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list | id
stringlengths 1
6
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stringlengths 2
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "83270",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 外国人は無意識にやるけど、日本人は好きじゃないこういっていうのがあるんですね。\n\nThe translation is: there is an act that foreigners do unconsciously but\nJapanese people don't like.\n\nThe only part I don't understand is \"こういっていうのが\" Could you please explain?\nThank you very much in advance :)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-25T23:51:02.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83269",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-26T02:17:29.530",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-26T00:41:24.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "39755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can you help me understand the grammar of this sentence?",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "> こういっていうのがある\n\nこうい should be [行為]{こうい}, \"act, conduct\".\n\n～っていうの is a casual way of saying ～というもの (～と言う物 in kanji).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-26T02:17:29.530",
"id": "83270",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-26T02:17:29.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "83269",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 83269 | 83270 | 83270 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83272",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pGf7r.png)\n\nI know the individual words but I'm not familiar with the form used in the\nleft bubble so I am not sure what she is trying to convey.\n\ncontext: they were talking about something else, and a cat passed by. The\nbrown hair girl glared at it then we get this panel.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-26T04:49:33.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83271",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-26T05:02:08.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40315",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"manga"
],
"title": "how does と～と～による work?",
"view_count": 425
} | [
{
"body": "This is not a grammar point. と is simply acting conjunctively to link nouns\nwhile による here means \"depending on\". Here is how the sentence is parsed:\n\n> （時と場合と猫）による \n> It depends on the time, the situation, and the cat.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-26T05:02:08.653",
"id": "83272",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-26T05:02:08.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"parent_id": "83271",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 83271 | 83272 | 83272 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 日本語で一番難しいのは、 **一つのことに対して** たくさんの言い方があることです。\n\nEverything I can find on に対して says it means towards, against, regarding, in\ncontrast to, etc.\n\nIn the above example sentence, it seems to mean something like \"for the\npurpose of,\" standing in for the \"for\" in English.\n\nHow would you categorize this usage of に対して?\n\nI guess the closest match is \"regarding,\" but that feels like a stretch.\n\nIf one of the uses of に対して is \"for verbing,\" how do I know when to use that\ninstead of something like ために or anything else?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-26T10:58:08.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83275",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-26T21:44:37.703",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-26T21:44:37.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "38808",
"owner_user_id": "38808",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"definitions"
],
"title": "Using に対して to express \"for,\" \"for the purpose of,\" or \"for verbing\"",
"view_count": 104
} | []
| 83275 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The question above is an exercise in the usage of まで vs までに. I thought that\nbecause the action 時間がかかる continued until the bus arrived at the station, the\nanswer should be まで.\n\nHowever, the answer given in the exercise book is までに. But I don't understand\nwhy. (I guess the key is whether a Japanese speaker would conceptualize 時間がかかる\nas 瞬間的 or 継続的 but I am not sure.)\n\nCould someone please explain why the answer is までに?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-26T12:43:40.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83276",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T10:55:40.857",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "まで or までに in 「道が混んでいて、バスが駅に着く＿＿とても時間がかかった」?",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "I'm a Japanese native, and 「道が混んでいて、バスが駅に着くまでとても時間がかかった」 would sound natural\nto me.\n\nIf I had to compare the two:\n\n> 道が混んでいて、バスが駅に着くまでとても時間がかかった \n> 道が混んでいて、バスが駅に着くまでにとても時間がかかった\n\nI think the former sets the mental time to the moment the bus arrived, while\nthe latter sets that moment in the past. I don't think it makes any\nsignificant semantic difference with this example though.\n\nIn the following example, the former sounds better (and the latter sounds\nunnatural).\n\n> 車内が臭くて、バスが駅に着くまで息ができなかった \n> 車内が臭くて、バスが駅に着くまでに息ができなかった\n\nIMO this is because you couldn't breathe up until the point of time when the\nbus arrived. It'd be odd to say \"you had finished not breathing by the time\nthe bus arrived\" (the latter phrasing).\n\nIn the following example, it's the opposite, and only the latter works.\n\n> 車内が暑くて、バスが駅に着くまでアイスが溶けてしまった \n> 車内が暑くて、バスが駅に着くまでにアイスが溶けてしまった\n\nIMO this is because it's odd to say the icecream melted up to a specific point\nin time when the bus arrived (one wonders if the icecream might stop being\nmelted at that point). It's more natural to say the icecream had finished\nmelting by the time the bus arrived.\n\nWith the bus example, both are not unnatural ways of saying it, and IMO thus\nboth work.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T10:55:40.857",
"id": "83311",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T10:55:40.857",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "83276",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 83276 | null | 83311 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83286",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "体重が増えればいいってことじゃなくて\n\nAs a beginner-intermediate learner, my first reading of the (partial) sentence\nwas along the lines of \"it wouldn't be good to gain weight [and]...\" but the\ngiven translation has an almost opposite meaning with \"it's not just that it\nwould be good to gain weight...\".\n\nI've been wrestling with this for a while and I think I've gotten my bearings\nsomewhat. The two things confusing me are (1) the positive meaning, and (2)\nthe \"not just\".\n\nIs it right to say:\n\n(1) it's positive because it uses the \"いいじゃない\" structure rather than a\nnegatively conjugated \"よくない\"? It kind of got hazy for me because of the\nconversational 'ってこと' inserted, but I believe you can essentially ignore that\naspect.\n\n(2) is the \"just\" essentially because of the \"なくて\"?\n\nSo another way to parse the ending of the sentence is something like \"wouldn't\nit _and_...\" (because of the rhetorical negative and the -て continuation), but\nin context of the \"it would be good to gain weight\" base you can collapse it\ninto \"not just\" getting you the final meaning?\n\nI feel like I'm close but I'm not quite correctly parsing out the nuanced\nmeaning of the sentence. Like I'm 80% there. Or maybe I'm totally off!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-26T21:52:10.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83283",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T04:54:08.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41353",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Parsing positive じゃない statements — 体重が増えればいいってことじゃなくて",
"view_count": 66
} | [
{
"body": "* AってことじゃなくてB : (it) doesn’t mean A but B\n * 体重が増えればいい : it would be fine if you gain weight\n * 体重が増えればいいってことじゃなくて : (it) doesn’t mean that you can just gain weight (but ...)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T04:54:08.020",
"id": "83286",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T04:54:08.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "83283",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 83283 | 83286 | 83286 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I do not understand the grammar behind 帰りや in 遅くなる前に、帰りや。The meaning I have\nfor this sentence is \"Please go home before becoming late.\" It looks as if it\nis a grammar form using verb stem + や, but I can't find anything about such a\nform. It also appears that it has the meaning of making a request. I'm hoping\nsomeone can point me to the actual grammar principle being used and/or explain\nit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T00:27:47.973",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83285",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T04:57:41.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41355",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Ending Grammar in 遅くなる前に、帰りや。",
"view_count": 74
} | [
{
"body": "It’s a dialect that means 帰りなさい.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T04:57:41.563",
"id": "83287",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T04:57:41.563",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "83285",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 83285 | null | 83287 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I just read this chapter and was wondering what this sfx meant.\n\nfor context; luffy is passing big mom & kaido while zoro is observing what he\nis doing.\n\n\n\n\n\n",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T08:06:12.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83289",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-03T21:50:28.237",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-27T10:09:36.637",
"last_editor_user_id": "39118",
"owner_user_id": "39118",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"katakana",
"manga"
],
"title": "*one piece ch 1000 spoiler* what does チャキ mean?",
"view_count": 155
} | []
| 83289 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Do potential verbs followed by adjectives ending a sentence have to be in te\nform?\n\nFor example\n\n> 見られて嬉しい\n\ninstead of\n\n> 見られる嬉しい.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T08:56:13.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83291",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T12:24:01.410",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-27T11:16:24.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "41343",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"て-form",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Potential form verbs followed by adjectives to end a sentence have to be in te form?",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, [potential form in _te_ -form] + [ _i_ -adjective] is a common pattern.\nFor example\n\n> 逢えて嬉しい（です） \n> I'm glad we met / I'm glad we were able to meet\n\n> 消防車に乗れて楽しかった（です） \n> Being able to get on a fire truck was fun\n\nFrom a grammatical point of view, you cannot combine a verb in its basic form\n(e.g. 見られる) with an _i_ -adjective / adjectival verb (e.g. 嬉しい). You could\nnominalize the verb (e.g. 見られるのは嬉しい), but it would read like a general\nstatement, like \"I enjoy being watched\" (if 見られる is passive) or \"I enjoy being\nable to see [new things, say]\" (if 見られる is the potential form), but the latter\nis maybe not as natural as one would usually use the standard form rather than\nthe potential form.\n\nUsing the _te_ -form shows that the verbs happened in sequence, giving a\nnotion of causality, like\n\n> 見られて嬉しい \n> (lit.) I was able to see and then (or rather because of it) I'm happy now \n> I'm glad [that/because] I was able to see [it]",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T11:13:35.057",
"id": "83294",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T12:24:01.410",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-27T12:24:01.410",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "83291",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 83291 | null | 83294 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've come across both できんでえ and ~てやんでえ today but I'm not sure what they mean\nor what their origin is. There's some information relating to ~てやんでえ online\nwhich seems to point to it being a question (\"what did you say?\") in casual\nspeech:\n\n> 「保護と言えば、いつかこんなこと言っていた者もいたよ。『俺ら、前のことが分っちゃったもんで会社に入っている保険屋から断わらちゃったい。\n> ほんだもんでガン保険に入ることが **できんでえ** 。 そんな馬鹿な話あるけえなあ。 ガンが一番恐いのは俺たちなのになあ』って。 全くだよ」\n\nIs that right?\n\nEdit: The conversation is taking place between two men from 焼津市 and it's a\nreal conversation that took place about 30 years ago if that helps at all.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T09:38:19.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83292",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T11:17:03.723",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-28T11:17:03.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "18100",
"owner_user_id": "18100",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"contractions",
"kansai-ben",
"casual"
],
"title": "Casual speech - できんでえ / てやんでえ",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "From context, my take on できんでえ here is that it's a dialect version of できないのだ,\nprobably Kansai-ben, further abbreviated and shifted in a casual-speech\nregister.\n\n * できないのだ → できぬのだい → できんでえ\n\nThat said, I'm not that familiar with Kansai-ben, so I hope that those more\nknowledgeable might comment with any necessary corrections.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T08:24:09.430",
"id": "83304",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T08:24:09.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "83292",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "てやんでえ used to be a Kanto dialect (nowadays it's more of a stereotypical phrase\nassociated with edo-period commoners, and is not actually used in daily\ncontexts). It comes from 言っていやがるんだ and translates to \"what the hell are\nthey/you saying\". It's NOT a Kansai or Kyushu dialect. For example:\n\n```\n\n 「なんで高利貸しに金返すんだよ！」 「てやんでぇ！約束したものは返さねーとお天道様に申し訳がたたねぇ！」\n \n```\n\nAs for できんでえ, I'm not from that area but I'm pretty sure it means できないので.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T10:41:25.783",
"id": "83310",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T10:41:25.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "83292",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 83292 | null | 83310 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83296",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have learned that \"plate\" is both _sara_ and _osara_.\n\nThe fact that the _o_ can be attached implies to me that it is an honorific\n_o_ 御.\n\nMy dictionary gives the honorific _o_ as 御 but for _osara_ it gives it as お.\n\nIs \"plate\" written as both おさら and 御さら?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T12:34:00.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83295",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-30T02:37:44.857",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-27T13:36:41.153",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"orthography",
"nouns",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Is the ''o'' in ''osara'' (plate) an honorific o 御 or just a normal o お?",
"view_count": 585
} | [
{
"body": "In _osara_ , the _o_ is indeed honorific and it is commonly written in _kana_\nas お, but sometimes also as 御. As you are likely aware, there is often some\nflexibility in choosing between _kanji_ , _hiragana_ and _katakana_ to write\nany given text.\n\nAs for _osara_ , it would usually be written as お皿, because the honorific _o_\nis usually written お and because _sara_ is usually written 皿 (this _kanji_ is\ntaught already in third grade of primary school). As I mentioned, deviations\nare possible, but I would say that 御さら is actually a combination you will\nbasically never come across in real life. (Note that 御 is not taught until\nsecondary school.)\n\nThe same would be true about _ocha_ \"tea\", which will usually be written お茶,\nsometimes 御茶, rarely おちゃ and never 御ちゃ.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T13:35:07.453",
"id": "83296",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T13:35:07.453",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "83295",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "Most likely お in お皿 is an example of so called 女房言葉 - basically a way of\nmaking words sound \"polite\" or \"fancy\" by using the お prefix. There are many\nother examples used in everyday Japanese: おでん、おかか、おこわ、おはぎ etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-30T02:37:44.857",
"id": "83350",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-30T02:37:44.857",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41397",
"parent_id": "83295",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 83295 | 83296 | 83296 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83303",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't seem to find anything online or in any dictionary.\n\nMy conclusion is that there is no kanji but can anyone confirm this?\n\nIs there an archaic version that has gone out of use?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T14:28:30.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83297",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T21:51:40.450",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-27T20:21:46.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"counters"
],
"title": "Does the tsu つ counter have a kanji associated with it?",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "If we're talking about 一つ、二つ、三つ、etc...\n\nAccording to [jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/%E7%AE%87), \"箇\" is defined\nas:\n\n * Counter for the hito-futa-mi counting system (forming hitotsu, futatsu, mitsu, and misoji, yasoji, etc.)\n\nOther forms of this kanji include 個 and 个 as notated on the dictionary entry\nitself.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T21:36:57.697",
"id": "83303",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T21:51:40.450",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-27T21:51:40.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "34015",
"owner_user_id": "34015",
"parent_id": "83297",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 83297 | 83303 | 83303 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83299",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a hard time figuring out the meaning of し in the following sentence\n\n> 暗いし付いて行ってあげようか\n>\n> It's dark outside. Want me to go out with you ?\n\nIs it the し that serves to link two sentences together like the て in\n[https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23789/%e3%81%a6-versus-\ncombining-form-for-joining-\nclauses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/23789/%E3%81%A6-versus-\ncombining-form-for-joining-clauses) ?\n\nIt seems a bit strange to me because\n\n * the subject is not the same\n * I feel that the first sentence has a more causative meaning: since it's dark ...\n\nCould you clarify ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T15:15:31.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83298",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-27T16:52:34.097",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The meaning of し in the following context (maybe duplicate, maybe not)",
"view_count": 62
} | [
{
"body": "I have understood thanks to the link provided by – user3856370\n[https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/55597/%e3%81%97-grammar-\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/55597/%E3%81%97-grammar-\nquestion)\n\nthis し denotes indeed a reason.\n\nOther examples were provided in the link\n\n> 遅くなったし、もう帰ろう。 It's already late, so let's go back.\n>\n> だって怖かったし。 Well, coz I was scared.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-27T16:47:14.017",
"id": "83299",
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| 83298 | 83299 | 83299 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83309",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the full sentence I have come across.\n\n> せっかくなので おまえさんにあやしの地下水道のダンジョンじょうほうを教え **てしんぜよう** ポ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T09:43:00.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83308",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T10:26:13.953",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does the phrase 「～てしんぜよう」 mean?",
"view_count": 540
} | [
{
"body": "てしんぜよう means \"I'll do you a favor\", and it is a stereotypical phrase\nassociated with samurais. Generally, it gives an arrogant impression (or, at\nleast it signals that the speaker genuinely thinks of themselves to be \"above\"\nthe conversation partner). It is only used when the speaker is supposed to be\na samurai or similar.\n\nIn this particular case, it's used to create a certain character (together\nwith the unorthodox phrasing like \"あやし\" and \"ぽ\").\n\nSome sites claim it can be used in daily life, but IMHO unless you are above\n70 and want to come across as very arrogant, it would feel bizarre if someone\nuses it in a daily life context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T10:26:13.953",
"id": "83309",
