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{
"accepted_answer_id": "83516",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「せやけどもう、こんな遠方のちまい拠点、労力使って潰さんでも、勝手にくたばり **よる** でしょ」\n\nHi. How should I understand (連用形+) よる? Is the 〜よる same as 〜している?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T12:28:08.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83515",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T13:04:08.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Help understanding (連用形+) よる",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "It appears to be 大阪弁 according to\n[Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B). It means\n\n```\n\n る、ている、\n ようとしている、\n ている最中\n ----\n る\n やがる\n \n```\n\nThis is the explanation of the etymology + usage:\n\n>\n> 「おる」の転。動詞の連用形に付いて、動作が進行中であること。第三者の行為や状態の表現。三人称の動詞全てにつけることができ、人間以外にも使われる。。。。「はる」や「やる」とは異なり、「～てよる」とは使わない。「～てよる」に代用される語は「とる」\n\nMy translation:\n\n> It is derived from おる. It attaches to a verb's 連用形 and means in the middle\n> of an action. It is used to describe the actions and states of the third\n> person. It can be attached to any verb involving the third person and can\n> also be used with non-humans.... It differs from はる and やる in that ～てよる is\n> not used. とる is used instead of ~てよる\n\nPart2:\n\n> 上項「よる」の転意。軽く卑しめる意味だが、親愛感情を含む場合もある。\n\n> Meaning derived from the よる in the previous paragraph. It has some mild\n> contempt in meaning, but it can also shows affection.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T13:04:08.233",
"id": "83516",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T13:04:08.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "83515",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 83515 | 83516 | 83516 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Japanese, I know you refer to your older sister as お姉さん and older brother\nas お兄さん. Something along those lines!\n\nBut I have 2 older brothers, and I want to change their contact names to\nJapanese, like \"Joshua\" to \"お兄さん\".\n\nBoth my brothers are similar in age, so to avoid confusion what would I change\nboth of their contact names to? If I were to change them both to お兄さん, it\nwould be hard for me to distinguish them. So what should I put?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T15:09:26.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83518",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T21:14:23.730",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-08T21:14:23.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "40480",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kinship-terms",
"informal"
],
"title": "Forms of address for multiple older brothers",
"view_count": 579
} | [
{
"body": "> like \"Joshua\" to \"お兄さん\".\n\nHow about 「ジョシュア兄さん」?\n\nE.g.\n\n[太郎]{たろう}[兄]{にい}さん [次郎]{じろう}[兄]{にい}さん \n[花子]{はなこ}[姉]{ねえ}さん モモコ[姉]{ねえ}さん",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-08T03:35:12.353",
"id": "83532",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T03:35:12.353",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "83518",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Since there is no real universal rule regarding how to distinguish two big\nbrothers or sisters in form of address, each family might have their own way,\nbut one common pattern is [nickname] + 兄【にい】/姉【ねえ】. The [nickname] is often\ntheir given name shortened into two morae long. The suffix also could be 兄\n**さん** , 姉 **ちゃん** etc.\n\nCalling senior siblings お姉さん or お兄さん originally comes from the traditional\nconcept that you should not refer to a senior person by their true name, so\nnowadays some families don't really care about it and just call each other\n[(nick)name] + くん/ちゃん.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-08T03:47:58.660",
"id": "83533",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T09:06:12.253",
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "83518",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 83518 | null | 83533 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83531",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have found several occurrences of ここは in several parts but they do not seem\nto have the meaning of \"here\" but I may be mistaken\n\n> 言っとくけど、私のスキルは半端ないわよ？本来なら、誰にでもホイホイと教えるようなスキルじゃないんだからね？ \n> やたら勿体を受けるアクアだが、教えてもらう立場なので **ここは** じっと我慢だ。\n>\n> But just you know, my skills are serious stuff. I don’t go around teaching\n> them to just anybody, got it ? There was Aqua, trying to make herself\n> important again -but since I needed her to teach me, I would just have to\n> tolerate it.\n\nsource: この素晴らしい世界に祝福を！",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T18:33:04.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83522",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T02:49:44.093",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-08T02:40:11.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "37097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"grammar"
],
"title": "meaning of ここは in the context",
"view_count": 227
} | [
{
"body": "As @LonelyDriver 's link also explains, ここ has meanings that are quite\nabstract, such as time and situation. This sentence refers to ここ in the latter\nmeaning. The weblio entry says:\n\n> ３ 話し手や周囲の人が現に置かれている状況や程度 \n> 3. The degree or situation that the speaker or people around the speaker is\n> in.\n\nSo, from this definition, a rough translation of your sentence might be:\n\n> ここはじっと我慢だ。 \n> This is a situation where I should just put up with her.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-08T02:49:44.093",
"id": "83531",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T02:49:44.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21657",
"parent_id": "83522",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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]
| 83522 | 83531 | 83531 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the following sentence:\n\n> 切符を買いたいんですが \n> I would like to buy a ticket.\n\nWhat is the usage of が?",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T19:07:16.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83524",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T20:14:52.697",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-07T19:12:02.540",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "30049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "が at the end of the sentence",
"view_count": 452
} | [
{
"body": "> _26.4.1.4_ Clause1 **ga**. ( . . . ) in unfinished sentences\n>\n> Sentences where S2 is left unsaid (implied) are commonly used, especially\n> for introducing requests, to test the listener’s reaction, but also to imply\n> that realization of S2 is not possible or realistic.\n>\n> a) ちょっとすみません **が**......。\n>\n> Chotto sumimasen **ga**......\n>\n> Excuse me.\n>\n> b) ちょっとお伺いしたいんです **が** 。\n>\n> Chotto o-ukagai shitai n desu **ga**.\n>\n> Could I ask you something?\n>\n> c) 覚えていないんです **が**......。\n>\n> Oboete inai n desu **ga**......\n>\n> I don’t remember.\n\nSource: Japanese: A Comprehensive Grammar. Routledge (2013)\n\nand\n\n<https://itazuraneko.neocities.org/grammar/donnatoki/ngyoudonnatoki.html#%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%8C>\n\nIf you want an explanation in Japanese",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T19:55:33.287",
"id": "83525",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T20:14:52.697",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-07T20:14:52.697",
"last_editor_user_id": "41270",
"owner_user_id": "41270",
"parent_id": "83524",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 83524 | null | 83525 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83530",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 三人はトゥーリが森に行く時のメンバーで、どうやらマインも森に連れて行ってもらったことがあるようだ。([source:\n> 本好きの下剋上](https://books.google.com/books?id=0M0NEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT220&lpg=PT220&dq=%22%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AF%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%81%8C%E6%A3%AE%E3%81%AB%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8F%E6%99%82%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%81%A7%22&source=bl&ots=DDGJFuAhfZ&sig=ACfU3U03ScmiA5s8f1rSrgejfppRiKNqhw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSs-\n> fp7YruAhUWCTQIHTYKBvgQ6AEwAHoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=%22%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AF%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%81%8C%E6%A3%AE%E3%81%AB%E8%A1%8C%E3%81%8F%E6%99%82%E3%81%AE%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%81%A7%22&f=false))\n\nI am curious how to think about the subject here トゥーリが. Because the verb\n\"with\" is not used here. Any one have any advice on how to interpret the\nsubject meaning in this case?\n\nI kind of get the meaning that Toule (not sure the spelling is correct) is one\nof the three members who went out to forest and who also somehow brought Main\nwith her.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T22:03:51.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83527",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T00:31:15.947",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-08T00:31:15.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "18331",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"subjects"
],
"title": "\"トゥーリが森に行く時のメンバー\"",
"view_count": 67
} | [
{
"body": "> 三人は[[トゥーリが森に行く時]のメンバーで]、どうやらマインも森に連れて行ってもらったことがあるようだ。\n\nRoughly speaking the sentence is to be parsed like this. Since it is only the\nfirst part of the sentence you are asking about, let's focus on that part at\nissue.\n\n> トゥーリが森に行く時\n\n\"when トゥーリ went to the forest\". トゥーリ is the subject of this action \"to go\".\n\n> トゥーリが森に行く時のメンバー\n\n\"people who were with トゥーリ when トゥーリ went to the forrest\" or \"teammates who\nwent to the forest with トゥーリ\".\n\n> 三人はトゥーリが森に行く時のメンバーで\n\nThose three were with トゥーリ when トゥーリ went to the forest.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T22:33:59.563",
"id": "83530",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T22:33:59.563",
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]
| 83527 | 83530 | 83530 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83529",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "迷子 is read as まいご, despite the on-reading of 迷 being めい (for example in\n迷惑（めいわく） ).\n\nWhy is that the case?\n\nI would assume that this is not a case of jukujikun.\n\nWhat I do find interesting is that the kun-reading of 迷 is まよ (as in 迷う),\nstarting with ま, so perhaps まい is a combination of めい and まよ? Though I have\nnever seen that before.\n\nOr maybe it comes from the い-stem 迷う 迷い? Though that would require both\ndropping the よ and irregularly attributing the い to the kanji 迷, which seems\nodd to me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T22:13:07.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83528",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T22:20:19.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"etymology",
"readings"
],
"title": "Where does the irregular reading of 迷子 come from?",
"view_count": 569
} | [
{
"body": "If you look 迷子 up in a monolingual dictionary, such as 大辞林 or 大辞泉 for example,\nit should include a note like まよいごの音変化 (sound change from mayoigo). So yes, it\nwas originally まよいご and changed over time.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-07T22:20:19.940",
"id": "83529",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-07T22:20:19.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20479",
"parent_id": "83528",
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"score": 9
}
]
| 83528 | 83529 | 83529 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83535",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've just started learning Japanese. And these sentences from Minna No Nihongo\nN5 book lesson 3, are confusing me.\n\n> What's the name of your school?\n\nRomanji: Gakku wa doko desu ka.\n\nIn my understanding, the statement is about asking \"Where is the school?\".\nSimilarly;\n\n> What company do you work for?\n\nKaisha wa dochari desu ka (given as answer) should mean \"Where is the\ncompany?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-08T08:46:40.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83534",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T10:51:47.830",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-08T10:51:47.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "521",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"questions"
],
"title": "Need to understand the use of どこ",
"view_count": 417
} | [
{
"body": "You're right that \"Gakkou wa doko desu ka\" literally means where is the\nschool, but in English if someone said \"where did you go to school?\" you\nwouldn't say \"second on the left from the butcher's\", you'd give the name.\nSame applies in Japanese.\n\nThe same applies to \"Kaisha wa dochira desu ka\". dochira has multiple\nmeanings, but in this case it's just a politer form of doko.\n\nPlease note the following typos in your question. They may just be slips, but\nI'm pointing them out in case you are actively learning them incorrectly:\n\n 1. romanji -> romaji\n 2. gakku -> gakkou\n 3. dochari -> dochira\n\nAlso, the sooner you make the switch from romaji to Japanese the better.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-08T10:48:35.193",
"id": "83535",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T10:48:35.193",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "83534",
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| 83534 | 83535 | 83535 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> 『ええ、もちろん。お手並み拝見 **といこう** かしら』\n\nHi. How should I understand the といこう? I know it comes from といく. What does it\nmean? And what is this grammar phenomenon of 「と+いく」?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-08T14:19:40.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83538",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-09T03:13:09.553",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-09T03:13:09.553",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How should I understand the といこう in お手並み拝見といこうかしら",
"view_count": 70
} | []
| 83538 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83540",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The title of the chapter in my book is:\n\n> まる子 うんをつく\n\nI know that this has something to do with Maruko being lucky but I don't\nunderstand precisely what is meant. Does Maruko have the inherent property of\nbeing lucky? Does Maruko get lucky as a one-off event? Something else?\n\nつく is one of those unpleasant verbs with a million and one different meanings.\nDoes it have a clear meaning in this case or should I just treat うんをつく as a\nset phrase?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-08T15:07:59.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83539",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-08T15:27:04.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Breakdown of 運をつく",
"view_count": 39
} | [
{
"body": "You are mentioning ちびまる子ちゃん, right?\n\nIf so, I guess \"「まる子ウソをつく」\" is correct. \nI guess your book is\n[this](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%E5%AD%90%E3%82%A6%E3%82%BD%E3%82%92%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%BB-%E3%81%95%E3%81%8F%E3%82%89%E3%82%82%E3%82%82%E3%81%93/dp/452242647X).\nIs this correct?\n\nThen, it is not \"うん\" but \"うそ\". ウソ{Uso} is similar to \"ウン{unn}\". These are\nconfusing but different.\n\nウソ{uso} is 嘘, \"lie\". \nSo, it is translated as \"Maruko lies\".\n\nI am very sorry if you were not mentioning ちびまる子ちゃん and \"ウソ\".\n\nBy the way, I have never seen the word \"うんをつく\", so I believe it must be a typo\nif \"うん\" was written in your book.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-08T15:21:36.507",
"id": "83540",
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| 83539 | 83540 | 83540 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83545",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm familiar with the construct:\n\n> _sentence_ + に違いない \n> surely/must be/no doubt that _sentence_\n\nSo in the sentence\n\n> 中身はケーキか焼き菓子のたぐいに間違いない。 \n> The contents must surely be of the cake or baked sweet kind (my\n> translation).\n\nI'm assuming that に **間** 違いない plays the same role.\n\nWhat is the difference between these constructs? My gut tells me that に間違いない\nshows more certainty that に違いない, but my gut is very unreliable when it comes\nto Japanese.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-08T17:23:13.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83542",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-09T03:20:34.933",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between に違いない and に間違いない",
"view_count": 742
} | [
{
"body": "[According to this\nthread](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/2582417.html#:%7E:text=%E3%80%8C%E3%81%AB%E9%81%95%E3%81%84%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95,%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AB%E4%BD%BF%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82)\nit seems to me that the majority of the answers say that に間違いない is a stronger\nversion of に違いない, while に違いない is closer to a personal \"sureness\". I'll\nparaphrase some of the answers for convenience.\n\nAccording to the top answer, に違いない means that the speaker came to a conclusion\nand is very sure that it is correct, but it is ultimately their own opinion.\nThere is a little uncertainty, but the speaker is very confident in what they\nare saying.\n\nに間違いない is described as a 100% certainty that there is nothing wrong with the\nstatement. It seems to describe a personal conclusion as well, but is a bit\nmore objective.\n\nOne of the other answers explains it like this:\n\n> 「?に違いない」は、１００％では無いがそれに近い場合の言い方です。言い換えると、『？にほぼ間違いない』となります。 \n>\n\nSo, に違いない ＝ にほぼ間違いない. \nI don't know if there is a maybe more nuanced difference between the two, but\nthis seems to be the general agreement on the internet. Some other sites like\nthis [HiNative page](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/4069372) say similar\nthings.",
"comment_count": 0,
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{
"body": "(One difference that I can think of right now is...)\n\n「～に違いない」は、確信の高い推測・推定を表すことができます。「～はずだ」と似た意味があります。\n\n> ◎「雨が降るに違いない。」（✕「雨が降るに間違いない。」） \n> ◎「犯人はこの男に違いありません。」 \n> ◎「中身はケーキに違いない。」（≂ 中身はきっとケーキだ。）\n\n「～に間違いない」は、証拠があって確信をもって断言・断定する表現です。証言するときにも使われます。\n\n> ◎「覚醒剤は私の物に間違いありません。」（警察に捕まった時に言う） \n> ◎「犯人はこの男に間違いありません。」（「面通し」などで）",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T03:03:16.990",
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| 83542 | 83545 | 83545 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83544",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that yobi means 'day' of the week and 'nichi' means 'date'\n\nI want to translate->\n\n> What day is it tomorrow?\n\nWhich is the correct translation? ->\n\n> 1. Ashita wa nan yobi desu ka?\n> 2. Ashita wa nan nichi desu ka?\n>\n\nCan both the words be used interchangeably?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-08T17:42:28.867",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"word-choice",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "How to differentiate between the usage of the words 'yobi'「曜日」and 'nichi'「日」?",
"view_count": 302
} | [
{
"body": "Asking for the day of the week:\n\n> 明日{あした}は何曜日{なんようび}ですか？\n>\n> What day (of the week) is it tomorrow?\n>\n> 明日は土曜日{どようび}です。\n>\n> Tomorrow is Saturday.\n\nAsking for the date:\n\n> 明日は何日{なんにち}ですか？\n>\n> What day (of the month) is it tomorrow?\n>\n> 明日は九日{ここのか}です。(九{きゅう} is nine but 九日 or 9日 has a special reading)\n>\n> Tomorrow is the ninth.\n\nSo both are valid depending on what exactly you're asking, but they _cannot_\nbe used interchangeably.",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-08T17:55:09.230",
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| 83543 | 83544 | 83544 |
{
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"body": "As a Japanese beginner I was familiar with the word Hashi for a while, today I\nlearned that another word for chopsticks is Otemoto.\n\nThis word is often written on chopstick wrappers. My guess is that it is more\nformal than Hashi ?",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-08T22:27:44.920",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kana"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between the following two words for chopsticks ? Hashi and Otemoto",
"view_count": 128
} | []
| 83546 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83550",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example, if I wanted to say:\n\n\"I thought it would be difficult.\" (Didn't attempt it, thought it seemed\ndifficult)\n\nIs there a way to translate this directly to japanese or am I limited to:\n\n「難しいと思った」(Attempted it and thought it was difficult)?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-08T22:52:19.150",
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"id": "83547",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is there a way to express \"would be\"?",
"view_count": 486
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, we'd normally translate it as:\n\n> 難しい **だろう** と思った。 I thought it would be difficult.\n\nCompare:\n\n> 難しいと思った。 I thought it was difficult. \n> 難しいと思う。 I think it is difficult. \n> 難しいだろうと思う。 I think it will be difficult.\n\n> \"I thought it seemed difficult.\"\n\nWe'd usually translate it as 「難し **そうだ** と思った。」 Compare:\n\n> 難しそうだ。 It seems difficult. \n> 難しそうだと思う。 I think it seems difficult.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T01:55:56.793",
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| 83547 | 83550 | 83550 |
{
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7UFvA.png)\n\nI'm watching a movie called A Long Goodbye and one of the characters asked his\ngrandfather to write \"Elizabeth\" in kanji. Obviously the grandfather, who\ndidn't know English, had a lot of difficulty in coming up with an answer.\nKanji is also not used for specific English words like names. So I'm really\ncurious about the answer/kanji he came up with.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T00:14:25.550",
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"id": "83548",
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"owner_user_id": "26813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Help me understand this kanji",
"view_count": 70
} | [
{
"body": "This is called ateji, using kanji to represent sounds where the meanings of\nthe kanji are irrelevant.\n\n> 襟{エリ}挫{ザ}邉{ベ}洲{ス}",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T00:26:42.363",
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| 83548 | null | 83549 |
{
