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"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I need to translate \"fight for the present\" for a personal poem and I would\nlike to divide it into two rows: \"fight\" and \"for the present\". Is it\npossible?\n\nI'm pretty sure that something like this \"現在 (to head) のために戦う\" doesn't make\nmuch sense. How can I correctly do this?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T20:07:21.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83744",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41609",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"phrases"
],
"title": "How do I say \"for the present\"?",
"view_count": 91
} | []
| 83744 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83746",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 西村大臣は「できるだけ出かけないようにしてください。そして、会社に行く人をいつもより７０％少なくしてください。去 **年の春もお願いしたことで**\n> 、緊急事態宣言を早く **やめる** ためです」と言っています。 \n> Minister Nishimura said \"Please don't go out if possible, and please reduce\n> the number of people going to work by 70%. ?????\"\n\n 1. I'm assuming I've translated 会社に行く人をいつもより７０％少なくしてください correctly. It seems like a bizarre thing to request. How would you know that your actions resulted in a 70% reduction? (that's a rhetorical question. It's why I think the request sounds bizarre).\n\n 2. The final sentence baffles me. I'm sure I'll kick myself but I read it as \" ...so we can end the state of emergency early by having requested last spring.\" I cannot think of any sensible meaning/translation of 去年の春もお願いしたことで.\n\n 3. Is やめる in the last sentence 止める or is it the potential form of 止む. I'm rather less familiar with the usage of 止む, but the potential form seems to fit better with the sentence.\n\n**Edit**\n\nWell I think I figured out that it means \"so we can end the state of emergency\nearly by **doing the things that** we also asked you to do last spring.\", but\nis this really natural Japanese or is it oversimplified? It feels like there's\na をして missing at the very least.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T23:24:56.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83745",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 去年の春もお願いしたことで",
"view_count": 113
} | [
{
"body": "I was typing this out as a comment, but I wanted to cite a dictionary source,\nso I decided to put it in an answer instead.\n\n 1. I read 「会社に行く人をいつもより７０％少なくしてください」 as a request in general terms, like a call on the public and companies to help achieve that goal.\n\n 2. I interpret 「去年の春もお願いしたことで」 as something along the lines of \"We have asked this of the public last spring\" or \"As early as last spring, we made the same request\"\n\n 3. Isn't「止む」intransitive/自動詞? I don't think the 「やめる」here is the 可能形 of「止む」. For usages of 「止む」, [goo 辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%AD%A2%E3%82%80_%28%E3%82%84%E3%82%80%29/) gives:\n\n> １ 風・雨・雪など、自然現象の動きがなくなる。「夕立が―・む」「風が―・む」\n>\n> ２ 続いていたことがとまる。物事にきまりがつく。終わる。「騒動が―・む」「銃声が―・む」「死して後 (のち) ―・む」\n>\n> ３ 高まった感情や病気などがおさまる。 \n> 「わたつみの海に出でたる飾磨 (しかま) 川絶えむ日にこそ吾 (あ) が恋―・まめ」〈万・三六〇五〉\n\nWith 「 **を** 早くやめるため」, I see it as a plain 「やめる」, \"to put an end to\nsomething\". I am not sure why you thought otherwise.\n\nCuriously enough though, there is an extra entry under 「止む」:\n\n> ［動マ下二］「や（止）める」の文語形。\n\nThis is where I am out of my depth. I am not sure if this is related. Doesn't\nseem so to me though.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-19T00:48:10.527",
"id": "83746",
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{
"body": "You should split the sentence like this:\n\n> 「会社に行く人をいつもより７０％少なくしてください。去年の春もお願いしたこと **です** 。緊急事態宣言を早くやめるためです。」\n\n「(これは、)去年の春もお願いしたことです。」 means \"This(=会社に行く人を７０％減らすこと) is what we also\nrequested last spring.\"\n\n「(これは、)緊急事態宣言を早くやめるためです。」 means \"This is for the purpose of ending the state\nof emergency as early as possible.\"\n\nこの「～をやめる」は、普通の「～を[止]{や}める」です。「終わらせる」\"end~\" の意味です。\n\n> や・める【▽止める・▼已める】〘他下一〙 \n> ❶ それまで続けてきた行為・動作・状態などを終わりにする。 \n> 「酒［販売］をやめる」「仕事［練習］をやめてお茶にする」⇔続ける \n> （明鏡国語辞典）",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-19T01:08:21.760",
"id": "83748",
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}
]
| 83745 | 83746 | 83748 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83749",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just have a simple question about volitional verbs + という + 姿勢. I know that\n姿勢 means both 'posture' and 'attitude', so I just wanted to get a\nclarification on whether something like 頑張ろうという姿勢 is a _description of an\nobservable state of affairs_ (e.g., you see that the person is heaving,\nsweating, and concentrating) or is something more _figurative_ (e.g., the\nperson may not show physical signs of exertion, but you intuit their\npsychological state as one being of exertion). Or are both interpretations\npossible?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-19T00:58:30.937",
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"owner_user_id": "39908",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Ambiguity of 姿勢 in constructions like 頑張ろうという姿勢",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "The latter. 姿勢 used like this doesn't refer to a physical posture. It almost\ncertainly refers to an overall attitude. In a rare case where you want to mean\nthe former, you can say something like 頑張ろうという体勢.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-19T01:25:12.027",
"id": "83749",
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| 83747 | 83749 | 83749 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83754",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "While watching Konosuba, when Megumin will do her self-introduction (she\nspeaks in an archaic way) she says:\n\n> 我【わ】が名【な】はメグミン! \n> アークウィザードを生業【なりわい】とし、最強【さいきょう】の攻撃【こうげき】魔法【まほう】、爆裂【ばくれつ】魔法【まほう】を操【あやつ】る者【もの】。 \n> あまりの強大【きょうだい】さ故【ゆえ】世界【せかい】に疎【うと】まれし禁断【きんだん】の力【ちから】を汝【なんじ】も欲【ほっ】するか？ \n> ならば我【われ】と共【とも】に究極【きゅうきょく】の深淵【しんえん】を覗【のぞ】く覚悟【かくご】をせよ。 \n> 人【ひと】が深淵【しんえん】を覗【のぞ】く時【とき】、深淵【しんえん】もまた人【ひと】を覗【のぞ】いているのだ\n\nThe words/expressions that I didn't understand are \"生業【なりわい】とし\" and\n\"究極【きゅうきょく】\", I researched a lot, but I couldn't understand their meaning in\nthe sentence.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-19T02:16:15.263",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83751",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-19T04:51:25.600",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-19T02:42:48.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "41607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"words",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What do 「生業とし」and「究極」mean in this passage?",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "「生業【なりわい】」and「究極【きゅうきょく】」can be found in dictionaries.\n\nWWWJDIC gives: 「生業【なりわい】」\n\n> (1) occupation; calling; (n) (2) livelihood\n\n「究極【きゅうきょく】」\n\n> ultimate; final; last; eventual\n\n「とし」is the 連用形{れんようけい} of 「とする」, (per WWWJDIC「とする」: (3) to take as; to treat\nas; to regard as). For details on 連用形{れんようけい}, please see [this excellent\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18964/30454).\n\n> アークウィザードを生業とし\n\n> As an arch wizard\n\n「究極【きゅうきょく】」just means \"ultimate\" and is quite commonly seen in fantasy works.\n「究極の深淵」: ultimate abyss.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-19T02:48:45.840",
"id": "83752",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-19T04:51:25.600",
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{
"body": "> アークウィザード **を** 生業 **とし** 、～～\n\nThe し is the 連用形(continuative form) of the verb する. It can connect clauses,\nlike the て-form. You can rewrite it as:\n\n> アークウィザードを生業とし **て** 、～～ （← sounds more casual and modern）\n\nAをBとする literally means \"make A as B\".\n\n> _lit._ \"I make アークウィザード my job, and...\"\n\nFor 「～を仕事とする」, 「～を～とする」, see:\n\n * [What is this と?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54632/9831)\n\nFor more on the 「～を～とする」「～を～にする」 structure, see also:\n\n * [What is the difference between NをNとする and NをNとして/に?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/74139/9831)\n * [Meaning of ~を~に(して) / ~を~として / ~を~にする / ~を~とする / ~を~にした / ~を~とした](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/73082/9831)\n\n究極の深淵 means \"ultimate abyss\" (but does it not make sense in English?). 究極の is\na na-adjective meaning \"ultimate\".",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-19T03:24:06.847",
"id": "83754",
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| 83751 | 83754 | 83754 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83760",
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"body": "Does the practice of not speaking directly about others' minds, but using ～がる\nto be indirect, apply to animals? i.e., would you ever say something like\n\"犬は外に行きたがっている\"? If so, does this vary when talking about your pets -- part of\nyour household -- as opposed to unfamiliar animals?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-19T03:18:50.647",
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"id": "83753",
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"owner_user_id": "40237",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Is ～がる used to speak about animals?",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "The Dictionary of Basic Grammar only states that it can be used with a person\nother than the speaker. However, It seems you can use ～がる with animals. I\ndon't think it matters if the animal is familiar or unfamiliar.\n\nI found\n[その犬は中へ入り[外へ出]たがっている.](https://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E7%8A%AC%E3%81%AF%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%B8%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8A%5B%E5%A4%96%E3%81%B8%E5%87%BA%5D%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B.%22)\nat Weblio.\n\nAnd here is [an interesting article about why cats seem to want to eat their\ndead\nowners](https://natgeo.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/news/17/062700244/?P=2#:%7E:text=%E9%9A%99%E3%81%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%B0%E9%A3%BC%E3%81%84%E4%B8%BB%E3%82%92%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%B9%E3%81%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86).\n\nSo, it seems like the animal doesn't have to be familiar to you since in the\nsecond link its a news story.",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-19T14:07:25.413",
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| 83753 | 83760 | 83760 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83757",
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"body": "How would I translate 「業魔灰燼剣」\"Gouma Kaijinken\"?\n\nThis is from Tales of Destiny: Director's Cut (テイルズ オブ デスティニー ディレクターズカット)\n\nAnd here is a short video showing what it looks like:\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nm4DSjqDK8w>\n\nI've tried Google Translate, DeepL, Microsoft Bing Translator, and looking at\nthe characters individually, or pairing them up as 「業魔」 + 「灰燼」 + 「剣」\n\nSome things I've come up with so far:\n\n 1. Daemon Ash Fire\n 2. Daemon Hellfire\n 3. Daemon Ash Sword\n 4. Devil Ash Blade",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-19T03:41:33.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83755",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"video-games"
],
"title": "How to translate「業魔灰燼剣」\"Gouma Kaijinken\" to English?",
"view_count": 108
} | [
{
"body": "This 業魔灰燼剣 is the name of a 技 (skill/move), not the name of a particular\nphysical sword. In modern Japanese, 灰燼 is a rare word but it is used almost\nexclusively in set phrases 灰燼に帰す and 灰燼と化す. So the meaning of 業魔灰燼剣 is either\n\"a demonic move that can reduce enemies into ashes\" or \"a move that can reduce\neven even strong demons to ashes\", but not \"a sword made from ashes of a\ndevil/demon\".\n\nFor this reason, I feel \"Daemon Ash Sword\" and \"Devil Ash Blade\" might be a\nlittle off. The other options may not be the literal translation, either, but\nI think it's up to you. (I personally feel Daemon Hellfire is the \"safest\",\nbut please note that purely opinion-based questions are off-topic on this\nsite.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-19T06:15:08.023",
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| 83755 | 83757 | 83757 |
{
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"body": "When listing steps (step 1, 2, 3, etc) do you use the Native Japanese counter\nor the Sino Japanese counter?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-19T15:19:02.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83761",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41618",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"numbers"
],
"title": "Native or Sino Japanese numbers?",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "Sino-Japanese.\n\nステップ[1]{いち}、ステップ[2]{に}、ステップ[3]{さん}。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-19T15:53:30.763",
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| 83761 | null | 83762 |
{
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"body": "I'm looking for some help understanding the four lines in bold below. The\ngeneral context of the conversation is that Person 2 has asked everyone to\nleave him and 沖田 alone together for the day as 沖田 said she wanted to spend the\nday with him. As he is seeing two of his friends off the following\nconversation occurs:\n\n> Person 1「二人きりになりたいからとか、あんたからそんな言葉が聞けるようになるとはねー」\n>\n> Person 2「べ、別にそういったやましい気持ちはなくてさ…」\n>\n> Person 1「あれー、おかしいなー。あたしは別にどんな気持ちとか言ってないんだけどなー。」\n>\n> Person 3「どういう経緯であれ、沖田が心底信頼してんだ。それでいいじゃねぇか。」\n>\n> Person 1「ぶぅ…べっつにいいですけどー。」\n>\n> Person 2「なに、ぶーたれてんだよ。」\n>\n> **Person 1「沖田ちゃんだって女の子なんだから、そういうの気にしてもいいと思っただけだもん。」**\n>\n> **Person 3「まぁ、あいつはそういうの考えたこともなかっただろうからなぁ。」**\n>\n> **Person 2「だ、だから僕だっていうのか？」**\n>\n> **Person 1「鈍感気取ってるモヤシ眼鏡は置いて、買い物いこう」**\n\nMy understanding of the lines before it is that Person 1 jokes and implies\nthat he has something else in mind and not just to spend time together, which\nhe refutes.\n\nMy understanding of the lines in bold are:\n\n「沖田ちゃんだって女の子なんだから、そういうの気にしてもいいと思っただけだもん。」- I think she is saying that 沖田 is a\ngirl, so Person 2 should be more conciously aware/thinking about these things.\n\n「まぁ、あいつはそういうの考えたこともなかっただろうからなぁ。」 - I think he is saying that he doesn't think\nthat Person 2 has thought about those things(following on from previous\nspeaker)\n\n「だ、だから僕だっていうのか？」 - I'm not quite sure what he means by this line.\n\n「鈍感気取ってるモヤシ眼鏡は置いて、買い物いこう」- Let's leave Mr insensitive/oblivious wimpy four-\neyes and go shopping.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-20T02:42:16.253",
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"id": "83764",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding this excerpt",
"view_count": 91
} | [
{
"body": "「沖田ちゃんだって女の子なんだから、そういうの気にしてもいいと思っただけだもん。」is that \"沖田 is a girl, so **she(沖田)**\nshould be more consciously aware/thinking about that kind of things.\n\n「まぁ、あいつはそういうの考えたこともなかっただろうからなぁ。」is that \"I think that **she(沖田)** had never\nthought about that kind of things,\"\n\n「だ、だから僕だっていうのか？」means \"Did **she(沖田** ) choose me because of that?\"\n\n沖田 doesn't seem to think of Person2 as a man who approaches her.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T07:58:28.820",
"id": "83767",
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"score": 2
}
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| 83764 | null | 83767 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the best way to say that someone needs to do something, as in \"5\nEnglish slangs you need to know\"? I found some ways\n\n> 知る必要があるの5つ英語のスラング。 \n> 知らないといけないの5つ英語のスラング。 \n> 知るべきの５つ英語のスラング。\n\nWhich is more correct or in what context should each be used? Is there a\nbetter way to say this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T04:09:05.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83765",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-20T10:16:17.817",
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"owner_user_id": "41607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say that you need to do something?",
"view_count": 641
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, one の is necessary between 五つ and 英語、and the first の is not\nnecessary and the second の can be omitted such as 知る必要がある5つの英語スラング.\n\n知る必要がある is \"you need to know\".\n\n知らないといけない(知らなければならない) is \"you must know\".\n\n知るべき is \"you should know\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T10:16:17.817",
"id": "83770",
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| 83765 | null | 83770 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83771",
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"body": "# 日本語\n\n> これからEKって呼びますねっ！！((ネーミングセンスとは\n\nネットでこれを言われたんですけど、後半のインターネットスラングの意味はよくわからないです。「((」は大丈夫ですが、「とは」というのはどういう意味ですか？書き手の心情は一体何なんですか？自分がネーミングセンスないってこと？それとも僕がネーミングセンスないって？\n\n# English\n\n> これからEKって呼びますねっ！！((ネーミングセンスとは\n\nSomeone said this to me. I understand \"((\" is probably a punched face. But I\ndon't quite get the 「とは」. My understanding is 「とは」at the end of the sentence\ncan mean one of two things: short for 「とは何だ？」\"What's the meaning of...\" or\nshort for 「とは思わなかった」.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T08:52:57.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83768",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-20T09:07:46.783",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "「((ネーミングセンスとは」とは？",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "This とは is a phrase used to present the definition (or important\ncharacteristics) of something (see [Use of とは when there doesn't seem to be\ncomparison](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38576/5010)). [Another type\nof とは for surprise](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/77982/5010) is not\nrelated to this sentence.\n\nAs net slang for ツッコミ, `X + とは` is said when some word or phrase is used in a\nstrange and funny manner. It roughly means \"Now I'm starting to wonder what X\nmeans...\", \"Is that what X is supposed to mean?\", \"What kind of X is it?\", \"Is\nthat what you call X?\", etc.\n\nFor example,\n\n * A「上手にパンケーキができました！」(with a photo of a blackened pancake) \nB「パンケーキ #とは」\n\n * A「100時間勉強するだけで受かるので、とても簡単な試験でした！」 \nB「\"とても簡単\"とは」\n\nIn your example, wasn't the word ネーミングセンス used proudly before this sentence?\nIf not, that part probably means \"Now I'm starting to doubt my sense for\nnaming things\" or maybe simply \"What a sense of naming!\". Basically they're\nsaying they know EK is not a very nice nickname but could not think of a\nbetter one.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-20T10:35:35.657",
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| 83768 | 83771 | 83771 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Is it always possible to replace よう with みたい?\n\nFor example in this sentence:\n\n> 思うようにはいかないものだ。\n\nWould\n\n> 思うみたいにはいかないものだ 。\n\nwork as well?\n\nI've read many times that these two can be interchangeable, but it seems\nthat's not always the case. Are there are any rules explaining when one of\nthem sounds better or is grammatically correct and the other doesn't or is\nnot?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T12:48:41.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83772",
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"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "36278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"synonyms"
],
"title": "replacing よう with みたい",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "Despite their meanings being similar, there is distinction that lies in their\nusage. みたい is used in speech in which has a casual tone while よう is used less\noften like in writing (like letters).\n\nI have included some videos for reference:\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=An6sKwhUH48>\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uHIaZD23-U>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T02:54:10.657",
"id": "83785",
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| 83772 | null | 83785 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83775",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 友達が教えてくれた **の** と同じようにカレーライスを作ったら、とても美味しく出来た。\n\nThe sentence appears in my Japanese textbook. To me, it sounds natural to join\nくれた with と同じ directly, but I don't know if it's also correct:\n\n> 友達が教えてくれたと同じように…\n\nWhat is the function of this の here, and is it absolutely necessary?\n\nよろしくお願いします",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T21:44:04.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83774",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T01:23:06.283",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-21T01:23:06.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "32952",
"owner_user_id": "32952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Is の absolutely necessary in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 202
} | [
{
"body": "Yes it's absolutely necessary. 同じ is a [special\nadjective](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/30574/5010) and thus cannot be\n\"joined\" using と. This と is a \"comparison target marker\" explained in the\nfollowing questoins:\n\n * [How is と used in these sentences?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/57038/5010) (See the last half of Chocolate's answer)\n * [What about this combination of と and や](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52559/5010)\n\nTherefore, the nominalization using の is mandatory. It is also possible to\ninterpret this の as a pronoun meaning \"the one\". That is, 友達が教えてくれたのと同じように can\nbe translated either as \"like my friend taught\" and \"like the one my friend\ntaught\".",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T22:04:15.373",
"id": "83775",
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"score": 4
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| 83774 | 83775 | 83775 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83777",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can someone explain to me what 已然形 is? I've seen it brought up being related\nthe hypothetical form like 已然形+ ば but I just can't figure out what it was for.\nI know its related to classical Japanese but I like to know about these things\nand Japanese is the first language I've studied so I'm a bit lacking in\ngrammatical knowledge in general. Thank you in advance for anyone who answers",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T22:48:18.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83776",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-20T23:48:50.860",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-20T23:26:27.550",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "30716",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "What is 已然形? I know its classic Japanese but that's as far as I got",
