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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

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[ { "body": "Here Japanese actually matches English usage quite closely: \"teaching 勉強\" is\nsimply only one possible _sense_ / _meaning_ of all the kinds of teaching that\n\"teaching モノ\" (i.e., teaching in general) could conceivably entail.\n\n> 正直、勉強を教える **って意味じゃ** 俺なんかより、堀北や櫛田のほうが向いている\n\n\"To be honest, [when it comes to teaching] **in the sense of** teaching\nacademic subjects, Horikita and Kushida are more suitable than I am.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-01T01:29:04.710", "id": "83982", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-01T01:29:04.710", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5176", "parent_id": "83974", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> Is there a complete different meaning behind では ？\n\nI'd rather think では doesn't have much meaning compared to こと. ではない apparently\ndoesn't have specific meaning for unnecessity and I guess it cannot be used\nwith 行く from the grammatical point of view.\n\nLet me explain in depth.\n\n行くことはありません is separated as 行く + こと + は + ありません. こと we're using here is called\n\"dummy noun\" (形式名詞 in Japanese). So, basically, it points to 行く and is used to\nform a noun with 行く (to go). は is just a postpositional particle. Don't care\nabout it too much. ありません is the negative form of ある. I don't know why, but こと\nseems to gain a meaning for unnecessity when it's used with the negative form\nof verbs.\n\nNext, ではない. When we want to negate the meaning of 行く, we'd say 行 **か** ない\nbecause 行く conjugates along\n[カ行五段活用](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8).\nThere's no room for putting ではない right after 行く. It's just grammatically\nwrong.\n\nSo, you might wonder what ではない is. I guess it's separated as で + は + ない, not\nでは + ない. で is part of the conjunctive form of verbs (e.g. 好き **で** + は + ない).\nは here is a postpositional particle and ない just negates verbs.\n\nIn conclusion, Xではない is the negative form of verbs and it doesn't have\nadditional meanings other than negation. Also, putting ではない right after 行く is\ngrammatically wrong.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-02T08:50:19.807", "id": "84006", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-02T08:59:00.183", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-02T08:59:00.183", "last_editor_user_id": "19830", "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "83975", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It is probably easier to parse if written as\n\n> 「四天王最強の男は実は無能者だった」的なアレじゃない？\n\n「～的な」means \"(something that is/feels) like something else\". It is something of\na different usage than noun+的, but semantically similar, sharing the\nmeaning「…のような」. In this usage 「的な」can be preceded by a number of endings,\nfunctioning like a quotation marker.\n\n「青春だった的な歌」: a song about bygone youth\n\n「きれいになった的な話」：words about (something) having become beautiful.\n\n「アレ」is 「あれ」. The word, especially when in katakana, is often used to mean\n\"that, you know\", something you should understand even without explanation\nand/or hard to explain.\n\n> 四天王最強の男は実は無能者だった的なアレじゃない？\n\n> Isn't it like the most powerful man among the 四天王 (could be a Buddhist\n> reference or something else) is actually useless?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-01-31T19:11:56.093", "id": "83977", "last_activity_date": "2021-01-31T19:11:56.093", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "83976", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Your interpretation seems like the correct way to understand this. [Weblio\ndictionary's\nentry](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%8B%A6%E5%8A%B4%E3%82%92%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B)\nfor 苦労を掛ける is:\n\n> 相手に苦しい思いをさせる、迷惑を掛ける、といった意味で用いられる表現。苦労させる、などのようにも言う。 \n> To make the other party feel strained, to cause trouble for someone. To\n> give someone hardships, etc.\n\nThe mistranslation probably stems from differing interpretations from context.\nYou could probably add in the implied parts of the sentence in two ways:\n\n> （私は）苦労を掛けるね、ママン。\n\nor\n\n> 苦労を掛けるね、ママン（は）。\n\nSince it seems like it's his mother that is being strained for words, the\nfirst interpretation seems right to me.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-01-31T19:33:29.730", "id": "83979", "last_activity_date": "2021-01-31T19:33:29.730", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "83978", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "So you could produce very direct translations involving the Japanese word for\nopinion, but I don't think that's what you're asking for. If what you're\nlooking for is a natural, easy way to express English sentiments like `what's\nyour opinion on ~~?` or most relevantly `what do you think about ~~?`, the\nphrase you want is probably\n[をどう思う](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%82%92%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E6%80%9D%E3%81%86).\nThe link includes plenty of example sentences, but this an everyday phrase for\nasking people broadly what they think/feel about something, without suggesting\nit to them.\n\nEdit: just to be clear, `~~はどうですか？` and similar structures can take on\nmeanings of suggestion much like the English translation you provided, `how\nabout ~~`.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-01T11:47:27.290", "id": "83987", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-01T11:47:27.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7705", "parent_id": "83980", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "ところ is definitely the most common way to say it. I think it has to do with the\nfact that in Japan, exams are a lot about what's written in the textbook (so\nところ roughly means \"where in the textbook\" so to say).\n\n`出ると予想していたことが出なかった` sounds unnatural although I can't quite explain why. I\nthink it's simply because ところ is used (rather than because it would be wrong\nin terms of grammatical rules). `出ると予想していた定理が出なかった` is fine, so こと must work\nin theory I think.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-09T16:25:58.310", "id": "84128", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-09T16:25:58.310", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "83984", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "For your completing enjoying any piece of work (not limited to series), you\ncan simply say [verb]-終わる／終える or 全部 [verb]-る. Verbs are different according to\nmedium, so 読む for books, 見る (formally 視聴する) for audiovisual (TV, video...),\nand 聞く for audio (songs, radio...). ～しまう indeed partially covers such a usage\nbut not easy to use in this situation.\n\n> この小説を読み終わった _I finished reading this novel._ \n> アニメを13話全部見た _I completed watching (all) 13 episodes of an anime._\n\nThere are, however, also a few fancier and terser words frequently used:\n読了【どくりょう】（する） and 読破【どくは】（する） for completing books, especially the latter\ncarries a nuance that you have accomplished a great goal. Anime fans have a\nfunny figure of speech 完走【かんそう】（する） for watching the whole season, which is\notherwise used when finishing a marathon run or such.\n\nFor the second question \"a series is completed\", I think most people solely\nchoose the verb 完結【かんけつ】する \"(finish and) conclude\" to describe any serial\nstory to reach an end.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-01T17:43:50.177", "id": "83995", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-01T17:58:04.580", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-01T17:58:04.580", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "83988", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 }, { "body": "You are correct. 「○○シリーズが終わった」 is right and natural.\n\n「てしまう」 is like \"will end\".\n\n> 世界が終わってしまう。 \n> The world will end.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T09:00:07.460", "id": "84092", "last_activity_date": "2021-09-27T22:32:38.083", "last_edit_date": "2021-09-27T22:32:38.083", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "41837", "parent_id": "83988", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Rather than the ～て行く or ～てくる grammar points, this is just the conjunctive て. I\nthink it would be easier to understand if the sentence was written like this\ninstead:\n\n> リュックに鈴を付けて、行くといいよ。 \n> It would be better if you stuck a bell on your bag and went.\n\n行く here is being used in a literal sense. \"stick it on your bag\" and \"go\n(hiking)\" are separate verbs here.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-02T04:52:36.077", "id": "84002", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-02T04:52:36.077", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "83993", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "っての is short for っていうの or というの, and here it is used to describe an important\nimplication/characteristic of something. Here the topic marker は is omitted\nafter の.\n\n> 狙われたままの生活っての窮屈だし、 \n> = 狙われたままの生活というのは窮屈だし、\n>\n> Life with someone on my back is (generally) uncomfortable, and ...\n\nSee:\n\n * [Providing definitions/explanations with というのは ～ のこと/ということだ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24092/5010)\n * [Comparing the usage of というのは and ということは](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/68385/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-05T02:01:32.480", "id": "84050", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T02:01:32.480", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "83994", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "In all your examples the word before のために is a noun. The word ため is itself a\nnoun and の is how you join two nouns together. So I don't think there is much\nreason to be surprised here.\n\nPerhaps you also saw examples with verbs before ため but, as I'm sure you\nalready know, verb phrases modify nouns directly so you would not expect to\nsee の in these cases. Everything is consistent if you think of ため as noun\n(which it is).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-01T18:11:26.983", "id": "83997", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-01T18:11:26.983", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "83996", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "First, native Japanese speakers hardly ever say \"～に/としたところで\", and often use\n\"～にしても/～としても\" alternatively, because the later conjunctions are shorter and\nmore casual than the former.\n\nThen let's think about \"～にしても/～としても\".\n\n> ex. 一つの言葉にしたって,聞く人によって意味は変わる。 \n> _Depending on who is listening even a single word can change the meaning._\n\nIn this sentence, we can substitute ～にしても for ～にしたって, but cannot do ～としても.\n\nIf you wanna use としても, you should modify\"～だとしても\"\n\nWell then, see the usage of ～に/としたところで.\n\nCompared with ～にしても/～としても, \"～に/としたところで\" differs a little in a relationship\nbetween the preceding and following sentences. When you write or read\nsentences which contains に/としたところで, the logical relationship between clauses\nwould be important.\n\nIn order to better understanding ～に/としたところで, let's disassemble に/としたところで into\nにする/とする and ところで.\n\nnoun. /adj. + にする/とする : put into a certain state. \n_ex. 部屋を綺麗にする/make room clean_\n\n> Clarkをリーダーとする空の民(Skaikru)/ Skaikru with Clark as a leader\n\nverb. + (～しよう)とする : try to do. \n_ex. 寝ようとする/try to sleep_\n\nところで : one of conjectives,it means paradox【逆説】 or converse【転換】.\n\n【転換】: By the way.\n\n> ex.今日は晴れですね。ところで、昨日のテストはどうでしたか？\n\n【逆説】: The later section shows that the result is the opposite of what is\nexpected from the previous section.\n\nHowever,\"ところで\" alone doesn't make sense of【逆説】,we need to use in combine with\n\"～する\".\n\nThus, ～に/としたところで leads a paradoxical(逆説的な) sentence.\n\nThere is no unique translation,but I seem \"No matter what\" and \"Even if\" are\nsuitable.\n\n> ex. ジュースを買おうとしたところで、財布を持っていないことに気づいた。 \n> _When I attempted to buy juice, I realized that I didn't have a wallet._\n\n> ex. 目隠しをしたところで、彼はすぐにルービックキューブを解けます。 \n> _Even if he blindfold himself, he can solve Rubik's Cube immediately._\n\nTo be blindfolded is a handicap or adversity to solving the cube, but he is so\ningenious that he can solve it in that situation.\n\nLike this when A has negative nuances, it can lead to a positive sentence.\n\nBy the way(ところで【転換】), the difference among ～に/と/を +したところで is something like\ncase inflection or postpositional particles. There is no difference in\nmeaning, but 目隠しとする or 目隠しにする seem a little strange.\n\nFor details, see [this following bulletin\nboard](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/73094).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-02T06:53:01.500", "id": "84005", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-02T08:09:09.750", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-02T08:09:09.750", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "40655", "parent_id": "83998", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "> What's the difference between としたところで and にしたところで\n\nに：essential elements,inner power\n\nと：target, far away\n\nGuys, before downvoting, please look up these two partiles from 岩波古語辞典 . It's\nreally difficult to describe them in human language. I am just expressing my\nfeelings on these two particles.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-11-17T17:41:28.633", "id": "97262", "last_activity_date": "2022-11-28T06:31:55.220", "last_edit_date": "2022-11-28T06:31:55.220", "last_editor_user_id": "4255", "owner_user_id": "4255", "parent_id": "83998", "post_type": "answer", "score": -2 } ]