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"body": "So, I watch a lot of anime but one scene in an anime called \"Jojo's Bizarre\nAdventure\" uses onomatopoeia very often, I'm trying to find out the meaning of\nthis one in particular\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uwdLY.png)\n\n(I don't know much about the Japanese language.)\n\nI tried looking it up on multiple different platforms but no luck. I'm trying\nto find out so I can understand the meaning in an upcoming project of mine. I\ncan't even tell if this is kanji!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T04:51:40.893",
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"owner_user_id": "41498",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"onomatopoeia",
"anime"
],
"title": "Does anyone know what this onomatopoeia means?",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "It's ドドン, a variant of [ドン](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3-1).\nSomething like this is very common in manga, but here katakana is used as a\nvisual effect in anime?",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T05:56:08.547",
"id": "83553",
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| 83552 | null | 83553 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83558",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know the grammar behind なにを思ったのか in the sentence\n\n> そしてダクネスの頭に、 **何を思ったのか** 石を投げつけそのままタルの中に身を隠した。\n>\n> Then she pitched a stone at Darkness's head and ducked down into the barrel.\n\nThe translated sentence does not seem to take into account 何を思ったのか.\n\nDoes the 何を思ったのか石 mean \"a stone or something I thought was a stone\" ?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T09:46:15.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83555",
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"owner_user_id": "37097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Grammar of なにを思ったのか",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "It is\n\n> そしてダクネスの頭に、( **彼女は** )何を思ったのか、石を投げつけそのままタルの中に身を隠した.\n\nThe part is translated as \"What did she think?\", \"I wonder what she thought\".\nThat is \"the speaker couldn't understand the reason why she pitched a stone at\nDarkness's head and ducked down into the barrel.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T12:16:17.307",
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| 83555 | 83558 | 83558 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83568",
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"body": "# 日本語\n\n> 32変数のd次方程式って32個があったら大抵変数を分かるようにできます。\n\nこの文を書いてたんですけど、間違えてたと思います。「何々が分かるようになる」を使えるのは分かりますが、「何々を分かるようにする」ってあってますか？僕の原因でそのことが分かるようになったみたいなことを言いたいです。\n\n# 英語\n\nFirst, for accurate context, a mathematically solid version thanks to\n@JansthcirlU:\n\n> Regarding polynomial equations in 32 variables of degree d, if we have 32 of\n> them (such equations) we can find the solution to that system of equations\n> containing them (find the values of each of the variables that satisfy the\n> system of equations containing them).\n\nIf possible I'd like to keep the current structure of the Japanese line (see\nthe Japanese version). It doesn't have to be in mathematics specific language.\nIn fact, I prefer to write it in plain language, so the roughly equivalent\nEnglish version which, albeit mathematically inaccurate, reflects the way I'd\nlike to say it in Japanese, is:\n\n> In terms of d-th degree polynomial equations with 32 variables, if we have\n> 32 of those equations, very likely we will be able to calculate the\n> variables.\n\nI would like to say the above sentence. I used \"solve\" in the English version,\nand I know I could use 「解く」, but I'd like to use this structure if\npossible「が分かるようにできる」. I understand that 「何々が分かるようになる」 works. But how should I\nuse「が分かるようにできる」to indicate that \" _we can make_ them clear\" and to imply it is\nan active process on _our_ part?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-09T09:57:24.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83556",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"transitivity",
"construction"
],
"title": "「が分かるようにできる」についての質問",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "趣旨からすると、おそらくこう言うのが一番適切なのではないかと思います。\n\n> 32変数のd次方程式だったら、32個あれば大抵すべての変数が求まります。\n\n数学の文脈では、「値を見つける」という操作を表す一番基本的な表現として「求める」を使います（これは中学生でも知っている意味です）。そしてこの用法から派生した「[求まる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%B1%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B/)」という動詞が、「値が算出される」という意味で数学ではごく普通に使われます。これは自動詞ですが、（数学の意味での）「求める」というのはそもそも「誰かが計算をする」という行為が前提にあるので、「計算した結果、解が分かる」という意味まで含んでいます。ちなみにより普通の日本語として「求められます」と言っても同じです。\n\n以下補足ですが、\n\n * 「～って」はここではあまり自然には聞こえません。「～って」を使う時は何か話し手に表現したい感情がある場合なので、最後に何らかのモダリティ要素（～でしょう、～ですか、～かも、～じゃん…）か終助詞が必要です。\n\n * 上の文で「～だったら」を使いましたが、これは条件というよりも、「～の場合は」と同じ意味になります。「～であれば」としてもいいですが、直後の条件節とかぶるとわかりにくいので、二つを違う表現にしました。",
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| 83556 | 83568 | 83568 |
{
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"body": "I have some difficulty understanding the construction とか言う気だろう\n\nContext: the protagonist is trying to learn a new skill and he is surprised by\nthe move made by his teacher.\n\n> ひょっとして、これが潜伏スキルだ **とか言う気だろう** か。\n>\n> ... Was that supposed to be the ambush (skill) ?\n\nThe part とか言う seems to refer to \"something like\" (By the way, I do not\nunderstand the だ just before)\n\nI have found some hints here\n\n[Meaning of this どうだとか言う\nconstruction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/60664/meaning-of-\nthis-%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8B%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86-construction)",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T10:33:16.530",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "grammar of とか言う気だろう",
"view_count": 201
} | [
{
"body": "With credit to\n\n@zareami10\n\nTo understand it better, read it as\n\n> とか言う+気+だろう\n\nNow とか言う indicates some degree of uncertainty about what's stated before it,\nthat is, これが潜伏スキルだ, and connects the whole phrase as a description of 気. You\ncan read 気 as \"intention\" here.\n\nAnd again we have だろう which adds yet another degree of\nsupposition/uncertainty.\n\nPut it all together with the か and you can see how it is translated as \"Was\nthat supposed to be\" + the sentence quoted by とか. (note that these are not\nlinguistically-valid terminology, and just used to clear things up)",
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| 83557 | 83560 | 83560 |
{
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"body": "> * 大学教授は[常]{つね}にたくさんの学生 **を相手に** している。\n>\n> * あんなくだらない男は相手にするな。\n>\n> * 「うふふ……じゃあ、士道くん **のお相手を** してあげようかしら」\n>\n>\n\nHi. I’m struggling with the difference between 「Aを相手にする」 and 「Aの相手をする」, for\nthey seem to have the same meaning. For example, it seems we can use 「Aを相手にする」\nand 「Aの相手をする」 interchangeably in the above sentences.\n\n> * 大学教授は[常]{つね}にたくさんの学生の相手をしている。\n> * あんなくだらない男の相手をするな。\n> * 「うふふ……じゃあ、士道くんをお相手にしてあげようかしら」\n>\n\nOr is there really any difference between 「Aを相手にする」 and 「Aの相手をする」?\n\nThank you.",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T16:30:05.983",
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"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Are 「Aを相手にする」and 「Aの相手をする」the same?",
"view_count": 327
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, they’re different, although there is some overlap in the meaning\n\n> 相手にする deal with; take someone on (in a match or competition)\n>\n> 相手にしない refuse to deal with; ignore;spurn\n>\n> 相手をする keep smb. company; entertain one’s guests\n\n(from 研究社新和英中辞典)",
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| 83559 | null | 83582 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83562",
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"body": "I've seen 「近代化{きんだいか}」or「近代化する」used to mean \"modernization\". I've also seen\n\"近代\" used to describe someone as \"modern\" (e.g. \"近代的な人\"). Obviously both words\nhave the root \"modern\" somewhere but I'm confused about the nuances and when\nto use one over another.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-09T19:38:27.100",
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"owner_user_id": "41505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 近代 and 近代化?",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "It seems you have understood\n\n近代 is modern\n\n近代化 is modernization\n\nThe meaning of the suffix 化 is change\n\nThe word 変化 means change, 強化 means strengthening, 悪化 means deterioration, 化学\nmeans chemistry,...",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-09T19:51:30.703",
"id": "83562",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 83561 | 83562 | 83562 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83567",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading the \"To the Little Ones\"\nstory([『小さき者へ』](http://www.suguru.jp/learn/chiisaki.htm)) and, I found this\nmark ―― between sentences, does it have a specific meaning, or as I thought,\nit's just for more space?\n\n> それは分らない事だが――父の書き残したものを繰拡げて見る機会があるだろうと思う。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-09T20:45:51.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83563",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-09T21:12:16.637",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41507",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"punctuation",
"literature"
],
"title": "Dashes in \"To the Little Ones\" 『小さき者へ』",
"view_count": 110
} | [
{
"body": "First off, the quote you gave is not the full sentence. The full sentence runs\nlike this:\n\n> お前たちが大きくなって、一人前の人間に育ち上った時、 **――** その時までお前たちのパパは生きているかいないか、それは分らない事だが **――**\n> 父の書き残したものを繰拡（くりひろ）げて見る機会があるだろうと思う。\n\nNote that there are two long dashes in this sentence.\n\n### The role of ダッシュ\n\nAs in English, Japanese has two kinds of dashes, both having come into the\nJapanese language through Latin alphabet based texts and become part of the\nmodern Japanese text, as indicated by its loanword-marked katakana name. The\nen dash (enダッシュ) is pretty much used the same way as in English and a lot of\nother languages: to show ranges of values, and to connect related names or\nconcepts, and it is used mostly in contexts where there is a lot of romaji or\nnumerals. As for the em dash (emダッシュ)\n\n> * 文と文の間、字句と字句の間に用いられて、時間の経過を表す。1\n> * 括弧のように、ダッシュの対で囲んで、説明や副題などを表す。\n> * 行頭に用いられて、引用を表す。\n> * 単語の後に用いられて省略を表す。\n>\n\nHere is another more detailed summary:\n\n> ダッシュ記号を用いる場面2\n>\n> * サブタイトルを表す時\n> * 話題を変える時\n> * 余韻を持たせる時\n> * カギ括弧で囲むほどではない語句を分離する時\n> * 時間的、空間的な経過を表す時\n> * 「〜から〜まで」という範囲を表す時\n>\n\nBasically:\n\n> * Used with a subtitle\n> * Marks a change of topic\n> * Shows that there are things unsaid\n> * Used to bracket words when they are too long to put in square brackets\n> * Used to show the passage of time or the traverse of space\n> * In a similar way to 「〜から〜まで」, shows ranges\n>\n\n### Dashes in this sentence\n\nWe can now see that in your specific case, the em dashes function to bracket\nwords when they are too long to put in square brackets. The narrator is\nwriting to his children in epistolary form. He interrupts himself and changes\nthe topic and the mood by saying, \"I don't know if I will be around when you\ngrow up.\" He prefaces this interjection with an em dash and ends it with\nanother one. In other words this is a parenthetical. This is actually quite\ncommon in literature.\n\n* * *\n\n### References:\n\n 1. [ダッシュ (記号)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5_\\(%E8%A8%98%E5%8F%B7\\))\n\n 2. [約物の表記ルールを理解する（約物の意味とは）](https://upwrite.jp/writing_professionals/prow6927678537)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-09T23:35:17.370",
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"score": 2
}
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| 83563 | 83567 | 83567 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From what I've seen, 「鳴く」refers to a cry different from 「泣く」, ie crying out in\nfear/anger/frustration and not a baby crying. I've also seen connotations of\nanimal sounds (barking, roaring).\n\nI've also heard「鳴る」be translated as \"ring\", like the ringing of a bell.\n\nAre these definitions accurate?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-09T21:33:35.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83565",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-10T05:02:57.227",
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"owner_user_id": "41505",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 「鳴く」and 「鳴る」?",
"view_count": 201
} | [
{
"body": "Generally, 鳴く is used for sounds from living things, 鳥が鳴く、犬が鳴く as 鳴る is used\nfor sounds from non-living things like 電話が鳴る.\n\nThere are exceptions, such as when using metaphorical expressions, but\nbasically, the above usage is fine.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-10T05:02:57.227",
"id": "83569",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-10T05:02:57.227",
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| 83565 | null | 83569 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "From ノーゲーム・ノーライフ\n\nContext: In the prologue, various urban legends are being listed\n\n> ──『都市伝説』。\n>\n> 世に囁かれる星の数にも届くそれらは、一種の『願望』である。\n>\n> ──例えばそれは、『人類は月に行っていない』という都市伝説。\n>\n> ──例えばそれは、ドル紙幣に隠されたフリーメーソンの陰謀。\n>\n> ──例えばそれは、フィラデルフィア計画による時間移動実験。\n>\n> 千代田線核シェルター説、エリア51、ロズウェル事件 **に** 、エトセトラ──\n\nロズウェル事件に ends in に for some unexplicable reason. There's no verb to attach it\nto or anything. I tried googling it, but nothing came up. Any ideas?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-09T21:39:15.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83566",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-09T22:07:09.303",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-09T22:07:09.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "41270",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "An unexpected に",
"view_count": 30
} | []
| 83566 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83574",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a sentence from Tobira's book ch11 読み物.\n\n> 江戸時代は約250年も続き、当時の江戸は世界中で一番人口の多い、独自の芸術文化が発達した清潔で文化レベルの高い都市だったと言われている\n\nThe part that confuses me is 独自の芸術文化が発達した清潔で文化レベルの高い都市. So far I know that you\ncan connect a sentence using the て form, using a relative clause with a\nunconjugated verb, or with the stem -masu form of a verb. But here we have\n独自の芸術文化が発達 **した** 清潔で, so is it modifying 清潔 which in turns links to 都市 or\n独自の芸術文化が発達した affects 清潔で文化レベルの高い都市 as a whole?\n\nIf I understand it correctly it translates to more or less: \"Edo was a clean\nand highly cultured city that developed an unique artistic culture\" but I\ndon't understand what grammar rule is being used here 発達 **した** 清潔で\n\nIn short, could someone help we divide this sentence by it's different\n\"adjectives\" and the grammar rules used to join each of them?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T07:45:27.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83571",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-10T09:26:49.917",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-10T09:26:49.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "39027",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Long relative clause grammar rules",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "I would parse it this way:\n\n> 当時の江戸は〔世界中で一番人口の多い〕、〔独自の芸術文化が発達した〕〔清潔で文化レベルの高い〕都市だったと言われている\n\n「世界で一番人口の多い」, 「独自の芸術文化が発達した」 and 「清潔で文化レベルの高い」 are relative clauses that\nmodify the noun 都市.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T09:24:41.373",
"id": "83574",
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]
| 83571 | 83574 | 83574 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83573",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I always feel like I have an identity crisis when I try to say \"I\" in\nJapanese.\n\nAfter reading so much about differences between the various pronouns I've\ngotten the impression that whatever one you use defines your perceived\nidentity. But is your pronoun choice really that significant?\n\nI get hung up on 俺｛おれ｝ vs 僕｛ぼく｝. I understand them as: the first being\n\"cooler\" and more assertive and the second being a safer option and more\nhumble\n\nBut does which one you pick really define your image that much? Or does the\nway you talk in general matter more, like picking 食｛く｝う over 食｛た｝べる\n\nI don't know exactly what I'm asking, I guess I'm just trying to get a feel\nfor how things are in real life vs how I understand it online. Like if you\npicked a pronoun that really doesn't suit you would people just subconsciously\nfeel kinda weird when they heard you use it or would they consciously think\n\"uhh, what the heck?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T08:10:51.323",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83572",
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"owner_user_id": "30841",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronouns",
"first-person-pronouns"
],
"title": "How much \"weight\" do personal pronouns have?",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "I am sure later a native Japanese speaker will give you a better answer, but\nlet me toss in my 二百円 first. It just so happens I have 二百円 to spare today.\n\nSo this is the rule of thumb I go by: when I need to be polite, for example,\nin online communication on a forum/site like SE, or with someone I have just\nmet, I use 僕 and make sure to err on the side of caution with 敬語. But when I\ntalk to people with whom I am on informal terms, I use 俺. When I write/talk\npolitely but quote myself or explain my thoughts, I use 俺 also. In really\nformal or professional settings, I stick with 私. I am pretty sure if I went\nタメ口 and 呼び捨て, going full 俺, with people I don't know well, I'd be thought of\nas 馴れ馴れしい which is usually not a good thing in a Japanese context.\n\nBut here is the thing, what comes with choosing a personal pronoun in Japanese\nis a personality, one that is accrued and all-encompassing. It is not like\nthere are only a handful of personalities on the shelf and you can assume a\nwhole set of personality simply by choosing a personal pronoun. It is not that\neasy. No, it is not like the beginning of a fantasy game where you are asked\nto pick a class: mage, warrior, cleric, etc. Your outward personality, your\nキャラ, is determined by any number of things: not just your first person pronoun\nchoice, not just your idiolect, but the way you talk and interact with people,\nthe way you do things, the way you make jokes and react to them, the way you\nact at work/school, and so on and so forth.\n\nIt is interesting you should mention identity crisis, because your identity is\nnot only determined by the pronoun you use, but also by a lot of other\nfactors. One of them is the fact that you are a non-Japanese, non-native\nspeaker. People may treat you more politely because of that. And you will be\nallowed more latitude in your use of the language. So even if your pick of the\nfirst person pronoun is intended for a certain effect or personality, it might\nnot always come across as intended.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T09:15:03.667",
"id": "83573",
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| 83572 | 83573 | 83573 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83577",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Hypothetically speaking, if こと is being used as a nominalizing suffix in the\nfollowing sentence:\n\n> その時々の課題をクリアすることに、全力で取り組んでいる間は、何も思い悩んだりせずにすむ。\n\nwould the above sentence be able to be re-written as the following?\n\n> その時々の課題をクリアに、全力で取り組んでいる間は、何も思い悩んだりせずにすむ。\n\nI'm asking this as I'm certain the こと is only there to nominalize the suru\nverb, which appears to be made of a noun-suru compound.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-10T09:43:01.500",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83575",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-10T10:05:43.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "Would removing the すること turn クリア back into a noun?",
"view_count": 64
} | [
{
"body": "No, this is not possible.\n\n課題をクリアする means \"to clear (succeed in solving) a problem\". It takes an object\n(marked by を）問題. This is clearly a transitive verb structure. If you try and\nchange it to a noun then you are left with 課題を and no verb to go with it.\n\nPerhaps you meant to ask about 課題 **の** クリアに. This would a least be\ngrammatical, but I think it is also nonsense. 課題をクリアすることに取り組んでいる means\n\"striving to clear (solve) the problem\". When you strive you strive to **do**\nsomething. It only makes sense to me that a verb is required.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T10:15:01.380",
"id": "83577",
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| 83575 | 83577 | 83577 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard this sentence in the anime Blue Exorcist: Kyoto Saga eps 2, I wonder\nif the word うち in the sentence is Kansai dialect or standard Japanese? I\nthought it was standard Japanese but I wasn't quite sure.\n\n> 虎子(女): はじめまして竜士の母です。いつも **うち** の坊がお世話になってます。\n\nCan you give me an example of how to tell the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T10:00:29.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83576",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "41459",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kansai-ben"
],
"title": "Is this Kansai dialect or standard Japanese: 「いつもうちの坊がお世話になってます。」",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "AFAIK うち in the sense of “my, our (household, company etc.)” is standard\nJapanese. Only the first person pronoun usage is dialectal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T15:41:25.493",
"id": "83581",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-10T15:41:25.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "3295",
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]
| 83576 | null | 83581 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83651",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Most of the time (?) a following dummy noun is required when the speaker wants\nto put a 用言 where a 体言 is expected, as shown by the sentence below:\n\n> できない **の** をできないというのに、不思議があるもんか。\n\nHowever, it seems that sometimes a 用言 on its own can function as a 体言, namely,\nwith no dummy noun added, such as:\n\n> わかるまで **待ってる** がいい。\n\n> できそうもない幾何の問題を持って **迫った** には冷や汗を流した。\n\nSo the question boils down to:\n\nWhen a 用言 is used as a 体言, in what case is the addition of a dummy noun 1)\nrequired, 2) optional, 3) plainly wrong?\n\nAll three instances are from the novel\n[Botchan](https://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/000148/files/752_14964.html).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T10:43:20.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83578",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-13T10:15:18.150",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-10T11:44:42.587",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "5346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"particle-こと"
],
"title": "Dummy noun, to add or not to add",
"view_count": 149
} | [
{