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| 83308 | 83309 | 83309 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83316",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "ていうか、今日めっちゃ寒くね。 Today I've met this sentence and got confused. Why the\nsentence used 寒くinstead of using 寒い?Thanks very much in advance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T11:53:08.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83312",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T20:24:02.170",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Have a question on this sentence 「ていうか、今日めっちゃ寒くね。」",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "It is a very casual phrase, which is used by a part of teenagers or 20s. \n寒くね。 means \"寒くない？\" or \"寒くないか？\" (It is chilly, isn't it?)\n\n> やばくね！？ = やばくないか！？ (It is awful/incredible/awesome/terrible/too bad/...,\n> isn't it!?) \n> いけたくね？ = いけたんじゃないか？ (It worked well, doesn't it!?) \n>\n\n寒くないか？｛samukunaika?} → 寒くない？｛samukunai?} → 寒くね？{samukune?}\n\nSpeak \"kunai\" as fast as possible. It should be the almost same sound as\n\"kune\". \nThat's why they use \"くね？\".\n\nAgain, this is very casual and I think even many teenagers or 20s don't use\nit. Most uses \"くない？\" like \"寒くない？\" when they talk casually.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T20:17:14.667",
"id": "83316",
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| 83312 | 83316 | 83316 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83317",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Full text: 上期報酬等の額には、役員退職慰労引当金の当期増加額(取締役８百万円、監査役０百万円 ３ (うち社外０百万円))が含まれております.\n\nMy issue: A) 役員, Which will be the correct officer or executive?\n\nB) うち社外, What will be the correct translation, my guess was external auditors\nas うち社外 appears in brackets after 監査役(auditor) or is it about the external\nsource for retirement benefits?\n\nMy understanding: The amount of remuneration for the first half of the fiscal\nyear includes the current fiscal year increase in the reserves for retirement\nbenefits for officers/executives (¥8 million for directors and ¥0 million for\nauditors 3 (of which ¥0 million yen for external auditors)).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-28T16:24:23.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83314",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-28T20:28:00.823",
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"owner_user_id": "32678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "How should we translate 役員, うち社外?",
"view_count": 73
} | [
{
"body": "役員 is usually translated as officer. The extension of 役員 varies upon each\ncontext, though it is defined under the law.\n\nI think in this context it refers to director and auditor because only they\ntwo appear in the following part of the sentence.\n\nAs for うち社外. うち means \"including\".\n\nIn this context, 社外 means 社外取締役／監査役. It is omission for avoiding repetition.\nSo, 社外 means \"outside director/auditor\" in this context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T20:28:00.823",
"id": "83317",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 83314 | 83317 | 83317 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83318",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「そりゃ……あまねが喜んでくれることは、してあげたいと思わなくもないような、違うような、その反対なような……」\n\nAs i can translate this means something like \"Very... i want to please Amane,\nlooks like i kind of think about that...\" but next parth translation with\nmultiple ような is absolutely unclear for me...\n\n * そりゃ - very\n * あまねが喜んでくれることは - to please Amane\n * してあげたいと思わなくもないような - want to help to do, looks like i kind of think about that\n * 違うような - ???\n * その反対なような - ???\n\nThank you for any help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T19:50:20.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83315",
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"owner_user_id": "41000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Please help to understand ような grammar in this sentence",
"view_count": 96
} | [
{
"body": "ような normally means \"like\" \"as if\" or so.\n\nHowever, in this context ような is abbreviation of ような気がする. So, \"I kind of feel\nlike doing sth to please あまね\" is the meaning of the first phrase.\n\nThe rest of ような is also \"feel like\". I can tell you that the rest of ような\nphrases imply speakers' ambivalent state of mind by negating the former, but I\nmyself feel it's difficult to translate this to English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-28T20:49:17.873",
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| 83315 | 83318 | 83318 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "86859",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In this multiple-choice grammar question:\n\n```\n\n （ ）、この本を読むどころではなかった。\n \n A. 来客があって\n B. 字が小さくて\n C. 眼鏡がなくて\n \n```\n\nWhy does (A) sound more appropriate here than the other choices? I feel like I\nam missing a nuance with ~どころではない. These all seem like equally valid\ncircumstances that make reading not possible in this situation.\n\nSource: 新完全マスター：文法（N2）",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T00:01:11.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83319",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-28T09:45:25.993",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "35041",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Nuances of ～どころではない",
"view_count": 249
} | [
{
"body": "`どころ（ではない)`:\n\n> Definition by Jisho.org - the place for; the time for; the level of (usu.\n> with neg. sentence; indicates that what precedes it is at odds with the\n> seriousness or true extent of the situation)\n\nSo basically どころではない（じゃない, etc) means `This is not the place to be doing xx`,\nand it comes with a bit of a `self-restraint`(我慢) because of the environment\nor social status of the place, or the people around you (IMO).\n\nSo let's first analyze the two \"wrong\" sentences.\n\n> B) 字が小さくて、この本を読むどころではなかった。- The book was small, so it wasn't the right thing\n> to read it.\n\nThis does not make sense to me, as the reason to why it was a bad idea to read\nthe book.\n\n> C) 眼鏡がなくて、この本を読むどころではなかった。 - I did not have my glasses, so reading this book\n> was not the right thing to do. (it was no place to read).\n\nThis sounds more like being \"incapable\" of reading, rather than the `self-\nrestraint` nuance that this construction carries, so it doesn't fit. Something\n「眼鏡がなかったので、本が読めなかった」would've made sense instead.\n\nNow the correct answer:\n\n> A)来客があって、この本を読むどころではなかった。I had a visitor, so it wasn't the right place for\n> me to read this book.\n\nHere, the social norm dictates that it would be impolite to be reading the\nbook because you would be ignoring the visitor. Which makes the person `self-\nrestraint` and not read the book.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T06:17:47.443",
"id": "83324",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-29T06:31:31.943",
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{
"body": "どころではない is used when you have some _other_ thing to worry about and cannot\nfocus your attention to what you want to or are supposed to be doing. Of the\nthree options, only (A) involves such an external distraction, namely a guest.\nSmall letters and missing glasses in (B) and (C), on the other hand, are very\nmuch part of the reading itself.\n\nHaving said that, though, (B) and (C) are not totally wrong. They may make\nsense if the smallness of the letters distracts you so much that you cannot\nfocus on the content of the book, or if you are too busy looking for your\nglasses to sit and enjoy the book to begin with.\n\nI would say the best choice is still (A), though.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-05-28T09:45:25.993",
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| 83319 | 86859 | 86859 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83325",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a beginner. I was watching news about JAXA's はやぶさ2 mission and I think it\nis pronounced はやぶさ つ. Can someone please confirm that \"2\" is pronounced \"つ\"\nand explain why.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T01:25:37.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83320",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-29T06:53:55.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "41373",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"numbers"
],
"title": "How to pronounce \"2\" in はやぶさ2 (spacecraft / mission)",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "What you're hearing is likely just the Japanese way of saying the English\n\"two\"—which sounds like the つ sound because that \"t\" sound in words like \"two\"\nand \"two\" doesn't exist in Japanese.\n\nSome people may also call the spacecraft the はやぶさ2号, or \"Hayabusa 2-go,\" which\nI believe is the official name.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T06:53:55.230",
"id": "83325",
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| 83320 | 83325 | 83325 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83323",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am having trouble interpreting this sentence in a manga, the text was split\nin two bubbles which is why I separated them. 「日之出ん家でしてくればいいのに」\n「そうすりゃもっと長く一緒に居られる」\n\nfrom other threads, ～ばいいのに seems to imply wishing something happens or \"should\ndo (but haven't done)\". which leads me to think it means something like: \"I\nwish you would give me X, (it would be good) because Y\" \"I wish you would give\nme hinode's address, (it would be good because) you would be able to stay\ntogether longer\".\n\nHowever, the で particle usually means \"at\" (at a place/home/...) or \"with\"\n(with a tool/with scissors/etc). I have no idea what it is doing here.\n\nhere is the screenshot in case it matters: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CG1Ko.jpg)\n\ncontext: weird cat (seemingly evil/bad/....) on the right talking to the cat\ngirl on the left",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T03:48:11.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83322",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-29T05:36:44.323",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40315",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles",
"expressions",
"manga",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "can't understand how で particle works with ～ばいいのに",
"view_count": 204
} | [
{
"body": "As you said, this で is \"at\" (at a place). 日之出ん家で means \"at Hinode's house\".\n～ばいいのに has the other meaning, which is a suggestion such as \"why don't you ～\".\nThis する in the manga means \"take a poop\". So it means \"Why don't you take a\npoop at (the bathroom of) Hinode's house?\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T05:36:44.323",
"id": "83323",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 83322 | 83323 | 83323 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've received something like\n\n> 主様すごいです\n\nbut I don't know what it means and when I translate it, it turns out to be\nsomething like\n\n> \"master is amazing\"\n\nor something like that. Either way what does 主様 mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T07:05:26.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83326",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-29T19:12:02.927",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-29T14:08:46.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "41380",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 主様 mean in SNS?",
"view_count": 602
} | [
{
"body": "At first I thought it was related to ご主人様 (your husband) but I was wrong. It\nturns out that ”主様” means you but only used on the SNS.\n\nExemple I found on the internet\n\n> 主様凄くオシャレで憧れます \n> You have good sense and I really admire you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T14:29:04.890",
"id": "83332",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-29T14:29:04.890",
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{
"body": "主 in this case means someone who posts it. It is originated from net slang\n\"うｐ主\".\n\n\"うｐ\" is \"up\". Please try to type \"up\" by Japanese keyboard. It should be \"うｐ\". \n(\"おｋ\" is also net slang as \"O.K.\". Type \"ok\" by Japanese keyboard. It is \"おｋ\"\nas well.)\n\n\"up\" means \"upload\". In Japanese, you can say \"アップする\" (upload something)\" when\nyou make a bulletin board online or post a picture/movie in SNS. \n（\"アップ\" = up = upload）\n\nNext, 主 in this \"うｐ主\" means...\n\n> **主{Nushi}** \n> 動作・行為の主体。また、ある事柄の主人公。「声の主」「うわさの主」 (quoted from デジタル大辞泉) \n> Subject that do something or the main character in a issue or event. \n> \"声の主{Koe-no-nushi}\" = someone/something that speaks something \n> \"うわさの主{Uwasa-no-nushi}\" = someone who is gossiped about. ( **NOT \"someone\n> who gossips\"**)\n\nSo, \"うｐ主\" means \"アップした人\", that is someone who uploaded(/posted) something. \nThen, they got to use just \"主\".\n\n様 is Japanese honorifics, which is used when you respect someone or in\nbuisness.\n\n> 田中様{Tanaka-sama} \n>\n\nTherefore,\n\n> （うｐ）主様｛Nushi-sama}すごいです \n> You are amazing.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T15:09:55.247",
"id": "83334",
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}
]
| 83326 | null | 83334 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83328",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was surprised to learn that 直美 isn't spelled out using katakana and,\n[according to\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_\\(given_name\\)#Japanese):\n\n> Naomi (なおみ, ナオミ), pronounced [naomi] is a Japanese name. Though it is a\n> unisex name, it is primarily used by women. Naomi can be spelled using\n> hiragana, katakana, kanji, or a combination of kana and kanji. For example;\n>\n> * なお美\n> * ナオ美\n> * 直美\n> * 尚美\n> * 直己\n> * 尚己\n> * 直実\n> * 尚実\n> * 奈緒美\n>\n\n...my question is, did the Japanese name predate (or develop separately from)\nthe Western name? Is this just a coincidence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T07:44:50.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83327",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-29T08:09:23.047",
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"owner_user_id": "30119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Is 直美 a traditional Japanese name?",
"view_count": 256
} | [
{
"body": "This is probably just a coincidence. The \"Western\" name appears to be of\nHebrew origin, whereas in Japanese なお _nao_ is a common unit that combines\nwith suffixes like 子 _ko_ (Naoko) or 美 _mi_ (Naomi) indicating a female given\nname.",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 83327 | 83328 | 83328 |
{
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"body": "I'm looking at the word 連続体（れんぞくたい） (I'm sure there are better examples,\nthat's just the one that made me wonder).\n\nI find it rather clunky, whereas 「れんぞくだい」 would be much easier to pronounce.\n\nWith a lot of kanji, there exist both \"hard\" and \"soft\" readings (e.g. 大（たい）\nand 大（だい）), but, at least by my dictionary, 体 can only be read as a \"hard\" たい.\n\nTo give a maybe more common word as example: 液体（えきたい） (Though I find that a\nbit easier to pronounce than 連続体)\n\nIs there any reason for this? Or are these terms just not used enough or old\nenough to get softened? Is there some \"rule\" to softened readings, or are they\njust a result of language evolution?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T11:31:01.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Why is 体(たい) never softened to だい?",
"view_count": 55
} | []
| 83330 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Because of Japanese culture, I'm guessing this is pretty important to know,\nand I really don't want to risk offending anyone. I mean obviously in English\nwe have,\n\nElderly, Old people, Senior, Pensioner, OAP, and obviously some offensive\nterms too which I'm sure you know\n\nThey're all appropriate in different circumstances and I was hoping someone\ncould help me differentiate this with the Japanese terms.\n\nI've heard these before:\n\n老人、 年寄り、 I believe I've also heard お年寄り、 高齢者、 Then of course、 くそばばあ、 くそじじい\nWhich are pretty obviously offensive terms.\n\nDoes it depend who you're talking to or how generally you're talking?\n\nIf you could give me some insight into the appropriate situations for use of\nthese or any others you've heard, I'd appreciate it a lot!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T15:07:44.403",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the nuances between the different ways to refer to the elderly in Japanese?",
"view_count": 994
} | [
{
"body": "The following four words would be enough (listed in the descending order of\nimportance):\n\n * **お年寄り** : Polite and safe. This is the first word Japanese children learn to politely refer to elderly people.\n * **高齢者** : Formal and stiff. Suitable in news articles, government documents, academic articles, etc.\n * **ご年配【ねんぱい】の方** : Even politer and more courteous than お年寄り.\n * **ご老人** : Respectful, but used mainly in samurai dramas.\n\nNote that you must never forget to add お/ご. Addressing an old person as 年寄り or\n老人 can be highly blunt and rude.\n\nSee also:\n\n * [Is 「老い」 in the common lingo? How does it differ from お年寄り and 年配の方 ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58307/5010)\n * [Is 年寄り \"neutral\" or \"positive\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14491/5010)",
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| 83333 | null | 83374 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83375",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have already learned about に time particle (in short: determines the action\ntime if the time expression isn't relative). But I saw some text where dropped\nwhen used the まいとし, まいつき、まいにち etc.\n\nFor example:\n\n> まいにち おちゃ を のんでいます。- I'm drinking tea every day.\n\nIs this correct? Or should I use with the particle?:\n\n> まいにち **に** おちゃ を のんでいます。- I'm drinking tea every day.\n\nIf the two sentence is correct then is the difference: the last sentence is\nmore formal than first?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-29T16:00:36.180",
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"tags": [
"particle-に",
"て-form",
"time",
"formality"
],
"title": "Is the に time particle optional when talk about repeated action?",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "Simply, まいとし, まいつき, まいにち and so on never take に. You have to remember which\nword needs に and which word works on its own as an adverb. (In English, \"every\nmonth\" and so on don't need \"in\" or \"on\", so this should not be surprising.)",
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| 83338 | 83375 | 83375 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83341",
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"body": "There are 2 strokes. Let's call the short horizontal stroke A and the\nvertical-curving-to-horizontal stroke B.\n\nSome sources suggest the stroke order AB while other sources suggest BA.\n\nThe katakana ヒ comes from the character 世 which when considering the relevant\nstrokes follows the order AB.\n\nIs there an official order of the katakana strokes available somewhere ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-29T16:25:48.257",
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"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"katakana"
],
"title": "What is the stroke order of the katakana ヒ?",
"view_count": 645
} | [
{
"body": "Typically, it is not a matter of AB vs. BA (the correct order is AB), but a\nmatter of _which direction_ is the A stroke written; is it left-to-right, or\nright-to-left?\n\nThere are numerous sources that claim it should be left-to-right.\n\nFrom [kakijun.jp](https://kakijun.jp/etc/k5i.html):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3kjAR.gif)\n\nHowever, there are other sources that claim it should be from right-to-left;\nlike a more (but not completely) horizontal katakana ノ.\n\nAlso from [kakijun.jp](https://kakijun.jp/etc/k5i.html):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PxCvQ.gif)\n\n[This page](https://cumacuma.jp/eq/eq_index/hi-kakijun/) explains more about\neach of these two theories, and a \"conclusion\". It's all in Japanese, so for\nthose who can't read it all, here's the gist of it:\n\n 1. The left-to-right direction originated with textbook publishers. Before 1992 (平成4), they were split on the direction of the stroke. Then in 2005 (平成17), they settled on the left-to-right direction. This is the direction that is taught in elementary schools.\n 2. The right-to-left direction is due to the fact that the katakana ヒ is derived from the **right side** of the kanji **比** (not sure where you saw that it is derived from 世), where the stroke order of the A on the right side is written from right-to-left:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LJ8Tx.png)\n\nSo the \"conclusion\" is that _typically_ you write it left-to-right for 硬筆\n(writing w/ a pen or pencil), and right-to-left for calligraphy (書道). But it's\nOK to do whichever is more natural or comfortable for you. I guess you could\nsay that of kana/kanji in general, but even if you're a purist, this character\nis still ambiguous.\n\nI personally do it from right-to-left like a flatter ノ, but that may be\nbecause it feels more natural to me as a lefty.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 83340 | 83341 | 83341 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83376",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Started reading Sword Art Online, and since it's my first time reading novels\nin Japanese, the first paragraph is already making me ask questions on Stack\n:P\n\n> 職人クラスの酔狂な一団がひと月がかりで測量したところ、基部フロアの直径はおよそ十キロメートル、世田谷区がすっぽり入ってしまうほどもあったという。\n\nI get the basic idea of the sentence, but the grammar coupled with unusual\npunctuation trips me up. What's going on in the middle part between the two\ncommas? I'm not sure how it works, given that there are no particles or\nanything attached to キロメートル and it doesn't seem like the topic-wa relates to\nthe rest of the sentence in any way, only to the part within the commas.\n\nAlso, if somebody knows what もあった is supposed to be in this context, I'd be\nhappy to know.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-29T19:56:35.933",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particles",
"sentence",
