\n\nHowever, I recently picked up [this\nbook](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%971026%E5%AD%97%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D%E6%96%B9-%E5%9B%9B%E8%A8%82%E7%89%88-%E6%97%BA%E6%96%87%E7%A4%BE/dp/401011200X/ref=sr_1_1?__mk_ja_JP=%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A&keywords=1026%20kanji&qid=1563356750&s=gateway&sr=8-1)\nwhich teaches 1,026 kanji. Upon further research, I found additional books\nthat also teach 1,026 kanji.. [book\n1](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B-%E6%AD%A3%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B-%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%971026-%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9/dp/4053047064/ref=pd_sbs_14_2/357-5500241-0213812?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=4053047064&pd_rd_r=aa706d66-a877-11e9-9a4d-29d7ab25ea42&pd_rd_w=EDFHs&pd_rd_wg=yoorn&pf_rd_p=ad2ea29d-ea11-483c-9db2-6b5875bb9b73&pf_rd_r=KF6MJZE8RVG09QFDHMZH&psc=1&refRID=KF6MJZE8RVG09QFDHMZH),\n[book\n2](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%971026%E3%81%8C5%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E3%81%A7%E8%A6%9A%E3%81%88%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E9%9B%86-%E3%81%95%E3%81%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%A8%E5%BC%8F-%E8%A6%8B%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E6%9A%97%E8%A8%98%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9F%E8%B7%B5%E7%89%88-%E5%9D%82%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%83%E9%83%8E/dp/4804763066/ref=pd_sbs_14_1/357-5500241-0213812?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=4804763066&pd_rd_r=aa706d66-a877-11e9-9a4d-29d7ab25ea42&pd_rd_w=EDFHs&pd_rd_wg=yoorn&pf_rd_p=ad2ea29d-ea11-483c-9db2-6b5875bb9b73&pf_rd_r=KF6MJZE8RVG09QFDHMZH&psc=1&refRID=KF6MJZE8RVG09QFDHMZH),\namong others.\n\nThe publisher of the book I purchased had an older edition of the book which\ntaught only 1,006 characters.. so I'm curious if the list was officially\nupdated recently, or the authors of these books are using a different version\nof the list?\n\n> Can anyone link to a reliable source that has un updated list of the kyōiku\n> kanji? Is mext.go.jp the most reliable source?\n\nFor those curious, the # of kanji in the book by grade are as follows (with\nwikipedia #s in parenthesis for comparison):\n\n```\n\n Grade 1: 80 (80)\n Grade 2: 160 (160)\n Grade 3: 200 (200)\n Grade 4: 202 (200)\n Grade 5: 193 (185)\n Grade 6: 191 (181)\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T10:07:21.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69528",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-07T17:39:37.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Up-to-date list of Kyōiku kanji?",
"view_count": 748
}
|
[
{
"body": "As of today, I thought to add the current state of the list.\n\n4 characters moved from Grade 5 to 4:\n\n賀 群 徳 富\n\n1 character moven from Grade 6 to 4:\n\n城\n\n20 characters added to Grade 4:\n\n茨 媛 岡 潟 岐 熊 香 佐 埼 崎 滋 鹿 縄 井 沖 栃 奈 梨 阪 阜\n\n21 character moved from Grade 4 to 5:\n\n囲 紀 喜 救 型 航 告 殺 士 史 象 賞 貯 停 堂 得 毒 費 粉 脈 歴\n\n2 characters moved from Grade 4 to 6:\n\n胃 腸\n\n9 characters moved from Grade 5 to 6:\n\n恩 券 承 舌 銭 退 敵 俵 預\n\nTotally, 23 taken and 25 added to Grade 4, 13 taken and 21 added to Grade 5, 1\ntaken and 11 added to Grade 6.\n\n**Original Answer Below:**\n\nYou may find the data most easily, I believe, on Kanshudo:\n<https://www.kanshudo.com/collections/kyoiku_kanji> . According to them, the\nexpansion will happen in 2020 and involve the addition of the following kanji:\n茨媛岡潟 岐熊香佐 埼崎滋鹿 縄井沖栃 奈梨阪阜 I believe, all of these are those used in Japanese\nprefecture names.\n\nIt was not complicated to fint the initial Asahi announcement\n(<https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASJ5K4VGYJ5KUTIL02Q.html>) and, besides\nnoting that the names of the prefectures are taught in 4th Grade, it can only\nspeculate how the yearly designations will shift.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T10:45:07.563",
"id": "69530",
"last_activity_date": "2022-03-07T17:39:37.353",
"last_edit_date": "2022-03-07T17:39:37.353",
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}
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69528
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69530
|
69530
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "私としては、多数決で決めることに賛成です。 in this sentence why did we use に particle before 賛成です.\nis 賛成 here working as a noun or adjective ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-17T10:30:59.857",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "決めることに賛成です Ni particle",
"view_count": 168
}
|
[
{
"body": "This 賛成 is a noun known as a [_no-\nadjective_](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2770/5010). A no-adjective is\na noun that translates to an English adjective. Unlike ordinary nouns, no-\nadjectives and na-adjectives can be modified by adverbs (e.g., やや, かなり, とても)\nand adverbial expressions, which includes ～に.\n\nSimilar examples:\n\n * この曲は若者に人気です。 \nThis song is popular among young people.\n\n * 若者に人気の曲 \na song that is popular among young people\n\n * この風習は日本に特有です。 \nThis custom is unique to Japan.\n\n * これは日本に特有の風習です。 \nThis is a custom that is unique to Japan.\n\n賛成 also works as a plain (suru-)verb:\n\n * 多数決で決めることに賛成します。",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-17T14:35:05.523",
"id": "69534",
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{
"body": "Adding on to naruto's post, think about the meaning of 賛成: _\"agreement\"_. As a\nnoun, it can be used in the sense of _\"agreement to / with something\"_. As a\nverb with する, it becomes _\"to agree to / with something\"_. Much like the how\nthe English terms _\"agreement\"_ and _\"agree\"_ are used, where one _agrees_ or\n_is in agreement **to** or **with** something_, the Japanese requires a **に**\nto mark the \"something\" that serves as the indirect object of this verbal noun\nor verb construction.\n\nLet's look again at your sample sentence.\n\n> 私【わたし】としては、多【た】数【すう】決【けつ】で決【き】めること **[に]【●】 賛【さん】成【せい】です**。\n\nHere's one possible translation.\n\n> As for me, I **am in agreement** **[with]{●●●●}** deciding by majority vote.\n\nNote the parallel between the **に** in Japanese and the **with** in the\nEnglish. More natural phrasing in English might say something like,\n\n> For my part, I **agree [that]{●●●●}** we should decide by majority vote\n\n... in which case the **に** would align with the **that**.",
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69534
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"body": "I’m having trouble figuring out how to translate “different.”\n\nI know the words 違う and 違い but I don’t know how to incorporate those to mean\n“different” or if that would even be correct.\n\n> 「違う色がきれいだね。」\n>\n> “The different colors are pretty.”\n\nor\n\n> 「ううん、違う犬が持っている。」\n>\n> “No, they have a different dog.”\n\nI’m thinking it would be 違う used in a relative clause like “No, they have a\ndog that differs” (a different dog) but I’m not sure.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Translating “different”?",
"view_count": 291
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[
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"body": "As the point with the 1st example essentially seemed to be that it is the\ncombination of the colors that makes it look nice, one way would be to say\n\"この色の組み合わせはきれいです\". (Ie \"combination of colors\").\n\nThe 2nd example could depend even on whether the question is about\ndistinguishing between 2 dogs of same race, or 2 completely different [types\nof] dogs. (Maybe I my explanation isn't good, and it's not so black&white,\nbut, the word \"different\" could mean either:\n\n 1. \"A different one\" (\"another\", where \"one\" could be essentially identical to \"the other one\") I think [別]{べつ} works well in such case\n\n 2. \"A different kind of\" (like when saying \"this time it is different\") I think [違]{ちが}う works well in this case\n\nIf answering a question like \"Isn't that the poodle of Mr. X?\" [and that not\nbeing the case] it could be \"ちがいます、Xさんのはまた別の犬です\" [could continue with e.g.\n\"ほら、こっちのほうが大きいでしょう\"].\n\nIf asking if they had this type / race of a dog [which was not the case] it\ncould be \"いいえ、むこうはちがう犬をかっています。\" although maybe more naturally one would phrase\nit as \"their dog is different\" by saying \"むこうの犬はちがいます。\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-18T08:15:56.530",
"id": "69558",
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"body": "Based on you example I think you mean to say:\n\n> ううん、違う犬がいる。 No, (they have) a different dog.\n\n持つ does mean 'to have' as well as 'to hold'. However in terms of living\nthings, ownership is better expressed with いる as in 'to exist'.\n\nThere are actually many ways to express difference/different/being different\nand depends on what you are trying to express.\n\nOff the top of my head, two widely used ways to express 'different' would with\n違う and in addition 変わる.\n\n> 変わる ー be different (from)\n\nIf someone is confirming the type of dog, 違う would be appropriate.\n\n> 彼らプードルがいる？ Do they have a poodle? \n> ううん、違う犬がいる No, they have a different dog. (maybe a shiba-inu)\n\nAnd for example, someone is asking what type of dog, 変わる can be used.\n\n> 彼ら面白い犬がいる？ Do they have a fun/interesting dog? \n> ううん、変わった犬がいる No, they have a different/weird dog.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T08:16:39.283",
"id": "69559",
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{
"body": "別{べつ}(の) sounds like what you are looking for. It's a common word meaning\n\"different\", \"distinct\", \"separate\", and works well in a lot of situations.\n\n> 別の道{みち}を探{さが}そう。 Let's look for a different path.\n>\n> 彼は酔{よ}っ払う{ぱらう}とまるで別人{べつじん}になる。 He turns into a completely different man when\n> he's drunk.\n>\n> それとも別の味{あじ}がいいの？ Or would you prefer a different flavour?\n\n違う is usable in that way, but rarer; it tends to convey the idea that a\nprevious proposition was false, which is why it is so commonly used as\nstandalone to mean \"no\" (\"not quite\").",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-18T23:16:35.193",
"id": "69570",
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{
"body": "I don't think a single word would work for you in both cases, as they're\ndifferent contexts.\n\n_The different colors_ implies a variety of colors is what's pretty, not a\ncolor that's not the same as the current one.\n\n_They have a different dog_ isn't implying a variety of dogs, but a dog that\nisn't the same as the current one.\n\nSo, I think for the \"different colors\" where you're trying to emphasize\nvariety, you want something along the lines of いろんな or 種々{しゅじゅ｝の, so:\n\n```\n\n 「種々の色はきれい」 \n 「色んな色はきれい」\n \n```\n\nOr, just to be annoying:\n\n```\n\n 「色々の色はきれい」\n \n```\n\n:)\n\nAll three of these mean something along the lines of \"various colors are\npretty\" or \"different colors are pretty,\" which is slightly different than\nsaying \"the variety of colors is pretty:\"\n\n```\n\n 色の種類｛しゅるい｝がきれい\n \n```\n\nFor \"a different dog,\" you'd probably want to use 別の over 違う as it sounds more\nnatural to my (admittedly gaijin) ear:\n\n```\n\n 「ううん、別｛べつ｝の犬｛いぬ｝を飼｛か｝ってる」\n \n```\n\nAs an aside, your use of 持ってる implies they're literally holding a dog in their\nhands, not that they have or are keeping (飼う) a dog as a pet.",
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"creation_date": "2019-07-19T02:38:11.430",
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"score": 0
}
] |
69531
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69570
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Since plain form words can attach to つもり, we can just attach the i-adjective\n若い to it as is.\n\nWhen our plain form word is a NOUN, we'll add a の after it. And for na-\nadjectives, we add a な after them. For example, later we'll see:\n\n> 冗談{じょうだん}のつもり\n\nin this grammar rule. We attach the つもり with the plain form\n(noun,adjective,verb). Is this つもり acting as a noun, because when its attached\nwith an adjective, we place a な in between them, and with noun の.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T13:22:23.927",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "冗談のつもり the grammatical explanation",
"view_count": 111
}
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[
{
"body": "You asked a [very similar\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/69446/5010) several days ago.\nThis つもり is another 形式名詞. If you _really_ want a meaning as a noun, it would\nbe something like \"intention\", \"plan\", \"assumption\" or \"belief\". But つもり is\nusually translated into English without using these nouns.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-17T13:58:29.757",
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"score": 2
}
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69532
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69533
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69552",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching a Japanese TV show, and in the start of the episode,\nintroductions were made between two people; then later in the show, they were\nplaying a video game. In both instances, the phrase \"Hajimemashite\" was used.\n\nIs it correct to use it in the second instance? Shouldn't they have said,\n\"Hajimemashou\" instead?\n\n**Research**\n\n> How do you do?; I am glad to meet you - [はじめまして on\n> Jisho](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%88%9D%E3%82%81%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6)\n\nFrom my understanding, this is used when meeting someone for the first time.\n\n> to start; to begin; to commence; to initiate; to originate - [始めよう on\n> Jisho](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%A7%8B%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B)\n\nWhereas, this one means to begin, e.g., to start a race, game, etc.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T15:36:41.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69535",
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"owner_user_id": "34281",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between はじめまして vs 始めよう?",
"view_count": 399
}
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[
{
"body": "As the dictionary says, the two phrases are completely different, and they are\nnever interchangeable.\n\n * 初めまして is used when you meet someone for the first time. \"Nice to meet you; Glad to meet you; How do you do\"\n * 始めましょう is just \"Let's start (the show, lesson, etc)\".\n\nIt's difficult to guess what was actually happening in your video. Maybe you\nmisheard something (始まりました \"(It) started\" may sound similar if said quickly),\nor maybe they were just jokingly saying \"hello\" to a character in the game.",
"comment_count": 0,
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69535
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69552
|
69552
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{
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"body": "Which of these sentences is correct? and why?\n\n> * そこに行くことができた楽しかった\n> * そこに行くことができて楽しかった\n>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T15:59:02.310",
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"id": "69536",
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"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "34704",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"It was fun to have been able to go there\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 291
}
|
[
{
"body": "そこに行くことができて楽しかった is correct. the 楽しかった at the end makes the whole sentence\npast tense. you could also say そこに行けて楽しかった to make it a bit more casual.\n\nRather than 楽しかった Japanese people tend to use よかった to show they were happy to\nhave been able to go there/do something. so then it would become そこに行けてよかった.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T00:17:50.093",
"id": "69547",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34695",
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69536
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69547
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69540",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "私も行かないと。\n\nI understood it as \"I also won't go.\" But according to [Tae Kim's\nguide](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/define) and Google\nTranslate it is read as \"I have to go too.\" Why is that? I assume と has\nsomething to do with it since removing it gives me what I understood of it in\nthe first place or so sayeth Google Translate.\n\nFor the full context:\n\nＡ：行かなくてもいいよ。\n\nＢ：だって、みんな行くって。私も行かないと。\n\nYeah. What I understood of it does not make sense in this context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T16:05:01.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69537",
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"owner_user_id": "34703",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"negation"
],
"title": "Help explain と in this sentence",
"view_count": 113
}
|
[
{
"body": "In this context, I would interperet といけない to mean \"I must\" (because there is\nsomething you must do elsewhere etc or you have some obligation to fulfil).\n\nSo: 私も行かないと = I must also go.\n\n私も行かないと is actually a contraction of 私も行かない **といけない** or 私も行かない **といけません**.\n\nFor example:\n\n私も戻らないと → 私も戻らないといけません\n\nTae-Kim explains it here (better than me!):\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must>",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-17T17:48:26.307",
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69537
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69540
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{
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"body": "I have learnt that we can use a 普通形 before ため but I don't know whether the\ntense in 普通形 should agree with the tense in the main clause or not.\n\nThanks a lot.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T16:53:39.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69538",
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"owner_user_id": "34140",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "verb tense in ため clause",
"view_count": 148
}
|
[
{
"body": "The Japanese language is based on [relative\ntense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25376/5010).\n\nA ため-clause must be in the past tense if it describes a cause/reason that\nhappened in the past in relation to the main clause.\n\n * 風邪を **ひいた** ため学校を休みます。 \nI will take the day off school because I caught a cold.\n\n * 風邪を **ひいた** ため学校を休みました。 \nI took the day off school because I caught a cold.\n\nA ため-clause must be in the present tense if it describes the purpose of the\nmain clause (because the ため-clause describes something in the future in\nrelation to the main clause).\n\n * 映画を **見る** ため家を出ました。 \nI left home to watch a movie.\n\n * 映画を **見る** ため家を出ます。 \nI'll leave home (soon) to watch a movie.\n\nEven if you are talking about what you did yesterday, you have to use 見る\nbefore ため. 映画を見たために家を出ました is at least grammatical, but it would sound like \"I\nleft home because I had watched a move\", which usually makes little sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-17T17:06:02.013",
"id": "69539",
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}
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69538
|
69539
|
69539
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69550",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following sentence in an exercise:\n\n> インターネットで注文したセーターは、実際に着てみるまでサイズが_____が、ちょうどよかった。\n\nAlthough only B and D make sense to me, here are the four propositions:\n\n> A. 合わなかった\n>\n> B. 合うかどうか知らなかった\n>\n> C. 合わないかもしれない\n>\n> D. 合うか不安だった\n\nI picked B, but the solution was D. In both cases, I'd say the meaning is\nalong the lines of `until I actually wore it, I wasn't sure if it was going to\nfit`. My reasoning was that while both B and D are semantically correct, `不安だ`\nis rather strong, like I'm not gonna be anxious because I'm not sure if my\nsweater will fit.\n\nDo you agree with the solution, that `サイズが合うか不安だった` is the correct answer? If\nso, is B correct as well, or does it make sense at all? Or am I right to think\nthat `不安` adds a nuance that's too strong for this context?\n\nAdditionnally, I'm perplexed by `インターネットで注文したセーター`. Is it alright to use\n`注文する` when shopping online? I'm much more used to hearing and saying `注文` in\nthe context of a restaurant, but can it be used in other situations?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T21:05:42.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69543",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-18T05:18:47.950",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18582",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"questions",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "〜か知らない or 〜か不安だ",