"body": "The attributive form of a verb worked as a nominalized verb in archaic\nJapanese.\n\n * [How can （の）目指すは be grammatical?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12538/5010)\n * [に越したことはない Wondering about the に](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36095/5010)\n\nIn particular, `Verb + が + いい/よい` is a highly old-fashioned and pompous way of\nmaking a request/command. It's mainly used as role language of pompous nobles\ntoday.\n\n * [<動詞の辞書形> + がよい ― How is this allowed?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6714/5010)\n * [Plain Verb followed by がよい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/64661/5010)\n\n(待ってるがいい sounds a little unnatural today, though. 待ってる is a fairly colloquial\ncontraction of 待っている, and がいい doesn't go well with such a colloquial\nexpression. 待つがいい, 待っているがいい or 待っておるがよい would be more natural.)\n\nHowever, this type of nominalization works only in fixed idioms, proverbs and\nset phrases in modern Japanese. This sentence:\n\n> できそうもない幾何の問題を持って迫ったには冷や汗を流した\n\n...is regarded simply as grammatically incorrect by today's standard. You\nsimply need の after 迫った. Since this is from an old and famous novel, I imagine\nsomething like this may have been more tolerated in those days, but you should\nnot do this in modern standard Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-13T10:06:19.550",
"id": "83651",
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| 83578 | 83651 | 83651 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83628",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a bit lost on all the ways to say \"to buy\". Can anyone help me understand\nthe difference? According to my research it seems that 買い取りする and 買い取る are\nused when the shop buys something for the customer, like a notion of trade,\nbut I'm not sure of that and I don't understand the difference between the する\nversion and the non-する one. If you can give me some examples to understand it,\nit would be nice :) Thank you",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-10T13:43:27.800",
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"id": "83579",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "39148",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "買う、買い取りする、買い取る what is the difference?",
"view_count": 234
} | [
{
"body": "買い取る probably emphasizes that you make the item yours, e.g. 別荘を買取る.\n\nOn the other hand, for 買取 (or 買い取りする), it can refer to companies buying used\ngoods from you. For example, if you have an unneeded computer, you may want to\nsearch \"パソコン 買取\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-12T14:27:08.553",
"id": "83628",
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]
| 83579 | 83628 | 83628 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83583",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between these two ways of saying \"I'm driving to meet a\nfriend\"?\n\n> 俺は友達に **会いに** 運転している\n>\n> 俺は友達に **会って** 運転している\n\nIs this the difference between between V-stem and V-te conjunctives, one is\nwritten and the other colloquial?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T15:38:14.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83580",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-10T17:19:43.213",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-10T16:37:28.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "41270",
"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 会いに vs 会って",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "In the form 「連用形(continuative form)+に+移動動詞(motion verb)」, the 移動動詞 can be 行く,\n来る, 帰る, 戻る, 出る, 出かける, 入る, etc.\n\n> ◎「会いに行く」\"go to see\" 「会いに来る」\"come to see\" 「会いに帰る」\"come back to see\" ... \n> ✕「会いに運転する」 sounds incorrect.\n\nRelated threads:\n\n * [Is it true that only movement verbs can take [V-stem]に to express a purpose?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2957/9831)\n * [When can you use (masu stem) + (another verb)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/82921/9831)\n * [Usage of に after verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54211/9831)\n\n* * *\n\n俺は友達に会って運転している would be interpreted as \"I met my friend and am driving.\"\n\nTo say \"I'm driving to meet my friend\", I would probably say...\n\n> 「車で友達に会いに行く(ところだ)」 _lit._ I'm (on my way) going to meet a friend by car.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T17:12:22.177",
"id": "83583",
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| 83580 | 83583 | 83583 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zvkLc.png)\n\nI found out about this from what appears to be a Japanese calligrapher on\nYouTube. He says it's a historic version of 恋, but the only evidence of it\nbeing historical I found was from a blog with little to no information about\nit. Where can I find out more about this character?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T17:57:01.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83584",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-10T23:44:49.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41516",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What's this kanji with circles?",
"view_count": 341
} | [
{
"body": "Surprisingly, it seems there’s some credit to the story. According to the\nGoo辞典, the old version of 恋 is 戀 and that one does [have the variant you are\nshowing](http://en.glyphwiki.org/wiki/u6200).\n\nHere it is in the Ministry of Justice [family register character\ndatabase](http://houmukyoku.moj.go.jp/KOSEKIMOJIDB/M01.html):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0Moqm.jpg)\n\nYou can see that the “proper” character (正字) is 戀",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-10T20:52:20.500",
"id": "83590",
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| 83584 | null | 83590 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I just stumbled across an expression that basically goes like:\n\n> X という名のならず者\n\n(X being the name of a group of people in the story)\n\nI can see what ならず者 means (\"bandit\", \"scoundrel\" according to\n[this](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%89%E3%81%9A%E8%80%85))\nand have a good guess of the general meaning of the sentence, but I have\ntrouble parsing the use of 名 here.\n\nIs 名のならず者 a variant of ならず者, or is this a specific expression involving 名\nitself?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T18:25:32.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83585",
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"owner_user_id": "14465",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "What's the role of 名 in Xという名のならず者?",
"view_count": 65
} | [
{
"body": "名【な】 is \"name\", and Xという名の～ means \"～ named X\". This is a set expression.\n\n> Xという名のならず者 \n> a rogue named X\n\n名の人 doesn't make sense. 名のある人 (or 名がある人) is another set phrase meaning \"famous\nperson\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T07:58:03.733",
"id": "83600",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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| 83585 | null | 83600 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83593",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "You know, that meme <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXsQAXx_ao0>. I'm pretty\nsure there has to be a good Japanese equivalent, but for now I'm trying to\ncome up with a version I can share with my friend.\n\nWhat I have now is:\n\n> 夢を夢に居させない\n\nor\n\n> 夢は夢に居させない\n\nBut I'm not sure about that. What interpretation would fit the original high-\nenergy expression the most?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T19:57:42.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83586",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-11T00:20:45.563",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-10T21:24:50.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "41270",
"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How do I say \"Don't let your dreams be dreams\"?",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "I would say 「夢を夢で終わらせるな。」 ( _lit._ Don't let your dream end up being a dream.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T00:20:45.563",
"id": "83593",
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}
]
| 83586 | 83593 | 83593 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83589",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「って、いい加減にしろー！」 「ありゃ、怒られちった」\n\nWhat ~ちった means in this sentence ? Only translation i found is ちる (+ past\nform), but in this case phrase has no sense for me. Is it some casual suffix\nor what ?\n\nThanks for your answers!\n\nP.S. solved, ~ちった is contraction for ～てしまった (accidentally/finish completely,\npast)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T20:20:03.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83587",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-10T21:02:02.933",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-10T21:02:02.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "41000",
"owner_user_id": "41000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"casual"
],
"title": "~ちった meaning/grammar",
"view_count": 197
} | [
{
"body": "To me this looks like a further shortening of 〜ちまった, itself a contraction of\n〜てしまった. I.e. the second sentence is something like “Oops, (she’s) mad now”\n(lit. “I’ve got her angry”).\n\n**EDIT** it seems it’s used this way in Northern Tohoku according to [this\nAsahi\narticle](http://www.asahi.com/area/tokyo/articles/MTW20170821131340001.html)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T20:29:45.927",
"id": "83589",
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"last_editor_user_id": "3295",
"owner_user_id": "3295",
"parent_id": "83587",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 83587 | 83589 | 83589 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is the sentence:\n\n> 小学校とかの体育の時間に二人一組になってする準備運動。ｸﾘｽﾏｽってあんな感じなんだよ。｢この中で 誰が一人ですか？｣ って **のの** 一斉調査\n\nWhy does it have two particles の?\n\nDoes the second particle omit a word? Which?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T20:25:26.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83588",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-24T06:01:59.273",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-24T06:01:59.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "39797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Two particles の at the same time in 「ってのの一斉調査」",
"view_count": 675
} | [
{
"body": "XXってののYY means XXというもののYY.\n\nThe first の is a 形式名詞(formal noun). \n～っての is a colloquial way of saying 「～というもの」(「と言う物」 in kanji). \n(って is a colloquial version of という.)\n\nThe second の is a case particle, closest to \"of\".\n\n> ｢この中で誰が一人ですか？｣ってのの一斉調査 \n> →「この中で誰が一人ですか？」というものの一斉調査",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T01:20:39.677",
"id": "83595",
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}
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| 83588 | null | 83595 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83594",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Trying to read and translate Momotarou and I don't quite understand these\nexpressions.\n\nSo far I have\n\n> 「うまい もも こっちゃ こい。\n\n> \"Delicious peach ... come.\n\n> Reference translation: Sweet peach come here.\n\nこっちゃ apparently means `as for that thing/matter/fact`. So I can kind of\nunderstand it just referring to the peach and not having an effect on an\nEnglish translation. Correct?\n\n* * *\n\n> にがい もも あっちゃ いけ。」\n\n> Bitter peach ... go.\"\n\n> Reference translation: Bitter peach go away.\n\nあっちゃ is supposedly an expression\n\n> stone the crows; blow me down; oops; uh oh; expression of annoyed surprise\n> or shock\n\nBut the translated dialogue has no reflection of this. Is it as simple as they\njust missed an exclamation mark? I might be horribly wrong, but it feels like\nJapanese dialogue has actual words for one's current emotion whereas English\ndoesn't and it is based solely on the descriptive text before or after the\ndialogue. Is this something that is actually used in real life speech or only\nwhen dialogue is written?\n\nReference story: <http://life.ou.edu/stories/momotarou.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T22:01:01.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83591",
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"owner_user_id": "41470",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"dialogue"
],
"title": "Can someone explain dialogue expressions? Momotarou",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "Here 「こっちゃ」is a diminutive for「こっち」or「こちら」, simply meaning \"here\".\n\n「あっちゃ」:「あっち」、「あちら」, \"over there\". Now they should make sense in the context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-10T22:05:38.513",
"id": "83592",
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{
"body": "I would say あっちゃ, こっちゃ here in your example are the contracted pronunciations\nof あっち **へ** , こっち **へ**.\n\n> うまい もも こっちゃ こい。＜＜ うまい桃、こっちへ来い。 \n> \"Delicious peach, come this way.\"\n\n> にがい もも あっちゃ いけ。＜＜ 苦い桃、あっちへ行け。 \n> \"Bitter peach, go away.\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T00:46:24.940",
"id": "83594",
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| 83591 | 83594 | 83594 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83598",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I learned that ''another bottle (of beer) please'' is ''ato ippon kudasai''.\n\nBut I heard someone say in a Japanese drama ''mo ippon kudasai''.\n\nI know ''mo'' from ''mo ichi do''.\n\nWhat is the difference between ''ato/mo ippon kudasai ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T05:21:47.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83597",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-11T05:46:39.187",
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"owner_user_id": "29665",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between ''ato'' and ''mo'' to mean more/another",
"view_count": 351
} | [
{
"body": "あと and もう mean the same thing in this situation, when used as 'a little bit'\nor 'another'. See the examples below meaning \"Let's try just a bit more\".\n\n〇あと少し頑張りましょう\n\n〇もう少し頑張りましょう\n\nThere is a situation where they are not interchangeable, and that's when\nyou're using the other meaning of もう, \"already\". The following sentence means\n\"I already wrote it.\" and only the first version is correct.\n\n〇もう書きました。\n\n×あと書きました。\n\nOr when you're using another meaning of あと, \"after\". The following means \"How\nsoon will you arrive?\" (lit: After how long will you arrive). Only the second\nversion is correct.\n\n×もうどのくらいで着きますか。\n\n〇あとどのくらいで着きますか。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-11T05:40:23.117",
"id": "83598",
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"score": 5
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| 83597 | 83598 | 83598 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83602",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Today in a comment on a Japanese forum I said:\n\n> 日本語には主に「漢語」、「和語」、「外来語」三つの語彙体系があります。漢語というのは中国語から借用された語彙体系です。例：漢語、高校、勉強。\n> 二文字の言葉はほとんど漢語です、カタカナ語がほとんど外来語のように。ファン：外来語。質問：漢語。分かる：和語。\n\nThen someone said I was wrong (yeah literally said 「違います」):\n\n> 音読みの熟語の多くが漢語ですよ。湯桶読みや重箱読みの熟語は和語です。\n\nThey are a native speaker, but I thought I'd read quite a bit on this and I\nwas confident enough to write a retort. But on second thought I am not that\ncertain. I am not sure if my statement「二文字の言葉はほとんど漢語」was accurate. I have read\nrelevant wiki pages in both languages and some Japanese sites, but still\nhaven't found a definitive answer to this.\n\nMy understanding is there are a lot of two-character words coined in Japan\nthat later found their way to China and became part of the modern Chinese\nlanguage. So does it mean most 訓読み, 湯桶読み, 重箱読み words are 和語? If possible,\nplease include authoritative sources.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T05:43:01.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83599",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-11T22:02:47.163",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"wago-and-kango"
],
"title": "Strictly speaking, are 重箱読み and 湯桶読み mostly 漢語 or 和語, or 50-50?",
"view_count": 436
} | [
{
"body": "I don't know the \"authoritative definition\", but according to [Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E#%E6%B7%B7%E7%A8%AE%E8%AA%9E),\n重箱/湯桶 words are not kango:\n\n>\n> 「雑木」を「ぞうき」と読むような重箱読みや、「夕刊」を「ゆうかん」と読むような湯桶読みは、和語と漢語を複合させた混種語（和漢混淆語）であり、漢語の範疇ではない。\n\nI think this explanation is natural. They are [hybrid\nwords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_word)\n([混種語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E7%A8%AE%E8%AA%9E)). Hybrids\nare hybrids, and you should not force them into the classic three categories.\n\n * ケーキ屋: gairaigo-wago hybrid\n * カップ麺: gairaigo-kango hybrid\n * 重箱: kango-wago hybrid\n * 折れ線グラフ: wago-kango-gairaigo hybrid\n\n> there are a lot of two-character words coined in Japan that later found\n> their way to China and became part of the modern Chinese language.\n\nThis is true, but [和製漢語](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasei-kango) normally\nrefers to _on_ -only compounds newly coined by Japanese people, such as 自転車\nand 野球.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T09:53:55.137",
"id": "83602",
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}
]
| 83599 | 83602 | 83602 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83608",
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"body": "Today I heard a sentence like 「松本さんは クライムゲームを計【けい】 4回担当しました。」. I searched\nGoogle and found that there's also 「全」 but I can't find their usage\nexplanation. How to use 「計」 and 「全」 before counters?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T10:16:31.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83604",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-11T14:21:44.260",
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"last_editor_user_id": "31912",
"owner_user_id": "31912",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"counters"
],
"title": "「計」「全」 before ~times counter (~回)",
"view_count": 81
} | [
{
"body": "Apparently 計 is short for 合計 (total, sum) while 全 is for 全部 (all, everything).\n\nSo 計 should be used with numbers which result from adding something, e.g.\n\n> 計3万円になります\n>\n> The total will be 30000 yen\n\nWhile 全 is for cases when there is a complete set of something:\n\n> 全16巻(の漫画)\n>\n> All 16 volumes (of a manga series)\n\nIn your example sentence, it seems that Matsumoto-san was involved in four\ncrime games in total, but presumably there were other crime games without\nhis/her involvement.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T12:12:55.093",
"id": "83608",
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"parent_id": "83604",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 83604 | 83608 | 83608 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83606",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The sentence is:\n\n> 芸術は思いをかたちにする **もの**\n\nWhat does this mean? Does it mean \"Art is about giving form to\nthoughts/feeling\", \"Art is the thing that gives thoughts/feeling form.\n\nI am unsure of what もの means in this context.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-11T10:58:04.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83605",
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"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "41522",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Meaning of もの in this sentence",
"view_count": 70
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, your translation is spot-on. This もの is just \"thing\" and it refers to an\nabstract concept here.\n\nGrammatically, 思いをかたちにする (literally \"to turn thoughts/ideas into a form\") is\nmodifying もの as a relative clause. This is an example of [gap-less relative\nclause](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010) if I'm not mistaken.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T11:06:52.007",
"id": "83606",
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"score": 1
}
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| 83605 | 83606 | 83606 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83610",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a manga I came across this line:\n\n色々なことを知っていればいるほど立派な魔女って認められるの\n\nWhich I think translates to: \"the more you know the better witch you can\nbecome.\"\n\nMy question is about the form: 知っていればいるほど\n\nIs this the standard way to use ば～ほど if you have the form ている\n\nOr am I entirely wrong?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T12:02:21.603",
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"owner_user_id": "36714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "Using ば～ほど with ている form",
"view_count": 212
} | [
{
"body": "I don't often come across the form but it makes sense and it has a bit\ndifferent nuance from the standard form.\n\nFor example, when 知っていればいるほど is compared with 知れば知るほど in your example,\n知っていればいるほど is more natural than 知れば知るほど. 知っている means 'you have already known\nabout that and have the knowledge of that\", so your example can be translated\nas \"The more you have the knowledge the more you receive recognition as a\nwitch.\"\n\nOn the other hand. 知れば知るほど doesn't have the nuance. It has a nuance like \"even\nif you haven't known about that right now, but if you know that\". For example.\n日本語は、知れば知るほど難しく感じる. I feel that 日本語は、知っていれば知っているほど難しく感じる is a bit unnatural.\n\nIn addition, I noticed that I misunderstood your question from reading your\ncomment. I answered the difference between 知っていれば知っているほど(ている form) and\n知れば知るほど(standard form). As for the suru verbs and ている form, you can omit the\nstem of the second verb and the meaning doesn't change.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-11T16:47:20.257",
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| 83607 | 83610 | 83610 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "For example, if you have this sentence:\n\n> 急がないとならない\n\nYou can just say:\n\n> 急がないと\n\nBut what if the sentence is...?\n\n> 急がないとならないからあとで話そうね\n\nCan you omit ならない there? It would turn into:\n\n> 急がないとからあとで話そうね\n\nIt doesn't sound right to me but I want to be 100% sure it can't be omitted.\nIt also applies to other forms with the same meaning. For example, if you have\n急がなければならない, can you shorten it to 急がなきゃ even if it's not the end of the\nsentence? Or 急がなくてはならない to 急がなくちゃ, under the same circumstances?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T19:07:42.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83611",
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"owner_user_id": "30977",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"abbreviations"
],
"title": "Under what circumstances can you abbreviate forms like ないとならない?",
"view_count": 70
} | []