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Punctuation troubles in fiction",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation (in the comment) seems fine. The comma after 十キロメートル is used\nto rephrase or explain the word before it. In English, this use of commas is\nknown as \"parenthetical comma\", but in Japanese, we often use a single comma.\n\nYou can replace this use of comma with actual parentheses like so:\n\n> 基部フロアの直径はおよそ十キロメートル（世田谷区がすっぽり入ってしまうほど）もあったという。 \n> They say the diameter of the base floor was 10km (which was enough to\n> contain the entire Setagaya Ward).\n\nSimilar examples (note that there are only one comma in the Japanese\nversions):\n\n * 私の友達、花子はスキーが上手だ。 \nMy friend, Hanako, is good at skiing.\n\n * 世界初の人工衛星、スプートニク1号は1957年に打ち上げられた。 \nThe first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in 1957.\n\nFor this も, see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5111/5010) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36449/5010).",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 83342 | 83376 | 83376 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83345",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've noticed that across videogames and anime that focus on fighting and\naction, the word \"buster\" is frequently applied as the name of a super\npowerful weapon. For example, Gunbusters from Toppu o Nerae, the Buster Sword\nfrom FF7, Megaman's Buster arm gun, Trunks of Dragon Ball Z's Buster Cannon.\nIt carries this implication that the weapon is awesomely powerful. Clearly it\nis a word borrowed from and it has similar uses in different forms of English,\nbut nowhere near to the same extent. Buster is like a go to word for these\nkinds of weapons in Japanese action shows and games, but it's rarely used in\nEnglish for that specific purpose or with that much frequency. I'm wondering\nif anyone has any insight as to the origin of the use of the word Buster as\nit's used in this context, and any explanation as to how it might have become\nso commonplace compared to its English counterpart.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-29T20:28:57.210",
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"id": "83343",
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"owner_user_id": "41388",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "the word \"Buster\" in action-centered fiction",
"view_count": 748
} | [
{
"body": "There's a number of words in Japanese that come from English, but not via the\nroute expected. I suspect that バスター might be one such word.\n\nPoking around in [Kotobank's page for\nバスター](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC-601414),\nwe see that this is probably the same word that arose from baseball, as a\ncorruption or shift from the original English phrase **_bastard bunt_** , in\nreference to a play where the batter stands as if to bunt the ball, and then\nonce the pitch is thrown, they shift to a regular batting stance in an effort\nto hit the ball with real force (as mentioned, for example, in [this thread\nabout Little League](http://www.baseball-\nexcellence.com/sbaseballforums/printthread.cfm?Forum=2&Topic=12362)). See also\n[the Japanese Wikipedia article on\nバスター](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC).\n\nIf this is the same バスター that was used for these other weapons in manga and\nanime, it might have originally arisen as a play on the perceived littleness\nof the weapon or character, in contrast to the sizable wallop of the actual\nshot or strike: presenting as a small thing (like a bunt), but actually\nhitting harder than that (as an actual full baseball swing would do).\n\nPS: As @jogloran notes in the comment, the specific phrasing バスターソード is most\nlikely from **_bastard sword_** as a borrowing in toto (as a whole term),\nrather than an application of バスター from baseball. In the specific sword sense,\nthe _bastard_ portion was originally in reference to the way the blade length\nwas roughly in between the single-handed shorter swords in common use and the\ndouble-handed greatswords of the time.",
"comment_count": 0,
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{
"body": "バスター is derived from Buster, which means \"[one that destroys,\neliminates\"](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/buster). It has the same use in\nEnglish, like bunker buster, bronco buster, dustbuster, Myth Busters, etc.\nSome examples that are known in Japan would be the movie Ghostbusters and the\npro wrestling move Brain Buster.\n\nIt is likely that the meaning \"one that destroys\" got simplified to\n\"destroyer/destructive\", and from there was widely applied. Once it catches on\nin one piece of work, it's easy to imagine people used it in their works\nreferring back to another anime, as opposed to researching the original\nmeaning.\n\nA few notes in regard to your specific examples...\n\nGunbuster: Gunbuster is made up of two machines: Buster Machine #1 and #2. So\nthe names of the those machines make sense. There was no info on the naming of\nthe Gunbuster itself, though robot anime tend to favor the sound of the name\nover the meaning, so I wouldn't think too hard about that.\n\nBuster sword: It could be a mispelling of bastard bword. When it comes to\nforeign words, sometimes mistakes go unnoticed (ベット when meaning ベッド), and\nthis misspelling fell through the cracks. This was pre-wikipedia era, so it's\nnot as easy as it is now to cross-reference.\n\nHowever, this more than not to be likely intentional, since technically the\nsword Cloud uses cannot be classified as a bastard sword (= between mid and\nlong size, double edged). It could be they just meant it to be a \"sword that\ndestroys\".\n\n* * *\n\nAdded in some references, though I don't think any are conclusive.\n\n[Buster entry on Nico Nico\nVideo](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC) \n[Buster etymology article](https://tap-biz.b-engineer.co.jp/lifestyle/word-\nmeaning/1031174) (probably the most conclusive I could find) \n[Buster Gundam Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0) \n[Article on the meaning of team names of the Hypnosis Mic\nseries](https://hypnosismic.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/12/26/%E3%80%90%E3%83%92%E3%83%97%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%80%91%E3%83%92%E3%83%97%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E3%83%81%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E5%90%8D%E3%81%AE%E6%84%8F)",
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| 83343 | 83345 | 83345 |
{
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"body": "I just came across this on a Japanese forum. Someone asking a question says:\n\n> どなたか教えてくれてくれませんか？\n\nI personally have never seen double くれ. I can see how it'd make sense in a\ndifferent context though. I found [this weblio\nentry](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B):\n\n> **くれてくれる** \n> [多]＝「くれる（物を与える）」と「くれる（好意的な行為） ・「おじさんが お金を くれてくれた」\n\nBut do people say it like this?\n\n> 本をくれてくれてありがとう。\n\nAlso the line that I encountered didn't seem to be the same case, as it was\nnot about about giving/receiving a physical object. Does it work?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-30T01:29:18.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83346",
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"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Double くれる?「教えてくれてくれませんか」",
"view_count": 76
} | []
| 83346 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83377",
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"body": "I'm using wanikani, and I'm confused by this question I keep getting wrong.\nThe app is showing me `ふじ山` and asking for \"Vocabulary Reading\". At this point\nI always type ふじやま but the correct answer by wanikani is ふじさん. What is\nvocabulary reading? What is さん and what is やま other than they both mean\nmountain? Which ending sound do people use in which contexts?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-30T01:48:16.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83347",
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"owner_user_id": "37278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "ふじさん vs ふじやま what is \"Vocabulary Reading\"?",
"view_count": 241
} | [
{
"body": "I don't know about \"vocabulary reading\". Please ask about it elsewhere.\n\nAnyway, the highest mountain in Japan is normally called ふじさん in Japanese.\nFujiyama is more of a nickname used mainly outside Japan. From Wikipedia:\n\n> ### [Mount Fuji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Fuji)\n>\n> In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as\n> \"Fuji-san\", \" **Fujiyama** \" or, redundantly, \"Mt. Fujiyama\". Japanese\n> speakers refer to the mountain as \"Fuji-san\". This \"san\" is not the\n> honorific suffix used with people's names, such as Watanabe-san, but the\n> Sino-Japanese reading of the character yama (山, \"mountain\") used in Sino-\n> Japanese compounds.\n\nOccasionally, Japanese people intentionally use the reading of ふじやま to add an\n\"exotic\" or \"foreign\" flavor. Many \"gaijin\" characters in anime often say\nFujiyama with a foreign accent. And there is a roller coaster called FUJIYAMA\nnear Mount Fuji.\n\n> ### [Fujiyama (roller\n> coaster)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujiyama_\\(roller_coaster\\))\n>\n> Fujiyama is a steel roller coaster at Fuji-Q Highland, Fujiyoshida,\n> Yamanashi, Japan.\n>\n> Fujiyama is named after the iconic Mount Fuji, which stands to the west of\n> Tokyo. The term Fujiyama comes from \"fuji\", and \"yama\" which means mountain.\n> Mount Fuji is seldom referred to as \"Fujiyama\" in Japanese culture, but is\n> instead more commonly referred to as \"Fujisan\", using the on'yomi\n> pronunciation of the \"mountain\" character. **The roller coaster Fujiyama is\n> named as a play on the common foreign mistransliteration**.\n\n(Trivia: there are actually some little-known mountains whose formal name is\nふじやま. For example,\n[this](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%B1%B1_\\(%E6%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82\\)).)",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 83347 | 83377 | 83377 |
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"body": "太郎が今ヨーロッパに行っている。 ‘Taro is now in Europe (as a result of having gone there).’\n\n太郎が去年ヨーロッパに行っている。 ‘Taro is the one who has the experience of having gone to\nEurope last year.’\n\nCan the latter mean the same as the former saying he went to Europe and has\nstayed there since?\n\nWhat makes the latter different in meaning while both say ヨーロッパに行っている? Is it\nbecause of 今 and 去年？\n\nWhat if both sentences have no indication of when it happened? That is\n太郎がヨーロッパに行っている? What could this mean?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does 行っている mean?",
"view_count": 635
} | [
{
"body": "Let me use は instead of exhaustive-listing-が to make things simpler.\n\n> 太郎は去年ヨーロッパに行っている。 \n> (Literally: \"Taro has travelled to Europe last year.\")\n\nBasically you cannot tell where Taro is _now_ only from this sentence. He may\nbe still in Europe now, or he may have already returned to Japan, or he may be\nin Africa now. The interpretation purely depends on the context. If the\nprevious context is \"Where is Taro now?\", then this sentence means he is still\nin Europe now. If the previous context is \"Has anybody ever been to Europe?\",\nthen this sentence is about his experience in the past.\n\nOn the other hand, the meaning of 太郎は今ヨーロッパに行っている also depends on the context.\nIt can mean either \"He is in Europe now\" or \"He is on his way to Europe now\".",
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| 83349 | null | 83378 |
{
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"body": "「新聞・雑誌などの編集上の一区分。」\n\nThis sentence came from one of the definitions for the word 「欄（らん）」 in the\n\"Super Daijirin\" dictionary. I'm having trouble honing in on what specific\nmeaning and pronunciation 「上」 could have.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-30T03:52:07.470",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words",
"pronunciation",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "What is the meaning and pronunciation of 上 in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 88
} | [
{
"body": "～上【じょう】 is a nominal suffix that has many ways of translation, but here it is\nused in the sense \"in the scope/discussion of —\". English does not have a word\nthat consistently matches it, but I hope you can get it from my examples.\n\n> 編集上のミス _an editorial_ (= during the editing work) _error_ \n> 編集的なミス _an editorial_ (= typically editors-like) _error_\n>\n> 感覚上の反応 _a sensory_ (= of sensory organ) _response_ \n> 感覚的な反応 _an intuitive_ (= driven by sensation) _response_\n>\n> 歴史上の事件 _a historical_ (= told in the history) _event_ \n> 歴史的な事件 _a historic_ (= important in the history) _event_",
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| 83352 | null | 83356 |
{
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"body": "On my kanji dictionary, below 七, there are several kunyomi among the common\nones ( _nana_ , _nanatsu_ ), they are: _na_ , _nano_ , _nanu_ ; it's written\nthat they are nouns themselves and it's the same for the other numbers (for\nexample, _fuu_ for 二, _mi_ for 三, _mu_ for 六, etc.; they're all nouns).\n\nSo, when does someone say _na_ , _nano_ , _nanu_ as a noun alone for \"seven\"\ninstead of _shichi_ / _nana_? Did they do it in the past?",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"pronunciation",
"nouns",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Can I say na, nano, nanu as \"seven\" instead of nana?",
"view_count": 451
} | [
{
"body": "No, I think very few people will understand you if you say なぬ、な、or なの\nindividually to mean \"seven\". Although they are listed as readings, they only\nmake sense when the are in compounds. If you look up 七 or \"seven\" (as a word)\nin a dictionary, the only pronunciations that appear will be なな、しち and ひち,\nwhich is dialectical.\n\nAlthough they are listed as readings of the kanji, they will only make sense\nin compounds. なの is used in 七日【なのか】, which means the \"seventh day of the\nmonth. なぬ is obscure and also seen in 七日【なぬか】. I have never even heard it\npronounced this way. な is not even listed in デジタル大辞泉 as a pronunciation. I\nrecommend that you remember the pronunciation of words and kanji compounds\nrather than the pronunciations of a single Kanji.",
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"creation_date": "2020-12-30T06:19:37.857",
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"body": "Unless you use the kanji to name your child in a creative way (which is quite\npopular nowadays), you cannot. Only \"nana\" and \"shichi\" can be recognized as 7\nalone.\n\nI think you'd agree with me, if you are an English speaker, that you couldn't\npronounce \"raz\" to mean _rasp_ , even if you say so in _raspberry_ ; nor\n\"bird\" to mean _board_ , in spite of _cupboard_ ; nor \"sul\" to mean _sail_ ,\nwhile _topsail_ and _studding-sail_.\n\nAlthough every dictionary has slightly different criteria listing kanji\nreadings, what is safe to say is that most of them are variants only appearing\nin compounds. A kanji dictionary is sometimes awkward, obligated to list all\npossible \"realizations\" of the kanji (= fixed spelling). It may result in an\nunexpected outcome, such as [生 has tens or perhaps over 100 \"isolatable\"\nreadings](https://kanjibunka.com/kanji-faq/old-faq/q0326/) (non-isolatable\nones are [熟字訓](https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2017/12/jukujikun.html)).",
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| 83353 | 83354 | 83358 |
{
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"body": "平和を保ちたいとする利己的な意志が戦争を起こし\n\nSo, I'm rewatching Naruto and I'm finally able to understand more than 70% of\nthe words and grammar. I'm currently on the war arc and Madara said the above\nsentence.\n\nI'm not sure what たいとする means. I know として (I work **AS** a teacher) but とする？\n\nOk, so I searched a bit by myself and what I found at Weblio.jp got me\nthinking.\n\n‐とする\n\nregard 《A as B》\n\nconsider [assume] 《A to be B》\n\ntreat 《A as B》\n\nSo would the literal translation be: Wanting to preserve peace regarded as a\nselfish desire causes war. ?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-30T10:21:30.453",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "~たいとする grammar/meaning?",
"view_count": 209
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{
"body": "I think there is really a break between 平和を保ちたいとする and 利己的な意志が戦争を起こし. There is\nalso a topic that is not stated which is probably something along the lines of\n人. The definition of とする used here is the second one you listed: ２ …と考える,\nwhich is used generally like this to indicate some distance from a thought and\nor in a hypothetical situation. For example, I looked at 毎日新聞's [articles from\ntoday](https://mainichi.jp/articles/20201231/k00/00m/040/028000c) and found:\n\n> 医療提供体制の警戒レベルも最も深刻な「体制が逼迫（ひっぱく）している」 **とした**\n\nwhich is used to indicate some distance from the decision of being at the\nhighest level of caution.\n\nThen the literal translation in this case would be something along the lines\nof:\n\n平和を保ちたいとする = 『人は平和を保ちたい』と考える = If we consider that 人want to protect the peace\n\n利己的な意志が戦争を起こし = 人's selfish intentions cause war\n\nSo perhaps something like: There are people who want to protect the peace and\npeople whose self interested intentions cause war.",
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"creation_date": "2020-12-31T01:04:34.377",
"id": "83372",
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| 83355 | null | 83372 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83379",
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"body": "Full text: 退職給付引当金 ……従業員の退職給付に備えるため、当連結会計年度末にお ける退職給付債務の見込額に基づき計上しております。\n\nMy issue: 計上, Is it appropriation or recorded?\n\nMy understanding: Retirement benefit allowance... In order to prepare for\nemployees' retirement benefits, the estimated amount of retirement benefits\nobligations is appropriated at the end of the current consolidated fiscal\nyear.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-30T11:27:09.873",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "計上, Is it appropriation or recorded?",
"view_count": 62
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{
"body": "The basic meaning of 計上(する) is just \"to include something\" or \"to take\nsomething into account\" in financial calculations. In the context of\nbudgeting, \"to appropriate\" or \"to allocate\" can be used. 計上 is commonly used\nalso in a year-end financial report (e.g., 10月の台風による特別損失として15億円を計上しました).",
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| 83357 | 83379 | 83379 |
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"body": "For example:\n\n> I like dancing and singing. \n> My hobby is studying Japanese and playing guitar.\n\nHow do I connect \"studying and playing\"? Do I have to use te form? I'm really\nconfused\n\nupd. nvm, you just connect it with と particle like 歌うことと踊るが好き",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-30T12:03:04.537",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"nominalization",
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "How do I connect verbs with nominalisation?",
"view_count": 128
} | []
| 83359 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> (十香)「何を言っているのだ？確かにあやつの行動は目に余るが、前と全く同じというわけではないぞ」\n>\n> (士道)「そうか？むしろ前よりヘビーになってる気がするんだが……」\n>\n> (十香)「だが前の折紙なら、私が無理矢理引きはがすまでシドーにくっついた **ままだったはずだ** 。それに、今立ち去るときの顔は……」\n\nHi. Context: 士道 and 十香 were talking about 折紙. 折紙 embraced 士道 and let go of him\nvoluntarily. 十香 was surprised about 折紙’s behavior. Due to some reason, 折紙’s\npersonality had changed a lot. 十香 thought 折紙 was not what she used to be\nbecause if the present 折紙 were the past 折紙, she would have sticked to\n/embraced 士道 persistently until 十香 forced to separate them.\n\nGiven the context, shouldn’t we use ままのはずだった rather than ままだったはずだ? The\ndifference between the two expression is as follows:\n\n「XXだったはずだ」 -- \"it must have been XX\" \"I am sure it was XX\" (as far as I can\nremember, XX must have happened or been the case, though what actually\nhappened is contrary to my expectation)\n\n「XXのはずだった」 -- \"it should have been XX\" \"it was supposed to be XX\" (but XX\ndidn’t happen or wasn’t the case)\n\n[https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36220/confusing-use-of-plain-\ncopula-だ-should-be-\nだった/36261#36261](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36220/confusing-\nuse-of-plain-copula-%E3%81%A0-should-\nbe-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F/36261#36261)\n\nDo I get it wrong or this sentence is an exception? Thank you.\n\nPlease let me know if the context is not enough.",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"context"
],
"title": "Why is ままだったはずだ rather than ままのはずだった used in this context?",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "Great question. Let's start with the base line.\n\n * 〜のはず: supposed to be 〜, probably 〜. The mental picture is that the speaker is referring to something they have no direct knowledge of, and they are pretty certain but with some doubt. The emphasis is on the presence of a doubt.\n\n * 〜だった is a past tense modifier. It just indicates that the stuff happened in the past, not now.\n\nIn `くっついたままだったはず`, はず decorates だった, meaning 十香 is pretty certain now of\nsomething that happened in the past. The context tells us not only 十香\ncurrently has some doubt that it didn't happen, but 十香 actually already knows\nthat it didn't happen. See, this phrase can cover a wide range of conviction\nlevels, and it could be used both for \"it must have been\" and \"it should have\nbeen\", or even \"IIRC, it was\".\n\nIn contrast, in `くっついたままのはずだった` , だった decorates はず. The point in time when a\nconviction and a surprise happend was in the past. So the meaning changes to\n\"折紙 was supposed to stick to 士道 [but we know now that it failed/it didn't]\"",