"view_count": 286
} | [
{
"body": "已然形【いぜんけい】 is commonly translated as **realis form** , as opposed to 未然形\n(irrealis form). The literal meaning of 已然 is \"already so\" or \"already\nhappened\". This is a term used only in the context of 古語 (archaic Japanese) or\n文語 (classical Japanese).\n\nIt's the direct ancestor of 仮定形 (hypothetical form) in modern Japanese (also\nknown as 口語, \"colloquial\" Japanese). 已然形 and 仮定形 conjugate very similarly, and\nJapanese Wikipedia actually explains them in [the same\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E7%84%B6%E5%BD%A2). So you\ncan think they are just two names of the same conjugation form used in\ndifferent contexts. According to Wikipedia, historically, the name 已然 was\ncoined first. The name 仮定形 came much later to explain the 口語 version of the\nJapanese language, which is now called \"modern standard Japanese\" (see\n[言文一致](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genbun_itchi)).\n\nThere is a practical reason to call this form differently depending on whether\nyou are talking about 文語 or 口語; in 文語, this form **did not have the\nhypothetical meaning** in the first place (well, basically). For example, in\n口語, 書けば of course means \"if [someone] writes\". However, in 文語, 書けば basically\nmeant \"because [someone] writes\"! This is one of the trickiest points of\nclassical Japanese when native speakers learn it at high school. See: [using\n未然形 and 已然形 with conditional\nば](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/80193/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T23:26:12.213",
"id": "83777",
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| 83776 | 83777 | 83777 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Examples:\n\n> A: 毎日、学校で桜の木を見る。（新字体） \n> B: 毎日、學校で櫻の木を見る。（旧字体）\n\n> A: この国の歴史を研究しています。（新字体） \n> B: この國の歷史を硏究しています。（旧字体）\n\n> A: 私はワニがすきです。（カタカナ） \n> B: 私は鰐が好きです。（表外漢字）\n\n> A: 私の好きな魚はハタハタとスズキです。（カタカナ） \n> B: 私の好きな魚は鰰と鱸です。（表外漢字）\n\n> A: このページを見てください。（一つの漢字） \n> B: 此の頁を見て下さい。（四つの漢字）\n\nWhat is the general perception of writing in the way the B examples are over\nthe A examples? Is it considered a good thing or a bad thing to most people?\n\nI also asked this question on HiNative, with the original question here:\n<https://hinative.com/en-US/questions/18102270>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-20T23:58:22.000",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83778",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T23:08:25.137",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-21T05:51:29.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "41632",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography",
"kanji-choice",
"kana-usage",
"jōyō-kanji"
],
"title": "How is writing with 旧字体 over 新字体, using lots of 表外漢字 and using 漢字 in place of かな in a word that is almost always written with かな perceived?",
"view_count": 205
} | [
{
"body": "Some 表外漢字 like 狼 and 嘘 are perfectly safe in ordinary writing. Some are simply\ntoo difficult. It largely depends on the character. Personally I can read 鰐\nbut not 鰰/鱸. See also [Why are the names of plants and animals often written\nin katakana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20840/5010)\n\n旧字体 was the standard way of writing in the past, so it's natural if the text\nis related to periods before WWII. It still remains in some proper nouns. For\nexample 櫻井 is not a rare family name. Otherwise, it's hard to describe the\n_general_ perception, but it would be... \"simply nonstandard\" or \"something\nweird is happening\".\n\n * Is this text a simulation or an excerpt of a prewar document?\n * Is this person practicing 旧字体? Is this person trying to show off his knowledge of kanji?\n * Maybe this person does not know how to write standard Japanese? Maybe is he/she from Taiwan?\n * Maybe this person does not have very good eyesight, so he/she did not notice his IME accidentally converted hiragana into 旧字体?\n\nAs for 此の頁を見て下さい, I would probably think this was written by a very old person\nor a novelist who has a unique taste.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T20:40:23.740",
"id": "83808",
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"score": 6
}
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| 83778 | null | 83808 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83780",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sentence:\n\n 1. もぐらさんのまちは あっちっち。なぜか しゃわーがとまってる ぬーぼー たすけて。\n\n 2. あっちっち！このお風呂、熱くて入れないよ。\n\nContext: <https://youtu.be/6wAq1BfC_P0?t=772> ;\n<https://tatoeba.org/eng/sentences/show/234336>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T00:06:05.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83779",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T01:24:56.897",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-21T01:11:58.747",
"last_editor_user_id": "40663",
"owner_user_id": "40663",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is meaning of the word \"あっちっち\"?",
"view_count": 228
} | [
{
"body": "I think given what you've included in the question it's safe to say in both\ncases 「あっちっち」 is an informal and colloquialized form of 「あつい」, rendered with\nkanji either as「暑い{あつい}」or「熱い{あつい}」depending on the context. The reason I\nasked you to tell us where you saw those sentences is because more context\nhelps determine which word(s) is(are) used in the sentences.\n\nIn sentence 1「あっちっち」comes from 「暑い{あつい}」indicating hot temperature. The mole\n(もぐら) is trying to take a shower to cool down but the shower doesn't work.\nThat's why it says \"たすけて\"/\"Help!\"\n\nIn sentence 2 it is「熱い{あつい}」, meaning something is hot. The bathwater is too\nhot to enter.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-21T01:19:55.240",
"id": "83780",
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| 83779 | 83780 | 83780 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "\"両方…だ\" , \"両方…やるぞ\"\n\nThe speaker pauses before the words of affirmation,would you say it's because\nhe doesn't really want to do \"both\" ?\n\n( context: the speaker is at a deadend and has to make an uncomfortable\nchoice)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T02:37:10.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83783",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T20:02:33.773",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-21T03:17:22.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "40659",
"owner_user_id": "40659",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Three dots in the middle (...)",
"view_count": 286
} | [
{
"body": "These dots do represent a pause, but you cannot tell why they're there without\nthe full understanding of the context. What kind of character is he? Often the\nreason can be simply \"he is a person who speaks slowly.\" Assuming he usually\nspeaks normal Japanese and the context you provided is correct, \"he hesitated\nwhile saying this\" is a plausible reason.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-21T20:02:33.773",
"id": "83807",
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| 83783 | null | 83807 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83789",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence today (from\n[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puZj7spIvFE&t=213s](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puZj7spIvFE&t=213s),\ntime: 3:25)\n\nコーヒーが好きで始めた仕事ではなく、お客様と接する仕事ということ\n\nI didn't get into the coffee business for coffee, I just wanted to connect\nwith customers\n\nWhy would you use で after コーヒーが好き, if the following verb is 始める, which is\nvolitional (you start something)?\n\nOr is my understanding of で in this sentence incorrect?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T06:44:20.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83788",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T07:38:32.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32713",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "て・で and use of verbs that involve volition",
"view_count": 399
} | [
{
"body": "This で is [for denoting a reason](https://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/te-\nform-cause-reason.html) and interchangeable with だから.\n\n> コーヒーが好き **で** 始めた仕事ではなく、... \n> = コーヒーが好きだから始めた仕事ではなく、...\n>\n> This is not a business I started **because** I liked coffee, but...\n\n始めた is just an action, and does not contain any volition/intention by itself.\nYou can safely use it as the \"second\" sentence after て/で for reason.\n始めましょう/始めよう/始めてください/始めろ does contain volition/intention. So コーヒーが好きでカフェを始めよう\nis ungrammatical, but saying コーヒーが好きでカフェを始めました is perfectly fine.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-21T07:04:03.053",
"id": "83789",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 83788 | 83789 | 83789 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83792",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My textbook states that sometimes, both この and その can be used to refer to the\nprevious sentence.\n\nSome examples:\n\n> 先週木村さんという人に会った。{この、その}人は大学の先生だ。\n>\n> 私は子供の頃、よく近くの広場で遊んだ。しかし、{この、その}場所はもうない。\n>\n> アメリカで新しい薬が開発された。{これ、それ}はガンにきくそうだ。\n\nIs there a meaning difference between the two?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T07:55:54.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83791",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T08:14:26.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "この vs その when referring to the previous sentence?",
"view_count": 351
} | [
{
"body": "There are also 「その」and「どの」 and together they make up what's known as 「こそあど言葉」.\nBut since those two are outside the scope of the question, let's just look at\n「この」「これ」「ここ」「その」「それ」「そこ」.\n\nこの/これ/ここ：You use this when you have physical or emotional closeness to the\nthing or person at issue, and it also indicates you are closer to that\nthing/person than the other party in the conversation.\n\nその/それ/そこ：You don't have that kind of attachment or affinity with the thing\nunder discussion. The topic is closer to the listener.\n\n> 先週木村さんという人に会った。その人は大学の先生だ。\n\nI don't see a reason to choose 「この」in this sentence. You don't feel close to\nsomeone whom you just met and whom you have to refer to as \"a person called\n木村さん\".\n\n> 私は子供の頃、よく近くの広場で遊んだ。しかし、その場所はもうない。\n\nIt's gone. You can't point to it and say \"this place\". Time separates you from\nthat place in your memory.\n\n> アメリカで新しい薬が開発された。それはガンにきくそうだ。\n\nYou have either heard this from people or read this somewhere. You don't have\nany closeness to what's talked about. This sentence suggests the speaker isn't\nin アメリカ where the new medicine has been developed.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T08:14:26.880",
"id": "83792",
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}
]
| 83791 | 83792 | 83792 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83794",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 日曜日ぐらいは家族とともに過ごしたい。\n\nI have looked it up 2 dictionaries and a number of JLPT grammar exercise books\nbut have not figured out what usage of ぐらい this is. Could somebody help and\nexplain please?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T08:25:12.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83793",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T14:47:30.720",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-くらい"
],
"title": "What does 日曜日ぐらい mean in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 119
} | [
{
"body": "Wiktionary\n[says](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89%E3%81%84#Adverb) that\nthere exists a meaning of \"at least\", and their example seems to match yours:\n\n> 今回{こんかい}くらいは頑張{がんば}ろうかな。- Maybe I should put in the effort at least once\n> (this time).\n\nSee @naruto's comment - 日曜日ぐらい here would be \"at least on Sundays\".\n\nAnd this is the translations that [deepl\ngives](https://www.deepl.com/translator#ja/en/%E6%97%A5%E6%9B%9C%E6%97%A5%E3%81%90%E3%82%89%E3%81%84%E3%81%AF%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%AB%E9%81%8E%E3%81%94%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%84%E3%80%82)\nfor what it's worth - \"I want to spend at least one Sunday with my family.\"\nalthough it's not clear where the \"one\" comes from.\n\nDisclaimer: I don't suggest using DeepL (google translate even less so for\nJapanese) as a reference but it can be used to get a general direction.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T09:10:47.733",
"id": "83794",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 83793 | 83794 | 83794 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I want to say a phrase “I have learnt a lot of words by heart”. Is it correct\nto say: 単語をたくさん習いました。 I mean is it the way native speaker would say it?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T09:57:45.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83795",
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"owner_user_id": "17385",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence"
],
"title": "Is the sentence correct?",
"view_count": 55
} | []
| 83795 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83809",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> この施設の出入口は、天宮市の一角に建った雑居ビルの中にあるため、比較的気軽に外に出ることが可能なのである。\n>\n> まあ、無論一般市民に<ラタトスク>のことを知られるわけにはいかないため、そのビルの中には適当な会社が入っている **ことになっている**\n> し、中津川たちも今は<ラタトスク>の制服ではなく、会社員然としたビジネススーツの上にコートを羽織り、ついでに首から社員証を下げていた。この姿を見て彼らを秘匿組織の一員だと思う者はまずいないだろう。\n\nContext: <ラタトスク> is a 秘匿組織.\n\nQuestion: How should I understand the bold ことになっている? My grammar book says it\nrefers to some rule, law or discipline, etc. But this 「ことになっている」doesn’t mean\nthat in the context.\n\nOr does it just mean “a decision was made some time ago”, as explained in this\nthread?\n\n> 「ことになっています」 means that the decision/plan/rule was made some time (or a long\n> time) ago. The news is no longer new to the speaker and s/he is more \"ready\"\n> for the event.\n\n[https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57863/ことになった-vs-\nことになっている](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57863/%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F-vs-%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T13:50:23.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83796",
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"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Understanding ことになっている",
"view_count": 204
} | [
{
"body": "ことにする has several meanings, one of which is \"to pretend\". Likewise, ことになっている\ncan sometimes mean \"it is supposed that ～ (although that's not true)\",\n\"(externally) it is believed that ～\".\n\n * 見なかったことにしよう。 \nLet's pretend we didn't see it.\n\n * 彼はここに来なかったことにしておけ。 \nPretend he never came here.\n\n * 私は10年前に死んだことになっている。 \nI'm supposed to have died 10 years ago. \n(This tends to be used when someone intentionally set up his pretended death.\nCompare 私は10年前に死んだと思われている, which implies nothing about the cause.)\n\n * そのビルの中には適当な会社が入っていることになっている。 \nThe building is supposed to have some random companies in it. \n(This clearly means the true nature of the building is disguised.)\n\nHere's 明鏡国語辞典's definition regarding ことにする.\n\n> ① ある動作・行為が自分の意志で決めたものである意を表す。…こととする。「旅行は一人で行く━・した」 \n> ②《「…た━」の形で》 **事実に反して（都合よく）、そのように決める（みなす）意を表す。「このことは見なかった━」** \n> ③《「━・している」の形で》意志的な行為が自然に習慣化したものである意を表す。「家では仕事の話はしない━・している」",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T21:07:05.787",
"id": "83809",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T21:36:08.067",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "83796",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 83796 | 83809 | 83809 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83803",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From the anime ノーゲーム・ノーライフ\n\nContext: internet rumors and urban legends are being discussed\n\n> あまたの都市伝説の1つ **に** こんな話があるのを聞いたことはあるだろうか\n\nMy interpretation:\n\n> あまたの都市伝説の1つ = \"one of many urban legends\"\n>\n> こんな話があるのを聞いたことはあるだろうか = \"Have you heard of this rumor?\"\n\nThat's nice and all, but I just can't understand what に is supposed to mean in\nthis sentence.\n\nI did read [Q: 君に話しがある How does this work?\n](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14603/%E5%90%9B%E3%81%AB%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%97%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B-how-\ndoes-this-work), which didn't really help me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T13:53:39.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83797",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T17:37:42.460",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-21T15:16:25.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"anime"
],
"title": "～に～ある , unusual usage of に？",
"view_count": 154
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's like として.\n\n大辞泉 def. 一９:\n\n> 資格を表す。…として。「委員―君を推す」\n\nJisho def. 6:\n\n> as (i.e. in the role of)See also として\n\nTry breaking up the sentence this way: [あまたの都市伝説の1つにこんな話がある] のを聞いたことはあるだろうか.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T17:37:42.460",
"id": "83803",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T17:37:42.460",
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"owner_user_id": "902",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 83797 | 83803 | 83803 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "「しかし、そうはいっても少し寂しくはありますな。やはり男たる者、空飛ぶ機動戦艦で任務をこなすという矜恃に勝るものはない **わけで**\n！<フラクシナス>には一刻も早く戦線復帰してもらいたいものでござりますな！」\n\nI have simple question. I know the わけで is used to explain some reason. But why\nnot use わけだ? Why is the sentence end with わけで? What is this grammar\nphenomenon?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T14:00:19.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83798",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T22:01:26.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use わけで at the end of a sentence",
"view_count": 129
} | []
| 83798 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> もし俺がここで諦めたら、一生会えない気がする\n\nIf I give up here, I don't think I'll never see him again.\n\nIf I give up here, I feel that I'll never ever ( in my whole life ) see him\nagain.\n\nMy question is simple, what would be the best \"translation\" or interpretation\nto this sentence ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T15:16:14.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83800",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T17:14:27.450",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-21T17:14:27.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "39088",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Phrase Interpretation 一生会えない気がする。。。",
"view_count": 69
} | []
| 83800 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83806",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Full text:\nこの結果、連結売上高168億46百万円、連結営業利益24億5百万円、連結経常利益23億41百万円、連結当期純利益12億45百万円となりました.\n\nMy issue: How do we translate the numbers in English numerals? Will it be\n1,245 million yen or 12.45 billion yen.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T19:36:40.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83805",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T22:31:12.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "億? How to translate in numbers?",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "> 12億45百万円 = 12 x 100,000,000 + 45 x 1,000,000 = 1,245,000,000 = 1245 million\n> yen = 1.245 billion yen\n\nFor the Europeans amongst you ',' is a separator and '.' is a decimal point in\nthe above.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T19:58:33.733",
"id": "83806",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-21T22:31:12.240",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "83805",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 83805 | 83806 | 83806 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "そして、 いま時代は大きく動きだそうとしていた\n\nAnd now the time was about to/was going to change dramatically.\n\nIt's from Naruto. Kakashi is explaining how the Naruto universe works.\n\nI'm not sure what として does here. Is it the particle と marking \"a manner of\ndoing something\" + する. If so, what does する mean here? or is it として as in \"as?\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-21T22:14:10.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83810",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-22T13:40:43.367",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-22T13:40:43.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "36278",
"owner_user_id": "36278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "そうとして structure meaning",
"view_count": 158
} | []
| 83810 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83814",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sentence:\n\n> そら おとり こんな はしたがねで よければな。\n\nMain problem that this two words written separately, and the verb \"おとり\" or\n\"とり\". I'm sure this is not slang\n\nContext: <https://youtu.be/b0s-RxmP73g?t=1388>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T01:08:41.770",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83811",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-22T03:31:43.230",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-22T01:10:27.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "40663",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is meaning of word \"そらおとり\"",
"view_count": 126
} | [
{
"body": "> おとり。\n\nIt's a mild command form of the verb [取]{と}る. It means (お)取りなさい, \"(Please)\ntake it.\"\n\n「お+連用形。」 form as a mild command sounds pretty old-fashioned. It's informal,\nand used by 目上の人 (eg mother, teacher) towards 目下の人. Some phrases are still in\nuse in our daily conversation. eg:\n\n> 「お[帰]{かえ}り。」≂ お帰りなさい。 as a greeting \n> 「お[休]{やす}み。」≂ お休みなさい。 as a greeting \n> 「お[食]{た}べ。」\"Eat it.\" \n> 「お[上]{あ}がり。」\"Please eat.\" / \"Come in (家に).\" \n> 「お[入]{はい}り。」 \n> 「お[黙]{だま}り。」\"Shut up.\" \n> 「お[座]{すわ}り。」\"Sit.\" \n> 「おいで。」\"Come here.\" (from お+[出]{い}で)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T02:41:34.400",
"id": "83814",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-22T03:31:43.230",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "83811",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 83811 | 83814 | 83814 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that おやすみなさい。良い夢を❣️ means \"goodnight. sweet dreams!\"\n\nI also know that 良い夢を is not something regularly used in Japanese. Right? Is\nthis a normal thing for a Japanese man to write to a female friend? Or does it\nsound more intimate?\n\nHow would you respond?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T01:33:25.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83812",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-22T21:52:03.417",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-22T21:52:03.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "41649",