"view_count": 247
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「インターネットで注文{ちゅうもん}したセーターは、実際{じっさい}に着{き}てみるまでサイズが_____が、ちょうどよかった。」\n>\n> A. 合{あ}わなかった\n>\n> B. 合うかどうか知{し}らなかった\n>\n> C. 合わないかもしれない\n>\n> D. 合うか不安{ふあん}だった\n\nFirst of all, A and C are out of the question as neither one logically fits\nthe context.\n\nFrom my personal experience with Japanese-learners, I know many of them would\nthink B was correct, but it is not. **B is \"grammatical\" if anything, but\ncontextually, that is not where native speakers would use the verb 「知る」 in the\nfirst place**.\n\nWhat is the other verb that means \"to know\" that you may have been wondering\nwhy native speakers use so often? It is, of course, 「わかる」. If B had read\n「合うかどうか **わからなかった** 」 instead of 「合うかどうか **知らなかった** 」, it would have been a\ncorrect answer as well.\n\nRegarding D, it is correct as is, making it the _only_ correct answer among\nthe four choices.\n\n> \"不安だ is rather strong, like I'm not gonna be anxious because I'm not sure if\n> my sweater will fit.\"\n\nIt is not necessarily strong used all by itself for us native speakers. If you\nadded qualifiers such as 「とても」、「大変{たいへん}」, etc, it would certainly be strong.\n\nFinally, 「注文」 is used to request and purchase all kinds of goods and services\nboth online and in real life. It is not only used in eateries.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-18T02:31:11.837",
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69543
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69550
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69550
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{
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"body": "Is the られる used as a honorific (some sources use \"polite\", but I assume it's a\nhonorific?) related to the passive form (perhaps it's alternative usage) or is\nit something that emerged separately? (would the difference have some\npotential impact?)\n\nFrom what I found out: \n_Passive_ \n<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation> \n\"The passive is used: (...) as a form of respectful language\"\n\n<https://cotoacademy.com/japanese-keigo/#Honorific> \n\"The honorific style can also be expressed with what is called the “easy\nkeigo” with verbs used in the passive form れる or られる\"\n\n<https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-lessons/the-honorific-form-the-humble-\nform-and-the-polite-form/.l> \n\"Alternative Form: To Use the Passive Form\" \n\"When using the passive form as a honorific form\"\n\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass#Using_passive_form_to_show_politeness> \n\"using passive form is another more polite way to express an action\"\n\nDictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar \n\"Passive verbs are also used as honorific expressions\"\n\nVersus\n\n_Not passive_ \n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/651/9719> \n\"Don't forget that there is a third conjugation of this form that is a type of\nkeigo\"\n\nAuthor of Japanese from Zero in discord: \n\"That is not passive nor is it potential. It is a high level polite.\"\n\nSo no idea who is right. It being a different usage of the passive form would\nimho make sense as it would follow the politeness through indirectness\napproach (passive somewhat feels less direct to me) ... and maybe that it\nseems less likely there would be another conjugation to just happen to end\nwith られる. But I'm not a linguist",
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"creation_date": "2019-07-17T21:10:36.920",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"passive-voice",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "られる honorific/polite versus passive origin",
"view_count": 1650
}
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[
{
"body": "One of the primary mechanics for showing politeness and respect in any\nlanguage is the use of increasingly indirect expressions. Consider the\nfollowing in English:\n\n * Gimme that\n * Give me that\n * Please give me that\n * It would be great if you gave me that\n * It would be great if you could give me that\n * It would be greatly appreciated if I could have that\n * One would be ever so appreciative if that could somehow make it into one's possession\n\nThese are contrived examples, but the basic point is that **the more indirect\nthe expression, the more polite it is**. The same point is made in the\nJapanese Wikipedia article on 敬語【けいご】, in the [敬語【けいご】の方法【ほうほう】\nsection](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E8%AA%9E#%E6%95%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)\n(emphasis mine):\n\n> 敬語の方法 \n> さまざまな言語に共通してみられる敬語の方法は\n> **[行]{●}[為]{●}[や]{●}[行]{●}[為]{●}[者]{●}[を]{●}[直]{●}[接]{●}[に]{●}[指]{●}[示]{●}[し]{●}[な]{●}[い]{●}[こ]{●}[と]{●}**\n> である。\n>\n> * 行為者の代わりにその人物がいる場所を指す名詞や指示詞を用いる。\n> * 人称を変える（二人称を三人称にするなど）。\n> * 単数を複数にする。\n> * 格標示を変える（「天皇が」→「天皇陛下におかせられては」など）。\n> * ** [受]{●}[動]{●}[態]{●}[を]{●}[用]{●}[い]{●}[る]{●}。**\n> * 迂言法を用いる（1語の動詞「読む」を「お読みになる」のように複数の語で表す）。\n>\n\nFrom what I can find regarding the derivation of the (ら)れる ending, it seems\nthat the initial meaning was one of spontaneous action: action that happens on\nits own, without an agent (i.e., it just happens, no one does it). The\nsemantic shift from \"spontaneous\" to \"passive\" is not that far, nor\nsurprising. Then, as a basic indirection technique, the use of passive forms\nto indicate politeness and respect is something that Japanese shares with many\nother languages, so this too is neither a far-reaching nor unexpected shift.\n\nAs far as your books go, I think there's some confusion -- I don't think the\nauthors are saying that (ら)れる when used as an honorific is somehow completely\nseparate from the (ら)れる that indicates the passive. I think they're instead\njust trying to emphasize that this ending has multiple meanings.\n\nConsider the English word _get_. This can mean _to receive_ : \"I get a\npresent.\" This can mean _to become_ : \"I get better.\" This can create a\npassive construction: \"I get run over.\" This can mean _to understand_ : \"I get\nwhat you're saying.\" Each of these senses are distinct, but the word _get_ in\nall of these is still the same word. Similarly, the passive, potential, and\npolite uses of (ら)れる are each distinct, but the ending (ら)れる in all of these\nis still the same ending. The fancy terms for this kind of multifarious use of\na single word or affix are\n[_polysemous_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polysemous) or\n[_polysemic_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polysemic). This is why\n[some](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/some#English)\n[dictionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/word#English)\n[entries](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enter#English)\n[get](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/get#English)\n[to](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/to#English)\n[be](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/be#English)\n[so](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/so#English)\n[big](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/big#English). :)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-17T23:58:57.410",
"id": "69545",
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69544
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69545
|
69545
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> まだ梅雨にも入っとらんというのに…\n\nI guess it just means \"We're not even in the rainy season yet\". However I\ncan't figure out how \"入る\" becomes \"入っとらん\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T01:09:14.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69548",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-19T04:59:15.213",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "What does \"とらん\" mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1050
}
|
[
{
"body": "[入]{はい}っとらん is a literary or dialectal way of saying [入]{はい}っていない. Here in\nyour example it means \"hasn't entered (into the rainy season)\" → \"(The rainy\nseason) hasn't started (yet)\".\n\n[入]{はい}っ **と** らん is a colloquial contracted pronunciation of [入]{はい}っ **てお**\nらん. \n～ **てお** る (= て-form + subsidiary verb おる(居る)) contracts to ～ **と** る in\ncolloquial speech. For more on this kind of contraction, please see: [～ておく or\n～とく for preparation (conjugation and\nnuance)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/9831).\n\n[入]{はい}っておら **ん** is the negative form of 入っておる (= [入]{はい}っている in modern\nJapanese). The ん, or ぬ in its original form, is the literary negative\nauxiliary. For the usage and meaning of ～ておらん, please see: [How to use ておらん in\nlines like 食べておらん?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/53457/9831).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-19T04:42:44.183",
"id": "69579",
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69548
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69579
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{
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"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This question popped in our exam in which you had to choose which particle was\nright. The question was:\n\n> 誕生日___母に花をあげました。\n\nwith に or まで as the options. まで didn't make sense for me and I don't know if\ngoing with に is possible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T06:38:49.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69554",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-07-18T12:42:05.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "34715",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Is it possible to have two words with the same particle in a sentence?",
"view_count": 925
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes it's perfectly possible to use the same particle twice or more in a\nsentence and even in the same clause, and it is very common.\n\nThere are some restrictions e.g., I don't think you can have the object marker\nを more than once within a single clause, but then を only has one function\n(almost). に is a particle with many different functions.\n\nYou are correct that the missing particle is に and this does not cause any\nambiguity or difficulty in understanding.\n\n> 誕生日 **に** 母 **に** 花をあげました。 \n> (I) gave flowers **to** mum **on** (her) birthday.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-18T07:29:56.687",
"id": "69555",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "It is possible to have. に has different meanings after 誕生日 and 母.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T07:30:29.637",
"id": "69556",
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},
{
"body": "Yes it is possible and repeated use of に in your sentence would be the most\ncorrect and natural way.\n\n誕生日に on my Mom's birthday (implied to be Mom's birthday based on context)\n\n母に to my Mom\n\n花をあげました I gave flowers\n\nThere is no rule that a particle cannot be repeated in a sentence and your\nsentence can be further extended.\n\n> 私の誕生日に母に花をあげて父にあげて弟にあげておばあさんにあげずに逃げました。\n>\n> On my birthday, I gave Mom flowers and I gave Dad flowers and I gave my\n> little brother flowers and without giving Grandma flowers I ran away.",
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"creation_date": "2019-07-18T07:41:16.133",
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69554
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69555
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{
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"body": "I have seen both uses in different contexts, but I'm having trouble figuring\nout in which case to use the 'no' particle!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T12:25:36.450",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"particles"
],
"title": "What's the correct translation for 'Japanese Student': 'Nihonjin gakusee' or 'Nihonjin no gakusee'?",
"view_count": 2501
}
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[
{
"body": "の it is a particle. の-to show possession, of etc... refer this link:[enter\nlink description here](https://www.punipunijapan.com/grammar-\nlesson-3-particle-%E3%81%AE-no/)\n\neg: japanese student- 日本人学生(nihonjin gakusei) student of japan - 日本の学生(nihon\nno gakusei)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T09:58:44.773",
"id": "69582",
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69560
| null |
69582
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{
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"body": "> Nouvelle-Calédonieで繰り広げるロードトリップはウェブ動画でも配信\n\nIn this sentence, why did we end the sentence at 配信? What does this mean?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T12:33:48.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69561",
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"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "配信 sentence construction problem",
"view_count": 150
}
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[
{
"body": "I would like to use the definition No.2 below. And probably the program is\nbroadcasted on TV and you can watch it also on the website of TV station since\nit is a little bit unusual to imagine that individuals to broadcast their\nroad-trip at \"[Nouvelle-\nCalédonie](https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=Nouvelle-\nCal%C3%A9donie&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8)\" due to the cost.\n\n\"配信\" does not imply live-streaming and you need to say \"生配信\" or \"生中継{なまちゅうけい}\"\nfor live-streaming at least in my use.\n\nAccording to [コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%85%8D%E4%BF%A1-598864)\n\n 1. 通信社・新聞社・放送局などが、入手した情報やニュースを支社や他のマスコミ機関・官庁・企業などに配送すること。通信社が新聞社・放送局に、新聞社の本社から支社へ、放送局の親局から地域局へ、記事・番組などを送ること。\n\n 2. インターネットを利用して、企業や個人が動画や音楽、情報などを送信すること。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T14:24:09.037",
"id": "69587",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-19T14:24:09.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34735",
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69561
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69587
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{
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"body": "Suppose we take おそれがある, we can use it with either noun or a verb:\n\n> V る ＋ おそれがある \n> N ＋ の ＋ おそれがある\n\nand on the other hand if we take に違いない, we can use it with\neverything(noun,adjective and adverb)\n\nPlain Form Whatever ＋ に違いない must be [whatever]; (I'll)\n\nI feel that somehow I can also construct おそれがある along with an adjective but\nthe sentence will be grammatically wrong as it's mentioned that おそれがある can\nonly be used with nouns and verbs.My question is, how can I remember which\ngrammar forms I can use with noun-verb or noun-adjective-verb or only verb ??\nDo I have to memorize everything or is their any logic",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "distinguish between grammar patterns and how to remember them",
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[
{
"body": "There seems to be no problem with using adjectives with this construct.\n\nAn example from 'A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar':\n\n> 測定誤差が大きい恐れがある。 \n> We are worried that the measurement errors may be large.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-19T07:58:17.800",
"id": "69580",
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"body": "I think you may be confused about the sentence 恐れがある.\n\n恐れがある is comprised of two (3 if you are picky about it) parts.\n\n> 恐れ + が + ある\n\n恐れ is a noun. が is a particle to and helps us describe 'what is it about 恐れ?'\nwhich is ある.\n\nBecause 恐れ is a noun, you can attach a verb or a particle (like の and link\nmore nouns) or an adjective to the front of it. I am not sure which source you\nare reading that an adjective can not be used in front of it, as that is not\ntrue. You can describe 'what kind of 恐れ?' with many adjectives/verbs.\n\n> 嬉しい恐れ - a happy fear (kind of weird)\n>\n> 足が震える恐れ - a fear that makes my legs tremble\n>\n> ケーキが食べられた恐れ - a fear that the cake has been eaten\n\nLanguage can be very confusing and always has exceptions, but to the best of\nmy knowledge the above are universal rules.",
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"creation_date": "2019-07-19T09:42:04.400",
"id": "69581",
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"body": "Good question! My gut was telling me an isolated adjective would not work with\n恐れがある. Checking a formal definition, it indicates \"fear that something\nunfavourable might happen\":\n\n[悪いことが発生するのではないかと推測されるさまを表す語。](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%81%90%E3%82%8C%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B)\n\nAnd I think this is the crux of it:\n\n**恐れがある is preceded by an event.**\n\nA noun or verb may readily designate an event, but an adjective would have to\ndescribe one in order to fit.\n\n> 大雨{おおあめ}の恐れがあります。 There is a risk of heavy rain.\n>\n> この暗号{あんごう}方法{ほうほう}は破{やぶ}られるおそれがある。 I fear this encryption method may get\n> cracked.\n>\n> 交渉{こうしょう}は激{はげ}しい恐れがございます。 We fear the negociations might turn out to be\n> heated.",
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"creation_date": "2019-07-19T10:38:22.490",
"id": "69584",
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69563
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69584
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{
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"body": "I remember reading a bit about this topic in the answer of another post, but I\nspecifically wanted to make this its own question:\n\nIt seems to make sense that \"to know\" is typically 知っている, because 知る by itself\nonly means something along the lines of \"to get to know\". But going with that\nmeaning, I can't quite grasp the logic behind \"not knowing\" being 知らない as\nopposed to, let's say, 知っていない.\n\nIs there a good explanation for this? For example, 知る actually having a much\nbroader meaning than what I described?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-18T16:25:03.527",
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"id": "69564",
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"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Why is \"not knowing\" 知らない and not e.g. 知っていない?",
"view_count": 1266
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is easy to misunderstand because the Vている form can mean a few things.\nHere are two that you're probably aware of:\n\n 1. Doing something or a continuous activity i.e.: running 走っている, eating 食べている, walking 歩いている, thinking 考えている\n 2. A state i.e.: the door is open ドアが開いている, the cup is broken コップが割れている（われている）\n\nIt might be easier to think of 知っている as a verb that falls under the 1st\ncategory. As it's a continuous activity, then you can't be in a certain state\nif you haven't started it (i.e if you don't know something). I hope this makes\nsense!\n\nAlso, once you know something, you can't un-know it or stop knowing it. So\nwhile you can say to express the current state of something: \n走っている \n走っていない\n\nドアが開いている \nドアが開いていない\n\n...It would be strange to say 知っていない。\n\nExamples:\n\n> 生徒１: 先生はどこに行ったのか、知っている？ \n> 生徒２：ごめん、知らない。\n>\n> 生徒１：明日は授業（じゅぎょう）がないよ。 \n> 生徒２：知っている。 \n> 生徒３：それは知らなかった。（しかし、今は知っている）\n\nNote that 知らなかった is used, not 知っていなかった。This also reflects the verb being a\ncontinuous activity.\n\nN.B. Just to make things more confusing, all of the below are used in Japanese\nand I just memorised them after failing to find a good explanation: \nわかる (to understand) \nわからない (negative form) \nわかっていない (te-iru form)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T17:07:07.007",
"id": "69565",
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"score": 2
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69567",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TKdu7.jpg)\n\nI just started learning Japanese a few days ago.. so far in the process, do\nyou think that my writing is good or easy to read? I am trying to learn, on my\nown, the hiragana and katakana characters at the same time.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T18:42:53.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69566",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-18T18:59:30.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34724",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"hiragana",