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| 83360 | null | 83373 |
{
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"body": "I understand these words roughly translate to \"trust\" or \"reliance\" but I\ndon't understand the nuance between these words.",
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"creation_date": "2020-12-30T14:57:21.580",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between the usage of these terms: 信念 信用 信頼?",
"view_count": 68
} | [
{
"body": "信念 seems to be about a somewhat abstract belief or faith in something, or for\nexample trusting your own convictions.\n\n信用 and 信頼 seem to be mostly about interpersonal trust or reliance. The\ndifference, according to [a page I found](https://biz.trans-suite.jp/4844) is\nas follows:\n\n信用=信じて用いる、信じて受け入れる\n\nI.e. to believe and accept, for example accord trust based on previous\nexperience and results (of dealing with this person). 信用 is something you can\ngain (得る), lose (失う), and regain (取り戻す). This is also why one of the possible\ntranslations of it is “credit” or “confidence” which can be gained or lost.\n\n信頼=信じて、頼りにする\n\nI.e. believe and rely on (someone), or trust (someone) to be reliable. You can\nbetray (裏切る) this trust. Another possible translation is “rely on”.\n\nIf you believe in someone enough that you know you can rely on them and vice\nversa, you can be said to be in 信頼関係 (mutual trust relationship, or\n_fiduciary_ in financial terms).\n\nOverall, it seems 信用 is about trust based on somewhat objective experience or\nevaluation while 信頼 can be somewhat subjective and based on “gut feeling”.",
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| 83361 | null | 83367 |
{
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"body": "Say I want to talk about my own ability in some area of expertise or at some\nactivity. What would be the appropriate word choice? Assuming a casual to\npolite context.\n\nWould 「できる」 sound pretentious?\n\nWhat about trying to express that one is \"okay at\" something (not good, but\nnot bad either)?\n\nWhat about other degrees of ability (terrible, bad, \"can do a bit\", passable)?\n\nTo give a concrete example of what kind of sentence I'm thinking of:\n\n> I'm quite good at reading, but I'm not good at writing.\n\n> 読むことがかなりよくできますが、書くのは苦手です。(?)",
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"creation_date": "2020-12-30T15:17:03.007",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "How to talk about your own abilities?",
"view_count": 110
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{
"body": "> Would 「できる」 sound pretentious?\n\n「できる」does not sound pretentious. \nAlternatively I would also use 得意 as well. 「私は読むのは得意ですが、書くのは苦手です」\n\n> What about trying to express that one is \"okay at\" something (not good, but\n> not bad either)?\n\nIn a casual context you can say 読むのはまあまあできる。or まあまあ読める。or you can explain it\nlike 読むのは普通にできるけど、そんなに得意じゃない。\n\n> What about other degrees of ability (terrible, bad, \"can do a bit\",\n> passable)?\n\nHere are a few I came up right now -\n\n * terrible: 「すごく苦手」,「全く得意じゃない」,「全然できない」\n * bad : 「苦手」, 「得意じゃない」, 「できない」\n * can do a bit : 「ちょっとはできる」、「ちょっとならできる」・・\n * passable : 「普通レベルにできる」(colloquial),「最低限の〇〇はできる」 etc.",
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| 83362 | null | 83394 |
{
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"body": "琴里もかつて一度、<ファントム>に直接会った経験がある。しかしそのとき<ファントム>は、身体中をノイズのようなものに覆われ、声も変声機を通し\n**たようになっていた** ため、その実像をまったく掴めなかったのである。\n\nHi. I have some problems with the bold part. As far as I know, ようになっている is\nused to describe a resultative state. Whatever grammar book I have checked,\nhowever, says we can only use dictionary form before ようになっている, for example,\n火事が起こった場合は、このベルは自動的に鳴るようになっています。So I’m not sure about the bold part example.\nSince た-form is used, the grammar explanation probably doesn’t apply to\n通したようになっていた.\n\nSo how should I understand this たようになっていた?\n\nThank you.",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Understanding the construction た-form+ようになっている",
"view_count": 74
} | [
{
"body": "〜ようになっていた means \"it was in a state as if 〜 happened\". In this case, her voice\nsounded as if it went through a voice changer (but it hadn't - it just sounded\nlike it had).",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 83364 | 83369 | 83369 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83399",
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"body": "(The question was asked\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/43507/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B-pronunciation-\ninternalization) but the answers didn't really address what I am about to\nask.) One rule about long vowels is that the long vowel for え段 is written え段 +\nい. For instance けいじどうしゃ is pronounced as ケージドーシャ, not ke-i-ji-do-u-sha.\n\nWhat about the ている pattern for verbs, as in 知っている? Is it te-i-ru or te-e-ru?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-30T17:45:57.630",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"long-vowels"
],
"title": "pronunciation of ている",
"view_count": 180
} | [
{
"body": "Your けいじどうしゃ example is right, but this one is definitely te-i-ru. I have\nnever heard of anyone pronouncing te-e-ru, unless there's a part of Japan with\nrare dialect that I never been to.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T02:03:54.463",
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{
"body": "The rule you mentioned does not apply across word boundaries. For example,\n海外へ行きます is pronounced like 海外エイキマス, not like 海外エーキマス, because へ is a particle\nand 行く is a verb. Likewise, 知っている is made of three words (知っ + て + いる, where\n[this て is a particle](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36310/5010)), so\nit's not pronounced like シッテール. In addition, in colloquial speech, 知っている can\nbe safely shortened to 知ってる, so there is no point of elongating て.\n\n(Compound nouns like ため息 and さざれ石 tend to be pronounced like タメイキ and サザレイシ,\ntoo, but some people may pronounce them like タメーキ and サザレーシ.)",
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| 83365 | 83399 | 83399 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Someone asked me about the meanings of two English phrases. I replied:\n\n> 両方はたくさんの意味がありますから、文がないと具体的な説明が難しいです。\n\nAlmost instantly it hit me that I might've made some mistakes in that reponse.\nI know the standard response goes:\n\n> どっちにもいろんな意味がありますから、文がないと具体的な説明が難しいです。\n\nSo do I need the「に」and「も」? I know what they mean and why they are there. Those\nare the basics. I am just wondering if my version could actually work in\ncolloquial language, since「は」foregrounds the topic.\n\n**Edit** : When can「に」be omitted? Because we do say\n\n> 私は仕事があるんで、\n>\n> 私は今日は仕事がありません。\n\nWhy can 「に」be omitted here?\n\nAlso I wonder if my choice of「両方」sounds too formal in this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-30T19:06:15.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83366",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-12-31T04:19:17.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"sentence",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "When is に needed and when can it be omitted in がある constructions?",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "両方 is fine, 両方は sounds unnatural. I'd say 両方とも is about the most natural.\nどっちにも and どっちも are both fine.\n\n**EDIT:**\n\n> 私は仕事があるんで、\n>\n> 私は今日は仕事がありません。\n>\n> Why can 「に」be omitted here?\n\nYou can add に here, but then it emphasizes that YOU have work but others have\nnot. Depending on the context it might even sound accusing. For example:\n\n> 「どうせ誰が落としたんだか分からないんだから、この財布いただきましょうよ」 \n> 「僕には良心があるんで（あなたには無いようですね）」\n\n僕は良心があるんで is more neutral here.\n\n> What about 両方にも and 両方には\n\n両方にも doesn't work here because it implies there is some third thing that also\nshares the situation, but there isn't any in this context (valid example:\n長男にはほくろが多い。次男と次女にもほくろが多い).\n\n両方には can work, although it sounds a bit too formal for spoken language. E.g.\nyou wouldn't say 長男にはほくろが多い in spoken word unless you really want to emphasize\nonly 長男 has ほくろ (but if you are writing it's completely fine to use it for a\nneutral context).\n\nIf you ask me why 長男はほくろが多い works but 両方はたくさんの意味がある doesn't work, I can't\nclearly explain it, but maybe for は to work there needs to be a single actor.\nE.g. 両方向は物知りだ sounds very unnatural. 方向は物知りだ is still unnatural but much\nbetter. 方角は物知りだ sounds OK. IMO this is because 方角 can be imagined as an actor,\nwhile that is a lot harder for 両方向.",
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"creation_date": "2020-12-30T21:58:24.423",
"id": "83368",
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| 83366 | null | 83368 |
{
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"body": "I'm not familiar with the term 「ナマ言って」 but I think it literally translates to\n\"to say it raw\" and くれる here can mean to give or receive it. So combining all\nthat my guess is that 「ナマ言ってくれるねぇ」 translates to something like \"you're\ntelling it like it is\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-30T22:29:16.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2020-12-30T22:42:29.040",
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"owner_user_id": "41409",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"slang"
],
"title": "What does the phrase 「ナマ言ってくれるねぇ」 mean?",
"view_count": 577
} | [
{
"body": "Here 「ナマ」is short for「生意気{なまいき}」, meaning something to the effect of\n\"impudent\", \"cocky\". When you use「生意気｛なまいき｝」to describe the way someone talks\nor the stuff they say, you are saying they talk or behave in a very cocky or\nconceited way.\n\n「くれる」, as you may know, is a marker that tells us the speaker is on the\nreceiving end of an action. So this line means something like: \"[They/she/he]\nsay(s) some cheeky/impertinent stuff [to me].\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-30T22:52:36.490",
"id": "83371",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-30T22:52:36.490",
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"score": 9
}
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| 83370 | null | 83371 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> だが、改変後の折紙の意識が『士道への思い三〇パーセント:節度七〇パーセント』 **だったところに**\n> 、『士道への思い一二〇パーセント』が足されたなら、バランスも崩壊してしまおうというものだった。\n\nHi. What does the bold ところ mean? And why is past form だった used there? (Rather\nthan present form である, for example)?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-31T11:57:38.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83381",
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"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Understanding だったところに?",
"view_count": 80
} | [
{
"body": "ところ refers to a \"place\" either in a concrete or abstract manner. This means it\ncan refer to a a point in time, a physical place, or a part or portion of\nsomething. I think you understand this. Your sentence is referring to a point\nin time.\n\nHere, だった and である is just modifying the point in time being referred to.\nであるところ would be a \"non-past point in time\" while だったところ refers to a point in\ntime in the past. I think what is confusing you is how ところ is being used. For\nexample, if we just replace ところ with 時, it would mean almost the same thing:\n\n> 学生だった時 \n> 学生だったところ (sounds a bit odd) \n> When I **was** a student.\n\n> 学生である時 \n> 学生であるところ (sounds a bit odd) \n> When I ( **am** / will be) a student.\n\n学生である and 学生だった are just modifying the noun that comes after it, which, in\nyour case is ところ. So, だったところに would mean something along the lines of \"when it\nwas (in a certain state)\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-31T18:15:06.157",
"id": "83390",
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| 83381 | null | 83390 |
{
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"body": "> 1. 圧倒的だなんて言葉では表現しきれない、絶望的な戦力差である。\n>\n\n>\n> しかもそれらが皆、親でも殺されたかのような調子で士道に憎々しげな視線を送ってきているのだ。どれだけ肝が据わった人間でも汗くらい滲ませよう\n> **というものである** 。\n>\n> 2.\n> だが、改変後の折紙の意識が『士道への思い三〇パーセント:節度七〇パーセント』だったところに、『士道への思い一二〇パーセント』が足されたなら、バランスも崩壊してしまおう\n> **というものだった** 。\n>\n\nHi. Are both というものだs used to emphasize the speakers’ assumptions (推量形:〜よう)? If\nnot, what nuance would they have?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-31T12:10:15.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83382",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "(推量形+) というものだ: nuance and function?",
"view_count": 125
} | []
| 83382 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "As far as I understand 明日（あした） is jukujikun (also called semantic ateji), so,\nas with for example 今日, I would expect for the \"reading\" to be considered over\nthe whole word, instead of being split into the individual kanji readings as\nis done with normal words.\n\nBut in a lot of places (dictionaries, etc) I see the reading of 明日 split into\n明（あ）日（した）.\n\nI can see where that might come from, since あ is a normal Kun-reading for 明,\nbut the again した is no valid reading for 日.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-31T16:03:06.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83385",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-02T14:26:02.503",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"etymology",
"readings"
],
"title": "Is it correct to split the reading あした of 明日 as 明（あ）日（した）?",
"view_count": 336
} | [
{
"body": "There’s no really “correct” or “incorrect” when it comes to ateji like 明日{あした}\nor 大人{おとな}, you just have to pick _something_ or _least bad_.\n\nWith _jukujikun_ (kanji picked purely for meaning and not readings) it’s even\nworse since you may have not enough kana for the kanji. Some examples [from\nWikipedia](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji#jukujikun):\n\n> kera (啄木鳥, woodpecker), gumi (胡頽子, silver berry/oleaster), and Hozumi (八月朔日,\n> a surname)\n\nI think the best choice in such cases is simply center the reading above the\nwhole word and do not align kana to individual kanji.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-31T16:51:17.033",
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}
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| 83385 | null | 83388 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> この世は想い通りにはいかぬことばかりだ \n> Everything in this world is not as it seems.\n\nThat's what google translate says it means. I already deciphered the first\npart, but the part that comes after the は is a total mystery.\n\nI have no idea how to tackle いかぬことばかりだ. I know the ばかり grammar, but I can't\nlink any of its uses to this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2020-12-31T16:16:38.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83386",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-31T16:52:01.297",
"last_edit_date": "2020-12-31T16:36:02.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "36278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "いかぬことばかりだ meaning",
"view_count": 124
} | [
{
"body": "> この世は想い通りにはいかぬことばかりだ\n\nThis ぬ is an old form of the negation, ない. See for example [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/235/what-is-the-difference-\nbetween-the-negative-forms-%E3%81%9A-and-%E3%81%AC). The fact that the\nsentence uses ぬ leads me to suspect this might be some well known saying, but\nthat's a pure guess.\n\nSo 想い通りにはいかぬ --> 想い通りにはいかない = \"does not go/proceed according to expectations\".\n\nYou say you already understand the grammar of ばかり, which is good because I\nfind it difficult to explain. But I guess the literal, highly clunky,\ntranslation would be \"this world is in a state where things (こと) do nothing\nbut (ばかり) not proceed (いかぬ) according (通り) to expectations\". Which, when you\nget your head round the double negative, means what you want it to mean.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-31T16:48:29.727",
"id": "83387",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-31T16:48:29.727",
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| 83386 | null | 83387 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83392",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 役員退職慰労引当金……役員の退職慰労金の支給に備えるため、内規に基づく 期末要支給額を計上しております。\n\nMy understanding: Provision for retirement benefits for officers... In order\nto prepare for the payment of retirement benefits for officers, the company\nrecognizes the amount required to be paid at the end of the period in\naccordance with the internal regulations.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-31T20:52:31.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83391",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-01T05:54:09.227",
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"owner_user_id": "32678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "期末. can this be translated as \"Balance sheet date\"?",
"view_count": 83
} | [
{
"body": "I think 「期末{きまつ}」 in finance means the end of an accounting year or accounting\nperiod. 「期末要支給額」is a fixed finance term that means \"accrued benefits at the\nend of year.\" As per this [EY Japan (accounting firm)\npage](https://www.shinnihon.or.jp/corporate-accounting/glossary/retirement-\nbenefits/kimatu-you-sikyugaku.html):\n\n>\n> 期末要支給額とは、期末現在において全従業員が退職すると仮定した場合に、会社の退職金規程等に基づいて計算した、全従業員に対する退職金の支給総額をいいます。一般的に、退職金規程等に基づいて計算される退職金の額は、自己の都合による退職なのか、会社の都合による退職なのかにより金額が異なるため、それぞれ、自己都合期末要支給額と会社都合期末要支給額とが計算できます。\n\nThe 「期」in「期末」refers to an [accounting\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting_period)/[会計期間{かいけいきかん}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E8%A8%88%E6%9C%9F%E9%96%93)\nwhich is usually a year. Thus, 「期末」refers to the end of that period.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-12-31T23:00:41.740",
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}
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| 83391 | 83392 | 83392 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83396",
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"body": "The sentence was like this:\n\n> 目の前にたかだパフェが置かれただけなのにキャッキヤツとはしゃいでいる。彼女に言わせれば「 _ **何がたかがよ**_!」という感じなのだろうが。\n\nI'm familiar with the grammar of \"たかが + N\" (it's just a + N). However, the way\nたかが was used herein `何がたかがよ` seems a bit strange to me. Can I take it as\nsomething like:\n\n> It's no big deal\n\nThank you for taking the time. Have a great day, everyone!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T03:24:05.723",
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"id": "83395",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parts-of-speech"
],
"title": "Usage of たかが not as adverb",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "何が～だ (or 何が～よ, 何が～さ, etc) is a way to say something along the lines of \"Talk\nabout ～!\", \"Who said ～!\", \"I can't believe [someone] said ～\". She just\nrepeated たかが said by someone else.",
"comment_count": 8,
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| 83395 | 83396 | 83396 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> 目の前 _ **にたかだパフェ**_ が置かれただけなのにキャッキヤツとはしゃいでいる。彼女に言わせれば「何がたかがよ!」という感じなのだろうが。\n\nThe part that confused me is: `目の前にたかだパフェ...`\n\nI took it as `目の前 似た 佳だ パフェ` (An excellent parfait like the one before her\nnow).\n\nHowever, the part of using `だ` linking a な-ADJ and a NOUN struck me a little\nbit odd. Am I wrong and what is the correct way to translate this sentence?\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T03:39:01.110",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"syntax"
],
"title": "目の前にたかだ usage in a sentence",
"view_count": 43
} | [
{
"body": "I think you misunderstood it. I do believe that たかだ is a name (maybe the\npatissiere's name or perhaps it is a type of parfaits since google search\nseems to suggest that) hard to say without context. The sentence can be parsed\nas: \"目の前に たかだパフェ 置かれただけ\" Which means: in front of you( or him/her) only a\ntakada parfait was placed",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T03:48:56.990",
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| 83397 | null | 83398 |
{
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"body": "Someone (Aさん) asks a question on a forum. Bさん provides an answer. I see the\nanswer as incomplete, so I correct Bさん and provide some supplementary\ninformation. Aさん, the OP, replies to me:\n\n> あ、本当だ。完全に見落としてました。ありがとうございます‼️\n\nI thought that was the end of it. But then Bさん says back to me:\n\n> 打ってなかった\n\nI am thrown by this response. I don't know what Bさん is trying to say or if\nthey are displeased because I corrected them (not the first time). What does\n打つ mean here? \"It didn't occur to me\"? What's also off about that response is\neverybody is very polite on the forum, basically 敬語 all the way. Bさん too,\nexcept in this one repsonse to me. えっため口？なんで？俺、何か悪いことした？ That's how I feel. So\nwhat do they mean?\n\nA little more background: it is a math question. The correct answer includes\ntwo possibilities, and Bさん only gives a number based on one of the\npossibilities. I complement their answer by showing another possible option.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does「打ってなかった」mean here?",
"view_count": 96
} | []
| 83401 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I was doing some reading this morning and came across the following:\n\n> 去年の八月、日本テレビの番組の中で、やはり肝硬変で苦しんでいる九州の高木兼重さんが、「仲間は六人 **死んじょる**\n> 。七番目はこのわしじゃ」と言った言葉が気味悪く浮かんできた。\n\nI initially thought it might be some kind of -おる form of 死んじる, but I can't\nfind any reference to 死んじる, so I'm wondering if it's some kind of dialectal\ndifference?\n\nI've found one reference to -じょる which refers to a Kagoshima variation of the\n-て form.\n\nI'm assuming that is probably the answer, but can anyone confirm please?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Verb Form I've Never Seen Before",
"view_count": 98
} | [
{
"body": "Dialect. The ちょる・じょる form is common in Yamaguchi prefecture, too. I think it\ncomes from て・で＋おる.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T13:12:58.693",
