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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

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[ { "body": "I assume the sentence appeared after the character couldn't fix something.\nHere, the sentence means that \"I wouldn't be able to go forward if I don't fix\nthis, but I just can't!\" with the \"just can't fix\" part abbreviated.\n\nIt has the same meaning as 「直さないと前に進まないのに、直せない」.\n\nSorry my English is not good enough to give you a phrase that represent the\nmeaning of のに here, but I hope you can get what I mean.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-06T16:06:35.343", "id": "84477", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-06T16:06:35.343", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42141", "parent_id": "84470", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "It's probably simplest to think of this のに as just \"but\". The clause after\n\"but\" is omitted.\n\n> 直さないと前に進まないのに...!! \n> [This/It] won't move forward if I don't fix it, but...!!\n\nThere is probably something that prevents the speaker from fixing \"it\".\n\n(I said \"probably\" because you provided almost no context. I imagined the\ncontext based on your translation attempt, but there can be other possible\ntranslations such as \"You should've fixed it if you wanted to move forward!\"\nPlease at least explain who is trying what. Also note that the subject of 進まない\nshould be an inanimate object because this person is not saying 進めない.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-06T16:39:09.917", "id": "84479", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-06T16:39:09.917", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84470", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "みた in 実況してみた means try to do or try doing something.\n\nIn the phrase, 見る has almost completely lost its original most familiar\nmeaning, but supports the verb 実況する by adding the meaning of an attempt or\ntry.\n\nAs for this particular usage of 実況してみた, I assume this is more about online\nsubculture than language.\n\nThe widespread online use of 〜してみた, such as 踊ってみた, I believe, has originated\nin Niconico, a popular hangout among manga and anime aficionados. Now, 〜してみた\nis more widely used online, and often appears in the headlines of videos of\namateur YouTubers.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-06T11:53:45.983", "id": "84476", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-07T02:20:24.847", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-07T02:20:24.847", "last_editor_user_id": "35664", "owner_user_id": "35664", "parent_id": "84471", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "You've broken down everything perfectly. 生まれてきて is the combination of 生まれる＋てくる\nin the Te-form. This is a grammar point that is [explained in more depth\nhere](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/helping-verbs/). Here, てくる\nessentially adds the nuance that someone is \"born **into** (this world)\"\nrather than just \"born in (this world)\".\n\nYou are correct that this [～てしまう](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-\ngrammar/utilization-of-the-te-form/#1) means something accidental and often\nundesirable. Being born into this world is not something intentional, and I\nassume being born in a world full of huge human eating babies is not something\ndesirable as well. adding ～てしまう gives that nuance here. So 生まれてくる＋てしまう gives\nyou 生まれてき **てしまう** →born into (this world) **unintentionally**.\n\nI think you have a good grasp on the rest of the sentence, so let's put them\ntogether.\n\n> この世に \n> In this world\n\n> この世に生まれてきてしまう \n> Born into this world (unintentionally)\n\n> この世に生まれてきてしまったからです \n> Because I was born into this world (unintentionally and perhaps\n> undesirably).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-06T06:34:26.980", "id": "84473", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-06T06:34:26.980", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "84472", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "This is called 鯉口を切る. In some monolingual dictionaries, there is even an entry\nfor it:\n\n> **鯉口を切る** \n> すぐに刀が抜けるように、刃を少し引き出しておく。鯉口をくつろげる。 「刀を引き寄せ、―・って見せた」〈藤村・夜明け前〉 \n> Source: [大辞泉 via\n> kotobank.jp](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%AF%89%E5%8F%A3%E3%82%92%E5%88%87%E3%82%8B-493565)\n\nthe description roughly translating to\n\n> Pulling out the blade a little bit so as to enable quick drawing of the\n> sword. Loosening the mouth of a sword sheath.\n\n鯉口 _koiguchi_ literally means \"carp's mouth\", because, well, the mouth of the\nsheath resembles an open carp's mouth.\n\nThe verb 切る _kiru_ has many different meanings ([大辞泉 lists 22\nmeanings](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%88%87%E3%82%8B-480486)) and here 切る\nshould maybe not be understood with its common meaning of \"cutting\" but\nprobably with the meaning of \"opening something sealed/closed\" (point 3 in\n_ibid._ ).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-06T09:16:08.157", "id": "84475", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-06T09:16:08.157", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "84474", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "As long as real classic Japanese is concerned, せたまふ is not causative but just\na double honorific (supreme sonkeigo). In other word, つかわせたまへ and 見継がせたまへ are\n“please use them (make them serve you)” and “please keep watching”. However,\nsince it’s just an archaism, it technically can be causative too. That said,\nif “please keep watching” makes sense in that context, that’s probably it.\n\nEdit: if it was 失せ物の蘇りたるを, it’s more likely “allow those dead yet revived help\nyou”. With 蘇る, I’m not sure. If that interpretation goes well along with the\nstory, that could still it.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-07T04:40:55.003", "id": "84481", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-08T01:18:02.877", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-08T01:18:02.877", "last_editor_user_id": "4092", "owner_user_id": "4092", "parent_id": "84480", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "指示 and 示す are occasionally interchangeable, but 指摘 is very different from the\nothers.\n\n指摘 means \"to point out\" in the sense of telling someone some unmentioned or\nforgotten fact.\n\n * 彼に私の欠点を指摘された。\n * 忘れていました、指摘してくださってありがとうございます。\n\n指示 means \"to instruct, order\" in most cases where it's used on its own. But\nit's sometimes used as a stiff kango version of 指し示す (\"to indicate, to point\n(out)\" in the sense of \"specifying the target/object\"), especially in\n[compounds](https://jisho.org/search/%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA).\n\n * 部下に朝7時に出勤するよう指示した。\n * 指示代名詞 demonstrative pronoun\n\n示す basically just means \"to mean, signify, tell, represent, show\". It can mean\n\"to point out\" when the subject is something pointy (arrow, finger, a clock\nhand, etc.)\n\n * 感謝の気持ちを示しましょう。\n * 指を使って行き先を示した。\n * 時計の針は5時を示している。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-07T08:03:13.983", "id": "84483", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-07T08:03:13.983", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84482", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This is a perfectly natural use of くる. 呼んでくる does mean \"go and call (and then\ncome back)\"; this sentence means Tanaka-san has to go out of the room to call\nYamamoto-san, and then come back (with or without him). This use of くる is\nexactly the same as くる as in 買ってくる, 見てくる, 出かけてくる, etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-07T10:47:30.037", "id": "84485", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-07T10:47:30.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84484", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

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[ { "body": "As long as it is in the past tense it should be correct, so 3(a) and 3(b) are\nno go.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-08T12:16:18.170", "id": "84496", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-08T12:16:18.170", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42066", "parent_id": "84490", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "Only 3(a) sounds somewhat unnatural - by adding ずっと it sounds natural. Other\nthan this one, they all sound perfectly fine.\n\n> I would like to know whether examples 2(a), 2(b), 3(a), 3(b) are valid and\n> natural and if we can interpret them the following way: 2(a) and 2(b)\n> implies that from a young age the speaker wanted to go to Paris, however we\n> don't know whether he did or not go to Paris at this point; however 3(a) and\n> 3(b) implies that from a young age the speaker wants to go to Paris, and\n> still has that dream, since he has yet to make it come true.\n\nYes. This is correct. In 1/2(a/b), it might also mean \"I wanted to, but\nthere's no hope anymore\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T21:36:49.263", "id": "84546", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T21:36:49.263", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84490", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "### The grammar\n\nThe ...たり form is essentially the past-tense ～た ending (or ～だ for verbs that\ninclude voicing, like 悩【なや】む), plus ～り.\n\nIn your sample text, we have 悩【なや】んだり, formed just as above: 悩【なや】む has a past\ntense of 悩【なや】んだ, and the ...だり form is just that past tense + り = 悩【なや】んだり.\n\n### The meaning\n\nThe ...たり ending signifies that the action of the verb is taking place, _as\nwell as_ other actions. It is a kind of non-exhaustive listing. Basically, it\namounts to \"doing XYZ, **among other things** \".\n\nNotably, the non-exhaustive listing can have only one item in the list, as\nindeed we see in your sample text.\n\n### The text\n\nThe 悩【なや】んだり here appears as part of the compound verb 思【おも】い悩【なや】む (\"to think\nabout worryingly: to worry about, to fret about\"). Let's analyze that last\nclause.\n\n> 何【なに】も思【おも】い悩【なや】んだりせずにすむ\n\nBreaking it down piece by piece:\n\nJA | EN \n---|--- \n何も | \"anything, anything at all\", implying a negative context \n思い悩ん **だり** | \"worrying about, **among other things** \": non-exhaustive\nlisting \nせずに | \"without doing\" \nすむ | \"conclude, finish\" \n \nPutting this back together as a slightly-more-direct translation, we might\nwind up with:\n\n * Things finished without me worrying about anything, **or doing anything like that**.\n\nA direct translation is a bit unnatural. The \"anything\" in the English already\nmakes things pretty open-ended, and the \"or doing anything like that\" on the\nend seems clunky. We could include the word \"even\" to accentuate that open-\nendedness, in a way that is functionally close to the ...たり.\n\nSo for a somewhat-more-natural translation, we might wind up with:\n\n * Things finish without me **even** worrying about anything.\n\nThis leaves it open that the speaker may have done something else unspecified,\nin a way that's a bit similar to the use of the ...