| 83611 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This question is about understanding なくなる here. From my understanding なる is an\ninstantaneous verb (not sure the term) so if なくなった was used it would imply\nthey have lost their confidence. But if they use なくなる then does that just mean\n\"I'm going to lose my self confidence\" or something like \"I've lost some of my\nconfidence\".\n\n> 「そんなにお強いのですか」\n>\n> 「稽古にならないぐらいに強かった。はっきり言って自分の自信が **なくなる** 」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T19:17:59.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83612",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-12T02:27:16.273",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-12T02:14:36.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "41530",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Why なくなる not なくなった",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "This なくなる is a \"generic\" description that is true in the present and the\nfuture, not a description of a certain event in the past. So something like\n\"He/She makes me lose my confidence\" is close.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-12T02:27:16.273",
"id": "83620",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-12T02:27:16.273",
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| 83612 | null | 83620 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83656",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Usually ほど is used to refer to some degree/extend that is in some way high, or\neven approaching/reaching some upper limit.\n\nGiven how precise(※) and reserved Japanese usually is, I find it surprising\nhow「なるほど」 is used as a casual(＊) interjection meaning \"I see.\". I would rather\nhave expected it be sound overly confident, in the sense of \"I\nsee/understand/... it now crystal clearly\".\n\nLooking at the etymology from [gogon-allguide](http://gogen-\nallguide.com/na/naruhodo.html) (and other sites):\n\n>\n> なるほどがこのような意味に変化したのは、「できる限り」という程度・状態はそれ以上のものがなく、「他には考えられない」「明らかである」の意味に通じることからと考えられる。\n\nunfortunately doesn't really answer my question.\n\nAm I fundamentally misunderstanding the meaning of ほど here, or is なるほど simply\nan overstatement? How come that this is used so casually(＊), where Japanese is\nusually so precise in it's statements(※)?\n\n* * *\n\n(※): Since this seems to be misunderstood, here's an elaboration: \nI mean precise in the sense of accurate, not in the sense of definite. So for\nexample when one does not necessarily know something exactly, or does not want\nto express too much confidence, it is common in Japanese to in some way\nexpress that (等・くらい・みたい・よう・そう・…), instead of making a definite statement that\nmight not be correct. \nWhile this at times is purely used for politeness, the sentiments of\nstatements never overstepping what one actually knows seems to be common\nthroughout the language. \nAnd in that vein, my wondering about はるほど originates.\n\n(＊): I do not mean casual in the sense of casual Japanese (in opposition to\npolite, or literal Japanese), but rather casually, in the sense of using it\nwithout much thought or meaning behind it, as an interjection in a\nconversation to respond to the other's statements without really saying much\n(besides \"I follow/understand/... what you are saying\" or \"This information is\nnew/interesting/...\").",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-11T23:24:22.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83613",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-13T14:28:27.227",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-12T09:59:26.173",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "How come such a \"strong\" expression as なるほど is used in such a \"soft\" meaning?",
"view_count": 357
} | [
{
"body": "Have you ever learned classical Japanese? As is the case with other languages,\nthe meanings of many Japanese words have changed drastically over time. For\nexample, 貴様 was a honorific word in the past, as the two kanji suggest, but it\nis a fairly rude and rough word now. The meanings of the components of a word\n**can** be forgotten. (See\n[this](https://english.stackexchange.com/q/6802/80278) and\n[this](https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/wonderful-word-history-\nevolution) for examples in English.) Such a process is common in any language,\nand I don't think なるほど is special in this regard.\n\nThat being said, なるほど is not simple \"I see\", either. It sounds a little\nstilted and pompous even today, and it may be related to its etymology. In\ncasual settings, なるほど is not really common.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-12T02:07:00.067",
"id": "83619",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-12T05:08:11.487",
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{
"body": "This answer is written as a supplement to Naruto's answer and a response to\nsome of your comments on that answer. To put it simply, I think you are\nexpecting an unrealistic level of systematicity from [semantic\ndrift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_change). The ways that the\nmeanings of words change over time is _very_ hard to predict, and can be\ninfluenced by any number of things.\n\nAssuming that English is your native language, I would for example point out\nthat the current usage of `bless you` as a response to someone sneezing is\nbizarre. Handing out divine blessings for every sneeze seems pretty strange to\nme. Similarly, `ballpark` at some point became viable as a verb meaning \"to\nroughly estimate\". There is always a reasonable history behind these changes\n(whether we know them for certain or not), but I don't think we can expect\nthem to be systematic. Once `なるほど` crystallized as an expression, it's hard to\nsay why it changed the way it did.\n\nFinally, I think generalizations about languages - like that Japanese is\nprecise - are pretty tricky things. It's true that Japanese uses a lot of\nぐらい・など・〜そう etc. to express indefiniteness in statements, but English expresses\na similar kind of indefiniteness with verbs. Statements like `it seems that`,\n`we found that`, `results show that` are all arguably ways of avoiding\napparent statements of fact, among other things. The fact that Japanese is\ninfamous for requiring context to comprehend/translate because of its tendency\nto omit subjects, objects, or other things, could also make a pretty strong\nargument for it being an imprecise language. This all gets very subjective\nvery quickly.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 83613 | 83656 | 83619 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83618",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Unless I misheard, in an anime I am watching (安達としまむら), a character, in self-\nridicule, said to themselves:\n\n> なんだばしゃぁぁ…\n\nI assume this is supposed to mean\n\n> なんだ、馬鹿!?\n\nbut censored/softened.\n\nIs this common?\n\nIf so, how would one write it? (Maybe 馬車? Not sure whether this is done in\nEnglish, but in German, using a completely ordinary word that starts the same\nway as a curse word is a common way to curse softly.)\n\nIf not, is 馬鹿 ever censored/softened in this kind of way? Or is it not \"bad\"\nenough to need censoring?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-12T00:12:39.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83614",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"interjections"
],
"title": "Is it common to censor or soften 馬鹿 as ばしゃ?",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "> Is it common to censor or soften 馬鹿 as ばしゃ?\n\nNo, it is not. As you can see in [this\npage](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%E3%81%B0%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%81%E3%81%81%E3%81%81%E3%81%81),\nばしゃあぁぁ is an original word used by the particular character in that anime,\ncreated by the author. It's not used by or known to ordinary people in real\nlife.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-12T01:56:23.520",
"id": "83618",
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| 83614 | 83618 | 83618 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83617",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「もう一度かかっといで」。\n\nAt the beginning, I thought it was 掛かって + ぐ ending verb turned into its\nimperative mood; then I've found かかってこい, it would make sense. If so, why does\nで appear? Is と the contraction for てこ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-12T01:47:02.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83616",
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"owner_user_id": "41400",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-で",
"contractions",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "What does かかっといで mean?",
"view_count": 112
} | [
{
"body": "かっかといで is just a contraction of かかっておいで \"Come at me!\". (The contraction of て＋お\n> と is the same one that occurs in -ておく > -とく.)\n\nAs you may know, おいで is a fossilised form of the honorific of くる (おいでになる),\nused exclusively as an imperative. So essentially, this _is_ just equivalent\nto かかってこい.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-12T01:54:46.723",
"id": "83617",
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| 83616 | 83617 | 83617 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83652",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Because of this [recent\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/83607/using-%E3%81%B0%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A9-with-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B-form)\nI was wondering whether there are differences when it comes to using ～ば ～ほど\nwhen it comes to [change-in-state and action\nverbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/3140/21657) in ～ている. Here is an\nexample of what I am talking about:\n\n> 患者になればなるほど自尊心を失う。 \n> The more you become a patient, the more self worth you lose.(?)\n\n> 患者になっていればいるほど自尊心を失う。 \n> The longer you are a patient, the the more you lose self worth.(?)\n\nThese are just sentences I came up with, and maybe the translations are not\naccurate. But assuming they are, the first sentence doesn't make much sense.\nIt's not possible to do something \"more\" when something is instantaneous.\nなっている refers to a state, not an actual event or action. The moment you become\na patient doesn't really have a defined time frame.\n\nOn the other hand, I feel like verbs with duration are difficult to use with\n～ていれば ～いるほど. For example:\n\n> 食べていればいるほどご飯が寒くなる。 \n> The longer you eat, the colder your food gets. (?)\n\nDoes this sentence work? If it does, can ～ていれば ～いるほど mean something like \"the\nlonger you are performing X, the more Y\" when used with action verbs?\n\nSo can instantaneous verbs never be used in the ～ば ～ほど construction? Or does\nit depend on context? Can action verbs/ verbs with a duration be used with\n～ていれば ～いるほど?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-12T02:32:33.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83621",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-ほど"
],
"title": "～ば ～（いる）ほど with instantaneous verbs",
"view_count": 177
} | [
{
"body": "When you say 患者になればなるほど, the number of times you \"become a patient\" is\nimportant. When you say 患者になっていればいるほど, the time you spend as a patient is\nimportant (you can also say 患者でいればいるほど).\n\nHow about this example? Imagine an RPG where the player character is a\nwerewolf:\n\n * 狼になればなるほど最大HPが減る。 \nThe more you become a wolf, the more you lose your maximum health. (The number\nof shapeshifting is important)\n\n * 狼になっていればいるほど最大HPが減る。 \n狼でいればいるほど最大HPが減る。 \nThe longer you are in wolf form, the more you lose your maximum health. (The\ntime you spend in the wolf form is important)\n\nHowever, なればなるほど behaves differently when it's used with a word that can be\nmodified by もっと/より (\"more\"). For example, 金持ちになればなるほど simply means \"the richer\none becomes\". See [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/77952/5010), too.\n\n食べていればいるほどご飯が冷たくなる makes perfect sense to me because the passage of time is\nmore important than the amount of food you eat in this context. (寒い is [not a\nsuitable adjective](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/207/5010).)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-13T10:34:57.623",
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"score": 4
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| 83621 | 83652 | 83652 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83631",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am 6 days into learning Japanese, so I don't know if this makes sense but my\nproblem is this, I want to say, \"I would rather watch that cold dream where I\ndied\". The way I write it is\n\n> ぼく わ むしろ それ つめたい ゆめ みる どこ しんだ (boku wa mushiro sore tsumetai yume miru doko\n> shinda)\n\nSo I translated that on Google and it didn't seem to make much sense, in\nparticular the died part. I don't know if I need to specify again that I was\nthe one that died, is Google Translator just bad, or is it the placement of\nshinda that's bad, maybe it needed to go before sore?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-12T04:36:37.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83622",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-12T19:58:44.643",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-12T04:57:47.507",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41534",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"sentence"
],
"title": "\"I would rather watch that cold dream where I died\" ぼく わ むしろ それ つめたい ゆめ みる どこ しんだ",
"view_count": 310
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{
"body": "There are a number of issues with your translation. Number one, the topic-\nmarking particle 'wa' is generally written as は for historical reasons. Next,\nそれ is 'that' used similarly to a noun (like 'That is the question'); 'that'\nused like an adjective is その.\n\nRelative clauses in Japanese involve moving the verb phrase ahead of the noun\nit modifies, not using a wh-question word after the noun.\n\nTrying to stick close to your original phrasing, I think it would be\n\n> 僕{ぼく}はむしろ自分{じぶん}の死ぬ{しぬ}その冷たい{つめたい}夢{ゆめ}を見た{みた}方{ほう}がましだ。\n\nI think it's important to note that there isn't a one-to-one correspondence\nbetween different languages. You can't just translate each word individually,\nthen put them back in the same order - often even between closely related\nlanguages like English and Dutch.",
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"body": "In response to the comment:\n\n>\n> [guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/clause](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/clause)\n> i read this but i don't understand in my sentence i have two verbs to die\n> and to watch can only one verb go at the end?\n\nThe basic sentence is \"watch a dream\" which is 夢を見る.\n\nNext you ask yourself \"what sort of dream did I watch?\" And the answer is \"one\nwhere I died\". This is where the relative clause comes in. Let's start with a\nsimpler example. You also wanted it to be a 'cold dream'. So I think you would\nbe happy to agree that 夢 can be modified by putting 冷たい in front of it. You\ncan think of 冷たい夢 as 'cold dream'/'dream which is cold'/etc. They all mean the\nsame thing. You are probably used to nouns being modified by adjectives, but\nin Japanese they can be modified by whole clauses. These are called relative\nclauses. There are no words in Japanese for where/which/that when used in this\nway. \"X where Y\" / \"X which is Y\" / \"X that is Y\" are all simply YX. Japanese\nis simpler in this regard. So \"dream (X) where I die (Y)\" is simple 死ぬ夢. This\nwhole thing then behaves as a single noun which is the object of 見る i.e.\n死ぬ夢をみる.",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-12T19:07:35.980",
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| 83622 | 83631 | 83625 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83624",
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"body": "チケットは後二枚ください or チケットを後二枚ください or something else ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-12T05:26:57.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83623",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Two more tickets please. チケットは or チケットを?",
"view_count": 85
} | [
{
"body": "チケットを後二枚ください is the default choice. You can use は when there is a contrast\n(e.g., パンフレット **は** 要りませんがチケット **は** あと2枚ください).",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 83623 | 83624 | 83624 |
{
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"body": "I know what they mean; however, I'm not sure what the difference is. Does the\ndifference have anything to do with formality?",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-12T12:50:21.743",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 早いほうがいい and 早いほどいい",
"view_count": 254
} | [
{
"body": "I assume that「早いほどいい」 is 「早ければ早いほどいい」, so:\n\n * 早いほうがいい: it should be early/soon; if not early/soon, it's not really good.\n * (早ければ) 早いほどいい: as soon as possible, not early is OK.\n\nFor example:\n\n * 「あなたは 歯医者へ行くのは 早いほうがいい。」: You should go to the dentist soon, if you not, your teeth will be more hurt.\n * 「あなたは 歯医者へ行くのは 早ければ 早いほどいい。」: You booked a date to go to the dentist, the dentist says you should go as soon as possible (it depends on your schedule).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-12T17:37:41.173",
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"body": "Thanks! I managed to figure it out myself tho. Both mean the same thing \"The\nsooner, the better\"\n\nほうが is used to compare nouns ほうが＋いい which, in this case, translates lit. to\nsooner is better (doing sth sooner is better)\n\nほど can be used with different parts of speech (verbs, nouns, adjectives,\netc.), and depending on what sounds natural in English it can be translated to\n\"The sooner you do sth, the better\" as well. However, there are other ways to\ntranslate it.\n\nSo, it was important to establish the context first. The person wanted to call\nthe police, and, I believe, she said sth like \"Calling the cops is our only\nchoice\" and then added 早いほうがいい which means \"(Calling them) sooner (than later)\nis better.\" Omissions are quite common in spoken Japanese, right? :)",
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"body": "I was reading through the **Dictionary of Basic Grammar** and found that one\nof the four usages of the で particle is to mark the time when something\nterminates, similar to the following sentence:\n\n> パーティーは 17時で 終わる。\n\nIt goes on to say that the に particle can often be used in place of で in this\ntype of situation, and says that the nuance is that the に particle simply\nmarks the end of the party, whereas で implies that the party lasts up to that\npoint. To me, this seems a little ambiguous, since for something to end, it\nneeds to last for a period of time. However, I might be misreading something.\n\nAsking around to a few natives, it seems like there doesn't actually seem to\nbe too much difference in connotation. Someone said that using で sounds more\nassertive / forceful like the party will end no matter what at that time.\n\nIn general, で is used to mark the means or way that something is done, while に\nmarks the place of a state or a point being traveled to. So, with my limited\nexperience I feel like when you use で it has a feeling that the time brought\nan end to something whether or not it was ready to finish. Meanwhile, if you\nused に it simply means that it finished at that time and doesn't carry anymore\nconnotation to it.\n\nIs that about it or is there another difference between the use of these two\nparticles in this context?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-12T15:19:06.253",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-で",
"time"
],
"title": "The Difference Between に and で when indicating the time when something terminates",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "I partly agree with the statement that _using で sounds more assertive /\nforceful like the party will end no matter what at that time_.\n\nI think particle-で emphasises the feeling of “the last”.\n\n今日 **で** 仕事は終わりだ。(Today is my **last** day of work.)\n\nThis may not be the right answer, but just for your reference!",
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"body": "In some of the myths of Japanese lore I have found references to a non-\nspecific 神様.\n\nI'm no expert in neither the language nor the lore (I'm a simple student as of\nnow), yet it seems to me that this references arise mainly in \"imported\" lore\nrather than indigenous lore: for example, the lore of Japan creation as found\nin the Kojiki actually names many on the divinities that are present; whereas\nlores such as the 12 zodiac animals or the Tanabata lore present such a non-\ndescript 神様.\n\nIt seems to me that these references go back to China, so that I think that 神様\nmay be identified with the Jade Emperor (yet this is eventually a question to\nbe asked in the Chinese Stack Exchange); yet in Japanese lore with whom may we\nidentify this divinity?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-12T19:56:58.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83632",
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"owner_user_id": "41542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"folklore"
],
"title": "Identification of the 神様 cited in lore",
"view_count": 119
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{
"body": "After reading your question, I thought \"I don't know, but does it have to be\nidentified?\"\n\nIn **modernized** folklore Japanese children hear today, it is true that there\nare many references to \"non-descript\" 神様. For example, most Japanese people\nknow the story regarding [why cats were not chosen as part of\n十二支](https://nekochan.jp/knowledge/article/1248), where unidentified 神様\ndetermines the 12 zodiac animals.\n\nI think it was intentionally made \"non-descript\". There are very few people\nwho are interested in associating it with traditional deities in specific\nlegends or religions. As a native Japanese speaker, I personally have never\nwondered which religion or country those 神様 belong to, either. Japanese people\ntoday are perfectly fine with the idea of 神様 that belongs to no particular\nreligion. FWIW, I have never heard of Jade Emperor.\n\nWhen Japanese people use the word 神様 today, it perhaps refers to Christian God\nif they are attending a Christian-style wedding, and _shinto_ gods if they are\nvisiting a _shinto_ shrine. Otherwise, it has no relationship to a particular\ngod in traditional lore or religions. People sometimes say something like\nどうなるかは神様にしか分からない (\"Only God knows what will happen\"), in a hospital for\nexample, but if you ask \"Which God are you referring to?\", you'll probably get\na blank stare.\n\nIf you're interested in the serious history of 十二支 or 七夕 in China, please ask\nabout them elsewhere. I can only explain how the word 神様 is perceived by\nordinary Japanese people. Of course there are well-known legends that are\nunequivocally tied to _shinto_ gods, but they are generally not popular with\nkids.\n\nMaybe related: [Japan: The Most Religious Atheist\nCountry](https://blog.gaijinpot.com/japan-religious-atheist-country/)\n\n**EDIT:** Looks like the one called 神様 in so-called the \"Tanabata story\" can\nbe traced back to\n[王母娘娘](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Mother_of_the_West). I believe very\nfew Japanese people know this. As for 十二支, some sources suggest this 神様 is\nお釈迦様, but the history of 十二支 is longer than the history of Buddhism itself...",