"id": "83404",
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| 83402 | null | 83404 |
{
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"body": "Full text: その他有価証券評価差額金\n\nMy issue: 有価証券. Is it \"Securities\" or \"Marketable Securities\"?\n\nMy understanding: Valuation difference on other marketable securities",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T12:25:38.933",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Japanese term or phrase: 有価証券",
"view_count": 73
} | [
{
"body": "有価証券 = marketable securities (Agreed). However, その他有価証券 must be translated as\navailable-for-sale securities. It is a stand-alone asset account that is\nsubject to tighter valuation rules than investment securities or held-to-\nmaturity securities.",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T07:36:53.413",
"id": "83433",
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| 83403 | null | 83433 |
{
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"body": "> 「う、うむ！よろしくだ、シドーではない女！」 「……は、はい、よろしくお願いします」\n> 頰に汗を垂らしながら握手を交わす。三人娘は少しだけ訝しげな顔をしたものの、まあいつもの十香 **である**\n> というところで納得したのだろう、深く追及はしてこなかった。\n\nThe protagonist 士道/シドー, a boy, was dressed as a girl. His classmate 十香 easily\nrecognized him but 士道 asked 十香 to pretend not to know him because he did not\nwant the three girls to know he is 士道. 十香 happily did as she was told by\nsaying「う、うむ！よろしくだ、シドーではない女！」.\n\nCould you please explain why there is a である before というところで?\n\n<https://nihongonosensei.net/?p=11855>\n\nAccording to the above link, when connecting a noun with というところだ, we don’t put\nanything in between. So we should just say 十香というところで, it seems.\n\nThank you for any answer.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why is there a である between a noun and というところだ?",
"view_count": 109
} | [
{
"body": "> まあいつもの十香であるというところで納得したのだろう、深く追及はしてこなかった。\n\nThe meaning of this sentence is: \"They didn't pursue the matter further,\nprescribing the odd comment (「う、うむ！よろしくだ、シドーではない女！」) to 十香's usual weirdness\".\n\nところで describes \"where\" (in the abstract sense) the 納得 happened (similar to\n落とし所). である means \"to be\", and here it comments that the behavior of 十香 is how\nshe is (usually).\n\nSo all combined, it says the three girls formed a mental comment that the odd\nbehavior fits with 十香's character (いつもの十香である), and goes on to say they 納得ed at\nthis thought.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-02T07:07:46.503",
"id": "83419",
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| 83407 | null | 83419 |
{
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"body": "From what I've been seeing, the two have somewhat similar meanings when used\nas interjections.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T20:07:37.747",
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"owner_user_id": "41409",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Difference between どうにかならない! and 仕方がない when used as an interjection",
"view_count": 70
} | [
{
"body": "どうにもならない (not どうにかならない) and 仕方がない are similar like you say.\n\nどうにもならない is however reserved for significant things as it conveys\nirreversibility. E.g. the following is fine:\n\n> 電気消すの忘れた \n> 仕方がないな\n\nThe following is odd because surely it's easy to go back and just switch it\noff.\n\n> 電気消すの忘れた \n> どうにもならないな\n\nThe following is thus natural again:\n\n> あー、家出る時電気消すの忘れた！もう飛行機あと５分で出るのに \n> どうにもならないな\n\nBecause the situation _is_ irreversible.\n\nSimilarly, the following is natural:\n\n> ごめん、名札書くときちょっと字汚くなっちゃった \n> 仕方ないな\n\nBut the following is almost provocational:\n\n> ごめん、書くときちょっと字汚くなっちゃった \n> どうにもならないな\n\n(Because \"Why is this person accusing me of some irreversible mistake, when it\njust looks slightly bad?\")",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-02T06:55:42.980",
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| 83408 | null | 83418 |
{
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"body": "Why in this phrase なんか used with ような?\n\n「な、なんか違うような……ううむ」\n\n * なんか - something like that\n * ような - like / similar to （or よう - way of doing, but then why な is here?）\n\nFor me, this two words almost the same in meaning. I met this structure\nbefore, but still can't fully understand it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T21:17:16.623",
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"tags": [
"word-usage",
"phrases"
],
"title": "なんか違うような help to understand",
"view_count": 87
} | [
{
"body": "The less colloquial and more complete form is 何か違うような気がする, which means \"I feel\nlike something is odd\" or \"something is not quite right\".\n\nIt's used in many situations, including when you want to point out somebody's\nunreasonableness in a polite way, e.g.:\n\n> 「あなたの仕事じゃ無いけど、指摘してくれたのはあなたなんだから、あなたがやってよ」 \n> 「な、なんか違うような。。。でもまぁいいよ」",
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| 83409 | 83417 | 83417 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83415",
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"body": "「そう難しく考えなさんな、佳織ちゃんよ」\n\nplease help to define grammatical structures in this word 考えなさんな\n\nなさ looks like なさい（imperative). てんな is ているな (continuative negative imperative)\n, but here is no て\n\nso what is this ? slang contraction for 考えているな (continuative negative\nimperative) ？\n\nP.S. solved, 考えなさんな it is contraction for 考えなさるな - polite negative emperative",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T22:15:30.517",
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"owner_user_id": "41000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"slang"
],
"title": "what grammatical structures in this word 考えなさんな?",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "なさんな is basically a shortened form of なさるな. なさる is an honorific version of する,\nand な is a negative imperative particle. It follows [this generic\npattern](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/61959/5010). There is no\nprogressive -teiru in this sentence.\n\n> そう難しく考えなさんな \n> (Please) don't think about it too hard.\n\nBut please note that uncontracted なさるな sounds like a samurai in historical\ndramas. We almost never say it in modern Japanese, just as we almost never say\nなされ (we say なさい instead). So it may be better to think なさんな is now a fixed\nexpression, as the links in the comment section say. In general, なさんな sounds\nfairly colloquial and old-fashioned.",
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| 83410 | 83415 | 83415 |
{
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"body": "I've been making my way through the book _Elementary Japanese Volume 1_ and in\nthe chapter on comparatives it introduced this construction:\n\n> AとBとでは、どちらの方がXですか。Between A and B, which one is X-er? \n> AとBとでは、Aの方がBよりXです。 Between A and B, A is X-er than B.\n\nIf I understood it correctly then the particles `で` and `は` are acting as they\nnormally would. Meaning the `で` here is the location marker and marks the\nrange of things we are comparing. And the `は` particle just marks the whole\nfirst part as the topic. However, what I don't understand is the use of the\n`と` particle at the end of the list, right after `B`. \nI think I have seen this construct without this `と`. So what exactly is it's\nfunction there?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-01T22:16:38.483",
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"id": "83411",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "Question about the と particle in comparative constructs",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "It's also the listing-と. Originally, the standard way to say \"A and B\" was\n`AとBと`, using と twice. In modern Japanese, the second と is usually dropped,\nbut it's still sometimes inserted for several reasons:\n\n * To emphasize a comparison\n * To make a sentence/title sound literary and sonorous (see the first link below for examples)\n * To increase the readability of a complicated long sentence by explicitly marking what are listed (see the last link below)\n\nIn your example, the second と is purely optional, and dropping it doesn't\nchange the meaning of the sentence. Still, I feel the second と somehow appears\noften in a context of choosing one from multiple options.\n\nSee also:\n\n * [「X」と「Y」と - how does the second と affect the sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30969/5010)\n * [Why is there a と in front of 別?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32765/5010)\n * [Meaning of と in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/71947/5010)",
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| 83411 | 83413 | 83413 |
{
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"body": "The person is describing (making up excuses) as to why they were late and one\nof them they said the below:\n\n「いやぁ……参りましたなぁ……コンビニの店員がちんたらレジやるから遅刻ですよ……」\n\n私は時計を見る。\n\n時間は11時すぎ、だいたい四時限目がはじまるぐらい。\n\n「えーと、それと電車がちんたらしてたからかなぁ？…… **なんか気分的に** ……」\n\nそれでもあまり時間は合わない……。\n\n「……あと……シャワーがちんたら出てたとか…… **なんか気分的に** ……」\n\n「……なんとなくそういう理由かな？」\n\nHow exactly does this 気分的に change the meaning of the sentence? I'm assuming it\nis trying to convey the idea of 'feeling' like the train was moving sluggishly\nbut I'm not sure how this differs from conveying the information using some\nform of e.g. ような気がする",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-02T03:59:23.403",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of 気分的に",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "It's adding an acknowledgment that the slower pace of the train is actually\nnot real (and is merely imagined).\n\nIf one is really trying to make excuses, one wouldn't do this (because it\nnullifies the excuse). The speaker is either comically cocky, making fun of\nthe conversation partner, or is being sheepish (my bet would be the former\ntwo, given the choice of ちんたら which doesn't fit with being sheepish).\n\nThe cliche would then be for the conversation partner to reply\n「お前、おちょくってんのか！」、「こいつ、大物だな」 etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-02T06:40:27.947",
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| 83414 | null | 83416 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83421",
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"body": "I would like to know the meaning of その姿に in the sentence\n\nContext: the character is genuinely impressed by her friend's determination at\npersisting in a way that seems to be a dead end.\n\n> 素晴らしいわ！その、非効率ながらもロマンを追い求める **その姿に** 、私は感動したわ！\n>\n> Just wonderful ! When I see you pursuing something so utterly impractical -\n> and yet so romantic - I'm moved to tears !\n\nI've looked into several questions such as\n\n[https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41627/meaning-of-\nおられる姿](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/41627/meaning-\nof-%E3%81%8A%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E5%A7%BF)\n\nand\n\n[https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9807/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-姿すがた-and-\n形かたち](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/9807/whats-the-difference-\nbetween-%E5%A7%BF%E3%81%99%E3%81%8C%E3%81%9F-and-%E5%BD%A2%E3%81%8B%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A1)\n\n姿 has a lot of meaning such as \"the way someone looks\", \"someone's\nappearance\", so I understand it can mean a lot of things (including working as\na nominalizer) but could you give me some info about その姿に ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-02T16:53:25.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "meaning of その姿に",
"view_count": 195
} | [
{
"body": "I think rather than the meaning of 姿, what is tripping you up here is the\norder of the sentence. Everything before this phrase is modifying the noun 姿.\n\n> **非効率ながらもロマンを追い求める** その姿 \n> That appearance **of pursuing romance/aspirations no matter how\n> inefficient**.\n\nWhich means this clause can be taken out of the sentence, and the independent\nclause would still make sense. So, if we remove this section, we should get:\n\n> その姿に、私は感動したわ！ \n> At that appearance, I am moved!\n\nThe sentence order is reversed to make it more emphatic. We can rearrange this\ninto:\n\n> 私はその姿に感動したわ！ \n> I am moved by that appearance!\n\nWhich looks a lot more like a textbook sentence structure.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-02T17:20:20.637",
"id": "83421",
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| 83420 | 83421 | 83421 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83429",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **視界左上** に固定表示されている細い横線が、わずかにその長さを縮める\n\nfrom ソードアート・オンライン1アインクラッド\n\nI'm curious to know why the author chose to use this construction instead of\n視界 **の** 左上.\n\nEdit: And unrelated to that, I just noticed that the 固定表示されている construction is\ninteresting too. What's going on there? Would I be right in assuming that\nthese two suru-verbs form a compound too?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-02T20:25:05.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nouns",
"compounds"
],
"title": "Why a compound noun instead of XのY?",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "画面の左上 and 固定で表示 are something we say very often in the context related to\ncomputers, and in such situations people start to drop the particles between\nthe two words. It's similar to how \"winter sport\", \"Hollywood movie\", \"earth\naxis\" and so on work without any preposition in English. (Although \"top left\nof the screen\" won't contract to \"screen top left\" in English, you can see why\n画面の左上 can become 画面左上 more easily.) 視界左上 is less common than 画面左上, but it can\nsafely be understood as an extension of 画面左上 in _SAO_.\n\nUsually you cannot freely drop の before 右, 上, 前, 北 and so on, but when that\nposition is important in a certain context, they suddenly start to work like a\n\"suffix\".\n\n * 氷川神社北 (bus stop), 東海大学前 (station)\n * ゴール右上 (soccer), ゴール手前 (marathon)\n * 夏休み前, テスト前\n\nI'd say 固定 in your example is just a noun (or a no-adjective). The same is\ntrue for 連続運転, 夜間走行, 画面共有 and so on.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [the omission of an implied \"の\" creates the appearance of a 四字熟語{よじじゅくご}?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19365/5010)\n * [Why isn't 日本料理 written as 日本の料理?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27485/5010)",
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| 83422 | 83429 | 83429 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83431",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 同時に, 胸の奥を **ひやりと** 冷たい手が撫でる\n\nSo in theory ひやりと is an adverb, which means it should be able to modify either\n冷たい or 撫でる.\n\nThese are my interpretations of the sentence, considering the possibilities:\n\n> 1)At the same time, a blood-curdlingly cold hand touched my heart\n>\n> 2)At the same time, a cold hand touched my heart, sending shivers down my\n> spine\n\nSo what is it, and how can I tell?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-02T21:28:48.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83423",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Adverb confusion",
"view_count": 61
} | [
{
"body": "I think the latter (2) is the better interpretation because _a)_ ひやりと冷たい\n(\"chillingly chilling\") sounds fairly redundant in isolation, and _b)_ most\nadverbs usually modify verbs.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T04:24:26.933",
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| 83423 | 83431 | 83431 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83432",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across a construction, こそ...め, that I don't know how to translate.\n\nSpecifically, め, which I know is the [已然]{いぜん}[形]{けい} of む, since it comes\nafter [未然]{みぜん}[形]{けい} inflections, is being used terminally. I don't know how\nto interpret this.\n\nI have a few example sentences from classical literature:\n\n> [千年]{せんねん}を[過]{す}ぐすとも、[一夜]{いちや}の[夢]{ゆめ}の[心地]{ここち} _ **こそ**_ せ _ **め**_ 。\n\n> 「[我]{われ} _ **こそ**_ [死]{し}な _ **め**_ 」とて、[泣]{な}きののしること、\n\n> 「とく _ **こそ**_ [試]{こころ}みさせたまは _ **め**_ 」など[聞]{き}こゆれば、\n\n> [恥]{はぢ}かはしてありけれど、[男]{をとこ}はこの[女]{をんな}を _ **こそ**_ [得]{え} _ **め**_ と[思]{おも}ふ。\n\nAs well as from the [仰]{あお}げば[尊]{とうと}し:\n\n> [思]{おも}えばいと[疾]{と}しこの[年月]{ねんげつ} [今]{いま} _ **こそ**_ [分]{わ}かれ _ **め**_ いざさらば\n\nWhat exactly does こそ...め mean? And also, can the [已然]{いぜん}[形]{けい} always be\nused terminally for any verb, or is this just a quirk of む?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T00:44:12.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83424",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"classical-japanese",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of こそ...め?",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "This 未然形+む is the same 未然形+む that evolved into the volitional form 未然形+う used\nin modern Japanese (hint: the meaning changes based on what person your\nsubject is (1st, 2nd, or 3rd)). You can find its uses\n[here](https://www.google.com/amp/s/kobun.weblio.jp/content/amp/%25E3%2582%2580).\nThis [こそ](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D) is being used in\na similar sense as in modern Japanese, i.e. to emphasize a particular portion\nof the sentence.\n\n**In classical Japanese, こそ before a verb triggered it to take the 已然形 in\ncertain cases (look up 係り結び)** , much like ぞ and や force 連体形. Confusingly it\ndoesn't take the usual こそ…已然形 meaning of (modern) こそ…けれども (and I can't answer\nas to why). Maybe someone will be willing to go through your examples and\nexplain what each one means, but you should be able to figure it out yourself\nwith the links I gave.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T06:32:35.173",
"id": "83432",
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| 83424 | 83432 | 83432 |
{
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"body": "I've noticed this is mainly for Japanese words that are similar to English\nwords such as ホットケーキ (Hot Cake/Pancake), but I don't really see it used for\nHiragana mostly it's for Katakana? I also know that Katakana is mainly used\nfor Western words, is there a specific reason why the dashes are used for\nthose words?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-03T00:56:59.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83425",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40335",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Why do some Japanese words use a dash such as ホットケーキ",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "It's used in both Hiragana and Katakana and it indicates a long sound. It's\nnot used in Kanji because that character represents something else (\"one\").\n\nIn your example, it's the difference between hottokeki and hottokeeki. The\nsecond is closer to the sound in English.\n\n[edit] It's less often seen in regular Hiragana - it will more often include\nthe extra character. When you do see it in Hiragana, it will almost always be\nin comic books.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T02:42:25.323",
"id": "83427",
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| 83425 | null | 83427 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83430",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「ちっちゃくてかわいいってことだよ」 \n> 「抱き上げて、もちゃもちゃっとしたくなっちゃう系の」\n\nCan't define words in this phrase もちゃもちゃっと. That is some sort of slang or\ncontraction?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T01:41:44.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83426",
"last_activity_date": "2023-01-14T02:37:48.100",
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"owner_user_id": "41000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "もちゃもちゃっと meaning",
"view_count": 231
} | [
{
"body": "もちゃもちゃ is not common at all, and I don't think I have seen it before. But\nthere is a word\n[もふもふ](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%A2%E3%83%95), which is\na super popular mimetic word today. ちゃ in a mimetic word is commonly\nassociated with a sense of messiness (see\n[わちゃわちゃ](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%8F%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%8F%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83),\n[ごちゃごちゃ](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%94%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%81%94%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83),\n[ぐちゃぐちゃ](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%90%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%81%90%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83)).\nSo people can intuit もちゃもちゃっとする (or もちゃもちゃする) is a little bit more aggressive\nversion of もふもふする (or\n[もふる](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%95%E3%82%8B) for short).\n\nPeople often [improvise unique onomatopoeic/mimetic\nwords](http://leodraco.blog120.fc2.com/blog-entry-377.html), so you may have\nto understand them through your imagination.",
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| 83426 | 83430 | 83430 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83482",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The meaning of のに is \"despite\", \"although\".\n\nBut in the sentence, it seems to have another role. Could you explain?\n\nContext: another character wants to join the team consisting of the\nprotagonist and Aqua.\n\n> 俺はここ二回のカエルと戦いで、どうもこの女神、ちっとも使えないんじゃないかと疑っているのだ。 はっきり言って、アクア一人でも厄介 **なのに**\n> これ以上問題児は。。。\n>\n> Our recent battles with the Giant Toads had left me doubting whether this\n> goddess was going to be any help to me at all. To be blunt, Aqua was a\n> liability all by herself. To take on another problem child ...",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T08:21:30.943",
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"id": "83435",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-05T22:08:02.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "Usage of のに contrary to what I expected",
"view_count": 192
} | [
{