"learning",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Is my hiragana/katakana handwriting good or understandable?",
"view_count": 1320
}
|
[
{
"body": "Only real issue is that your ク looks a bit like カ, everything else is legible.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T18:59:30.950",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69574",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rBNXy.png)\n\n> 小島：塾なんかやめればいーじゃん \n> オレ家庭教師にしたぜ\n>\n> 伊藤：うざいんだ 家庭教師って \n> 部屋で2人っきり **てのがどーも** な\n\nI am struggling with the bolded phrase, I think he says something to the\nmeaning of \"What are you going to do with just two people in a room\" but think\nI may be missing something because I am not sure if どーも can be interpreted\nthat way since I can't find a use case.\n\nて I think might be short for という but in that case I would expect って so I am\nnot 100% sure about that either.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-18T23:17:48.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69571",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-15T15:21:50.497",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"contractions"
],
"title": "部屋で2人っきりてのがどーもな。 Understanding this て and the meaning of this どーも",
"view_count": 725
}
|
[
{
"body": "The dictionary form of:\n\n> 「～～てのがどーも」\n\nwould be:\n\n> 「～～というのがどうも」\n\nIn this context, 「どうも」 is used for an ambiguous expression of a (somewhat)\n**negative** feeling. It is similar in meaning to 「なんだか」、「ちょっと」 or 「なんとなく」.\nThis 「どうも」 is used quite often in informal speech as it saves us the trouble\nof selecting adjectives, verb phrases, etc. with more precise or concrete\nmeanings.\n\nHere are the definitions for this usage of 「どうも」 from two monolingual\ndictionaries. The key phrase for both is 「はっきりはしない」.\n\n広辞苑: ②はっきりはしないが、どことなく。何だか。何かしら。\n\n明鏡国語辞典: ❶\nはっきり断定{だんてい}できるわけではないが、なんとなくそのような状況{じょうきょう}だと感{かん}じられる気持{きも}ちを表{あらわ}す。なんとしても。どう考{かんが}えても。なんだか。\n\nFor a translation, I might use \" _ **dunno how to put it, but it's kinda\nmeh**_ (to me)\" or simply, \" _ **It's kinda..., y'know**_.\"\n\nThus, this speaker is implying that the idea of being alone with a private\ntutor in a room does not appeal to him.\n\nFinally, 「て」 surely means the same as 「って」 and 「という」 here. In colloquial\nspeech, some young people use 「て」 instead of 「って」 in recent years.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T00:17:17.280",
"id": "69574",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69575",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm trying to translate the following English into Japanese:\n\n_\"The only thing more troubling than the silence were the whispers that\nfollowed.\"_\n\nWhat I've come up with is:\n\n> 沈黙{ちんもく｝より悩｛なや｝ましいのは継｛つ｝ぐささやきだけだった。\n\nBut it feels clunky. Would something like:\n\n> 沈黙{ちんもく｝より悩｛なや｝ましいのは継｛つ｝ぐささやきしかなかった。\n\nBe better, or should I change the grammatical structure of the sentence to\nsomething else entirely?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T00:13:47.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69573",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-19T02:11:41.007",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-19T02:11:41.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "12033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Is this phrase a grammatically correct translation?",
"view_count": 507
}
|
[
{
"body": "> \"The only thing more troubling than the silence were the whispers that\n> followed.\"\n>\n> 沈黙 {ちんもく} より悩 {なや} ましいのは継 {つ} ぐささやきだけだった。\n>\n> 沈黙 より悩 ましいのは継 ぐささやきしかなかった。\n\n**Your grammar is good, period**. It is the couple of word choices that would\nneed to be improved -- 「悩ましい」 and 「継ぐ」, especially the latter. (I will be\ndiscussing yet another word choice later.)\n\n「継ぐささやき」 simply would **not** be understood by Japanese-speakers unless they\nread your English original as well. The verb to be used instead would be\n「続{つづ}く」 and it should be used in the form 「それに続く」 with 「それ」 referring to\n「沈黙」.\n\nNext, 「悩ましい」.\n\nWhile I will not call it the wrong word per se, a more natural word choice\nmight be 「煩{わずら}わしい」 at least for us native speakers.\n\nThe third word choice that I feel like mentioning is 「ささやき」. While I could not\ncall it incorrect or anything, I would wonder why you would want to use a nice\nand generally positive word here when it is the thing that is bothering you. I\nwould personally use 「ひそひそ話」, but it would depend on the larger\ncontext/situation in which this sentence appears.\n\nPut it all together and one would have:\n\n> 「沈黙より煩わしいのは、それに続くひそひそ話だけだった。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T01:23:48.710",
"id": "69575",
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},
{
"body": "Both sentences are at least \"grammatically\" correct, but ～しかない sounds like\nthis person wants more troubling things than just a whisper. I suppose that's\nnot what you want to say. In addition, this 継ぐ is too simple and confusing.\nYou should say 沈黙に継ぐ, 後に続いて聞こえてくる, etc.\n\n> The only thing more troubling than the silence were the whispers that\n> followed. \n> 沈黙より悩ましいのは続いて聞こえてくるささやきだけだった。\n\nNow, aside from grammar, this sentence still doesn't make much sense to me\nbecause a whisper is not usually a bothering thing. Do you really want to say\nささやき, not 溜息 (\"sigh\") or something? If ささやき is the correct choice, you'll need\nto explain why this ささやき was troubling in another sentence. If you're going to\nprovide the content of ささやき in the next sentence, this だけ seems a little\nconfusing. If that is the case, you can try something like this:\n\n> しかし(彼にとって)唯一問題だったのは、沈黙よりもその後に聞こえてきたささやきだったのだ。「～(content of the troubling\n> whisper)～」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T01:35:17.163",
"id": "69576",
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}
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69588",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference in nuance between 完成に努{つと}めるand 完成に努{つとむ}むる? I heard\n努むる{つとむむる} and it threw me as I had never heard it before.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T10:21:54.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69583",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-19T17:54:22.770",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-19T12:01:48.460",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12108",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "努める and 努むる nuance differences",
"view_count": 193
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you have context, that would be most appreciated. つとむ(む)る could reflect a\nspecific Okinawan form, or it might be a remnant of the earlier つとむる form as\npart of the regular shift in the 下【しも】二【に】段【だん】活【かつ】用【よう】 pattern to the\nmodern 下【しも】一【いち】段【だん】活【かつ】用【よう】 pattern, possibly as a dialectal remnant, or\nas a deliberate archaism.\n\n## What we call \"Okinawan\"\n\nFor Okinawa proper (not the other islands like Amami or Yonaguni, about which\nI know very little), I've learned that there are two different language\nvarieties called \"Okinawan\" in English: Okinawan as the modern form of the\nancient language brought to the island by initial settlers, which appears to\nbe dying out; and Okinawan as the local dialectal variant of mainland\nJapanese. I've also learned that the two are quite different, with the\ndialectal variant apparently much easier to learn for speakers of the mainland\nstandard. See also the Wikipedia articles for [Okinawan\nlanguage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawan_language) and [Okinawan\nJapanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawan_Japanese) (the dialect based\non mainland Japanese). For purposes of this thread, I use the term \"Okinawan\"\nto refer to the distinct language, and \"dialect\" to refer to the dialect based\non mainland Japanese.\n\n## Possible Okinawan term\n\nFrom what I've been able to find in materials provided by the [国立国語研究所\n(National Institute of Japanese Language and\nLinguistics)](https://mmsrv.ninjal.ac.jp/okinawago/), the Okinawan cognate to\nmainland Japanese _tsutomeru_ is listed as _CitumijuN_ , where the _C_\nrepresents the [voiceless palatal\nfricative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative), as\nheard in the \"H\" of mainland Japanese ひと, _j_ represents the [palatal\napproximant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_approximant), as heard in\nthe \"Y\" of English _yet_ , and _N_ represents the moraic nasal spelled ん in\nmainland kana usage. Depending on the audio quality, I can imagine that this\nmight sound a bit like つとむむる.\n\n## Possible archaism or dialectal remnant\n\nIf the doubled-む is a mistake (perhaps a mis-hearing, or a stutter, or bad\naudio, etc.), then the verb form in question might be つとむる. This means the\nsame thing as modern つとめる, but depending on the speaker it could have\ndialectal overtones, and if this was a deliberate shift (where they usually\nuse つとめる in everyday life but used つとむる here as an intentional deviation from\nnormal use) it might be \"old-timey\", poetic, formal, or just plain archaic.\n\n### The shift in conjugated forms for modern つとめる\n\nThe 下【しも】二【に】段【だん】 to 下【しも】一【いち】段【だん】 shift for this verb つとめる started from\nold つとむ as the terminal form (終【しゅう】止【し】形【けい】). This merged with つとむる,\noriginally the attributive / adnominal form (連【れん】体【たい】形【けい】), some time\naround the Ashikaga or Muromachi periods. Then some time since 1603, the first\n//-u-// in the //-uru// terminal ending unified with the //-e-// of the\nincomplete (未【み】然【ぜん】形【けい】), continuative (連【れん】用【よう】形【けい】), and imperative\n(命【めい】令【れい】形【けい】) forms, giving us modern つとめる.\n\nIf you can read Japanese, see also\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/下二段活用](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8)\nand\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/下一段活用](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8).\nSee also [the entry for _tsutomuru_ in the 1603 _Nippo Jisho_ Japanese-\nPortuguese\ndictionary](https://books.google.com/books?id=TFJAAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22eta%22&pg=PP503#v=onepage&q=%22eta%22&f=false0).\nLook for the yellow highlighting. The entry headline is:\n\n> Tçutome, uru, eta.\n\nAll content uses Portuguese spellings from 1603, where **tçu** equates to\nmodern romaji **tsu** , **x** equates to modern romaji **sh** , etc. Also,\nthis dictionary's entries for verbs give the continuative form first, followed\nby the terminal / attributive, and then the past tense. So this headline can\nbe interpreted as:\n\n> つとめ（連用形）、つとむる（終止形・連体形）、つとめた（過去形）\n\n## Conclusion\n\nWithout more context, we can't really say for sure. The above should give you\na good background as a starting point.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T17:54:22.770",
"id": "69588",
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] |
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69586",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I see 初級 Written mostly in books which mean beginner or elementary level, the\nother two were written on the same page for a drawing course i fould online as\n\"入門者向け\" and \"初心者向け\", but i don't see any difference between the 3 and how to\nproperly use them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T11:40:44.937",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69585",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-19T11:59:07.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32787",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 初心者, 入門者 and 初級者",
"view_count": 295
}
|
[
{
"body": "\"入門者向け\" is used when you should be instructed by teacher , instructor, person\nwho can teach properly.\n\n\"初心者向け\" can be used by when you have just started to practice sports, video\ngames, etc. When you use it, you do not need a person who certify your level\nof sports, video games, etc.\n\n\"初級者向け\" is used when the level of something already set, such as books of\nkanji handwritings, ski courses and so on.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T11:59:07.757",
"id": "69586",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "70365",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I got involved with tokenization (mecab, kuromoji) and got confused as to what\na \"word\" is in the Japanese language.\n\n**Scenario 1:**\n\n\"たべません\" analyzed by a tokenizer, outputs the following tokens:\n\n```\n\n たべ 動詞,自立,*,* たべる\n ませ 助動詞,*,*,* ます\n ん 助動詞,*,*,* ん\n \n```\n\nWhile the result outputs 3 token, I think generally it would be considered a\nsingle word. In this case the word \"たべません\" would consist of a verb and 2\nauxilary verbs (助動詞) attached to it.\n\n**Scenario 2:**\n\n\"たべています\" analyzed by a tokenizer, outputs the following tokens:\n\n```\n\n たべ 動詞,自立,*,* たべる\n て 助詞,接続助詞,*,* て\n い 動詞,非自立,*,* いる\n ます 助動詞,*,*,* ます\n \n```\n\nI think usually \"たべています\" would be considered as two seperate words \"たべて\" and\n\"います\". In this case the word \"たべて\" consists of a verb and a particle (助詞) and\n\"います\" consists of a dependend (非自立) verb with an auxilary verb attached to it.\n\n**Scenario 3:**\n\n\"たべてて\" (a contraction of \"たべていて\") analyzed by a tokenizer, outputs the\nfollowing tokens:\n\n```\n\n たべ 動詞,自立,*,* たべる\n て 動詞,非自立,*,* てる\n て 助詞,接続助詞,*,* て\n \n```\n\nWhile I think that \"たべていて\" would be seperated as \"たべて\" and \"いて\", I have no\nclue what to do with \"たべてて\". Following the logic from scenario 2, I would say\nwe should split at the てる as it is a dependent verb, just like the \"います\" was\nin scenario 2. On the other hand it seems inconsistent to me, that we would\nend up with \"たべ\" by itself...\n\n**Scenario 4:**\n\n\"たべながら\" analyzed by a tokenizer, outputs the following tokens:\n\n```\n\n たべ 動詞,自立,*,* たべる タベ タベ\n ながら 助詞,接続助詞,*,* ながら ナガラ ナガラ\n \n```\n\nI think usually \"たべながら\"would be considered as two seperate words \"たべ\" and\n\"ながら\". However this would contradict the logic in scenario 1, since \"ながら\" is\nclassified as particle (助詞),just like \"て\".\n\n**Conclusion and Problem**\n\nAs pointed out in scenario 3 and 4, I can't come up with a good and consistent\nway to split \"words\" in Japanese.\n\nI want to programmatically process big amounts of text with meaningful\nresults. If I consider every token a single word, the data would end up beeing\nconfusing and unpresentable. On the other hand if I include every particle and\nhelper verb into a single word, I would end up with far too many unique words.\n\nI am hoping you can show me a middle ground between both extremes.\n\nIs my intuition bad as far as the suggested \"splits\" go? Am I missing some\nimportant rule here? Are the tokenizer results debatable? Or is there simply\nno hope?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-19T18:37:11.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69590",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-27T03:39:19.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34367",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"particles",
"syntax",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Are there any consistent rules as to how to distinguish words in Japanese?",
"view_count": 376
}
|
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{
"body": "What constitutes a “word” is very different depending on different contexts.\nFor example, studies based on intonation show that most English speakers\nconsider “high school” to be a single word, despite it being written as two in\nthe orthography. In English splitting words is usually done based on the\nspelling, which makes the problem a lot easier. In Japanese, there are many\ndifferent possible ways to split text into words, none of which are\nnecessarily the most correct. To complicate things even more, in Japanese\nparticles are usually considered clitics that attach to the word before them\nby native speakers, and thus are written with no space before them; a Japanese\nperson asked to write Japanese with spaces would be more likely to write 魚を\nthan 魚 を.\n\nSo, if you want a consistent way to split Japanese into words that makes sense\nto everyone (or just most people), you aren't going to find it. However, if\nyou're programmatically splitting this because you're going to process it in\nsome further computation, the important thing is that you pick a consistent\ndefinition of what constitutes a word and stick to it. The easiest solution to\nwork with in my mind would be to consider verb and adjective conjugations part\nof the word that comes before them (and I would personally consider something\nlike the iru in -teiru to be part of the same word, but this is really up for\ndebate), and to consider particles as separate words, as this is probably\neasier to work with. If you're looking to transform sentences in ways which\nare grammatically meaningful (I'm still not entirely sure what it is that\nyou're trying to do with these split words), simply splitting into words might\nnot be sufficient and you might need to get into syntax trees, but hopefully\nyou won't need that for your use case as it is a pretty enormous task to write\nsoftware that can analyze natural language that way.",
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"body": "You are seeing the difference between 日本語文法 taught at Japanese-as-a-second-\nlanguage (JSL) school and 国語文法/学校文法 used by native Japanese speakers. The\noutputs of tokenizers made by Japanese developers naturally follow the latter.\nFor instance, 食べません is generally considered a single (conjugated) word by JSL\nlearners, but it's generally considered as having three words in Japan.\nJapanese monolingual dictionaries like 広辞苑 treat て/で, ます, ん and so on as\n\"words\", not part of a conjugation. There is no such a thing as te-form in\n国語文法.\n\n * [Auxiliary verbs in Japanese](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/63351/5010)\n * [Does \"te-form\" of a verb always include て/で? Why?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36310/5010) \n(This question was made by me, a native Japanese speaker, when I was ignorant\nof the difference)\n\n * [Random Japanese / 活用](https://grapefruitcake.tumblr.com/post/145712193913/%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8-conjugation)\n * [Isn't a tag \"auxiliary verbs\" or \"jyodoushi\" necessary?](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/q/1858/5010)\n\n* * *\n\nRegarding 食べてて, it's a contracted form of 食べていて, which is _four_ words\naccording to 国語文法:\n\n * 食べ: [連用形](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/65953/5010) of the verb 食べる\n * て: 接続助詞\n * い: 連用形 of the verb いる (used as a subsidiary verb to express progressive aspect)\n * て: 接続助詞\n\nThe contracted form 食べてて no longer includes い, but it is semantically\nimportant, and a tokenizer cannot ignore it just because it's visually\nnonexistent. To address this issue, the tokenizer introduced a \"utility\" or\n\"quasi-auxiliary\" verb `てる`, which is essentially a single-word shortened\nversion of two-word `て + いる`. With this, 食べてて can be cleanly tokenized without\nlosing or adding something:\n\n * 食べ: 連用形 of the verb 食べる\n * て: 連用形 of the \"utility verb\" てる\n * て: 接続助詞\n\nI think similar \"utility verbs\" are used to tokenize other contractions like\n(食べ)とく, (食べ)ちゃう and (食べ)たげる. (I tentatively called them \"utility verbs\", but\nthere may be a better name.) Note that てる, とく, ちゃう, たげる and so on belong to no\ntraditional word class, just as you cannot classify English contractions like\n_d'you_ , _it'll_ and _aren't_.",
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"body": "I'm guessing this will come across as two questions, but their interrelation\nis important...\n\nIs there a specific word for the game where you toss a horseshoe at a peg (in\nEnglish just called horseshoes)?\n\nObviously a literal translation would be 蹄鉄｛ていてつ}, but would a native speaker\nunderstand it in context of the game, i.e. 蹄鉄を遊ぶ or 蹄鉄やろう, or in an even more\ncomplex context such as \"'close enough' only counts in horseshoes,\" even if\nthey weren't directly aware of the English idiom, such as:\n\n```\n\n いい線とは蹄鉄と州榴弾しか関係ない。\n \n```\n\n(\"Close enough only matters with horseshoes and hand grenades\")\n\nOr perhaps:\n\n```\n\n 「ほとんど」とは蹄鉄と手榴弾しか関係ない。\n \n```\n\n(\"'Almost' only matters with horseshoes and hand grenades\")\n\nNote that I'm not looking for a similar idiom in Japanese, I'm looking for a\ndirect translation of the English, even if it sounds awkward, so long as the\nlistener knows about the game horseshoes and that being close but missing\nstill counts.\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nBased on the answers given so far, I've come up with the following dialog for\ntwo characters in a story and would like to know if it makes sense:\n\n```\n\n 「あのつちぐもにほとんど食われそうだったのにあんたいい機嫌だよね、カレン。」\n \n 「アメリカではとあることわざがある。ほとんどって言葉はホースシューズと手榴弾の場合でしか関係ない。\n まぁ、翻訳で少し何かがなくしたかもね。。。」とカレンは頑張って訳試して見た。\n \n 「骨子ぐらい分かったわよ。つまり、いくら惜しくても外れは外れ\n 当たらなければ何にもならないってことか？」とのぞみは答えた。\n \n 「そう、そう！何が起こったことでもあろうと、あの化け物に食われなかったら問題なし！」\n \n```",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Is there a Japanese word for the game \"horseshoes?\"",