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| 83632 | 83643 | 83643 |
{
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"body": "> 侍は一旦護ると決めたものは死んでも護る\n\nThe Samurai even if he die, he protect what he decided to protect.\n\n護ると決めたもの = Something that was decided to protect.\n\nHow do you guys understand this phrase ?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-12T21:38:41.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83634",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-12T21:40:42.187",
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"owner_user_id": "39088",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Interpretation of a phrase",
"view_count": 77
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{
"body": "All actions in the sentence are done by the samurai. The following is\nunnaturally verbose and possibly not grammatical but if we try to imagine it\nlike this:\n\n侍は一旦(侍が)護ると(侍が)決めたものは(侍が)死んでも(侍が)護る\n\nvery literally:\n\nSamurai, once {(samurai will protect...)<-[if samurai decided]} something,\neven if (samurai) dies, (samurai) will protect.\n\nOr, more naturally:\n\n> Once samurai decided to protect something, he'll protect it even if he dies.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 83634 | 83635 | 83635 |
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"body": "How could you describe a very long, very intense scream - one that expresses\nextreme anger or pain? So far I've only been able to find examples of short\ngasps, or screams with happier connotations.\n\nIn particular I'm looking for the equivalent of reading the word [_\"\nAAAAAAAAAAAAA!!\"_ in a comic\nstrip](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Ed9osQUWsAQWYK7.jpg), which can be\nstretched out as long as you like by adding more A's. Does Japanese have a\nversion that can also be infinitely-repeated like that?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-12T23:29:22.653",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"manga",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "Onomatopoeia for a long, intense scream - \"AAAAA!!\"",
"view_count": 1354
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{
"body": "One option that’s rather difficult to type in normal font is あ゙ (あ with ゛\n(dakuten)). Although not an official letter, it’s been used in manga to\nexpress approximately the effect you are looking for.\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%82%E3%82%99)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-13T00:41:08.497",
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| 83636 | null | 83637 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83639",
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"body": "This is a (no spoilers) line from the recent Attack on Titan S4E5 (ep64).\n\n```\n\n やっぱり俺はお前と同じだ\n \n```\n\nAnd I understand it, but I'm just a bit confused because I expected it to be:\n\n```\n\n やっぱり俺はお前に同じだ\n \n```\n\nBecause the translation is:\n\n```\n\n After all I'm the same as you\n \n```\n\nI thought the `と` was `as`\n\nやっぱり | 俺は | お前 | と | 同じ | だ \n---|---|---|---|---|--- \nAfter all | I am | you | as | same | is \n \nDoes this `と` mean `with`? Am I misunderstanding the phrase?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-13T00:49:11.203",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-と",
"anime"
],
"title": "What does に vs と mean in やっぱり俺はお前と同じだ?",
"view_count": 97
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{
"body": "When it comes to particles, and I am speaking in general terms here, you\nshouldn't try to understand or memorize them by pairing them up or finding\nsupposed equivalents, because that never works. Cross-linguistically, there is\nno equivalence in particles, prepositions, adverbs. Even those grammar terms\nvary cross-linguistically. In case you haven't noticed, oftentimes the\nfunction of a preposition in English is fulfilled in Japanese by a particle or\nparticles. So it is of no help or even detrimental to your study of Japanese\nto try and find English equivalents for the Japanese particles.\n\n「に同じ」usually indicates something is just like another thing. It is usually a\none-directional comparison. It often occurs in dictionaries. Some random\nexamples:\n\n> すま・せる 【済ませる】 \n> 「すます（済）」に同じ。\n>\n> に‐とり【に取り】 \n> ［連語］「に取って」に同じ。\n>\n> 平行：「並行（へいこう）②」に同じ。\n\nThere is a tongue in cheek online expression, almost memefied: 「右に同じ」 \"I agree\nwith the opinion to my right.\"\n\n「と同じ」is commonly used to say two things are of the same nature or share the\nsame attribute. The comparison is more reciprocal.\n\n> この手順は、非トランザクション志向メッセージングの場合と同じです。 (example from a random site)\n\nAnd 「と同じ」is correct in the line you are asking about.",
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| 83638 | 83639 | 83639 |
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"body": "I am far into intermediate level at this point, but I still have not\nconclusively found an answer to this. The response that I typically receive is\nthat it's \"casual speech,\" but that doesn't tell me anything about correctness\n(In English, except for contractions, informal speech is not correct). If you\nwere to ask a university professor of Japanese or a linguist what is\ngrammatically correct, would they say that ending with the plain form of a\nverb is technically grammatically correct? What about「だ」、「んだ」、and「の」？",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-13T02:17:30.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "41548",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"register",
"informal"
],
"title": "Is ending a sentence with the plain form grammatically correct?",
"view_count": 119
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{
"body": "Of course a sentence like 鳥は飛ぶ (\"Birds fly.\") is 100% grammatically correct.\nIt's 100% standard, too; no slang/dialect is concerned. I'm not an expert, but\nyou never need a professor nor a linguist to judge the correctness of such a\nsimple sentence. Don't be that skeptical about your textbook.\n\nBut did your textbook really call this **casual** style? I think textbooks\nusually call this **plain** style (as opposed to **polite** style sentences\ntypically ending with ます/です). This style is used both in formal and casual\nsettings as long as politeness is not necessary. For example, Japanese\nWikipedia has literally millions of sentences ending with the plain form of a\nverb.\n\nLikewise, a sentence ending with だ is 100% grammatically correct. It's one of\nthe most basic word (copula) that corresponds to English \"be\", after all. It's\nless common in Wikipedia because である is preferred there, but that's another\nstory. If grammatical correctness is your concern, it's unequivocally correct.\nThe same for のだ.\n\nAs for の, are you referring to the [explanatory-の used as a question\nmarker](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/question-markers/)? Then\nof course that's 100% grammatically correct, too. This one is indeed casual\nand colloquial.",
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"accepted_answer_id": "83649",
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"body": "[This image](https://i.redd.it/pukqoit0twa61.png) from the Hololive subreddit\nhas me scratching my head. It seems to suggest that there was only one way of\ninterpreting the tweet at the top of the image. I checked just to be sure but\naccording to this [Chiebukuro question and its\nanswers](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q11135205511),\nし functions as a connective — i.e. I did A, _and then_ , B, similar to して. And\nthat being the case, I thought this tweet was deliberately written in a way\nthat you could interpret it in two different ways. In one interpretation, she\n(the twitter user) would \"finish the sentence\" on her stream tomorrow. In\nanother, she won a PS5 and would talk more about it on her stream tomorrow.\n\n**Is my interpretation correct? In other words — were both valid ways of\ninterpreting the tweet?**\n\n**To be even more specific - their assertion that \"当選し\" doesn't mean anything\non its own can't be correct, can it? Surely the twitter user could've meant \"I\nwon a ps5, and.. (to be continued in the stream)\"?**\n\n_(I know that technically, if し really was a connective here, there should've\nbeen something after it that finished the whole sentence. As it is right now\nthe sentence is incomplete. However grammar rules are broken all the time in\ncasual conversations and online comments, so I don't think that's enough to\nrule out the second interpretation. That's just my intuition however, so feel\nfree to correct me if I'm wrong.)_",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T02:47:42.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83641",
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"last_edit_date": "2021-01-13T07:12:10.593",
"last_editor_user_id": "25454",
"owner_user_id": "25454",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"casual",
"particle-し",
"twitter"
],
"title": "Interpretation of し at the end of an ambiguous twitter message",
"view_count": 151
} | [
{
"body": "It's just as ShuaiJanaiDesu in that image says. The image means people who\ndon't understand Japanese well thought Botan won a PS5 just by looking at the\nword 当選. Botan's original tweet saying 当選し was deliberatively left unfinished,\nand it could be either 当選しました (\"I won\") or 当選しませんでした (\"I didn't win\").\n\nIf there had been a comma after 当選し (i.e., `PS5は当選し、`,\n[中止法](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9771/5010)), people could have\nexcluded the possibility of it being 当選しなかった or 当選しませんでした. Since there is no\ncomma in the actual tweet, we can say the sentence may have been abruptly cut\noff in the middle of a conjugation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T08:45:02.050",
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]
| 83641 | 83649 | 83649 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83644",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The dialogue in this picture is simple enough for me up until 一歩も歩けん. The\nfirst half makes me expect the whole sentence to be 一歩も引かない but the sentence\nas a whole confuses me.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PRmPf.png)\n\nWhat is this 歩けん especially? Why does it end in ん? Google didn't offer much\nhelp either. Also, 血よこせ should be 血をよこせ right? But I get the feeling the を was\nomitted intentionally. Is omitting を in such obvious and informal cases(it's\nobvious they're demanding blood so the sentence is understandable) a form of\nacceptable grammar or is it simply wrong(on purpose or not)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T03:17:03.913",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83642",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-13T03:45:16.547",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-13T03:23:21.607",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"negation",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Questions about dialogue in this picture (omitted を、一歩も歩けん)",
"view_count": 109
} | [
{
"body": "歩けん is a variant of 歩けない (\"I can't walk\"). Usually a small girl doesn't use\nthis form because it sounds a little old-fashioned or dialectal. Maybe the\nspeaker is an old vampire or someone playing the role of it?\n\n * [Is verb ending ない shortened to ん?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16226/5010)\n * [Verb conjugations such as 思わん、言えん](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44432/5010)\n\nThe omission of を is very common in colloquial Japanese. There is nothing\nspecial.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T03:45:16.547",
"id": "83644",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 83642 | 83644 | 83644 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83646",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm going through a dialog in a game and I came across some grammar I don't\nthink I understand in the following sentence:\n\n> お前のこと好きになって辞めてった女子も \n> けっこう いるって話じゃねーか！\n\nWhat is the grammar behind `辞めてった`? I know this means something about\nquitting/leaving, but I have no idea how this was formed or what it actually\nimplies.\n\nMy best guess translation, which I'm pretty sure is wrong, is something like\n\n> he girls that like you, who something about having quit/left \n> You could say that was great, couldn't you?\n\nMore context:\n\nThis sentence is said by `Male A` directed at `Male B`. Before speaking with\n`Male B` he was surrounded by a group of girls, who are totally falling head\nover heals for him. He tells the girls to go home and they immediately leave.\n`Male B` makes the comment that they like him instantly and that they are hard\nto get away from. `Male A`, just before saying the above, also implies that\n`Male B` more or less is cursing (呪い) the girls and that's why they act the\nway they do. This is all taking place in a university",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T05:37:43.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83645",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-10T01:04:58.943",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-10T01:04:58.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "30339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "「辞めてった」 in お前のこと好きになって辞めてった女子も",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "辞めてった is a contracted form of 辞めていった. See [this\nchart](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18159/5010). Here ていく has the\nnuance of \"gradually over time\" plus \"away from me/us/here/etc\". See:\n[Difference between -ていく and\n-てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010)\n\nWhere did that \"great\" come from? The sentence means \"I heard there are also\nquite a few girls who quit after falling love with you!\" or \"...girls who\nended up quitting/leaving because they loved you\". Does that make sense in the\ncontext?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T05:51:37.430",
"id": "83646",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 83645 | 83646 | 83646 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83655",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I use Google Translate to translate from Russian to Japanese, I get the\nsame Japanese word for two different colours of the rainbow.\n\n> ➡️ голубой ➡️ 青い ➡️ blue\n>\n> ➡️ синий ➡️ 青い ➡️ blue\n\nThese are _not_ the same colour! When I translate from English to Japanese, I\nget completely different words.\n\n> ➡️ light blue ➡️ 水色 ➡️ светло-синий (lit. light-navy-blue)\n>\n> ➡️ dark blue ➡️ 濃紺 ➡️ тёмно-синий (lit. dark-navy-blue)\n\nThese are two shades of the same colour! What confuses the crap out of me is\nthat the Russian terms _given here_ are both light and dark shades of the same\ncolour we call _navy_ in English...but I'm looking for the true/separate \"baby\nblue\" colour in Japanese.\n\nAre 水色 and 濃紺 the words I'm looking for? Are these the words a Japanese person\nwould use to describe the two \"blue\" colours in the rainbow?\n\nIn trying to answer this question, I became even more confused because, in the\nEnglish \"ROYGBIV\" mnemonic, the three final colours are \"blue, indigo, violet\"\nbut in the Russian \"КОЖЗГСФ\" the three final colours are \"baby blue, navy\nblue, purple\" (though the later is some sort of cognate with \"violet,\" it\nseems). It's like we're in different parallel universes.\n\nI'm fairly certain that _navy blue_ is by no stretch of imagination _indigo_.\nLikewise, _violet_ and _purple_ are two totally different colours.\n\nI don't know the Japanese mnemonic for the colors of the rainbow, but things\nare weird here too. Japanese appears to use 青い for _blue_ and 群青 for violet,\nso in _this_ sense the Japanese rainbow is closer to the English one. But why\nnot 紫 for the final colour?\n\nPlease help!",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T08:54:21.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83650",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-13T12:41:07.067",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-13T12:09:29.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "30119",
"owner_user_id": "30119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"i-adjectives",
"colors"
],
"title": "How to properly translate the last three colours of the rainbow in Japanese?",
"view_count": 228
} | [
{
"body": "Posted as an answer as requested (and yes the 'highly authoritative' was\nsacarstic).\n\nAccording to [this](https://www.nikon.co.jp/sp/kids/sky) highly authoritative\npage the last colour is 紫. It gives 赤・オレンジ・黄・緑・青・藍（あい）・紫（むらさき）",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T12:41:07.067",
"id": "83655",
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"score": 7
}
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| 83650 | 83655 | 83655 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83662",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I wonder if both prounciations of 十三日 are accepted?\n\n * じゅうさんにち\n * じゅうみっか\n\nThe reasons I am asking are these:\n\n 1. Windows IME seems to accept it\n 2. 十四日 is pronouncecd as じゅうよっか, matching the pronunciation of 四日, which is よっか, but my textbook says 十三日 should be pronounced as じゅうさんにち\n\nAt the same time, both Google Translate and my dictionary (Weblio) gives only\nthe first pronunciation (じゅうさんにち).\n\n 1. [Google Translate](https://translate.google.com/?sl=ja&tl=en&text=%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5%0A&op=translate)\n 2. [Weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%97%A5)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T11:20:17.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83653",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-14T00:55:57.483",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-13T22:25:48.987",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "39371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"readings",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Can I pronounce 十三日 as じゅうみっか?",
"view_count": 247
} | [
{
"body": "> Can I pronounce 十三日 as じゅうみっか?\n\n_Can_ you? Yes. You could also pronounce it as _wagawaga boom tash_ , or as\n_fweeeEEEEEE gobble gobble_. However, none of these are likely to be\nunderstood by Japanese speakers to mean \"the thirteenth day of the month\".\n\n> Windows IME seems to accept it\n\nThe Windows IME is probably parsing this as じゅう + みっか, not as じゅうみっか as a\nsingle term.\n\nIn fact, typing this here just now, I see that the IME has zero kanji\nconversion candidates for the whole kana string じゅうみっか -- only for the pieces\nof it, with じゅう as one sub-string and みっか as the other. If I instead enter the\nkana string じゅうさんにち, I do indeed see 十三日 as a conversion candidate for the\nentire kana string, not just a part of it.\n\n> 十四日 is pronounced as じゅうよっか, matching the pronunciation of 四日, which is よっか\n\n一日 is another irregular reading for dates, ついたち and never いちにち. Other dates up\nthrough \"the tenth\" use the native Japanese-derived readings. 二十日 for dates is\nalso native-derived, and is read as はつか, never にじゅうにち.\n\nAll of the \"fours\" in dates are strange for some reason, related to obscure\ndetails of historical development. This holds true for 四日 (only よっか, never\nよんにち or しにち), 十四日 (only じゅうよっか, never じゅうよんいち or じゅうしにち), and 二十四日 (only\nにじゅうよっか, never にじゅうよんにち or にじゅうしにち).\n\nOtherwise, other dates from \"the eleventh\" through to \"the thirty-first\" are\nread with the expected 音読【おんよ】み: 十一日【じゅういちにち】、二十五日【にじゅうごにち】、三十一日【さんじゅういちにち】.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T22:24:36.987",
"id": "83662",
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},
{
"body": "No, it is only pronounced as じゅうさんにち",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-14T00:55:57.483",
"id": "83664",
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]
| 83653 | 83662 | 83662 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 自信がなく **も** ない\n>\n> 自信がなく **は** ない\n\nWhat's the difference here? I understand that both constructions are basically\ndouble negatives that cancel themselves into positives, with は sandwitched\nthere to emphasize the negative. But the question is, what is も's purpose\nhere, and what's the difference in meaning between the two constructions?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T11:37:35.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83654",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-13T12:03:11.237",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "41270",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "～なくもない vs ～なくはない",
"view_count": 338
} | []
| 83654 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83660",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「それと、あくまでキスするのは今日の夜一二時だからね？士道に逃げられたりしたら困るから、無理に唇奪 **おうとかしないでね** ？」\n\nIs the bold part a combination of (意志形)〜ようとする and とか (so that the とか is used\nin place of と)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T16:10:09.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83657",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-14T00:15:10.997",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-14T00:15:10.997",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "(意志形)〜ようとする + とか=ようとかする?",
"view_count": 83
} | [
{
"body": "Yes there is とか in this sentence. The basic meaning of ～とか is \"things like ～\".\nBut its main role here is to soften the sentence by signaling the speaker is\naware that it's unlikely. 唇奪おうとしないでね without とか can sound like a serious\nrequest, but with とか, the sentence sounds more like a half-joke.\n\n明鏡国語辞典 has this explanation:\n\n> ### とか\n>\n> 〔若者ことばで〕断定の調子を避けてやわらげる。 \n> 「まだ用意━できてない」「さすが山田さん━言っちゃって」「いやだな━思わない？」 \n> ▶ 伝統的な言い方では、ほぼ「など」「でも」に当たる。\n\nとか has replaced と in the last two examples. \"嫌だなとか思わない?\" sounds milder than\n\"嫌だなと思わない?\", as if \"I guess?\" or \"maybe?\" were added.\n\n[なんて](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43769/5010) has a similar function:\n唇奪おうなんて思わないでね? / 唇奪おうなんてしないでね? (the latter is less common)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T20:39:53.637",
"id": "83660",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-13T21:22:59.813",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 83657 | 83660 | 83660 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83661",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am a bit unclear about which point of view we are talking about when\ndescribing the location of things. \nFor Example:\n\n> 小山さんは山下さんの右にいます。\n\nFor this sentence I have two possible interpretations:\n\n 1. Koyama is to Yamashita's right.\n 2. Koyama is to the right of Yamashita.\n\nIn the first one the POV is Yamashita, so assuming he is facing us, that would\nmean from our POV he is to the left. The second one is more ambiguous to me,\nbut I would usually assume that we are speaking from our POV here. I'm not\nnative in English though, so I could be a bit wrong here. \nRegardless, my questions is whether it is also ambiguous in Japanese or if\nthere is a clear POV?\n\nI have a feeling that it is more like the first interpretation, since that is\ncloser to how the の-particle works. \nIf there is a clear POV, would the same then also apply to 後ろ and 前?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T16:59:05.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83658",