[ { "body": "The\n[の](https://itazuraneko.neocities.org/grammar/dojg/dojgpages/basic%E3%81%AE3.html)\nin「ただ走るのではない」is a normalizer. In other words, の turns this verb-phrase\n「ただ走る」into a noun. To help you to understand「ただ走るのではない」, it translates to\n\"just-run-thing not\" or \"it is not only run-thing.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-01T21:00:39.517", "id": "84000", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-01T21:00:39.517", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41067", "parent_id": "83999", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "So, from your comment it seems like you more or less understand\nnominalisation. Let's work backwards from the translation.\n\nただ走るのではなくて... means \"rather than just running ...\".\n\n走る is the verb meaning \"to run\". We need to turn this into \"running\". To do\nthis we nominalise it by adding の. If your uncomfortable with thinking of\n\"running\" as a noun then think of 走るの as meaning \"the act of running\". That's\ndefinitely a noun phrase.\n\nNext we have noun+ではなくて... this literally means \"not noun and ...\", but that's\na useless translation in this context. Quite often ではなくて translates more\nnaturally as \"rather than\" and that's exactly what it does here.\n\nFinally, your alternative 走っていないけど... would mean \"I don't run but ...\" which\nhas a rather different feel to it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-01T21:46:17.400", "id": "84001", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-01T21:46:17.400", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "83999", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It can be only pronounced よんダメージ.\n\nダメージ triggers no sound change. You effectively just put it after plain\nnumerals (いち, に, さん, よん, ご, ろく, なな, はち, きゅう, じゅう...).\n\nよっつダメージ is impossible unless you try to say like \"give it four valid hits\".\nWhen ダメージ means damage value, we only use itself as a pseudo-counter or\nwithout counters, such as よんのダメージ, ダメージよん.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-03T08:48:06.977", "id": "84019", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-03T17:02:59.203", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-03T17:02:59.203", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84003", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "For what it's worth, questions about very specific combinations of words can\noften be answered with Google search, as long as you remember to use quotes to\nforce an exact match.\n\nA [search for\nにこそ](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%81%AB%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D%22)\nreturns >14 million results, while a [search for\nこそに](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AB%22)\nreturns about 86k and a large number of them are cases where `こそ` itself is\nbeing talked about, like dictionary entries. As a bonus, I can find one\n[translated example sentence for\nにこそ](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%AB%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D) and [none for\nこそに](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AB). Given all\nthis, I think we can safely say it's `にこそ` in most cases.\n\n> I'd like to know which of the following is/are correct:\n\nTo be frank these all look weird to me - `自分に驚かされる` is not very idiomatic.\nAlso, this would probably be clearer if you used a `に` with `彼` to make it\nclear you were contrasting possibilities for the indirect object. You probably\nwant something like:\n\n> 私は、彼にではなく、自分にこそ驚いた。", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-05T01:40:04.017", "id": "84048", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T01:40:04.017", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7705", "parent_id": "84004", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It means: I will do exactly what you were saying, too.\n\nYou could write the same meaning as \"君が言ってたことをそのまま俺もやる\", and changing it to\n\"やらせてもらう\" is normally a pattern to be more polite. For example, you can say\n「寄らせてもらう」instead of 「寄る」 and be more polite that way, because you are\nexpressing gratitude to the listener for their permission. It's similar to\nadding \"thank you for your permission\" (but this is of course just a way of\nexpression - it doesn't actually mean you got permission).\n\nThis added politeness can be made to have a threatening effect. It emphasizes\ndistance and coldheartedness. In this example, it emphasizes the speaker is\ncalm, and will do the harm coldbloodedly.\n\nそのままやらせてもらう is a common pattern used in describing revenge. Usually, something\nwas done or threatened to the speaker, who then retaliates by doing the same\nact to the initiator coldbloodedly.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-03T08:50:29.790", "id": "84020", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-03T08:50:29.790", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84007", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "Rendaku occurs when two independent words come together to form a compound. I\nthink 一本気 is a compound, while 本気 and 元気 are not. (Just because they are\nanalyzable as 本+気 and 元+気 doesn't mean they are compounds. 元 and 本 are not\nindependent words, unless you mean \"a book\" by 本.) Also, Sino-Japanese words\ndon't normally participate in rendaku. In that sense, 一本気 is exceptional.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-04T02:06:02.317", "id": "84031", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-04T02:06:02.317", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41800", "parent_id": "84008", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "派手に describes the manner in which the priority is determined (so it doesn't\ndescribe the nature of the priority itself).\n\nSo the sentence means: `I have decided on the priority of lives, clearly and\nflamboyantly`\n\nNote that if you parse the sentence correctly, it doesn't mean \"your priority\nin life\" but rather \"priority of other lives (as in who should live/die)\".\n\nIt's an odd sentence (also in Japanese) - I'm guessing it's from anime/manga.\nIt's probably purposefully odd to make an impact.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-03T08:40:35.753", "id": "84018", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-03T08:40:35.753", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84011", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "This に ending turns the na-adjective 派手な into an adverb. A couple of more\nexamples:\n\n * 静かな部屋 (quiet room) 静かに歩く(walk quietly)\n\n * 元気な女の子 (energetic girl) 元気に遊ぶ (play energetically)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-04T01:46:23.573", "id": "84030", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-04T01:46:23.573", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41800", "parent_id": "84011", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes,「ている」can be used to talk about a repeated action, but this is one of the\ntricky grammar points where Japanese and English diverge and the nuances are\nhard to grasp. Since you already use 「毎日」in that sentence, you can just use\nthe dictionary form. When you use 「ている」to talk about a repeated action you\nstress its continuity and the fact that it is _still ongoing_ and you are\n_still_ doing it regularly/habitually.\n\nIn your case, it is not necessary to use 「ている」. Also you are talking about\ngoing to the store every day, so logically you come back after shopping. A\ngood way to say this is\n\n> 毎日コンビニに行ってりんごを買ってくる。\n\nYou can change them to 敬体/です・ます if you want. It only changes the politeness\nlevel.\n\nAnd when you find yourself in a situation where you do need to use 「ている」, you\ncan just attach it to the last verb in the sequence and use the te form for\npreceding verbs.", "comment_count": 8, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-02T21:57:33.587", "id": "84015", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-03T06:08:29.653", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-03T06:08:29.653", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84012", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This たった is the past tense of the verb たつ meaning \"to pass (time)\". So,\n二、三年たった is a relative clause modifying ある日 (one day / a certain day). Putting\nthe two parts together we get\n\n> 二、三年たったある日 \n> one day when two or three years had passed\n\nFor an explanation of what こと is doing see my rather sketchy attempt to\nexplain it\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/70356/translation-\nof-%e3%81%ae%e3%81%93%e3%81%a8%e3%81%a0/70357#70357). If that doesn't help\nthen leave a comment and maybe someone can do a better job.\n\nAltogether I'd translate it as:\n\n> それから二、三年たったある日のことです。 \n> It was one day two or three years after that.\n\nI'd expect the next part to explain what happened on this day. Maybe you can\ntranslate こと as \"event\" here, i.e. \"it was an event that happened one day ...\"\nbut that's a rather clunky translation.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-02T20:26:50.137", "id": "84014", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-03T10:01:44.127", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-03T10:01:44.127", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "84013", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "They are referring to the 気分 and 予感 of the girlfriend and not the\nlistener/speaker.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-03T15:32:41.083", "id": "84024", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-03T15:32:41.083", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84022", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "未 has an on'yomi み. So 海未 as a whole intended to be read うみ even though 海\nalready reads うみ.\n\nTo be more academically, this kind of \"overspelling\" is widely seen in\nideography-based writing systems (such as Egyptian and Mayan hieroglyphs).\nModern Japanese has kana that dispenses with such orthography, but it often\nappears as fancy spelling in names. In this specific case, most Japanese\npeople would find it intuitive to be read うみ. Moreover, 海 alone could be also\na male name in on'yomi かい, so 海未 does make some disambiguation job.\n\nAs single-word kun'yomi non-derived nouns are chiefly used in female names\nnowadays, you will see this almost exclusively for girls: 夏都【なつ】, 茜音【あかね】,\n弓美【ゆみ】 etc. (but also [末木\n文美【ふみ】士](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AB%E6%9C%A8%E6%96%87%E7%BE%8E%E5%A3%AB)\nwhich is a man).\n\nIf you include a slightly different type which replaces the okurigana part\nwith kanji, then they are by no means rare: 舞衣【まい】 (f), 聡志【さとし】 (m), 遥香【はるか】\n(f) etc. etc.\n\nOf course there are also much more of fully rebus or\n[man'yogana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana) type of names.\nPeople often try to pack witty pun or good-looking kanji or [lucky stroke\ncounts](https://www.quora.com/How-is-a-lucky-stroke-count-decided-for-kanji-\nin-Japanese-names?share=1) into the name format, so the meaning of each kanji\nin a name is not always obvious to strangers.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-04T03:50:38.487", "id": "84033", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-04T08:08:11.790", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-04T08:08:11.790", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84023", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "Saying 毎日学校に行って **くる** implies the \"mental point of view\" of this sentence is\nfixated to the speaker's home, but I think that's weird. A sentence like \"I go\nto school every day\" is usually used outside one's home, and returning home is\nnot really part of the purpose of this habitual action. Compare this with\nママは毎日スーパーでリンゴを買ってくる, which is natural. Here, fixating the point of view to the\nspeaker's home is natural, and bringing apples home is part of the purpose of\nthis habitual action.\n\nInstead of くる, you may need ている to describe a habitual action like this. See:\n[Habitual aspect](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11925/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-05T01:50:18.570", "id": "84049", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T05:43:51.657", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-05T05:43:51.657", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84025", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]

[ { "body": "今も and 今でも are almost completely interchangeable in your example. They are\ninterchangeable in most other cases, too, but 今でも may have a stronger sense of\n\"even\" or \"still\". For example, お父様は今もお元気ですか is fine, but お父様は今でもお元気ですか may\nsound a little inconsiderate.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-04T13:44:13.017", "id": "84041", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T01:17:18.617", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-05T01:17:18.617", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84027", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "So in this context, they are **not** talking about certain boys who are\nserious or crazy about 東城さん, right? Then this 本気すぎて just means 本気でカワイすぎて,\nwhich is roughly the same as ガチでカワイすぎて. Person 2 is saying her attractiveness\nis so extreme that he hesitate to use a common and casual compliment such as\n可愛い.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-04T13:32:54.913", "id": "84040", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-04T13:46:01.933", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-04T13:46:01.933", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84029", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "だから = だ (casual copula) + から (because)\n\nだから is basically the casual form of ですから. You can't use です with a verb in ます\nform, so ですから wouldn't work in the formal version and だから wouldn't work in the\ncasual version since だ is the copula and you already have a verb - 食べる.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-05T14:56:20.563", "id": "84054", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T14:56:20.563", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "6604", "parent_id": "84032", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "You seem to be confused about how the を particle works. 魚を食べる does not mean\n\"fish are eaten\". It means \"(some unspecified person) eats fish\".\n\nTo say \"fish are eaten\" you would have to modify the verb to the passive form\n食べられる and the object would become either the subject or the topic, but that's\na separate discussion.\n\nYou are correct that 魚が食べる means \"fish eat\". But your sentence あたしは魚が食べる is\npretty much meaningless. You are establishing yourself as the topic of the\nconversation (あたしは) and then going on to say something completely unrelated to\nyou (fish eat). However, with 魚 as the object you get a perfectly reasonable\nsentence あたしは魚を食べる (I eat fish).\n\nIn answer to your title question, が always marks the subject of the verb.\nSometimes, as in あたしは魚を食べる, the subject is promoted to the topic and when it\nis clear from context (as it is in this case) it is omitted.\n\nThings get more cloudy when you consider sentences like 私は魚が食べたい (I want to\neat fish). 魚 is still the subject in this sentence even though it seems like\nan object in the English translation. This is just due to an inability to\ntranslate 食べたい into natural English. You can think of it as \"For me, fish are\neat inducing\", and then 魚 remains the subject.\n\nAs to your final question \"Could 魚が食べる change in context?