たり construction in the\nJapanese.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not fully address your question.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-08T00:52:16.353", "id": "84492", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-08T02:22:49.053", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-08T02:22:49.053", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "84491", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The hidden の in proper names and/or fixed words have been asked several times\non this site, such as:\n\n * [Why did の disappear from 山手, but in 御茶ノ水 it's in katakana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2931)\n * [Seeing the invisible の in old names and words](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23428)\n\nThe reason why such a spelling tradition exists is that, formal Japanese\ndocuments had been written for a long time in all kanji, imitating Chinese,\nand Chinese does not have a consistent genitive (possessive) marker. This is\npartially applicable to English too, where we can say _spider web_ without any\naffix in the middle. In Japanese, the same notion is represented by くものす (with\nmandatory の) and you can certainly insert its kanji rendering (like 之), but\nmost times they did not, as it would not result in ambiguity because the\nreaders and writers naturally know what Japanese words exist or not.\n\nThe movie's plot is seemingly set in the Sengoku period, which the genitive-\nless 蜘蛛巣城 beseems much better than the modernist 蜘蛛の巣城.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-08T03:42:35.863", "id": "84494", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T11:03:54.400", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-10T11:03:54.400", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84493", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "こえる is an interesting verb and it is often used in one of its various forms,\nsuch as こえ here, to convey what we would in English with \"across\", \"over\", or\n\"beyond\". (Note: not \"over\" as in _above_ , but as in \"over the hills and\nmountains we go\" to mean going beyond them.)\n\nSo,\n\n> 山をこえ、のを こえて、どんどん 行くと、はるかむこうに みずうみが みえました。\n\ncould be render as following in English:\n\n> Over the mountain, beyond the field, if you keep on going, far in the\n> distance, a pond was visible.\n\nAs mentioned in the comment, こえ works similar to こえて when linking a series of\nverbs as we would in English using \"and\". You see it a lot in literature.\n\nNote also the て-form of verb can have an instrumental nuance, \"by doing...\".\nThat instrumental meaning does not come through with just the [連用形]{れんようけい}.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-08T16:24:46.997", "id": "84498", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-08T16:24:46.997", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84495", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Note that there is no る after 助け. 助ける is a verb (\"to help\", \"to support\"), but\n助け without る **is a noun** (\"a help\", \"an aid\", \"a support\"). It's an example\nof [masu-stem as a noun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32311/5010).\n学習の助け is a noun phrase made by joining two nouns using の (\"a learning\naid/support\"). That's why you can attach をする to it.\n\nYou can rephrase this to 学習 **を** 助け **る** おもちゃ. Now 助ける is used as a\ntransitive verb, and there is を instead of の. Your second link has an\nexplanation. See also: [Jlpt/n5q5: 弟は部屋◯掃除をしました。◯: の versus に\noption](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26120/5010)", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-09T02:50:25.790", "id": "84509", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T02:50:25.790", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84497", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "I must first point that Japanese text in the article you cited has a few not\nfully natural places, including the very phrase 学習の助けをするおもちゃ you asked. I\ndon't know if it is because the writer tries to reduce grammar level or due to\ntheir fluency.\n\n学習の助け is a common expression to mean \"learning aid\" or \"aid to learning\", and\n[助け](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%8A%A9%E3%81%91/) is a noun \"aid,\nassist, helping hand\" as you said. If you want to literally translate _toys to\nhelp you learn_ , you have several options:\n\n * 学習を助けるおもちゃ \"toys that (will) help learning\"\n * 学習を助けるためのおもちゃ \"toys for helping learning\"\n * 学習の助けとなるおもちゃ \"toys to be aids to learning\"\n * 学習の助けのためのおもちゃ \"toys (made) for aids to learning\"\n\nHowever, the collocation 学習の助け **をする** おもちゃ (which would be \"toys work as aids\nto learning\") is extremely rare*, especially for inanimate objects which are\nnot self-aware to do something. 助け can certainly connect to ～をする much more\noften as a base of compounds: 手助けをする, 人助けをする..., but I'd rather recommend\nremembering **～の助けとなる** as a set phrase for your meaning.\n\n* * *\n\n* FYI I only got [90 hits on Google.co.jp](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%81%AE%E5%8A%A9%E3%81%91%E3%82%92%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%22&start=80).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T07:54:30.050", "id": "84528", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T11:57:56.917", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-10T11:57:56.917", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "84497", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "オトナー is a play on 大人{おとな}, a noun literally meaning \"adult\", or \"grown-up\". It\nis used as an adjective as well to mean \"mature\", \"for adults\", \"like an\nadult\", \"give off an adultish vibe\".\n\n「大人な下着」is underwear, especially women's underwear, that is suggestive,\npossibly see-through or laced. I have also heard women describe black and red\nunderwear as 大人っぽい.\n\nIf you describe someone as 「大人っぽい」, especially if said of a teen, the image\nconjured up is professional, office-lady-like. In your quoted line, the person\nrumored to give off a vibe that's オトナーな感じ is not a teen, but the idea is the\nsame: a working professional, hence 「派手な女性」\n\nPlease also see @naruto's explanation of the different nuances of 「大人の」 and\n「大人な」:\n\n> Perhaps it's worth mentioning the nuance between 大人の and 大人な. The former is\n> neutral and standard, whereas the latter is slangy and has stronger emphasis\n> on matureness (often sexiness as well). 大人の下着 neutrally refers to underwear\n> for adults, but 大人な下着 tends to refer to suggestive ones. 大人の女性 is neutrally\n> 'adult woman', whereas 大人な女性 is a woman with a typically \"adult\" atmosphere.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-09T00:34:12.563", "id": "84502", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T02:04:54.360", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-09T02:04:54.360", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84500", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "I think the Q&A @user3856370 has pointed you to should sufficiently answer\nyour question. I'd like to say a few words about how I personally understand\nthat sentence. Here goes nothing:\n\nVery often you see Japanese verbs used unaccompanied by a subject or an\nobject, or both. See [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/84453/30454) for a more detailed\nexplanation on this.\n\n> どんな本が買いたいと思いますか？\n\nYour proposed version dispenses with the あったら conditional and has the patient\nof the verb どんな本 as the subject of the sentence. It is thus a single-clause\nsentence with どんな本 as its subject. Let's look at the original sentence:\n\n> どんな本があったら買いたいと思いますか？\n\nYou are right that あったら often marks a clause. In the original sentence,\nalthough there is no 読点 (comma), 「どんな本があったら」is 主節の述語を修飾する副詞節 (an adverbial\nclause that modifies the predicate of the main clause), because it describes a\ncondition that, when met, leads to the next step (thinking about buying them).\n\nIf we put back in the sentence things that are omitted:\n\n> どんな本があったら、 **それを/が** 買いたいと思いますか？\n\n> What kinds of books, if the store has them, would you like to buy?\n\nSince either が and を can be used here, it doesn't really matter if you regard\nthe pronoun それ, a placeholder for どんな本, as a syntactic subject or object.\nSemantically of course, it is the object/patient of the verb 買う.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-09T01:21:12.640", "id": "84503", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T15:52:07.683", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-09T15:52:07.683", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84501", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "ところ has a lot of abstract meanings, and this ところ refers to \"scene\" or\n\"situation\".\n\n * 彼が怒っているところを見た。 \nI saw him get mad.\n\n * お休みのところ申し訳ありません。 \nI'm sorry to bother you on your day off.\n\nYour translation attempt is correct, but note that 2年前とは別人だってところ refers to\nsome _visible scene_ that will take place and proves he has changed. Maybe you\ncould translate it as \"I'll show you the evidence ～\" or \"I'll show you how I\nhave changed ～\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-09T02:18:01.057", "id": "84506", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T02:18:01.057", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84504", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You have partly answered your own question. Historically, Japanese has tended\nnot to use an inanimate thing as a subject as if it had its own will. It's\nusually preferred to rephrase the sentence using a human as the subject. In\nyour examples, you can say:\n\n> * この本を読むと考えさせられる。 \n> (Literally, \"When I read this book, I am made to think.\" Notice the\n> causative-passive form. この本を読むと考えたくなる means \"This books make me feel like\n> thinking deeply\", and this may be fine if the book is a certain type of\n> self-help book.)\n> * 学校に行くと楽しくなる。 \n> (Lit. \"When I go to school, I become happy.\")\n>\n\nThe following sentences are not wrong but tend to sound less natural in\nJapanese:\n\n> * この本は私に考えさせる。 \n> (Lit. \"This book makes me think.\")\n> * 学校に行くことは私を楽しくさせる。 \n> (Lit. \"Going to school makes me happy.\")\n>\n\nSee this question for similar examples: [In Japanese, can we say an object\nasks a question?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32436/5010)\n\nThis is also related: [Does 考えさせられる小説 make\nsense?