"last_activity_date": "2021-04-05T02:23:46.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "39615",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Question about the point of view when using の右 / の左?",
"view_count": 265
} | [
{
"body": "小山さんは山下さんの右にいます is indeed ambiguous when the speaker is facing them. In a\nsituation like this, you should explicitly specify the point of view like so:\n\n * 小山さんは **山下さんから見て** 右にいます。\n * 小山さんは **{私/ここ/こちら/鈴木さん/皆さん/etc}から見て** 山下さんの右にいます。\n * 小山さんは山下さんの **向かって** 右にいます。\n\n向かって右/左 is a handy expression that fixates the POV to the listener (i.e.,\n\"your right/left\", but the POV can be the speaker when there is no listener).\nWhen you're seeing a photo, the POV is usually you, so you probably don't have\nto say 向かって or こちらから見て.\n\nThis is a common topic in educational programs for children.\n\n(Some fields may have their own customs. For example, in medical contexts, 右\nalways refers to the patient's right, not the examiner's, so you usually don't\nhave to say 患者さんから見て.\n[This](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PneumonisWedge09.JPG) is\ndefinitely 右の肺の異常 even when you're viewing a monitor.)\n\nAs for 前/後ろ, we have a special pair of words that automatically fix the POV to\nthe observer. See: [What is the difference between 前にある vs\n手前にある?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39075/5010) So when you say\n小山さんの前, the POV is always 小山さん.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T21:13:01.557",
"id": "83661",
"last_activity_date": "2021-04-05T02:23:46.697",
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"score": 8
}
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| 83658 | 83661 | 83661 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83668",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> A: どこですか？住んでるとこ \n> B: 私地元は逗子っていって鎌倉の方です。\n\nFirstly, is there supposed to be a ろ after the end of 住んでるとこ(as in, ところ, and\nwas it cut short due to conversation?)\n\nSecondly, does 言う in the te form simply loosely connect the first clause with\nthe following clause (A place called Zushi, near Kamakura) - like it doesn't\nmean 'and' here, it's more like a pause because she still has more to say?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-13T22:43:56.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83663",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-14T03:39:48.303",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-14T03:01:50.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "7705",
"owner_user_id": "32713",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Please help me understand this excerpt from Terrace House",
"view_count": 261
} | [
{
"body": "> Firstly, is there supposed to be a ろ after the end of 住んでるとこ(as in, ところ, and\n> was it cut short due to conversation?)\n\nIt was indeed shortened from `ところ`, but `とこ` is an extremely common\nabbreviation of `ところ` used in colloquial speech, so I wouldn't say that it was\n\"supposed to be\" `ところ`. This is mentioned briefly\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2683/7705) (for an entirely\ndifferent usage of `ところ`), but it's also listed as an alternative form of ところ\n[in Jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%89%80). If you're comfortable reading\nJapanese, you can also see [here](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/44023).\n\n> Secondly, does 言う in the te form simply loosely connect the first clause\n> with the following clause...?\n\nThe verb `言う` here is in the て form so that the first clause can be connected\nto the second, but the verb itself has semantic content here - it's not just a\nconnector. This `言う` is acting like \"called\" does in English when it's used to\nexplain the name of something. See\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/40253/7705) and also\n[Jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%A8%80%E3%81%86).\n\n> 私（の）地元は逗子っていって鎌倉の方です。\n\n> My hometown is called Zushi, in/near Kamakura.",
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| 83663 | 83668 | 83668 |
{
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"body": "In the phrase 議論する場として (from [this Wiki\npage](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%83%A8%E4%BC%9A)) which is the\ncorrect reading of 場? じょう or ば?",
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "議論する場としてreading of 場",
"view_count": 69
} | [
{
"body": "[場{ば}](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%A0%B4_%28%E3%81%B0%29/#jn-172829)\n\n> ある事が行われる所。「仕事の場」「場を外す」「その場に居合わせる」",
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| 83666 | 83667 | 83667 |
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"body": "厳しい寒さの影響で西日本を中心に暖房用の電力の需要が高まり、\n\nI’m quite confuse on the usage of particle を in this sentence. From my\nunderstanding, this を is marking the object which i think is 西日本 but i can’t\nfind the verb that will be using with this 西日本 を. Please help enlighten me\npls. Thanks in advance!\n\nPs. This is the full paragraph.\n厳しい寒さの影響で西日本を中心に暖房用の電力の需要が高まり、供給力に対する需要の割合を示す「使用率」は九州電力管内で97％、中国電力管内で98％まで上昇しました。",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
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],
"title": "Please help explain the use of particle を in this sentence",
"view_count": 60
} | []
| 83669 | null | null |
{
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"body": "I know the meaning of this, but I want to understand the structure of it like\nthe grammar/or conjugation used to get that meaning.",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Can someone with intimate knowledge of the language break down this phrase \"何食べたら大きくれるの\"",
"view_count": 110
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{
"body": "I might have incomplete knowledge of slang or dialects or something, but I'm\nvery confident this is a typo. As mentioned in comments, it looks like it\nshould be “何食べたら大きく **な** れるの”, meaning roughly \"what should I eat to get\nbig(ger)?\"\n\nI've been living in Japan for a while, and I've never heard a construction\nlike the one you posted, without な. れる by itself is not a word that I know of.",
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| 83670 | 83674 | 83674 |
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"body": "Sorry if this is the wrong place to post this, I'm trying to translate a short\ncomic that's only in Japanese, and wanted to check whether or not I'm doing\nalright\n\n1: 夢野ちゃんはさ\n\n1: いつまで魔法使いでいるのか？\n\n2: なあ?\n\n2: なんじゃ急に\n\n1: いや、ごめんごめん\n\n1: 別に今聞 くことじゃなかったよねー\n\n1: Hey Yumeno-Chan!\n\n1: How long do you intend to be a witch?/How long do you plan on being a\nmage/witch?\n\n2: Nyeh?\n\n2: Why are you asking all of a sudden?\n\n1: No, sorry, sorry/Ah, sorry, sorry\n\n1: Well it's not like we have to discuss this now/We don't exactly have to\ndiscuss it today/Well it's not like I have to hear about it now/Weell it's\nnothing I have to hear about now, right?\n\nAlso since I may as well ask, the next line is from 1 saying \"忘れてくれる?\", which\na few places claim would translate to \"Just forget about it\" or \"Forget about\nit\", but I didn't think that made sense when there's a question mark at the\nend. Would \"Don't want me to say it?\" Or \"Want to forget about it?\" seem more\naccurate?\n\n♧ ——————————————————————— ♧\n\nEdit before I've even posted:\n\nThey're close I think, also since 1 added くれる on the end, would it be more\nlike \"Want to forget about giving me an answer?\" So does 2 want 1 to forget\nabout receiving one?",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Does this seem like an accurate translation?",
"view_count": 155
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{
"body": "This looks good to me, although I've never heard of \"nyeh\" and might consider\nsomething more usual (\"huh\" or something). なあ？ sounds weird to me, I'm not\nsure if this is supposed to be angry or stammering of 何.\n\nAs for 忘れてくれる？, this could be translated as \"would you be so kind as to forget\nabout it?,\" although that's much too polite. More polite than 忘れてくれ, which\nwould be \"forget it.\" So yeah, it's basically the same thing as \"just forget\nit\" or \"would you drop it?\" or something of the like. The fact that it's a\nquestion isn't important and doesn't need to be translated.",
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"body": "Your translation seems good overall. The first word from 2 is んあ, which is\nsomething like \"Huh?\", \"Hmm?\" or \"Um?\". なあ doesn't have such a meaning. I\ndon't know how \"Nyeh\" works in that manga.\n\n\"忘れてくれる?\" is technically a question, \"Will you forget (for me)?\", but \"Forget\nabout it\" is perfectly fine, too. (You are comfortable with donatory verbs\nlike くれる/もらう, right?) So 1 wants 2 to forget about the silly question on this\npage.",
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"body": "It's an auxiliary verb, so I'm not sure whether or not it can conjugate. For\nexample, is it correct to end a sentence with「。。。が欲しがります」？ Also, if you, for\nexample, wanted to say that someone wants to want something,\nwould「[誰か]は[何か]が欲しがりたいです」work?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-14T06:19:59.103",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does「がる」conjugate?",
"view_count": 150
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{
"body": "Yes, it can conjugate just like a normal godan verb.\n\n * 欲しがらない\n * 欲しがります (-ません, -ました, ...)\n * 欲しがれば\n * 欲しがれ\n * 欲しがろう \n(This is rare as the \"let's want\" sense, but can be used as part of the\n[(よ)うと/(よ)うが construction](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A8%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%BE%E3%81%84%E3%81%A8-%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%8C%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%BE%E3%81%84%E3%81%8C-you-\nto-mai-you-ga-mai/), e.g., 欲しがろうが欲しがるまいが与えられる \"is given regardless of whether\none wants it or not\")\n\nBut it has many semantic restrictions, so please read\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23861/5010) before using them.\n\nWhen do you ever say \"I want to want it\" in English in the first place? 欲しがりたい\nmay be usable in a very limited context where the way you show your desire to\nsomeone is important, but it's probably best to forget something tricky like\nthis until you reach the near-native level.",
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"body": "I assume informal. Are there any cases when you would use formal, perhaps to\nbe sarcastic? And general, is informal or formal language used more in life (I\nmean for the average person - is it around 50-50? Or lopsided to one\ndirection?)",
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"tags": [
"formality"
],
"title": "Do Japanese people use formal or informal language for internal monologues?",
"view_count": 3705
} | [
{
"body": "Hard to say... until age 18 or so you'll use a lot of informal language\nbecause you have a lot of peers around (though if you are in a sports club the\nsituation might be different). Depending on where you work, that can change a\nlot when you get a job and you have hardly any peers.\n\nWhen there is an age difference, even if you are friends, you often keep using\nformal language, so you also use it for very close relationships.\n\nIf I had to guess 80% informal and 20% formal? I don't think people think in\nformal language though I have no proof.",
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"body": "I thought your question was a bit vague. Do you mean to ask if Japanese people\nuse 敬語/polite form when talking _among_ themselves? Or are you asking if they\nthink and talk _to_ themselves in 敬語?\n\nMost of us learners learn 敬語, the formal style, first. That is usually the\nfirst style of speech/writing we learn in our Japanese class. But for native\nspeakers it is different. Japanese kids use ため口/informal language growing up,\nwith parents and siblings. I seem to recall several newer Japanese\ntextbooks/online courses claiming that \"teaching language learners です・ます first\nis unnatural\", citing as an important reason something to the effect that \"the\ntraditional teaching methods have failed to accustom language learners to ため口,\nbut in reality ため口 is widely used by native Japanese speakers.\"\n\nMost Japanese kids start to correctly and profeciently use です・ます（敬体{けいたい}）in\n小３、小４ (3rd and 4th grade). (Heard this from my students. Some online sources\nalso seem to suggest age 10 is something of a watershed in terms of formal\nlanguage use. [「子供が敬語を正しく使い分けられるのは10歳頃からです。」](https://sengakuhisai.com/keigo-\nnansai-kara/)) Enter 敬語（丁寧語・尊敬語・謙譲語）around 小５ (5th grade). By the time\nJapanese kids enter middle school, they are fully adept at 敬語/formal style. I\nhave taught and tutored a lot of Japanese students from 中１ through 高３ (middle\nand high school) English and math, and they interact with each other in\nです・ます（敬語） when they are not yet on familiar terms. This is also the case in 塾\n(cram school) where students don't necessarily get to know one another very\nwell or make friends. Of course at school it is a different story. A lot of\nmiddle/high school students use ため口 at school with peers and people younger\nthan them. In the workplace 敬語 becomes the predominant style of speech.\n\n@naruto's correction and supplemental information:\n\n> Kindergarteners do understand and use basic ですます style. Folktales like\n> [桃太郎](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Japanese/Reader/Momotaro) are told in\n> that style, and 1st graders write diaries and compositions using です/ます (it's\n> not something we study explicitly, though). In the 4th grade they start to\n> learn romaji.\n\nIn terms of 独り{ひとり}言{ごと}, when they talk to themselves, most Japanese people\nuse ため/informal language, of course.",
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"body": "This question is interesting, but hard to answer with confidence, because you\ndon't talk about what you talk to yourself to others very often?\n\nWhen one talks to oneself, especially in inner speech, I'd assume 敬語 doesn't\nappear in most cases. This is because you don't have to be formal to yourself,\nand because talking to oneself is more akin to thinking rather than\ncommunication. Using 敬語-style is essentially a matter of relationships, which\nis irrelevant to some degree in thinking. (Playful uses 敬語 can be seen,\nthough.)\n\nA supportive, albeit indirect, observation could be sought in dramas and anime\n(and manga): when a character's thoughts are inserted verbally (soliloquies),\nI feel that 敬語 is less likely to be used even in those polite characters. I\nmight be proven to be wrong.\n\nOn the other hand, I do have occasions where I strongly tend to use 敬語 in\ninternal monologue or talking aloud to myself. It is when I talk to myself as\nanother me. For example, I often talk to myself at work in order to organise\nmy thoughts: it's kind of consulting another professional, which happens to be\nme myself[*1], about the problems at hand. In such cases, my speech is similar\nto those I make to my colleagues.\n\nI consider myself to be highly talkative-to-onself, so this may or may not\nhappen to many people. But I think it's true that which style you choose when\nyou talk to yourself depends on the distance between you (the talker) and\nyourself (the listener).\n\n* * *\n\n*1: I'm not dissociative and I don't hear back :)",
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| 83676 | null | 83684 |
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"body": "From a Meiji essay:\n\n> 写生のいひ写実といふは実際有りのままに **写すに相違なけれども** 元より多少の取捨選択を要す。\n\nWhat does なけれども do in this sentence? Is it more like:\n\n> ...写すに相違（がある）けど、元より...\n\nor\n\n> ...写すに相違(がない)けど、元より...\n\nor neither of these?",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
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"title": "What does なけれども mean here?",
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{
"body": "It's 相違無けれども = 相違無いけれども = 相違無いが、",
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| 83677 | 83681 | 83681 |
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"body": "When I searched the meaning of \"萌え\" in the dictionary it said that this word\nmeans \"sprouting, or crush (esp. on an imaginary character in manga, etc.)\"\n\nI have often heard that もえ means cute, but the meaning of this word in the\ndictionary is not close to \"cute\"\n\nDoes 萌え only refer to feelings of affection toward imaginary characters or\ndoes it have other meanings like cute?\n\nThank you for your time.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"owner_user_id": "40383",
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"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Does 萌え have the same meaning as もえ (cute)?",
"view_count": 129
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{
"body": "萌え is the kanji for もえ, so they are the same word.\n\n> Does 萌え only refer to feelings of affection toward imaginary characters or\n> does it have other meanings like cute?\n\nIt can refer to real people/animals/things, but it has a very strong\nassociation with おたく. Unless you want others to know you identify as an おたく,\nit's best not to use it. It can have sexual connotations and would be\ninappropriate in some situations (like a job interview).",
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"body": "This is a vhs promotional video about a videogame.\n\n[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUhd8qoQl6E&t=4m55s](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUhd8qoQl6E&t=4m55s)\n\nさらにタクティクスオウガでは、ユニットの武器や防具による攻撃、魔法攻撃、各ユニットの特性を生かした攻撃など、バラエティーに富んだアクションをもフルアニメーションで構成。\n\nMy question is, if 武器や防具による攻撃 means \"weapon and armor attacks\", how can\n\"armor\" attack?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-14T22:11:02.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83683",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"kanji",
"syntax",
"kana"
],
"title": "Does 防具による攻撃 mean \"attacks with armor\" or \"attacks depending on armor\"",
"view_count": 96
} | [
{
"body": "Yes it's \"attacks using armors\", or more specifically, shields. From [this\nblog article](https://anno-yuki.hatenablog.com/entry/39063808):\n\n>\n> また、盾は防具としてだけでなく、剣や斧などのように射程距離１マスの近接武器として使うことも可能。盾を構えて体当たりをくらわす、いわゆる「シールドバッシュ」ですね。 \n> 与えるダメージは極めて小さいですが、相手の体重（装備重量）が軽ければ１マスぶん突き飛ばすことができます。\n\nSome other games (eg [Dark Souls](https://youtu.be/29aurIGkUE4)) have this\nfeature.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-14T23:42:16.313",
"id": "83685",
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]
| 83683 | null | 83685 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Are there any rules or conventions on when to omit を (as in 1) or が (as in 2)\nwhen it comes to embedded questions?\n\n 1. この生物は何か教えてください。\n 2. どれがおいしいかまずいかさっぱりわかりません。\n\nMy gut feeling would be to generalize and say that the particles are mostly\ndropped in spoken /more casual language and kept in written/ more formal\nlanguage, but honestly I feel like I've seen them dropped relatively\nfrequently even in written language so I am unsure... Any thoughts?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T02:16:24.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83688",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20603",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"questions",
"subordinate-clauses",
"embedded-question"
],
"title": "Particle omission in embedded questions",
"view_count": 53
} | []
| 83688 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83690",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence that contains the word I came across.\n\n> あとでつらあ **たたっつけて** あやまってもようしゃしねえぞ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T03:01:39.737",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83689",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-15T04:38:43.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「たたっつけて」mean?",
"view_count": 93
} | [
{
"body": "It is a working-class accent of たたきつけて. I feel it is べらんめえ口調(江戸言葉).\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T04:38:43.730",
"id": "83690",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 83689 | 83690 | 83690 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83692",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I found a HiNative question where someone asked about the difference between\n[痛]{いた}さ and [痛]{いた}み. A native Japanese speaker gave this answer:\n\n> 「痛さ」は形容詞「痛い」が名詞化した名詞です。\n>\n> 「痛み」は動詞「痛む」の連用形が名詞化した名詞です。\n\nI was taught that み was a nominalizing suffix that is placed after\n[形]{けい}[容]{よう}[詞]{し}. However, this answer seems to suggest that it is just\nthe [連]{れん}[用]{よう}[形]{けい} of a verb ending in ～む.\n\nThis made sense to me at first;\n[痛]{いた}む、[悲]{かな}しむ、[苦]{くる}しむ、[楽]{たの}しむ、[愛]{いと}しむ →\n[痛]{いた}み、[悲]{かな}しみ、[苦]{くる}しみ、[楽]{たの}しみ、[愛]{いと}しみ.\n\nHowever, you then have words like nidan [温]{あたた}む, which has a\n[連]{れん}[用]{よう}[形]{けい} of [温]{あたた}め, but there is an [温]{あたた}かみ, and not to\nmention the extra か in there from the [形]{けい}[容]{よう}[詞]{し} [温]{あたた}かい.\n\nSo what is the deal with ～み? Where exactly does it come from? Or is it that\n[痛]{いた}み is just the [連]{れん}[用]{よう}[形]{けい} of 痛む, but み in [温]{あたた}かみ is\nsomething grammatically separate?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T05:19:36.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83691",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-15T18:00:04.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "39722",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"etymology",
"adjectives",
"suffixes",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "What's the origin of ～み following a 形容詞?",
"view_count": 337
} | [
{