\", I'm not really\nsure what you mean by this. Potentially yes, but I can't guess at what kind of\nscenario you are imagining. You'd have to give a concrete example and I'm\nafraid the one you tried to give didn't really make sense.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-04T20:14:53.953", "id": "84044", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-04T20:14:53.953", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "84034", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "First of all, your given interpretation is correct - the article is talking\nabout money intended for political use being used at hostess clubs.\n\n> If that is indeed the right interpretation, then why not swap the clauses\n> around, and make it instead something like this?\n\nI'm not sure an answer specific to this particular example exists (although\nperhaps a native speaker will come along and surprise me), but the very\ngeneral answer is \"because there was no need to, and this was the natural way\nto write it in Japanese\". I assume you're asking this because you feel that\nthe given order of clauses in the sentence is either ambiguous or hard to\nread, but I don't really think that's true - or at least not to the extent\nthat this sentence needs to be rewritten.\n\n 1. The comma after `を` in `政治に使うお金を、` is a very strong signal that the next part of the sentence is not going to be directly related to the thing before the comma. This is a fairly common pattern in written Japanese, and can apply to more particles than just `を`, like `上司に、今週中に報告書を提出しなさいと言われました` (`I was told by my boss to turn in a report this week`).\n 2. If you look at language as pure syntax, you will find a lot of ambiguities. Consider `He saw her on the hill with the telescope`. This looks like fairly natural English to me, but it could mean that he used a telescope to see her, he saw her holding a telescope, or in particularly esoteric interpretations that he saw her on a hill that had a telescope on it. Native speakers unconsciously disambiguate most sentences like this using context or just common sense, and they are mostly only a problem until you get used to working in the language.\n 3. This particular sentence is not actually that ambiguous. Even without the comma, `お金を遊ぶ` is a sufficiently bizarre construction that it can probably be ruled out as the intended meaning purely on the verb/noun combination. Barring that though, the meaning is relatively obvious given the article context.\n\nWhich is all just to say: you could certainly rewrite the sentence the way\nyou've described, but this is mostly a matter of style/preference. Certainly\nit's pretty hard to make the argument that your provided rewrite is in some\nway objectively better.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-04T09:13:53.103", "id": "84037", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-04T09:13:53.103", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7705", "parent_id": "84035", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "As @Mindful said, this sentence is perfectly natural in Japanese in word\norder, since Japanese word order is much freer than most Western European\nlanguages.\n\nBut in this case, there is a reason to take this specific order, because\n\n> 政治に使うお金を、キャバクラで遊ぶために使っていたこともわかりました。\n\nintuitively suggests that such conduct is a fraud, while the connotation is\nnot immediately clear in:\n\n> キャバクラで遊ぶために、政治に使うお金を使っていたこともわかりました。\n\nThis is a [pragmatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatics) construction\nof [ _purpose_ modifying noun] + [noun] + [ _actually did_ other arguments] +\n[verb]. Grammatically, [purpose] + [noun] is but an argument of [verb], but\nplacing them in this order implies the [noun] serves [verb] in some\nunintended, unexpected, or inappropriate manner (out of original [purpose]).\n\n> 消毒に使う薬を子どもが飲む \n> 換気をする穴にケーブルを通す \n> テスト用紙で紙飛行機を折る\n\nIn this light, 政治に使うお金 could be translated not only as \"fund for political\nactivity\" but \"fund **supposed** for political activity\" for better\nunderstanding. There are more factors that determine the word order in a\nsentence, but generally, such a nuance will disappear if the [purpose] part\ncomes after [actually did] elements.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-06T03:51:12.083", "id": "84067", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T05:36:14.307", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-06T05:36:14.307", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84035", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "The literal meaning of 自分でやらせてもらうことにしました is indeed \"I decided to have you\nallow me to do it myself\", but usually it can be translated to English simply\nas \"I decided to do it myself\" or \"I decided to take the liberty of doing it\nmyself\".\n\nI hope you can get what's happening by comparing the following sentences\nlogically:\n\n * 食べろ Eat it!\n * 食べさせろ！ Let me eat it! / Allow me to eat it!\n * 食べてもらった。 Someone ate it (which pleased me).\n * 食べてもらおう。 Let's have someone eat it (for me).\n * 食べさせてもらった。 Someone allowed me to eat it (which pleased me).\n * 食べさせてもらおう。 Let's have someone allow me to eat it (for me).\n\nBut you don't have to translate a fixed pattern like this literally. Remember\nEnglish _Let's_ as in _Let's go_ is also technically causative.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-05T01:16:42.830", "id": "84047", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T01:37:34.550", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-05T01:37:34.550", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84039", "post_type": "answer", "score": 14 }, { "body": "I think I get it now. I hope it will help others as well.\n\nさせる alone can be translated as \"let\" or \"make.\"(causative forms)\n\nてもらう is not a causative form in Japanese, but many English resources translate\nit to \"get someone to do sth,\" which is a causative form. That's kind of\nmisleading. I always think about it as \"receiving a favor\" and the focus is on\nthe \"action\", not \"person\" (～てくれる focuses on the person)\n\nことにする means \"to decide.\" However, \"to decide\" means \"to influence someone so\nthat they make a particular choice\" as well. It's like saying \"I want to you\nto ～” There's even a causative form in English with this verb, \"decide someone\nto do something.\"\n\n自分で (myself) やらせて (and let me do it) もらう (do me a favor) ことにしました (I want you\nto/ I'll influence you to)\n\n私はそれを参考(as a reference) にさせて(and let me use it それ) もらう(do me a favor)よ\n\nAnother thing to consider is that させてもらう may sound like you're looking for\npermission, but you're not really; you somehow know you'll hear \"yes, you can\ndo it\" from your speaker. It's not something you'd say to your boss tho.\nFriends and coworkers, yes.\n\n_Would that be ok, If I did it myself?_ That could be an English equivalent.\nIt doesn't match the Japanese version at all. It's a question, but you somehow\nknow you'll hear \"yeah, sure.\"\n\nThe second conditional in English sounds quite indirect and therefore polite.\nJapanese people like to be indirect and polite and we need a structure that\nwill convey such nuances. If I were to translate _Would that be ok, If I did\nit myself?_ back to Japanese, I'd probably go for たら or ば because that's a\nconditional structure in Japanese. However, させてもらう gives off the nuance of \"I\nkind of made the decision that I'll do the thing myself, and I'm just letting\nyou know guys I'll do it. But since I don't want to come across as bossy I\nwill use a structure that will make you think it's a question, but it's not,\nbut still, you'll say yes as I expected.\" (I'm not sure if that makes sense to\nyou, it does to me.)\n\nIt is better to \"translate\" concepts and contexts, not words. Polite\nstructures to polite structures even if grammatically/linguistically they\ndon't match.\n\n**A note regarding させてもらう in anime/manga.** In anime/manga, it can be used in\nan aggressive, assertive manner as a fancy way of saying that you'll have your\nway in something, either do it yourself or make the other side do something.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-05T12:05:53.407", "id": "84051", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T12:39:09.720", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-05T12:39:09.720", "last_editor_user_id": "36278", "owner_user_id": "36278", "parent_id": "84039", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "For a quick equivalency, think of\n\nさせてもらう\n\nas \"take liberty of\"\n\n\"I took liberty of turning your photo to the correct orientation to make it\neasier to view\" 見やすいように写真の向きを修正させてもらった。", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-02T23:15:04.810", "id": "86447", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T23:15:04.810", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14444", "parent_id": "84039", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I see much more “thankfulness” in the second sentence than in the first.\n\nThe first sentence is an indirect and supposedly humble-sounding way of saying\n自分ですることにしました. Often times the speaker is not thankful or anything (although\nthere may be cases when they really are). This use of させてもらう is often heard\nparticularly in business settings. I personally don’t like it and never use it\nmyself (definitely not with 〜ことにする) because it sounds to me like the speaker\nis shunning responsibility for their own decision.\n\nThe context of the second sentence must be that the listener (or someone else)\ngave the speaker some information or source of information and the speaker has\ndecided to “thankfully” use it as a reference. This should be more\nstraightforward than the first usage.\n\n* * *\n\n**[EDIT]** \nThe even more supposedly polite form of させて[頂]{いただ}く is more often used in\nbusiness settings than させてもらう.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-03T00:42:07.970", "id": "86448", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T01:41:06.427", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-03T01:41:06.427", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "84039", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Unlike what textbooks say (which lacked evidence like statistics), in reality,\nmen use (noun)ね, (noun)よ or の。, if not exactly the same as feminine language,\nespecially in New Tokyo dialect, which is the virtual common language. His\nspeech doesn’t sound feminine but just a person from Kanto speaking casually,\nthough that’s to some extent stereotype itself.\n\nPerhaps, people from western Japan could feel unsettled when men speak that\nway, but I’m not sure myself.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-13T06:12:15.473", "id": "84178", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-13T09:40:26.747", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-13T09:40:26.747", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "84043", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "To me that sounds like a speech pattern used for a young boy in fiction. The\nuse of ボク, ～ね, and to some extent ええとね, as well as the bluntness (use of ～だ)\nare all common in manga/light novels for an innocent boy-type character to\nuse.\n\nOne example is from a video game series I played before: Shin Megami Tensei.\nIn the game, all the enemies (demons) have speech patterns assigned to them,\nbased on their looks and lore. The [少年 (young boy)\ntype](https://megatenonline.wiki.fc2.com/wiki/%E4%BB%B2%E9%AD%94%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%B0%E8%A9%9E#b4e954ba)\nsounds just like the character you list.\n\nYour character was probably given that speech pattern to sound innocent. It\nseems the [English version](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PovhTmPyfE) of\nthe game ignored that aspect and focused more on the sleepiness of the book,\nwhich makes sense since it's easier to express that with just text than the\nboy speech pattern.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-13T13:44:23.643", "id": "84185", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-13T13:44:23.643", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9508", "parent_id": "84043", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I think you're essentially asking who is the subject of ミスする. Judging from the\ncontext, I agree that the subject of ミスする is the attacker, not the setter.\nThis is because this part is preceded by アタッカーの人が絶好調とは言えない状態で. It's natural to\nassume all the three predicative phrases in the sentence (絶好調とは言えない状態だ, ミスする,\n責めている) share the common subject.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-05T00:48:24.747", "id": "84046", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T00:48:24.747", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84045", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "A similar meaning to\n[それはない](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%85%B6%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84/)\nwhich has the follow definition:\n\nJapanese: 相手の言動を強く非難・否認するときに用いる言葉。\n\nEnglish: Words used to strongly condemn or repudiate the words or actions of\nanother.\n\nIn the context of the excerpt provided I might translate 「でもさすがにこれはないんじゃないの？」\nas \"Isn't this a bit too much / far?\" (following on to the next part of the\nexcerpt).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-05T17:43:05.597", "id": "84056", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T04:00:24.930", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-06T04:00:24.930", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "39502", "parent_id": "84053", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Well, I think you have explained most points on your own, so I'm just going to\nmake good the rest:\n\n**Grammar**\n\n * X に優れる / X に秀でる \"excel in X\" \nThese verbs only take what field they are good at, and for comparison with\nothers you have to add ～より or ～に比べて.\n\n * X に Y で勝る \"outperform X in Y\" \nThis one can have both the target of comparison and the field by default.\n\n * X に抜きんでる \"stand out from X\" \nThough it can mark the group where they stand out with に, it is already a very\narchaic usage that you usually put any information with more explanatory\nphrases only when needed: ～の中で \"among\", ～の点で \"in terms of\" etc.\n\nExcept 勝る, they mainly describe certain states (adjective-like meanings) which\nmakes them virtually unable to appear without ～ている as the main verb of\nsentence.\n\n**Meaning**\n\nAll of them are quite bookish words, that you don't use them in casual\nconversation.