"view_count": 292
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"body": "Regarding the initial non-idiomatic question,\n\n> Is there a Japanese word for the game “horseshoes?”\n\nYes.\n\n * [Per Eijirō](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=horseshoe), 蹄【てい】鉄【てつ】投【な】げ遊【あそ】び is one option.\n * [Per the Japanese Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B9%84%E9%89%84#%E9%81%8A%E3%81%B3%E9%81%93%E5%85%B7%E3%81%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AE%E8%B9%84%E9%89%84), just katakana-ize it to ホースシューズ.",
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"body": "Horseshoes hadn't be used until Meiji in Japan, naturally no specific word for\nthe horseshoe-tossing game. You can just literally say 蹄鉄投げ. FYI in the video\ngame Rimworld, an item [_horseshoes\npin_](https://rimworldwiki.com/wiki/Horseshoes_pin) is translated\n[輪投げのピン](https://wikiwiki.jp/rimworld/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%86%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC#dcc731c4)\n\"hoop toss pin\" which sounds way more familiar than the horseshoes, though the\ndescription and the graphic clearly tell that it's actually horseshoes that\nare thrown.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JeNoB.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XiHyG.png)\n\nNote that traditional 輪投げ usually requires hoops to be thrown exactly over the\npin, so... close doesn't count.\n\nFor that reason or not, there's no idiom like \"Close enough only matters with\nhorseshoes and hand grenades\" if I'm correct that this literal situation is\nthe moral of the phrase. You have to explain, and what is worse, English\n\"close\" and \"almost\" in this sense is fairly ambiguous in Japanese, so you\naren't likely to get the sole versatile translation. In the first place it\ndivides into whether \"missing\" is undesired:\n\n> 惜しいが通用するのは蹄鉄投げと手榴弾だけ \n> （蹄鉄投げの）蹄鉄と手榴弾以外は当たらないと話にならない\n\nor desired:\n\n> （蹄鉄投げの）蹄鉄と手榴弾以外は当たらなければどうということはない \n> （蹄鉄投げの）蹄鉄と手榴弾以外はかすらなければ全部同じ\n\n( **Edit** : Though those sentences let listeners infer that horseshoes is\nsomething \"counts even if missing\", the fact is not known a priori to the\naverage Japanese. Darts and curling might be better examples of such games for\nthe purpose of explanation to Japanese.)\n\n**Edit 2** :\n\nTranslation in context is nothing like the sum of that of individual words. I\nprovide a natural version of your sample dialog, please see how the\nexplanation above is inapplicable without context:\n\n> 「カレン、あんたあのつちぐもにあと一歩で食われるところだったのに上機嫌ね」\n>\n> 「アメリカにはこんなことわざがあってね。『蹄鉄投げと手榴弾でなければ、あと一歩かどうかは関係ない』 \n> まぁ、翻訳じゃ伝わらないかもしれないけど」 \n> カレンは頑張って訳をひねり出して言った。\n>\n> 「雰囲気ぐらいは分かったわよ。つまりいくらギリギリでも、そうならなかったら全部同じってことでしょ？」とのぞみは答えた。\n>\n> 「そう、そう！途中何があろうと、あの化け物に食われなかったんだから問題なし！」",
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fR2pR.jpg)\n\nI saw this in my Genki I book and I don’t quite understand how to use でもあります.\nAlso, how would I say this informally? パットはアメリカ人でもある？",
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"creation_date": "2019-07-20T00:03:14.150",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words",
"particles",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Explanation of でもあります？",
"view_count": 135
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69594
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"body": "ごほーし meaning? 18+? I know that's lewd vocabulary but I dont what does it mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-20T07:22:27.643",
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"tags": [
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"title": "ごほーし meaning? 18+?",
"view_count": 261
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"body": "The word itself is nothing lewd. It's an intentional nonstandard spelling of\nご奉仕【ほうし】 \"serve / service to _somebody_ \". ご is the polite/humble prefix that\nusually doesn't translate into anything in English.\n\nFor the connotation of using the long vowel mark instead of う, see:\n\n * [Why is it spelled やっほー instead of やっほう?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62676/7810)\n * [ー vs small kana vs long kana for writing long vowels](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15062/7810)",
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"body": "My book lists a number of kinds of fishes and sea creatures.\n\nThe names are given in hiragana for all except that for squid for which it is\ngiven in katakana. イカ\n\nDoes the word _ika_ come from another language and if so what language ?",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-20T12:07:18.280",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Does the word for squid (ika) come from another language?",
"view_count": 1044
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"body": "I understand squid written in hiragana like\n[いかのレシピ｜キッコーマン｜ホームクッキング](https://www.kikkoman.co.jp/homecook/series/ika02.html).\n\nAccording to the explanation of [由来・語源辞典](http://yain.jp/i/%E7%83%8F%E8%B3%8A)\nbelow, there are several theories and its etymology is still not clear. It may\ncome from the idea that squid seem to be solemn : \"厳{いかめ}しい\", or seem to be\nangry : \"怒{いか}っている\".\n\nI see it is also written in kanji : 烏賊{いか}. The dictionary says of why they\nare written like that that there exists Chinese Proverb like so : Since the\nsquid is always floating on the water and the crows think he is dead, as they\nare about to eat him, the squid reaches with his arms, and the crows become\nhis prey on the contrary.\n\nSo the 烏:crow + 賊:enemies. I am not sure whether it is also used for squid in\nChinese.\n\n>\n> イカの語源については諸説あり、はっきりしない。いかめしい形をしているからとする説や、怒った形をしているからとする説、「い」は白で「か」は堅い意とする説などがある。\n> なお、漢字で「烏賊」と書くのは、イカはいつも水面に浮かんでいて、それを死んでいると思ったカラスが捕らえようとすると、腕を伸ばして鳥が逆にイカの餌食になってしまうという中国での言い伝えによる。",
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"body": "### Does the word for squid ( _ika_ ) come from another language?\n\nAdding on to kimi Tanaka's answer, I see in [the 日本国語大辞典 entry\nhere](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%83%8F%E8%B3%8A-430852#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8)\nthat the word _ika_ appeared in the 播【はり】磨【ま】風【ふ】土【ど】記【き】 of 715. There aren't\nmany long-form Japanese texts older than this, so we can say with some\ncertainty that, if this were a borrowing, it would have been borrowed during\nthe [Old Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Japanese) or [Proto-\nJaponic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonic_languages#Proto-language)\nstages of the language.\n\n### Why is _ika_ written in katakana?\n\nThis question arises from your comments.\n\nThere are various terms that are written in katakana despite being native-\nJapanese terms. Another example is アリ (\"ant\"). Years ago when on a university\nhomestay in Japan, a friend of mine was asked by her hostbrother what English\nword アリ came from. He was convinced that it was a borrowing, since it was\nwritten in katakana so often. However, it's a native-Japanese term -- it's\nonly written in kana because the kanji is unusual and hard to remember, and it\ninconveniently has a lot of strokes: 蟻.\n\nI suspect that 烏賊 might be written as イカ for similar reasons.",
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"body": "In English, abbreviated sentence structure can convey contempt, disgust,\nanger, etc. — \"I'm a doctor, not a mechanic\" has a much stronger impact than\n\"I am a doctor. I am not a mechanic.\" Articles also strengthen impact - \"I am\nthe doctor\" carries a strong implication, while \"I am a doctor\" is very mild.\n\nHow does that impact translate to Japanese, where negation is tied to the\nverb, and articles like 'a' and 'the' are implied/interchangeable? If I want\nto say \"I am the wind, not the willow\", it seems almost impossible to convey\nthat same... ferocity? Or is there a way to express that impact?\n\n私は風です seems fine enough to start.\n\n私は風です、私は柳の木ではありません is the most literal translation, but feels like it has no\nimpact.\n\n私は風です、私は柳の木ではない has a little more impact, but seems to change the meaning.\n\n私は風です、柳の木ではありません is stronger, but can I leave out 私は in that fashion?\n\n私は風です、柳ではありません is the closest to what I'm trying to say, but does using 柳 for\n柳の木 translate the same as saying Willow for Willow Tree in English? Or is that\nlike saying \"I am the blue\". ...the blue what?\n\nHow do you convey the same impact of shortened English sentence structure?",
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"creation_date": "2019-07-20T13:54:31.807",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"negation"
],
"title": "Sentence impact: Articles, Negation without verb",
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"body": "It is actually much simpler than you appear to somewhat firmly believe. To\ngive you the answer first, you can say:\n\n> 「私は、柳{やなぎ}（の木{き}）では **なく** 、風{かぜ}である/です。」\n\n「なく」is the 連用形{れんようけい} (\"continuative form\") of the adjective 「ない」; therefore,\nit can be correctly used mid-sentence and the sentence can still continue on.\nUse of 連用形 would surely help you write impactful sentences. For instance,\n\n「空{そら}は青{あお} **く** 広{ひろ}い。」 is more concise and impactful than 「空は青 **い**\n、そして広い。」. 「青く」 is, of course, the 連用形 of 「青い」.\n\nAll of your own attempts are grammatical and they convey your intended\nmeaning, but they sound too wordy. Using 「私」 twice in such a short passage\nmakes your writing sound very \"foreign\".\n\nJapanese is an extremely contextual language. If it is clear from the context\nthat the speaker is talking about none other than himself, you will not have\nto use 「私」 even once. 「柳（の木）ではなく、風です。」 is a perfectly natural-sounding and\ngrammatical sentence in Japanese.\n\n> but does using 柳 for 柳の木 translate the same as saying Willow for Willow Tree\n> in English?\n\nNo, it does not. 「柳」 can refer both to the species of tree and the actual tree\nitself.",
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"body": "[Metasyntactic\nvariables](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasyntactic_variable) are using in\nprogramming as placeholders. Wikipedia mentions several Japanese words used in\nthis fashion, and I would like to know how they came about.\n\n * [ほげ - hoge](https://jisho.org/word/%EF%BD%88%EF%BD%8F%EF%BD%87%EF%BD%85)\n * [ぴよ - piyo](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%B4%E3%82%88)\n * [ふが - fuga](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%B5%E3%81%8C)\n * [ほげら - hogera](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%92%E3%82%89)\n * [ほげほげ - hogehoge](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%92%E3%81%BB%E3%81%92)*\n\n*this one seems obvious; it just repeats the first word twice.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-20T15:23:12.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69605",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-29T23:48:43.687",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-29T23:48:43.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34281",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"programming"
],
"title": "Origin of japanese metasyntactic variables 「ほげ」",
"view_count": 1022
}
|
[
{
"body": "There's one I can't find much about, but I think I've determined the basis for\nmost of your list. Here it is, regrouped a bit:\n\n> * ほげ - hoge\n> * ほげら - hogera\n> * ほげほげ - hogehoge\n> * ふが - fuga\n> * ぴよ - piyo\n>\n\nThe first three are all variations on _hoge_. Digging around, this appears to\nderive from the verb _hogeru_ , \"a hole opens up, a hole appears; to fall\napart\". Since the metasyntactic variable is really a _place_ holder, or a kind\nof stop _gap_ for the actual variable to be used in the programmer's own code,\nthis _hoge_ is a \"hole\" for the programmer to fill. Alternatively, since the\n\"hole\" meaning might be archaic or dialectal, this might arise instead from\nthe \"fall apart\" sense as a sort of\n[calque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque) of the English metasyntactic\nvariables _foo_ and _bar_ , presumably from [_fubar_](https://www.merriam-\nwebster.com/dictionary/fubar) in reference to things having \"fallen apart\"\n(rather dramatically).\n\n_Hoge **ra**_ would then be _hoge_ + suffix _-ra_ , often used as a pluralizer\nor generalizer (as in _kochi **ra**_ , _soko **ra** -hen_, etc.).\n\n_Hogehoge_ , as you noted, is just _hoge_ reduplicated.\n\n * See also [the Weblio entry for ほげ](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%92), [the Weblio entry for ほげる](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B), and [the Kotobank entry for ほげる](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%BB%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B-383338).\n\n_Fuga_ , meanwhile, looks like half of _fugafuga_ , \"blathering, spluttering\".\nAs a generic term of \"something that doesn't have any particular meaning of\nits own\", this makes sense to use as a metasyntactic variable name.\n\n * See [Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%B5%E3%81%8C%E3%81%B5%E3%81%8C) and [Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%B5%E3%81%8C%E3%81%B5%E3%81%8C-616787) for ふがふが.\n\nLastly, _piyo_ only shows up, as far as I can tell, in _piyopiyo_ as an\n[onomatopoeia](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onomatopoeia#English) for the\nsound of chicks chirping or tweeting. This might be used in a similar fashion\nas _fuga_ , as \"something that doesn't have any particular meaning of its\nown\".\n\n * See [Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%B4%E3%82%88%E3%81%B4%E3%82%88) and [Kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%B4%E3%82%88%E3%81%B4%E3%82%88-613682) for ぴよぴよ.\n\nThat said, the above is only my best guess based on the minimal research I've\ndone to date. I haven't found a source that clearly states, \"this\nmetasyntactic variable name comes from XYZ...\" for any of the above. The\nJapanese Wikipedia article on メタ構文変数 [explicitly mentions _hoge_ and\n_piyo_](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BF%E6%A7%8B%E6%96%87%E5%A4%89%E6%95%B0#hoge%E3%81%A8piyo),\nbut about their origins, it only states that 「起【き】源【げん】は定【さだ】かではない」 (\"the\norigins aren't certain\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T19:17:00.240",
"id": "69637",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-23T03:20:13.677",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-23T03:20:13.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69605
|
69637
|
69637
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69613",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> どうか自分の幻想でありますように...幻想など決して認めないダーズリ氏 **にしてみれば** 、こんな願いを持つのは生まれてはじめてだった。 \n> Please let it be my imagination... **For** Mr Dursley who didn't hold with\n> things like imagination, this was the first time in his life that he had had\n> such a wish.\n\nThis is the first time I've come across にしてみれば. I'm assuming it simply\ntranslates as 'for'. Literally, \"if we try making it ...\".\n\nThis seems like a lot of words just for 'for'.\n\n 1. Am I missing a nuance?\n 2. Can I just replace it with に (or any other expression)?\n 3. Is it just used in writing, or would it be natural in speech too? I'm aware that にしてみたら also exists, so would that be more acceptable in speech?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-20T16:48:06.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69606",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T01:48:27.963",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Usage of にしてみれば",
"view_count": 730
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「幻想{げんそう}など決{けっ}して認{みと}めないダーズリ氏{し} **にしてみれば**\n> 、こんな願{ねが}いを持{も}つのは生{う}まれてはじめてだった。」\n\nYou ask:\n\n> 1.Am I missing a nuance?\n\nYes, I think you are. 「にしてみれば」 is a more emphatic and nuanced expression than\nwhat could be translated to just \" ** _for_** \". It is roughly the equivalent\nof \" ** _in the case of_** \".\n\nIn actual translation, however, one might end up using \"for\" for the sake of a\ngood flow in the target language. I only recommend that you remember the\nnuance of the expression because, trust me, you will keep encountering it.\n\n> 2.Can I just replace it with に (or any other expression)?\n\nNo, 「に」 would be too neutral and weak a word to replace 「にしてみれば」 by. Frankly,\na single particle will not replace an expression consisting of several words.\n「にしてみれば」 can be replaced by, 「にしてみたら」、「にしたら」、「にすれば」, etc. \n（「れば」 is always more formal than 「たら」.）\n\nAt the very least you would need to use 「にとっては」 if not one of the choices\nlisted above..\n\n> 3.Is it just used in writing, or would it be natural in speech too? I'm\n> aware that にしてみたら also exists, so would that be more acceptable in speech?\n\nIt is used both in writing and speaking. We use the expression rather heavily,\nif I may add.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T01:48:27.963",
"id": "69613",
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"score": 3
}
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69606
|
69613
|
69613
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know (i) adjectives end ai-ii-ui-oi I adjectives are close cousins to verbs\nand na adjectives are nouns and my question きらい is na adjective or i adjective\nI think i adjective because end ai please answer my question",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-20T18:38:22.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69607",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-20T20:54:53.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34751",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"learning"
],
"title": "Na adjectivs or i adjectives",
"view_count": 134
}
|
[
{
"body": "Judging by its form, きらい could be an i-adjective, but it's actually a na-\nadjective. This is in analogy to すき, so you can view them as a pair.\n\nBut more importantly, things like these can be figured out by a quick look at\na dictionary. I would personally suggest jisho.org. There, you can type in the\nJapanese word you want to look up (it accepts Romaji, Hiragana/Katakana and\nKanji) and see if it's an i-adjective, na-adjective, verb, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-20T20:54:53.260",
"id": "69609",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-20T20:54:53.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"parent_id": "69607",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69607
| null |
69609
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69631",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following sentence in an exercise, with the following\npropositions:\n\n> 森さんが飼っている魚は、とてもきれいな色_____している。\n>\n> A. に\n>\n> B. を\n>\n> C. で\n>\n> D. が\n\nI learnt that する is used with が when talking about something that has an\neffect on senses, like \"大変な音がする\" or \"いい匂いがする\". So I picked D, but the solution\nwas B.\n\nWhat did I understand wrong? In what respective cases are \"~をする\" and \"~がする\"\nappropriate and correct?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-20T22:30:25.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69611",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-26T10:48:42.540",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18582",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "~色がする or ~色をする?",
"view_count": 1617
}
|
[
{