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61710/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-09T02:25:14.903", "id": "84507", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T05:45:19.780", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-09T05:45:19.780", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84505", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "話すことが欲しくない is simply ungrammatical. It makes no sense. In English, you use the\nsame verb, _want_ , to say both \"I want [something]\" and \"I want to [do some\naction]\". In Japanese, you have to use completely different constructions for\nthese meanings, simply because they are different in meaning. You have to say\n～が欲しい for \"I want [something]\", and ～(し)たい for \"I want to [do something]\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-09T04:01:16.670", "id": "84511", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T04:01:16.670", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84508", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "ほしい～ when used to modify an action (verb) indicates that that action is done\nby parties other than the speaker. For example, 「話してほしい」means [I] want [you]\nto talk [to me about x]. Used in this sense, ほしい cannot be used to modify\nactions done by the speaker himself. You cannot say 「話すことがほしくない」if you mean to\nsay \"I don't want to talk\" because you are the person doing the talking.\n\nNote that this use of ほしい only applies when it is used to modify actions. You\ncan say 「りんごがほしい」\"I want an apple\" and it would make perfect sense.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-09T11:48:45.333", "id": "84517", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T11:48:45.333", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42173", "parent_id": "84508", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "* 私がいつも買い物するスーパーは野菜が安いです。\n * 私がいつも買い物しているスーパーは野菜が安いです。\n * 私がいつも買い物に行くスーパーは野菜が安いです。\n * 私がいつも買い物に行っているスーパーは野菜が安いです。\n\nThese are all natural, and there is almost no difference in meaning. ている and\nに行く are both optional. Japanese speakers use this type of に行く a lot, and it\nwon't make this sentence unnatural or wordy. See also: [Habitual\naspect](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11925/5010)\n\nいつも買うスーパーは野菜が安い is also perfectly valid, and rest assured that no one would\nthink you are buying supermarkets themselves (unless you are speaking as an\ninvestor who is constantly acquiring companies). See [this\ndiscussion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/54677/5010).\n\n**EDIT:** Of course you can simply say いつも行くスーパー or いつも行っているスーパー, too. The\nreason for going to a supermarket is normally self-evident.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-09T05:37:41.500", "id": "84514", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T11:35:16.443", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-09T11:35:16.443", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84512", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "> The (type-1) 謙譲語 for 願う is お願いする, which looks like a サ変動詞. Given that the\n> potential form of サ変動詞 is constructed by replacing する with できる, is it\n> correct to say that お願いできる is the potential form of お願いする?\n\nYes, this is correct.\n\n> In general, if I want to politely say that I can do something, or to\n> politely ask whether I can/may do something, can I use the construction\n> お/ご＋マス形＋できる? For example, if I want to ask about something I that I don’t\n> understand, can I say\n\n> > わからないことがあるんですが、お聞きできないでしょうか。\n\nFor some reason, this phrase sounds like \"Can I ask **them** a question?\" and\nnot \"Can I ask **you** a question?\" (or it might be understood as \"Can **you**\nplease ask **them** a question?\"). This being said, yes, this phrase is\ncorrect and depending on the context, it might be understood correctly.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T20:39:51.633", "id": "84544", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T20:39:51.633", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84515", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I believe the「で」used in this sentence marks the location. More precisely, it\nmarks the source of information. So, you can interpret「4日に出した予想 **で** は、...」as\n\n> **In** the weather forecast announced on March 4, ...\n\nThe rest of the sentence can be translated as\n\n> In the weather forecast announced on March 4, the earliest time for sakura\n> to bloom this month is on March 13 in Fukuoka and Koichi.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T02:21:17.097", "id": "84522", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T02:21:17.097", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41067", "parent_id": "84518", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "では in this sentence is a collocation of the ren'youkei of だ (which is で) + は,\nwhich expresses that something is the premise of a declaration/judgment [1].\n\nSo Xでは here means \"according to X\" or \"based on X\", i.e.\n\n> 4日に出した予想では、今年一番早く咲くのは福岡市と高知市で、今月13日です。 \n> According to the prediction given on the 4th, the earliest they will bloom\n> this year is in the cities of Fukuoka and Kochi, on the 13th of this month.\n\nAnother example:\n\n> 天気予報では明日は晴れるそうです。 \n> According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow.\n\nYou can also substitute だと for では in either of these sentences; the meaning is\nthe same.\n\n> 天気予報だと明日は晴れるそうです。 \n> According to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow.\n\n[1] [デジタル大辞泉\n(dictionary.goo.ne.jp)](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF/#jn-152205)\n\n> **で‐は** \n> ［連語］ \n> ➊《断定の助動詞「だ」の連用形＋係助詞「は」》判断の前提を表す。…であるとすれば。…だと。「雨では中止になる」「彼ではだれも承知しないだろう」", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T04:38:23.887", "id": "84524", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T04:38:23.887", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14544", "parent_id": "84518", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "No, this で is associated with the verb 使い分ける. ～で使い分ける means \"to use (things\ndifferently) _by_ ～\" or \"to use (different things) _according to_ ～\". This で\nbefore 使い分ける is interchangeable with によって.\n\n * 自動車を目的で使い分ける \nto use different cars according to the purpose\n\n * 気分で香水を使い分ける \nto use different perfumes depending on your mood\n\n * 彼は、先生と話すときと友達と話すときで、ことばや話し方をうまく使い分けている。 \nHe uses different words and ways of speaking properly depending on whether he\nis talking to his teachers or his friends.\n\nSimilar で is found in 日付で並び替える \"to sort by date\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-09T14:37:22.603", "id": "84520", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-09T14:53:47.257", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-09T14:53:47.257", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84519", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "* 命中する is always intransitive, and ～を命中する is ungrammatical. \n\n> * デトネータが敵に命中する (intransitive) → (プレイヤーが)デトネータを敵に命中させる (causative)\n\n * 発動する works both transitively and intransitively. This means コンボを発動する and コンボを発動させる are interchangeable. (But コンボに発動する makes no sense.) \n\n> * コンボが発動する (intransitive) → コンボを発動させる (causative)\n> * コンボを発動する (transitive)\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Differences Between 蘇生する and 蘇る](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34049/5010)\n * [Causative Form - Difference between 子供に本を読ませる and 子供を本を読ませる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33510/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T05:03:34.493", "id": "84525", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T05:03:34.493", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84523", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "けぇっちまえーっ means 帰{かえ}っちまえ. けえる is a working-class accent of かえる in Tokyo. It is\n東京下町ことば. A sound of \"ai\" changes to that of \"ee\" in that accent in some words\nsuch as ちげーねー(違いない), でぇーこん(だいこん).\n[http://www.muse.dti.ne.jp/~squat/tokyoben.htm](http://www.muse.dti.ne.jp/%7Esquat/tokyoben.htm)\n\n「～ ちまえ」is a rough way of saying 「～ てしまえ」. So けぇっちまえーっ is something like \"Just\nget out!\".", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T10:15:08.640", "id": "84530", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-11T04:05:42.183", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-11T04:05:42.183", "last_editor_user_id": "7320", "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "84527", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes. That's exactly what it means.\n\nより can have several uses depending on context, including \"from\", \"rather\",\n\"since\", \"than\", etc. You'll learn to distinguish between these uses given\ntime and reading practice.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T10:49:54.917", "id": "84531", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T10:49:54.917", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42173", "parent_id": "84529", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "* I did a survey on Goo <https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84/example/>\n * What's alive in me right now is that Target ni Substance o 注射する seems to be the only one", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T15:53:45.177", "id": "84534", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T15:53:45.177", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42187", "parent_id": "84532", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "Hmm... (2) and (3) are not grammatical indeed. I guess we can at least match\nthe word order in Japanese and English sentences in similar nuance, though.\n\n(1) 人に薬を注射する (inject 人 with 薬)\n\n(2) 薬を人に注射する (inject 薬 into 人)\n\nIf you always were to translate \"with\" as \"で\", it won't work. You can also\ncreate similar sentences in Japanese if you ignore that condition.\n\nAs for (3), I couldn't understand what you meant. Can you show me\n**incorrect** English sentences for (3)?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-12T15:19:50.437", "id": "84571", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-12T15:19:50.437", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "84532", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "注射する works just like あげる (\"to give\"), わたす (\"to pass\"), 見せる (\"to show\") and so\non. It almost never takes a person as a direct object in Japanese.\n\n * 彼に見せる to show [something] to him\n * 彼を見せる to show him (his picture, etc.) [to someone]\n * 彼女に注射する to inject [something] to her\n * ?彼女を注射する to inject her [into someone] \n(This is almost always nonsense, but acceptable when \"her\" refers to [Ms. Red\nBlood Cell](https://cellsatwork.fandom.com/wiki/AE3803).)\n\nWhen で is present, it marks an injecting device (e.g., プラスチックのシリンジで注射する) or a\nmethod (e.g., ボーラスで注射する).\n\nThe usages and the transitivity of a verb is not always preserved across\nlanguages. See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/72206/5010) for\nmore examples.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-12T21:33:50.797", "id": "84574", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-12T22:24:41.993", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-12T22:24:41.993", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84532", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "As you mentioned, ネタ is the\n倒語/[anadrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadrome) (reverse-ordered word)\nof 種{たね}/seed. It is usually used to refer to the source of a joke, comedy\nsketch, or an impersonation. しんネタ is 新ネタ, new ネタ.\n\nI believe it is pretty common in the context of 漫才 where people talk about how\na joke makes fun of a celebrity or a well-known event. You linked a meme in\nyour question and in memes the idea is the same: the source or material for a\njoke.