\n\n優れる and 秀でる are synonyms, but there is a subtle difference that 優れる is more\nlike \"be excellent\" and 秀でる \"have excellencies\", that means unnatural to say\n秀でる without \"in what\" part in the context. For example you can say 優れた人物\n\"excellent person\" but not much *秀でた人物.\n\n優れる and 秀でる assume the quality is something good for the speaker, and 勝る also\ntends to have such connotation, but 抜きんでる not necessarily good or bad.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-06T05:24:43.687", "id": "84068", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T05:24:43.687", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84055", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "「てく」is often a contracted form of 「ていく」, so your sentence means\n\n> よし、じゃあ出席 **を** 取って **い** くぞ\n\n> Okay, I am going to take attendance now.\n\nwhere 「ていく」is a helping verb that tells you the action starts now in a forward\nlooking manner.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-05T23:00:01.833", "id": "84059", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-05T23:00:01.833", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84058", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "まじなう is an outdated rare reading. If you see 呪う in modern Japanese texts and\nthere is no furigana, you can safely assume it is read のろう.\n\nSemantically, のろう is simply \"to curse\" in the sense of \"to pray or cast magic\nfor misfortune\". まじなう has a broader meaning as seen in [this\nentry](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%91%AA%E3%81%86-1).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-06T03:15:15.283", "id": "84066", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T03:15:15.283", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84061", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "This や is a literary particle used to add emotion or exclamation. It's common\nin in haiku and waka. It works like `O` as in \"O the ancient pond\", or `...`\nas in \"The ancient pond...\". Note that や has several roles. See\n[jisho.org](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%84) (the 4th definition) and the\nfollowing question:\n\n * [What grammatical function is や performing here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66290/5010)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-06T02:55:52.413", "id": "84064", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T02:55:52.413", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84063", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "The や indicates 詠嘆・感動 (exclamation/admiration). It's categorized as a 間投助詞\n(interjectory particle) in\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%84-647430):\n\n> や 四 間助 \n> ３ 詠嘆・感動の意を表す。 \n> 「いで、あな幼な **や** 」〈源・若紫〉 \n> 「夏草 **や** つはものどもが夢の跡／芭蕉」〈奥の細道〉\n\nAnd 明鏡国語辞典 categorizes it as a 終助詞 (final particle):\n\n> や (三)〘終助〙 \n> ❸ 詠嘆を表す。「これはすごい **や** 」「ああ、恐ろし **や** 、恐ろし **や** 」「高く泳ぐ **や**\n> 鯉のぼり〈鯉のぼり〉」◇俳句の切れ字もこれ。「古池 **や** [蛙]{かはづ}飛び込む水の音〈芭蕉〉」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-06T02:58:55.467", "id": "84065", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T03:38:32.257", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-06T03:38:32.257", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "84063", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "確度の違いかと思いました。\n\n`猫だと思った` の方が `猫かと思った` よりも確信度が少々高い。\n\n英語であれば、\n\n```\n\n 猫かと思った -> I thought it'd be a cat.\n 猫だと思った -> I thought it was a cat.\n \n```", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-06T09:16:27.180", "id": "84070", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T09:16:27.180", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "22412", "parent_id": "84069", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "「階段の蛙」translates literally to \"the frog of the stair\", which is to be\nunderstood as \"the frog [that is] on the stair\". So this expression does not\nactually deviate from the 'standard' meaning of の, in my opinion.\n\nA construction that I think you would be interested in here would be something\nlike こいつは妹のカエデ, ie. \"this is my sister Kaede\", which would be literally \"Kaede\nof sister\", though it should be understood \"Kaede [who is] a sister\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-13T20:58:55.107", "id": "84189", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-13T20:58:55.107", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41049", "parent_id": "84071", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Tbh both sound odd to me... IMO the following would be more natural:\n\n> このアパートには、三ヶ月前に引っ越ししてきました。 \n> このアパートには、三ヶ月前に引っ越しました。\n\nThe first sentence definitely sounds better, because \"このアパート\" implies you are\nclose to the apartment in question (so it's natural to say you came to it via\n引っ越し).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-08T18:12:17.130", "id": "84116", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T18:12:17.130", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84073", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "**tl;dr:**\n\n * きた is used to indicate physical movement here, like in 持ってきた\n * In your examples, such movement verbals refer to a person, not the apartment\n * It's not natural-sounding here to use a non-person after きた\n * Without きた, the speaker and the apartment's locations could be separate\n * Sentence modifiers restrict grammar/particles, enabling ambiguity\n * Since 引っ越す can take a lot of particles, and it's a person that does the 引っ越す, it's still not that common, except in the middle of a sentence, to directly modify the 引っ越し先 with 引っ越す.\n * If something is grammatical but overly ambiguous, find a different way to express it (e.g. 新しい引っ越し先)\n * Particles like に can help disambiguate whether you mean the old or new apartment\n * In this specific example, 引っ越す is better than 引っ越し\n * For most words, no single stackexchange answer can illuminate every possible usage\n\n* * *\n\n> * ここは 三月前に引っ越ししてきたアパートです。\n> * ここは 三月前に引っ越ししたアパートです。\n>\n\n>\n> I would like a detailed explanation about the use of \"てきた\" because I don't\n> understand if it's here to add the nuance of action towards the speaker’s\n> current location (like \"本を持っきた\") or to add a nuance of action that has been\n> happening for something and extends to the present (like \"その木は、芽が出てきた\") .\n\nFirst, as you'll see below, when your chosen way of expressing something turns\nout to be ambiguous, there's a good chance it's unnatural unless you change\nsome things up. You could choose your words to avoid ambiguity by saying stuff\nlike「この間引っ越したマンションは綺麗だな」,\n「ここに3月前に引っ越してきました」,「あそこは前言っていた2月末に引っ越した新しい家です」,「新しく引っ越してきた隣人がうるさい」,「この間引っ越したアパートは汚かった」。You\ncould talk about 前の家、前に住んでいた家、旧家、引っ越された先、この間出た家, etc., etc. But I won't really\ntouch on other ways to use 引っ越す as a sentence modifier, or other ways to refer\nto a 引っ越し先・引っ越し元. There are just way too many ways you can express any given\nconcept for me to go into. Don't worry about every theoretically possible\ngrammar structure, don't obsess over searching for the most concise way to\nexpress everything, and conversely don't stress about every potential semantic\nambiguity in a given utterance.\n\nSecond, in my experience, when expressing 引っ越し the way your example sentences\ndo, I feel like it's more common to directly use the verbal itself, e.g.\n引っ越してきた, rather than the derived compound verbal 引っ越し(を)する. If I were to\nattempt to describe the difference, I'd say that, generally, 引っ越し is more used\nwhen _focusing_ on the act of moving itself, as in \"okay, I'm going to move!\"\n\n-------------------ここからは本題--------------------\n\nNow, regarding your confusion about Enno Shiojiさん's answer (which I guess I\ncould talk about in a comment):\n\n> The first sentence definitely sounds better, because \"このアパート\" implies you\n> are close to the apartment in question (so it's natural to say you came to\n> it via 引っ越し).\n\nLet's say last week you signed a lease for a new apartment, but right now\nyou're at work on your lunch break, and your new apartment is all the way\nacross town. Now let's say you want to activate your utilities/the utility\nbill, so you make a phone call. On the phone, if you say\nこのアパートには、三ヶ月前に引っ越してきました, since きました implies you came to the place mentioned,\nsaying that would tell the person on the phone that you are probably in your\napartment right now (STALKER ALERT!). But since you're actually somewhere else\n(at work), it might sound better to just say 引っ越しました。More on why below. Still,\nyou're using この in both sentences here (or ここ in your original examples), so\nunless there's some other context, that will usually imply that the apartment\nand the speaker are in the same place. This brings us to the subject of\nagreement: since きた agrees with この, it's more natural to use きた here,\nespecially because 引っ越してきた is a bit of a collocation.\n\nNext, to your questions.\n\nIn this case, as you suggested, きた is used in the sense of coming to a\nlocation. In the case of 引っ越し it refers to a person. Therefore, when you use\nくる・いく as modifiers, it's most natural if they modify words like 私、人、彼女, etc.\n\n引っ越す or 引っ越し refers to the act of moving. From 新明解国語辞典第五版:\n\n> 引っ越し：その人の住居や組織・団体の事務所などが、今までの建物から他の建物に移ること\n\nalso\n\n> 引っ越す：住む家を変える。転居する。\n\n(As of a couple months ago, Google translate has gotten pretty great IMO, if\nyou want to translate these yourself. js)\n\nIn these definitions 移る[こと] and 変える are the keywords. Both of these words\nrefer to changing something (the former, location, the latter, something in\ngeneral), but depending on context and grammar they can be used to refer to\nmoving/changing TO _or_ moving/changing FROM. Note how in the first definition\nboth から and に are used, and how in the second neither is used.\n\nPerhaps even more key to your question, though, are the terms 住む家 and 住居. That\nis, 引っ越す as a concept refers to (when thinking about apartments, at least)\nwhen someone changes where they live. The location itself does not physically\nget up and move, nor does the person(!); rather, the place that the person\ndesignates to be where they live is what changes. If you know programming,\nit's like moving a pointer, with the pointer being, I guess, the person (or\nmaybe the database information specifying their registered address). The\nperson IS usually the one that does the 引っ越す (if we're talking about someone's\nhouse), but 引っ越す alone doesn't automatically contain the idea of くる or いく. The\nfact that that in English, \"move\" implies literal movement too doesn't help in\nunderstanding this subtlety.\n\nThus, you can say things like:\n\n> * このアパートには、三ヶ月前に引っ越してきました。\n> * あのアパートからは、三ヶ月前に引っ越した。\n>\n\n**In other words, 引っ越した indicates that the act of moving [house] was\nperformed; きました indicates that you have now come to where you are speaking.\nAbstractly speaking, 引っ越した doesn't care where the person is.**\n\nYour example sentences use no direction particle or verbal, though, making\nthem ambiguous. You could say that the real \"culprit\" of the ambiguity here is\nthe use of sentence modification, which as a grammatical structure is\ncomparatively prone to creating ambiguity because only predicates can be\nstrung together with it. Unless we start getting into 学校文法 territory and\ntalking about how things like how た is actually a particle, basically the rub\nis that since you can't really predicate a sentence with a particle, sentence\nmodification often implies no particle describing the modified nominal:\n\n> * ここは 三月前に引っ越ししてきたアパートです。\n> * ここは 三月前に引っ越ししたアパートです。\n>\n\nSince 引っ越し doesn't by itself specify location, the second sentence is\nambiguous. Is this the old apartment you moved away from and are now standing\nby looking at nostalgically, or the apartment you moved to as your showing it\noff to your parents? Furthermore, where is the speaker located when making\nthese statements? On the phone at work, or at the apartment in question? ここ\ncan certainly (perhaps usually) imply that the speaker is presently at the\napartment, but, depending on previous utterances, they don't absolutely HAVE\nto be. That's a bit beside the point, though. Plus, since the one who does the\n引っ越す is still a person, while you can form countless acceptable utterances\nusing 引っ越した to modify the 引っ越し先, it's definitely less common to just end the\nsentence right there. If you end the sentence with 引っ越した＋名詞+です, the 名詞 will\nprobably be the person who moved (but not always).\n\nAlright, so if the second sentence is ambiguous, what about the first\nsentence? Just like in 行ってきます and 持ってきてください, きた here specifies\ndirectionality/movement/location: the speaker CAME _here_ having moved. Thus,\nwhen someone reads the first sentence, they can only conclude that you're\ntalking about the apartment you moved to. But, just to be clear, in this\nsituation, because it's a person that physically moves, it's not as natural to\nput アパート after きた.\n\nOne important thing to keep in mind is that the referent of the sentence, and\nwhere you are saying you are, can be different. Some other possible ways to\nindicate directionality when discussing 引っ越し：\n\n> * ここは三月前に引っ越していったアパートです。(いった: old apartment; unnatural)\n> * ここは三月前に引っ越したアパートです。(no direction, ambiguous; unnatural)\n> * このアパートには、三ヶ月前に引っ越してきました。(uses に+くる: new apartment)\n> * このアパートからは、三ヶ月前に引っ越しました。(uses から/no direction verbal: old)\n> * このアパートには、三ヶ月前に引っ越しました。(uses に: new)\n> * このアパートからは、三ヶ月前に引っ越してきた。(uses から: referent is old; but きた, so you're at\n> the new one when you're saying this)\n>\n\nStrictly speaking, only the sentences that use くる or いく give away/imply the\nspeaker's present location. Also notice how the first two sentences, which use\nsentence modification, don't include a に or から describing the apartment. It's\nnot impossible to include particles in sentence modifiers, but some kinds of\nparticles (I think に is actually the worst offender) often can't be well\npositioned to actually describe the modified word (被修飾語). And with a word like\n引っ越す, where you might wonder about 誰が、どこから、どこに？, particles are pretty\nimportant. You could definitely say something like:\n\n> * ここは三月前に東京から引っ越してきたアパートです。(unnatural b/c not a person)\n> * ここは三月前に東京から引っ越したアパートです。\n>\n\nto clarify that you're talking about the new place. But note that から is\nreferring to the old place.\n\nFinally, you might be wondering if particle に could be used ambiguously here,\nsince に can be used to indicate both from FROM where something came, and TO\nwhere it went, e.g.:\n\n> FROM: Aさんに○○もらった。 TO: Aさんに○○を上げた。\n\nWhen indicating physical direction/location, に is unambiguous, so if you use\nit you'll always refer to the new place.