"body": "のに is used in the situations below.\n\n> 簡単なのにできない。 It is easy, but I cannot do that.\n\n> 勉強するのに必要です。= 勉強する **ために** 必要です。 This is necessary to study.\n\n> メールしてねって言ったのに。。。 I told you to email me, but... (You did NOT do so. I am\n> angry or not satisfied.)\n\n> 簡単なはずなのに。。。 This is easy, but... This implies \"Why can't you do this\n> although this is so easy!?\"\n\nThe last case is close to your case.\n\n> はっきり言って、アクア一人でも厄介なのにこれ以上問題児は。。。\n\n> アクア一人でも厄介なのに。。。 \"Aqua is a problem person I barely handle, but...\" \n> This implies that \"I cannot handle another problem person anymore!!\"\n\nSo, He can say just \"アクア一人でも厄介なのに。。。\", but he said more words to show his\ncomplaint clearly. \n\"これ以上問題児は。。。\" = \"another problem person...\" \nHe didn't have to say words after \"厄介なのに\", but he said so.\n\nIf he said more clearly, he would say \"アクア一人でも厄介なのに、これ以上問題児が増えるのはごめんだ。",
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| 83435 | 83482 | 83482 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83438",
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"body": "Is it common to end the sentence with 事 ? (not the imperative case)\n\nI have often encountered sentences such as\n\n> 我が望みは、爆裂魔法を放つ事。 \n> My only desire is to let off Explosion.\n\nI understand that 事 is the 事 of nominalization and it could be followed by だ\nor です。\n\nWhat nuances does the absence bring (if any) when compared to\n\n> 我が望みは、爆裂魔法を放つ事だ。\n\nor\n\n> 我が望みは、爆裂魔法を放つ事です。\n\nDue to the usage of 我が, I would be inclined to think it gives more formality,\nbut I am not really sure.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T08:38:56.843",
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"id": "83436",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is it common to end the sentence with 事?",
"view_count": 235
} | [
{
"body": "In this instance it makes it sound more dramatic and possibly pompous.\n\nIf the sentence is stand alone (as opposed to being part of a longer text),\nthen it's just briefer and doesn't have this effect. E.g. if you had a list\nwith a sentence `今年の目標はもっと野菜を食べること`, then it's not dramatic or pompous - it's\njust briefer than writing `今年の目標はもっと野菜を食べることだ`.\n\nIf you write\n\n> 今年の目標はもっと野菜を食べること。その方が環境負荷が低いのである。\n\nThen it's a writing technique that delivers slightly more impact than writing\n`今年の目標はもっと野菜を食べることだ。` If you do it a lot it could create a pompous impression\n(or at least poor style).\n\nIt's useful to vary the rhythm. For example,\n`今年の目標はもっと野菜を食べること。その方が環境負荷が低いのだ。` would be considered a better style than\n`今年の目標はもっと野菜を食べることだ。その方が環境負荷が低いのだ。` as you avoid repeating だ.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"id": "83438",
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| 83436 | 83438 | 83438 |
{
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"body": "I would like to know if I'm not mistaken:\n\n> When having a series of の-adjectives, it is ok to perform an ellipsis of the\n> の particles and create a long kanji compound.\n\nFor example: 日本語基本文法辞典, or a sign on a building: 日本美術館。\n\nAs far as I know, this should have been: 日本語の基本の文法の辞典 and 日本の美術館。\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T12:44:11.967",
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"id": "83439",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"particle-の",
"ellipsis"
],
"title": "Ellipsis of の particle",
"view_count": 109
} | [
{
"body": "The omission of の works great in book names, organization names and such.\n(Similar things happen also in English, e.g. \"United Nations Human Settlements\nProgramme\").\n\nBut please note that it does not mean you can do the same in ordinary\nsentences. In ordinary sentences you can avoid too many の's by replacing some\nof them with other expressions.\n\nPlease also read: [the omission of an implied \"の\" creates the appearance of a\n四字熟語{よじじゅくご}?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19365/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T02:34:04.793",
"id": "83464",
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}
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| 83439 | null | 83464 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83446",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am practicing my choukai using this [link](https://jlptsensei.com/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2017/10/JLPT-N3-Practice-Test-listening-script.pdf). In the\npassage 6 of mondai 1\n\nMy understanding after reading the whole passage is that the lady is supposed\nto plan a trip. However, I did not understand the following sentence.\n\n> **M:** で、そこで何をするかだな。 食事しただけで終わるのは、ちょっとな。\n\nI translated in my mind as follows:\n\n> So, Next would be what to do there (after the arrival). After having a meal,\n> we have a little time left.\n\nI did not understand the relevance of this sentence here. Can somebody help?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-03T15:13:31.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83440",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-03T18:15:20.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "41438",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"listening"
],
"title": "Choukai discussing a business trip",
"view_count": 88
} | [
{
"body": "Your understanding of the first sentence is fine, but you've parsed the second\nsentence wrong. This ちょっと is a way of avoiding saying something negative\ndirectly. Something along the lines of \"a little...um...\" or \"...you know\".\nEverything before は is the subject (nominalized verb).\n\n> [食事しただけで終わる **の** ]は、ちょっとな。 \n> [Just having dinner (together) and being done with it] is...y'know.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-03T18:53:59.100",
"id": "83446",
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]
| 83440 | 83446 | 83446 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83443",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A simple example:\n\n> 日本語 **の** 勉強 **の** 時間\n\nIn theory, there could be several interpretations possible:\n\n> [日本語 **の** 勉強 **の** ] 時間\n>\n> 日本語 **の** [勉強 **の** 時間]\n>\n> [日本語 **の** ] [勉強 **の** ] [時間]\n\nAre there any general rules on how to deal with this kind of ambiguity?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-03T15:36:22.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83441",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-03T17:04:58.887",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Dealing with の ambiguities",
"view_count": 55
} | [
{
"body": "It depends.\n\n**(A's B)'s C** :\n\n * 財布の中の500円玉 \na 500 yen coin in the wallet\n\n * パパのパパのパパ \ndad's dad's dad\n\n * 不思議の国のアリス \nAlice in Wonderland\n\n * 日本語の勉強の時間 \ntime to study Japanese\n\n**A's (B's C)** :\n\n * 大阪の道の駅 \n[Roadside stations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadside_station) in Osaka\n\n * ニューヨークの自由の女神 \nThe Statue of Liberty in New York\n\n * 円周率の3番目の数字 \nthe third digit of π\n\n**Whatever** :\n\n * 今日の東京の天気 \ntoday's weather in Tokyo / weather in Tokyo today\n\n * 本物の恐竜の写真 \npictures of real dinosaurs / real pictures of dinosaurs\n\n * ピンク色の熊のぬいぐるみ \npink stuffed bear / stuffed pink bear\n\n**Ambiguous** :\n\n * ハワイの宝の地図 \nthe map of Hawaiian Treasure / the treasure map in Hawaii\n\n * 彼の親についての話 \nhis story about parents (in general) / story about his parents\n\n * ピンク色の犬の尻尾 \nthe pink tail of a dog / the tail of a pink dog",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-03T17:04:58.887",
"id": "83443",
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}
]
| 83441 | 83443 | 83443 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83445",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 牧師 **から** 信徒 **への** 手紙\n\n\"a letter from a pastor to the congregation\" - weblio example\n\nshouldn't it be\n\n> 牧師 **からの** 信徒 **への** 手紙\n\n?\n\nIt seems to me that 牧師から and 信徒へ are modifying 手紙 independently. Is this some\nkind of rule where の shouldn't be repeated in such cases?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-03T16:52:05.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83442",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-03T18:12:21.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の",
"particle-から",
"particle-へ",
"modification"
],
"title": "Why is there only one の in 牧師から信徒への手紙?",
"view_count": 100
} | [
{
"body": "AからBへ and AからBまで are treated as one set, and only one の is necessary. I think\nthis is an exception you need to remember. (I have mentioned this in [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/61177/5010).)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-03T18:12:21.873",
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| 83442 | 83445 | 83445 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83449",
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"body": "For reference the text comes from the following\n[tweet](https://twitter.com/SCA_DI/status/1345772095192530949)\n\nMy understanding of the context is that this person and someone else(referred\nto as 作画サイド in the tweet) had a work adapted into an anime that they weren't\ntoo happy about how it went. Essentially they (the anime studio / director /\netc) ignored the original creators and they replaced lots of the\njokes/parodies etc.\n\nI've highlighted the bit in bold that I'm looking for help with.\n\n> ちなみに世代的にパロディのネタはボクは分かったけど作画サイドは「全然知らん。分からん」状態で何度か\n> **「原作差し止めしてでもあの内容はやめてほしい」言われもても「まぁまぁ」といった結果が今なので、世の中「大人に対応」って言われるもんはその場凌ぎの無策って事だけは学びましたな**\n> 。\n\nIt's split into two parts:\n\n「原作差し止めしてでもあの内容はやめてほしい」言われもても「まぁまぁ」といった結果が今なので - My understanding of this is\nthat someone was asked by the artist to stop this \"content\"(referring to what\nis happening to the anime) even if it meant stopping the original work, and\nthey responded telling the person to calm down. Who was the person who told\nthem this, it sounds like it was someone other than the author of the tweet\nbut I'm not sure.\n\n世の中「大人に対応」って言われるもんはその場凌ぎの無策 - The thing called \"adult response\" is just a\ntemporary/stopgap measure. Would anyone be able to provide more understanding\nin what they mean by this phrase?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T01:49:40.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83448",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-04T06:34:23.450",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-04T03:52:24.700",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "41443",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding this tweet",
"view_count": 94
} | [
{
"body": "Looks like this 某アニメ refers to\n[this](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%81%88%E3%81%B3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%93%20%E5%85%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%80%81%E6%A0%96%E5%B7%9D%E9%AB%98%E6%A0%A1%E5%A4%A9%E6%82%B6%E9%83%A8),\nwhich was full of parodies from old anime in the 80s and 90s. 原作(者) refers to\nthe tweet author (すかぢ) himself.\n\n> 何度か 「原作差し止めしてでもあの内容はやめてほしい」言われもても \n> I've been told several times \"Stop those (weird parodies) even if that\n> means using your power as the original author\", but...\n\n言われもても is a typo for 言われてても. This 原作差し止めする means 原作者としての権力を使って(アニメの内容を)差し止める,\nnot 原作を差し止める. Of course the point of those tweets is that the 原作者 had no such\npower.\n\n> 「まぁまぁ」といった \n> things went like \"Calm down\"...\n\nI think it's best to interpret this といった as not \"I said ～\" nor \"They said ～\"\nbut as \"It went like ～\". The author probably wanted to say `「まあまあ」という感じになった`\nbut it was truncated a bit oddly because it was a tweet.\n\n> 結果が今 \n> ...and the consequence is this (what we can see now).\n\nGrammatically, 結果 is modified by a long relative clause (何度か～といった).\n\n> なので、世の中「大人に対応」って言われるもんはその場凌ぎの無策って事だけは学びましたな。 \n> So I at least learnt that so-called 大人の対応 is just a stopgap measure.\n\n大人の対応 is \"handling matters maturely\". It implies someone in the 委員会 said\n\"Let's be more mature about this\" to him, and he realized it just meant\n\"Please do nothing, please don't complicate things now\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T04:00:09.247",
"id": "83449",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-04T06:34:23.450",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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}
]
| 83448 | 83449 | 83449 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83455",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a multiple choice question and the correct answer seems to be 困った, but\nI wonder why 困る is not right.\n\nThe sentence is as follows しまった!財布を忘れてきた。(困る/困った)なあ。\n\nI do think Japanese tense can be quite confusing sometimes. I'll appreciate it\nif you can explain this to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T06:51:19.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83450",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-04T15:45:22.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "41445",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "The difference between 困る and 困った in this sentence",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "困った would be correct because the action happened already. There's _already_\ntrouble so past tense.\n\nIt'd be easy to make a case where both are correct though.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T15:45:22.777",
"id": "83455",
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| 83450 | 83455 | 83455 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The context is that someone has lost a present and the main character goes to\nlook for it. He goes up to a shopkeeper who asks him what's wrong and he\nresponds with\n\n> ええ、少々探し物を。昨日チャミーさんが **落し物をされたらしくて** 。。。何か気づかれませんでしたか？\n\nThis looks like the passive form. I'm confused because if Mrs. Chammy is the\nsubject here, then what is being done to her and who is doing it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T07:40:09.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83451",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-04T08:51:47.927",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-04T08:51:47.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "41446",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "What does the phrase 落し物をされる mean in this sentence? It doesn't sound like correct passive voice",
"view_count": 51
} | []
| 83451 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83454",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This was written on a rock on Cobra Kai on Netflix. [Season 3 , Episode 8 , ~\n22.5 minutes]\n\nWhat does it mean ?\n\nGoogle Translation:\n\nEnvy shows a rockless garden\n\nI'm surprised and disappointed if it means nothing or if at least it is a bad\ntranslation of something. They had a great chance to impart some wisdom from\nboth Japanese culture and from karate philosophy. Why would they not hire\nexperts to confirm all these details ? At S3E4 ~32.5 minutes, Daniel clinks\ndrinks with Kumiko and says kanpai, she responds with karii. I looked it up\nand karii is in fact an Okinawan version of kanpai. I was impressed by this.\nWhy they couldn't do the same for the writing on the rock is beyond me.\n\nChekhov's gun : <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekhov%27s_gun>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T10:34:54.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83453",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-03T21:34:41.060",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-04T18:01:22.363",
"last_editor_user_id": "29665",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does this Japanese mean ? It was written on a rock on the series Cobra Kai ? 妬みは岩のない庭を見せる",
"view_count": 1541
} | [
{
"body": "It's gibberish, and the \"handwriting\" is distinctly that of a beginner.\n\"岩のない庭を見せる\" is very unnatural and matches the pattern generated by poor\nmachine translation, so my guess is someone put something into machine\ntranslation and then transcribed the result. Maybe someone can reverse\nengineer what was put in.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T10:47:04.227",
"id": "83454",
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},
{
"body": "First, it's based off a russian proverb, \"Envy sees an ocean without rocks\",\nso it's not even Japanese. Second, the verb is incorrect. The stone says\n\"miseru\" (to show) and not \"miru\" (to see).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-01-02T20:23:20.457",
"id": "92803",
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| 83453 | 83454 | 92803 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83457",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Character1:「でもワタシ……ゾウさんが好き……」\n\nCharacter2:「にゃんじゃそらー！？」\n\nwhat is にゃん meaning in this sentence ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T15:49:09.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83456",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "what is にゃん meaning",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "「にゃんじゃそらー！？」＝「何じゃそれは？！」\n\nThe な of 何 has been pronounced にゃ to give a quirky, catlike impression. じゃ is\na version of だ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T16:13:04.360",
"id": "83457",
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| 83456 | 83457 | 83457 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83460",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **好きな食べ物** は食べた\n\n> **好物** は食べた\n\nWhich is more natural or common in writing or conversation?\n\nConverted into English, is this the same difference between \"favorite thing to\neat\" and \"favorite food\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T20:22:16.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83458",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-04T23:45:05.797",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-04T23:45:05.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 好きな食べ物 and 好物?",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "There are some differences in meaning and usage between the two terms.\n\nIn some contexts they are interchangeable. For example, I could write in my\ndating app プロフ(profile):\n\n> 好きな食べ物/好物：ピザ、ちゃんこ鍋、ラーメン\n\n「好物」can be used to refer to not just food, but drink too.\n\n>\n> 15世紀のイタリアに生きたレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチはワインが大好物だったと聞いても決して意外ではないでしょう。([source](https://blog.sapporobeer.jp/knowledge/11400/)) \n> It should come as no surprise that wine was a favorite of Leonardo Da\n> Vinci, who lived in 15th century Italy.\n\n「好物」can also be used as a prepositive/attributive noun to modify another noun\nin a noun phrase:\n\n> 自宅で好物の料理を作りましょう\n>\n> 妹が俺の好物のバウムクーヘンを作ってくれた。やった！\n\nBy the way, your sentences are grammatical but sound a bit strange with the\ntopic marker 「は」. It seems you are saying you ate the food you liked and left\nout the stuff you didn't like.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-04T23:16:37.830",
"id": "83460",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-04T23:24:04.220",
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"owner_user_id": "30454",
"parent_id": "83458",
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"score": 3
}
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| 83458 | 83460 | 83460 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My boss _(early 60s, former department chief, male, Tokai Region)_ often uses\n\"(noun)+願います\" in written requests like this:\n\n> 翻訳願います \n> ご確認願います.\n\nI haven't come across it before and can't find info online due to the overly\nsimilar standard \"お願いします\". I understand what it means, but what is the nuance?\nIs this old man speech, boss to 部下 speech, is this regional, or standard? etc.\nIs it identical in meaning to お願いします or is it stiffer, more like an order,\netc?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T00:30:33.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83461",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-05T01:59:58.697",
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"owner_user_id": "10361",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the nuance of (noun)+願います?",
"view_count": 80
} | [
{
"body": "～願います is not regional nor old. Basically it's a little less polite version of\nお願いします. It's okay in a mail from a boss, but it's generally safe to avoid\nusing this when you write something to your boss or your business partner. It\nalso depends on how much you are asking for; メールをご確認願います and ご遠慮願います tend to\nsound safe, but you should avoid 願います when you make some major request\npolitely.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T01:59:58.697",
"id": "83462",
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| 83461 | null | 83462 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "In comparison to 連濁, finding rules on 促音 seems much harder. If possible, I\nwould like to figure out what the rules are, that is, in which positions 促音\n_can_ occur, and in which positions 促音 is _likely_ to occur. (Limited to\nKanji-only words, that is ignoring phenomena such as っ for emphasis or elision\nin speech, e.g. っす)\n\nFor most words, these rules seem to hold:\n\n * 促音 not in word-initial position\n * 促音 only in the last mora of a morpheme\n * 促音 only in two-or-more mora morphemes\n * 促音 only rarely before some suffix morphemes (者, 的, the like)\n * 促音 only in /u/ or /i/ based mora\n\nI have also observed:\n\n * The rarer the word, the less likely it has 促音\n\nIt might be the case that:\n\n * More 促音 in 音読み words\n\nThe general pattern is: C(u/i)CV -> っCV Seemingly, most consonants can only\nreduce in front of the same consonant (so がっこう), but つ and ち seem to be able\nto reduce in front of the same consonant. \nつ and く seem to be the most likely to reduce, but perhaps only because they\nare the most common.\n\nIncidentally, these rules seem pretty similar to 連濁.\n\nAre there other tendencies that have been observed, e.g. via corpus analysis?\nAre there other rules?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T02:30:02.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83463",