"body": "_\" All of the み!\"_\n\nMore seriously, all of the ～み here are indeed just the 連用形【れんようけい】 of the\nverb-forming suffix ～む, with a base underlying meaning of \"seems like, looks\nlike, appears like: having that quality\". This ～む is very likely cognate with\nsuppositional and volitional verbal suffix ～む, which, via regular sound\nshifts, became the modern volitional verb ending ～おう (like in 行【い】こう) or ～よう\n(like in 食【た】べよう). This is also likely cognate with similar suffix ～びる (as in\nwords like 大人【おとな】びる, \"to be or seem like an adult\"; this had older form ～ぶ,\nexhibiting not-uncommon //m// ↔ //b// alternation). And, this is all likely\nalso cognate with 見【み】る, and with 目【ま・め】.\n\n(Consider the English cluster around _see_ and _seem_ , _look_ and _look like_\n, etc.)\n\nNote that this is looking **derivationally** , at where things come from and\nhow things have changed through time. My impression from various Japanese-\nlanguage materials is that most folks may well view ～み as just _\" a\nnominalizing suffix that is placed after [形容詞]{けいようし}\"_, and they don't think\ntoo much about how it might be related to other things.\n\n(To be fair, most native speakers of any language don't think too much about\nthe language itself -- it's up to us word nerds and language geeks to do that\nkind of pondering. ✨)\n\nRegarding your observation that some verbs that end in ～む have a 連用形 of ～め～,\nthat's actually a slightly different derivation: あたたむ is a verb, not an\nadjective + derivational suffix. あたたむ is the older form of modern あたためる. The\nrelated adjective + derivational suffix word is instead あたたかむ, which indeed\nhas a 連用形 of あたたかみ.\n\nThat said, the ～む that becomes ～める in あたたむ is in turn likely cognate again\nwith the same ～む in あたたかむ -- but that involves a discussion of verb\nconjugation paradigms that gets quite deep and involved, which would go beyond\nthe scope of this question. :)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T08:36:48.640",
"id": "83692",
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},
{
"body": "> Is it that 痛み is just the 連用形 of 痛む, but み in 温かみ is something grammatically\n> separate?\n\nYes, 痛み is the noun form (転成名詞) derived from the 連用形 of the verb 痛む, which\nderived from the i-adjective 痛い.\n\n痛い → 痛む → 痛み \n悲しい → 悲しむ → 悲しみ \n苦しい → 苦しむ → 苦しみ \nあわれな → あわれむ → あわれみ\n\nThe み in 温かみ is categorized as a suffix (接尾辞). According to some 国語辞典:\n\n> み〘接尾〙 \n> ❶ 《形容詞・形容動詞語幹に付いて名詞を作る》 \n> ㋐ そのような性質や状態である、そのように感じられる意を表す。 \n> 「赤みを帯びる」「温かみのある人柄」「甘み・新鮮み・ありがたみ」 \n> ㋑ そのような状態である場所の意を表す。 \n> 「高みに立つ」「深みにはまる」「茂みに入る」 \n>\n> ◇表記㋐㋑とも、「味」と当てるが、近年はかな書きが一般的（ただし、漢語形容動詞語幹に付くときは、「味」も多い）。なお、これは和語の接尾語で、「甘味料」「人間［醍醐］味」など漢語の「味」とは別。 \n> （明鏡国語辞典）\n\n> み［接尾］ \n> １ 形容詞・形容動詞の語幹に付いて名詞をつくる。 \n> ㋐そういう性質や状態、また、そういう感じを表す。「暖かみ」「ありがたみ」「新鮮み」 \n> ㋑そういう状態の場所を表す。「深みにはまる」「茂みに入る」 \n> （デジタル大辞泉）\n\nあたたかい（「あたたかな」もあります）→ あたたかみ \nやわらかい（「やわらかな」もあります）→ やわらかみ \nありがたい → ありがたみ \nおもしろい → おもしろみ \n青い → 青み \n新鮮な → 新鮮み \n真剣な → 真剣み \n嫌な → 嫌み",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T17:33:07.153",
"id": "83698",
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}
]
| 83691 | 83692 | 83692 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> 「 **一時はどうなることかと思った** けど、怪我の功名ってやつね。」\n\nI also found the expression 一時はどうなるかと思った(「At one point [For a while] I was\nreally worried.) in a dictionary. Are both 一時はどうなることかと思った and 一時はどうなるかと思った the\nsame?\n\nIf not, how are they different from each other?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T12:04:47.060",
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"id": "83693",
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"owner_user_id": "36662",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "一時はどうなることかと思った vs 一時はどうなるかと思った",
"view_count": 146
} | []
| 83693 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83695",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen some books with \"本ノック\" in the title, such as \"Python実践データ分析100本ノック\"\nand \"有機化学1000本ノック 反応機構編\" but can't figure out what it actually means.\n\nI've also seen it used in a sentence like below:\n\n> 実話100本ノックよ!!\n\nFor context, the speaker above is trying to prove to someone that ghosts\nexist, so they're saying something to the effect of \"having 100 true stories.\"\n\nIt seems to be a counter used to make what's being counted sound more\nimpressive than it actually is, but I have no idea.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T13:23:50.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83694",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": "31095",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"phrases",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"本ノック\"?",
"view_count": 314
} | [
{
"body": "It's [baseball\njargon](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF) (see ３) for\na type of _[fielding\npractice](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%8D%83%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%8E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF)_\n, but in this context the same term is used to mean _repeated practice_ or\n_drill_ in general.\n\nThanks to **goldbrick** for clarifying the baseball jargon.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T14:42:07.783",
"id": "83695",
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| 83694 | 83695 | 83695 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83702",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to express the structure “A or B”, where A and B are verbs in the\nimperative mood. The specific example I want to say is “Stand and rot or fall\napart right now.”\n\nI assume just saying 「立って朽ちろか今すぐバラバラになれなぁ」won’t work as か is used for\nalternatives with nouns.\n\nIs there a structure that I could use here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T17:40:53.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83699",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-16T03:00:12.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41583",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"grammar",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "How to express “<imperative> or <imperative>”?",
"view_count": 148
} | [
{
"body": "The simplest approach is to split the sentence into two and use a conjunctive\nsuch as\n[さもなくば](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%84%B6%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%B0)\n(literary/theatrical),\n[あるいは](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%88%96%E3%81%84%E3%81%AF) (formal) or それか\n(colloquial). Another approach is to use AかB(か) with plain form verbs and then\nadd 選べ or 決めろ at the end of the sentence.\n\n * ここで朽ち果てろ。さもなくば今すぐここでバラバラになれ。\n * ただここで朽ち果てるか、今すぐバラバラになるか、好きな方を選べ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T23:27:35.263",
"id": "83702",
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| 83699 | 83702 | 83702 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am learning the explanatory form のです. My book gives the example:\n\n> ケーキはもうないのです。犬がぜんぶ食べたのです。\n>\n> There is no more cake. That's because the dog ate everything.\n\nI don’t understand why they use the explanatory form in both sentences, I\nwould think it is used only in the last one. All the other examples I have\nfound work that way.\n\nCan anyone confirm that this example is good, and explain why? Thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T23:11:44.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83700",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-15T23:37:23.093",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41585",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"explanatory-の"
],
"title": "Explanatory form のです used in two consecutive sentences",
"view_count": 71
} | [
{
"body": "You are right, the first sentence looks fairly unnatural to me if this is\neverything in the conversation. You have to say ケーキがなくなってしまいました or something\nif this is the first sentence in a conversation.\n\nHowever, this may be valid if there is enough context before this, for\nexample:\n\n> A: 昨日買ったケーキを持ってきてくれ。 \n> B: 申し訳ありません、ケーキはもうないのです。犬がぜんぶ食べたのです。\n\nNow ケーキはもうない works as the reason for saying \"I'm sorry\", so the use of\nexplanatory-の in that position is also natural. (As an aside, んです is much more\ncommon than のです in speech, even in formal settings.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-15T23:37:23.093",
"id": "83703",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-15T23:37:23.093",
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| 83700 | null | 83703 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83705",
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"body": "When I wanted to use word 'measure' in the past I used 計測 or 測る. But recently\nI got a message from a Japanese co-worker:\n\n> 申し訳ありません \n> 18時前にネット障害がおこり最後の **計測** できませんでした... \n> まだ復旧してないので明日18時に **測定** します\n\nI understand what it says, but I am a little confused as to the difference\nbetween 計測 and 測定. Would it be correct if I used 計測 in the last sentence too?\nWhen do people use one over the other?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-16T00:37:03.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83704",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-17T08:03:13.670",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-16T01:42:55.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "41053",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"nouns",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 計測 and 測定?",
"view_count": 304
} | [
{
"body": "It appears to me the reason for choosing 「測定」in the last sentence may very\nwell have been something to do with 「定」. See [goo\n辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/kanji/%E5%AE%9A/#jn-149026):\n\n> 物事を決めて変えない。さだめる。さだまる。\n\nThis kanji has the meaning of \"making certain\", \"determine\", \"to firmly\nestablish\", \"to get fixed\".「測定」means to determine the value of something\naccurately. So when they talk about when it is possible to get an outcome, to\nestablish the value, they picked 「測定」. 「計測」just means to measure with tools.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-16T01:03:30.043",
"id": "83705",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-16T01:03:30.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30454",
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},
{
"body": "While they both can translate \"to measure\", there is a slight difference. Even\namong dictionaries, there are difference in definition, so I am using the\n[Japan Industrial Standard\ndefinition](https://kikakurui.com/z8/Z8103-2019-01.html).\n\n測定{そくてい} means to measure against a standard (unit) and obtain data. \n計測{けいそく} means to use data from obtained through measurement and process it to\nobtain a result for a certain purpose.\n\nSo 計測 includes 測定 within its definition. You can think of 測定 as the simple\nmeasurement, whereas 計測 are more complex measurement that uses data obtained\nfrom 測定. An example would be measuring weight (測定) vs measuring BMI (計測）.\n\nThat being said, most Japanese speakers would not be able to explain the\ndifference off the top of their head (I couldn't), so using one in place of\nthe other isn't going to be the end of the world.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-17T08:03:13.670",
"id": "83719",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-17T08:03:13.670",
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"owner_user_id": "9508",
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}
]
| 83704 | 83705 | 83705 |
{
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"body": "甲斐{がい} seems to have the property where it conjugates with the 連用形 of verbs\nunlike most nouns with which verbs typically attach with the 終止形. i.e you say\n生き甲斐 instead of 生きる甲斐, やり甲斐 instead of やる甲斐. I imagine this is due to some\nrelic of older Japanese, but I'm unsure what it is.\n\nThinking about it a bit for some other nouns that might do this, it seems that\n損 might have this property as well.\n\nIs there a name for nouns that work like this? And are there some other\nexamples of nouns that do this?",
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"tags": [
"nouns"
],
"title": "Are there other words like 甲斐?",
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{
"body": "How about 「接尾語になる名詞」 or 「複合語の後ろの要素になる名詞」, perhaps?\n\n「教える[甲斐]{かい}」「教え[甲斐]{がい}」 \n「困ること」「困りごと」 \n「サボる[癖]{くせ}」「サボり[癖]{ぐせ}」 \n「置く場所」「置き場所」 \n「行く場」「行き場」 \n「送る先」「送り先」 \n「帰る道」「帰り道」 \n「食べる[時]{とき}」「食べ[時]{どき}」 \n「食べる物」「食べ物」 \n「座る順」「座り順」(← probably colloquial. maybe only used in Kansai?) \n「死ぬ[様]{さま}」「死に[様]{ざま}」\n\netc... ??",
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"body": "I know たい means \"want to.\" But the examples below confused me. Especially the\nsecond sentence translates to \"I want to eat.\" I don't know why this is the\ntranslation. I'm not sure what is the subject in the second sentence. If I use\n\"I\", then it would be awkward because it would mean \"I am want-to-eatable\"? Is\nit a weird exception? If the actual subject is \"I\", I'm not sure why would たい\nmean \"want to eat\" instead of \"want-to-eatable.\"\n\n僕は魚が食べたい。\n\nlit: As for me, fish is want-to-eatable.\n\n僕は食べたい。\n\nlit: As for me, [SUBJECT] is want-to-eatable.",
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"particle-が",
"subjects"
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"title": "Subject confusion in ~たい sentences",
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{
"body": "In a clause, both the subject and the object for 食べたい are marked with が. In\nother words, \"(that) I want to eat fish\" is expressed as 私が 魚が 食べたい（こと）.\n\nIn a sentence, however, you have to add は to either or both of the subject and\nthe object. When you add it to the subject, the sentence becomes 私は 魚が 食べたい.\nLikewise, 魚は 私が 食べたい for object, and 私は 魚は 食べたい for both.",
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"body": "There's a lot of confusion about Japanese grammar, that is often caused by\ntrying to understand the Japanese grammar through the lens of the English\ntranslation. English and Japanese are structurally _very_ different, so it's\nnot at all surprising that this approach would muddle things.\n\n * As an example, you start out by saying, _“I know たい means \"want to.\"”_ \n \nAnalyzed differently, all ～たい forms are adjectives that have no objects (since\nadjectives can't have objects), and these adjectives describe subjects as\n\"desirable\" for having the action of the verb performed upon them.\n\n * You also say, _“I'm not sure what is the subject in the second sentence. If I use \"I\", then it would be awkward because it would mean \"I am want-to-eatable\"?”_ \n \nWhen using は (in simpler sentences like these), you're not marking either\nsubject or object -- you're marking the topic, the outermost context about\nwhich the rest of the sentence describes the circumstances.\n\nLet's look at your sample sentences.\n\n## Sentence 1: 僕【ぼく】は魚【さかな】が食【た】べたい。\n\nAs you note, a direct translation could be, _“As for me, fish is want-to-\neatable.”_ We could render this slightly differently, as _“[[As for]{は}]\n[[me]{僕}], [[fish]{魚}] is **[[desirable for]{～たい}] [[eating]{食べ～}]**.”_\n\nAn analysis:\n\n * 僕【ぼく】は \nThe 僕【ぼく】 is marked as the topic with は, so we know that the 僕【ぼく】 is the\noutermost context, about which we are then talking about other things in\nrelation to that outermost context. English doesn't have this distinction in\nthe same way, so we make do by using the slightly-awkward phrasing, _\" as for\n~,\"_.\n\n * 魚【さかな】が \nThe 魚【さかな】 is marked as the subject with が, so we know that the 魚【さかな】 is the\ninner context, about which the following verbs or adjectives would apply.\n\n * 食【た】べたい \nWhile this is _translated_ as a verb phrase, _\" want to eat\"_, using the two\nverbs _\" want\"_ and _\" eat\"_, this 食【た】べたい is technically an adjective that\ndescribes some **quality** of a thing. In this sentence, it's describing the\nsubject 魚【さかな】 as having the **quality** of _\" desirable for eating\"_.\n\n## Sentence 2: 僕【ぼく】は食【た】べたい。\n\nAs you note, a direct translation could be, _“As for me, [SUBJECT] is want-to-\neatable.”_ Tweaked as above, we might have, _“[[As for]{は}]\n[[me]{僕}],`[SUBJECT]` is **[[desirable for]{～たい}] [[eating]{食べ～}]**.”_\n\nAn analysis:\n\n * 僕【ぼく】は \nThe 僕【ぼく】 is marked as the topic with は, so we know that the 僕【ぼく】 is the\noutermost context, about which we are then talking about other things in\nrelation to that outermost context. English doesn't have this distinction in\nthe same way, so we make do by using the slightly-awkward phrasing, _\" as for\n~,\"_.\n\n * 食【た】べたい \nWhile this is _translated_ as a verb phrase, _\" want to eat\"_, using the two\nverbs _\" want\"_ and _\" eat\"_, this 食【た】べたい is technically an adjective that\ndescribes some **quality** of a thing. In this sentence, ... \n \nWe don't have a subject! \n \nOh no!\n\n... except, Japanese is a language that allows for lots of omission. Consider\nthese simple transitive sentences:\n\n * 僕【ぼく】は魚【さかな】を食【た】べる。 \n * → We've got a topic, and an object. Considering the context of that topic, we also know that the subject -- the agent of the verb, the person or thing doing the action -- is the same as the topic.\n * 魚【さかな】を食【た】べる。 \n * → We don't have a subject!\n * 僕【ぼく】は食【た】べる。 \n * → Hey, wait a minute -- we don't have an object!\n * すぐ食【た】べる。 \n * → Ack! Now we don't have _either_ a subject _or_ an object!\n\nDespite the challenges of not having various pieces of information, Japanese\ngrammatically allows all of the above, and listeners (or readers) of the above\nwill still understand what is being talked about.\n\nGetting back to your sample sentence #2:\n\n * 僕【ぼく】は食【た】べたい。\n\nUnless this is a very strange context about monsters, cannibals, or the like ,\nwe can be reasonably sure that the 僕【ぼく】 is not the subject of the adjective\n食【た】べたい -- this is not saying that the _“[I]{僕}”_ is _“[[desirable for]{～たい}]\n[[eating]{食べ～}].”_\n\nInstead, what we have here is an e̲x̲plicit topic, marked with は, and an\ni̲m̲plicit subject, which is simply omitted. This is a parallel kind of\nconstruction as 僕【ぼく】は食【た】べる, where we don't explicitly mention what is being\neaten. In 僕【ぼく】は食【た】べたい, we don't explicitly mention what is desirable for\neating. We know that _something_ is desirable for eating, but we don't have\nthe specifics for what it is -- this is saying that, _“[[As for]{は}]\n[[me]{僕}],`[something unspecified]` is **[[desirable for]{～たい}]\n[[eating]{食べ～}]**.”_\n\nBy extension, we know that the desire to eat is what we're talking about, with\nregard to the circumstances of the outermost context, 僕【ぼく】.\n\nSo in translation, we wind up with something that is grammatically quite\ndifferent from the source Japanese, simply because English is grammatically\nquite different. Instead of saying, _“[[As for]{は}] [[me]{僕}],`[something\nunspecified]` is **[[desirable for]{～たい}] [[eating]{食べ～}]** ”_, we say\n_“[[I]{僕}] **[[want to]{～たい}] [[eat]{食べ～}]**.”_\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question, or if you find it\nconfusing, and I can update the post accordingly.",
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"body": "Let's see if I can clear some confusion. In Japanese as opposed to English は\ndoes not function the same way 'is' does in English. It is a topic marker\nmarking what the sentence is about. In the case of 私は食べたい。 The topic is 'I'\nand the verb is \"want to eat'. It would be kind of like saying, \"As for me, I\nwant to eat.\" The closest word to is, are, and other be verbs is actually である\nand it is really formal Japanese. In conversation です is used in polite\nconversation, though it is often dropped entirely for adjectives and the like.\n\nOne last thing I should mention is that, unless you are comparing your\npreference to eat to someone else in juxtaposition to their own preference you\nprobably wouldn't use this structure too much. If the topic of 'you' is\nalready established, it is simply better to declare using が what exactly you\nwant to eat. Thus 私は魚が食べたいです。 can be shortened to 魚が食べたいです。. Hope this helps a\nlittle.",
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"body": "> 「おおっ、こんなぜいたくな物がうちにある **とは** 珍しいね」 \n> Oh, finding such luxurious presents at our place is unusual.\n\nI'm a bit confused by the と in this sentence. I can only imagine that it is a\nconditional と. I guess \" **if** there are presents at our place it's unusual\"\nmakes sense but it seems awkward and it feels to me that it would be equally\nawkward in Japanese.\n\nPresumably the は is just there for emphasis?\n\nI would have been more comfortable if it had been ある **こと** は ( **the fact\nthat** there are presents at our place is unusual) with は just as a normal\ntopic marker. Would this be wrong?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-と",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Understanding あるとは珍しい",
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| 83710 | null | null |
{
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"body": "> 「……さらわれて？兄様、 **どういうことでいやがりますか** ？」\n>\n> 「ーーミオは……どこにいるんだ？あいつが助けてくれたんじゃないのか？」\n>\n> 「だから、何を言ってやがるんですか、兄さーー」\n\nI know 「どういうこと」 means “What do you mean” and 「やがる」is her 口癖. But I cannot\nunderstand the 「でい」.\n\nMaybe it’s「どういうこと」+「でいる」+「やがる」? And this 「でいる」 is like \"to stay/keep ～\", as in\nthis thread? [https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/66270/what-is-the-\ndifference-between-でいる-and-である-in-this-\nexample](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/66270/what-is-the-\ndifference-\nbetween-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B-and-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B-in-this-\nexample)",
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"tags": [
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"title": "「どういうこと」+「でいる」+「やがる」=「どういうことでいやがりますか？」",
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{
"body": "やがる describes something while expressing disdain/contempt/hostility. For\nexample, if you say 休んでいやがる instead of just 休んでいる, it means you consider them\nto be enemies (or at least subject of your contempt), and implies you'd rather\nsee them not 休む.\n\nHere, this やがる is shoehorned onto どういうことだ. This sounds odd because it should\nbe hard to feel contempt towards something you don't even know. It's even\nodder because it's combined with a question (どういうことでやがりますか？). Usually if you\nare using やがる your main point is expressing contempt (rather than ask a\nquestion at the same time).\n\nThis is done here because the author is using this form to add a distinct\nspeech to the character (so the character adds it no matter what the context\nis because it's their \"signature speech\").\n\nComing back to your specific question, the \"normal form\" would be\nどういうことでありますか, but it's very wordy to say どういうことでありやがりますか, so the author opted\nfor どういうことで居やがりますか. IMO どういうことでやがりますか would have been more natural, but\nwhichever form you use it's unnatural anyways. I think the author just liked\nthe former form better. You won't hear this expression in real-life.",
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"body": "I know that it literally means \"to cut hair\" but it was used as following:\n\n> おはよう！ 髪を切る\n\nIs this an idiom, and if so, when do you use it?",
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"creation_date": "2021-01-16T14:42:38.450",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases"
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"title": "What does 「髪を切る」mean?",
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{