\n\n**concepts covered:**\n\n * Japanese is often concerned with the relationship between the speaker, the listener, and the referent of an utterance.\n * Since the concept of 引っ越し doesn't refer to the present location of the speaker, but rather to that of his abode (the _referent_ ), a word like きた in its literal movement meaning can be used to separately clarify directionality/location of the _speaker_.\n * Japanese as a grammar doesn't enjoy ambiguity, it only tolerates it\n * Sentence modification often introduces ambiguity, by e.g. effectively restricting how you can use particles (especially に) with the modified word, and by moving words away from their referents; so in this case avoiding such a grammar structure also makes it easier to do stuff like use particles like に to specify physical location/direction. You could also add additional words for context, like 新しい.\n * Words like ここ and この also, unless being used abstractly, frequently imply the location of the subject/focus/referent of the sentence. (Well, I guess in your examples ここ IS the subject (the topic), and アパート is the object, or whatever the English terms are.)\n * Your second sentence could still be referring to the old place, since 引っ越し/引っ越す doesn't specify FROM vs TO by itself (i.e. without a particle like を、から、に, etc.) - although usually if you're talking about a specific location, it's assumed to be where you moved TO, unless から/を is explicitly used.\n * Since you're focusing on where you moved to rather than the _act_ of moving, 引っ越す is more natural than 引っ越し here.\n * Because きた and ここ are in agreement, and ここ/引っ越し alone are slightly ambiguous, using きた here is more natural\n * When 引っ越していく・きた, etc. modifies a nominal, that nominal (the 被修飾語) is usually a person, because it's a person that undertakes the physical movement, and placing related words close together is more natural (which is why modifying the 引っ越し先 with きた can be confusing)\n * Unless made explicit with e.g. を、引っ越す/引っ越し is a general concept that needn't refer to a change in location of either a person or a home; only a change in where home of that person is located (e.g. この辺に引っ越してきた)\n * Agreement, unambiguity, grammar, redundancy, and usage frequency can be used to determine which of two utterances is relatively more or less natural to say\n * I went overboard here (don't ask how long this took to revise), and I'm pretty sure I said everything twice in this answer (even after removing extra details that might've been over your head). Someone feel free to edit for clarity/content", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-15T15:25:11.853", "id": "84208", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-15T15:53:31.073", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-15T15:53:31.073", "last_editor_user_id": "27987", "owner_user_id": "27987", "parent_id": "84073", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "After some more research, I have come across some interesting explanations.\nI'll link below the 2 webpages that helped me the most.\n\n<https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/difference-between-su-ending-verb-\nand-causative.3239414/>\n\n<https://maggiesensei.com/2009/10/24/%E3%81%95%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B%E3%81%95%E3%81%9B%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B-saserusaserareru/>\n\nWell, what I came to understand is that there are actually 2 types of\nCausative Form: the one from Classical Japanese, and the other one from Modern\nJapanese.\n\n> In Classical Japanese, the causative is formed by adding す／さす to the 未然形 of\n> the verb\n>\n> if the 未然形 ends in /a/, add す: 行く=>いか＋す＝行かす\n>\n> if the 未然形 ends not in /a/, add さす: 見る=>み＋さす＝見さす\n>\n> The resulting verb conjugates in 下二段, i.e.\n>\n> 行かせ(ず)・行かせ(たり)・行かす(。)・行かする(とき)・行かすれ(ども)・行かせよ(！)\n>\n> 見させ(ず)・見させ(たり)・見さす(。)・見さする(とき)・見さすれ(ども)・見させよ(！)\n>\n> And the causative of the verb す(equivalent of する) is often abbreviated:\n> せさす=>さす\n\nSo I understood that all the verbs I listed before (and called ーあす verbs) are\nactually causatives derived from this Classical Causative. Since we are in the\nModern Japanese era, they are now considered almost \"verbs by itself\" and not\na causative per se, that's what I got from the post in Maggie Sensei's\nwebsite.\n\nIn this same post, I understood that although verbs per se, they are still\ncausatives, hence, to conjugate 聞かす in the causative as 聞かさせる is redundant and\ngrammaticaly incorrect.\n\nTherefore, the verb 聞く has, sort to say, 2 causatives... 聞かす (classical) and\n聞かせる (modern). Is there any difference between them?\n\nFrom the post of Maggie-sensei, what I understood is that:\n\n```\n\n YES, there is.\n \n```\n\nThe modern causative form of 聞く is 聞かせる and it can mean both \"To make someone\nlisten\" or \"To let someone listen\" and that depends pretty much on the\ncontext.\n\n```\n\n However, 聞かす (classical) has only one meaning, and that is \"To make someone listen\".\n \n```\n\nBecause of this, I feel there is a tendency on using the classical causative\nwith the Passive-Causative, because it is easier to the tongue...\n\n> 聞く plain verb\n>\n> 聞かす(classical) ・・・ 聞かされる (passive-causative, more common).\n>\n> 聞かせる (modern) ・・・ 聞かせられる (passive-causative, less common).\n\nTL:DR\n\n```\n\n 聞かす　＝　聞かせる\n The former is classical causative, the latter is modern causative.\n But 聞かす only means \"to make someone listen\", while 聞かせる can also mean \"to let someone listen\".\n \n```", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-06T22:06:47.590", "id": "84079", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T22:06:47.590", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36542", "parent_id": "84074", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I'd say 可愛さ余って憎さ百倍 is a good contender (when you love something a lot, your\nhatred will also be strong once you start to hate it).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-09T16:18:58.107", "id": "84127", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-09T16:18:58.107", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84075", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "「つく」does correspond to several words, but 「目につく」is 「目に付く」, meaning \"to attract\nattention\" or \"to be noticeable\", with 「付く」rendered either in kana or kanji.\n「もの」just means \"thing\".\n\n> 今のところ、目につくものは何もない。\n\nmeans\n\n> So far, there is nothing noticeable at all.\n\nOr\n\n> For now, nothing has stood out/caught my attention.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-06T21:55:37.893", "id": "84077", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T21:55:37.893", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84076", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "「として」is a set phrase meaning \"as, in the role of\", derived from the\ncontinuative form of 「とする」+ conjunctive particle 「て」.\n\n「窓口として」means \"as a window\". This sounds a bit weird, doesn't it? Let's put it\nback into the context. The noun phrase modified by 「として」is actually\n「お客様との対話の窓口」, not just 「窓口」. 「窓口」is used figuratively here.\n\nお客様との対話の窓口として: as a channel of communication with the customers\n\n> 今後もお客様との対話の窓口として、より充実していくべく努力してまいります\n\nA rough rendition of this in English goes something like this:\n\n> [We] will continue to work hard as a channel of communication with our\n> customers, making it even better than before.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-06T22:57:02.330", "id": "84080", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-06T22:57:02.330", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84078", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, this いった is the past form of 言う (\"to say/call\"), and か after it is a\nquestion marker. Isn't there a comma, a line break or a space after いったか?\n音無とかいったか is \"You said (something like) Otonashi?\", and this is for confirming\nthe listener's name. This sounds fairly blunt, so don't use it in\nconversations in real life.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T00:48:39.380", "id": "84082", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-07T00:48:39.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84081", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The expression is 「といったらない」with several variations.\n\n> ～といったらありはしない \n> ～といったらありゃしない \n> ～ったらありゃしない \n> ～といったらない \n> ～ったらない\n\n[『精選版\n日本国語大辞典』](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-2065985)により\n\n>\n> 状態を表わす語をうけて、それが、度がはずれていて、はなはだしいことを、驚いたり、あきれたりしていう。…ときたら大変なものだ。としたことが。とだしてはない。 \n> ※牛肉と馬鈴薯（1901）〈国木田独歩〉「其時の心持といったら無(ナ)いね、何だか斯(か)う馬鹿野郎！といふやうな心持がしてねェ」\n\n[『実用日本語表現辞典』](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%82%83%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\n\n>\n> 主に形容詞の後ろにつき、その形容詞を強調する口語表現。「ったら」の部分は、「と言ったら」が略されたものである。例えば、「羨ましいったらありゃしない」と言った場合には、非常に羨ましいことを意味し、「みっともないったらありゃしない」と言った場合には、非常にみっともないと思っていることを意味する。\n\nThe phrase seems to have morphed out of contractions and omissions.\n\n * 「ったら」=「と言ったら」=「と言えば」=「～ことと言えば」\n * 「ない」=「ありゃしない」=「ありはしない」=「ありえない」\n * 「他に」is left unsaid in these expressions.\n\nTherefore, 「Xといったらない」means\n\n> Xのことと言えば、X以外のことはありえない\n\nnamely,\n\n> X is the ultimate example of its kind. \n> X is in a class of its own. \n> There is nothing like X!\n\n> フランツ司祭が体調を崩して寝たきりになってからの村の連中の態度といったらなっかったよ。\n\nmeans\n\n> When フランツ司祭 got terribly sick and became bedridden, the attitude of the guys\n> in the village couldn't have been worse.\n\nOr if you want to spice it up with a little sarcasm:\n\n> When フランツ司祭 got terribly sick and became bedridden, the villagers' attitude\n> was priceless.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T02:18:06.063", "id": "84084", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-07T07:45:42.840", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-07T07:45:42.840", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84083", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 }, { "body": "態度 / と / いったら / なかった/。\n\n```\n\n 態度 == attitude\n と == (i don't know how to explain)\n いたっら == is\n なかった　== bad (in only this sentence)\n \n```\n\nnormally ”なかった” meaning is \"nothing\" and this is past participle. \"ない\" is now\nparticiple.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T08:43:16.357", "id": "84090", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-07T08:43:16.357", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41837", "parent_id": "84083", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]

[ { "body": "[「寸{すん}」](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%B8)as standardized in the Meiji\nera is about 3 cm in the International System of Units (SI.)\n\n「胸三寸{むねさんずん}」means three 寸 (9 cm) into the chest, which is where the heart was\nthought to be. 「胸三寸に納める」literally means \"to put away deep in the chest\". This\nphrase according to\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%83%B8%E4%B8%89%E5%AF%B8%E3%81%AB%E7%B4%8D%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B/)\nmeans:\n\n> 心の中にしまい込んで、顔にも言葉にも出さないでいる。胸三寸に畳む。「何もかも―・めておく」\n\nNamely it means \"to bury (feelings, thoughts) (in your heart)\", \"not to show\nit on the outside\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T05:57:21.900", "id": "84087", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-07T05:57:21.900", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84086", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> 過ち = your past mistake \n> 誤ち = now mistake; normally used in text or books, not in conversation", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T08:47:49.480", "id": "84091", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T08:35:07.457", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-08T08:35:07.457", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "41837", "parent_id": "84088", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "You can actually write it in both ways, and they will mean slightly different\nthings.\n\n過ち will imply error in moral judgement. 誤ち will imply accidental mistakes.\n\nSo it's better to write 過去の過ちを責めてはいけない rather than 過去の誤ちを責めてはいけない because in\nthis case, you are not talking about accidental mistakes. Similary, it's\nbetter to write 計算を誤った than 計算を過った.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T10:31:30.513", "id": "84093", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-07T10:31:30.513", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84088", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "Judging from this question and another question you have posted, I can see you\nare having some trouble with 「で」. 「で」roughly functions like \"with\"\nsemantically and syntactically in these expressions. Sometimes \"with\" alone\ndoesn't quite cut it, but with a few more words, can render this expression in\nEnglish.\n\n「じゃあ、そういうことで」：With that (said/settled), let's call it a day.\n\nSimilarly in your quoted line, 「ってことで」also concludes the conversation or\nsettles that slice of an exchange. More or less something like this:\n\n> [My dream]\n>\n> 遊: civil servant or full-time employee at a good company\n>\n> 理々: That's not a dream! It's just a stable plan.\n>\n> 遊: Okay, my dream is stability then!", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T19:32:23.610", "id": "84102", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-09T03:02:42.910", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-09T03:02:42.910", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84089", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "It is hard to find an English equivalent of「で」here. I'd say it's similar to\n\"with\". これで：\"with this\". But more natural English renditions would be \"in this\nshape\", \"under these circumstances\", etc.\n\nA similar usage is 私でよければ…: \"If I am fine...\" \"If you are fine with me\" This\nphrase can be used in many ways.\n\n「ってんだから」：「というのだから」See [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14400/30454)\n\n> はー……すっごいなぁ、最近のゲームって。これで体験版ってんだから、こりゃ製品版出たら買うしかないなあ\n\nMy rendition:\n\n> Wow, that's amazing! (Can't believe) recent games. If something like that is\n> a demo, I will really have to buy the public release version when it comes\n> out.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T20:12:24.010", "id": "84103", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T04:15:22.350", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-08T04:15:22.350", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84094", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "「行きたくない」would sound very direct, stilted, if not rude in this context.\n\nSaying「別に」is a little like saying \"nothing in particular\", \"not particularly\",\n\"nothing much\" in English. As a phrase it has a lot of functions and is often\nused to equivocate what one says.