\n\nどらにゃんこ is a play on\n[どら焼き](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%A9%E3%82%89%E7%84%BC%E3%81%8D).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T17:30:48.160", "id": "84540", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T17:37:15.287", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-10T17:37:15.287", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84535", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "毎日 is never used with に. The same thing applies to\n毎週、毎月、毎年、明日、昨日、今朝、今晩、今日、今、さっき、先週、来週、今週 etc.\n\nIn contrast, weekdays are with に (月曜日に、火曜日に etc.), and also when talking about\ntime （５時に、３時半に etc.）.\n\nI guess に is optional for 午前中 and 午後. I'd personally use 午前中 with に and 午後\nwithout.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T20:24:33.160", "id": "84543", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T20:24:33.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84536", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "What @A.Ellett says is right and probably the easiest solution, i.e.\n\n> 食べ物を食べるのはいいと思います。\n\nis perfectly fine. However, maybe it's important to keep in mind that this\nphrase sounds like there are other things which are forbidden, like \"it's\nforbidden to take a photo, talk on the phone, but it's ok to eat food\", which\nis caused by the particle \"は\". If you want to make a neutral phrase, it might\nbe better to say:\n\n> 食べ物を食べてもいいと思います。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T20:07:19.470", "id": "84541", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T20:07:19.470", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84537", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "The issue of choosing between のは and は has little to nothing to do with と思います.\n\nThe grammar of these constructs is as follows:\n\n * < _sentence_ > と思います\n * < _noun phrase_ > は\n\nIn your first two examples:\n\n> あまり便利じゃないと思います\n\nThe _sentence_ is あまり便利じゃない: \"it is not very useful\".\n\n> いいと思います\n\nThe _sentence_ is いい: \"It is good\".\n\nNotice that even in English with \"I think it's ok to eat food\", the \"to eat\nfood\" is itself not a sentence. It's a noun phrase formed from an infinite of\nthe verb \"eat\". (In English we might say \"the verb to eat\" but this is\ntechnically not correct.)\n\nIf you have some sort of verbal phrase that you want to say something about,\nyou've first got to nominalize it. Most frequently you will choose one of\neither こと or の. Once the verbal phrase is nomialized you can put it in a\nsentence and refer to it like you would just about any other noun.\n\n> 食べ物を食べる\n\nThis means, \"Someone eats food\".\n\n> 食べ物を食べるの\n\nThis means, \"To eat food\" (an infinitive phrase in English) or \"Eating food\"\n(a gerund construction in English). Now we can say something about \"eating\nfood\".\n\n> 食べ物を食べるのはいい\n\nIt's good/OK to eat food.\n\nAnd now you can tack on と思います to get the idea in there that this is what you\nthink.\n\n> 食べ物を食べるのはいいと思います", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T20:14:03.880", "id": "84542", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T20:14:03.880", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84537", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "In the examples that you gave:\n\n> 逃げる気ですね、優希ちゃん\n\nand\n\n> 何になる気だ\n\n気 here has a sense of _inclination_ or _feeling_. So, in the first example, it\ncould be more literally translated as\n\n> You're feeling like running away, right.\n\nThe last example you could translate as\n\n> What do you want to become?\n\n_want_ is a bit strong. 気 has a much more vague meaning. If you said something\nlike\n\n> する気になった\n\nYou might say that in English as \"I got it into my head to do...\"\n\nGenerally, 気 has a very broad range of meanings.\n\nI find online dictionaries rather clunky at times. If you know what you're\nlooking for, they work. But if you want to get a better feel for the nuance of\nthings, they're just not very well organized for that purpose.\n\nI would suggest digging out an old paper [和英辞典]{わえいじてん} and looking at the\nexamples listed. Even though my Obunsha dictionary is over 30 years old, it's\nstill pretty good for perusing and getting a feel for the variety and shades\nof meanings for more idiomatic words, particularly words like 気.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-10T17:19:58.267", "id": "84539", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-10T17:19:58.267", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84538", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "This phenomenon is called\n[[対流]{たいりゅう}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BE%E6%B5%81) (convection),\nwhich is a technical term but understood by most adults. ジャンピング is a little-\nknown alternative name used by black tea fans. The loanword is used simply\nbecause this is important only in the context of black tea. Japanese teas are\ntraditionally steeped at a much lower temperature range (60-90 °C), and the\nmovement of tea leaves has not been considered important.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-11T10:20:48.477", "id": "84550", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-12T18:55:57.587", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-12T18:55:57.587", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84547", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]

[ { "body": "もん is a casual way of saying もの(者、物). This もん is 者. うちのもん means \"a person who\nbelongs to the speaker's own family\" or \"a person who is close to the\nspeaker\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-11T03:45:59.613", "id": "84549", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-11T04:17:04.037", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-11T04:17:04.037", "last_editor_user_id": "7320", "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "84548", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Correct one: 歩く矛盾 (Verb in 連体形 + noun. No idea what 連体形 is called in English)\n\n\"歩くの矛盾\" could colloquially mean \"the fact that you walk is a contradiction\",\nbut in this case you should preferably say \"歩くのが矛盾\" or \"歩くのは矛盾\", i.e. with は\nor が, and as always they have slightly different meanings, but I'm gonna skip\nthe explanation since it's outside the focus of your question.\n\nIf you keep saying \"歩き矛盾\", you might at some point succeed in making Japanese\npeople believe that such an expression exists, because there's in principle\nnothing wrong about it. But in the current state it's difficult to make them\nunderstand what you exactly want to say.\n\nAnd finally, あなたは歩く矛盾だよ is not only a great translation, but also sounds so\nperfectly natural that it's hard to believe that it was originally created by\na Japanese-learner.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-11T17:46:14.160", "id": "84553", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-11T17:46:14.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84551", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "First, I do not think it is a good idea to use the sentences you make yourself\nto familiarize yourself with how a word is used. The entire point of having\nexample sentences is so that you can understand how certain words are used.\nEven if you were to translate English phrases into Japanese, doing by directly\ntranslating the words like this does not lead to a natural result. IMO, you\nshould be using native sentences anyways because those are the people who have\nthe most natural grasp on the language.\n\nFollowing this line of thought, you cannot just \"create compound nouns\" in\nJapanese, just like how you cannot just combine two words in English and\nexpect them to make sense. Nouns like 持ち主 appear in the dictionary, and are\nnot just made up on the spot. Words like 歩き方 and 喋り方 work because 方 is a\nsuffix used with the 連用形 / -masu stem.\n\nEspecially for idioms like \"walking contradiction\" you should not expect a\ndirect translation to Japanese to make any sense. Even thinking about the\nother way around, you shouldn't expect Japanese idioms to directly translate\nto English either. For example translating 足元をみる (to take advantage of\nsomeone) makes no sense translated into \"looking at someone's steps/feet\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-11T20:26:44.480", "id": "84556", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-11T20:26:44.480", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "84551", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Semantically there's no difference between with and without どうか in your\nphrase. As @Eddie Kal correctly points out in the comment, どうか just makes it\nmore polite.\n\nExamples:\n\n * どうか助けてください。\n * どうか行かないでください。\n\nDo not mix it up with どうかする, which means something like \"to become crazy\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-11T17:59:30.943", "id": "84555", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-11T18:38:18.550", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-11T18:38:18.550", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84552", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "A quick google search reveals that ツヤ肌 is another common spelling for the word\nthat you're looking for. Furthermore, on youtube you can find videos of\nyoutubers enunciating the word as ツヤハダ (see for example:\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12BUWKAlYSk>).\n\nAs for the broader question of guessing the reading of a neologism, I guess\nthere are not set rules.\n\nA lot of neologisms in Japanese are formed by contracting two preexisting\nwords (ex: 学割 <- 学生割引). In that case one can look at the readings of the\noriginal words to recover the reading.\n\nBut when this not the case, a good rule of thumb could be to simply look at\nthe most common readings of the kanjis. I'm not a native speaker but it seems\nto me that 艶 occurs more frequently as an isolated character, and hence is\nmore frequently read as ツヤ. In jisho.org, in almost all the compound words I\ncould find containing 肌, the kunyomi ハダ is used, making ツヤハダ the most probable\nreading.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-11T21:37:39.027", "id": "84560", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-11T21:37:39.027", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41178", "parent_id": "84558", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "Just to complete the answer from grove.\n[艶肌](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A4%E3%82%84%E8%82%8C-187583) is actually\nreferenced by dictionaries as つやはだ.\n\n> つやはだ （知恵蔵の解説）\n> うるおい感、パール感、素肌感など様々な質感で演出するつややかな肌をいう。パール感のあるベースで明るくソフトなつや感を演出した肌のこと。かさつきがなく、しっとりとしたベースでうるおいのあるつや感を演出するつや肌、素肌のような薄づき感でつややかさを演出するつや肌などつや肌といっても微妙な質感が存在しており、生き生きとしたイメージ、上品なイメージ、健康感のあるイメージなど様々である。また、つや肌は顔全体の立体感までも演出する。つやのない肌はメリハリがなく、のっぺりした印象に見えがちである。\n> これらのイメージや質感を実現するものがベースメーキャップ類の化粧品である。様々な種類の化粧下地、ファンデーション、白粉などの化粧品とメーキャップテクニックによって実現される。