"body": "To answer your question, only をしている is correct and がしている is wrong in this\nexample.\n\nActually, those two are confusingly similar but unrelated. What the verb する\nmeans in the two idioms are different things.\n\n * が **する** → to strike the (i.e. your) sensation\n * を **する** → to wear some (persistent) traits\n\nがする is to describe an ephemeral sense (stimulus) that can appear and\ndisappear. For example, there is no sound when you hear nothing, and no odor\nwhen you smell nothing, because those sensations are direct interaction\nbetween your organ and the medium. Usually you can understand Xがする as \"I sense\nX\".\n\n> 誰もいない部屋から物音がした _I heard something from an empty room_ \n> とてつもなく悪い予感がする _I have (= get) an extraordinarily bad feeling_\n\nHowever, we don't perceive colors likewise. Although today we know that\neverything is quantum, most people still take it for granted that a red apple\nnever ceases to be red if you look aside. In other words, we believe that the\nredness belongs to the apple, not to the light (unless it's a laser ray) in\nthe usual sense. That makes がする unusable in that sentence. But if you had some\neye disease and saw a red color for no reason, 赤い色がする would make sense.\n\nSome previous answers tell that をする is for visual stimuli, but this is\nsomewhat superficial. We do say:\n\n> 優しい性格をした人 _a person who has a gentle personality_ \n> 彼女は高い声をしている _she has a high voice_ \n> どんな育ち方をしたらこんな絵が描けるのか _what kind of life makes (= experiencing what life\n> history) him/her create such a drawing_\n\nOf course, 彼女は高い声をしている doesn't mean she emits a high frequency wave 24 hours,\nbut that she does when she speaks. 高い声がしている means that you hear a voice\npersisting as long as it may.\n\nOne grammar point is that, since をする depicts a sort of state rather than\naction, the dictionary form is virtually unusable. You should always say をしている\nand をしていた as the main verb of the sentence.\n\n* * *\n\n**PS** \nBy the way I don't think the original quiz is very well thought out. You can\neasily find a context where A is valid, and if you stretch your imagination, D\nactually might be.\n\n> A: ～とてもきれいな色 **に** している \n> → Mori-san makes their fish have a beautiful color (painted?)\n>\n> D: ～とてもきれいな色 **が** している \n> → maybe some alien fish that shines (emits light) like a mirror ball?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T13:38:47.703",
"id": "69631",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"parent_id": "69611",
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"score": 9
}
] |
69611
|
69631
|
69631
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69614",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following sentence:\n\n> 彼氏と大喧嘩して、お前とはもう別れたい _とまで_ 言われた。\n\nWhy are と and まで in that order? Would \"別れたい _までと_ 言われた\" be incorrect? Is there\na rule concerning the order in which particles must be assembled?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-20T22:36:59.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69612",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T06:56:40.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18582",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"compounds",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Order of compound particles",
"view_count": 259
}
|
[
{
"body": "Yes, the order matters. Since things before the と will be treated as a part of\nthe quote, お前とはもう別れたいまでと言われた sounds like he actually said \"別れたいまで\", which\nmakes no sense in this context. It's somewhat like \"He even said that ～\" vs\n\"He said that even ～\". In general, when two particles are combined, the order\nis almost always important (e.g., you can say 学校では but not 学校はで).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T06:56:40.207",
"id": "69614",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T06:56:40.207",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69612",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69612
|
69614
|
69614
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "When I want to ask whether or not something I have is what I think it is, I\ncan't figure out exactly what to say.\n\n> これは梅じゃないの? (Rising intonation)\n>\n> Is this not a plum?\n>\n> これは梅じゃないね。(Falling intonation)\n>\n> This isn't a plum, right?\n\nHow could I say something like\n\n> \"This isn't a plum?!\" (With a sense of surprise)\n>\n> \"Isn't this a plum?\"\n\n[For a different example, here is the following from\nよつばと.](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lg3Av.png)\n\n[Which is translated officially to this.](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AKnIc.png)\n\nIn my mind, the translation is \"Aren't I dead?\" I guess I don't know if I'm\nbeing semantic or not, sorry.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T06:59:48.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69615",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-22T08:03:26.267",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "30784",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Clarification of objects using questions",
"view_count": 127
}
|
[] |
69615
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "彼はなんでもかんでも人のせいにする。あまりの理不尽さに怒りを通り越して呆れてしまう。\n\nhow did we make 怒りを通り越して this sentence pattern, can anyone explain it in\ndetail.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T09:52:14.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69617",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T15:36:56.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34489",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "怒りを通り越して sentence formation",
"view_count": 117
}
|
[
{
"body": "怒りを通り越して is a phrase that literally translates to go beyond anger. It's used\nto express situations where something is so bad or stupid, you don't even feel\nanger - it's gone to another level. This is my guess but the particle を is\nused to denote the \"space\" for motion verbs. For example:\n\n公園を歩く\n\n壁を越える\n\nSo を marks the space , which is 怒り. 通り越す is a motion verb, though can be used\nfor figurative expressions too, like 怒りを通り越して〜、バカを通り越して〜、信頼を通り越して〜.\n\n**Sentence Structure** It's in first person, or at least, it is written from\nthe POV of the person who is speaking at this moment. So let's put that person\nback in:\n\n彼はなんでもかんでも人のせいにする。（私は）あまりの理不尽さに怒りを通り越して呆れてしまう。\n\n怒りを通り越して is linked to 呆れてしまう by て. て has several uses but here, it's denoting\nV1 + V2 in that order. An example would be: 家に帰って寝る。\n\nThe person who is feeling this is 私. But it can be removed and the sentence\nwould still mean more or less the same thing:\n\n→ 私はあまりの理不尽さに呆れてしまう。\n\nSource:\n<http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/051.html>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T15:24:21.907",
"id": "69620",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T15:36:56.777",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-21T15:36:56.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "6752",
"owner_user_id": "6752",
"parent_id": "69617",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
] |
69617
| null |
69620
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is the sentence I heard in an anime.\n\nコーヒーでようか or コーヒーでよか.\n\nI definitely did not mishear it for yoi 良い. Is this some slang for yoi? If so,\nwhich is the correct one? Stress or no vowel stress.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T11:10:29.220",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69618",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T12:48:28.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"colloquial-language",
"slang",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "でようか slang for で良いか?",
"view_count": 275
}
|
[
{
"body": "The sentence is\n\n> コーヒーいれようか _Shall I make some coffee?_\n\n（入れ-る or 淹れ-る can be used according to your taste)\n\n「いれ」 part is pronounced weak in the original audio, which would explain why\nyou heard it as 「で」．",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T12:48:28.680",
"id": "69619",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T12:48:28.680",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4223",
"parent_id": "69618",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
69618
| null |
69619
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69622",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a beginner in Japanese.\n\nI know ように can mean \"as\", \"so\", \"like\", and よう can mean \"look like\". And I\nknow that そう can mean \"seem like\", \"that way\", \"or such\", but there are too\nmany possible combinations similar to よう.\n\nIn another\n[post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/16312/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99-and-%E3%82%89%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99)\nthe difference was explained for そうだ and ようだ. Here I'm asking that can you\nexplain what そう means for the other scenarios like そうに/な (compared to よう).\n\nFor example in the following sentence:\n\n> 優{やさ}しそうなご両親{りようしん}でしたね \n> \"They looked like very kind parents.\"\n\nWhat is the difference from よう in this example or other possible combinations?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T15:57:54.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69621",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T20:04:43.977",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-21T19:11:52.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "34755",
"owner_user_id": "34755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between そうな/に (sou na/ni) and ような/に (you na/ni)?",
"view_count": 3404
}
|
[
{
"body": "～そうな is generally used in a context of \"seems like\" based on appearances.\n\n～ような is generally used when you're talking about a resemblance to something.\nIn other words, ～ような is more directly related to the English concept of a\nsimile, _A like a B._\n\nFor example:\n\n```\n\n 彼女は優しそうな人です。\n \n```\n\n\"She seems like a nice person.\"\n\n```\n\n 彼女はメイドのような人です。\n \n```\n\n\"She looks like a maid.\"\n\n```\n\n あのケーキは美味しそうです。\n \n```\n\n\"That cake looks delicious.\"\n\n```\n\n あのケーキは雲のようにふわふわです。\n \n```\n\n\"That cake is fluffy like a cloud.\"\n\nAs you can see, the difference is subtle, but important.\n\nIn both cases, the difference of na/ni comes down to adjectival vs adverbial\nforms.\n\nそうに～ Would be something along the lines of \"seemingly.\"\n\nWhereas ように～ Still translates as \"...like a...\" in English, as English has no\nreal equivalent adverbial form.\n\nYou can think of it like this: when it's ～な it's always going to expect a noun\nto modify. When it's ～に it's going to expect a verb to modify:\n\n```\n\n 鳥のようなすがた\n \n```\n\n\"looks like/shaped like a bird\"\n\n```\n\n 鳥のように飛んだ\n \n```\n\n\"flew like a bird\"\n\n```\n\n 転びそうな建物\n \n```\n\n\"A building that looks like it'd fall over\"\n\n```\n\n 建物は転びそうにゆらゆらした\n \n```\n\n\"The building swayed as though it'd fall over\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T19:23:47.060",
"id": "69622",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T20:04:43.977",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-21T20:04:43.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "12033",
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"parent_id": "69621",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69621
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69622
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69622
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69624",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2nNUZ.png)\n\nTranslation: \"7 years ago there was a guy called ‘Cell’… **[Dabra]’s probably\nabout as strong as him…** ”\n\nかな: I wonder; I guess たぶん: perhaps; probably\n\nWould these versions be just as accurate?:\n\nA. \"[Dabra]'s probably about as strong as him, I guess...\"\n\nB. \"[Dabra]'s perhaps about as strong as him, I wonder...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T23:03:23.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69623",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-21T23:21:57.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31845",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"manga"
],
"title": "What degree of uncertainty do かな and たぶん imply?",
"view_count": 123
}
|
[
{
"body": "Both A and B are mostly correct, but are missing a little in terms of nuance.\n\n「たぶん」implies much less uncertainty than 「かな」, so what he's really saying here\nis:\n\n\"He's maybe as strong as Cell, probably...\"\n\nWith Goku's 「たぶん」 being a way of making his guess more firm. By saying \"I\nguess\" or \"I wonder\" at the end of the sentence in your translations, you're\nslightly removing that finality of him saying \"probably.\"\n\nThe original has a connotation like he's saying \"he's about as good as that\nguy, yeah, that sounds about right.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-21T23:21:57.713",
"id": "69624",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12033",
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"score": 2
}
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69623
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69624
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69624
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I want to know if Nagareru or ustukushi can be name. Cuz i read article talk\nabout japanese name cannot be certain things like this. Just want to know, can\nnagareru be name. I names my character this based off the meaning, to flow.\nEdit: Sorry, major error. I spell cat, I meant character.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T04:04:19.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69626",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-23T02:17:04.430",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-23T00:58:38.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "34758",
"owner_user_id": "34758",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "can nagareru or utsukushi be name?",
"view_count": 264
}
|
[
{
"body": "流れる(nagareru) is a verb and 美しい(utsukushii) an adjective. Both of these words\nare not used for names, but their kanji characters are. for example 流 can be\nread as haru and have the meaning of flow/stream. same goes for the character\n美 which is often used for a girls name.\n\nbut in the end it is all up to you how you want to name your character, and if\nyou like nagareru then you should stick with that name. to make it a noun\ninstead of verd make it nagare which means flow.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T04:39:03.117",
"id": "69627",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-23T02:17:04.430",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-23T02:17:04.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "34695",
"owner_user_id": "34695",
"parent_id": "69626",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69626
| null |
69627
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In 火垂るの墓 there is a scene where the mother says:\n\n> ほな、ひと足先に壕に行かしてもらうからね。\n\nWhat does 行かしてもらうから mean?\n\nI know usually もらう means to receive / get someone to do something.\n\nI’ve never seen this conjugation of 行く before. Is it a casual form of 行かせて？\nwhere せ—>し？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T13:26:02.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69630",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-22T19:20:30.000",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-22T19:20:30.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "9275",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation",
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "Meaning of 行かしてもらうから",
"view_count": 526
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ほな、ひと足先に壕に **行かして** もらうからね。\n\nI think it's Kansai dialect. 「ほな」 is Kansai dialect, too. Here in Kyoto (and\nin Osaka and probably in Kobe as well), we often say:\n\n> 行かせてもらう (in Standard Japanese) ⇒ 行か **し** てもらう (in Kansai-ben) \n> 食べさせてもらう ⇒ 食べさ **し** てもらう \n> 言わせてもらう ⇒ 言わ **し** てもらう \n> 飲ませてもらう ⇒ 飲ま **し** てもらう \n> 見せて ⇒ 見 **し** て \n> させて ⇒ さ **し** て \n> やらせて ⇒ やら **し** て \n> etc.\n\nIn Kansai dialect we often use the short form of causative verbs, eg:\n\n> 行かす (cf 行かせる) \n> 食べさす (cf 食べさせる) \n> 言わす (cf 言わせる) \n> 飲ます (cf 飲ませる) \n> さす (cf させる) \n> やらす (cf やらせる) \n> etc.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T14:58:37.243",
"id": "69633",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-22T15:20:25.917",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-22T15:20:25.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "69630",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69630
| null |
69633
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69635",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have learnt that a noun that is preceding an intransitive verb should go\nwith the GA particle (it is a subject). And a noun that is preceding a\ntransitive verb then it should be used with the WO particle (it is an object).\n\nHowever, I have also learnt that verbs in Japanese can be connected with TE\nFORM. So can we connect an intransitive verb with a transitive verb?\n\nIf it is yes, then how can we decide which particle to use (GA or WO)? Because\nin this sentence the Noun is the subject for a verb but also the object for\nthe other?\n\nThe pattern is just like this:\n\nNOUN (GA/WO) V1 TE + V2 TE +... In which V(n) can be a transitive verb or\nintransitive verb.\n\nCould you please give me some examples.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T14:21:09.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69632",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-28T21:05:45.980",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-28T21:05:45.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "34140",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Intransitive verb connects with a transitive verb via Te Form",
"view_count": 245
}
|
[
{
"body": "I feel you are a little confused because you have seen some over-simplified\nexplanation about transitive verbs... Perhaps it's best to learn from\nexamples.\n\n * 私はS 寝ますVi。 \nIS sleepVi.\n\n * 私はS 起きますVi。 \nIS wakeVi (up).\n\n * 私はS シャワーをO 浴びますVt。 \nIS takeVt a showerO.\n\n * 私はS 朝食をO 食べますVt。 \nIS eatVt breakfastO.\n\nUsing a te-from to connect two verbs...\n\n * 私はS シャワーをO1 **浴びて** Vt1* 寝ますVi2。 \nIS takeVt1 a showerO1 **and** (then) sleepVi2.\n\n * 私はS **起きて** Vi1* シャワーをO2 浴びますVt2。 \nIS wakeVi1 (up) **and** (then) takeVt2 a showerO2.\n\n * 私はS シャワーをO1 **浴びて** Vt1* 朝食をO2 食べますVt2。 \nIS takeVt1 a showerO1 **and** eatVt2 breakfastO2.\n\n(S: subject, Vi: intransitive verb, Vt: transitive verb, O: object, *: te-\nform)\n\nSo, aside from the obvious difference in word order (S-O-V vs S-V-O), I hope\nyou can see there is not much difference.\n\nJust like English verbs, every Japanese verb has a corresponding subject,\nwhich is marked by が (or は) but may be omitted. A transitive verb\n_additionally_ takes an object, which is marked by を. (In other words, a\ntransitive verb takes two\n[arguments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_\\(linguistics\\)), while an\nintransitive verb take only one.)\n\nAlso note that シャワーを私は浴びます is still a valid Japanese sentence, although it\nsounds clumsy in a simple case like this. See: [Does word order change the\nmeaning of a sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19433/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T16:59:41.060",
"id": "69635",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-22T16:59:41.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69632",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
] |
69632
|
69635
|
69635
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69652",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading a book and the author keeps using the spelling \"一つひとつ\" for \"one-\nby-one\". I found this a bit curious: The word itself is just a doubled 一つ, so\nwhy not spell both parts the same? Does writing it that way convey a certain\nnuance which 一つ一つ or 1つ1つ do not?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T18:00:44.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69636",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-29T01:35:44.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33212",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Why the specific spelling \"一つひとつ\"?",
"view_count": 249
}
|
[
{
"body": "According to this answer:\n\"漢字｛かんじ｝ではじまり平仮名{ひらがな}で終｛お｝わる表記｛ひょうき｝が、日本語｛にほんご｝として読｛よ｝みやすいということのようです。\"; It is\nbecause it makes Japanese easier to read.\n\nThe answer had a link to the webpage where it was explained by a professor but\nit seems like that page is no longer or else I would have read the page\nmyself.\n\nSource: <https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/2185824.html>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-23T00:33:38.003",
"id": "69644",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-23T00:33:38.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34695",