"owner_user_id": "41649",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"expressions"
],
"title": "When to use 良い夢を",
"view_count": 194
} | [
{
"body": "This is loan-expression of \"Have a nice dream\" from English, I suppose. So as\nlong as you are not Japanese, your new friend won't feel strange, but if a\nJapanese man say that, it would sound slightly affected or it would seem that\nhe tried to look cool.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T13:39:28.630",
"id": "83824",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-22T13:39:28.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "83812",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 83812 | null | 83824 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83842",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「なんで この時は、食べてになるのに、待ってになるんですか? 」みたいな、\n\nWhat does verb in て form + になる mean here?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T04:21:33.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83815",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-23T05:21:00.190",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-23T05:21:00.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "39755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Could explain to me the grammar of this sentence? ～てになる",
"view_count": 197
} | [
{
"body": "Given your context, the speaker is mentioning specific word forms 食べて and 待って,\nand they have no grammatical connection with other parts of the sentence. To\nbe a little reader-friendlier:\n\n> 「なんでこの時は、『食べて』になるのに、『待って』になるんですか？」 \n> _\" Why does it become 'matte' while 'tabete' in this case?\"_\n\nBut few native speakers would be confused by this kind of insertion of a\ncouple raw words without explicit indication.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T03:53:13.707",
"id": "83842",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-23T04:09:04.413",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-23T04:09:04.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "83815",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 83815 | 83842 | 83842 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83843",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "(.) Both Japanese and English can construct sentences such that the main verb\nis either active or passive. There are two words for \"passive voice\" in\nJapanese 受身形 and 受動態.\n\nI know that 受身形 means \" _passive voice as is constructed using Japanese\ngrammar_ \" such as: \n**私の車が田中さんに盗まれた。**\n\nSo, I am guessing that 受動態 means \" _passive voice as is constructed using\nEnglish grammar_ \" such as: \n**My car was stolen by Mr. Tanaka.**\n\nHow are 受身形 and 受動態 used differently?\n\n(.) I know that 能動態 is the antonym of 受動態, and so what is the antonym of 受身形？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T05:14:46.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83816",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-22T08:09:55.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "38738",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"definitions",
"terminology"
],
"title": "comparison of 受身形 and 受動態 both meaning \"passive voice\"?",
"view_count": 186
} | [
{
"body": "They are almost the same, but 受身形【うけみけい】 is preferred by ordinary language\nleaners, whereas 受動態【じゅどうたい】 is preferred by linguists. Perhaps it's analogous\nto the difference between \"passive form\" and \"passive voice\" in English.\n車が盗まれた and _My car was stolen_ are both a 受動態の文 and a 受身形の文. Maybe someone\nthought the character 態 (voice) was too difficult for beginners.\n\nWe also say 受動形【じゅどうけい】. The antonym of 受動形/受身形 is 能動形【のうどうけい】.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T04:05:07.687",
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| 83816 | 83843 | 83843 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The sentence is\n\n> ああ、この女の様は溺れているようだ。\n\nI'm assuming it is さま and not よう in this case, but why is it there?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T08:01:16.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83819",
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"owner_user_id": "41655",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is this use of 様 in this sentence?",
"view_count": 70
} | []
| 83819 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence and after a long while searching I still have no\nidea what it means. I'm probably just an idiot but I am clueless here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T11:03:52.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83820",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "41657",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does this mean? \"お前イッてんのか?\"",
"view_count": 170
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, \"イッてる\" is an adjective(or present continuous) form of \"イク\",\nwhich is basically \"行く\"(iku) -- to go -- but written in カタカナ(katakana). When\nsuch non-foreign words are written in カタカナ, usually it is a slang or its\nmeaning is slightly changed.\n\nTherefore, the sentence means \"Are you gone?\" but in this context, the meaning\nwould be \"Are you crazy?\" or \"Are you loopy?\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T12:10:51.460",
"id": "83821",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 83820 | null | 83821 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking at a study and it's comparing these two: 現状（２６年度）and 調査結果（３０年度）.\n\nSo it's comparing the \"present condition\" and the \"research results\" but what\ndoes the XX年度 mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T16:20:53.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83827",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-22T19:26:24.613",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-22T19:26:24.613",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-usage",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "What's 年度? (Comparing research results)",
"view_count": 91
} | [
{
"body": "年度 is the financial year (or maybe academic year if it's a research paper), so\n2020年度 would the the financial year of 2020. So why do the numbers look weird?\nI think in your example the year is measured in eras so ３０年度 would be the 30th\nyear of the 平成 (Heisei) era. This ended with 平成31 in 2019.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T16:38:48.623",
"id": "83828",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-22T16:38:48.623",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 83827 | null | 83828 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": ">\n> この変わり身の速さと無節操っぷりは毎年のことであったが、改めて考えると興味深い現象のかもしれない。何しろ、つい先日まで諸人こぞりてきよしこの夜していた人々が、今やもういくつ寝るお正月状態なのである。お祭りごととなれば宗教国籍関係ない日本人ではあるけれど、ここまで大きなイベントが約一週間しか間を置かず連続するというのも、\n> **なかなかに** 慌ただしい話ではあった。師も走らねばならないはずである。\n\nI have simple question. Since なかなか is already an adverb, why is there a に\nadded to なかなか? Is there any difference between なかなかに and なかなか?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T17:15:20.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83829",
"last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T18:02:15.293",
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"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between なかなかに and なかなか",
"view_count": 159
} | [
{
"body": "Although I'm sure they're related, both goo.ne and スーパー大辞林 treat\n[なかなかに](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AB/#:%7E:text=%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8B%E2%80%90%E3%81%AB%E3%80%90%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AB%E3%80%91&text=%EF%BC%91%20%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E5%8D%8A%E7%AB%AF%E3%81%AB%E3%80%82,%E3%81%AA%E3%81%BE%E3%81%98%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8B%E3%80%82&text=%EF%BC%92%20%E3%81%8B%E3%81%88%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%80%82,%E3%82%80%E3%81%97%E3%82%8D%E3%80%82)\nand [なかなか](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%AD/#jn-163231) as\ndifferent words. Here is the definition of なかなかに pasted for convenience:\n\n> １ 中途半端に。なまじっか。 \n> 「―君に恋ひずは比良の浦の海人 (あま) ならましを玉藻刈りつつ」〈万・二七四三〉 \n> **２ かえって。むしろ** 。 \n> 「―死なば安けむ君が目を見ず久ならばすべなかるべし」〈万・三九三四〉\n\nWhile なかなかに only has two definitions as a 副詞(adverb), なかなか has 3 definitions\nas a 形容動詞(na-adj) and 3 more as a 副詞(adverb).\n\nIn your sentence, it seems like なかなかに is being used as its second definition,\nmeaning something along the lines of \"rather\", \"actually\" or \"contrary to\nexpectations\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T19:08:32.083",
"id": "83830",
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]
| 83829 | null | 83830 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83832",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As far as I understood, the nominalization is made with the neutral form of\nthe verb followed by の or こと, as in the example\n\n> 私は読むことが好きです。I like to read.\n\nThough, I found this example where the verb is conjugated.\n\n> この本は、読んだことがありますか ? Have you ever read this book?\n\nHow is that possible?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T19:49:47.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83831",
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"owner_user_id": "41663",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"nominalization",
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "Nominalization and conjugated form",
"view_count": 99
} | [
{
"body": "> この本は、読んだことがありますか ?\n\nYou're right that that is how nominalisation works. Whether you would call it\nnominalisation in this example is, I think, debatable.\n\n...ことがある is a set phrase which means \"there are times when...\" / \"there is a\ntime when\". So when you convert it to the question form you get \"are there\ntimes when... \" / \"is there a time when ... \" which more naturally becomes\n\"have you ever ...\".\n\nI say it's a set phrase but you can analyse it quite simply. こと is a word with\nmany meanings. If we pick 'occasion' as the translation in this case then we\nget the relative clause 読んだこと meaning \"occasion when you read\". I'm sure you\nalready know that Xがありますか means \"is there X\", so you can quie naturally\nunderstand the whole sentence as \"is there in occasion when you read this\nbook\", i.e. \"have you ever read this book\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T20:06:41.827",
"id": "83832",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-22T20:06:41.827",
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},
{
"body": "> **こと** is basically a lexical noun ‘thing/fact’, which is also used as a\n> nominalizer. Like **の** , it is preceded and followed by the forms that\n> precede and follow nouns.\n\n> In Japanese, no distinction can be made between noun modification and\n> relative clauses\n\nJapanese. A Comprehensive Grammar [2nd ed.]-Routledge (2013)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T20:09:12.350",
"id": "83833",
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}
]
| 83831 | 83832 | 83832 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83844",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I couldn't find any good tutorials online that can guide me on how to set up a\nJapanese kana keyboard with Google IME. Most of the tutorials I found focused\non setting up a romaji keyboard. But I want to learn how to type in kana.\n\nFor your reference, this is my keyboard\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ReYCi.jpg)\n\nI'm not sure where to place the last two stickers. Can anyone help me with\nthis thing?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T20:57:20.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83834",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-23T04:40:50.920",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "41067",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"input-method"
],
"title": "How to set up Japanese keyboard with Google IME?",
"view_count": 211
} | [
{
"body": "I solved it. This answer will serve as a future reference for anyone\nexperiencing the same thing. If you are struggling to configure your kana\nkeyboard mapping and Google IME's kana input mode doesn't work for you. [This\nimage](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wPzcp.jpg) shows the kana keyboard layout\nGoogle IME uses. Also, this\n[link](https://www.atmarkit.co.jp/ait/articles/1707/21/news021.html) might be\nhelpful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T04:40:50.920",
"id": "83844",
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}
]
| 83834 | 83844 | 83844 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83837",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading the _To the Little Ones_ story\n([『小さき者へ』](http://www.suguru.jp/learn/chiisaki.htm)).\n\nI wonder what does the writer mean in this sentence\n\n> 電燈の消えた薄暗い中で、白いものに 包まれたお前たちの母上は、夢心地に呻き苦しんだ。\n\n\"呻き苦しんだ\" has a negative meaning, right? and he puts before it \"夢心地に\" which has\na positive meaning so what does he mean? I don't get it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-22T22:24:16.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83836",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-11T21:20:14.040",
"last_edit_date": "2021-02-11T21:20:14.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41507",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"literature"
],
"title": "What does 「夢心地に呻き苦しんだ」mean?",
"view_count": 100
} | [
{
"body": "The meaning of that sentence goes something like this:\n\n> Lights out, your mother, wrapped in something white and in a trance, let out\n> moans of pain in the dimness.\n\n「夢心地」is thus defined in [goo\n辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%A4%A2%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%B0/):\n\n> 夢のようなうっとりとした気持ち。ぼんやりとした心持ち。夢見心地。\n\nI'd say it denotes a dreamy state that's not necessarily always \"ecstatic\",\nalthough \"ecstasy\" is listed among its meanings in [some bilingual\ndictionaries](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%A4%A2%E5%BF%83%E5%9C%B0).\n\n「呻き苦しんだ」comes from the 連用形 of「呻く」(moan, groan) +「苦しむ」(suffer, groan), forming\na compound word that I believe is not very commonly seen these days. This\nphrase you are having issues with just means the mother groaned in a state of\nhalf-consciousness or unconsciousness.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T00:04:20.727",
"id": "83837",
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| 83836 | 83837 | 83837 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83845",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen examples of both quite often, even for the same exact sentence,\nexamples: おなべの中からボワっと／おなべの中からボワッと。 This is a lyric from おどるポンポコリン（Odoru\nPonpokorin)、A song for ちびまる子ちゃん（Chibi Maruko Chan) In most cases, the lyrics\nare written with the first example, but I've also seen it as the second as\nwell, which is more common for other words, because in other songs (also for\nちびまる子ちゃん）、The lyrics were written like this: グッとグッとグッとグッと水飲む So which is more\ncommon？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T01:48:19.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83838",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-23T09:43:38.517",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "41666",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"orthography",
"adverbs",
"kana",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "After a Katakana word then \"tto\" are both Hiragana or Katakana acceptable for the Sokuon?",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "There is no prescriptive rule that covers where to end the katakana section\nwhen you write mimetic words, interjections and slang words in katakana\n(because they are colloquialisms anyway), so we don't have the \"right\" answer.\nIt mostly depends on personal interpretation: that whether you want katakana-\nify the concept or the word when you do, and where is the morphological\nboundary in such set phrases. Multiple variations are often seen in ending -っ\nand adj. -い as you suggested.\n\n * ヤバイ人間 / ヤバい人間\n * アレッ？ / アレっ？\n * ヒドッ！ / ヒドっ！\n * [ポチッとなボタン](https://kakakumag.com/hobby/?id=7289) / [ポチっと発明](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%81%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A8%E7%99%BA%E6%98%8E_%E3%83%94%E3%82%AB%E3%81%A1%E3%82%93%E3%82%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%88)\n\nAs for っ-ending mimetic words, you can see a weak tendency that the more\nsyllables before っ the less likely っ is in katakana. Especially it seems っ is\nalways in katakana when the word has only one syllable, such as グッと or カッと.\nBut it also takes specific prosodic constructions into account.\n\n * ガチャガチャっと > ガチャガチャッと\n * ガチャッガチャッと > ガチャッガチャっと\n * [ガスで **パッと** 明るく **チョっと** いい未来](https://www.tokyo-gas.co.jp/IR/event/pdf/indv/indiv-rep110313.pdf) (←!?) [Tokyo Gas's current slogan]",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-23T05:23:32.260",
"id": "83845",
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}
]
| 83838 | 83845 | 83845 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83841",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「どうやらここで間違いなかったようですねえ。」。\n\nFor どうやら, my dictionary says to see 何とか and it means \"something\" or \"barely\",\n\"hardly\". Someone says it means \"apparently\", \"somehow\", like なんとなく, I think.\nMaybe it's mistyped and I should see なんとなく. I don't know.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T03:19:17.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83840",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-26T02:10:05.313",
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"last_editor_user_id": "41400",
"owner_user_id": "41400",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between どうやら and 何とか?",
"view_count": 524
} | [
{
"body": "In modern Japanese, どうやら means \"apparently\", \"seemingly\", \"it looks like ～\" in\nnearly all cases. It's typically used with ～ようだ, ～みたいだ or ～らしい. If you are new\nto this word, you have to master this meaning first. どうやら in your example is\nused in this sense, too. Of course なんとか does not have this meaning, so どうやら\nand なんとか are almost never interchangeable.\n\nHowever, どうやら occasionally means \"after a long time, although still not\nperfectly\", \"to barely manage to ～\" or \"to somehow manage to ～\", as in the\nfollowing examples:\n\n * どうやら完成までこぎつけた (from デジタル大辞泉)\n * どうやらこれで水漏れが止まりそうだ (from 明鏡国語辞典)\n * どうやら日本の生活になれてきた (from [JLPT先生](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%82%84%E3%82%89-dou-yara-meaning/))\n\nIn this case, the meaning of どうやら does overlap that of どうにか and なんとか. But most\npeople use どうにか/なんとか today for this meaning, so maybe you can choose to learn\nthis meaning of どうやら later. FWIW, I personally never use どうやら in this sense.\n\nなんとなく means \"somehow\", \"kinda\" as in \"I somehow feel\". It's a much weaker\nexpression than どうやら.\n\n * なんとなく彼が勝ちそうです。 \n(I don't know why but) I somehow feel he will win.\n\n * どうやら彼が勝ちそうです。 \nApparently, he will win.\n\n * どうやら彼は勝った。 \nApparently, he won. \n(Rarely: He somehow managed to win.)\n\n * なんとか彼は勝った。 \nどうにか彼は勝った。 \nHe somehow managed to win.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-23T03:32:35.850",
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"score": 6
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| 83840 | 83841 | 83841 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "So I'm trying to understand Genki's preferred past negative form of です, that\nis: じゃなかったです. I'm confused by the なかった.\n\nAs I understand it from [this\nsource](https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2019/11/jodoushi.html), this is a\ncombination of two 助動詞: the 連用形 form of ない continued with た. However,\n[wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84#Japanese) lists\nthe 連用形 form of ない as なく.\n\nなくた sounds a lot like なかった, so it seems reasonable to assume this is a vowel\nshift to avoid the awkward transition between U to T in KUTA, but, since I'm a\nbeginner, I wanted to make sure - are there other grammatical processes in\nplace that I've missed?\n\nWhich leads me to the following overall theory:\n\nThere are five \"lexemes\" in play here\n\n * じゃ -> DEWA relating the verb phrase to the rest of the sentence\n * なか -> NAI informing of negation\n * った -> TE informing of past\n * です -> DE relating the 助動詞 to ARIMASU -> informing of \"existence\"\n\nthese are combined with somewhat irregular conjugation process which involves\nshifting verb roots and auxillary verbs into one of a few base forms and then\ncombining them. I assume the grammar of this process is more descriptive than\nprescriptive, and the speaker typically memorizes a list of common\nconjugations and common exceptions, rarely applying the rules to create new\nverb constructs. Or is there a formal grammar to this process described\nsomewhere?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T06:24:04.820",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Where does the か in なかった come from?",
"view_count": 56
} | []
| 83846 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I ask this out of pure curiosity, but would there be any situation where you\ncould reasonably say something along the lines of, \"はい、今はそれをググります。\"\n\nWhat I've seen/thought of Katakana+る words has been that they are typically\nvery informal, but I realized that I have not actually seen anyone say it is\nstrictly informal speech. What I would say is probably that \"グーグルをします\" is what\nshould be said, and \"ググります\" would be quite strange, but I wanted to ask here\nand see if anyone else might have a different/more in-depth answer.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-23T07:43:26.117",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"verbs",
"politeness",
"katakana"
],
"title": "Is there a situation where 造語 such as \"ググる\" could be used with the \"ます\" ending?",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "Unsurprisingly, this depends on both the word itself and how formal you have\nto be. You cannot tell the register of a word accurately just by looking at\nits etymology. In the case of ググる, this verb is not something you would see in\ntraditional newspapers or very formal business letters, but you can hear ググります\nin everyday business conversations using です/ます. Quite a few verbs derived from\nloanwords are now common and safe in moderately formal business conversations\n(メモる, コピる, サボる, ...).\n\nBy the way, グーグルをする is incorrect for the same reason why \"to do Google\" is\nincorrect. When you want to avoid ググる in very formal speech, you have to say\nグーグルで検索する or グーグルを使用する.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-23T08:11:27.237",