\n> (高須恵美子 資生堂ビューティーソリューション開発センター長 ／ 2008年)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-11T21:41:00.987", "id": "84561", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-11T21:41:00.987", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4216", "parent_id": "84558", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "> I know that てくる, when a physical movement is involved, means that the action\n> marked by て verb is directed toward the speaker/person who said the sentence\n\nThis is correct, so in the explanation below, I omit てくる part (which you can\nadd as you like)\n\n買っていた usually means \"I was buying\", but in this example it means, \"I'm in the\nstate of having already bought\". The phrase must have been like this:\n\n * ワインをネットで注文したけど、夫が既に買っていた (= I ordered wine in the internet, but my husband had already bought some).\n\nIn this example, it sounds unnatural to say 買った, because it sounds like the\ntwo actions took place at the same time.\n\nA few examples:\n\n * 「ただいま〜」「あ、ごめん、もう夕飯食べてた」(= \"I'm back home\" \"oh sorry, we already started having dinner\")\n * 時間通りに着いたけど、授業はもう始まっていた (= I arrived in time, but the lecture had already started)\n\nIn the first example above, it's possible to say 食べた, which indicates the\ndinner is already over (while with 食べてた they might be still eating or they\nmight have already finished). In the second case it's not possible to say 始まった", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-12T08:32:16.337", "id": "84570", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-12T08:32:16.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84559", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "1. Yes, じゃ here means では. So 最近（では・じゃ） would mean, \"as of recent times.\"\n 2. ながら can show simultaneity as well as contradiction. For example:\n\n> ゆっくりながら（も）、完成に近づいています。 \n> Although slowly, I’m approaching completion.\n\n * So in your sentence, 恋人の存在を公言しながら would mean something along the lines of \"while/although they have announced being in a relationship...\"\n\n * The も here means \"also\". It refers to the（恋人の存在を公言しながら活動している）女優 who are \"working actresses that have announced that they are in a relationship\". This might be in contrast to actresses who announced being in a relationship, and stopped working as one. It might also be in contrast to actresses who are unable to be in a relationship because of their job.\n\nPutting it all together:\n\n> 最近じゃ恋人の存在を公言しながら活動している女優さんも沢山いるし。 \n> Plus, there are plenty of actresses nowadays that continue to work in the\n> industry despite announcing that they're in a relationship.\n\nAlso, is this 押しの子? I feel like I've seen this somewhere.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-11T23:36:46.617", "id": "84563", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-11T23:36:46.617", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "84562", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The following three options are all correct:\n\n * 通すなら: Future tense/no notion of time\n * 通してなら: Present tense\n * 通したなら: Past tense\n\nBefore you start reading the rest of my comment, I should say: There's\n**hardly** any difference between these phrases and they can be used almost\ninterchangeably.\n\nWith the first one it sounds a bit like the person can talk to their sister\neven before starting to play mahjong. The difference between the second and\nthe third is: \"If I do this, then it should happen\" and \"If I have done this,\nthen it should happen\". In all 3 cases, it's possible that the person has\nnever played mahjong with their sister yet.\n\nMaybe I'm gonna give you a different example here:\n\n 1. 手紙を書くなら\n 2. 手紙を書いてなら\n 3. 手紙を書いたなら\n\nIn 1., I'd expect something like \"ペンを貸すよ (= I can give you a pen)\" or \"電気をつけるよ\n(= I'm gonna turn on the light)\", i.e. something that should be done\n**bofore** the person starts writing the letter (mostly, but not 100%\nnecessarily).\n\nI'd say 2. and 3. are virtually the same, but it's possible that in 3. the\nletter has already been written.\n\nIn rare cases, where there's absolutely no notion of time (like physical\nprinciples), it's possible that only the dictionary form can be used and it's\nmeant to be the present tense. For example:\n\"特殊相対性理論上、光速の半分のスピードで飛ぶ粒子の重さが二倍になるなら (= If, according to the theory of special\nrelativity, the mass of a particle flying at half the speed of light increases\ntwofold, ...)\".", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-12T08:10:34.473", "id": "84569", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-12T08:10:34.473", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84564", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "> 麻雀 **を通して** ならお姉ちゃんと話せる気がする。\n\n「～を[通]{とお}して」 means \"through~~\" or \"via~~\".\n\nYou use it this way:\n\n> インターネット **を通して** 情報を得る \n> get information **through** the Internet \n> 通訳 **を通して** 話す \n> speak **through** an interpreter\n\nSo\n\n> 麻雀 **を通して** お姉ちゃんと話す \n> talk to my sister **through/via** Mahjong\n\nなら adds the meaning of \"if\" to the adverbial phrase 「麻雀を通して」:\n\n> 麻雀を **通してなら** お姉ちゃんと話せる気がする。 \n> _lit._ \"I feel like I can talk to my sister **if (I do so) through/via**\n> Mahjong.\"\n\n(Btw, you can not rephrase it as 麻雀を通すならお姉ちゃんと話せる or 麻雀を通したならお姉ちゃんと話せる.)\n\n* * *\n\nなら can attach to verb forms other than the dictionary form and the た form. It\ncan follow adverbial phrases, so it can also attach to particles like から, で,\nを, ながら, etc. eg:\n\n> 帰って **から** 電話する make a phone call after getting home \n> → 帰って **からなら** 電話できる can make a phone call if (it's) after getting home\n>\n> 音楽を聴き **ながら** 待つ wait while listening to music \n> → 音楽を聴き **ながらなら** 待てる can wait if (I do so) while listening to music\n>\n> 座っ **て** する do it while seated \n> → 座っ **てなら** できる can do it if (I do it) while seated", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-13T16:35:40.830", "id": "84586", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-14T01:40:09.377", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-14T01:40:09.377", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "84564", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "Let us start with the meaning of the verb 通す here, and work our way up to the\nwhole sentence. We will touch on a few incidental points of interest along the\nway.\n\n## The meaning of 「通す」\n\n\"Stick with [something] (until the end/all the way)\" is indeed one of the\nmeanings of 通す, but in this context it means \"go through [something]\", or to\nbe more specific, something along the lines of \"use the mediacy or mediation\nof something/someone\" or \"use something/someone as a medium or intermediary\".\nThe most relevant definition on\n[goo辞書](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%80%9A%E3%81%99/#jn-157292):\n\n> ㋒人を仲立ちとして、また、物を隔ててそのことをする。「先生を―・して頼む」「レンズを―・して見る」\n\nThus 「麻雀を通す」 may translate to \"use mahjong as a medium\".\n\n## Why is the verb in て-form?\n\nIn your question, 通す is in the non-finite te-form 通して. The te-form has a wide\narray of uses, one of which is to indicate that the action expressed by the\nverb is a means for doing some other action. This can be represented in\nEnglish by \"by Verb-ing\" or by turning the verb into the participial form\n(i.e. \"v-ing\"), which is also a type of non-finite form.\n\nSo \"(by) using mahjong as a medium\" is an apt translation for 「麻雀を通して」.\n\n## A syntactic analysis of 「を通して」\n\nYou can think of \"を通して\" in your question as, rather than expressing a distinct\naction, acting more like a case particle that serves to [indicate that (the\nreferent of) the preceding noun is a means or\nmedium](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/17143/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%92%E9%80%9A%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6/)\nthrough which the event or action expressed by the following verb phrase or\nclause is achieved. In cases like this, it might be better to translate it as\n\"through\", \"by the medium of\", \"by means of\" and the like.\n\nThis is in the same vein as the likes of \"に対して\" (\"toward\" or \"against\"),\n\"について\" (\"about\"), \"をもって\" (\"with\") and \"によって\" (\"by\" or \"depending on\"), all of\nwhich are originally comprised of a particle and a verb in te-form but have\ngone through a conversion into compound particles.\n\n## 「なら」: The grammar\n\nIf it were 「麻雀を通すなら」 or 「麻雀を通したなら」, the 「なら」 would be a 接続助詞 (\"conjunctive\nparticle\") like 「ので」, 「から」 and 「 けど」 etc., but the 「なら」 in 「通してなら」 can be\nconsidered a 副助詞 (What's the English term for this one?), which puts it in the\nsame class of particle as しか, こそ, でも, etc., and as such, it can attach to\nvarious kinds of part of speech. For example:\n\n * 「彼女ならできる」(attaching to a noun)\n\n * 「田中さんになら話してもよい」(attaching to a particle)\n\n * 「ゆっくり(と)なら進むことができる」(attaching to an adverb)\n\n## 「なら」: The meaning\n\nTo investigate what the なら does in terms of meaning, let us first look at the\nなら-less version of the sentence, 「麻雀を通してお姉ちゃんと話せる気がする」, because it is already\na grammatical sentence without it.\n\nAs you probably understand now, it may translate to something like this:\n\n> \"I have a feeling that I am/will be able to speak with my sister through\n> mahjong.\"\n\n(I used \"through mahjong\" for 「麻雀を通して」 here but I think \"(by) using mahjong as\na medium\" is fine too.)\n\nBy attaching 「なら」 to 「麻雀を通して」, you are adding some import with respect to\nmahjong as a means of communication.\n\nSo what is it?\n\nThe more obvious answer is that the 「なら」 indicates that \"through mahjong\" is\nthe condition for the speaker's being able to speak with her sister. This is a\npossible interpretation. Indeed, in 「ゆっくりとなら進むことができる」, for example, \"slowly\"\nis a condition for being able to proceed.\n\nThe less obvious, but more accurate answer here, I think, is that it ascribes\na degree of specialness or exceptionality. Let me use the example sentences in\nthe previous section to illustrate this.\n\n> 彼女ならできる。\n\nThis means \"She can do it,\" but with an implication that she is somewhat\nspecial or exceptional in being able to do it.\n\n> 田中さんになら話してもいい。\n\nThis means \"You may talk to Tanaka-san,\" but with an implication that 田中さん is\nsomething of an exception.\n\n(Compare this use of 「なら」 with the 副助詞「だけ」, which (among other functions)\nindicates a sole exception.)\n\n## A general look at the sentence\n\nGiven all this, we should now understand that 「麻雀を通してなら」 in\n「麻雀を通してならお姉ちゃんと話せる気がする」 carries the information that using mahjong is a\nspecial or exceptional (in the sense that there are only a few other ways, if\nat all) means of achieving a conversation with her sister.\n\nNow, I would provide a translation for the whole sentence by way of a closure,\nbut I am having a hard time fashioning one that fully and neatly incorporates\nthe implication of 「なら」. Perhaps fronting _through mahjong_ helps a little?\n\n> \"I have a feeling that, through mahjong, I am/will be able to speak with my\n> sister.\"\n\nWell, anyway, this concludes my overlong answer.