\n\nIf the response is just a brusque「別に」, it means 「別に行きたくない」(I don't want to go\nin particular.). But 「別に」can also be used in such expressions as\n\n「別にどっちでもいい」: Either way. I don't care.\n\n「別にいいよ」=「別に（そんなことをしなくても）いい」: OK", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T19:01:37.420", "id": "84101", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-07T19:29:48.400", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-07T19:29:48.400", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84097", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Basically, for very common sounds there is less variance in what onomatopoeia\nis used, but when it comes to uncommon sounds, there is a lot more diversity.\n\nIMO Chainsaw is a relatively uncommon sound, so it's a bit up for grabs. I'd\ndescribe it as something like ブィーン (an established onomatopoeia for electrical\ntools like drills).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-08T17:32:13.910", "id": "84115", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T17:32:13.910", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84098", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 }, { "body": "Sorry if it's late coming, and it may just be me, but wouldn't it be\n\"girigiri\" the sound of grinding? I believe Giriko from Soul Eater was named\nbased on such due to being a chainsaw.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-05-03T08:42:33.763", "id": "94350", "last_activity_date": "2022-05-03T08:42:33.763", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51241", "parent_id": "84098", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Have you tried looking it up in a dictionary? Jisho/WWWJDIC gives:\n\n> 本格的{ほんかくてき}\n>\n> Na-adjective\n>\n> 1. genuine; real; regular; normal; typical; standard; orthodox\n>\n\n本格的にやる: do something for real, be serious about doing it\n\n本格的に勉強している: have been studying seriously\n\n> じゃあ、オレ本格的に帰るわ\n\n> So I am going back, for real.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-07T18:18:53.990", "id": "84100", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-07T18:18:53.990", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84099", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "For what I have seen in Japanese text (manga, wiki pages,etc), furigana is\ncommonly used for the entire word, not just a meaning to each kanji (A instead\nof B). I suppose that's better for printing and to the designer of interfaces.\nSome kanji have longer furigana than other kanji and it may make the\nvisualization thing a bit clumsy. I, however, as a student of the Japanese\nlanguage, would find it much easier if it was furigana by kanji and not by\nword or phrase of group of kanji. Well, at least when it is not known by me.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-08T03:13:42.320", "id": "84107", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T03:16:53.367", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-08T03:16:53.367", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "41848", "parent_id": "84104", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "In DTP jargon, per-word rubies (A) are called **グループルビ** (group-ruby), and\nper-kanji rubies (B) are called **モノルビ** (mono-ruby). There's also an\nintermediate convention called **熟語ルビ** (jukugo-ruby).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TNNz3.png)\n\n* * *\n\n> 1. Are there objective criteria to prefer one style over the other?\n>\n\nBasically, prefer mono-ruby (B) for ordinary compounds where there's one-to-\none correspondence between a kanji and a reading (e.g., 土曜日 = ど/よう/び). Use\ngroup-ruby (A) for jukujikun (i.e., 大人, 明日) and those [unconventional/creative\nrubies](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29431/5010).\n\nAs an exception, I personally prefer group-ruby on this site because mono-ruby\ncan severely hurt searchability. Typing `家​【か】内​【ない】` produces 家【か】内【ない】, but\nit splits the word and makes it impossible to search.\n\nWhen three or more kana are assigned to one kanji (e.g., 胃袋 = い/ぶくろ, 侍魂 =\nさむらい/だましい, 桜木町 = さくら/ぎ/ちょう), we have to consider spacing and **overhanging**\nas well, and there are many small rules around them. Please read [this\n\"Note\"](https://www.w3.org/TR/jlreq/#adjustments_of_ruby_with_length_longer_than_that_of_the_base_characters)\nby W3C if you are interested. Overhanging is not supported by the furigana\nextension of this site, MS Word, or the `<ruby>` tag of modern browsers. It's\nsupported by professional-use DTP software like Adobe InDesign.\n\n> 2. Is one of the two styles considered in some way \"official\"?\n> 3. Which of the two is actually more widely used?\n>\n\nThey are both common and have their own use cases. I can say mono-ruby is\ngenerally preferred in very simple cases such as 家内, but there are various\nhouse rules depending on the publisher for tricky cases. The W3C's \"Note\" is\nbased on [JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) X\n4051](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JIS_X_4051). The document by W3C should\nserve as a general consensus.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-09T01:08:44.780", "id": "84119", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-09T05:28:56.613", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-09T05:28:56.613", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84104", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]

[ { "body": "I'll give one resource I'm not fully happy with, but it might still be of help\nto some:\n\n[異字同訓 | 常用漢字情報サイト](https://joyokanji.info/iji.html?sa)\n\nhas useful disambiguations for \"異字同訓\", or different-spelling-same-reading\nnuances.\n\n* * *\n\nFor example if you scroll down to 差す：\n\n【差す】挟み込む。かざす。注ぐ。生じる。\n腰に刀を差す。抜き差しならない状況にある。傘を差す。日が差す。目薬を差す。差しつ差されつ。顔に赤みが差す。嫌気が差す。魔が差す。\n\nIt sort of describes 差す by using 差す itself, but they're some very compact\nusage examples which is already very useful. I can now somewhat interpolate\nthat the fundamental meaning of 差す is probably \"to point\" in an abstract sense\n(日が指す - the sunlight points somewhere; 傘を差す - you point the umbrella over your\nhead). \nI'll see if this intuition holds up when I encounter 差す in the wild next time.\n\nI'm still not fully happy because e.g. I don't see how 差し当たる comes to mean\n\"その場に出くわす。当面する。直面する。\". Is the metaphor maybe that my 気 points towards the\nsituation and then hits (当たる) it head-on?\n\nIdeally, there would exist a resource that gives such a good intution for 差す\nthat I don't have to second-guess myself. But it's already a step in the right\ndirection :)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-08T00:43:43.080", "id": "84106", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T14:23:47.523", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-08T14:23:47.523", "last_editor_user_id": "41847", "owner_user_id": "41847", "parent_id": "84105", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "> But my feeling is that it is referring to Kirito as the subject and is\n> saying he \"contains\" too much airheadedness?\n\nYou've got the point. The nuance of 入る here is just like \"is contained\" or \"is\ninside\" as you understand, so that sentence reminds me while he \"contains\" too\nmuch airheadedness, he's not an absolute dimwit.\n\nAlthough we don't often use 入る when describing the human's nature (e.g.\n優しさが入ってる sounds weird), 天然 and 入る have a strong affinity because we can\nexpress euphemism by adding 入る.\n\nNote that objectives may become subjectives if you translate 入る as \"contains\"\nespecially in this context. You might as well consider it as \"is inside\". As a\nside note, \"Intel Inside\" was translated as \"Intel 入ってる\" in Japanese.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-08T16:20:46.927", "id": "84114", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T16:36:10.243", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-08T16:36:10.243", "last_editor_user_id": "19830", "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "84109", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "The words you're having trouble with are\n\n> 現場、目標地点、軽装\n\nThey're not difficult words, so if you didn't have any trouble with the rest\nof the sentences, I guess I won't need to say more.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-08T13:28:15.037", "id": "84111", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-08T15:41:28.690", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-08T15:41:28.690", "last_editor_user_id": "1628", "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "84110", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "電化製品 is synonymous to 家電 or home/consumer electrical equipment such as\ncleaners, refrigerators, laundry machines, microwaves, and air conditioners.\n\n電気製品 is less common and just means \"electric products/devices\" in general.\nCentrifuges, escalators, oscilloscopes are 電気製品, but they are usually not\ncalled 電化製品.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-09T04:26:20.690", "id": "84122", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-09T05:23:04.057", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-09T05:23:04.057", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84121", "post_type": "answer", "score": 19 }, { "body": "Although @naruto's answer already clarifies the current distinction between\nthe two words, it may be good to know how come those two are differentiated.\n\n電気製品 is literally \"electric product\" that covers everything it should.\nMeanwhile, 電化製品 is literally \"electri **fied** product\", which is originally\nused to advertise a new modern lifestyle—now rather commonplace in developed\ncountries—that replaces human power with that of electricity. Washing machine\ninstead of washboard, vacuum instead of broom, refrigerator instead of cold\ncloset, rice cooker instead of iron pot, etc.\n\nSo 電化製品 is a quite [path\ndependent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_dependence) name, but still\npreferred when you refer to home appliances.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-10T06:39:46.780", "id": "84136", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-10T07:01:38.460", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-10T07:01:38.460", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84121", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]

[ { "body": "Native Japanese speaker here. \"食べる物\" is a phrase and is totally different from\n\"食べ物\". \"食べる物\" means \"something to eat\"; there is a noun and a verb in that\nphrase. On the other hand \"食べ物\" generally means \"food\", and it's considered\none word.\n\nSame with \"飲み物\" and \"飲む物\"; \"飲み物\" is one word meaning \"drink\", and \"飲む物\" is a\nphrase, meaning \"something to drink\".\n\nIf you're ever stuck on whether you should use 食べ物 or 食べる物, I think it would\nbe safest to go with 食べ物, or search it up on the spot because different\nsituations require different types of phrases.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-09T17:12:45.067", "id": "84129", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-10T05:59:34.503", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-10T05:59:34.503", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "41866", "parent_id": "84123", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "I'd say this is up to individual preference (don't think people change it\ndepending on if it's used as a suffix etc.).\n\nIf you are set on guidelines, you could follow the recommendation of the\nJapanese newspaper association ([book\nlink](https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF-%E7%AC%AC13%E7%89%88-%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E9%9B%86-%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%A4%BE%E5%9B%A3%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E7%A4%BE/dp/4764106876)).\n\nTo my best understanding, the recommendation is to prefer あまり (in all cases).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-09T16:16:20.060", "id": "84126", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-09T16:16:20.060", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84125", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "We need to see the context!\n\n> **『都市伝説』。** \n> 世に囁かれる星の数にも届く **それら** は、一種の『願望』である。 \n> ———例えばそれは、『人類は月に行っていない』という都市伝説。 \n> ———例えばそれは、ドル紙幣に隠されたフリーメイソンの陰謀。 \n> ———例えばそれは、フィラデルフィア計画による時間移動実験。 \n> 千代田線核シェルター説、エリア51、ロズウェル事件、etc—–— \n> 枚挙にいとまがない **これらの都市伝説** を眺めれば、明確な法則性が見えてくる。\n\nThe それら, \"those\", refers to 『都市伝説』 = これらの都市伝説, \"these urban legends\".\n\n世に囁かれる and 星の数にも届く are both relative clauses that modify それら, so:\n\n> 『都市伝説』-- （世*に囁かれる）（星の数にも届く）それらは、一種の『願望』である。\n>\n> \"Urban legends\" -- those (which are rumored in the world*) (which are as\n> many as the number of stars) are one kind of \"wish\".\n\ni.e.\n\n> \"Urban legends\", which are rumored in the world* and are as many as the\n> number of stars, are a kind of \"wish\".\n\n*The [世]{よ}, the world, means [世間]{せけん}, not [世界]{せかい}. [世]{よ}に[囁]{ささや}かれる means [世間]{せけん}で[噂]{うわさ}される.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-10T02:11:20.860", "id": "84134", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-10T02:26:25.167", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-10T02:26:25.167", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "84130", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "Actually, if you look around [the lyrics](https://www.uta-\nnet.com/song/251597/):\n\n> ある日気付いたの \n> **幼い頃 きっと彼と出会ってたと** \n> なんだか不器用で \n> け散らすような視線だけを 振りまいた\n\nThe second line in question is not grammatically connected to the following\nlines but the previous one. It is an inverted sentence that the quotative と\nshould qualify the verb 気付く (cf. [What does と mean in\n「ここにおいで」と?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38645/7810)).\n\n> 幼い頃 きっと彼と出会ってたと ある日気付いたの\n\nNow, 出会ってた is contraction of 出会っていた ([What is Vて+た\nconstruction?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18498/7810)), which is 出会う\n(verb) + ている (aspect) + た. However, in this case, both ている and た need some\nexplanation.\n\nている generally denotes continuation, but here not of the event 出会う \"meet\", but\nof its resultative state: \"have the result of meeting\", which practically\nequals to saying \"have already met\". See [When is Vている the continuation of\naction and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/7810)\n\nた is usually described as past, or more correctly perfect, but also has a\nusage to depict actualization and/or realization of a fact, which we usually\ncall \"た of discovery\" (see [Non conventional usage of the past\ntense](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40733/7810)). In this sense, it\ncan be translated as \"It in fact does —!