"id": "83848",
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"score": 4
}
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| 83847 | null | 83848 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83859",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On a parcel that came from Japan, there is this sentence:\n\n> お客様のご注文の品が梱入されております。\n\nThe meaning is clear: “There are customer’s goods in the package.”\n\nWhat puzzles me though is, why I could’t find the word 梱入•する in any\ndictionary. I mean, スーパー大辞林, weblio, JMdict… none of those lists this word.\n(My bulky paper dictionary of Kanji doesn’t even contain 梱.) I am asking\nbecause there may be a reason for that. Like, is 〜入(れ)•する some kind of a\nproductive suffix forming words with a meaning of „contained in ~“?\n\nWhat’s the reading then? Is it こんにゅう, or possibly こりにゅう, こりいれ? The last one is\nwhat Yomikatawa says and it would mean irregular okurigana, but that’s not\nthat uncommon. My Japanese keaboard fails to convert こんにゅう, with こりいれ I got at\nleast to 梱入れ almost instantly.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T09:40:26.820",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83849",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-24T10:01:40.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "Why 梱入 does not appear in any dictionary?",
"view_count": 211
} | [
{
"body": "Basically, Japanese 熟語 (jukugo, word consisting of 2 or more kanjis) can\neasily be made by just juxtaposing kanjis, and sometimes this technique is\nused to shorten spelling. In this case, the word 梱入 is technical term used\namongst wholesalers and therefore not in dictionaries. 梱入 is a jukugo-ish form\nof 梱包されて入っている (be packed and contained).\n\nThe reading is こんにゅう. Usually, those jukugos are read in chinese-derived\nreading 音読み (on-yomi). 梱 can be read as こり and this is 訓読み (readings based on\nwords existed before kanjis were introduced), though.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T00:22:27.563",
"id": "83859",
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| 83849 | 83859 | 83859 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83853",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following is a sentence from a reading comprehension exercise. The context\nis a 返品カード. I wonder what role で plays below:\n\n> 返品理由 **で** 当てはまるものを選び、アルファベットに◯をつけてください。\n>\n> a．サイズが合わなかった。\n>\n> b. ...\n\nI have two guesses.\n\n 1. で here is the te-form of だ. 返品理由 and 当てはまる both modify もの.\n 2. で is a particle and means “as”.\n\nWhich (if any) of the above would be correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T11:38:47.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83850",
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"owner_user_id": "38770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "What is the role of で in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 88
} | [
{
"body": "I think you can read the sentence as 返品理由 **の中で** 当てはまる… so で plays \"location\"\nrole ( **inside the** list, choose corresponding...).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T15:25:55.737",
"id": "83853",
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| 83850 | 83853 | 83853 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83861",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 姻族 and 姻戚？\n\nAccording to the definitions in the dictionary, they are pretty much the same.\nWould there be a time where I use one over the other?\n\nIf I look it up on Jisho: 姻戚\n\n> 1. relative by marriage; affinity\n>\n\nand 姻族\n\n> 1. in-law; relative by marriage\n>\n\nFurthermore, the definitions by goo dictionary： 姻戚\n\n> 婚姻によってできた、血のつながりのない親戚。→姻族\n\nand 姻族\n\n> 婚姻によって親族になった者どうし。夫からみて妻方の父母兄弟など。民法では、三親等内の姻族を親族とする。姻戚。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T13:50:01.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83852",
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"owner_user_id": "18873",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "difference between 姻族 and 姻戚",
"view_count": 75
} | [
{
"body": "I think there is definitely overlap in meaning and usage between the two\nwords, 「姻戚」is more commonly used to refer to in-laws in a relatively narrower\nsense while「姻族」is more of a general reference to more than a few people, more\nlike a generic kind of people. Since you have already looked them up in a\ndictionary, to tease out the usage nuances let's look at some examples.\n\n**「姻戚」**\n\n>\n> また、宗麟の姻戚であった総大将、田原親賢が臼杵鑑速などの重臣達の反発を招いた結果だという説もある。([source](https://blog.goo.ne.jp/daimajin-b/e/8b348c99c86cf4bc492b7302b0325e83)) \n> There is the story that the supreme commander, Chikakata TAWARA who was a\n> relative of Sorin triggered a protest from senior vassals including Akisumi\n> USUKI. (translation from the original source)\n\n>\n> 秀政を一族の惣領として、父の秀重、姻戚の堀直政、利宗ら年長者たちが、秀政を盛り立てていた様子の一端が伺える。([source](http://seekfortune.wiki.fc2.com/wiki/%E5%A0%80%E7%A7%80%E6%94%BF))\n\n>\n> 桓武天皇皇女の高津内親王が妃を廃された後、姻戚である藤原冬嗣（嘉智子の姉安子は冬嗣夫人美都子の弟三守の妻だった）らの後押しで立后したと考えられる。([source](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%98%E5%98%89%E6%99%BA%E5%AD%90))\n\nIn all of the above contexts, the word is used as part of the phrase \"as a\nrelative of\".\n\n>\n> ベントンは19世紀の多くの著名人と姻戚または血縁での関係があった。([source](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3))\n\n>\n> なかでも清正は若きころより武勇に優れていた利家を尊敬していたと言われ、事実、利家存命中は姻戚問題で利家邸、家康邸に各大名が集結する騒ぎとなった際も、姻戚問題を起こした当人にも関わらず利家邸に出席している。([source](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%94%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%B6))\n\n> 意次の人脈形成・田沼派拡大の柱は、姻戚関係の駆使である。(瀧澤中・『「江戸大名」失敗の研究: 政治力の差が明暗を分けた』)\n\nIn these examples, 「姻戚」refers to a kind of relation by marriage.\n\n[**「姻族」**](https://makino-law.com/service/ex/column033-shinzoku/) appears to\nbe more of a legal term, and is more often used to refer to a group of\nrelative delineated by law or by marriage and/or blood relations.\n\n> いわゆる「義理の〇〇」というのが「姻族」です。 \n> 姻族には、２パターンあります。 \n> １つ目は、結婚したことで家族になった人たちです。 \n> 配偶者の両親や、配偶者の兄弟姉妹などです。 \n> ２つ目は、血族の配偶者です。 \n> 兄弟姉妹の配偶者やおじおばの配偶者などです。 \n> いずれも、結婚によってつながった関係となります。\n\nOf course we also see sentences with「姻族」where「姻戚」would be apt as well:\n\n>\n> 足利氏の姻族である上杉氏との縁戚関係などから、新田一族の惣領である新田義貞には従わずに、足利尊氏の後醍醐天皇からの離反、湊川の戦いなどに参加、その功で延元2年/建武4年（1337年）には名和氏の本拠である伯耆守護に任ぜられる。([source](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%90%8D%E6%99%82%E6%B0%8F))\n\nIn sum, I think it is more common to see「姻族」in legal contexts, referring to\nmany people as opposed to one person.",
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| 83852 | 83861 | 83861 |
{
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"body": "What is the actual common reading of その他? Is it そのほか or そのた? Are there\ndifferences in social or grammatical context, or a nuance in the actual\nmeaning?\n\n * スーパー大辞林 doesn’t list その他 as a word. There is an example with その― for ほか, but not for た.\n * ウィズダム和英辞典 lists そのほか only as a link to そのた.\n * Yomikatawa simply says そのほか.\n * Weblio contains some entries beginning both with そのほか and そのた, some of them with the other as a variant and others without it. By itself it is listed as そのほか with そのた as a variant.\n\nI wasn’t able to abstract any rule, but I’m still not sure whether they’re\nfreely interchangeable.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T16:37:37.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83855",
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"owner_user_id": "10104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Which reading of その他 is more common?",
"view_count": 69
} | []
| 83855 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 全員この場で野々村の宣戦布告を受け取る。 \n> We all accept Nonomura's declaration of war.\n\n> たとえ遊びでも手 **は** 抜かない。 \n> Even if it's just for fun, we will go all out.\n\nHow would these lines have read differently if it said たとえ遊びでも手を抜かない. I\nunderstand that when は is used to replace を it is essentially はを but how does\nusing は instead of を change the meaning of this sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-23T23:47:57.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83858",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-24T00:30:20.533",
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"owner_user_id": "41675",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Difference between using は and を in 遊びでも手は抜かない",
"view_count": 74
} | [
{
"body": "は can be used instead of を to emphasize the preceding word. In this context,\nthey may or may not skimp on other things, but they won't get lazy about their\n手 (literally means hand, but here it means way to achieve, work or approach).\n\nIf they are skimping on something, that would be 気. The expression \"気を抜く\"\nmeans to lose focus and get relaxed. This is a little wordplay, though.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-24T00:40:06.150",
"id": "83860",
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| 83858 | null | 83860 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83865",
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"body": "The sentence is:\n\n> 今回もそうなるのではないかと心配している。\n\nI know the words but I don't quite get the meaning.\n\nThis is the whole writing:\n\n>\n> 今日、兄が新しい自転車を買った。問題は、住んでいるところが少し治安が悪くて、盗まれるかもしれないことだ。前にも、兄は自転車を買ったことあるが、残念ながら盗まれたので、今回もそうなるのではないかと心配している。\n\nI don't quite get what is \"のではない\" doing in there. 今回も means this time, too.\nそうなる means something like become so or be the case and 心配 is to worry. I think\nit'd be logical to think that it means something like \"I'm worried it will\nhappen again this time\" but that is just my guess based on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T02:35:32.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83862",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-22T06:28:55.140",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-22T06:28:55.140",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "39755",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Could you explain to me the meaning and grammar of this sentence? 今回もそうなるのではないかと心配している",
"view_count": 361
} | [
{
"body": "Your attempt at translation is pretty much spot on in terms of meaning; I\nthink all you're missing is an understanding of `のではない`, which is more\ncommonly seen as `んじゃない` and is used to make statements into rhetorical/tag\nquestions confirming something the speaker believes is likely true. You can\nread about this [here](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-janai-meaning/) and\n[here](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B-janai-ka/), and\nin many questions on this site including [this\none](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/39768/understanding-%E3%82%93%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%8B)\nand [this one](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1516/how-\nis-%E3%82%93%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-different-\nfrom-%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84). The important thing to realize is\nthat `んじゃないか` is just a contraction of `のではないか`. In this case it's also inside\na subordinate clause describing what the speaker is worried about, making it\nslightly less direct.\n\nGiven that, the sentence works out something like this:\n\n> 今回もそうなるのではないか\n>\n> Won't it turn out the same way this time?\n\n> 今回もそうなるのではないかと心配している\n>\n> I'm worried that it will turn out the same way this time.\n\nIf you have trouble with the idea that `won't it turn out the same way?` stops\nbeing a question of any kind in the full English translation, you can also\nthink of an extremely direct translation along the lines of :\n\n> I'm worried thinking \"won't it turn out the same way this time?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T04:27:23.570",
"id": "83865",
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"parent_id": "83862",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 83862 | 83865 | 83865 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In an assignment I wrote「今年にローラースケートを習いたいです。」 which was corrected to\n「今年はローラースケートを習いたいです。」My guess is that it was corrected because in this\nsentence, \"this year\" is the ~topic~. Is that correct?\n\nand in order for「今年にローラースケートを習いたいです。」to be correct, I should have added 「私は」\nmaking 「今年に私はローラースケートを習いたいです。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T03:19:57.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83863",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-24T03:50:57.927",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41677",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Clarification on the particle following 今年",
"view_count": 332
} | [
{
"body": "今年 doesn't take any particle when it is not topicalized and it works as a\nsimple adverb. 今日, 昨日, 明日 and so on doesn't take に, either. If you want to\ntopicalize 私, you should say:\n\n> 私は今年ローラースケートを習いたいです。\n\nBut ensure topicalizing 私 is natural in your context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T03:50:57.927",
"id": "83864",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 83863 | null | 83864 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to translate this song for practice, and am wondering how 理 (ことわり)\nis being used in this particular line.\n\nAccording to Jisho 理（ことわり）means, \"reason; logic; sense; natural way of\nthings.\"\n\nHere is the line and the one that follows it. In the line just before these\ntwo, the speaker basically says, \"What will X wish for?\"\n\n> 「招かれざる理なら/ただ、「在るべき」に返すだけ」.\n\nTranslating this literally I got:\n\n> If it is uninvited logic, I will just restore it to 「the way it should be」\n\n> If it (the wish) is uninvited logic, I will just restore it to 「the way it\n> should be」\n\nNow this translation sounds odd (but honestly the whole song has very out\nthere lyrics) and so that's why I am wondering if it means something else.\n\nIf this literal translation is correct, I would assume it means that the\npeople doing the wishing (who are presumably bad) want the world to run on\nchaotic logic; i.e. logic that no one wants, that did not get invited. I am\nassuming this because of Jisho's \"natural way of things\" definition (So\nliterally something like \"If it (the wish) is for an uninvited/unwelcome\nnatural way of things, I will just restore everything to 「the way it should\nbe」\"). If my interpretation of this literal translation is correct, I would\nthen translate this line closer to that meaning.\n\nAccording to a Japanese dictionary, the second meaning of 理 is わけ and 理由\n(reason; pretext; motive), so is it possible for 理 to be more figurative using\na わけ-like definition?\n\nIt's also important to add that this line is repeated in different forms in\nthe song, which include \"許されざる理\" (unforgiven logic) and \"紡がれざる理\"\n(unspun/unassembled logic).\n\nSo what is your take on this line. Again, please note that this entire song is\nvery ethereal/figurative, so there is a lot of possibility that this line is\njust odd to begin with.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T10:11:39.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83866",
"last_activity_date": "2023-03-15T23:02:35.353",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-21T19:35:34.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41414",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-usage",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What does 理 mean in 招かれざる理なら/ただ、「在るべき」に返すだけ?",
"view_count": 327
} | [
{
"body": "In this sentence, \"natural way of things\" is the closest translation for 理. If\nyou want a little more comprehensive words, \"destiny\" or \"fate\" would fit in\nthe context. So the translation will be: If (the thing) is destined to be\nunwanted, (what I/we can do is) only to restore it to the way it should be.\nHere \"招かれざる\" qualifies the content of the destiny, not the destiny itself.\nAssume that \"招かれざる\" qualifies 理, then \"招かれざる理\" is a subject of the sentence\nand \"招かれざる理なら\" would be \"If (something) is unwanted destiny\". However, nothing\ncan be destiny itself (at least in this context), so the assumption was wrong.\n\nAlso, next one \"許されざる理\" can be interpreted similarly: (the content of the\ndestiny) is destined to be forbidden. However, the last one is different; in\nthe line \"紡がれざる理\", probably \"紡がれざる\" qualifies 理 itself. I can't explain why\nproperly, but while 理 is nothing that is neither invited nor permitted, 理 can\nbe woven(\"紡がれる\") so it is natural to interpret like above, simply.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T14:19:09.053",
"id": "83873",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 83866 | null | 83873 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83868",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this expression and the dictionaries give\n\n> \"heaven sent offer\", \"best offer one could ask for\"; \"offer just what one\n> wants\"\n\nI am interested by the break down this expression, ie how it came to have this\nmeaning :\n\n> \"an offer (申し出)I did not(ない) even (も) ask (願って)\".\n\nIs this correct ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T10:20:37.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83867",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-24T13:07:18.580",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-24T12:48:46.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "37097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "breakdown of 願ってもない申し出",
"view_count": 72
} | [
{
"body": "This arguably falls into the category of \"could be answered with a simple\ndictionary search\", but I think in this case it would be hard to know what to\nsearch for, because it's made up of arguably three different things\n(`願って`+`も`+`ない`).\n\nTo answer your question, the original translation of \"heaven sent offer\" is\npretty close to accurate. The reason is that `願ってもない` [is a set\nphrase](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%A1%98%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\nmeaing exactly what one was looking for, or precisely what one wanted.\n\nEdit: since the question has been updated to be about etymology, I will\nattempt to address that.\n\nFirst off, it's worth pointing out that the `ない` here is `無い` and not a\ncontraction of `いない`. It's not \"something not wished for\", but \"something that\ndoesn't exist even if wished for\".\n\nI can't find anything that explicitly addresses the etymology, but dictionary\ndefinitions provide some context. For example, From\n[kotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%A1%98%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82%E7%84%A1%E3%81%84-594661):\n\n> 望んでも簡単にかないそうもないことが運よく実現するさま\n>\n> When something wished for but unlikely to actually happen luckily appears\n\nYou can find similar explanations\n[here](https://kotowaza.jitenon.jp/kotowaza/6196.php) and\n[here](https://mayonez.jp/topic/5234). Basically, it seems like this is\nexpressing the idea of something being desirable but typically out of reach.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T11:28:46.407",
"id": "83868",
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}
]
| 83867 | 83868 | 83868 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83886",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The above sentence is taken from a 保証書 (from a reading exercise). Having\nsearched for the sentence, it seems to be a fairly standard sentence in\nwarranties.\n\nI have two question about the sentence.\n\n 1. What does で mean in 記載の内容で? Because of? According to?\n 2. Then sentence ends with ものです. Regarding the もの here, does it simply mean “thing”, “object” (so that the sentence means “this warranty is the thing that guarantees ...”)? Or is this a special usage of ものだ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T13:49:28.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83870",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-25T05:14:40.453",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-24T14:04:12.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "38770",
"owner_user_id": "38770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-で",
"formal-nouns"
],
"title": "Parse the sentence 「この保証書は、記載の内容で無料修理を行うことをお約束するものです」",
"view_count": 72
} | [
{
"body": "First, understand the construct 「この〜は〜ものです」. It's a pattern used to describe\nthe power of something (usually an official document or some artifact). For\nexample, 「パスポートは各国に国民の安全な通行を要請するもです」,「王冠は、正当な継承者であることを証明するものです」.\n\nThen let's look at the rest. 記載の内容で無料修理を行う means \"perform free repairs\naccording to the terms described in the document\". A more literal translation\nwould be \"With what is printed, perform free repairs\".\n\nSo all taken together it means: This guarantee document certifies that we\npromise to perform free repairs according to the terms printed on it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-25T05:14:40.453",
"id": "83886",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "83870",
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"score": 3
}
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| 83870 | 83886 | 83886 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Are べき and べきだ one and same thing?\n\nI found many grammars where べき is defined, but examples with べきだ are provided.\n\n知るべき。\n\n両親には従うべきだ。\n\nOr is だ a copula? But then why do we use a copula in such case?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T14:01:13.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83871",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-24T14:01:13.757",
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"owner_user_id": "41663",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"copula",
"modality"
],
"title": "What is the difference between べき and べきだ",
"view_count": 97
} | []
| 83871 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Recently met this phrase several times in the context like affirmative or\npositive answer. Googling it didn't help muchб and it doesn't look like typo\ntoo. For me it looks like まえ rather naturally transforms to めー here, so I\nthink it's probably some kind of slang, isn't it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T14:06:23.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83872",
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"owner_user_id": "10221",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Does 当たりめーだろ equal to 当たり前だろ but slang?",
"view_count": 38
} | []