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-13T20:56:09.047", "id": "84589", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-16T01:41:28.933", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-16T01:41:28.933", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "11575", "parent_id": "84564", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "This doesn't mean ~という言葉.\n\n強めて is acting adverbially. It's expressing the idea of \"strengthening ...\"\n\nSimilarly with からかって, it expresses the idea of \"teasing\" or \"in jest\".\n\nI'm finding it hard to render this in English in a manner that bears some\nresemblance to the grammar of the Japanese.\n\n> Words that express a strong sense of being absorbed in love, or that are\n> spoken in jest.\n\nThis might lead you to think you could shorten this to\n\n> 恋に夢中になっていることを強める言葉。また、からかう言葉\n\nBut this loses the idea of \"expression\" and results in a rather strange\ndefinition, a _definition_ that would somehow being claiming that the phrase\n惚れた腫れた itself makes one more infatuated with someone. But that doesn't make\nsense.\n\nBy adding ていう, the editor of the dictionary is saying the phrase 惚れた腫れた\nexpresses a strong sense of being caught up and lost in love.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-12T04:40:08.110", "id": "84568", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-12T04:45:43.047", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-12T04:45:43.047", "last_editor_user_id": "4875", "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84565", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "均等 is about evenness/uniformness in the mathematical/physical sense. 平等 is\nabout fairness/equality in the ethical/political sense (i.e., being free from\ndiscrimination). 等しい is a wago version that just means \"equal\", and is often\ninterchangeable with the other two. Unlike typical wago, 等しい is a stiff word\n(同じ is used in casual situations).\n\n * 正方形を{均等に/等しく}3分割する方法\n * サイコロの目は{均等な/等しい/同じ}確率で出現する\n * 人権とは人間に{平等に/等しく}与えられた権利である\n * 政治家として平等な社会を実現したい \n(BTW 均等な社会, \"uniformed society\", sounds to me like a dystopia.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-12T21:09:04.150", "id": "84573", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-12T22:28:29.603", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-12T22:28:29.603", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84572", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "If you just want to list two things you did not do in parallel, you can use\n[し](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28096/5010):\n\n> 家に帰らなかったし、TVも見なかった。 \n> I didn't return home, and I didn't watch TV, either.\n\nThe te-form doesn't work well for this purpose because it implies some\nrelationship between the two actions.\n\n家に帰らないでTVを見なかった is a rather unnatural sentence, but it would mean \"I didn't\nwatch TV without returning home.\" (or more literally, \"Not-returning-home-and-\nwatch-TV, I didn't do it.\") Effectively, this is a rather convoluted way of\nsaying \"I watched TV only after returning home\".\n\n家に帰らなくてTVを見なかった usually means \"I didn't watch TV since I didn't return home.\"\nThis is an example of te-form for reason. It's better to say\n家に帰らなかったのでTVを見なかった, though.\n\n家に帰ってTVを見なかった almost certainly means \"I didn't return home and watch TV\". A\nsentence like this treats the two actions as one set. You need only one\nnegation (ない/not), both in Japanese and in English.\n\nSome (more natural) examples:\n\n> 箸を使わないで食べなかった。 \n> 箸を使わずには食べなかった。 \n> I didn't eat it without using chopsticks. (= I never failed to use\n> chopsticks when I ate it.)\n>\n> バスが来なくて学校に行けなかった。 \n> I couldn't go to school because the bus didn't come.\n\nSee:\n\n * [ないで vs なくて: combining phrases with negative verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5925/5010)\n * [して行｛い｝かない versus しないで行｛い｝く](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30515/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-13T00:08:20.800", "id": "84576", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-13T00:14:08.067", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-13T00:14:08.067", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84575", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, this って is short for という. This で is a condition/scope marker, and this は\nis a contrast marker. ～という意味では is \"in the sense of ～\", \"if you mean ～\", or \"in\nterms of ～\". You have ignored the meaning of で in your translation.\n\n> 笑えるって意味では面白い \n> It is _omoshiroi_ in the sense of laughable (but not in the sense of\n> interesting).\n\n> 傍で支えるって意味では、一番確かだろうしね \n> As a means to support someone, it (having a steady) is the most certain\n> (way).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-13T07:14:56.217", "id": "84579", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-13T07:14:56.217", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84578", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes 炭って言ったら could be translated \"If you say charcoal\", but it could also be\ntranslated in a number of other manners depending on the context. Japanese is\nhighly context dependent. And, since Japanese bares no relation to English,\nhow things are expressed in one language might need to be reworded\nconsiderably in the other.\n\n炭って言ったら as \"if you say charcoal\" seems a very literal translation.\nGrammatically, this wording could be used to introduce the topic of 炭. This\ncould also have been done by saying 炭は which without the rest of the sentence\nis impossible to translate into English other than \"charcoal\".\n\nSo, in short, within the context of what's being said about 炭 (or what has\nalready been mentioned) the choice of how to translate it into English this\nphrase could vary considerably.\n\nConsider the following sentence:\n\n> 猫は食べた。\n\nOn the surface without any further context, this normally might be translated\nas \"The cat ate it\". But change the context slightly, and this exact same\nwording could be translated as \"I ate the cat\". Context completely determines\nwhich meaning was meant: context is necessary to disambiguate Japanese.\n(Though if you're not used to Japanese, you might be scratching your head how\nthat could be.)\n\nBut the reason I give this example is for you to play with. Put it into Google\ntranslate. It'll give you a clunky \"Cat ate\". But, it won't bother to tell\nyou, \"I could have gotten this completely wrong and it might really mean _I\nate cat_ \" (to stick with some clunkiness). In fact, when I gave it context\n(どちらを食べた？), Google definitely got it wrong. For a native speaker, if they read\n\n> A: どちらを食べた？\n>\n> B: 猫は食べた。\n\nwhich of the two opposing readings would be understood without any ambiguity.\n\nSomething similar could be going on with the phrase which you plucked out from\nits context.\n\nGoogle translate really does a horrible job with Japanese. It's better than it\nused to be, but it still has a long way to go. So, whether Google translate\ngot it right or not is hard to say. Perhaps. But without a context, nothing\nmore can be said.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-13T19:20:49.003", "id": "84588", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-13T19:33:16.860", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-13T19:33:16.860", "last_editor_user_id": "4875", "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84581", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "Contrary to the comments, the two are expressions that are opposite in\nmeaning. This makes sense, as 借りる means to borrow and 貸す means to lend. [In\nthe link](https://avacs.co.jp/kariire-dx/loan.php#_-8) @sams-studio provided,\nit explains that:\n\n> 貸付金は資産の増加と負債の減少を意味するお金です。 \n> 貸付金 is money loaned, meaning this is money that adds to your capital.\n\nThis means that 貸付金 is a loan _from the loaner's perspective_. Essentially,\nthis is money that your or your company has loaned to another party. In\ncontrast, [借入金 means](https://avacs.co.jp/kariire-dx/loan.php#_-9):\n\n> 借入金は資産の減少と負債の増加を意味するお金です。 \n> 借入金 is money borrowed that essentially means a decrease in your capital.\n\nIt is essentially a loan an outside party makes to a you. This is money that\nyou or your company has borrowed, and must return to the lender. Both words\nmean loan (money), but from the perspectives of different parties. 貸付金 from\nthe lender's perspective, and 借入金 from the borrower's perspective. To simplify\nthis explanation, [this\nsite](https://manekai.ameba.jp/cardloan/loan/#:%7E:text=%E5%80%9F%E5%85%A5%E9%87%91%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E8%B2%B8%E4%BB%98%E9%87%91,%E5%80%9F%E5%85%A5%E9%87%91%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AB%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82)\nsays:\n\n> 借入金とは、貸付金とは反対の意味を持つ言葉です。貸付金は貸したお金を意味しますが、借入金は借りるお金を意味します。 \n> 借入金 and 貸付金 are words that hold opposite meanings. 貸付金 is money lended,\n> while 借入金 means money borrowed.\n\nThe definitions of\n[貸付金](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%B2%B8%E4%BB%98%E9%87%91-462105) and\n[借入金](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%80%9F%E5%85%A5%E9%87%91-47346) on Kotobank\nessentially say the same thing.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-14T06:36:42.990", "id": "84594", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-14T06:43:03.630", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-14T06:43:03.630", "last_editor_user_id": "21657", "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "84583", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It's well explained\n[here](https://nihongonosato.com/jlpt/n2-grammar/n2-totomoni/). I don't think\nthere's a difference between the two as long as time evolution is concerned,\nmeaning in your examples, you can use both 〜につれて and 〜にしたがって. An important\ndifference is 〜にしたがって can also mean \"based on\" or \"according to\" (as defined\nin 意味② on the page above), e.g. ルールにしたがって (= following the rules). If this is\nnot what they meant with \"一方方向の変化でなくても使える\", I don't know what they wanted to\nsay.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-13T15:23:27.663", "id": "84585", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-13T15:39:52.387", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-13T15:39:52.387", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84584", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "The difference is not large, but there are cases where one sounds more natural\nthan the other.\n\n * `XにつれてY` does not strongly assume cause-effect relationships. It can be used when X and Y change almost independently over time. `Xに従ってY` is more explicit on the cause-effect relationship, and thus preferred in technical contexts.\n * `XにつれてY` is usually used with temporal changes. (Time is irreversible, so maybe this is what 一方向の変化 in your textbook is referring to?) On the other hand, `Xに従ってY` has a wider range of usage.\n\nFor example...\n\n> 夜が近づくにつれて、ますます雨が強くなってきた。 \n> As night approached, the rain became heavier and heavier.\n\nIn this sentence, つれて is more natural because there is usually no direct\ncause-effect relationship between nightfall and rainfall. But if there is an\napproaching typhoon mentioned in the context, 夜が近づくに従って would sound fine, too.