\" or \"I didn't think it did —!\"\n\n> 幼い頃 きっと彼と出会ってたと ある日気付いたの \n> _One day I realized that I must have (already) met him when I was young._", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-10T05:34:35.093", "id": "84135", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-10T05:51:30.850", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-10T05:51:30.850", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84132", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It's the equivalent of a question to clarify information for further\nprocessing: \"About what?\" or \"What is?\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-10T16:12:35.353", "id": "84139", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-10T16:12:35.353", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "20056", "parent_id": "84137", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The correct choice is 音色. In Japanese, コーラス normally refers to 合唱 or group\nsinging, so バイオリンのコーラス doesn't make much sense. (Experts of music may say\nsomething different, though.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-10T17:07:54.157", "id": "84141", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-10T17:07:54.157", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84140", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "年収だってこんなにあんのよ is a colloquial form of 年収だってこんなにあるのよ. This is equivalent to\n年収もこんなにあるのよ and it means \"The salary is this high, too\".\n\nThe use of も in 年収も indicates there were other good aspects, and the speaker\nis adding another good aspect to what was already discussed (年収). こんなにある means\nsome quantity is visible to the listener, too, and the speaker is indicating\nthey assess that quantity to be quite high. So in the case, the listener must\nbe aware of how much the 年収 is.\n\nBy adding のよ, the speaker indicates this fact explains something or should be\na reason to reconsider something. E.g.\n「年収もこんなにあるのよ。そらフェラーリくらい買うでしょ」、「年収もこんなにあるのよ。よりを戻しなさいよ」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-11T22:24:40.433", "id": "84154", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-11T22:24:40.433", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84145", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The answer to your question basically boils down to \"yes, this sounds weird\nand a little redundant.\"\n\n`くれる` can be used as a normal verb in addition to a subsidiary verb, like\n\n> トムは私に本をくれた\n\nbut even then, if you want to request something and use `ください`, the natural\nway is to just say `本をください`. `くれる` and `ください` have sufficiently different\nnuances that I don't know if I would call the combination of them\n_tautological_ , but it's definitely not something people typically say -\n`本をくれてください` sounds at least a little weird.\n\nSimilarly, they're not stacked together as subsidiary verbs either.\n`帰ってくれてください` is at best wordplay and at worst weird/unnatural.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-14T04:05:29.470", "id": "84193", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-14T04:05:29.470", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7705", "parent_id": "84146", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "As you've suggested, the literal translation of \"意識\" would be consciousness,\nawareness, sense, etc... However, in general conversation/writings, we tend to\nuse the word ”意識” when we need to explain how our mind works (what we have in\nour mind to the object, how we feel for the things, etc..) For example,\n\"政治に対する意識\" means how we are facing up to the politics. In this case, the word\n\"意識\" includes the meanings of recognition/perception, understanding,\nrealization, intention etc..\n\n*ja.wikipedia seems to have a good explanation on this issue. \n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98>\n\nSo if I translate \"「時」の意識\" to English, it would likely be \"what/how we take\nTime as\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-11T23:39:51.960", "id": "84157", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-11T23:46:23.633", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-11T23:46:23.633", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "41891", "parent_id": "84148", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "So the questions and answers provided by Eddie Kal in the comments pretty much\nanswer your question, but I can see how it might not be immediately obviously\nhow they apply in this case.\n\nFirst of all, just to be clear, `で` can be used for expressing time/timing in\ncertain cases. You will see this listed as a possible definition in pretty\nmuch any dictionary, including [Jisho](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A7). In\nparticular, as mentioned by [the first\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/62192/7705) and alluded to [by\nthe second answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/83629/the-\ndifference-between-%E3%81%AB-and-%E3%81%A7-when-indicating-the-time-when-\nsomething-terminate) provided by Eddie Kal, `で` carries a fairly strong\nconnotation of something coming to an end or resolving at a specific time.\n\nIn regard to how that applies to this specific case, you said in the comments:\n\n> Those are regarding verbs that terminate, almost like an \"until\", while in\n> this case there's no termination or deadlines, and only the day itself is\n> significant\n\nArguably the process of becoming exactly 20 years old is arguably something\nthat requires exactly 20 years and then terminates. Looking at it that way,\nthis seems like an appropriate usage of `で`. If that doesn't seem intuitive to\nyou, you can also just think of `で` as emphasizing the significance of the\nspecific time.\n\n> この事故から、１０日で２０年になりました。\n>\n> On the 10th, it will have been 20 years since the accident to the day.\n\n`で` here is perhaps not quite as strong as English's `to the day`, but it's\nthe closest thing I could come up with.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-14T03:34:26.933", "id": "84192", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-14T03:34:26.933", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7705", "parent_id": "84150", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "Modern translation(I changed a little)\n\n> 私はこの経験から得た力から,自分を鍛え、他の場所でも生きていけるようになると思う。\n\nEnglish:\n\n> I think I will be able to use the power I gained from this experience to\n> train myself and exist elsewhere.\n\nIt may not be accurate, sorry.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-12T11:38:20.080", "id": "84163", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-12T11:38:20.080", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41894", "parent_id": "84151", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "> 私はこの力を[以]{もっ}て[己]{おの}れを[鞭]{むちう}ち他を生きる事が出来るように思う。\n\nI think it means\n\n> 私は、この力を使って自分を奮い立たせ、他の生き方ができると思う。 \n> I feel that I will be able to push myself hard with this ability/strength\n> (to do the three things mentioned right before) and live in a different way\n> (from the way I lived before your mother died).\n\nTo break it down:\n\n私は I \nこの力を以て using this ability/strength; with this ability/strength \n己れを鞭ち push myself hard; drive myself hard \n他を生きる live differently; live in a different way \n事が出来る can; will be able to \nように思う feel like, think", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-13T01:27:11.347", "id": "84174", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-13T01:27:11.347", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "84151", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> although a common translation of ~ようにする is \"try to\"\n\nThis does not seem true, and I guess from other questions you cited that it is\nbecause you perhaps confuse two expressions ～ようとする and ～ようにする, or two よう in\nthem (they are as different as _can_ (able) and _can_ (container), and attach\nto different verb conjugations).\n\n～ようにする is, literally parsed, \"do so that —ing occurs\", or \"make (sure) —\nhappen\". Even if you want to translate it with \"try\", it is not \"try to V\" but\n\"try the best so that V\". I think [this answer by Graham\nHealey](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/49135/7810) is the best\nverbalization for its usage.\n\nGiven that, the implication of success with and without た is easy to explain:\nwhen you promise to \"make it happen\" it is objectively still uncertain if it\ndoes, but when you say \"made it happen\" it is already done.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-13T05:26:43.073", "id": "84176", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-13T05:26:43.073", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84152", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's a manga/anime expression (one can tell because it's extravagant). I think\nin this case, the speaker is saying even the baddies are living things, so\nthey should be allowed to die and lie down (or lie down after they die) -\nrather than say converted into an undead, be displayed on a pike or something.\n\nIt's hard to tell what was exactly meant because it's supposed to sound\nmysterious.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-11T22:32:21.787", "id": "84155", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-11T22:32:21.787", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "84153", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "> When I'm touching the oven, he watches me properly, even when he is\n> shouting/raising his voice.\n\nI don't know who メガネくん is (it can be person A or the other person C), but yes,\nI agree with your thought. Person A says \"私なら仕事でもあれだけ言われたら怒ります\", so they're\ndefinitely talking about someone else (person C).\n\n> オーブンを触るときは、大声出してるときでもちゃんと見ててくれるんだよ\n\nThe second とき is also confusing to me. As your English sentence indicates, he\nshould have watched person A first and then scolded A with a loud voice. It's\nkind of weird that to scold A with a loud voice and to watch A occur at exact\nthe same time. While I can understand what it means, it's not very logical.\n\nI'd say like these:\n\n「オーブンを触るときは、大声こそ出してるけどちゃんと見ててはくれるんだよ」\n\n「オーブンを触るときは、ちゃんと見ててくれるんだよ。たまに大声で注意されるけど」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-28T14:25:49.927", "id": "85820", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-28T14:25:49.927", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "84156", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I don't think it's possible, either. Might be a typo, as the user says くださる is\nthe polite form of くれる, and くれたい doesn't work just before that part.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T08:34:55.463", "id": "84726", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-22T08:34:55.463", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "84159", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "出しよう is functioning as a noun in the sentence, which is why you would use の to\nconnect another noun to it. This is similar to how you would say 手紙の書き方 and\nnot 手紙を書き方, even though 書き方 is based on the verb 書く.\n\nPerhaps the fact that the よう in this grammar point is usually not written in\nkanji makes it look less like it's a noun, but technically this よう is 様. It\nattaches to a verb stem to make the construction \"method/way of [verb]ing\".\nAnd then you've got がない, so \" there is no way of [verb]ing.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-12T09:28:01.557", "id": "84162", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-12T09:28:01.557", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "20479", "parent_id": "84160", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I think I've understood your confusion. When you say \"I don't **have** coffee,\ncan I have tea ?\" are you thinking that the first 'have' would be equivalent\nto \"I don't **drink/take** coffee\"? Perhaps my understanding was biased by\nhaving read the Japanese sentence first, but I think this would be quite a\nconfusing thing to say even in English.\n\nない doesn't have that meaning. It denotes existence or possession. So the only\nreasonable interpretation of this sentence is \"I don't have coffee. Will tea\nbe okay?\".", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-12T16:53:04.740", "id": "84165", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-12T16:53:04.740", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "84164", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It's 雷門\n\n> The Kaminarimon (雷門, \"Thunder Gate\") is the outer of two large entrance\n> gates that ultimately leads to the Sensō-ji (the inner being the Hōzōmon) in\n> Asakusa, Tokyo, Japan. The gate, with its lantern and statues, is popular\n> with tourists. It stands 11.7 m tall, 11.4 m wide and covers an area of 69.3\n> m2.[1] The first gate was built in 941, but the current gate dates from\n> 1960, after the previous gate was destroyed in a fire in 1865.\n> <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaminarimon>\n\n[https://jisho.org/search/雷門](https://jisho.org/search/%E9%9B%B7%E9%96%80)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-12T21:55:03.167", "id": "84170", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-12T21:55:03.167", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41903", "parent_id": "84169", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "仕上がる and 完成する are not much interchangeable in Japanese, though you may cover\nboth with English \"to complete\". It may be better explained from its\ntransitive counterpart 仕上げる, which means \"finalize\", or in the A を B に仕上げる\nformula to mean \"put A [work] into B [a final form]\". As the \"final form\"\nmeaning is already incorporated in the verb, the argument ～に is used to\ndescribe what it is like.\n\nThus the intransitive one would mean like:\n\n> 二亜は……今まで『デート』にいなかったキャラに仕上がってくれた \n> \"Nia is (desirably) shaped into a character that has never existed in\n> 『デート』\" \n> \"Nia has (finally) acquired a personality that has never existed in 『デート』\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-15T05:26:27.243", "id": "84201", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-15T12:36:10.510", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-15T12:36:10.510", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84177", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "見るも is better remembered as a fixed adverbial idiom \"patently\", \"manifestly\"\nbut usually qualifies what is shocking at first glance.\n\nThis phrase cooccurs with following adjectives across the\n[BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/):\n\nword | count \n---|--- \n無残/無惨/無慙/無ざん/むざん | 32 \n哀れ/あわれ | 7 \n恐ろしい/おそろしい | 5 \nおぞましい | 4 \n痛々しい | 3 \nあさましい | 1 \n嫌 | 1 \n悲しい | 1 \nきれい | 1 \n燦爛 | 1 \n獰猛 | 1 \n悲惨 | 1 \nまばゆい | 1 \nまぶしい | 1 \nみじめ | 1 \n \n( **Edit** : a few additions during a more complete query.)\n\nSo that 見るも巨大な could be translated \"awfully massive\" or \"monstrously huge\".\n\nThis grammar belongs to the historical 連体形準体法, attaching nominal particles\ndirectly to a verb, from the time when today's dictionary form represented\n[some sort of participle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attributive_verb). It\nis only surviving in proverbs and a few fixed expressions, such as [[verb] +\nには](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13057/7810), [[verb] +\nがいい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36714/7810), and\n[思うに/言うに...](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29418/7810)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-13T09:38:03.117", "id": "84181", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-16T02:08:04.330", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-16T02:08:04.330", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84180", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]