| 83872 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83878",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What would be the most natural and polite way to express a lack of preference,\nfor instance, when being asked by a waiter if I prefer a seat at the counter\nor a separate table?\n\nI've searched Google, Jisho and Midori and come up with:\n\n * 構わないんです（よ）\n * 気にしない\n\nbut I am very unsure of the level of politeness and I don't want it to sound\nstilted. In particular, 気にしない seems rude, as jisho.org lists it as \"not\ncaring; not giving a damn\" and that's not really what I had in mind.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T16:06:34.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83874",
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"owner_user_id": "12018",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"politeness"
],
"title": "How to express lack of preference",
"view_count": 155
} | [
{
"body": "どちらでもいいですよ, どこでもいいですよ, どちらでも構いません、どっちでも大丈夫です would be natural in this\nsituation. どっちでも気にしません is possible and won't be rude, but a slightly uncommon\nway of saying it.\n\nJust かまわないです、気にしません is also possible but a slightly odd choice (it would be\nnatural if it was in response to being asked to take a certain seat, instead\nof being asked what your preference was).\n\nNone of the word choices is rude, but perhaps かまわないです、気にしません signals\ncomfortableness being 敬うed. So for example, if you were asked by a 目上の人,\nbetter choices are どちらでもいいですよ、どちらでも大丈夫です.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T22:59:33.213",
"id": "83878",
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}
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| 83874 | 83878 | 83878 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was initially taught that いえ was the informal version of いいえ. Recently, I\nhave read on several websites that いえ should only be used to refer to\nhouse/home 家. Is this true and if so, what is the negative equivalent of え?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T18:32:02.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83876",
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"owner_user_id": "41600",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"register",
"informal"
],
"title": "What is the informal equivalent of いいえ",
"view_count": 1083
} | [
{
"body": "いえ is definitely used informally for いいえ, though it's not super casual. More\ncasual options include いや, ううん, or 違う. That being said, you don't necessarily\nneed a word that means 'no'; you can reply to 「フランスに行ったことある？」with just 「ないよ」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-24T19:05:02.233",
"id": "83877",
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
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| 83876 | null | 83877 |
{
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"body": "『あなたの番です』第１２話 has a scene where 黒島沙和, female in her early 20s, comforts 榎本総一,\na 14 year old boy.\n\n> 黒島「猫．．．それ．．．」 \n> 榎本「動かないんです。病院、知りませんか？」 \n> 黒島「でも．．．もう死んじゃってるんじゃないかな．．．」 \n> 榎本は泣いてしまう。 \n> 黒島「泣かない！泣かない！」\n\nIt is interesting that it isn't「泣かないで」which is what I would expect her say.\nHow can a declarative sentence be used in place of a request/command?\n\nI know young boys are often called 「僕」because the speaker assume their POV\nwhen talking to them. Is that the reason why 黒島 says 「泣かない」instead\nof「泣かないで」here? But the teenage boy is 14, way past the phase when he is\naddressed as 「僕」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-25T00:12:23.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83879",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-25T00:12:23.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "When is「泣かない」used to mean 「泣かないで」?",
"view_count": 51
} | []
| 83879 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Do they both just state the reason, if not how are they different?\n\n痛みに歪んだ顔 vs 痛みで歪んだ顔",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-25T01:18:01.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83880",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-25T02:46:58.160",
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"owner_user_id": "41683",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference between に and で in e.g. 痛みに歪んだ顔",
"view_count": 54
} | [
{
"body": "Both are natural, and they mean exactly the same thing. I somehow feel the\nformer is slightly more literary or \"refined\", but I cannot explain why and\nother people may not agree with me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-25T02:46:58.160",
"id": "83883",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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| 83880 | null | 83883 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83882",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "100% a curiosity question, but I recently stumbled across some older blog\nposts about a silly debate of \"should you eat all your pizza crust?\" and I was\nsurprised to see the phrase\n\n> ピザの耳\n\nMost of the time when I've seen the word crust its' been クラスト or パンの皮.\n\nSo as more of an etymological inquiry, does anyone know how exactly 耳 end up\nmeaning crust or edge?\n\nMy usual Jisho and Wiktionary sources are leaving me dry and through my own\nsearch, I could find plenty on the Chinese etymology with 耳's relation to ear.\nLikewise it's obvious how selvage, crust, and edge are all related, but I\ncouldn't find anything that connects the two. Seeing as both ピザの耳 and パンの耳 are\nused, I'm not sure if it's something that would trace back to the introduction\nof (Western) breads or pizza to Japan (since who knows which usage came first)\nor is something as simple as 'ears are on the edge of your face'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-25T02:13:34.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83881",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-25T11:50:40.410",
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"owner_user_id": "41684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "パンの耳? How did 耳 end up meaning edge/crust?",
"view_count": 1067
} | [
{
"body": "This is simply because 'ears are on the edge of your face'. The edge of a coin\nwas also called 耳 in the past, and\n[耳を揃える](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%80%B3%E3%82%92%E6%8F%83%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B)\nis still commonly used as an idiom.\n\n * [語源由来辞典 - 耳を揃える](http://gogen-allguide.com/mi/mimiwosoroeru.html)\n\n> 「耳」は頭部の中心から端に位置することから、「パンの耳」と言うように「縁」を意味する。\n\n * [なぜパンの端を耳というのか？](https://www.olive-hitomawashi.com/column/2019/08/post-6088.html)\n\n>\n> そもそも日本人は、モノの端の部分を耳と表すことが多く、これはパンに限っての話ではない。例えば、布や紙の端の部分も耳と言い表すことがある。これらに共通しているのは平面的な物体という点だ。日本人は平面的なものの端の部分を耳と呼ぶのである。\n\n(By the way, I didn't know [this part is called\n\"heel\"](https://www.insider.com/what-is-the-end-piece-of-bread-called-2018-11)\nby many English speakers.)",
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| 83881 | 83882 | 83882 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I understand that they both mean \"element\" or \"aspect\" in some way. What's the\nnuanced difference between the two?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-25T03:11:54.240",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 点 and 要素?",
"view_count": 79
} | [
{
"body": "点 merely implies a \"point\", while 要素 implies there are multiple points that\ntogether make up something.\n\nHence, you can say `昨日来てくれた点は評価する`, but not `昨日来てくれた要素は評価する` because you\ncoming over is odd as a component of something. Conversely, you can say\n`成長を促す要素を構成している` but not `成長を促す点を構成している` because a point can't be composed of\nfurther components.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 83884 | null | 83885 |
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"body": "I found this sentence on jisho.org:\n\n```\n\n 税制改革はの圧力が高まっている\n \n The pressure for tax reform is growing.\n \n```\n\nAnd I'm wondering if this is a typo. Having both は and の together somehow\nsounds a bit odd to me. I would expect it to be either\n\n```\n\n 税制改革の圧力が高まっている\n \n```\n\nor\n\n```\n\n 税制改革は圧力が高まっている\n \n```\n\nCan someone please tell me which forms are correct?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Is はの even possible?",
"view_count": 138
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| 83887 | null | null |
{
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"body": "So I'm trying to figure this out but I'm not finding much online. So, I want\nto thank the people who was involved into me being able to achieve something.\nI know the ~てくれて/いただいてありがとう... form, but what should I put before that. the\n\"made it possible\" part.\n\nAnother possibility could be \"Thanks to everyone who helped/accompanied me on\nthis journey\", that's the idea at least.\n\nIt occured to me something like 「このたびにてつだっていただいたのみなさん、ありがとうございました」is that ok?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-25T13:37:26.200",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"expressions",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"Thanks to everyone who made it possible\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 231
} | [
{
"body": "Based on my limited life experience, what we say idiomatically in such a\nsituation are:\n\n> みなさんのおかげで～～（することが）できました \n> ～～（することが）できたのはみなさんのおかげです \n> _roughly:_ \"I/we owe —'s having been possible to everyone.\"\n\n> みなさんの助けがあってこそ～～（することが）できました \n> ～～はみなさんのご協力のたまものです \n> _roughly:_ \"— were not possible without everyone's help.\"\n\nOf course, these assume most addressees are collaborators. If in a situation\nlike \"thanks to the hosts\", you can say (lower is more formal):\n\n> （今回）助けてくださったみなさん、ありがとうございました (based on your phrasing) \n> （今回）お力添えいただいたみなさん、ありがとうございました \n> （このたび）実現にご尽力いただいた皆様に感謝いたします\n\nThe last option contains big words but semantically fairly close to \"Thanks to\neveryone who made it possible\" already, where I think more literally would be:\n\n> 実現に関わったすべての方に感謝（いた）します",
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| 83888 | null | 83898 |
{
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"body": "The two words kirai (嫌い) and nikui (憎い) seem to be placed similarly in\nsentences and the definitions I've seen range from similar to almost\nidentical, depending on the source. It's a bit confusing, but there must be\nsome nuance to the distinction. My best guess is that it's intensity: nikui is\nstronger than kirai, in the same way that in English 'hate' is a stronger than\n'dislike.' Is this correct? If not, what is the difference?\n\nIn checking my understanding of the grammar of the words, I also noticed that\nkirai is an adjectival noun (for a na-adjective) while nikui is an\ni-adjective.",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 嫌い and 憎い?",
"view_count": 740
} | [
{
"body": "I think \"dislike\" and \"hate\" covers most of the difference, but in addition,\n憎い can only be used if you were wronged, or if the subject did something\nwrong/bad.\n\nYou can 嫌い something for no reason (e.g. バナナが嫌い), but 憎い needs some\nwrongdoing. If you said バナナが憎い people will wonder what バナナ did to you. It also\nimplies a certain loss of control of your emotions. E.g. you can say\n淡々と嫌っていた、静かに嫌っていた but 淡々と憎んでいた、静かに憎んでいた are odd combinations.\n\nYou will hear a lot of 嫌い in daily life, but 憎い is almost unheard of. I'd say\nprobably the majority of people have never used this word in a serious way (as\nin other than joking or when they were children). It's reserved for extreme\nhatred, like if somebody kills your loved ones, defraud you of your life\nsavings, bullies you severely or something on that line. You should probably\navoid using it at all unless you really know this is what you want to say.",
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| 83889 | 83893 | 83893 |
{
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"body": "「～にわたって」を使う問題をやってみましたがなぜかほとんど間違えました。なぜ間違えたのか説明してくれませんか？教科書の写真（黄色い丸は僕が選んだ選択肢です）\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/S2iSg.png)",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-25T20:11:59.593",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "「～にわたって」の使い方を説明してくれる方がいますか？",
"view_count": 185
} | [
{
"body": "正しい答えは\n\n 1. c\n 2. c\n 3. b\n 4. a\n\nで合っていますでしょうか？\n\n# 「にわたって」\n\n * ある「期間」の中で「ずっと」続いているもの\n * ある「範囲」の中で「まんべんなく」あるもの\n\n# 問題解説\n\n 1. 「5月」と「5月の連休」は、期間ではなく、特定の日にち\n 2. 「うちの庭」と「駅前」は、範囲ではなく、特定の場所 だから間違いです。 しかし、「5月」のことを「5月1日から31日まで」だと考えれば期間ですよね？「うちの庭」も「門から扉まで」だと思えば範囲になりますし、そこで混乱が起きるかと思います。\n\nなので「期間」、または「範囲」を表現する言葉とセットになっていることを確認した方が分かりやすいかと思います。\n具体的にいうと「〇〇間」、「全体」、「全国」などです。 実際に「5月1日から31日にわたって」、「駅前全体にわたって」なら間違いではないです。\n\n 3. 「富士山が一番高い」と「四つの大きな島がある」は、特定の場所（まんべんではない）\n 4. 「魚屋を開いた」と「魚屋を閉じた」は、完了している動作（続いていない） を表しているので間違いです。",
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| 83890 | null | 84735 |
{
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"body": "Looking up the kanji, あっけなく comes from 呆気(state of surprise, shock)＋ ない. So,\nwouldn't the most natural translation be 'without surprise, conformingly'?\nEven so, I saw the following phrase in a game:\n\n> * 甘い朝の時間はあっけなく終了し・・・\n>\n\nAnd after searching a bit, seems like \"too quick, unsatisfying\" are valid\ntranslations. Why is that so?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-25T20:27:19.293",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Why does あっけなく mean \"too quick\"?",
"view_count": 723
} | [
{
"body": "According to スーパー大辞林, the 呆気 in あっけない is just 当て字 (kanji used purely for the\npronunciation, rather than the meaning), so it contributes nothing to the\ndefinition. Here is the entry for 呆気ない:\n\n> あっけ-な・い [4] 【呆気ない】 （形）[文]ク あつけな・し \n> **〔物足りないの意の「飽く気(ケ)なし」の転。「呆気」は当て字〕** \n> 予期や期待に反して簡単・貧弱で物足りない。「―・い幕切れ」「―・く敗れる」\n\nI've bolded the part of the entry which described the word's origin. The\nlatter half of that sentence notes that あっけない evolved from the phrase\n「飽く気なし・飽気無」which originally means\n「[もの足りない。あきたりない。満足しない。](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%A3%BD%E6%B0%97%E7%84%A1-2001154)」or\n\"not enough/ unsatisfactory\".\n\nAs for why it can also be translated as \"too quickly\", if something enjoyable\nor pleasurable happens too quickly, I imagine it would also be unsatisfying.\nJust like your example, if your \"sweet mornings\" pass too quickly, you do not\nhave the time to enjoy it.",
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| 83891 | 83892 | 83892 |
{
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"body": "The compound word ''chairo'' obviously comes from ''cha'' and ''iro'' so you\nwould think that the ''a'' and ''i'' would be pronounced separately. But\nsometimes it sounds (to me) like they are pronounced as one sound similar to\nthe ''ai'' in the word ''hai''.\n\nAre they pronounced both ways or just one ?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-26T04:51:27.083",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Is chairo pronounced as both chai ro and cha iro?",
"view_count": 621
} | [
{
"body": "It's 茶色{ちゃいろ}: ちゃ-い-ろ. And whether it is pronounced the same as how you\npronounce \"chai\" would depend on your native language. But the first two\nvowels in the word 「茶色」are definitely not pronounced the same as the vowel in\nthe English words \"light\", \"ride\", or \"pipe\".\n\nThe /aɪ/ vowel in English, occurring in the words I listed above, is a\ndiphthong--a gliding vowel formed from long vowels in Middle English in [the\nGreat Vowel Shift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Vowel_Shift). It is not\na /ɑ/ (how a lot of English speakers pronounce the vowel in \"PALM\") plus an\n/ɪ/ (as in KIT). It is a single vowel, not a combination of two equal vowels\nas is the case in Japanese. (Note: I am an American English speaker, so I am\nbasing most things here on [General American\n(GA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_American_English), but [Receive\nPronunciation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation) is also\nincluded in this answer, but there are varieties of English where the vowel in\nbath is rendered the same as the /a/ in /aɪ/.)\n\nDiphthongs are single vowels with some tongue movement that allows a\ntransition in the rendition of the vowel. Modern Japanese doesn't have\ndiphthongs. Japanese is phonetically codified through kana and rendered in\ndistinct syllables that largely follow the consonant-vowel pattern, with each\nvowel having the same\n[length](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_\\(phonetics\\)) (which means all\nsyllables are pronounced with roughly similar durations). So the simple answer\nto your question is: no, it is not pronounced the same way in English.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-26T05:32:58.200",
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"body": "Imagine if you were an English speaker, asked by a Japanese that: \"Should I\npronounce 'header' as ヘダー or ヘッダー?\"\n\nFrom a native speaker's standpoint, it is actually a non-problem: ちゃいろ is\nalways in three units\n([morae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora_\\(linguistics\\))) _cha-i-ro_. The\nfact is not affected by word composition either, as バイト \"part-time job\" is\nalways _ba-i-to_ too. (And はい _ha-i_.)\n\nSo what leads to your question is, I think, in fact the mismatch between the\nJapanese tongue and [your native language]'s ear. In every language, fast (I\nmean, most of the daily) speech compromises on phonological clearness for\narticulatory smoothness; which means in this case, the hiatus _a-i_ becomes so\nseamless that many incidental factors such as relative length of _a_ to _i_ ,\nemphasis, or surrounding intonation etc. could make you sometimes hear the\ndiphthong //ai// and other times not. It is hard to make a generalized advice\non this because it also depends on your language's threshold when to hear\n//ai// and //a.i// as syllables.\n\nEither way, no matter whether you believe that \"chai-ro\" and \"cha-iro\" are\ndistinct sounds uttered in separate manners, it is just an irrelevant matter\nof where you accidentally put more muscle for Japanese speakers. The correct\nway I think is to train yourself to utter cha / i / ro each in same length by\ndefault (i.e. when no stress or intonation is in consideration).",
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"body": "Count (uniformly) 3 beats: 1(cha)2(i)3(ro). Pronounce it in one continuous\nflow. (Do not break in between cha and i, or in between i and ro.)\n\nThere is not a standalone vowel “ai”. For instance, 愛する takes 4 beats (mora):\n1(a)2(i)3(su)4(ru). Pronouncing it in 3 beats as 1(ai)2(su)3(ru) would be\nincorrect. Likewise はい takes two beats (but in one continuous flow).",
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| 83896 | null | 83900 |
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"body": "The context is the following sentence.\n\n> 父が病気なものですから、 **いろいろと** お金が必要なんです。\n\nI have two questions.\n\n 1. What does と in the above sentence mean?\n 2. How should 「いろいろとお金が必要なんです」 be translated? Money is necessary in various ways? Money is necessary for various purposes?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-26T11:20:30.303",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What does と mean as in いろいろと?",
"view_count": 65
} | []
| 83901 | null | null |
{
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"body": "From No Game No life (Anime)\n\nContext: this gamer guy is pretty pissed that his sister is falling asleep and\nafraid that he's gonna die in the game, but then she falls asleep, and gets\nhyped/irritated and says:\n\n> やったろうじゃねえか！\n\nFrom what I can gather, じゃねえか is a colloquial form of じゃないか, but what is やったろう\nand how come it can attach じゃねえか if it's not a noun (or is it?).\n\nEdit: I read the suggestions, and while the \"didn't you?\" meaning じゃないか makes\nsense, I still don't know what やったろう is supposed to mean. Based on the context\nof the situation, I think the meaning should be something like \"you did,\ndidn't you?!\" because it's his reaction to his sister's having fallen asleep a\nsecond ago. Interestingly enough, the official translation of the sentence is\n\"Fine, bring it on!\".\n\nEdit2: Found the solution to the meaning of the expression in the comments,\nbut I would still like to hear a comprehensive explanation. Why does it mean\nwhat it means, i.e willingness to take on a difficult situation?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-26T11:32:46.517",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"anime"
],
"title": "Understanding やったろうじゃねえか",
"view_count": 252
} | [
{
"body": "Thanks to all the comments, google and J-J dictionaries, I think I've figured\nit out.\n\nやったろう＝やってやろう\n\nてやる is used here to express a strong will to do the action of the verb\n\nてやろう＝hortative form of てやる\n\nSo to connect the pieces, やってやろう means \"Let's do it!\"\n\nじゃねえか＝じゃないか (/ee/ < /ai/ transformation in informal usage)\n\nじゃないか is used to ask for confirmation from the other party.\n\nTo finish the puzzle, it all means:\n\n> Let's do it, shall we? - formal\n\n> Let's freaking do it, you hear!? - in the anime.\n\nCorrect me if I'm wrong somewhere.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-26T16:20:05.250",
"id": "83905",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-26T16:20:05.250",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "41270",
"parent_id": "83902",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 83902 | 83905 | 83905 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "84197",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There seem to be quite a few SFX in manga that end with an `ン`, or `———ん`, or\n`...ン`. Some examples:\n\n * キーンコーンカーンコーン [(1)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GNDRG.png)\n * しーん [(2)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rnWD4.jpg)\n * オオオオオオオ…ン…ン… [(3)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/M1z6G.jpg)\n * バチィン [(4)](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OSIMy.jpg)\n\nI have three questions about this phenomenon (the last two assume that I'm\nright about the first one):\n\n 1. Do I understand correctly that ン signifies the sound echoing / fading to silence?\n 2. If so, how did ン come to represent sound getting quieter?\n 3. This question might not make sense, but in these SFX are we supposed to actually \"hear\" that ン or does it exist just to show the sound disappearing? For example, when seeing キーーーン on the first image, should I have `kiiin` \"playing\" in my head or just `kiii` that gradually fades to silence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-26T21:18:15.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83906",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-14T14:14:13.007",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-27T10:54:47.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"manga",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "How does ン work at the end of onomatopoeia?",