\n\n> 統計によると、英語を学び始める年齢が若くなるに従って発音も正確になる。 \n> Statistics show that the younger one starts learning English, the more\n> accurate his/her pronunciation becomes.\n\nIn this sentence 従って is more natural because this is an academic-sounding\nsentence and \"starting age\" itself is not something that changes over time.\n\n> 息子は成長するにしたがって、口数が少なくなった。\n\nIn this sentence ～につれて and ～にしたがって are mostly interchangeable, but したがって\nsounds like the speaker is aware of the fact that boys tend to become more\nsilent as they grow up.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-14T03:32:54.843", "id": "84593", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-14T03:32:54.843", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84584", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "I'd say this is a case of ambiguity on the English side. Consider, you and I\nboth talked to Mary yesterday. You tell me, \"Mary wants to go to Bali\". I\nmight respond, \"Oh, that's interesting, she told me she wanted to go to\nTibet.\"\n\nIn English, because we have two ways of reporting what someone says (direct\nand indirect speech) there's ambiguity that enters in the tenses. (Japanese\ndoesn't have this distinction.) For English, depending on the context, both\n\"she said she wants to go\" and \"she said she wanted to go\" could both mean the\nsame thing. (as in the scenario above). Nevertheless, without context, the\nsecond one sounds like she may have changed her mind.\n\nBut in Japanese, if you wrote/said\n\n> メアリーさんはチベットに行きたかったといっていました\n\nthen this sounds like, \"Mary said she **had wanted** to go to Tibet.\" But\nshe's now subsequently changed her mind.\n\nSo, in Japanese, if you want to say \"Mary said she wants to go to Japan\", then\nyou would say\n\n> メアリーさんはチベットに行きたいといっていました\n\nMoral of the story, tense matters get very confused between English and\nJapanese.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-13T21:09:07.190", "id": "84591", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-13T21:09:07.190", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84590", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "The quotation is what she literally said at the time of utterance (more or\nless).\n\nIn English when quoting \"without quotes\" you shift the tense one step into the\npast i.e. you say \"She said she wanted to go.\", but what she really said was\n\"I want to go.\" in Japanese you don't do this tense shift, it's (with regards\nto tense) what she said word for word.\n\nSo in the first example she wanted to go at the time she said it,\n\nand in the second example she wanted to go sometime before she said it (And\npresumably doesn't want to go anymore.)\n\nThe only difference that I know of between Japanese indirect quotation\n(without quotes) and Japanese direct quotation (with quotes) is that you can\ndrop the polite form in indirect quotation((”行きたいと言った。” vs “ ”行きたいです”と言った”))\n\nOh, and you can also switch pronouns around (i.e. if she said something to you\nyou can change her \"あなた\"(or other pronoun) to a \"私\"(or other pronoun).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-13T21:21:15.307", "id": "84592", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-13T21:21:15.307", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42184", "parent_id": "84590", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "～なり as a grammatical construct comes from the word なる (\"to become\"). It's\noften used to join two phrases with a logical sequence to each other.\n\nIn your example, the first phrase is\n\n> 「ついつい気がそぞろになる」\n\n\"I found myself getting distracted\"\n\n→ As a result of the first phrase:\n\n> 「ラジオの放送が耳を素通りしてしまった」\n\n\"the radio broadcast went in one ear and out the other.\"\n\nAnother way this is used is to provide a non-exhaustive list of examples. For\nexample:\n\n> メールなり電話なりで、お気軽にご連絡ください。", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-14T11:06:44.683", "id": "84596", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-14T11:06:44.683", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42173", "parent_id": "84595", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "> すると、たったの要点しかが買い物に行く。\n\n * すると means \"(and) then\", and it makes no sense in this context. You have to say 行く場合でも, 行くにしても, 行くとしても, etc. (See [this](https://chiyo-sampo.net/grammar-jlptn2-toshitemo-nishitemo-nishiro-niseyo/)). Note that godan and ichidan verbs cannot be replaced by a [pro-verb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-verb), so you have to repeat 行く.\n\n * 要点 means essentials in the sense of \"key points / gist (of a document)\". You have to say 必需品 or 最低限必要なもの instead. Besides, you have marked 要点 with が, the subject marker. It's you who goes shopping, not essentials.\n\n * Your use of たったの is wrong. たった is used to describe how much smaller some quantity is than expected.\n\n * You have to review the usage of しか. It's a [negative polarity item](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16060/5010) that must be always followed by some form of negation such as ない. You don't usually have to say 買い物に many times because the purpose of going to convenience stores is self-evident.\n\n * お国 is a honorific word, so you should not use it to refer to your own home country. Also, you probably want to use も (\"also\") in the first sentence.\n\nThe corrected version is:\n\n> 私の国にもコンビニがある。でも、めったに行かない。行くとしても、必需品しか買わない。 (or 最低限必要なものを買う時にしか行かない)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-14T14:57:47.263", "id": "84598", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T05:44:24.630", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-15T05:44:24.630", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84597", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "If we rewrite that line in standard Japanese orthography:\n\n> 「石の中にも百年」か、かび臭くもなろうものだ！\n\nTaking the last clause apart, we get:\n\n> かび臭く も なろう もの だ！\n\n「かび臭く」：[連用形](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%94%A8%E5%BD%A2) of the\nadjective 「かび臭い」(musty, moldy, from a perceptive perspective such as\nolfactory)\n\n「も」：meaning something to the effect of \"even, as much as\", for emphasis\n\n「なろう」：[推量形](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%BD%A2) of the\nverb 「なる」(to become).\n\n「もの」：nominalizer\n\n「だ」：copula\n\nThe meaning of the clause is something like: \"(You) must reek of mold now\" or\n\"(You) must've become moldy/musty by now\".\n\nThe addition of 「ものだ！」 makes the line a lot more assertive. Without it, if it\nis just 「かび臭くもなろう」 the clause sounds speculative. With it, the line sounds\nmasculine, assertive, and strong.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-14T17:37:27.997", "id": "84600", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T00:28:39.537", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-15T00:28:39.537", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84599", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "This も and this ものだ have nuances.\n\n> 黴臭クモナロウモノダ！ \n> It's only natural that someone like you will become moldy!\n\n * This も has the meaning of \"no wonder\". See the following questions: \n * [かわりもしますよ what is the meaning of this も?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/82516/5010)\n * [What does this type of sentence structure (Verb- dictionary form+のも（は）もっともだ) mean](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54017/5010)\n * This ものだ is used to describe an unavoidable general fact ([examples](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/49136/5010)). This is why I used \"someone like you\" as the subject in the above translation, although this is not strictly necessary. \n * [How to parse 親も辞書を買ってやったかいがあるってもんだ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28872/5010)\n\n> Adding it to a phrase can have the effect of turning a singular event into a\n> generalized phenomenon.\n\nThe なろう here is roughly the same as なるだろう, but だろうものだ sounds strange to me. I\nthink this is due to some grammatical restriction I'm not consciously aware\nof. You can remove ものだ and just say \"黴臭くもなるだろう!\" without largely changing the\nmeaning of the sentence.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-15T02:02:25.057", "id": "84606", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T03:07:32.463", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-15T03:07:32.463", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84599", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This と is quotative. 因縁を付ける means \"to invent a pretext/excuse (for\nfighting/assaulting someone)\" or \"to threaten someone (typically on the\nstreet) for some random reason\". The と-marked clause is a **made-up** reason.\nThis means someone outside the temple killed the monk under the pretext that\nhe didn't like the sound from the temple. The true reason is that he wanted to\nextort money from the temple, or something like this. No one actually hated\nthe sound of the bell.\n\n> 寺の鐘の音が気に食わぬと因縁をつけられ首を落とされた僧の無念が乗り移った地蔵 \n> a _jizō_ possessed by a revengeful monk whose head has been cut off after\n> being accused (as a pretext) that the sound of the bell of his temple is\n> displeasing\n\n**EDIT:** In the example of 運転, Person A believes his poor driving was only a\ntrivial trigger at most, and the true purpose of this yakuza-like man (B) was\nto threaten him and extort money from him.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-15T01:31:02.787", "id": "84605", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T06:36:12.153", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-15T06:36:12.153", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84601", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "何も出ない{わよ/ぞ/よ} is a common humorous response to blatant flattery, and it can\nwork even without saying 褒めても (or おだてても) explicitly. It sounds like \"I know\nyou flattered me, but thanks anyway\".\n\nSo I think the main answer to your question is simply \"set phrases and idioms\nare often idiosyncratic\". Still, maybe one can argue that 何も出ない would sound\nbetter as a joking response since 何も出さない may sound a little too direct and\nharsh.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-15T02:32:49.540", "id": "84607", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T02:38:09.650", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-15T02:38:09.650", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84603", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I think you'd be assigning too much importance to subject agreement between\nconnected clauses as a grammatical phenomenon if it crossed your mind even for\na second. You are free to pick whatever subject you think is fit according to\nwhat makes pragmatic sense and your preference. So the subject agreement in\n「褒めてもらっても何も出さないよ」 does not make it preferable to the other two in terms of\ngrammar, and it's just wordier without an apparent merit.