[ { "body": "The informal version of \"彼女はいつ来ますか？\" is \"彼女はいつ来るの？\"\n\n * \"のか？\" is a literary style, and it almost never happens in ordinary conversations in the real world.\n * `BE + -ING` (eg \"She is coming tomorrow\") is an **English** way of expressing future tense. Japanese ている doesn't have such a function.\n\nSee: <https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/question-markers/>\n\n(By the way, if you want to make it really natural, don't use 彼女. An average\nJapanese boy doesn't use it more than once a month.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-14T09:01:56.093", "id": "84195", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-14T09:01:56.093", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84182", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I'd say 彼女はいつ来るの? Just adding の right after the base form of verb works. This\nrule can be applied to other verbs like 戻る, 帰る, and so on.\n\nHowever, Japanese don't use 彼女, 彼 or 私たち so often. I actually pictured myself\nspeaking and figured out that it would be more natural if we omit subjectives\nor specify persons' names. e.g. いつ来るの?, Mary はいつ来るの?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-14T09:14:13.753", "id": "84196", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-14T09:14:13.753", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "84182", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This sentence has an idiom, 要求を **飲む** , meaning \"to accept one's demand\". すべて\nis an adverb that modifies 飲む. See the fourth definition in [this\nentry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%A3%B2%E3%82%80/). (BTW 要求をする does\nnot make sense.)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-13T13:20:47.047", "id": "84184", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-13T13:20:47.047", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84183", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "They are heterographic as you say, but not synonymous. Since you already have\nthe meanings pretty much figured out, there is no need to go into detail. To\nsum, 暑い describes weather/environment/temperatures, while 熱い describes\nobjects.\n\nWhen you hear or see 「あつい」, context often determines which word is used.\n\nThe Venn diagram below, [copped from\nWikimedia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Homograph_homophone_venn_diagram.png),\ndemonstrates several related concepts. To be considered synonyms, the words\nhave to have the same meaning but different pronunciations and spellings.\nStrictly speaking \"synonyms\" exclude homophones and homographs.\n\n「暑い」and「熱い」fall square in the purple area.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mLdvu.png)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-13T19:35:08.830", "id": "84188", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-13T19:40:13.523", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-13T19:40:13.523", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84187", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "You've answered your own question here, you just haven't managed to figure out\nhow your answer applies to the given text.\n\n> AもBも is supposed to mean \"Both A and B\", but as far as I understand it's\n> supposed to be followed by a predicate...\n\nIt _is_ followed by a predicate. That predicate is `当てがなくなる`. Basically you\ncan parse it out like this:\n\n> (宿も食い物も) (当てがなくなる)\n\nWhere the aforementioned predicate applies to both `宿` and `食い物`. A very\ndirect translation might look something like this:\n\n> 俺らこれ使い果たすと宿も食い物も当てがなくなる\n>\n> Once we use this up, we'll have nothing to rely on for both shelter and\n> food.\n\n`当て` is a little but awkward to translate into English, but hopefully this\nclarifies things. `having no options left for food and shelter` might be a\nmore natural way to express the same thing.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-14T03:00:43.220", "id": "84191", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-14T03:00:43.220", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7705", "parent_id": "84190", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

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[ { "body": "Yes, ～はどうですか can be used in several ways.\n\n 1. \"How is ～?\"\n\n> 最近彼はどうですか? \n> How is he doing recently?\n>\n> 日本はどうですか? \n> How is Japan? / How do you like Japan? / How is your stay in Japan?\n\n 2. \"How/What about ～?\" (suggestion, offering)\n\n> お茶はどうですか? \n> How about some tea?\n>\n> 日本はどうですか? \n> How about (going to) Japan? / What about Japan?\n\n 3. \"How/What about ～?\" (asking the same thing for another topic)\n\n> 私は元気です。あなたはどうですか? \n> I'm fine. How about you?\n>\n> こちらはとても寒いです。日本はどうですか? \n> It's very cold here. How about Japan?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-15T22:28:35.870", "id": "84215", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-15T22:28:35.870", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84198", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "**お** 約束 can be just an honorific version of 約束 in formal speech, but it has\nits own meaning, too.\n\n> ### [お約束](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%8A%E7%B4%84%E6%9D%9F)\n>\n> 2. something expected or predictable (e.g. running gag); typical or\n> clichéd development (in a story); something considered obligatory or\n> guaranteed (in a certain situation)\n>\n\nFor this だが, see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32826/5010). So\nthis おやくそくだが means \"as you can expect\" or \"as always\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-14T22:33:21.550", "id": "84200", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-14T22:33:21.550", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84199", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 } ]

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[ { "body": "漢字の講義 and 漢字の話 are both correct Japanese phrases. 漢字の講義 sounds like a serious\nand academic lecture (usually oral). 漢字の話 is vague, and it can possibly refer\nto a column, a trivia, a discussion, a long talk, a lecture, or an entire\nbook. See broken laptop's link in the comment section. You can translate 講義 to\n'lecture' without thinking much in most cases. However, when you translate 話,\nyou have to choose an appropriate English word wisely depending on what it is\nactually referring to.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-15T22:04:24.347", "id": "84214", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-15T22:10:20.437", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-15T22:10:20.437", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84203", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "There are multiple distinct と's other than the quoting one, each has quite\nimportant meanings. Here it is **conditional**.\n\n> ここまで想定内の味だと、ある意味感動的よ！ \n> \"If it is of this much unsurprising taste, it's impressive in another way!\" \n> = _It tastes so unamazing that almost can be called amazing!_\n\nSee also:\n\n * [Confusion with Japanese particle と in its multiple uses](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15363/7810)\n * [と's role in 「それは触ると柔らかい」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41121/7810)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-15T13:03:57.427", "id": "84205", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-19T03:42:55.797", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-19T03:42:55.797", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84204", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes you are right. Verb + こと means \"the fact of 'Verb'\". To use it, the verb\nmust be in plain form (not only neutral), so た form works.\n\nYour translation 'the fact that I heard something so horrible doesn't exist'\nis correct, but to be less literal, I think 'I have never heard something so\nhorrible' is better.\n\nIn general, the pattern [...] Verb た こと が ない means \"(I) have never '[...]\nverb'\", \"(I) have never done '[...] verb'.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-15T14:25:36.097", "id": "84207", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-15T18:32:16.183", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-15T18:32:16.183", "last_editor_user_id": "33435", "owner_user_id": "41921", "parent_id": "84206", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "かぶり is an archaic word, and it's used almost exclusively in this idiom in\nmodern Japanese. It's probably an example of [a fossil\nword](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_word) (an obsolete word that\nremains only in a certain idiom). かぶりをふる is a literary fixed phrase that only\nmeans \"to deny/reject\", and you cannot put another modifier like 横に in\nbetween. When the physical motion is important (e.g., in dancing or\nheadbanging), you have to say あたまをふる. Also, 頭を縦に振る (meaning \"to give the nod\")\nis always read あたまをたてにふる.\n\nかしら is much rarer than あたま, but much more common than かぶり. かしら typically means\nhead in the sense of 'boss' in modern Japanese, but it's also just a literary\nand old-sounding synonym for (physical) head. So あたまをふる and かしらをふる should be\ninterchangeable, but from my experience, the latter is fairly rare. In my\nopinion, if you see 頭を横に振る in a modern novel, you can simply assume it's read\nあたまをよこにふる. (かしら never refers to one's mind or thinking function; 頭 in 自分の頭で考えろ\nor 頭が良い is always read あたま.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-15T20:46:41.397", "id": "84210", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-17T07:25:57.920", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-17T07:25:57.920", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84209", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]

[ { "body": "ウェ belongs to so-called [extended\nkatakana](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19226/5010). That is, this\nspelling is only used for approximating the pronunciation of foreign words,\nand no traditional Japanese words (wago and kango) contains this sound.\n\nThis also means there is no \"official\" romaji for this sound. Both kunrei and\nHepburn systems have never defined how to romanize ウェ. Still, since we use ウェ\nmainly to represent the sound of \"we\" as in \"wet\" or \"Wednesday\" in English,\nyou could say `we` is the _de facto_ standard romaji for ウェ. Of course `ue` is\nnot a reasonable option here because it's not distinguishable from two-mora\nウエ.\n\nAs for ヱ, yes, in ancient times, it _**was**_ pronounced like how we pronounce\nウェ today. But its pronunciation became closer to イェ (as in English \"yes\")\nalready around the 13th century, and エ in the 18th century. As I said, wago we\nuse today no longer contains the ウェ sound.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-15T21:35:36.383", "id": "84213", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-17T07:24:14.497", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-17T07:24:14.497", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84211", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]

[ { "body": "Both meanings are common. To me, those two meanings are actually closely\nrelated.\n\nざっくり or ザクッ is primarily an onomatopoeia for the coarse \"friction\" noise\nproduced when you deeply cut fiber-rich objects (cabbages, pumpkins, thick\ncloths, etc), trample snow/gravel, or dig in the soil with a shovel. You can\nhear typical ざっくり sounds in [this\nvideo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gf9pDbMCb9Q). (By the way, how do you\ndescribe this sound in English? I'm not sure, but maybe \"zap\" or \"crack\"?) We\nalso say ざくざく when such a noise is made in rapid succession.\n\nSo the ざく sound is basically a fairly rough noise. By extension,\nざく/ざっくり(と)/ざくっと by itself started to gain the sense of roughness/coarseness.\n\n * ざく切りにする to cut something into chunks (in cooking)\n * ざっくりと編んだセーター roughly knitted sweater\n * ざっくりとした説明 a rough explanation\n * ざっくり10万円 roughly 100 thousand yen\n\nIf I remember correctly, this usage was a little humorous and slangy in\nseveral decades ago, but now it has become commonplace.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-16T03:16:14.510", "id": "84219", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-16T04:56:04.697", "last_edit_date": "2021-02-16T04:56:04.697", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84216", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "[https://search2.j-lyric.net/index.php?kt=&ct=2&ka=&ca=2&kl=宿命%28さだめ%29&cl=2](https://search2.j-lyric.net/index.php?kt=&ct=2&ka=&ca=2&kl=%E5%AE%BF%E5%91%BD%28%E3%81%95%E3%81%A0%E3%82%81%29&cl=2)\nIt's ateji, often found in lyrics. There are many lyrics that don't say how to\nread them, so there are actually more than this. Other common ateji\n[https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22歌詞%22%22当て字%22](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E6%AD%8C%E8%A9%9E%22%22%E5%BD%93%E3%81%A6%E5%AD%97%22)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-02-16T01:26:43.730", "id": "84218", "last_activity_date": "2021-02-16T01:26:43.730", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41903", "parent_id": "84217", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]