"view_count": 329
} | [
{
"body": "> Do I understand correctly that ン signifies the sound echoing / fading to\n> silence?\n\nWhile I often feel like the sound is fading out or terminating when I see ン,\nthis has nothing to do with that function. **This is what we hear**. It's like\nthe english equivalent of \"ng\" sound.\n\n\"Echoing\" here is to extend the last sound, right? If so, it's the function of\nー.\n\nIt's true that ン is likely to be placed at the end under the situation you\nstated. Since [many animal onomatopoeias contain ン at the\nend](http://Since%20many%20animal%20onomatopoeias%20contain%20A%20in%20the%20first%20place)\nin the first place, it might be related to the way Japanese perceive sounds.\n\nBy the way, **しーん as the SFX of manga** was first introduced by Osamu Tezuka\n(Note: This isn't the first time the Japanese used this word). キーンコーンカーンコーン,\nthe sound of Westminster Chime, was first used [in\n1954](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0) as a\nchime in school. So this word shouldn't have existed before 1954 because few\nJapanese must have known its sound.\n\n> This question might not make sense, but in these SFX are we supposed to\n> actually \"hear\" that ン or does it exist just to show the sound disappearing?\n> For example, when seeing キーーーン on the first image, should I have kiiin\n> \"playing\" in my head or just kiii that gradually fades to silence?\n\n**We hear the sound of ン**. Having said that, these things are just SFX, so\nthat I rarely read and listen to them seriously while reading manga. What I do\ninstead is just recognize the word and the situation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-02-14T12:40:57.890",
"id": "84197",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 83906 | 84197 | 84197 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This seems like it is very basic, but it was never resolved in the past, so\nhere I am.\n\nThis was in a Reddit post recently, but it never received a good answer; most\nof the answers were along the lines of \"I wouldn't call an old war story with\nsad elements 'interesting',\" \"just use「そうなんだ」or「なるほど」、\" and things like that.\n\nEssentially, I want to be able to call something interesting **in its own\nright** without any connotations of amusement. That way, if I encounter\nsomething that would upset the speaker to be amused by it yet still find the\nsubject matter to be interesting to all audiences, I can reply with such.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-26T21:34:24.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83907",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T17:30:25.707",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-27T02:43:45.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41548",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "How would one call something negative interesting?",
"view_count": 192
} | [
{
"body": "I don't recommend 興味深い either. That's not safe either because it basically\nmeans \"I'm curious\".\n\nConsidering how English speaking youtubers say \"hmm, interesting\", なるほど… or\nそうでしたか… seem reasonable to me, but if you are somehow not content with those\nphrases, how about ~~compromising~~ settling for either of them with\n\"勉強になります\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T06:27:35.947",
"id": "83910",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T06:41:15.547",
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"parent_id": "83907",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Is the word \"interesting\" (or its Japanese counterpart, whatever it is)\nsomething you insist upon? It's a word that by definition suggests a positive\nevaluation. Sure, it doesn't have a \"funny ha-ha\" kind of connotations but if,\nfor example, someone told you about a sad, tragic or serious event and you\nresponded with \"Oh, that's interesting./それは興味深い話ですね。\" you probably deserve to\nbe accused of insensitivity, if not frivolity, even if said event did have\nsome interesting aspects. (Although a lot depends of the context, like how\nsad/tragic/serious the event is, whether it's a true story or fiction, who the\nteller is, and what kind of reaction is expected by them.)\n\nIf you want to use it and still make sure you are not misunderstood, I think\nyou have no choice but to carefully state what you mean and do not mean by it\nin so many words.\n\nBut if you'd rather spare words, and can do with something other than\n\"interesting\", here's a suggestion:\"考えさせられる\" (\"makes you(/me) think\", or\n\"thought-provoking\"). It implies more or less serious thinking, and, generally\nspeaking, it's a safer option than \"興味深い\".\n\n(While I'm at it, let me give you some usage\nsuggestions:「考えさせられる話ですね」「何か色々と深く考えさせられます」「それは考えさせられるところの多い話ですね」)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T17:30:25.707",
"id": "83918",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T17:30:25.707",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 83907 | null | 83918 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83912",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 姉は知らないことも、 **さも知っているか** のように話す\n\nI came across さも for the first time recently: it is supposedly an adverbial\nusage, meaning 'as if' or 'in that way'. However, in the sentence above I'm\nnot sure what the か is doing.\n\nI had a similar confusion lately about いかに where it encloses a phrase with か,\nwhich I took to mean that it was asking a rhetorical question within a\nsentence and then answering it. I'm not sure if it is related to above\nquestion though...\n\n> 日本の技術が **いかに進んでいるか** 、よくわかった。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-26T22:12:31.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83908",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T13:56:16.533",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-27T13:56:16.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "33435",
"owner_user_id": "36952",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "さも usage/construction with か",
"view_count": 1412
} | [
{
"body": "さも is one of the optional \"guiding\" adverbs. It is almost always used with ように\nor みたいに, but さも by itself adds little to the overall meaning of the sentence.\nIt works like まるで, which is another guiding adverb, but さも is more literary\nand often accusatory. (Another representative guiding adverb is もし; you\nprobably know this is optional.) You have to master the grammar of\n[かのように](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB-ka-no-you-ni-meaning/)\nfirst, and then remember まるで and さも can be used along with this pattern.\n\nいかに is \"how\", and it can form an [embedded\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/13038/5010) (いかに進んでいるか = how\nadvanced it is). However, I think this has little to do with the かのように\nconstruction.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T07:45:50.853",
"id": "83912",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T07:45:50.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 83908 | 83912 | 83912 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example there is a video game series called LocoRoco, and in katakana it\nis spelt (ロコロコ) but the \"ロ\" character is supposed to be pronounced as \"ro\" so\nit sounds like \"rokoroko\". When translating something to English, when do you\nreplace the \"R\" sound with a \"L\" sound?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T05:35:09.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83909",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T07:03:43.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "40335",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"japanese-to-english"
],
"title": "When translating something to English, what letters are supposed to be translated as an \"L\" or an \"R\"?",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "R is the default consonant to represent the sounds of ラリルレロ using the English\nalphabet. All the [common romanization\nsystems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese#Modern_systems)\nuse only R.\n\nThe use of L is somewhat exceptional. The most common reason for using L\ninstead of R is that the sound derived from, or is associated with, some\nWestern word containing L. For example, リリアン in [this\nfranchise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria-sama_ga_Miteru) is translated\nas _Lilian_ , not _Ririan_ , because this リリ is clearly from English _lily_\nand it is an important motif in the story.\n\nI could not find the etymology of ロコロコ on the net, but I guess either the\noriginal creator or someone from the translation team came up with the idea\nthat ロコ can be associated with _locomotion_ in English. This also explains why\nC is used instead of K to represent the コ sound. Please don't ask why they\nused L only for the first ロ. It is up to the translator. Especially in game\nlocalization, anything can happen at the discretion of translators, and it is\neven common to ignore Japanese names altogether (see this [list of Pokémon\nnames](https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/List_of_Japanese_Pok%C3%A9mon_names)).\n\nSee also: [Why do Japanese speakers have difficulty pronouncing\n\"L\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/8324/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T06:57:59.893",
"id": "83911",
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}
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| 83909 | null | 83911 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83914",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In _Sakurasou no Pet na Kanojo_ 's opening, there is this part:\n\n> 1回めまぐれで\n>\n> 2回めってどうだろう\n>\n> 偶然じゃないよね？3回目が合うのは\n\nI understand it, but one part: the translations I found say \"The third time\nour eyes meet\", and I noticed that at least in some written version \"1回め\" and\n\"2回め\" use め, while \"3回目\" uses 目.\n\nI tried to understand if the 目 in 3回目 is ordinal (\"The third time\") or \"eye\"\n(\"The third [time our] eyes\"), but I didn't really find anything useful: if\nit's ordinal, I can't understand the subject of 合う: is it left unsaid, like\n\"The third time [our eyes] met\"?\n\nIf it's \"eye\", I'm not sure why 1回め and 2回め has an ordinal marker, while 3回目\ndoesn't, since they all mean \"The nth time\".\n\nI'm wondering if it's meant to be a word play, like using 目 as ordinal, but\nimpliying \"eyes\" since it means that too; no luck in finding info about that,\nthough.\n\nEdit: Without ordinal marker it should be cardinal, but I'm not sure if, maybe\nas poetic license it being in a song, it could be left out while still having\nan ordinal meaning.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T09:03:25.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83913",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T10:08:38.827",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-27T09:40:59.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "35362",
"owner_user_id": "35362",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "目 as \"eye\" or ordinal marker",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "The lyrics are arguably wordplay-like, in that they try to invite listeners\ninto a [garden path sentence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden-\npath_sentence). But the only way eventually parses meaningfully is 3回 \"three\ntimes\" + 目が合う \"eyes meet\". This 目 cannot be a suffix and a noun at the same\ntime.\n\nBy the way, lyrics I found in Japanese sites all seem to have spaces in\nbetween, which suggest the official way of parsing.\n\n> 1回め まぐれで \n> 2回め ってどうだろう \n> 偶然じゃあないよね? 3回 目が合うのは",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T10:08:38.827",
"id": "83914",
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]
| 83913 | 83914 | 83914 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83916",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From: No Game No Life (Anime) ep.1 timestamp 05:47\n\nContext: Someone sent the main characters an anonymous email and addressed\nthem as siblings. This is their reaction:\n\n> なんで俺ら「空白」が兄妹{きょうだい}だって知ってんだ？\n\nI understand the sentence means \"How did they know us BLANKs (their clan's\nname) are siblings?\"\n\nI also found out that 知ってんだ？ comes from 知っているのですか.\n\nHowever, I would like to know how come 知ってんだ is attached to the conjunctive\nform of the copula （だって）. I couldn't find an answer to this anywhere. Is it\neven a conjunctive form of the copula? Couldn't it be a contraction for という?\nBut in this case, it's not like it makes more sense since it's followed by\nanother verb.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T13:36:01.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83915",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T14:31:47.217",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-27T14:31:47.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"colloquial-language",
"anime"
],
"title": "Grammar behind 「...だって知ってんだ」？",
"view_count": 149
} | [
{
"body": "と often informally takes the form って. It doesn't necessarily imply という here.\n「なんで俺ら『空白』が兄妹だって知ってんだ？」＝「なんで俺ら『空白』が兄妹だと知っているのだ？」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T13:47:41.850",
"id": "83916",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T13:47:41.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "83915",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 83915 | 83916 | 83916 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> あいつの力は端に触れただけだというのに容赦なく心臓を磨り潰されるような. \n>\n\nI'm trying to translate this sentence but I don't quite understand what 端に触れた\nwould mean.\n\n端 means end; tip; point; edge; margin and 触れる means to touch; to feel;\nexperience; so given the meanings I understood at first that the speaker says\n\"Even if I felt his power just from an end, it's like my heart is being\ncrushed mercilessly.\"\n\nThe reason why I thought it like that is because the speaker is far away from\nthis powerful being (あいつ) and I assumed that the powerful guy gives off energy\neven from a distance, the speaker feeling it and affecting him. That's why I\nwas thinking that 端に would mean that the speaker says that \"even from my end,\nwhere I am now, even from here I can feel his tremendous power\".\n\nThat's how I thought about it. What do you think?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T16:35:01.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83917",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-28T04:08:06.420",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-27T22:32:29.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "What does 端に触れただけだというのに mean?",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "～に触れる simply means \"to touch ～\". See: [What is the difference between に触れる and\nを触れる?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53202/5010)\n\nTherefore:\n\n * 力 **は** 端に触れた: The power (came and) touched the edge/extremity/point (of something)\n * 力 **の** 端に触れた: [I/Someone] touched the edge of the power\n\nYour sentence means the power came closer and touched something. What this 端\nactually refers to depends on the context. It may be 体の端, 指の端, 鎧の端 or whatever\nmentioned in the previous context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-28T04:08:06.420",
"id": "83923",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-28T04:08:06.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "83917",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 83917 | null | 83923 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83964",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As I know if I connect verbs with て-form then the last verb determine the\ntense, politeness. But how can I negate the sentence? Should I just negate the\nlast verb or should I negate the verb which in the て-form? And if I shoud\nnegate て-form which negation use: なくて or ないで?\n\nFor example, how to negate this sentence?\n\n```\n\n こうえん に いって、とり を みる。- I will go to the park and I will see the birds.\n \n```\n\nMaybe:\n\n```\n\n 1, こうえん に いって、とり を みない。\n \n```\n\nor\n\n```\n\n 2, こうえん に いかなくて、 とり を みない。\n \n```\n\nor\n\n```\n\n 3, こうえん に いかないで、 とり を みない。\n \n```\n\n?\n\nSo I want to achive this: I won't go to the park and I won't see the birds.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T19:30:30.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83919",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-30T20:00:03.820",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-27T21:09:47.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "40425",
"owner_user_id": "40425",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"て-form",
"negation"
],
"title": "How to negate connected verbs which in て-form?",
"view_count": 213
} | [
{
"body": "After I spend more time with this question and read lots of article and\nwatched few videos I found the answer. So て-form has many usage, but we are\nonly interested in the connecting fuction which has the following cases:\n\n * **expressing the chronological order of actions:** in this case we just connecting/linking verbs in chronological order, but no logical connection between them.\n\n[ do A action after that do B action ]\n\nFor example:\n\n> こうえん に いって、とり を みる。- I will go to the park and (after that) I will see the\n> birds.\n\nThe A action: I will go, B action: I will see\n\n> マンガ を よんで テレビ を みた。- I read manga and (after that) watched TV.\n\nnegative form: なくて\n\nFor example:\n\n> こうえん に いかなくて、 とり を みない。- I won't go to the park and (after that) I won't see\n> the birds.\n\n> マンガ を よまなくて テレビ を みなかった。- I didn't read manga and (after that) didn't watch\n> TV.\n\nI think it is possible and correct negate the last verb:\n\n> こうえん に いって、とり を みなかった。- I went to the park and I didn't see the birds.\n\nBut I don't think to negate only the first verb would be correct.\n\n * **expressing the reason of action by/with action:** there is a causal relationship (logical connection) between actions when connect them\n\n[ do A action that's why do B action ]\n\nFor emxaple:\n\n> こうえん に いって、とり を みた。- I went to the park so I saw the birds.\n\nI think we can interpret this sentence in this way too, because maybe I can't\nsee birds on other place so I have to go to the park to see them.\n\nnegative form: なくて\n\nFor emxaple:\n\n> こうえん に いかなくて、えいがかん に いった。- I didn't go to the park so I went to the cinema.\n\nAs we see it is possible and correct negate only one verb (no matter which\none)\n\n * **expressing the means of the action by/with action:** in this case the actions overlapping each other. So an action express how to do another action.\n\n[ do B action by/with A action ]\n\nFor example:\n\n> はしって えき に いった。- I went to the station by running.\n\nnegative form: ないで or ずに\n\nFor example:\n\n> はしらないで えき に いった。- I went to the station without running.\n\nAs we see it is possible and correct negate only one verb (no matter which\none) in this case too.\n\nOf course we can use て-form connecting not just verbs, but:\n\n * **we can connect clauses** , in this case the negative form: なくて\n\nFor example:\n\n> それ は ペン じゃなくて えんぴつ です。- That isn't pen, but pencil.\n\nSource:\n\n[tofugu.com](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/verb-te-form-linking/),\n[japanistry.com](https://www.japanistry.com/the-te-form/), [Eric's Nihongo\nLessons #1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVuW4X2At-w), [Eric's Nihongo\nLessons #2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mSXk4cj-nRs),\n[imabi.net](https://www.imabi.net/theparticlete.htm)\n\nIf there is no objection I will accept my own answer in within few days.",
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| 83919 | 83964 | 83964 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In「である」、my previous understanding was that the「で」functions the same way as the\n\"method/means\" particle「で」by making **everything** that came before it\nattached to「で」and that「ある」is just regular「ある」just like usual.\n\nHowever, I have been told elsewhere that this「で」is a copula. This begs the\nquestion as to why it is _before_ 「ある」。 Furthermore, whenever I see a chart of\nです conjugations, I don't see「で」on it. So, is the「で」functioning as a copula for\nthe preceding portion of its clause? If so, then why is it not「だ」？\n\nI also have a comprehensive Japanese Linguistics book here, but its\nexplanation (while extremely thorough like a legal text) does not describe how\nit works.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-27T21:56:28.203",
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"id": "83920",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"copula"
],
"title": "Grammatically, how does「である」work?",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "Broadly, で is just the conjunctive form of だ・です, as in \"`[statement 1]` is,\nand `[statement 2]`\". The ある after that, if used to end the sentence, is just\nthe copular ある: \"is, am, are, will be\" etc. This kind of usage is rather\nstuffy and formal, and archaic.\n\nIn most cases in modern Japanese, you'll see である _not_ at the end of a\nsentence, but in cases where the \"is-ness\" of whatever came before is used\n_attributively_ to modify something else. 犬【いぬ】だ \"[it] is a dog\" →\n犬【いぬ】[で]{●}[あ]{●}[る]{●}動物【どうぶつ】 \"the animal **that is** a dog\". So one way of\nthinking about である is as the 連体形【れんたいけい】 or **attributive** form of だ・です.",
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| 83920 | null | 83942 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83955",
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"body": "I was recently corrected from using 誰でも→誰にも in this sentence:\n\n> それは決して否定できないことであって、（誰にも〇・誰でも？）分かる自明の理。\n\nWhat's the difference between the two? This [HiNative\npost](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/67111) says that 誰でも is usually used\nfor affirmation while 誰にも can be used for either affirmation or negation.\nHowever, the above sentence does use 誰でも with an affirmative sentence. Does\n誰にも simply sound more natural? If so, why?\n\nAlso, does this mean 誰でも can never be used with negation? Would a sentence\nlike「誰でもできないこと」be wrong?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-27T22:01:17.673",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "Usage of 誰でも and 誰にも",
"view_count": 585
} | [
{
"body": "I asked my wife, a native speaker about your question, and she agreed with\nyou. She said 誰でも is actually correct in your original sentence because it is\naffirming (肯定文) in your statement. 誰にも, on the other hand, would imply the\nopposite, a negative statement (否定文), and hence sounds strange in that\ncontext. 自明の理 requires agreement, something that is known by everyone.",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-30T04:19:56.593",