"body": "I think you mention the sentence from Gintama \"第69話「ゴミの分別回収にご協力下さい」\". Kagura\nsaid \"おはようございます。髪切った？\" \n[Someone tweeted the\npart.](https://twitter.com/kondosang/status/903994886692544512)\n\nThis is just a Joke. NOT idiom.\n\nI think it is too difficult to understand this joke for those who haven't\nlived in Japan for long time.\n\nTo understand this Joke, you need to know the followings:\n\n 1. The very famous TV show \"世にも奇妙な物語\", horror TV show.\n 2. The famous music in the TV show. (the similar music is played in the Gintama's episode)\n 3. The very famous Emsee of the TV show, \"Tamori\"\n 4. Tamori often asked everyone \"髪切った？\" on other TV shows.\n 5. So, some comedian like コージー富田 imitate that, \"髪切った？\"\n\nThen, it looks a horror in this Gintama's episode, \"第69話「ゴミの分別回収にご協力下さい」\".\n\nKagura imitatied/copied \"Tamori\" after she said \"おはようございます。\" to wake Ginchan\nup.\n\nAnyway, this is just Joke/parody.\n\nI don't know who said \"おはよう。髪切る。\" and what context it is, but I think he/she\nimitated this joke/parody.",
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"body": ">\n> 魔力で刃を編んだレイザーブレイドタイプの<カレドヴルフ>に比べ、実剣の表面を魔力で覆うタイプの<ヴォルフテイル>は、その構造上どうしても最大出力値ーー要は一撃の威力\n> **に** 劣る。\n\nI know the pattern「AがBに劣る」means “A is inferior to B”. But in this context it\ndoesn’t seem to be the case. So what would be the function of に here?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
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],
"title": "Understanding に in 「一撃の威力に劣る」",
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{
"body": "Here is the relevant sense, as defined on 精選版 日本国語大辞典’s entry for に\n(translation attempt mine), found on\n[コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AB-590835):\n\n> ⑭ 成否、巧拙、好悪などを問題にする対象を表わす。 (\"marks an object with respect to which one's\n> success/failure, skilledness/unskilledness, like/dislike is being\n> discussed\")\n\nOr less relevantly (I think):\n\n> ⑮ ある属性や能力を持っている対象を表わす。 (\"marks an object with respect to which one has a\n> particular attribute or ability\")\n\nMore practically speaking, it is mostly used to indicate a quality you have a\nlot or little of, or something you are good or bad at, similar to the English\npreposition \"in\", as in these examples:\n\n・分別に欠けている \"lacking in discretion\"\n\n・変化に乏しい \"deficient in variation\"\n\n・ユーモアに富む \"rich in humor\"\n\n・技芸に長けている \"excellent in arts\"\n\n・耐久性に優れている \"superior in durability\"\n\nSo our problem at hand 一撃の威力に劣る translates (literally) to \"is inferior in\n(terms of) the force of one strike\".",
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| 83713 | 83717 | 83717 |
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"body": "Scanning a long list of counters, the Chinese derived イチ ニ numerals seem to be\nprevalent. Is there any pattern or logic to the exceptions, i.e. when the\nnative ひと ふた numerals are used?",
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"tags": [
"counters"
],
"title": "choice of ひと ふた vs イチ ニ etc. with counters",
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"body": "The context is that the person is struggling to figure out how he should\nrespond to the affection from a girl he knows. She hasn't clearly said\nanything to him but has made her feelings obvious through her actions and what\nshe says. In the below he is wondering how to respond, however I'm unsure how\nthe end of the first part of the sentence leads into the second.\n\n> 僕の方から思いきり甘えてみて(in the line before this he asks for a 膝枕)、それで気持ちが本当なら……\n>\n> それはそういうことだろうと、僕は自分自身に答えを出せる気がした。\n\n* * *\n\nI've typed up my understanding of these parts of the sentences below.\n\nそれで気持ちが本当なら - If feelings are true ...\n\nそれはそういうことだろうと、僕は自分自身に答えを出せる気がした - This is split into two parts, それはそういうことだろうと\nwhich is his 答え (I believe meaning that he loves her), and 僕は自分自身に答えを出せる気がした\nwhich is him saying that he felt he would be able to come up with this answer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-16T19:33:31.647",
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"id": "83715",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understand how these two sentences link together",
"view_count": 115
} | []
| 83715 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83721",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Full text: 帯域通過特性によってセンスアンプに入った信号から心電位が検出される。\n\nMy issue: 心電. What do we translate this? Is it Heart potential or\nElectrocardiographic potential?\n\nMy understanding: The heart potential/electrocardiographic potential is\ndetected from the signal entering the sense amplifier due to the bandpass\ncharacteristic.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-17T10:09:29.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83720",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "心電. What do we translate this?",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "It's not 心電 + 位 but 心 (heart; cardio-) +\n[電位](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D) ([electric\npotential](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_potential)). 心電位 is\n\"electric potential of the heart\". Or you can simply use \"electric potential\"\nwhen there is enough context (i.e., when everyone understands this article is\nabout ECG).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-17T11:36:55.917",
"id": "83721",
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| 83720 | 83721 | 83721 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83726",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Can anyone here please help me with this sentence? 私達は交代で運転した, what does で\nmean here?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-17T21:07:34.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83725",
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"owner_user_id": "41601",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "what does the particle で do in this sentence",
"view_count": 89
} | [
{
"body": "One of the basic functions of the case particle で is to mark the means of an\naction.\n\nLiterally the sentence then means \"We drove by alternation\", which in human\nEnglish will be \"We drove there by taking turns behind the wheel\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-17T21:28:37.287",
"id": "83726",
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| 83725 | 83726 | 83726 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83728",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Would the で in というわけで be analyzed as the te-form of da or the de particle?\nBoth of them seem like they would fit, as the de particle can indicate\ncause/reason (as alluded to in this [similar\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/65554/is-\nthe-%E3%81%A7-in-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E7%90%86%E7%94%B1%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%A7-a-form-\nof-%E3%81%A0-or-the-instrumental-particle)) but [another\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/27863/explanatory-\nparticle-%E3%81%AE-comes-from-%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7?rq=1) states that ので can be\ninterpreted as \"て form of the explanatory particle の with だ...\" and indeed\nというわけだ is by itself a valid phrase.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T03:03:17.763",
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"id": "83727",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions",
"て-form",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Is the で in というわけで the de-particle or the te-form of だ?",
"view_count": 551
} | [
{
"body": "というわけで in the middle of a sentence is NOT interchangeable with というわけであって,\nというわけであり or というわけでして, so I think this type of で is a _particle_ that marks a\ncondition/scope.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-18T03:30:01.723",
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| 83727 | 83728 | 83728 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83731",
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"body": "I have encountered many grammatical structures used when describing things\nmade of many parts, each one corresponding to a single grammatical structure\nin English: [numeral] [thing counted] [thing described]\n\n 1. 3階建て 3 storey building\n 2. 3ページ **の** 本 3 page book\n 3. 3本 **足** の椅子 3 legged chair\n 4. 3人 **の** 女性会社 3 woman company\n 5. 3匹の犬 **の** 囲い 3 dog enclosure\n\nI would like to know if there are rules to know which pattern to use.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T05:19:10.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83729",
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"owner_user_id": "38654",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Describing things made of many parts",
"view_count": 111
} | [
{
"body": "The basic pattern is fairly simple also in Japanese: `number + counter + の +\nnoun`. 3ページの本 follows this pattern pretty straightforwardly.\n\n * You can think -階建て and -本足 are basically counters on their own (although I don't know if they are true counters; some dictionaries may classify them as suffixes). Note that you have to say 3階建ての建物 to say \"3-story _building_ \". There are a few long and specific \"counters\" like these, which you have to remember along with the meanings. Other examples include -人組, [-人乗り](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%97%E3%82%8A), [-人前](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/27625/5010), [-本撮り](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%E6%9C%AC%E6%92%AE%E3%82%8A) and [-枚落ち](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handicap_\\(shogi\\)). These types of expressions are small in number and are rarely coined.\n * 3人の女性会社 literally means \"three-person woman-company\", but I'm not sure what 女性会社 refers to. 女性会社 sounds like this is a [compound word with some special meaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/27487/5010). If you want to say \"a company consisting of three women\", use 女性3人の会社.\n * As for 3匹の犬の囲い, 3匹の犬 perfectly follows the pattern above. ～の囲い means something like \"the fence for ～\", but this part has nothing to do with counting things.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NQbDH.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-18T06:14:31.237",
"id": "83731",
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"score": 4
}
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| 83729 | 83731 | 83731 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83732",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This sentence is an excerpt from\n<https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10012813311000/k10012813311000.html>\n\n京都大学の西浦博教授は、東京都でこれから新しいコロナウイルス **が** うつる人 **が** どのように変わるか計算しました。\n\nIs my understanding correct?\n\n 1. うつる人が is the subject of the intransitive verb 変わる, so it must take が\n 2. 新しいコロナウイルスが is the subject of the relative clause, and so it also must take が?\n\nSo essentially this sentence can be loosely translated as: Professor Hiroshi\nNishiura from Kyoto University has calculated how people who will become\ninfected with new corona virus will change in Tokyo from now on?\n\n:S",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T05:49:09.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83730",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-18T06:50:23.230",
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"owner_user_id": "32713",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"relative-clauses",
"subordinate-clauses"
],
"title": "How can there be 2 X が in this sentence?",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "There are nested clauses, and that's why there are two が's. To break down:\n\n * 新しいコロナウイルスは人にうつる。 \nThe novel coronavirus infects people. \n(Note that うつる is an intransitive verb in Japanese)\n\n * 新しいコロナウイルスがうつる人 \npeople which the novel coronavirus infects \n(Simple relative clause)\n\n→ people infected by the novel coronavirus\n\n * 新しいコロナウイルスがうつる人(の数)がどのように変わるか \nhow the (number of) people infected by the novel coronavirus changes\n\nJudging from the remaining part of the article, this sentence is clearly about\nthe change in **the number of** (infected) people, not the change of people\nthemselves. I don't know why the text said 人がどのように変わるか (\"how people changes\")\ninstead of 人の数がどのように変わるか (\"how the number of people changes\"). Sometimes this\n\"easy\" news from NHK omits words a little too aggressively...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T06:38:41.363",
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| 83730 | 83732 | 83732 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 遊「いい先輩だけど！俺にとってはちょっとやっかいな先輩なの！」\n>\n> 子供の頃、無理矢理、乱取り稽古に付き合わされたし。\n>\n> 本人は『あんたをもっと強くしてやる』という善意だったらしいが。\n>\n> そもそも合気道の達人 **が** 、一般人と8時間も組み手をしないでほしい。\n\nHi. I was taught to use the construction 「Aに ...しないでほしい」. So why is the bold\npart が instead of に? Doesn’t it mean “I don’t want the 達人 to practice 合気道 with\nordinary people for 8 hours”?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T10:25:51.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83734",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Aが ...しないでほしい or Aに ...しないでほしい?",
"view_count": 223
} | [
{
"body": "First, I think しないでほしい is usually not used with ～に in this situation though\n”してほしくない” is often used with ～に.\n\nIn my opinion, しないでほしい is usually used solely. The object is \"you\", and it is\nusually omitted.\n\n> そこに座らないでほしい。 I want you not to sit there.\n\nAに...しないでほしい can be used with \"と言った\", \"と思った\" and so on in a sentence like\nthis:\n\n> 私は彼にもうこれ以上罪を侵さないでほしいと言った。 \n> I said to him that I wanted him not to commit sin anymore. \n> or \n> I said to him \"I want you not to commit sin anymore.\". \n> \n>\n\nPerhaps, Aに...しないでほしい you learned may be as below.\n\n> 彼に迷惑行為をしないでほしい。 I want you not to do him anything he doesn't like. \n> 彼女に近づくことはしないでしい。/彼女に近づかないでほしい。 I want you not to be close to her. \n>\n\nIn this case, there are two object unlike the above two cases. One is \"you\"\nand the other is \"someone/something\". \nIt is the case we want \"you\" not to do something to \"someone/something\".\n\nIf you said\n\n> そもそも合気道の達人 **に** 、一般人と8時間も組み手をしないでほしい。\n\nI think this means...\n\n> In the first place, I want you not to do Kumite against 達人 (cooperating)\n> with ordinary people for 8 hours.\n\nHowever, In my opinion, the correct meaning is\n\n> In the first place, I want you not to do anything like that 達人 (like you)\n> does sparring/Kumite with ordinary people (like me) for 8 hours.” \n> そもそも合気道の達人が一般人と8時間も組み手をするなんてこと、しないでほしい。\n\nI think 遊 talks to 先輩 directly in his brain though she is not there. \n \n\nBy the way, there is another explanation like\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/73128/can-a-verb-be-\nmodified-too-many-times/73129#73129) or other answers. \nPerhaps, I could be wrong, but I strongly feel it is weird to say/hear\n\"AはBに～しないでほしい\"... though it may be grammatically correct.\n\nSo, please note this is just my opinion as a Japanese.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-18T18:11:24.577",
"id": "83740",
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{
"body": "Technically speaking, が marks the subject that wants someone else to do\nsomething, just as you say.\n\n * Aが Bに …してほしい：A wants B to do it\n\nIn practice, however, the form of してほしい itself often functions as a mood,\nrather than voice, that stands for the speaker's own desire. As a result, it's\nalso used in the form where が marks the agent of the desired action.\n\n * Aが …してほしい： I want A to do it / A should do it\n\nAs for the difference between normal に, the が version conveys a sense that you\nwant or do not want **none other than that person** to do it. In that sense,\nwe could think of it as a kind of exhaustive が.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-19T06:19:26.317",
"id": "83758",
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{
"body": "This is a very interesting question and I don't have a clear answer, but I'm\nwondering if this is related to the \"derogatory vocative-like が\" explained in\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72072/5010) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/76418/5010).\n\nThis が is used only when the speaker has a negative feeling about the person.\nFor example, you **cannot** replace に with が in the following examples (at\nleast, not with the same meaning):\n\n * 彼 **に** この本を読んで欲しい。\n * 彼 **に** この本を読まないで欲しい。 \n(EDIT: Apparently this is not as common as I had initially perceived; see the\ncomments and Kay's answer)\n\n * 彼 **に** この本を読んで欲しくない。\n\nHowever, somehow we **can** say the following:\n\n * 彼のような人間 **が** この本を読まないで欲しい。\n * 彼のような人間 **が** この本を読んで欲しくない。\n * 馬鹿 **が** この本を読まないで欲しい。\n * 馬鹿 **が** この本を読んで欲しくない。\n\nAnd the only reason I can think of is that 彼のような人間 and 馬鹿 are\nnegative/derogatory phrases. Of course 合気道の達人 is basically positive, but here\nit has a negative implication, \"an inappropriate person to train a child\".\n\nUnfortunately I don't know how this can be generalized further...",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-19T07:03:05.497",
"id": "83759",
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| 83734 | null | 83759 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83736",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While translating the bolded sentence in the following paragraph, I find\nmyself unable to translate the 何も, as my genki textbook, the [online\ndictionary I am using](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BD%95%E3%82%82), and the\nonline textbook I am using all say that 何も is used in negative sentences, or\nonly give translations for it's use in negative sentences only.\n\n> 体力も神経も使い果たし、疲{つか｝れ果てて泥｛どろ｝のように眠｛ねむ｝る毎日が続く。\n> 余計なことを考える暇｛ひま｝もなければ、夢を見ることもない。やがて、そ んな生活に慣れはじめると、今度は物事をじっくりと考えることが苦痛になってきた。そ\n> **の時々の課題をクリアすることに、全力で取り組んでいる間は、何も思い悩｛なや｝んだりせずにすむ。**\n\nI'm ninety percent certain the bolded sentence isn't being negated, so how do\nI go about translating a 何も in a positive sentence?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T13:07:24.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83735",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-18T14:31:24.453",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-18T13:21:18.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "26406",
"owner_user_id": "26406",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"negation"
],
"title": "What does the 何も mean in the bolded positive sentence?",
"view_count": 119
} | [
{
"body": "You're correct that 何も is a [negative polarity\nitem](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/74377/5010) that means \"(not) at\nall\". But you seem to have missed せず is a **negative** verb that roughly means\nしないで.\n\n * [せず - What does it come from?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29734/5010)\n * [What is the difference between the negative forms -ず and -ぬ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/235/5010)\n * [JLPT N2 Grammar: ずに済む](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%9A%E3%81%AB%E6%B8%88%E3%82%80-zu-ni-sumu-meaning/)\n\n> その時々の課題をクリアすることに、全力で取り組んでいる間は、 **何も** 思い悩なやんだりせずにすむ。 \n> As long as you put all your energy into completing the task at hand, you\n> don't have to worry about anything **at all**.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-18T14:31:24.453",
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]
| 83735 | 83736 | 83736 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83738",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I met the following exercise online in some very introductory tests.\n\nIt uses \"入れてください\".\n\nBut, isn't \"Please enter\", rather \"入ってください\"？\n\nI probably still need to learn some new imperative forms but I couldn't make\nout quite what this is (very beginner)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/b3roS.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-01-18T14:51:56.433",
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"id": "83737",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Hairete kudasai",
"view_count": 141
} | [
{
"body": "You seem to be confusing 入{はい}る (to enter) with 入{い}れる (to let/put in). You're\nprobably confused because they use the same kanji but they are different\nverbs. There is no imperative form here.\n\n入{はい}る is an intransitive verb. But 入{い}れる is transitive (can take an object),\nso すずしいかぜを入{い}れてください means \"please let in some fresh air\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T15:26:15.423",
"id": "83738",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-19T17:54:54.240",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-19T17:54:54.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "83737",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 83737 | 83738 | 83738 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "(Using the verb \"飲む\" as an example)\n\n * 飲みたいですか？\n * 飲みたくないですか？\n * 飲むことが欲しいですか？\n\nWhat are the differences between these forms? Also, is there a more natural\nway to ask if someone wants to do something?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T18:16:09.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83741",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-18T18:16:09.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "41607",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"questions"
],
"title": "What is the most natural way (or differences) to ask if someone wants to do something?",
"view_count": 67
} | []
| 83741 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "83750",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Full text: テレメトリ機能: 本体は、Bluetoothを用いて、xxxxxxxxnk Heart, xxxxxxxxnk\nRelay、患者アシスタント及び併用可能なプログラマと双方向通信を行う。\n\nMy issue: 併用可能? What should we translate this? I could come up with\nprogrammers that can be used together / combinable programmers. This appears\nquite a few times in the whole text.\n\nMy understanding: Telemetry function: The main unit uses Bluetooth for two-way\ncommunication with xxxxxxxxxnk Heart, xxxxxxxxnk Relay, patient assistants,\nand compatible programmers/ programmers that can be used together.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-18T18:46:22.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "83742",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-19T01:59:50.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "32678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "My issue: 併用可能? What should we translate this?",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "プログラマ (\"programmer\") refers to humans who do programming, and humans cannot\ncommunicate with machines via Bluetooth. I believe it's a typo for プログラム\n(\"program\").\n\n併用可能な does mean \"that can be used together\", and there's not much to say about\nthis word in isolation. If this appears many times, check the first instance\nto see its definition. What type of program is it? What can this program can\nwork with? Maybe you can choose to translate the phrase to \"the combinable\ncomponents\" or even \"the compatible apps\", but it depends on how it has been\nused in the docs.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-01-19T01:59:50.010",
"id": "83750",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-19T01:59:50.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "83742",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 83742 | 83750 | 83750 |
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