"parent_id": "69636",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "This is a matter of personal taste. If the author did this intentionally, I\nbelieve they were trying to emphasize the nuance of ひとつひとつ by covering various\npossible spellings. Similar examples include\n[長いながい道](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4036340107/) and\n[すき、好き、大スキ](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4883816192/). One may also argue that\nswitching kanji/kana too much in a single word is visually displeasing, but I\npersonally doubt that is the main reason.\n\nHere are the hit counts of BCCWJ:\n\n * ひとつひとつ: 604\n * 一つ一つ: 1005\n * 一つひとつ: 293\n * ひとつ一つ: 5\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** This is not limited to 一つひとつ...\n\n * おそるおそる: 224; 恐る恐る: 193; 恐るおそる: 9; おそる恐る: 0\n * おもいおもい: 2; 思い思い: 183; 思いおもい: 9; おもい思い: 0\n * かさねがさね: 8; 重ね重ね: 24; 重ねがさね: 3; かさね重ね: 0\n * たびたび: 823; 度々: 354; 度たび: 4; たび度: 0\n\nMaybe the users of 度たび／恐るおそる are treating the second part somewhat like a long\nokurigana...? I personally do not do this, but it is true that there are\nwriters who like this style.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-23T04:25:46.873",
"id": "69652",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-29T01:35:44.623",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-29T01:35:44.623",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69636",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
69636
|
69652
|
69652
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need your help.\n\n\"誰かいないのか\"\n\nAs far as I understand it, this translates to something like, \"I want to know,\nif there somebody, who is available now\"\n\nThe questions are:\n\n 1. Is the translation ok?\n 2. Could you explain the grammar of this sentence? I was trying to find out about \"inai no ka\" but didn't manage to do it :( \n\nI really count on you guys!\n\nThank you!\n\nP.S. yes, I'm a newbie",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T20:06:16.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69639",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-15T23:01:00.127",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-22T20:52:58.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "34762",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-の",
"questions",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "What is the meaning? -- 誰かいないのか",
"view_count": 553
}
|
[
{
"body": "「誰かいないのか」most likely means \"Is anyone here?\" without further context. It's the\nkind of thing you'd say if you walked into an empty room expecting to find\nsomeone, but there was no one there.\n\nいないのか is just a questioning form of いない. It's very casual but has a bit of\nurgency to it. It's kind of like saying \"Isn't there someone here?!\" or\n\"Anybody home?!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T20:39:25.260",
"id": "69641",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-22T20:39:25.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12033",
"parent_id": "69639",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69639
| null |
69641
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{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Once again, while doing exercises, I came across a sentence that bugged me:\n\n> 直子は７歳のときに家出したが、聡明な_____、見つかることなく10日間もひとりで生きていた。\n>\n> A. だけあって、B. だけに、C. だけ、D. だけは\n\nThe solution to the exercise was A, which makes sense to me; but why would B\nbe incorrect? As I understand it, both だけあって and だけに mean \"precisely because\"\n(in this example, it bears the nuance that if not for her wit, Naoko would\nhave died). However, since they both appear as propositions, I guess there's a\nnuance between them; unfortunately I could not find any reference about such a\nnuance.\n\nWhat's the difference between だけあって and だけに? What makes だけあって the right answer\nhere?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T20:56:32.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69642",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T06:31:19.960",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "18582",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particle-だけ"
],
"title": "Difference between だけに and だけあって",
"view_count": 520
}
|
[
{
"body": "To my surprise, someone asked [exactly the same\nthing](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/59577/7810) one year ago, but I'm\ngoing to focus more on their difference.\n\nThey are a bit more nuanced than \"precisely because\" for each. Especially the\nspeaker's attitude is always woven into those expressions.\n\n * `XだけにY`: \"considering how much X, (it's natural that / unavoidably / admittedly / I can't help but say) Y\"\n * `XだけあってY`: \"as can be expected of (how) X, Y\"\n\nだけあって comes from an idiom だけある \"live up to the expectation that\", so the\nconnection is very straight, saying that what happened (Y) is true to, and is\nproof of the fact something has the quality (X). だけに is more convoluted if you\nlook at my translation. It just put how highly you expect of it and the actual\nevent side by side. It doesn't necessarily say Y is the expected outcome of X,\nand even when it does, the baseline is that Y is \"fair enough\" for X, not that\nit wouldn't be like otherwise. This mentality often leads to the impression\nthat Y is not expected or desirable without reserve to the speaker.\n\nSo purely grammatically, B can be also a right answer, so you could say it's\nnot a very good question. But I think 98% sober Japanese would choose A if\ngiven no other context, in this sense the question is more or less valid.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T06:31:19.960",
"id": "69672",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T06:31:19.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "69642",
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}
] |
69642
| null |
69672
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69647",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following sentence was part of the last exercise I did:\n\n> あなたが何を見つけようと、それは途方もなく危険なもの_____。大勢の人間が私達を殺そうとしてるんだから。 A\n>\n> A. に間違いない、B. に越したことはない、C. に相違ない、D. に決まっている\n\nThe right answer was D.\n\nThe thing is, I have trouble understanding the meaning of this sentence. I\nthink I understand most of it though:\n\n> 大勢の人間が私達を殺そうとしてるんだから。\n>\n> That's because a lot of people are trying to kill us.\n>\n> それは途方もなく危険なもの\n>\n> This (is?) something incredibly dangerous\n\nThen I'm a bit stuck. I feel like the key to understanding this sentence is\nthat \"あなたが何を見つけようと、\" without any follow-up. I think I remember learning\nsomething like the \"思う\" or \"する\" that usually comes after the volitional form +\nと can be omitted. However, I cannot wrap my head around this part.\n\nHow should I parse this sentence? And what's the meaning of it once \"に決まっている\"\nhas been inserted?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-22T21:31:14.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69643",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-23T02:57:33.493",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-22T22:16:08.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "18582",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Volitional + と without follow-up",
"view_count": 222
}
|
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{
"body": "I feel this is a difficult question even to some native speakers... The\nmeaning of the first sentence is \"No matter what you are going to find (e.g.,\nin this dungeon), it **must be** something incredibly dangerous.\" For this\nようと, see: [What are the grammar rules behind this clause,\n「才能があろうがなかろうが」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48292/5010) and [Meaning\nof volitional passive form](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32949/5010)\n\nSo, you are supposed to choose the correct expression that corresponds to this\n\"must be\". B (\"nothing is better than a dangerous thing\") is clearly wrong. A\nand C are close, but these are usually used in the context where you are\nidentifying something/someone with a concrete evidence. ～に決まっている (or ～に違いない,\nwithout 間) expresses a strong suspicion, which is better in this context\nbecause the speaker knows almost nothing about what they are going to find.\n\n> 太郎に間違いない。 = 太郎に相違ない。 \n> [seeing a photograph / collating a fingerprint] It must be Taro.\n>\n> 太郎に違いない。 = 太郎に決まっている。 \n> [\"Who ate the cake?\"] It must be Taro.",
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"body": "Given a phrase of the form \"Even though you're X, you're still Y...\" what\nwould be the best (i.e. more natural or grammatically correct) Japanese form?\n\nFor example:\n\n```\n\n \"Even though you're that weak, you're still a soldier.\"\n \n A:「お前はそれほど弱くても、まだ軍人だ。」\n B:「それほど弱くても、いずれにしてもお前は軍人だ。」\n \n```\n\nCan 「まだ」 be used in this context? Most of the examples in the Tatoeba\nsentences seem to imply まだ is only correct in the context of \"time\" (still\nhere, still hasn't happened yet, etc...); I haven't seen any examples where\nit's applied to a noun like this.\n\nBut, even in English, I'm not sure if the concept of \"time\" really applies to\nthe use of \"still\" here, which seems to have more of an \"above all\" or \"in the\nend\" connotation to it.\n\nAs I'm typing this, two more possible translations comes to mind:\n\n```\n\n C:「それほど弱くても、お前だって軍人だ。」\n D:「それほど弱くても、所詮、お前は軍人だ。」\n \n```\n\nAll four seem like they capture the spirit of the original English, but all\nfour also feel like they might be missing something or changing the meaning\nsubtly.\n\nThe nuances seem to be:\n\nA: \"Even though you're that weak, you're still [at this time] a soldier.\"\nWhich implies that later on you might not be a soldier. It seems more similar\nin meaning to \"Even if it's Friday, you're still on the clock.\"\n\nB: \"Even though you're that weak, when all is said and done you're a soldier.\"\nWhich seems close, but still feels off.\n\nC: \"Even though you're that weak, even you are a soldier.\"\n\nD: \"Even though you're that weak, you're a soldier after all. \" or\n\nD: \"Even though you're that weak, in the end you're a soldier.\"\n\nAll of the translations seem to be missing the subtle implication of the\nEnglish, namely that you are a soldier, and thus capable of the things a\nsoldier can do, regardless of the fact that you are weak. In other words,\nbeing weak does not change the fact that you are a soldier.\n\nA similar, if not identical form in English would be \"Even if you're a pain,\nyou're still my little sister,\" where the fact that the person being a pain\ndoes not negate the fact that she is the speaker's younger sister.",
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"tags": [
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"word-choice"
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"title": "Which would be the better translation for \"Even though you're X, you're still Y?\"",
"view_count": 722
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"body": "Yes, English _still_ has several meanings, and you have to distinguish them\nwhen you translate it into Japanese. As you have correctly suspected, まだ軍人だ is\nperfectly grammatical, but it's appropriate only for someone who is nearing\ntheir retirement.\n\nB looks good to me. C is fine in this context, but it can be rude in other\nsituations because お前だって is \"even (a person like) you\". D is incorrect because\nthis use of 所詮 sounds like \"you are just an soldier and nothing more\" or \"you\nare no more than a mere soldier (and your personal weakness doesn't matter,\nafter all)\".\n\nYou can also say \"お前は弱いが、 **それでも** お前は軍人だ.\" [This\narticle](https://chikasterrace.wordpress.com/2018/01/12/%E3%80%8C%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B-still/)\nhas some more examples of それでも.",
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"body": "Since there's nothing much to add to the grammatical analysis by @naruto, I'd\njust suggest some extra \"best\" Japanese expressions:\n\n> _... that you are a soldier, and thus capable of the things a soldier can\n> do, regardless of the fact that you are weak. In other words, being weak\n> does not change the fact that you are a soldier._\n\n 1. > たとえ弱くても、お前は軍人だ。 \n> （たとえ）弱かろうが、お前は軍人だ。\n\nThe standard translation of \"even though...\" is たとえ……ても／でも／だろうと (choose\naccording to word class), and you could also use たとえ……かろう（が／と） (for i-adj.),\nwhich may still be on the Japanese textbook, but only for a solemn and/or\nbookish talk.\n\n 2. > 弱くても、お前は立派（な／に）軍人だ。\n\n立派 usually means \"worth praising\", but another meaning \"worth the name\" is\nactivated in this context (better put emphasis on 立派).\n\n> _A similar, if not identical form in English would be \"Even if you're a\n> pain, you're still my little sister,\" where the fact that the person being a\n> pain does not negate the fact that she is the speaker's younger sister._\n\nPrevious #1 can be applied: たとえ厄介者だろうと、お前は妹だ。 \n(Translation of \"be a pain\" is non-definitive, it'd vary wildly depending on\nthe course of story...)\n\n 3. > （いくら）厄介者だろうと、お前が妹なのに変わりはない。\n\n～に変わりはない is a common idiom for this situation, affirming the identity no\nmatter what.",
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"body": "What meaning does the prefix やって give to the main verbs? Is it a constant one\ncan do with some other verbs as well? For example やって来る やって見る やって退ける やって行く",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-23T03:38:39.363",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What meaning does やって add to the following main verbs?",
"view_count": 520
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"body": "やって is basically just the te-form of the verb やる, which has [various\nmeanings](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%84%E3%82%8B). As @Leebo points out,\nmost expressions in the form `やって + another verb` can be understood using the\nordinary grammar of [subsidiary\nverbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010) such as (て)みる or\n(て)くる.\n\n * やってみる: to try doing (it). See: [What is the difference between \"verb＋て＋みる\" and \"verb＋(よ)う+とする\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19038/5010)\n * やっていく: to do something and go; to do something before leaving. See: [Difference between -ていく and -てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010)\n\n> 宿題をやっていく。 \n> I'll leave home after finishing my homework.\n\n * やってくる: to have been doing something over time; to keep doing something up until now; to do something before coming. See: [Difference between -ていく and -てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010)\n\n> この仕事を3年やってきた。 \n> I have been doing this job for 3 years.\n\n...and so on and on. In the examples above, やって means just \"to do\".\n\nHowever, there are a few verbs that have (additional) fixed meanings:\n\n * やってくる: to come along; to come all the way \n\n> サンタクロースが町にやってくる。 \n> Santa Claus is coming to town.\n\n * やってのける: to succeed in (a difficult thing)\n * やっていく: to make a living; to make ends meet\n\nThese やって are still loosely related to the original meaning of やる; for\nexample, I think やって in やってくる originally means \"to bring/send\". But it's\nprobably best to memorize these as special cases. Aside from them, you can use\nthe standard grammar to make sense of the phrase.",
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"body": "I'm reading 大きな森の小さな家 (Little House in the Big Woods).\n\nThis sequence of sentences are all describing a particular occurrence in the\npast, but some sentences are in non-past forms:\n\n> ある晩、父さんは、ローラをベッドからだきあげると、まどのところへいって、おおかみを見せてくれた。\n>\n> 家のまん前に、二ひきすわっている。\n>\n> まるで、毛のふさふさした犬みたいだ。\n>\n> 二ひきは、まぶしくかがやく大きな月に鼻先をむけると、ほえはじめた。\n>\n> ジャックは、戸口の前にいったりきたりしながら、うなり声をあげる。\n>\n> せなかの毛をさかだてて、するどい、じょうぶな歯を、おおかみにむかってむきだす。\n>\n> おおかみは、いくらほえつづけても、家の中にははいれなかった。\n\nすわっている、あげる、むきだす are all non-past.\n\nThe others - くれた、だ、はじめた、はいれなかった are all past.\n\nWhy are some in the non-past form?\n\nIf I'm writing or speaking about an event in the past like this, how would I\ndecide when to use past and when to use non-past?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-23T05:42:17.140",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs",
"tense"
],
"title": "past tense vs non-past in a book",
"view_count": 221
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"body": "This is a kind of rhetoric device called [**historical\npresent**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_present). It's also found\nin English novels and news headlines, but typical Japanese novels use it\nextensively.\n\n * [Why did the author briefly jump to present tense in this article?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23349/5010)\n * [Negative present endings translated as past tense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53760/5010)\n * [i am confusesd as to what historical present tense is, when it is used, etc](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/55536/5010)\n\n> If I'm writing or speaking about an event in the past like this, how would I\n> decide when to use past and when to use non-past?\n\nThis is a tough question, since this is about vividness, rhythm and mood,\nwhich you will gradually start to appreciate over years of learning a foreign\nlanguage. Your example could have been written entirely in the past tense,\nalthough it might look like an old-fashioned, dull essay.\n\nStill, it's possible to talk about rough tendencies.\n\n * The more dynamic a scene is, the more frequently historical present is employed (e.g., a battle scene).\n * Someone's internal thoughts or emotion tend to be described in historical present, although it's often hard to distinguish it from [free direct speech](http://www.davidcrystal.com/?id=2914), another type of technique to make sentences vivid. This is especially true for Japanese because person pronouns are commonly omitted; \"He felt sad\" and \"I am sad\" both become simply 悲しい in Japanese :)\n * A new event which \"moves the story forward\" tends to be presented in the past tense. Detailed information that is mainly used to vividly depict a scene tends to be presented with historical present. In other words, a sentence in the past tense forms a new segment, like a new mental \"frame\" of a comic. Then historical present sentences may follow to depict that \"frame\" in detail.\n\nPlease try re-reading your example with these in mind. おおかみを見せてくれた (past\ntense) introduces a new event, and the following two sentences (present tense)\ndescribe how the wolves looked. 犬みたいだ is what the protagonist felt about the\nwolves, which also explains why it's in the present tense. Then ほえはじめた (past\ntense) starts another scene, and the following two sentences (present tense)\ndescribe Jack's immediate reaction to the wolves in detail. This is also a\nvery dynamic part.",
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"body": "What does this phrase mean?\n\nHere is the context:\n\n死ぬほど悲しかったりすることを全部チャラにする。\n\nI appreciate your help. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-23T08:05:46.587",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"チャラにする\"",
"view_count": 503
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"body": "「チャラにする」 is an often-used colloquial/slangy expreession meaning \" ** _to call\nit even_** \", \" ** _to forgive a debt_** \", etc.\n\nThe more formal and synonymous phrases would include:\n\n「帳消{ちょうけ}しにする」、「差{さ}し引{ひ}きゼロにする」、「相殺{そうさい}する」, etc.\n\n「チャラ」 by itself means \"banter\", \"wise-cracking\", etc. It is, however, rarely\nused by itself.\n\nIf you are familiar with the word 「おべん **ちゃら** 」 which means \"flattery\", the\nlast part is the word in question.\n\nWithout more context, it is difficult to tell exactly what your sentence:\n\n> 「死ぬほど悲しかったりすることを全部チャラにする。」\n\nmeans, but it would be something along the lines of:\n\n> \"(Something/Someone) cancels out all of the things that are so sad that\n> you/someone might die from them.\"",
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"body": "Example:\n\nLet's say I want to reference \" _the bridge that I ran underneath_ \".\n\nI would presume that the sentence would be:\n\n> 下に走った橋\n\nI feel like there's a lot of ambiguity here, but I guess that's sometimes the\nnature of Japanese, and immediate understanding of what part of the relative\nclause the noun refers to would come with fluency.\n\nAnyway, is this right? What general rules are there for nouns referring to\ndifferent parts of the relative clause?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Using prepositions in relative clauses?",
"view_count": 176
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{