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| 83921 | 83955 | 83955 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83954",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm wondering what's the natural way to say \"I have X\" in Japanese where X is\nan inanimate object? Can I say「僕は、Xを持っている。」or「僕には、Xがある。」?\n\nAlso, is it weird to use には in the second sentence? Is it true that には, if\nplaced after person, emphasizes a person’s attributes, not what a person\nphysically has?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-28T06:54:38.630",
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"id": "83924",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the natural way to say \"I have X\"",
"view_count": 249
} | [
{
"body": "「僕は、Xを持っている」 works well. 「僕には、Xがある」 implies X is difficult to separate from\nyou. E.g. you can say 僕には、ほくろがある but not 僕は、ほくろを持っている (unless you sliced it\noff...).\n\nSimilarly, 「僕は、今お金を持っている」would usually mean you have money on your person\nright now, whereas 僕には、今お金がある would mean you are rich currently (but it says\nnothing about if you have that money on you right now).",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 83924 | 83954 | 83954 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "The folllowing sentence is an excerpt from the NHK easy article:\n\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012832221000/k10012832221000.html>\n\nI've provided the preceding clause for more context.\n\n「ヨコヅナイワシ」は、他の魚に食べられることがなくて、駿河湾の深い海にいる魚などの関係の中で、一番上の魚だということもわかりました。\n\n研究グループは「ヨコヅナイワシ」が深い海の底の近くをゆっくり泳いでいる所 **も** テレビに撮りました。\n\nMy understanding of も is that it is the non-logical reverse particle of は in\nthe sense that it also marks the topic of the sentence, and states that\nwhatever comments are made about the も topic are the same about the preceding\ntopic. But the preceding topic in the 2nd clause is 研究のグループ?\n\nI translated the sentence as:\n\nThe research group also took video footage of the location where the Yokozuna\nfish were swimming slowly, near the bottom of the deep sea.\n\nThis sentence sounds weird to me and I don't think I really grasp も (it's the\nparticle I struggle with the most). Any suggestions?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-28T08:01:35.477",
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"id": "83925",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-も"
],
"title": "What is the function of も in this sentence?",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "Actually, 「ところ」in this context doesn't mean \"place\" as you translate it. It\nmeans something to the effect of \"matter\" or \"fact\". [デジタル大辞泉（小学館）\ngives](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D/):\n\n> 事柄。内容。こと。\n\nTo put it in English (borrowing from Jisho.org):\n\n> thing; matter\n\nAnd it is usually written in kana, not kanji, as seen in your source. I see in\nyour transcription you put it in kanji 「所」, but the original text actually\nhas「ところ」.\n\n「も」tells us the thing mentioned was done in addition to something else. Set\nback into context, the meaning of the sentence becomes clear. What did the\nresearch group do besides shooting a video of the fish swimming? They caught\nfour of them.\n\nIf you look at the original, pre-simplified report, this part is actually\npretty unambiguous. (Just click on\nthe[「普通のニュースを読む」](https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210125/k10012832221000.html)button\nat the bottom)\n\n> また、研究グループは、深海に設置したカメラで、1メートルを超える「ヨコヅナイワシ」が、海底付近をゆっくりと泳ぐ姿の撮影にも成功しています。\n\nA translation of the simplified sentence runs something like this:\n\n> [In addition to catching four of them] The research group also shot a video\n> of ヨコヅナイワシ swimming slowly near the bottom of the deep sea.",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-28T08:54:34.143",
"id": "83929",
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| 83925 | null | 83929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83931",
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"body": "So the ～にすぎない grammar is used when you mean something doesn't get past some\n(high) level. Can I use it to mean something doesn't get too low, in a phrase\nsuch as 「自分の国の冬は、低温が15度に過ぎない。」? (meaning, the minimum temperature never goes\nunder 15 degrees)",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-28T08:36:06.573",
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"id": "83927",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can I use ～にすぎない for something not getting past some (low) level?",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "You seem to be asking whether or not `に過ぎない` can be naturally used to express\nthe _lower bound_ of something. The answer to this is no, for multiple\nreasons.\n\nFirst of all, when talking about exceeding/going past something specific, you\nwant `を過ぎる`, but even then `過ぎる` means something closer to English's `go past`\nthan it does `exceed`. You can see examples\n[here](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%82%92%E9%81%8E%E3%81%8E%E3%82%8B),\nbut it's most often used for passing by or through something, either\ntemporally (such as passing your peak) or physically (such as passing a car).\nThe closest example I can find to what you are trying to do is a webpage\n[here](https://www.jalan.net/yad355902/blog/entry0001028385.html?targetPgId=USW3512)\nthat says `マイナス５度を過ぎると。。。`, but I am fairly certain this only works because\nthe negative number is in some sense growing in size - a little like English's\n`get past negative 5`. `を過ぎる` cannot generally be used to talk about something\ndecreasing or being lower.\n\nSecond of all, `に過ぎない` is a set phrase meaning something like `to be nothing\nmore than`. This is touched on briefly\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/56300/are-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-and-%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-synonymous-\nor-is-there-some-connotation) and you can also see examples\n[here](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84&ref=wl),\nbut the point is that `15度に過ぎない` doesn't mean `doesn't go past 15 degrees`, it\nmeans `a mere 15 degrees`. Note that `過ぎる` can (as you may know) also be\nattached to verbs and is used in several other set expressions.\n\nAll that said, for talking about a value that a temperature doesn't get higher\nthan, I would in general use\n[超える](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%82%92%E8%B6%85%E3%81%88%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\nwhich is a lot like English's `exceed`. For talking about a value that a\ntemperature doesn't drop below, your best choice is probably\n[下回る](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E4%B8%8B%E5%9B%9E%E3%82%8B).\n[上回る](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E4%B8%8A%E5%9B%9E%E3%82%8B) is also fine\nin place of `超える`.",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 83927 | 83931 | 83931 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "84017",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "We have:\n\n * 一羽 いちわ\n * 二羽 にわ\n\nbut it seems the pronunciations of the counter for 3 and 4 are irregular. In\neach case, are both pronunciations acceptable, or we must use the former?\n\n * 三羽 さんば、さんわ\n * 四羽 よんば、よんわ\n\nSimilarly, the counts for 6, 8, and 10 also seem to be irregular.\n\nShould we memorize these by rote? Or is there a rule/pattern that can help us\nmemorize these?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-28T08:40:36.533",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"counters"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of bird counters: 三羽 and 四羽",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "(I am posting an answer to my own question here. Please correct me if I am\nwrong.)\n\nAccording to this page ([羽: COUNTING BIRDS, BATS, and BUN-\nBUNS](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/japanese-counter-wa/)), both\npronunciations can be used.\n\n> * 3 BIRDS: さんわ VS さんば:\n> * Both さんわ and さんば are common. In the case of the idiom 三羽烏 (さんばがらす),\n> meaning a \"distinguished trio,\" the reading is always ば.\n> * 4 BIRDS: よわ VS よんわ VS よんば\n> * While よんわ is the most common pronunciation, よんば is listed as the\n> preferred reading in the NHK Accent Dictionary. It's unlikely you'll run\n> into よわ, which is becoming archaic.\n>",
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"creation_date": "2021-02-02T18:16:07.393",
"id": "84010",
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{
"body": "As a non-Japanese-teacher, I think neither form is immediately wrong, or I can\nrather say that it mostly depends on personal preferences (disclaimer: I don't\nknow if JLPT says otherwise :P).\n\nEtymologically, the counter 羽【わ】 was は in its older form, obviously cognate\nwith 羽【はね】 \"wing\". Unlike most counters, this short piece of word was easily\naffected by the phonological change that also impacted the pronunciation of\ntopic particle は. Therefore, there is a disagreement among today's speakers on\nwhether the base form of the counter is わ or は.\n\ncount | always わ | \"weakened\" は \n---|---|--- \n一羽 | いちわ | いっぱ (rare) \n二羽 | にわ | にわ \n三羽 | さんわ | さんば \n四羽 | よんわ / よわ (rare) | よんわ / よんば† \n五羽 | ごわ | ごわ \n六羽 | ろくわ | ろっぱ \n七羽 | ななわ | ななわ \n八羽 | はちわ | はっぱ \n九羽 | きゅうわ | きゅうわ \n十羽 | じゅうわ | じっぱ / じゅっぱ‡ \n \nSpeakers can freely choose either series, or even mix them as they like, and\nit does not hinder communication.\n\nSimilarly we have another counter\n[把【わ】](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%8A%8A_%28%E3%82%8F%29/) \"bundle\nof\" in the exactly same situation, where NHKアクセント新辞典 only lists ～わ except 十把\nじっぱ/じゅっぱ for some reason, so this seems really a matter of discretion.\n\n* * *\n\n† よん + h- usually does not trigger rendaku, because よん is originally a\nreplacement of native よ- or on'yomi し. So this is actually irregular. \n‡ Japanese teachers may not be pleased.",
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"creation_date": "2021-02-03T08:22:20.513",
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| 83928 | 84017 | 84017 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83943",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I just heard the term 「口ばっか大臣」in『荒ぶる季節の乙女どもよ』.\n[Story](http://anicobin.ldblog.jp/archives/55861180.html)\n\n> 菅原：体だけで見られてたって…今はかまわないです。だって…性欲と感情は切り離せないものだから \n> 和紗：ちょ…ちょっと待って！男子は性欲と感情を切り離して考えるって、菅原氏言ってた！確かに言ってた！ \n> 菅原：だから、 **私は口ばっか大臣だったの**\n\nIt seems another similar term「口だけ大臣」is also in use. I may be under the wrong\nimpression they were idiomatic phrases. Are these terms idiomatic? If they are\nwhere did these terms come from? Who were the terms first used to talk about?\n\nTwitter has a lot of similar tags pointing to 安倍晋三 (examples:\n[1](https://twitter.com/hashtag/%E5%8F%A3%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3),\n[2](https://twitter.com/hashtag/%E5%8F%A3%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E7%B7%8F%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3)),\nwhich is understandable since he is the longest-serving prime minister in\nJapanese history and the most recent ex-prime minister. But some online\narticles seem to point to [西村康稔](https://ameblo.jp/nagisa-\nslot/entry-12598090234.html).\n\nBut if this is just an idiosyncratic expression, why does she say 「大臣」? Is it\na (obscure) historical reference?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-28T10:14:14.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83930",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-01T11:56:52.253",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-28T21:36:49.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Where did the terms 「口ばっか大臣」「口だけ大臣」come from?",
"view_count": 210
} | [
{
"body": "～大臣 is sometimes used as a humorous metaphor for someone in charge of\nsomething in a group. Perhaps quite a few Japanese people have heard the\nphrase 掃除大臣 (a pun on 総理大臣), who is someone in a family/office who is in\ncharge of cleaning. But this is a recurring joke at most, and I don't call it\nan idiom. As for 口ばっか大臣, it is instantly understandable as a joke (politicians\nare often 口ばっか), but it is just an idiosyncratic expression, as goldbrick said\nin his comment.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T02:26:16.923",
"id": "83943",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T03:44:04.947",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 83930 | 83943 | 83943 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "84072",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this example about \"けど\":\n\n> 野菜{やさい}は好{す}きじゃないだけど体{からだ}にいいから食{た}べる。\n\nThis example feels wrong to me because the \"だ\" before \"けど\" doesn't have to be\nthere; indeed there is already \"じゃない\". Can someone can confirm that for me?\n\nBy extrapolating is it true that putting \"だけど\" (or ですけど、だが、ですが) instead of\n\"けど\" (or が) after a \"conjugated\" adjective (しずかだっただけど...,しずかじゃありませんだけど...,\nおもしろくないだけど..., おもしろかっただけど..., おもしろかったですだけど...) is wrong ?\n\nThanks you in advance for your help !",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-28T13:59:02.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83932",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T13:19:39.030",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-28T17:18:01.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "39148",
"owner_user_id": "39148",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "けど・が with \"conjugated\" adjective",
"view_count": 863
} | [
{
"body": "So to close this topic, and tanks to the comment below and the advises of my\njapanese teacher, I can confirm you that you d'ont have to add a \"だ\" or a \"です\"\nbefore \"けど\" or \"が\" when used after an adjective already combined with a\ncoppula.\n\nFor exemple, this is right :\n\n * しずかですけど...\n * しずかだったけど...\n * しずかじゃありませんが...\n * おもしろくないけど...\n * おもしろくありませんでしたが...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-02-06T13:19:39.030",
"id": "84072",
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}
]
| 83932 | 84072 | 84072 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83936",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From: No Game No Life (Anime) ep1 06:33.\n\nContext: The main character is explaining the difficulty of Chess.\n\n> 無量大数以上の局面をすべて把握でき **ればだ**\n\nI've never seen this ればだ construction before. Can somebody explain what's\ngoing on here? The official translation is \"one has to be capable of\ngrasping...\", but I'm not sure how they got that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-28T14:04:54.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83933",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T02:43:52.717",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"anime"
],
"title": "Understanding「把握できればだ」",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "This ればだ is just the ～ば conditional attached to できる and then ended with copula\nだ. I'm sure there was some context before this which would help us understand\nthe second half of that conditional.\n\nSo without the だ, you would just have a first half of the conditional:\n\n> 無量大数以上の局面をすべて把握できれば \n> If you can grasp the incredible number of possibilities of the board [...]\n\nBut with だ, this would be a rough translation:\n\n> 無量大数以上の局面をすべて把握できればだ。 \n> That is, if you can grasp the incredible number of possibilities of the\n> board.\n\nEven in english, this sentence cannot stand alone. You need more context. I've\nadded the line before that to the sentence:\n\n> 原理上、 **明確な必勝法がある** 。 **無量大数以上の局面をすべて把握できれば** だ。 \n> Theoretically there is a surefire way to win. That is, if you can grasp the\n> incredible number of possibilities of the board.\n\nBy reversing the order of these sentences and adding the bolded parts, you get\na full conditional, albeit less emphatic than it was before:\n\n> 無量大数以上の局面をすべて把握できれば、明確な必勝法がある。 \n> Only if you can grasp the incredible number of possibilities of the board,\n> there is a surefire way to win.\n\nWhich would make sense, because if you memorized all the possible situations\nof chess, there is no way you would lose.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-28T17:46:35.710",
"id": "83936",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T02:43:52.717",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "21657",
"parent_id": "83933",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 83933 | 83936 | 83936 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83944",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand that いて is the て form of いる but I'm not 100% sure what exact\npurpose it serves in the following sentence:\n\n> \"こんな私でも奥さんにしてくれる人がいて...今本当に幸せなの\"\n\nAny help would be much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-28T16:21:34.033",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83935",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T02:51:19.660",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-28T16:42:02.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "40207",
"owner_user_id": "40207",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of いて in this sentence?",
"view_count": 232
} | [
{
"body": "It is the て form ofいる (to exist). I think it is used here to connect the\nphrases",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T02:51:19.660",
"id": "83944",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "40315",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 83935 | 83944 | 83944 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I went upon some adverbializers that turn the adjective they follow into an\nadverb, but don't figure out if there is any rule, such as whether one\nparticular particle (e.g. と, に) is used with one particular type of adjectives\n(e.g. い adjectives, た adjectives).",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-28T17:54:28.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83937",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-30T14:46:15.343",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-29T20:42:52.923",
"last_editor_user_id": "41663",
"owner_user_id": "41663",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"adjectives",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Adverbializers of adjectives in Japanese (に, く, と)",
"view_count": 221
} | [
{
"body": "(Synthesizing answers from the comments)\n\nAlthough there are exceptions:\n\n〜な adjectives are commonly adverbialized by に.\n\n〜い adjectives are commonly adverbialized by く.\n\n〜たる adjectives are commonly adverbialized by と.\n\nAdverbializers like と can also be used to emphasize the adverbial nature of\nadverbs.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T20:32:50.330",
"id": "83951",
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"owner_user_id": "41663",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 83937 | null | 83951 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is a sentence that I encountered in a grammar exercise book.\n\n> 当分はアルバイトをしながら、自分に **向いた** 仕事を探すつもりだ。\n\nI am puzzled with the choice of the past tense 「向いた」. (Unfortunately the\ngrammar point for the sentence is not about the use of 向いた so I have to find\nan explanation elsewhere.)\n\nI have learned (from みんなの日本語中級I) that the past tense of a verb Vた is\nequivalent to Vている when:\n\n 1. the verb modifies a noun, and\n 2. if the verb refers to an action that took place in the past whose effect remains.\n\nFor instance, 眼鏡をかけた人＝眼鏡をかけている人＝a person who wears glasses.\n\nIs 向いた an example of the above usage of the past tense of verbs? It doesn’t\nseem so to me. If not, what is the explanation for the choice of the past\ntense?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T05:13:07.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83945",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T06:18:07.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "38770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"tense",
"modification"
],
"title": "Verbs in the past tense as modifiers",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "You're right in that both ～ている and ～た can be used for descriptions/to modify\nnouns, and the two are pretty interchangeable. In relative clauses, past tense\ncan be neutralised (see Flaw's comment -> [\"太ってる猫\" vs\n\"太った猫\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3361/%e5%a4%aa%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6%e3%82%8b%e7%8c%ab-\nvs-%e5%a4%aa%e3%81%a3%e3%81%9f%e7%8c%ab))\n\nReally, there isn't much difference semantically speaking between:\n\n向いている仕事 向いた仕事\n\nI think this is just a case of getting used to the way Japanese phrases things\nthings/Japanese grammar.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T06:18:07.797",
"id": "83946",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T06:18:07.797",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "32713",
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}
]
| 83945 | null | 83946 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let's say there is a building with six flags on the roof.\n\nThe flags are on small poles/sticks that can be carried by a person.\n\nThe rectangular flag itself makes me think of 枚 while the pole makes me think\nof 本.\n\nMaybe there is a unique word for flags.\n\nWhat is the appropriate measure word to use here ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T12:25:21.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83947",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-31T10:12:54.080",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-30T03:29:14.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"counters"
],
"title": "What is the measure word for a flag (on a pole/stick)?",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "According to [数え方単位辞典](https://www.sanabo.com/kazoekata/ct_ha/ha/hata/), you\ncan count it by 一本{いっぽん}、一枚{いちまい}、一流{ひとなが}れ、一旒{いちりゅう}、一棹{ひとさお}.\n\nThey also explain\n\n> 旗はポールに掲げられると「本」で数えます。 1本のポールに複数の旗が掲げられた場合は「枚」で数えます。 古くは「流れ」「旒 (ç) 」「棹 (さお)\n> 」などでも数えました。\n\nIf several flags on one pole, you can count 『枚』. Usually,『本』for one flag on\none pole. I understand 棹{さお} for counting it, but hard to count by the other\nold format : 流{なが}れ, 旒{りゅう} since never seen them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-30T13:09:30.757",