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"last_editor_user_id": "41089",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"phonology",
"phonetics",
"phonotactics"
],
"title": "What are the phonotactic rules of 促音 in lexical items?",
"view_count": 76
} | []
| 83463 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I'm struggling to understand how the bolded part in the below sentence changes\nthe meaning of the sentence.\n\nI think that 狭さ refers to narrowness(in context that they are both walking\nclose together in a very tight space), but I am not sure which に this is and\nhow it is modifying the rest of the sentence.\n\n> 七菜海のリアクションが、可愛くてそれでなくても、 **この狭さに** 、密着でドキドキの俺は、悟れまいと尤もらしいことを言う",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T02:46:15.380",
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"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "41324",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of に in この狭さに",
"view_count": 81
} | []
| 83466 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83468",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Nearly all Japanese verbs are classified as either transitive or intransitive.\nHowever, I am wondering if there are cases where one can use an intransitive\nverb in a transitive way, especially in a humorous, poetic, or philosophical\ncontext.\n\nFor example: the verb 「死ぬ」is intransitive, as is the verb \"to die\" in any\nlanguage. However, in some languages like English we have expressions like \"to\ndie a painful death\". Here the abstract concept \"death\" is the **object** of\nthe **intransitive** verb \"to die\".\n\n**Is this possible in Japanese?** That is, is something like「死を死ぬ」acceptable\nin Japanese, or would it be considered ungrammatical by virtue of having\nused「を」with the verb「死ぬ」?\n\nWould a native speaker of Japanese understand an expression like 「死を死ぬ」, or\nwould it sound like gibberish to them?\n\n* * *\n\n(See the Wikipedia page on [cognate\nobjects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognate_object) for a description of\nthe general concept , although the the term \"cognate object\" is a bit of a\nmisnomer as the key idea is not about the object being cognate with the verb.\n\"Abstract object\" would be a better term.)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T03:34:23.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83467",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "36778",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Can intransitive verbs be used in a transitive way with abstract objects?",
"view_count": 192
} | [
{
"body": "Something like 悲劇的な死を死ぬ makes no sense in Japanese. If you're interested in\nsuch patterns, the answer is \"no\". As a native Japanese speaker, I was totally\npuzzled when I saw \"to die a tragic death\" in an English sentence for the\nfirst time. I have never seen anything similar to this in Japanese.\n\nOf course you can say 長い話を話す, 楽しい歌を歌う and so on, but these do not seem to\nmatch the definition of cognate objects in Wikipedia (話す and 歌う are inherently\ntransitive).\n\nSome suru-verbs work both transitively and intransitively (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34049/5010)), but I think this is\nnot what you are asking about.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-05T03:51:50.880",
"id": "83468",
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}
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| 83467 | 83468 | 83468 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83536",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I would like to know the difference between the two sentences\n\n> こちらを見ていた\n\nand\n\n> 私を見ていた\n\nThe translation is the same I think\n\n> She was looking at me\n\nis こちら and 私 interchangeable when using を after ?\n\nEDIT: the main character can be quite rude and also uses quite a lot of slang\nexpressions. However, he is quite impressed by the girl in question.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T11:45:08.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83471",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-07T15:28:05.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"word-usage",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Difference and usage between こちら and 私",
"view_count": 396
} | [
{
"body": "こちら is a bit more formal than 私 [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/w1V8W.png)\n\nsource:Japanese A Comprehensive Grammar Routledge (2003)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T15:24:16.163",
"id": "83474",
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{
"body": "> is こちら and 私 interchangeable when using を after ?\n\nTo directly answer this question, yes, and no. It is not a one to one\nconversion. The reason for this relies solely on the difference between the\nwords.\n\n**こちら:** The [dictionary\ndefinition](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%AD%A4%E6%96%B9) of this word is varied\nand diverse. The definitions you will encounter are, `this way/direction;\nhere; this (one); I; we; me; us; this person.`\n\nThe thing about こちら is that you have a sense of vagueness about the subject\nyou are talking about. So when you say `こちらを見ていた`, you could reasonably\nlinearly translate that as, `Me (object) looked at`, or `This way (object)\nlooked at`. Typically though, the vagueness of the word eliminates `me` as an\noption, because it is not directly clear what/who you are talking about.\n\nThe vagueness is intentional for two reasons. First, Japanese people don't\nlike to be direct when they are referring to themselves in a humble way. It\ncomes off presumptuous to assume she was looking at _me,_ when she could have\nbeen looking elsewhere. It (very slightly) elevates _her_ in the\ncommunication, and distinguishes _her_ as a person that is respected by the\nspeaker.\n\nSecond, it is altogether plausible that she wasn't looking directly at you,\nbut at something behind you/to your side, so looking 'this way' could\ntechnically be more accurate than 'at me.' Unless she confirms what she was\nlooking at, we just don't have any way of knowing for sure.\n\nReplace こちら with 私, and you start making strong assumptions at exactly what\nshe was looking at. You also remove the sense of respect (however small) that\nyou would have had in the other sentence.\n\nIn practice, the difference between こちら and 私 in these sentences is the same\nthe difference between, `looking this way` and `looking at me`, as noted in\nthe comments by @user4092.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-07T16:28:41.687",
"id": "83519",
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"body": "I find this question interesting, as I sense some mismatches between English\nand Japanese behind it.\n\nLet me first clarify that no native speaker would think こちら in your こちらを見ていた\nas a personal pronoun. こちら is indeed among words that may function as a first-\nperson pronoun, but only in a somewhat diplomatic context like \"our side\" or\n\"our organization\"; even if in singular, \"I, as a stakeholder\", \"I,\nrepresenting our company\" etc. So the literal translation in that situation\nwill be \"was looking at this way\" which is different from 私を見ていた.\n\nThen, can you change こちらを見ていた to 私を見ていた? Usually not recommended unless, say,\nyou believe she is a stalker. In English grammar, we can use a person as\ndestination to say \"he visited me\" or \"I listen to her\", which is impossible\nin Japanese (× 私を訪問した × 彼女を聞く). In this light, 私を見ていた is certainly a valid\nsentence, but not a naive equivalent of \"she was looking at me\". It implies\nthe speaker is convinced that the looker is interested to know about or\ncollect information from that personality by looking; that is like \"watch me\",\n\"look into me\", or \"look at _me_ \" in the same way you \"look at _a problem_ \".\n\nTo simply tell the objective fact that someone has the eyes focused on you,\nyou use 方 \"direction\" to say 私の方を見ていた. And this would be little different than\nこちらを見ていた. Alternatively, you can say 私の顔を見る or 私の体を見る using externally visible\nparts.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-08T12:34:15.633",
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| 83471 | 83536 | 83519 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I frequently saw or heard the word \" **から** \" in some Japanese TV shows, I\nknow the word basically means \"since\" or \"from\", but it seems can't always be\ntranslated like that.\n\nHere's a sentence from the caption of a Japanese TV show:\n\n\"ここは もう 何年も 使ってない部屋らしい **からねぇ** 。\"\n\nThe English translation is \"It seems that this room hasn't been used for\nyears.\"\n\nThe meaning \"since\" or \"from\" all don't match the translation, so what exactly\ndoes \" **からねぇ** \" mean in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-05T15:20:05.487",
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"id": "83473",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"usage",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of \"からねぇ\" used in the end of a sentence?",
"view_count": 61
} | []
| 83473 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I'm really new at this but I'm a big fan of the Japanese language. I found a\nlist on Quizlet with the most used vocabulary such as to go, to see, etc to\nlearn with their Kanji (I already learned Kana). My question is since there's\nalways a Kunyomi and/or Onyomi pronunciation, which one am I learning right\nnow? For example, いく （行く）= to go (this is how Quizlet teaches it). Is いく one\nway of saying to go or is there like a basic pronunciation or does it depend\non the word?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-05T15:40:27.647",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How to pronounce basic vocabulary",
"view_count": 91
} | [
{
"body": "Kanji change pronunciation based on many factors, and one kanji can have a\ndozen different prounciations. It's not productive to worry about all them,\nand instead you should learn complete words.\n\nThe same kanji can represent different words with different readings, like\n行(ぎょう)-line and 行(こう)-act, in which case the reading and the meaning should be\nclear from the context. Sometimes, the author of the text will provide\nfurigana (the reading of the word, written in hiragana, positioned on top of\nthe kanji) to specify which reading and meaning is intended.\n\nAnd in some cases, words can have the same readings but their meanings differ\nbased on the pitch accent. Something to be aware of when listening to native\nspeech.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-05T16:15:33.190",
"id": "83476",
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"body": "To answer your question 行く (いく) you learned is the kunyomi reading, and yes\nsometimes there are more kunyomi readings and sometimes more onyomi readings\nfor a kanji.\n\nAlmost always when you have kanji together they use onyomi instead, like the\nword action for example, 行動 (こうどう) you use the onyomi of 行 (コウ) and 動 (ドウ). To\nbe clear here I wrote the onyomi readings with katakana.\n\nSo I guess in the beginning when you learn words like 帰る、行く、食べる、飲む。they will\nall use kunyomi, then when things get more kanji heavy you will use the onyomi\nmore frequently.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-05T23:42:44.890",
"id": "83487",
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| 83475 | null | 83476 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83481",
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"body": "My grammar book says the もいいですか is used with verbs, adjectives, and\nnoun+copula. But will something like this be understood?\n\n> 東京へもいいですか\n\nWith the omitted verb (行って) being understood from context somehow.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T17:48:21.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83477",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Is it possible to say 東京へもいいですか",
"view_count": 86
} | [
{
"body": "I think we cannot understand it from context somehow.\n\nIf I heard the sentence \"東京へもいいですか\", I would think that you wanted to say\n\"東京でもいいですか\" or \"東京もいいですか\" because we never say \"東京へもいいですか\".\n\nFor example, if you plan to go to 大阪 and your boss knew that you are going to\ngo to 大阪. You want to go 東京 too, but you need your boss's permission. \nEven in this case, we don't omit \"行って\".\n\nHowever, It is a rare case, but you could say \"東京にも（へも）・・・いいでしょうか。\".\n\nYou can say this in case your boss knows you want to go to \"東京\", and you know\nthat he/she wouldn't allow you to go, but you want to give it a try. \nYou also can say \"東京にも・・・・・・\" in this case.\n\nBut, I think this is a rare case and it needs \"・・・\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 83477 | 83481 | 83481 |
{
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"body": "My \"katakana-go\" is a bit rusty. I'm pretty sure the bottom one is a raisin\nand buttercream cake (or something like that) but not sure about the top. I'm\nassuming it's a transliteration of a foreign dessert but don't know what it\nis. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HR4u0.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T18:10:15.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83478",
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"owner_user_id": "1308",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"katakana"
],
"title": "What kind of desserts are these?",
"view_count": 96
} | [
{
"body": "The names of these products are making use of 飾りフランス語 to give a French touch\nto them, but suggesting they are related to any existing foreign desserts\nremains to be seen...\n\nブランチュール is probably made of ブラン ( _blanc_ ) and チュール ( _tulle_ ). For the\nfirst part, English _bran_ can certainly be discarded in favor of French\n_blanc_ ( _white_ ) since it contains _milk chocolate_ (ミルクチョコレート).\n\nラングドシャクッキー can be parsed as ラングドシャ ( _langue-de-chat_ ), which is a very thin\nfinger-shaped crisp biscuit or piece of chocolate, and クッキー ( _cookie_ )...\nSee: [cat's tongue cookie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat_tongue).\n\nガトーレーズン is made of ガトー ( _gâteau_ ), a rich cake, and レーズン ( _raisin_ ),\npartially dried grape.\n\nEDIT: Alternatively, ブラン could be French _brun_ ( _brown_ ), which would match\nthe packaging color then...",
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| 83478 | 83480 | 83480 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What are the nuances when an intransitive verbs becomes a passive verb. Is not\nit just duplication:\n\nExample\n\n> 窓が開いた\n\nAnd\n\n> 窓が開かれた\n\nIsnt 開かれる and 開く both mean \"to be opened\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T18:14:10.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83479",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-06T14:17:52.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "39695",
"owner_user_id": "39695",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Intransitive verb that becomes passive?",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "> 窓が開いた \n> And \n> 窓が開かれた\n\nDo you mean 窓が[開]{ひら}いた and 窓が[開]{ひら}かれた ? If so, the [開]{ひら}かれた is NOT the\npassive of intransitive [開]{ひら}いた but the passive of **transitive** [開]{ひら}いた.\n\nActive: 窓を[開]{ひら}く \"(someone) opens the window\" ← [開]{ひら}く is transitive \n⇨ Passive: 窓が[開]{ひら}かれる \"the window is opened (by someone)\"\n\n* * *\n\nIf you mean 窓が[開]{あ}いた and 窓が[開]{あ}かれた, then your second sentence is\ngrammatically incorrect.\n\n* * *\n\nAs you may know, [開]{あ}く is intransitive, [開]{ひら}く can be transitive and\nintransitive, and [開]{あ}ける is transitive. To sum up:\n\n> ◎「窓が[開]{あ}く」「窓が[開]{ひら}く」-- intransitive \"the window opens\" \n> ◎「窓を[開]{ひら}く」「窓を[開]{あ}ける」-- transitive \"to open the window\" \n> ◎「窓が[開]{ひら}かれる」「窓が[開]{あ}けられる」-- passive of 窓を[開]{ひら}く and 窓を[開]{あ}ける. \"the\n> window is opened\" \n> ✕「窓が[開]{あ}かれる」-- incorrect\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Distinguish between homonyms & potential form](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/69691/9831)\n * [ひらく / とじる vs. あける / しめる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6449/9831)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-06T15:41:30.823",
"id": "83497",
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]
| 83479 | null | 83497 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83486",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I feel like I am blanking on a very common conjunction word.\nよく聞く言葉みたいな気がしますが、どうしても思い出せないんです。I am looking for a word that means \"in fact\",\n\"actually\", as in:\n\n> You can call me by my first name. Actually, please call me by my first name. \n> ファーストネームで呼んでいいぞ。______ ファーストネームで呼んでくれえ。\n\n> I don't think it is a good idea to go into the school building at night when\n> nobody is there. In fact, it is illegal if you do and I am going to call the\n> police. \n> 夜に誰もいない校舎に入るのは良くないと思うよ。______ 入ったら違法行為で、通報する。\n\nDictionaries and Google Translate have been of no help at all, because these\nEnglish phrases have multiple meanings, and the dictionaries all give me words\nfor one sense of these two phrases: 「実際に」, but these phrases mean something\ntotally different in the contexts given above, more like \"on the contrary\".\n\nI can only think of 「それどころか」. But I thought there was a more colloquial,\ninformal phrase/word for it. I seem to vaguely recall it was something\nshorter, crispier. Is there such a word? For some weird reason I keep thinking\nit sounds like 「もはや」...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T22:52:33.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83483",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-05T23:29:04.100",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-05T23:06:35.177",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Is there another term for \"in fact\", \"actually\"?",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "ああ、思い出しました。もしかして「むしろ」かな。\n\n> ファーストネームで呼んでいいぞ。むしろファーストネームで呼んでくれえ。\n\n> 夜に誰もいない校舎に入るのは良くないと思うよ。むしろ入ったら違法行為で、通報する。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T23:29:04.100",
"id": "83486",
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]
| 83483 | 83486 | 83486 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83488",
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"body": "How far can I go just piling them up before it becomes gibberish?\n\n> 友達たちは、のびのび 話して 歩いて ビールを飲んで 物事を考えて 歩いた\n\nIs that something a Japanese person would actually say?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T22:59:15.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83484",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"adverbial"
],
"title": "How far can I go with adverbials?",
"view_count": 66
} | [
{
"body": "Technically you can go on forever and it won't be gibberish. That said if you\noverdo it, it might make you seem like an inexperienced writer.\n\nYoung school children do this often (e.g.\n「昨日は動物園に行って、ヤギを見て、うさぎを見て、お弁当を食べて、そしたらはなちゃんが勝手にライオンの方にいったので注意して、まさみ先生もいました」）",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-05T23:55:48.893",
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]
| 83484 | 83488 | 83488 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83489",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Slowly but surely, quickly and precisely, etc. You get the idea.\n\nSome people say that \"slowly but surely\" is \"ゆっくり **と** 着実に\", others \"ゆっくり\n**だが** しかし着実に\"\n\nSo which is it? Are there other connective particles I can use, and can I use\nthem with all kinds of adverbials or just with simple adverbs?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-05T23:20:09.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83485",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adverbs"
],
"title": "What are the rules of connecting two adverbs?",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "Both are grammatically correct, but ゆっくりと確実に is a simple combination of two\nadverbs, whereas ゆっくりだがしかし着実に makes a strong contrast between the two, like\n\"slowly, and yet surely\". Which you need depends on the context.\n\nOther options:\n\n * ゆっくりそして確実に\n * ゆっくりかつ確実に\n * ゆっくりながら確実に (relatively literary)\n\nThese feel somewhere between \"slowly and surely\" and \"slowly yet surely\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T02:32:22.773",
"id": "83489",
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]
| 83485 | 83489 | 83489 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83491",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Learning particles and looking at `wa` vs `ga`. From what I have seen `wa` is\nthe topic/general and `ga` is for the subject/specific.\n\nI was watching [this video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=128&v=9J4FL1CbXTg)\nwhich had the following example:\n\n> I like Van Gogh's paintings.\n>\n> Gohho no e ga suki desu.\n\nI understand they are talking about Gogh's paintings specifically so they used\n`ga`, but since there isn't plurals in Japanese from what I have learned so\nfar and `ga` was already used to refer to Gogh specifically and not a specific\npainting, how does one express the following?\n\n> I like this Van Gogh painting.\n\nFumbling around with translators it appears the entire sentence changes to add\n`this` and `I` become the topic whereas before `I` was omitted.\n\n> Watashi wa kono Gohho no e ga suki desu.\n\nStill learning the basic sentence structures, but is that correct? Because I\nadded `this/kono`, the entire sentence must change to include myself as the\ntopic? I was expecting to just be able to place `kono` somewhere in the\noriginal sentence. When do I know I need to use `Watashi` instead of just\n`desu`?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T06:19:36.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83490",
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"last_editor_user_id": "39516",
"owner_user_id": "41470",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "「が」(ga) vs 「は」(wa) when it comes to specifically \"this\" object / referring to self",