"body": "> Anyway, is this right?\n\nUnfortunately, no. The particle you need is **を** , not に. 下に would mean\n_downwards_.\n\n * [Making sense of transitive usage of 行く and 来る - 「を行く」 and 「を来る」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3243/5010)\n * [この道をまっすぐ行ってください。 Why を and not で?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6869/5010)\n\n下を走った橋 should be understandable if there's enough context, but if you worry\nabout ambiguity, it may be better to explicitly add the subject of 走る and say\n私が下を走った橋. Although we don't usually say 橋が走る, we do commonly say 道路/川が走る \"the\nstreet/river runs (e.g., across the town)\", and thus 下を走った橋 without any other\nmodifier might also be taken as \"a bridge that crosses some low place\" by some\npeople.\n\nThis ambiguity is an innate restriction of Japanese relative clause, and there\nis not simple rule to determine the interpretation in one way. See also: [How\nis the subject of this subclause made\nclear?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54666/5010)",
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"body": "Sometimes when a character ends up in a bad situation they'll say a word or\nphrase that sounds like \"matsui!\" or \"natsui!\" It's usually translated as \"not\ngood!\" or \"oh no!\" I'm curious as to what the actual word is.\n\nIt can be heard at 8:58 in this video <https://youtu.be/RLwo30N0lUI>",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-23T09:31:00.770",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"expressions",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What's this word I always hear in anime? \"Oh no!\" or \"not good!\"",
"view_count": 1267
}
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[
{
"body": "My Japanese is not that good, but I'm pretty sure the word is \"mazui\" 「まずい」\n\n[不味い](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%B8%8D%E5%91%B3%E3%81%84)\n\nThe example 4 fits the situation.",
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"body": "I've seen a lot of sentences where `で` was omitted, like:\n\n> 今朝サンタさんが来なかった\n\nHere we have `今朝` which is a point in time so the sentence should be:\n\n> 今朝 **で** サンタさんが来なかった\n\nBut it's not. Is there any difference in meaning between these two sentences?\nIs sentence #2 grammatically wrong? Are there any other particles(?) which can\nbe omitted in the same way?\n\nAlso what if it were written this way?\n\n> サンタさんが今朝 **で** 来なかった\n\nDoes it have a new (#3) meaning in contrast to the previous ones?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-23T15:07:29.880",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"particle-で",
"nouns"
],
"title": "Is で unnecessary for time references or does direct noun modification have different connotations?",
"view_count": 137
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[
{
"body": "In Japanese, the use of particles for time references is generally predicted\nby whether the time reference is **fixed** or **relative**. For fixed time\nreferences, the particle `に` is used to mark the time word. For relative time\nreferences, the particle is usually omitted.\n\nExamples of **fixed** time references are named days, times, dates, years,\netc. \nExamples of **relative** time references are things like 'today', 'yesterday',\n'this morning', 'next week', etc.\n\nMoving specifically to your example, you haven't included the meaning you are\nattempting to translate into Japanese. I am assuming you intended the meaning\n\"Santa didn't come this morning\". If so, your example contains a relative time\nreference ('this morning') and therefore the particle can be omitted.\n\n> 今朝サンタさんが来なかった。(This is grammatically acceptable for the meaning \"Santa did\n> not come this morning\").\n\nIf, on the other hand, you were using a fixed time reference, the sentence\nwould be something like this:\n\n> 12月25日 **に** サンタさんが来なかった。 (the particle に is need for a fixed time\n> reference).\n\n_I could add that 今朝で is not actually grammatically incorrect in itself, but\nit introduces a different meaning than what I assume you intended. 今朝で would\nbe like 'as of this morning' in English, referencing a time period before and\nup to the stated time. But when using particles to connect events to times\n('on' a day or date, 'at' a time, etc), the particle に is used in Japanese._",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-23T18:42:30.753",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69664",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've just started studying Japanese so I'm using Hiragana. \nIn the book it says \n\n> \"It's 1 o'clock\"\n\nis\n\n> \"いちじです\"\n\nin Japanese. \nBut if I want to use the form\n\n> \"X はいちじです\"\n\nthen what should \"X\" be?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-23T15:29:35.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69661",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "34770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is \"It is x o'clock\" in Japanese with subject",
"view_count": 2147
}
|
[
{
"body": "Most formally, we say:\n\n> 「只今{ただいま}の時刻{じこく} + は + X時{じ}です。」\n\nTo continue roughly in the order of formality, we replace 「只今の時刻」 by:\n\n> 「現在{げんざい}の時刻」\n>\n> 「今{いま}の時刻」\n>\n> 「今」\n\nPlease remember, however, that just saying 「X時です。」 is completely grammatical,\nnormal, common, natural-sounding, etc. in Japanese.\n\nFinally, by replacing the 「時刻{じこく}」 by 「時間{じかん}」 in the phrases above, they\nbecome slightly less formal as well.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-23T15:58:01.830",
"id": "69664",
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},
{
"body": "Japanese sometimes don't say subjects in daily conversations . In Japan ,\npeople are needed to guess what other people mean or want to say . But in fact\n, we think it is polite and easy to understand to say subjects .\n\nI think that too \" Xじです \" ( X is a number ) is a normal expression that we\nusually use .",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2019-07-25T15:12:14.910",
"id": "69702",
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"score": 1
}
] |
69661
|
69664
|
69664
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69666",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence is 水道の水を飲んでも大丈夫です. The English translation is, \"You can drink the\nwater from the tap.\" I have learned ～てもいいです is for giving or asking for\npermission. Is this just the same thing but possibly more casually? Switching\nout the いい for 大丈夫? If not, I'm not sure what else a te form verb + も大丈夫 could\nmean.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-23T15:30:21.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2019-07-23T18:39:48.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What does the も particle in this sentence do or perhaps the phrase でも大丈夫です?",
"view_count": 168
}
|
[
{
"body": "I think that the translation is good, but it fails to capture what the grammar\nis doing here. Here is what (in my opinion) is a more literal translation,\nthough slightly less natural to English speakers.\n\n> 水道の水を飲んでも大丈夫です. \n> _Even if_ you drink water from the tap, its okay.\n\nThe base て + も grammar is often translated to `even; even if; even though`.\nYou can study more about this grammar\n[here](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82-temo/). Suffice it to say that there are\nlot of potential uses beyond what you are already using it for.\n\nTo keep the answer from getting too long, I'll only talk about situations\nwhere permission is given. Just know that the use for this grammar is much\nmore expansive, and I recommend that you follow the link.\n\nYou ask:\n\n> I have learned ～てもいいですfor giving or asking for permission. Is this just the\n> same think but possibly more casually? Switching out the いい for 大丈夫?\n\nYou are right to translate the two to have the same general meaning. However,\nI can't really say whether or not it is more casual. It's a different word, so\nthere's just a slightly different meaning. To my understanding ～てもいい means\nthat _(verbing) is acceptable._ ～ても大丈夫 carries more of a feeling that _it is\nokay to (verb)._ In translation, these subtleties are often lost so the end\nresult often ends up being the same.\n\nHere are some ways that you can give permission using this grammar (apologies\nfor the repeats):\n\n> **～てもいい** -- (Verbing) is acceptable. \n> **～ても大丈夫** -- It is okay to (verb). \n> **～ても構｛かま｝いません** -- I don't care if you (verb). \n> **～てもけっこうです** -- I am okay with you (verbing). (This is more casual than\n> the others.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-23T17:04:43.340",
"id": "69666",
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"score": 3
}
] |
69662
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|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69669",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know 〜はどう言う意味ですか？ but how might you ask this question in a casual setting\namong friends?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T00:16:35.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69668",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T00:26:15.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Casual ways to ask meaning?",
"view_count": 141
}
|
[
{
"body": "A phrase like this can be asked a lot of ways, in a casual tone.\n\nSimplest I think would be:\n\n> ｘｘって何｛なに｝？\n\nThis can be used both for meaning and also identification of objects.\n\nIf you want to be specific about asking for a meaning, I'd try:\n\n> ｘｘの意味｛いみ｝は何｛なに｝？\n\nOr, say, something with two possible meanings, I'd go with:\n\n> ｘｘって、何｛なん｝の意味｛いみ｝？\n\nor\n\n> ｘｘって、どんな意味？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T00:26:15.290",
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"owner_user_id": "21684",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69668
|
69669
|
69669
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69678",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Given the following English:\n\n> \"A woman's torso, its skin a deathly purple, sat atop an immense arachnid\n> thorax.\"\n\nIt's possible to rearrange the prepositional phrases and still have a\ngrammatically correct English sentence. For example:\n\n> \"Its skin a deathly purple, a woman's torso sat atop an immense arachnid\n> thorax.\"\n\nIs perfectly fine, likewise:\n\n> \"A woman's torso sat atop an immense arachnid thorax, its skin a deathly\n> purple.\"\n\nIs also correct (though in this case it might become a little unclear if the\nspider thorax is purple or the woman's torso, or the monster as a whole).\n\nFrom a literary standpoint, this could easily be used if, for example, the\nauthor wanted to draw the reader's attention to different parts of the\ncreature at different times, or, in this case, to create the sense that the\nviewer of the creature is noticing different features in a certain order.\n\nFor my example, it's the latter, with some added context:\n\n> \"The hulking shadow finally came into sharp focus. \n> A woman's torso, its skin a deathly purple, sat atop an immense arachnid\n> thorax.\"\n\nIn this case, the passage gives the impression that as the creature moves from\nthe shadows into the light, the first thing noticed is a woman's torso, then\nthe torso's color, then the fact that the torso is a part of a much larger\ncreature with a spider body.\n\nIn translating this into Japanese, is it possible to preserve this literary\nstylization?\n\nAt first, one might think to write something like:\n\n> 「死人のような真っ青な肌の女性の胴体が莫大なクモの体と結合された。」\n\nBut the problem with this is that it changes the order in which the creature's\nfeatures become visible (first evoking the image of color, then the image of\nthe woman's torso, then the monster body, rather than the woman's torso, then\nits color, then the monster body). So then, like in English, is it possible in\nJapanese to reorder the prepositional phrase \"...[its/with] skin a deathly\npurple...\" so that it comes in the middle of the sentence, perhaps something\nlike:\n\n> 「女性の胴体が、死人のような真っ青な肌で、莫大なクモ体と結合された。」\n\nBut, at least to me, this seems to give the impression that the color is the\nagent by which the female torso and spider body are joined, which is certainly\nnot the intent of the passage. Perhaps the problem is the use of the particle\nで?\n\nAs an aside, I'm sure that the intent of the English could be preserved by\nbreaking it up into multiple Japanese sentences, but the concern there is it\ncould add too much \"baggage\" to the passage, possibly making it become purple\nprose.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T03:56:40.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69670",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T16:28:12.427",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-24T15:01:27.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "12033",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese",
"word-order"
],
"title": "Is it possible to preserve the literary style of this English passage in Japanese by rearranging the prepositional phrases?",
"view_count": 384
}
|
[
{
"body": "In the usual sense, no. There isn't any way qualifying a phrase from behind in\nthe Japanese grammar. I remember I've answered a similar question long ago\n([Rendering an appositive “which” clause in\nJapanese](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20851/7810)). Workarounds\nexist, though there wouldn't be finite ways to cover all cases.\n\n> 女性の上半身、死体のように赤黒い肌をしたそれが、巨大なクモの胴の上に鎮座している。\n\nIt separates the first noun phrase from the sentence and links to it again\nusing それ. This is more or less faithful to the original flow, but carries a\nhint of translationese.\n\n> 女性の上半身が、死体のように赤黒い肌をして、巨大なクモの胴の上に鎮座している。\n\nIn _this particular case_ , it works. Though it is grammatically tricky (being\na dirty type of [zeugma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeugma_and_syllepsis)),\nit fully conveys the meaning of your English. Your ～肌で however does not work,\nbecause it'd mean something weird here: \"by a method being a skin --\".\n\n> 女性の上半身だ。（それは）死体のような赤黒い肌で、巨大なクモの胴の上に鎮座している。\n\nThe safest way is to break up the sentence, like this example. それは within\nparentheses is usually not written, but for your reference and grammatical\nclarification.\n\n* * *\n\n**PS**\n\nIf you really care about literary effect of word order, be noted that well-\ntuned English ↔ Japanese translation often involves radical rearrangement with\nlittle regard for grammatical correspondence. For example, see [the comparison\nbetween Japanese and English manuals of the video game Crazy\nTaxi](http://chigai.pico2culture.jp/article/178513778.html). Most notably IMO:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ondah.jpg)",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T16:28:12.427",
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}
] |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The title may not be so clear, here is what I mean:\n\n々 is used to avoid repeating a _kanji_. In some cases, the two may not be\npronounced the same because the first consonant of the second _kanji_ is\nvoiced (e.g. [時]{とき}[々]{どき}), but they still have the same reading.\n\nAre there cases where the two have different readings ( _kun'yomi_ and\n_on'yomi_ , or two different _kun_ or two different _on_ )?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T08:52:52.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69674",
"last_activity_date": "2019-08-24T07:13:56.657",
"last_edit_date": "2019-08-24T07:13:56.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "30039",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography",
"multiple-readings",
"symbols",
"irregularities-exceptions"
],
"title": "Can 々 stand for a duplicated kanji with a different reading?",
"view_count": 939
}
|
[
{
"body": "I wouldn't necessarily say 々 is used to avoid having to write the same _kanji_\nagain, but rather to make it clear that the word is obtained by duplication of\na character — moreover the reading should be doubled (with _rendaku_ where\napplicable).\n\nFor example, 日本国語大辞典 (via\n[kotobank.jp](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%80%85-597338)) has\n\n> **のま【々】**\n>\n> (「々」が、かたかなの「ノ」と「マ」を組み合わせたように見えるところからの通称。「ノマ」とかたかなで表記する)\n> 同じ漢字が続いて繰り返されるとき、第二字に代えて用いる記号で、 **読みは第一字に従う**\n> 。漢字の「繰り返し記号」で、重字、畳字ともいい、かたかなの「ヽ」、ひらがなの「ゝ」とともに「おどり字」の一種。その形は「仝」の変形ともいわれるが、中国でも用いられていた二点 \n> 「[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4Naaz.gif)」 \n> が日本で変化して出来たものか。同の字点。\n>\n> 日本国語大辞典 via [kotobank.jp](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%80%85-597338),\n> emphasis added\n\nWhether you take it as a hard rule or not, I don't think anyone would think it\na good idea to use 々 when then reading of the _kanji_ is different.\n\nFor example, one usually writes\n\n * 日々 _hibi_\n * 日にち _hinichi_\n\nIn principle both can also be written 日日 (which they usually aren't for\ndisambiguation), but I don't think that 日々 would ever be used to mean 日にち.\n\n* * *\n\nJust for fun, there is of course 明々後日 _shiasatte_ , but this is probably not\nwhat you had in mind.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T12:09:01.873",
"id": "69676",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T12:30:31.907",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-24T12:30:31.907",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
},
{
"body": "Yes. For example, here are two places in Chiba:\n\n * 酒々井 (しすい)\n * 行々林 (おどろばやし)\n\nYou could also make arguments for 神々廻 (ししば), too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T00:07:20.203",
"id": "69687",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-25T00:07:20.203",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34789",
"parent_id": "69674",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
] |
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| null |
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69679",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently came across the phrase `はいてなかったり` which has me stumped.\n\nFor context, a character utters the phrase after dismissing the possibility of\nsomething:\n\n**_Character:_** Oh, those guys? Yeah, they're pretty weird, but I don't think\nthey're criminals. はいてなかったり...\n\n**_EDIT:_** Below is the original sentence in Japanese. I decided to\nparaphrase a bit because it was talking about love-related stuff that I felt\nmight add more confusion to the issue.\n\n**Character:** いろいろ奇怪な行動が多いから... 恋とは無縁なのかなぁと... はいてなかったり...\n\nA fellow translator translated it as `I just don't see it...` but I can't\nfigure out how they got there.\n\nI can't find the phrase in any online dictionary, but it seems to be a fairly\ncommon phrase online (e.g. `はいたりはいてなかったり`, `スカートはいてなかったり～`). I can't figure\nout the meaning of those examples either.\n\nCould it be a form of `はい` which is being negated, as in `something not\nthere`?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T13:47:58.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69677",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T17:19:54.610",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-24T14:03:55.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "31095",
"owner_user_id": "31095",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"definitions"
],
"title": "Meaning of はいてなかったり?",
"view_count": 227
}
|
[
{
"body": "This is a very, very context dependent question. Not just a matter of a few\nsentences, but over volumes of the comic. I have never read it myself, but the\n[みつどもえ fansite](http://325.liblo.jp/) contained enough circumstantial evidence\nto answer. My confidence that this is where is came from is that the lines\nいろいろ奇怪な行動が多いから... 恋とは無縁なのかなぁと... are [on this\npage](http://325.liblo.jp/ep156.html). (This would have been a LOT easier if\nyou would have just told us where it came from. (-_-;)\n\nはいてなかったり is referring to not wearing underwear as a case-in-point example of\nthe \"strange things they do\" that makes the speaker think the persons she is\ntalking about (most likely\n[佐藤が好きでしょうがない隊](http://325.liblo.jp/wds.html#%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E9%9A%8A))\nare far from having a romantic relationship.\n\nApparently\n[緒方愛梨](http://325.liblo.jp/ch%E7%B7%92%E6%96%B9%E6%84%9B%E6%A2%A8.html), who\nis a member of the 佐藤が好きでしょうがない隊 and the only one who goes commando, thinks\nwearing underwear will hinder having a romantic relationship.\n`はいてない。パンツを恋敵と認め決別して以来(*53)、一貫してノーパンスタイルを貫いている。`\n\nSince\n[ノーパン](http://325.liblo.jp/wds.html#%E5%B8%B8%E6%99%82%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E5%A5%B3)\nis a recurring theme throughout the series and the speaker is talking about\nthe \"strange behavior\" of the group 緒方 is in, it is obvious to the reader that\nshe is talking about not wearing underwear.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T17:01:18.033",
"id": "69679",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T17:19:54.610",