"id": "83958",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-31T10:12:54.080",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-31T10:12:54.080",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 83947 | null | 83958 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83953",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Though my wife's two pregnancies, I've struggled to describing how much time\nhas passed. Usually, I just revert to just saying how many months she's been\npregnant, but in English there are other ways of measuring time in relation to\npregnancy that are both more and less precise. I'll list these from least to\nmost controversial (in my mind).\n\n**Months** - I usually use this form of measurement, because I feel the least\nawkward about it. Saying 妊娠8ヶ月 feels alright to me, but is this a normal way\nto phrase it?\n\n**Weeks** - Is it normal for a Japanese person to refer to how long an\nindividual has been pregnant in the number of weeks? (i.e. `She's 34 weeks\npregnant`) For some reason, saying something like 妊娠34週 just feels weird and\nclunky to me.\n\n**Trimesters** - Let me define what I mean for any Japanese people unfamiliar\nwith the concept. In American English, and likely for all English speakers\n(though I am not sure), a pregnancy is divided into three parts called\ntrimesters. The first trimester is from conception to 3 months pregnant, The\nsecond trimester is 4-6 months pregnant, and the third trimester is from 7\nmonths pregnant to birth. Using this unit of measurement, an English speaker\nwould say something like: `She's in the third trimester.`\n\nUnfortunately, trimester also refers to a school year divided into three parts\nrather than the standard two. This makes things harder for me to research, and\nI have never been able to refer to find a satisfactory answer. My way around\nthis is to say:\n\n> 最初/間中/最後の三ヶ月\n\nHowever, that just feels kind of awkward to me, so I defer to just saying how\nmany months pregnant she is. I can't but help but feel like I'm missing\nsomething here.\n\nFrom what I can tell, the concept of trimesters doesn't exist. Is that really\nthe case, or is there another way that pregnancy is measured that I'm just not\naware of?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T15:45:32.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83948",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T21:27:58.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How do the Japanese refer to passage of time in pregnancy?",
"view_count": 216
} | [
{
"body": "I'd say ヶ月 is the most common. 初期、安定期、臨月 etc. is pretty common, too, but it\nimplies pregnancy is the main theme of that conversation (as opposed to just\nmentioning it in passing).\n\nIf you say 週 one would assume you are discussing medical topics (it'd be a tad\nodd if you use it outside of that context).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T21:27:58.757",
"id": "83953",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T21:27:58.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "83948",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 83948 | 83953 | 83953 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83952",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the famous 1952 film 生きる ( _Ikiru_ ), the government-office employees\nfrequently use 僕 to refer to themselves (even the female character used it).\nBased on [this understanding of\n僕](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/36844/could-i-\nuse-%e5%83%95-to-refer-to-myself), 僕 is basically a pronoun which boys use;\nbut that doesn't explain this frequent use in an office. [This formal\ndefinition](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%83%95_%28%E3%81%BC%E3%81%8F%29/#jn-203330)\nmentions a social status element (\"対等またはそれ以下の人に対して用いる。\") but isn't very clear\non exact situations.\n\nIn what situations would 僕 be used outside the context of boys? In what\nprofessional or social situations would it be appropriate and natural for an\nadult man to use, as opposed to 私?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T20:29:53.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83950",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T21:23:34.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4382",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"pronouns",
"first-person-pronouns",
"context"
],
"title": "The use of 僕 by office employees",
"view_count": 361
} | [
{
"body": "僕 is not constrained by age, so it's perfectly fine for adult men to use it.\nUsing it in an office situation would be fine, too.\n\nIf you want to be very formal, you'd prefer 私, but if you know the counterpart\nto some degree it'd be fine to use 僕.\n\nUsing 僕 as a substitute for \"you\" is definitely age constrained (can only be\nused to someone maybe < 7 years old). This is however a special case (very\nyoung children often don't recognize 君 etc. but they know 僕, so if you say\nsomething like ぼく、どうしたの？ (what happened to you?), you imply they may not know\nwords like 君 yet).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-29T21:23:34.847",
"id": "83952",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-29T21:23:34.847",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 83950 | 83952 | 83952 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "86778",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Kanji | Jōyō | Jinmeiyō | Hyōgai \n---|---|---|--- \nShinjitai | 2127 | ? | 0 \nKyūjitai | 0 | ? | ? \nKokuji | 9 | 16 | 0 \nTotal | 2136 | 863 | ? \n \nI wonder if the above table is the exact concept of the use of Kanji in\nJapanese language. Can you help me fill the table correctly if the concept is\ntrue? By shinjitai I mean the formal one not extended and by Kyūjitai I mean\nboth traditional and simplified.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-30T11:09:59.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83956",
"last_activity_date": "2021-05-23T22:45:26.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41738",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"jōyō-kanji",
"kyūjitai-and-shinjitai"
],
"title": "How many Shinjitai and Kyūjitai characters are there?",
"view_count": 364
} | [
{
"body": "Drawing a line between concepts that are directly opposite to each other might\nbe helpful. In your single table, different classifications and concepts are\nmixed up, it might have more sense to have separated tables for each concern,\nwhere each table deals with one of such pair of opposite concepts. This would\nyield the following tables:\n\n * Shinjitai / Kyuujitai\n * Jōyō / Hyōgai\n * Kokuji / Kanji (where kanji means characters of Chinese origin, not the whole lot of kanji)\n * Jinmeiyō\n\nThat said, let's take a look at your numbers. I will answer only in regards of\nJōyō, Jinmeiyō, Hyōgai and Kokuji categories. I will not look at Shinjitai and\nKyūjitai. As [Leebo pointed\nout](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/83956/how-many-shinjitai-\nand-ky%c5%abjitai-characters-are-there#comment136271_83956), it would help if\nyou clarify what you mean by Shinjitai and Kyūjitai as well as what you mean\nby \"[confirmation that] the table is true is more important to me than the\nnumbers\" (as I see it, the table will be true as long as the numbers are\ncorrect).\n\nFor the answers below, I used\n[KANJIDIC2](http://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/KANJIDIC_Project) as the data\nsource for kanji by doing queries in jisho.org.\n\n## Jōyō\n\n * Jisho.org returns [2136 results](https://jisho.org/search/%23joyo%20%23kanji) for Jōyō kanji, like your source.\n * Jisho.org returns [9 results](https://jisho.org/search/%20%22\\(kokuji\\)%22%20%23joyo%20%23kanji) for kanji that are both Jōyō and Kokuji, like your source.\n\n## Jinmeiyō\n\n 1. Jisho.org returns [862 results](https://jisho.org/search/%20%22\\(kokuji\\)%22%20%23kanji) instead of 863 for Jinmeiyō kanji, so it seems there's a little discrepancy with your source.\n 2. Jisho.org returns [16 results](https://jisho.org/search/%20%22\\(kokuji\\)%22%20%23jinmei%20%23kanji) for kanji that are both Jinmeiyō and Kokuji, like your source.\n\n## Kokuji\n\n * Jisho.org returns [9 results](https://jisho.org/search/%20%22\\(kokuji\\)%22%20%23joyo%20%23kanji) for kanji that are both Jōyō and Kokuji, like your source.\n * Jisho.org returns [16 results](https://jisho.org/search/%20%22\\(kokuji\\)%22%20%23jinmei%20%23kanji) for kanji that are both Jinmeiyō and Kokuji, like your source.\n * However, Jisho.org returns [164 results](https://jisho.org/search/%20%22\\(kokuji\\)%22%20%23kanji) for Kokuji kanji! this means that there are (164 - 16) = 155 Kokuji kanji that fall into the Hyōgai category, which is a **remarkable difference** with your source.\n\n## Hyōgai\n\nIf Hyōgai kanji are \"non-jōyō kanji; kanji outside the common-use kanji list\"\n(see [this definition](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%96%E5%AD%97)),\nthen the Hyōgai column in your table is not providing new information and you\ncan figure it out directly from the Jōyō column, provided you know how many\nkanji are there in total, by calculating (Total - Jōyō) for each row.\n\nI didn't find a way to get the total count of kanji in Jisho.org, but anyway\n[the total amount of existing kanji depends on the authoritative source you\nlook at](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/11735/how-many-kanji-\ncharacters-are-there).\n\n## Updated table\n\nAll in all, and disregarding Shinjitai and Kyuujitai kanji, the updated table\n(updates shown in **bold** ) looks like this:\n\nKanji | Jōyō | Jinmeiyō | Hyōgai \n---|---|---|--- \nKokuji | 9 | 16 | **Total - 9** \nTotal | 2136 | **862** | **Total - 2136**",
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| 83956 | 86778 | 86778 |
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"body": "\"美味しいじゃん?\" and \"美味しいでしょう?\" No matter how I translate it in English it still\nmeans \"it’s delicious, right?\" So what’s the main difference between them\nboth? (I do know that \"でしょう\" in dictionary means \"probably\". But I heard you\ncan use it as \"right?\" In daily conversations)",
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"title": "Difference between じゃん and でしょ",
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{
"body": "美味しいでしょう is a natural and standard Japanese to say \"it’s delicious, right?\".\n(I'm not sure what you mean でしょう as probably so far.)\n\n美味しいじゃん? is basically the same but it's a colloquial form. But I can imagine\n\"it’s delicious, right?\" in the meaning of \"Please agree with me it's\ndelicious?\" or \"I'm very surprised it's surprisingly delicious, right?\" or\nprobably some other depending on intonations.\n\nIf you want to try to avoid being very rude ending with じゃん, I think you just\npronounce it just softly even in a casual situation.\n\nProbably this じゃん is used as recommending way. This book called 『[い~じゃん! J-POP\nだから僕は日本にやって来た](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%81%84-%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%82%93-J-POP-%E3%81%A0%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E5%83%95%E3%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AB%E3%82%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E6%9D%A5%E3%81%9F-%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3/dp/4822263193)』\nwritten by the guitarist called Marty Friedman :\n[マーティ・フリードマン](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sOU7F.png)",
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"body": "What's the difference between そして and そうして? Both mean 'and', 'and then' and\nare written with the same kanji. そして I've seen more often in texts, but そうして -\nonly a couple of times. Is the difference only in frequency of usage?",
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"title": "What's the difference between そして and そうして?",
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{
"body": "そうして means _in that way, as such, like that,..._ in English.\n\n例文： どうぞ、そうしてくだ下さい。 Yes, please do it so.\n\nSynonyms for そうして is そのようにして.\n\nそして was originally shortened form of そうして,\n\nbut in the present Japanese, そして has become conjunction.\n\n**そして cannot be used like そうして.**\n\nそして means _and, and then, thus,..._ in English.\n\n例文： 僕は宿題をしました。そして、買い物をしました。 I did my homework. And then, I went shopping.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Yq1Pj.png)\n\nThis is already answered question on Hinative.",
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"body": "Jumping straight to an example:\n\nあなたはずっと大切で忘れない\n\nDoes the ずっと belong only to 大切？ Or does it also belong to 忘れない? In other\nwords, does the sentence mean \"You are forever precious and I'll never forget\nyou\" or does it mean \"You are forever precious and I will not forget you\"?",
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"tags": [
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"title": "word before compound sentence",
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"body": "To clarify, using \"based off\" in a way that's citing inspiration for a\ncreation (vs. backing something up with a fact). I found にもとづいて, but I'm not\nsure if it's the most natural choice for the phrase.",
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"title": "How to say, \"I made/wrote this based off _____\"?",
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"body": "にもとづいて is the most direct translation of \"based on\". But providing more\ncontext on what you want to say might help, because it may sound too formal.",
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"body": "From what I understand, all three mean \"rather\", \"quite\", or \"somewhat\". When\nshould I use each one?",
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"title": "When to use 結構 (けっこう）vs なかなか vs かなり?",
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"body": "They are often times interchangeable, but of course there are some nuances\nthat can get you in trouble. If you look them up in a Japanese dictionary,\nthey are defined as follows (from <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/>):\n\n> 結構\n>\n> １ すぐれていて欠点がないさま。「結構な眺め」「結構なお点前 (てまえ) 」「結構な御身分」\n>\n> ２ それでよいさま。満足なさま。「お値段はいくらでも結構です」「サインで結構です」\n>\n> ３ それ以上必要としないさま。「もう結構です」\n>\n> ４ 気だてがよいさま。「一つ汲んで下されと、下々にも―に詞 (ことば) 遣ひて」\n\n 1. It's excellent and there are no drawbacks.\n 2. Fine. Satisfied.\n 3. Don't need more.\n 4. Feeling good.\n\n> なかなか\n>\n> １ 予想した程度を上回るさま。かなりなさま。「色もいいがデザインも中中だ」「―な技倆者 (やりて) だと見えるナ」〈魯庵・社会百面相〉\n>\n> ２ 物事が予想したようには容易に実現しないさま。「具体化まではまだ中中だ」\n>\n> ３ 中途半端なさま。また、中途半端で、いっそそうでないほうがましなさま。「げに―ならむよりは、いと良しかし」〈狭衣・三〉\n\n 1. More than expected. Pretty much. (Note the use of かなり, so very similar.)\n 2. Things don't happen as easily as expected.\n 3. Halfway. Also, (It's) halfway so it is better not to do that.\n\n> かなり\n>\n> 相当の程度まで行っているさま。また、相当の程度以上に達しているさま。「―な収入がある」「―な数にのぼる」\n\n(It has/You have) gone a considerable extent. Or, (It has/You have) reached a\nconsiderable extent or more.\n\nけっこう can be used about yourself, since you can go judge yourself to be\nexcellent or satsified with your work.\n\n```\n\n 私は料理は結構できます。\n I'm pretty good at cooking.\n \n```\n\nBut, this would sound strange or be a joke if you used なかなか.\n\n```\n\n 私は料理はなかなかできます。\n My cooking is better than I expected.\n \n```\n\nなかなか is used to express an upset in your expectations in other words, and you\nusually know what to expect from yourself.\n\nMeanwhile, I feel like かなり is the strongest of them all. It's like you have\nachieved a notable level at something. I feel like a considerable extent is\nbeyond just excellent or fine. And if I had to say, なかなか is less than 結構.\n\n 1. かなり (strongest)\n 2. 結構\n 3. なかなか",
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"body": "People say that the correct way to ask \"what do you like\" is なにがすきですか but if I\nuse すきはなんですか is that still consider grammatically correct? and will people\nraise an eyebrow at me?",
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"title": "Is this still valid すきはなんですか?",
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{
"body": "好き is an adjective, not a noun, so 「好きは何ですか」 is incorrect. If you really want\nto use this order, you can insert もの ('things') and say 「好きなものは何ですか？」'What are\nthe things you like?'\n\nEDIT: Now that I've thought some more, I have heard 好き used as a noun, but\nit's always referred to the general concept of liking things, not specific\nthings one likes. Thus 「好きは何ですか」would probably be taken as 'What is liking?'\nor 'What does it mean to like something?'",
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| 83966 | 83967 | 83967 |
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"body": "I translated this song a bit ago for practice and, looking at it again, I am\nwondering what 先 means here:\n\n> ゆるりと 春を愛づる日に\n>\n> 袖振り合う縁の先\n>\n> 私はあなたと出会った\n\nDo you think 先 means \"end of our relationship\" or \"start/future of our\nrelationship\" here? For context, the speaker ends up dying at the end of the\nsong (being killed by her lover no less), and so \"end of our relationship\"\nmight make sense.\n\nThe 袖振り合う bit comes from the 袖振り合うも他生の縁 proverb which means, \"Even a chance\nacquaintance (started by sleeves brushing by each other) is decreed by\ndestiny.\" The reason I didn't initially translate 縁 as destiny here was\nbecause of the context where the speaker is talking about her relationship (I\nthink it was used sort of like a play on words but I could be wrong.) Also,\nthe speaker sings えん, so 縁 is definitely either relationship or destiny, and\nnot edge or memento (this kanji is used for too many words :). I have a rough\ntranslation of this line, but I am not confident in it at all:\n\n> On a day when I leisurely admire spring,\n>\n> (it is) the end of our relationship sparked by sleeves brushing by each\n> other\n>\n> I met you by chance\n\nAnother thing that's tripping me up is the lack of particle after 先, so I'm\njust assuming that it is だ.\n\nOn the chance 縁 does mean destiny here, could the line mean something like:\n\nOn a day when I leisurely admire spring,\n\n(It is) the destination of (a) fate where our sleeves brush by each other,\n\nI met you by chance\n\nSo what is your take on this, there is every chance I have been staring at it\nfor too long and am completely off :) Also please note I am more interested in\nunderstanding the Japanese than making the translation pretty at this stage,\nso that's why its sort of a mess :)",
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"title": "What does \"の先\" mean in this line",
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{
"body": "So you know the aphorism : [袖振り合うも多生の縁](http://kotowaza-\nallguide.com/so/sodefuriaumo.html),\n\nAccording to 故事ことわざ辞典 in the link,\n\n> 袖振り合うも多生の縁とは、知らない人とたまたま道で袖が触れ合うようなちょっとしたことも、前世からの深い因縁であるということ。\n\nAlso English translation is\n\n> Even a chance acquaintance is decreed by destiny.（偶然に知り合うことも運命による）\n\nI think 袖振り合う縁の先 is described in the same sense and the situation is described\nas \"node\" or \"event\" retrospectively by the author. In other words, _\" the\nevent of sleeves brushing by each other\"_ is destined. This remind me of\n[\"Indra's net\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra%27s_net), Buddhist\nphilosophy.\n\nTo my interpretation, \" _ **(started by sleeves brushing by each other)**_ \"\nis bit off, it may not affects the interpretation of the lyric though. I want\nto interpret it in a more abstract way as \"node\" or \"event\" rather than\n\"start/future of our relationship\". I mean your interpretation sounds more\ndramatic and focused on the instant moment of ゆるりと 春を愛づる日に, but I think\n袖振り合う縁の先 is used as a metaphorical sense.",
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"body": "How do you say these. E.g. I cannot compare/compete with him。\n彼と比べらはできない/彼と比べられない/彼と叶わない? Not sure if 比べ is too literal for comparing to use\nin this case.\n\nWhat about \"This is no contest.\" これで競争できない？これは競争じゃない/がない？相手にはならない？",
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"title": "How to say \"cannot compare/compete with him?\"",
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{
"body": "There are a couple ways to say this.\n\n> 彼にかなわない\n\n「かなう」in this sense is written in kana or as 「敵う」. And the particle should be\n「に」, because this is obviously a directional compariso.\n\nSimilarly:\n\n> 彼に及ば{およば}ない\n\nIn addition:\n\n> 彼と比べものにならない\n\nand\n\n> 彼と比べることはできない\n\nalso work.\n\nYou can also say 「比較にならない」but \"he\" would have to be the subject.\n\n> (彼は) 私と比較にならないほど優秀な方だ。",
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"body": "If you want to shift the point-of-view to focus on them, you could describe\nthem/their ability with 無双・無敵・無比.\n\n> * 無双の美女 → Girl/Woman of unequaled beauty\n> * 無敵のチーム → An unbeatable team\n> * 天下無比の歌手 → An unmatched singer\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-02-05T20:36:36.240",
"id": "84057",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T20:36:36.240",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "83970",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 83970 | null | 83971 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "is 何に pronounced (1) なんに or (2) なにに here: お飲み物は何になさいますか。?\n\n(1) [www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU-hnuSM098](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU-\nhnuSM098) @0:20 provides evidence (NB: despite the possibly incorrect ローマ字\n(roumaji) found there and in the \"show more\" vocab list)\n\"お飲み物は何になさいますか。Onomimono wa nanni nasaimasuka?\"\n\n(2) but evidence from my Japanese keyboard's programming would suggest なにに is\ncorrect because 何に doesn't pop up if I type なんに.\n\nFinally, I thought even if it is なんに \"nan ni\", the mechanics of releasing the\nん to transition to the articulation of に necessarily produces a sound similar\nto なにに\n\nPlease let me know, which is correct? (and if possible with a grammatical\nexplanation to understand why) thank you all for your kind assistance!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-31T05:39:11.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83972",
"last_activity_date": "2023-06-21T19:08:41.130",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-31T06:35:50.027",
"last_editor_user_id": "39793",
"owner_user_id": "39793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"keigo"
],
"title": "contradictory evidence for 何に as (1) なんに and (2) なにに",
"view_count": 372
} | [
{
"body": "many sources indicate なにに is the preferred pronunciation of 何に in\nformal/polite/keigo sentences/situations and is, therefore, the preferred\npronunciation in the example sentence due to its very formal/polite grammar:\nお飲み物は何になさいますか?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-02-01T12:31:53.460",
"id": "83992",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-01T12:31:53.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39793",
"parent_id": "83972",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 83972 | null | 83992 |
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