"view_count": 190
} | [
{
"body": "I believe I figured out my confusion. Because `watashi` was omitted in the\nprevious sentences I learned, I thought `desu` filled in the gap because I\nmisunderstood what it meant in `TyCobb desu.`. The textbook automatically\nomitted `Watashi wa` so I thought `desu` referred to `I` in certain\nsituations/contexts.\n\nUpon further research, it is `to be, is/am` or used to end a sentence after a\nnoun or adjective. This made me realize that `suki` in Japanese is a na-\nadjective or noun or both? Need to revisit that, but it's not a verb like it\nis in English.\n\nSo if what I have read is correct, this should be correct:\n\n> Kono Gohho no e ga suki desu.\n\nAnd if I understand writing (or at least typing and checking the chart) in\nhiragana correctly:\n\n> このごっほのえがすきです。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T07:53:53.543",
"id": "83491",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-06T08:11:36.963",
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"parent_id": "83490",
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"score": 2
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]
| 83490 | 83491 | 83491 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83493",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I sometimes see 「と使う」instead of 「を使う」. My understanding was that the only\noccasion where「使う」takes 「と」is with 引用, as explained\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A8/#jn-154670).\n\n> （文や句をそのまま受けて）動作・作用・状態の内容を表す。引用の「と」。\n\nFor some examples, we don't have to look very far:\n\n> [補説]...\n> 仮定形「たら」は、多く「ば」を伴わないで「雨が降ったら中止だ」などと使われ、「遅いからもう帰ったら」のように文末に用いられて8の意を表す。([source](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29766/what-\n> does-%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-do-at-the-end-of-a-sentence/29777#29777))\n>\n>\n> ゲームを終了すること。「今日は疲れたのでもう落ちます。」などと使われる。([source](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/59925/how-\n> to-ask-if-someone-wants-to-continue-farming-a-boss-in-game-interrupt-to-\n> le/59931#59931))\n>\n> 昔、TBSの番組「ザ・ベスト10」で久米宏が なに気に 「〜かしら」と言ったのを見て初めは かなり衝撃でしたが\n> アナウンサーの業界では以外と使われている様です。([source](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/164/are-\n> there-any-situations-where-%E3%81%8B%E3%81%97%E3%82%89-is-considered-\n> appropriate-normal-for-males-to/744#744))\n\nBut I just saw this:\n\n> 呼びタメと使っているけど、意味を理解してない☆彡 ということでいいのですかね？？\n> ([source](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1098935240))\n\nIt sounds a bit odd to me. I thought, \"For sure it should be 「呼びタメを使っている」,\nright?\" So why is 「と」used here? And in general when should I use「と使う」instead\nof「を使う」?\n\nAnd I am also wondering: with 引用, can I use「を」too? e.g. その文には \"what\" を使えません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T08:25:49.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83492",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-06T08:31:19.293",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "「と使う」ってなぜ「を」じゃなくて「と」なのですか？",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "Probably, this person made a typo while trying to write 呼びタメという言葉を使っている or\n呼びタメと言っている.\n\n呼びタメ **を** 使っている makes little sense in that context (she's gotten keigo\nreplies).",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-06T10:55:46.970",
"id": "83493",
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| 83492 | 83493 | 83493 |
{
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"body": "I've come across a lot compunds of kanji where the kanjis mean the same thing.\nFor example, 状態=state, 態=state, 状=state 表面=surface, 表=surface, 面=surface,mask\nCan someone explain how these two kanji compounds work and how do the meanings\nof the kanjis interact?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T13:05:05.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83495",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-06T17:22:23.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "41473",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"compounds",
"japanese-to-english",
"semantics"
],
"title": "Kanji compounds with the same meaning",
"view_count": 336
} | [
{
"body": "**Compound words are made of kanji, but each kanji is not necessarily \"words\"\nthat can be used on its own.** Consider, in English, _telepathy_ is made of\n_tele-_ and _-pathy_ , both of which have some meanings. But that does not\nmean you can use \"tele\" or \"pathy\" as a standalone word in a sentence. On the\nother hand, _network_ is made of _net_ and _work_ , and both can be used also\nas standalone words.\n\nLikewise, in Japanese, many kanji do not make much sense if used on their own.\nEach time you see a new kanji, you have to remember whether it is a true word\nor \"just a character with some meaning\".\n\n * **状** : It's not usable as a word. It's used only as part of compounds (性状, 状況, 異状, etc).\n * **態** : It's rarely used as a word. It means \"voice\" as in \"passive voice\" in linguistic contexts, but it's rare.\n * **表** : It means \"chart/table/spreadsheet\", but not \"surface\", as a standalone word.\n * **面** : It has many meanings as a standalone word (see your dictionary). Note that 表面 means \"outside surface\" but 面 as a word is more generic and can also refer to 裏面 and 内面.\n\nSometimes, very similar two kanji are compounded just to make the word longer.\nThis is necessary because the on-reading of each kanji is short and there are\nmany kanji with the same on-reading (for example, there are dozens of kanji\nthat is read じょう; 情, 上, 城, 錠, 条, ...). See: [If 校 is the kanji for school, why\ndo I need 学 to actually say\nschool?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15111/5010), [What's the\ndifference between 重責 and\n責任?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53781/5010) and [Contribution of 気\nto the meaning, for example, 勇気 and\n勇](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/80496/5010).\n\nSee also: [Can kanji compounds be formed\narbitrarily?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17996/5010)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T17:22:23.283",
"id": "83500",
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}
]
| 83495 | null | 83500 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What is the meaning of 震えてら and how is it different from 震えている?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T15:28:33.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83496",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 震えてら?",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "> 震えてら。\n\nThe ～てら(あ) ending is\n[this](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A6%E3%82%89%E3%81%82/#jn-152635):\n\n> てらあ の解説 \n>\n> ［連語］《「ている」に終助詞「わ」の付いた「ているわ」の音変化》「ている」の意を感動的に、また、とがめたりさげすんだりする口調で表す。…ているなあ。…ているよ。「あんなにきれいに咲いてらあ」「そんなこと知ってらあ」 \n> [補説]ガ・ナ・バ・マ行の五段活用動詞に付く場合は「でらあ」となる。また「てら」と約してもいう。「鳥が飛んでらあ」「あんなこと言ってら」\n\nIt can add an emotional, despising, or reproaching tone to a sentence ending\n「～ている。」. To me, it sounds pretty old-fashioned, and I think it's probably\nheard/used more in Kanto region than here in Kansai region. It can be\npronounced/written 「てらあ。」「てらぁ。」 or 「てら。」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-06T16:11:23.137",
"id": "83498",
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| 83496 | null | 83498 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83504",
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"body": "For context: Person A brings up something about a club they are in, to which\nperson B wonders whether it is a problem for person A. A third person (female,\nusually speaks formally) then chimes in, referring to person A:\n\n> [A]も一員なのだなと理解しました\n\nI think the first part is a sentence ending in 「なのです」, with 「です」 becoming 「だ」\nfor 「と臨海する」, but I can't figure out what the 「な」 between these two parts\nmeans. Without it, I would loosely interpret the sentence as something like\n\n> [A] would not be a member of the club if it was a problem\n\nBut I am not sure whether the 「な」 carries some extra meaning I am unaware of.\nIs it something like a prohibitive form? Is it a variant of 「ね」? Or am I\nparsing the sentence wrong in the first place?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T17:17:50.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83499",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-06T18:47:00.407",
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"owner_user_id": "41476",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "「なのだなと理解する」- what does the second な mean?",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "So here it is important to note the function of another particle 「と」in the\nsentence. As [goo辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A8/#jn-154670)\nexplains:\n\n> （文や句を **そのまま** 受けて）動作・作用・状態の内容を表す。引用の「と」。\n\n「そのまま」tells us when「と」is present you can leave the quotation as is, with all\nthe particles that shape the way something is said. With this explained, let's\nlook at your sentence.\n\n> ([A]も一員なのだな)と理解しました\n\nIt now should be clear that the「な」is a sentence ending particle used to help\nexpress a personal feeling or to seek the listeners’ confirmation and/or to\nsoften the imperative tone. And you are right that it functions similarly\nto「ね」. For example:\n\n> この文章は大丈夫だな",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 83499 | 83504 | 83504 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83502",
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"body": "I am trying to understand the following short conversation. But I have some\ntrouble understanding the last sentence.\n\n> female 1: まだまだ 忙しそうだな…\n>\n> female 2 looking at phone sad: うん… だから別れ話も できなくって…\n\nMy translation:\n\n> Seems like [he] is still busy...\n>\n> Yeah... that's why I have not been able to connect [with him].\n\nI feel like my translation of the second sentence is off. Because I don't\nreally know how to interpret the \"別れ話も\". The literal translation I think is\nParting conversation? I feel that, that does not sound right.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T17:42:00.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83501",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-06T19:51:08.480",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-06T19:51:08.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "3295",
"owner_user_id": "41477",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "interpretation of a sentence -\"だから別れ話しも できなくって\"",
"view_count": 67
} | [
{
"body": "別れ話 means talking about separation. It appears that female 2 is planning to\nseparate from her significant other, but due to him being busy, she hasn't\nbeen able to bring that up yet.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T19:27:11.547",
"id": "83502",
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{
"body": "別れ話 is “the discussion” that a couple has just before breaking up (別れる). So it\nseems “female 2” can’t get to broach the subject to her boyfriend(?) due to\nhim being busy.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T19:50:18.197",
"id": "83503",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-06T19:50:18.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "83501",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 83501 | 83502 | 83502 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83507",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Apparently it's a common way to write this phrase, at least on the web.\n\n> 見てみてください\n\nWhat's up with that?\n\nI first encountered it on weblio\n\n<https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%22%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%A6%E3%81%BF%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A0%E3%81%95%E3%81%84%22>\n\nSome examples, the first results from google\n\n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1443775544>\n\n<https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11197208331>\n\n<https://hinative.com/ja/questions/13962808>\n\n<https://hinative.com/ja/questions/3923425>",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T21:41:52.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83505",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-06T23:41:22.193",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-06T22:12:56.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "41270",
"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "\"見てみて\" , why is the second 見て in hiragana?",
"view_count": 197
} | [
{
"body": "Those two「みる」have different meanings and functions here.「みる」corresponds to\nseveral different verbs with different meanings and functions. To list a few:\n「みる」、「見る」、「診る」、「観る」、「視る」、「看る」. Using different kanji suggests different shades\nof meaning and emphasis. 「見る」is the most commonly used rendition simply\nmeaning \"to see/look\" in a generic sense.\n\n「てみる」means to give something a try, to try and do something and see how it\ngoes. It is usually written in kana, pursuant to official guidelines. The\northography of kanji and kana use has been codified in a cabinet directive\n[公用文における漢字使用等について（昭和56年内閣閣第138号）](https://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/sanko/koyobun/pdf/kunrei.pdf)which\nspecifies suggested usage and orthography.\n\n> 次のような語句を，( )の中に示した例のように用いるときは， **原則として，仮名で書く** 。 \n> 例 \n> 略... \n> ・・・てみる(見てみる。)\n\nThe boldface words read:\n\n> ...(these phrases) should be written in kana, in principle\n\nAnd the example I quote here is exactly what you are asking about.\n\nTherefore,「見てみる」means \"to try and take a look\" and usually translates as \"take\na look\" with the suggestive \"try\" part implied. So 「見てみてください」would be \"Please\ntake a look.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T22:42:55.817",
"id": "83507",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-06T23:41:22.193",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-06T23:41:22.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"parent_id": "83505",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 83505 | 83507 | 83507 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83508",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "あるサイトでこの投稿を見たけれど、意味がよくわかりません。\n\n> 部活の推薦で高校へ行くか、自分の学力で行くか迷っています、、、部活は剣道の推薦で偏差値的には全然普通に受ける高校の方が高いです、、、\n\nこれはその投稿のすべての内容ですが、前半は大丈夫ですけど、後半で僕の理解が正しいかどうかはわかりません。二つの選択肢があって、投稿者は推薦のことを考えてるみたいです。後半について僕の理解：\n\n> 部活（の推薦の方）は (in the case of 部活の推薦)、[偏差値的には全然普通に受ける高校の方が高いです]\n\nカッコ内の言葉がよくわからないです。何のことが高いですか？偏差値なのか、部活なのか。部活の推薦があれば、なぜ高い偏差値が必要ですか？普通に受けるって何が普通ですか？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-06T21:49:19.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83506",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T04:37:42.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"sentence"
],
"title": "この文で「高い」って何のことでしょうか",
"view_count": 124
} | [
{
"body": ">\n> カッコ内の言葉がよくわからないです。何のことが高いですか？偏差値なのか、部活なのか。部活の推薦があれば、なぜ高い偏差値が必要ですか？普通に受けるって何が普通ですか？\n\n高いのは、偏差値です。「普通に受ける」は、「一般入試を受ける」ことです。部活の推薦がもらえる高校の偏差値よりも、自分が一般入試を受けるつもりの高校の偏差値のほうが高い、ということです。\n\n原文は少しわかりにくい書き方をしているので、こう言いかえるとわかりやすいかと思います：\n\n> 部活は剣道の推薦です。偏差値的には、推薦をもらえる高校より、全然普通の一般入試で受ける高校の方が高いです。\n\nあるいは、\n\n> 推薦をもらえる部活は、剣道です。推薦をもらえる高校より、一般入試で受ける高校のほうが、偏差値が全然（≂断然）高いです。\n\n部活の推薦（スポーツ推薦）は通常は「専願」で、決まったら別の高校に変更できません。推薦入試は、時期が早いです。１２月ごろに推薦を受けて決まってしまったら、２月ごろにある一般入試は受けません。この人は、推薦を受けて偏差値が低めの高校で妥協すべきか、推薦を受けずに学力でもっと偏差値の高い高校の一般入試にチャレンジすべきか、迷っています。前者だと、偏差値が低めの高校にしか進学できませんが、受験勉強しなくていいし不合格になる可能性もほとんどありません。一方、後者だともっとレベルの高い高校に行けますが、受験勉強しなくてはいけませんし不合格になるリスクもあります。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T00:14:16.503",
"id": "83508",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T04:37:42.163",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-07T04:37:42.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "83506",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 83506 | 83508 | 83508 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83512",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading this [article on\nNHK](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210107/k10012800851000.html), but I am\nhaving a hard time understanding the title...\n\n> 緊急事態宣言出すのを前に諮問委員会始まる 専門家に意見聴く\n\nfor the first part `緊急事態宣言出すのを前に諮問委員会始まる`\n\nI am having a hard time parsing this. I understand:\n\n> 緊急事態宣言出す - releasing the declaration of the state of emergency\n\n> 諮問委員会始まる - Advisory committee begins\n\nWhat is throwing me off is the **前に** after the **のを**...\n\nif it was:\n\n> 緊急事態宣言出すのを諮問委員会始まる - The advisory committee will begin the releasing of the\n> declaration of the state of emergency.\n\nor\n\n> 緊急事態宣言出す前に諮問委員会始まる - The advisory committee will begin before releasing of\n> the declaration of the state of emergency.\n\n**So what I think it means is this?! is it correct?**\n\n> 緊急事態宣言出すのを前に諮問委員会始まる - The advisory committee will begin the releasing of\n> the declaration of the state of emergency before. (before what??)\n\nNow for the second part\n\n> 専門家に意見聴く - Asking the opinion of a specialist.\n\n**Why are they using 聴く and not 聞く or 訊く?**\n\nif it was\n\n> 専門家の意見（を）聴く - Hearing the opinion of a specialist.\n\nI would be fine with it....",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T02:44:50.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83511",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T01:49:19.080",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-08T01:49:19.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"newspaper-grammar"
],
"title": "Using 聴く instead of 聞く to mean \"ask\"?",
"view_count": 708
} | [
{
"body": "The particles を, が are omitted. The sentences are using \"headline grammar\".\nSee:\n\n * [what is the name of the abbreviated writing style used in newspapers?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14512/9831)\n\n> 緊急事態宣言出すのを前に諮問委員会始まる 専門家に意見聴く\n\nto rewrite it in normal grammar:\n\n> 緊急事態宣言 **を** 出すのを前に諮問委員会 **が** 始まった。専門家に意見 **を** 聴いた。\n\nliterally:\n\n\"Prior to releasing the declaration of the state of emergency, the advisory\ncommittee began. (They) heard opinions from experts.\"\n\nIn 「～のを前に」, the の is a nominalizer. For 「Noun+を前に」\"before/prior to~\", see:\n\n * [How does one analyze \"N + を前に + V\", where N is not an object of V](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18847/9831)\n\n聴く looks more like \"hear (someone's opinion)\" or \"listen (to someone's\nopinion)\" (≂「耳を傾ける」) than 聞く which can be \"ask (opinions from...)\"\n(≂「(意見を)求める」). eg 公 **聴** 会\n\n> 専門家の意見（を）聴く - Hearing the opinion of a specialist.\n\nI agree that strictly grammatically, 「専門家 **の/から** 意見を **聴く** 」 or 「専門家 **に**\n意見を **聞く** 」 would look more correct than 「専門家 **に** 意見を **聴く** 」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T03:52:28.060",
"id": "83512",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T04:44:03.837",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-07T04:44:03.837",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "83511",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 83511 | 83512 | 83512 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83517",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 俺の本まだ要るの？返せよ！\n\nこういう感じで言いたいですけど。なんていうか、違和感？なんとなく、変な感じの気がします。「～がまだいる」は聞いたことない気がします。それ、言わないじゃないですか。\n\n> その本はまだ必要です\n\nというのはもっとナチュラルそうですけど。これは何故ですか。「まだいる」は正しいですか？じゃないと、\"Do you still need\nthat?\"を日本語にどう直せばいいですか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T09:43:48.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83513",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T14:02:57.570",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"adverbs",
"collocations"
],
"title": "「まだ要る」いけません？なぜですか？",
"view_count": 179
} | [
{
"body": "> これ、まだ要る？ \n> -- うん、まだ要る。 \n> -- ううん、もう要らない。\n\nのように、カジュアルな日常会話で使ってると思います。変な感じはしません。\n\n> その本はまだ必要ですか。 \n> -- はい、まだ必要です。 \n> -- いいえ、もう必要ではありません。\n\nのように言うと、かなりフォーマルで硬い感じになります。「いる」より「必要」のほうがより硬い感じがします。\n\n> その本はまだ要りますか。 \n> -- はい、まだ要ります。 \n> -- いいえ、もう要りません。\n\nのように言ってもいいです。\n\n> 俺の本まだ要るの？返せよ！\n\nと言ってもおかしくありません。\n\n> 俺の本まだ必要なの？返せよ！\n\nでもいいと思うのですが、「俺」「なの？」「返せよ！」などカジュアルな言葉と一緒に使うなら、「いる」のほうがよりしっくりするかもしれません。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T13:57:28.023",
"id": "83517",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T14:02:57.570",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-07T14:02:57.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "83513",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 83513 | 83517 | 83517 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So to say \"all seeing eye\" in Japanese, すべて見る目 is all good as far as I know,\nbut I've occasionally run into it with wo「を」 and no「の」. What are the nuances\nof saying it with these particles, compared to without? I think I would choose\nwo before no if I want to describe an eye that sees everything, would that\nmake sense or is it all extremely similar? I'm still new to phrasing the same\nthing in different ways.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T09:50:27.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83514",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T22:04:05.557",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-07T10:07:51.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "すべて見る目 vs すべてを見る目 vs すべての見る目",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "These can be parsed as:\n\n[すべて見る]目, relative clause + noun\n\n[すべて **を** 見る]目, same thing, but this time すべて is treated as a noun\n\n[すべて **の** ][見る目], is a bit more interesting because now 見る目 is treated as a\nnoun phrase modified by another noun\n\nTranslating the third one into English gives a very awkward phrase, but it\nmight be more natural-sounding in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T21:42:36.513",
"id": "83526",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T21:42:36.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41270",
"parent_id": "83514",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 83514 | null | 83526 |
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