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"last_editor_user_id": "1761",
"owner_user_id": "1761",
"parent_id": "69677",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
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69679
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69689",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm learning Japanese, so I've been reading an action story to practice.\n\nA scientist sends a pen drive to the news in order to expose some terrorists\nthat were misusing his research for war purposes. The news makes a report\nabout the theoretical assessments of his research, but the scientist is\nconfused because the data on the pen drive was different.\n\n> 兵器転用の内容、だったはずだ。\n\nFrom what I can understand, 兵器転用 is something like \"weaponization\" but I'm not\nsure.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T21:29:28.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69682",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-28T03:03:20.413",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-24T22:21:35.390",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "34785",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"sentence"
],
"title": "I don't understand what 兵器転用 and 内容 means in this sentence",
"view_count": 107
}
|
[
{
"body": "兵器 just means war weapon, and 転用 means (re-)using something for another\npurpose. In this context, 内容 refers to the content of the data in the drive.\n\nSo the sentence in question is essentially the same as 兵器へ転用するという内容だったはずだ (\"I\nbelieve the data was about using my research for weapons\"). 兵器転用 is not a\ncommon compound listed in dictionaries, but there is no particle between 兵器\nand 転用 because this is the exact topic of the current story, and the speaker\nthinks it can be treated almost like a set phrase. Therefore, 'weaponization'\nseems to be a good translation to me.\n\nRelated: [the omission of an implied \"の\" creates the appearance of a\n四字熟語{よじじゅくご}?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19365/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T00:47:19.183",
"id": "69689",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69682
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69689
|
69689
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69688",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A friend recently texted me 'いつ帰ってくるんー？'. I understand the question, but I\ndon't understand why んー would be added to the end of the verb. Is this to add\nemphasis or emotional context?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T21:32:47.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69683",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-25T01:25:09.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33421",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"slang"
],
"title": "adding んー to the end of a phrase (e.g. いつ帰ってくるんー？)",
"view_count": 199
}
|
[
{
"body": "> 「いつ帰{かえ}ってくる **んー** ？」\n\n「ん」＝「の」\n\nAround Kansai, it is common to end a question with a 「ん」 in colloquial speech.\nThe 「ー」 should be for emphasis as you said.\n\nThus, a more \"Standard\" way to say the same thing would be:\n\n> 「いつ帰ってくる **の～** ？」\n\nKansai ladies have asked me questions such as:\n\n「うちのこと、ホンマに好{す}きな **ん** ？」 \"Do you really like me?\"\n\n「最近{さいきん}めっちゃ回答{かいとう}したはるけど、ヒマな **ん** ？」 \"You've been answering a lotta\nquestions lately. Are you bored silly?\"\n\nDisclaimer: If your friend is **not** from around Kansai, please ignore this\nanswer. I would have no idea what 「んー」 meant, then, in his/her dialect. It is\nalways helpful to tell us where the speaker is from when asking these\nquestions.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T00:29:02.500",
"id": "69688",
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"parent_id": "69683",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
] |
69683
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69688
|
69688
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69686",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is my sentence なんか俺 体力低下してんなぁ meaning \"I feel like I am getting weaker.\"\n低下 means to fall/decline and it is a noun and can be used as a suru verb. It\nseems suru is in it's te form here, my guess is because it's describing an\nongoing state and I believe the ん in してんなぁ is the \"explanatory\" ~ んです. If that\nis the case, what purpose does the なぁ have at the end of this statement and\nwhat effect does having this explanatory statement provide instead of just\nsaying なんか俺 体力低下して. The following sentence is 手がふるえる and this is from Yotsuba\n(1st chapter).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T21:57:08.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69684",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T23:28:38.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"explanatory-の"
],
"title": "What does the ending to this する conjugation mean してんなぁ?",
"view_count": 511
}
|
[
{
"body": "～してんなぁ is a contraction of ～してるなぁ (which in itself is a contraction of\n～しているなぁ, as you probably know). る sometimes becomes ん before certain\nconsonants.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T23:28:38.393",
"id": "69686",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T23:28:38.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "69684",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69684
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69686
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm reading Yotsuba (1st chapter) and I have come across the sentence\n\n`じゃあ俺が用意してきてやるおまえ片付けてろ.`\n\nThe sentence translates as \"WELL I'LL GO GET SOME STUFF THEN. YOU STAY HERE\nAND CLEAN UP.\" I'm having trouble understanding what the きてやる means in\nじゃあ俺が用意してきてやる. I've found from this link,\n<https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/%E3%81%A6%E3%82%84%E3%82%8B> , that てやる\nmeans that someone is doing something for someone else. That makes sense in\nthis situation. Unfortunately, I do not know what purpose the きて is doing here\nthough.If the sentence were じゃあ俺が用意してやる then that would make sense. The きて\nmakes me think that this is perhaps some \"auxiliary verb.\" Something that I am\nnot very good at recognizing. If anyone could help out, then I would really\nappreciate it.\n\nAlso, if it's not too much trouble, I would greatly appreciate someone telling\nme where the て comes from in 片付けてろ too since jisho says the verb is 片付ける.\n\nBig thanks to whomever can help. I'm finding that reading is hard.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-24T22:40:00.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69685",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-24T22:40:00.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "33404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "What does してきてやる mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 449
}
|
[] |
69685
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Which particle, が（は）or を、 is correct to use with てある?\n\nAccording to my textbook, が（は）should be used. For example,\n\n> ヒーターがつけてあります。\n\nBut a native Japanese speaker has told me that he'd use を instead of が. By the\nway, he is from Kagawa. Can it possibly be 香川弁? Or is it not about a dialect?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T01:12:53.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69690",
"last_activity_date": "2022-05-03T23:49:22.447",
"last_edit_date": "2022-05-03T23:49:22.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "31549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Particle を with てある",
"view_count": 208
}
|
[
{
"body": "> ヒーターがつけてあります。a\n\n> ヒーターをつけてあります。b\n\nThese are both natural and grammatical in the standard Japanese. This is not a\ndialect It's just the difference in subjects.\n\nIn a, the speaker is using Vてある almost like an adjective that means \"of the\nstate of being Ved.\" Here, the V is \"turn on,\" which makes the quasi-adjective\n(not an official term) \"the state of being turned on\" And what is in this\nstate? The heat.\n\nIn b, the subject is the person who's left the heat turned on. ている can take\nthe place of English perfective aspect (have Ved) in Japanese. When the verb\nis transitive, you can make it てある to mean \"have left Ved.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-04-03T22:46:54.510",
"id": "93965",
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69690
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93965
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69709",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can you distinguish two verbs when the dictionary form of one is exactly\nthe same as the \"potential\" form of another. E.g:\n\n * 開く [Godan verb with ku ending, intransitive verb] (Potential form: **開ける** ) \n\n * **開ける** [Ichidan verb, Transitive verb] (Potential form: 開けられる)\n\nAs I understand it, both are related to opening something so they'd be used in\nsimilar contexts, & both in \"masu\" form (with 開く firstly put into potential\nform) would be \"開けます\". In this case 開ける is transitive & 開く intransitive, so\nthey'd differ by を or が respectively when used in a sentence; however, I can\nimagine that this isn't always the case.\n\nWould you be able to _consistently_ tell the difference by particle used? Is\nthis just a case where it comes down to context / homonyms? Or am I\nfundamentally misunderstanding something?\n\n_Edit 1_ : Didn't realise that the kanji I picked actually related to two\ndifferent sets of words where the above applies;「あく」&「あける」as well\nas「ひらく」&「ひらける」. I'm getting the feeling, looking at some of these cases, that\nit'll just be contextual + memorisation, and sometimes it could actually just\nbe both & it's up to the speaker / listener to clarify; if anyone has tips\nthough, I'd be happy to hear them.\n\n_Edit 2_ : Just came across: [Potential form vs Intransitive\nVerbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36811/potential-form-vs-\nintransitive-verbs?rq=1), but I don't feel like the answer really squares. The\nexample I gave seems to line up with the example the asker there gave,\nexcept「あける」is both the potential form of「あく」, and also an _in_ transitive\nverb. Conversely, both「ひらける」and「ひらく」can be intransitive (according to the\ndictionary I'm looking at).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T01:37:32.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69691",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-26T02:26:49.050",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-25T06:30:11.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "34791",
"owner_user_id": "34791",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"potential-form",
"homonyms"
],
"title": "Distinguish between homonyms & potential form",
"view_count": 242
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Would you be able to consistently tell the difference by particle used?\n\nThe short answer is no. Sometimes it is impossible to tell the correct reading\nwithout thinking of the context. 開く/開ける is exceptionally complex, but there\nare some other confusing kanji which has more than one kun-reading, for\nexample, 辛い（からい・つらい）, 汚れる（よごれる・けがれる）, 怒る（おこる・いかる）, 弾く（ひく・はじく） and\n被る（かぶる・こうむる）. You have to learn the appropriate reading from examples.\n\n* * *\n\nHere is the list of potential readings and meanings of 開く/開ける.\n\n**開く**\n\n * あく (intransitive) to open \n\n> ドアがあく。店があく。\n\n * ひらく (intransitive) to open; (transitive) to open something \n\n> ドアがひらく。ドアをひらく。店がひらく。店をひらく。\n\n**開ける**\n\n * あける (transitive) to open something \n\n> ドアをあける。店をあける。\n\n * ひらける (potential-form of transitive ひらく) can open something \n\n> 店をひらけるほどの服がある。\n\n * ひらける (intransitive) to spread out; to become clear/vast \n\n> 視界がひらける。家がひらけた土地に建っている。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-26T02:26:49.050",
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"score": 3
}
] |
69691
|
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|
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69693",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been reading a book in Japanese in order to learn new kanji, words, etc.,\nbut I've come across something I can't seem to translate. The sentence is as\nfollows.\n\n> 老人にも若者にも、富豪にも乞食にも、学者にも無頼漢にも、イヤ女にさえも、全くその人になり切ってしまうことができるといいます。\n\nI'm familiar with all the words and grammar within the sentence, and, based on\ncontext clues, I think I have a rough understanding of what this sentence\nmeans. But I'm a bit uncertain of what なり切ってしまう actually means, as I don't\nthink we're talking about the verb 'to cut'. It's my understanding that 切る has\na good handful of other meanings, so I thought it must be one of those which\nI'm unfamiliar with.\n\nAnd, to give a little bit of context in case that helps, this is from Edogawa\nRanpo's novel「怪人二十面相」and the sentence above is describing the thief's ability\nto disguise himself.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T01:46:19.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69692",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-25T04:43:57.053",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "29707",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What does なり切ってしまう mean?",
"view_count": 151
}
|
[
{
"body": ">\n> 「富豪{ふごう}にも乞食{こじき}にも、学者{がくしゃ}にも無頼漢{ぶらいかん}にも、イヤ女にさえも、全{まった}くその人になり切{き}ってしまうことができるといいます。」\n\n「なり切る」 means \" **to really get into the role** \", \" **to act a role\nperfectly** \", etc.\n\n「なる」 in this expression means \" ** _to become ~~_** \" in the sense of \" ** _to\nplay the role of ~~_** \"\n\n「切る」 here means \" **to do something completely or to the end** \".\n\n> \"From tycoon to beggar, scholar to scoundrel, and even a woman -- (this man)\n> is said to be capable of acting any kind of role just perfectly.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T02:03:17.207",
"id": "69693",
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}
] |
69692
|
69693
|
69693
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "69697",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My company (a Japanese startup) issued me a set of business cards. The\ninformation on the card is almost entirely in English. Except for the company\naddress, the only other bit in Japanese is「ムルさん」in small font beneath my\nEnglish name.\n\nWhen I was asked for what to mention on the card, I'd only specified my\npreferred English name (I assumed they'd pick the Katakana version from my\ncontract and related forms). However, I do generally ask people to call me ムル.\n\nI have never seen 「ーさん」 in a business card before, and find it surprising. It\nfeels like like saying \"I'm ムルさん.\" Is that the case?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T02:58:03.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69695",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-25T03:29:54.933",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18189",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"honorifics",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "If my business card says 〇〇さん, does that mean I'm referring to myself with an honourific?",
"view_count": 2553
}
|
[
{
"body": "Adding -さん is definitely not conventional as a formal Japanese name card. But\nEnglish-only name cards are not conventional in the first place, and hardly\nsticking to the traditional style may not be always good for a startup.\nGetting to know how to call each other is one of the difficult tasks in\nforeign communications. If I received a name card with ムルさん on it, I might be\na little surprised, too, but I would take it as a practical and friendly\ncomment, \"please call me ムル-san (instead of Mr. Smith, Professor, etc)\".\nUnlike 様, さん is not a super respectful suffix, so no one would think you are\nbeing arrogant.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T03:24:17.403",
"id": "69697",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-25T03:29:54.933",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-25T03:29:54.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69695",
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"score": 17
}
] |
69695
|
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|
69697
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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following text is taken out of a novel.\n\n> 「お人好しもいいですけど、hIE (インターフェース) が動いているところに手を出したら、かえって処理に負荷をかけますよ」\n\nKengo knew his computers and machines, though. “Best not interfere when an\nInterfacer is at work. You'll only get in the way.” By Interfacer he meant hIE\nof course, a Humanoid Interface Element, an android in human form.\n\nMy attempt:\n\n> It's nice of you, but if you interfere when an Interfacer is working, it\n> will rather put a heavy load on the process.\n\nor\n\n> It's good-hearted of you and all but, if you interfere when an Interfacer is\n> working, the altered process will cause an overload.\n\nNot sure if it's 変って処理 or 却って処理.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T03:34:17.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69698",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-25T08:17:19.627",
"last_edit_date": "2019-07-25T08:17:19.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "32890",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Does かえって処理 mean \"altered process\"",
"view_count": 91
}
|
[
{
"body": "> Not sure if its 変って処理 or 却って処理\n\nThe former would read [変]{かわ}って. You might have been thinking of [変]{か}える.\n\nBy elimination it is thus the latter, meaning \"on the contrary\" to emphasize\nthat the good intention is misguided (and it is not related to 処理).\n\nAs for 負担をかける, I would agree with \"overload\" if talking about an automated\nprocess, but if the object is sentient (an android is reasonably close to a\nperson), then the idea is more _being a burden_ to them, so \"get in the way\"\nwould be my choice.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T04:01:48.483",
"id": "69699",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-25T04:01:48.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34714",
"parent_id": "69698",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
] |
69698
| null |
69699
|
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The 4 elements of this japanese kanji are understood, but I cannot see/intuit\nany connection between them that might result in the concept of 'baron'. Can\nanyone shed some light on this mystery?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T11:34:40.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69700",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-25T11:34:40.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "34797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "爵 how do the 'elements' combine to result in 'baron'",
"view_count": 163
}
|
[] |
69700
| null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "69707",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the mean difference between 取引先との付き合い方 and 取引先の付き合い方?\n\nThank for support me.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-25T12:31:25.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "69701",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-26T01:21:50.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11229",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the mean difference between 取引先との付き合い方 and 取引先の付き合い方?",
"view_count": 99
}
|
[
{
"body": "If you don't know how との, への, からの and so on work yet, please learn it first:\n[Grammar of との, what is the\nmeaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17738/5010) / [Why can we use の\nafter へ and から?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27363/5010)\n\nSo, 取引先 **との** 付き合い方 means \"how to get along with your business partners\" or\n\"the way to deal with business partners\". Note that 付き合い方 is a noun which by\nitself means something like 'communication methods'. This is the recommended\nchoice if you want to build a formal and unambiguous sentence.\n\n取引先 **の** 付き合い方 is an ambiguous expression since の is a generic linking\nparticle that has a wide variety of functions, one of which is to mark the\nsubject of an action. It can mean the same thing as 取引先 **との** 付き合い方, but it\ncan also mean \"how the business partner deals with (us or someone else)\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-07-26T01:21:50.080",
"id": "69707",
"last_activity_date": "2019-07-26T01:21:50.080",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "69701",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
] |
69701
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69707
|
69707
|
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