\n\n「褒めても何も出ないよ」 is a highly idiomaticized expression, so people use it without\nthinking about its literal sense, but I understand your feeling that the\nspeaker's using 「何も出ない」, thus effacing their own agency in the situation, is\nsomewhat unexpected. It sounds as if they were talking about some mechanism\n(an inanimate thing, hence better compatibility with 「何も出ない」) that\nautomatically gave out something in response to a certain stimulus. I think it\nwouldn't be too far-fetched to imagine that the prototypical utterance of this\nphrase was a jocular metaphor where the speaker was comparing themself to\nsomething like a vending machine (it could be anything, or nothing specific --\njust a vague allusion to some kind of non-human quid-pro-quo mechanism), where\nyou put your money in and it gives you a goodie in return.\n\nOn the practical usage front, there's some difference in nuance between\n「褒めても何も出ないよ」 and 「褒めても何も出さないよ」. The former goes like \"You won't get you\nanything flattering me, you know.\", and the latter like \"I won't give you\nanything even if you flatter me, you know.\".\n\nI'm not entirely sure if the translations make things clearer, but my main\npoint is that 「褒めても何も出ないよ」 sounds more non-personal and humorous, while\n「褒めても何も出さないよ」 possibly might sound a tad bit more like a refusal, like the\nspeaker thought the flatterer were really trying to get something out of them.\nThat maybe partly why the former is preferred.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-16T06:20:53.850", "id": "84623", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-16T06:20:53.850", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11575", "parent_id": "84603", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It can help if you think about で particle as options. There are different\nlocations, ways to do something, reasons and so on. With で particle we\ndescribe or clarify which one it is, in which exactly manner we do it, it's\ndone to us or something happens generally depending on our control over such\naction. In such case we talk about smiling and we can smile in many different\nways too.\n\n呆れた顔で微笑む means to do 微笑む with 呆れた顔 option. \"To smile with dismay face\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-15T06:07:45.187", "id": "84608", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T06:07:45.187", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41989", "parent_id": "84604", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "ために means in order to and your understanding is correct, A ために B means to do B\nto achieve A, as in \"make a sound of running water to achieve the result of\nnot making other unpleasant sounds\".\n\n水の流れる音 is a noun. The 音 is the most important thing here and is expanded\nsubsequently by 流れる and 水の as in the sound of running water. I believe you\ncould also say 水が流れる音 to the same effect.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-15T15:59:11.090", "id": "84613", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T15:59:11.090", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38417", "parent_id": "84609", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "1. 私は黒板に彼の注意を **向けた** 。\n 2. 私は黒板に彼の注意を **向けさせた** 。\n 3. 私は彼に黒板に注意を **向けさせた** 。\n\nThese are basically interchangeable. In Sentence 1, the speaker directly drew\nhis attention to the blackboard (his attention was moved by 私). Sentence 2 is\nmore indirect; the speaker made him to direct his attention to the blackboard\n(his attention was moved by 彼 because 私 asked him to do so). Sentence 3 is a\nslightly modified version of Sentence 2; now you can see the agent (causee),\n彼, is explicitly marked by another に.\n\nThere is no significant difference between them, but Sentence 1 may tend to\nsound like the speaker directly drew his attention e.g., by tapping the\nblackboard, whereas Sentence 2 & 3 tend to sound like the speaker asked him,\n\"Hey look at the blackboard\".\n\nSentence 3 has two に's in succession, which is not wrong but not very nice,\neither. If you care, remember you can always replace 黒板に to 黒板 **へ** :\n\n 1. 私は黒板へ彼の注意を **向けた** 。\n 2. 私は黒板へ彼の注意を **向けさせた** 。\n 3. 私は彼に黒板へ注意を **向けさせた** 。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-15T18:01:17.810", "id": "84615", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T19:46:03.547", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-15T19:46:03.547", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84610", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "As is stated in the question, it seems to me that 注意を向けさせる and 注意を向ける are\nsometimes used interchangeably. But when preceded by（だれだれ）の, this makes their\nuse more restricted shown in the following examples.\n\n? 私は その美しい花に 彼女の注意を向けさせた。(sounds unnatural because of the causative verb\n向けさせる)\n\n私は その美しい花に 彼女の注意を向けた。(most natural in these four sentences)\n\n＊私は 彼女に その美しい花に 注意を向けた。(彼女に concords only with the causative verb 向けさせる)\n\n私は 彼女に その美しい花に 注意を向けさせた。(grammatical but sounds a little awkward because of\ntwo に)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-20T07:03:09.597", "id": "84686", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-21T23:11:13.200", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-21T23:11:13.200", "last_editor_user_id": "42257", "owner_user_id": "42257", "parent_id": "84610", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "もの has a variety of uses. While it can mean thing, it can also refer to a\nperson, which is what it's doing in this sentence.\n\nBreaking the sentence down, we have:\n\n> 真相を知る: < _someone_ > knows the truth.\n\n> 誰もいません: There is no one.\n\nもの is the glue that ties these two parts together.\n\nFirst note that, when 真相を知る is placed before もの, it's acting as a relative\nclause. So,\n\n> 真相を知るもの: someone **who** knows the truth\n\nAnd so when placed in the larger sentence,\n\n> 真相を知るものは誰もいません: There is no one who knows the truth.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-15T15:47:53.000", "id": "84612", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T15:47:53.000", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84611", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "Different kanji allow for nuance, but also can be used to give a literary\nflare.\n\nAccording to my 漢和中辞典, 滲みる describes _water_ deeply soaking into something.\n染みる describes something slowly soaking through something else.\n\n * 滲みる: 滲は水がしみ込むこと\n * 染みる: 染は、じわじわと、しみとおること\n\nThe nuance here seems rather subtle, but given what you've said, if it's just\na matter of something soaking into the material and not all the way through,\nthen 滲みる makes a good deal amount of sense.\n\nDigging through a couple other of my dictionaries, it seems that しみる can also\ncarry a sense of feeling a piercingly deep pain. And, superficially, it looks\nlike 滲 can also carry this nuance more so than 染. It's a bit as if 滲 more\neasily expresses abstract notions of \"soaking in\" than does 染, which seems to\nbe used a bit more literally (if you're going to compare the two).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-15T20:18:38.940", "id": "84616", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-15T20:40:00.903", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-15T20:40:00.903", "last_editor_user_id": "4875", "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84614", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It does take many hours to get used to, and it is impossible to answer it in\none answer. You are trying to simplify the problem too much. If you are\npresented with a single sentence without absolutely no subject and no context,\nit is not likely that you will be able to perfectly guess the subject.\n\nDepending on the context, 「悲しそうだよね」 can be \"You look sad\", \"He looks sad,\nhuh?\", \"This (movie) looks sad, huh?\", or even \"Yeah I must be looking sad to\nyou\" in uncommon contexts. 「悲しいの?」 can be \"Are you sad?\", \"Is she sad?\", \"Is\nthis story sad?\", or even \"Am I feeling sad?\" in rare contexts. The rules\naround 欲しい and 欲しがる are more complex than you might expect (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23861/5010)).\n\nAmong the Japanese-specific elements, keigo and [role\nlanguages](https://anime-manga.jp/en/) are probably the most important topics\nthat increase the chances of omitting personal pronouns. For example, we can\nat least say the subject of いらっしゃる is never \"I\". Unfortunately, these are\ndifficult. By the time you have mastered them, you probably no longer wonder\nwhen to drop personal pronouns...", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-16T04:24:17.490", "id": "84621", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-16T04:24:17.490", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84618", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "No subject is dropped in the sentence in question, and there is no Japanese-\nspecific ambiguity in this sentence. Its interpretation purely depends on who\nhas been drinking in this scene. I can say it's not directly specified in your\nexcerpt, but it may be explained in previous sentences. We all know an\nemployee of a pub _usually_ doesn't drink together with customers, but there\ncan be exceptions. If you are certain that there is no hint as to who has been\ndrinking, perhaps the sentence was written with no one in particular in mind.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-16T03:28:56.000", "id": "84620", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-16T03:28:56.000", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84619", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "いまいった in the above sentence can be analyzed at least in two ways. The first is\nmuch more probable than the second in any context.\n\n> 1. いま (now) + いった (have said) meaning, as I have said\n> 2. いま (now) + いった (have passed away)\n>\n\nConsidering the context and a very particular adjective of すじのいい (natural\nbent), it will be safe for me to determine on the first analysis. This kind of\nいまいった, even if it is not entered in Japanese dictionaries, is very common in\ndaily conversation, but not in formal written Japanese (compared with いま述べた as\nmentioned before).\n\n * 「いまいっただろう。お前はおれのいったことを聞いてないのか。」\n * 「いまいったようにやりなさい。」\n * 「いまいった話には、注意しなさい。」(used as adjective modifier)\n * 「いまいった車は、もう売られていない。」(used as adjective modifier)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-30T04:48:36.583", "id": "85855", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-30T04:48:36.583", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42257", "parent_id": "84622", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This が is a plain subject marker, and it's not interchangeable with の. This\n〇が1人 is a contracted version of 〇が1人いる. いる has been omitted because it's\nredundant when counting things.\n\nIn English, you count sheep like \"One sheep, two sheep\" (but not \"There is one\nsheep, there are two sheep\", which is too cumbersome). In Japanese, we say\n\"羊が1匹、羊が2匹\".\n\nGrammatically, this 1人/1匹 is an **adverb**. Japanese people count things using\nadverbs by default. See: [How to list numbers of\nthings](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17816/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-16T10:12:28.977", "id": "84626", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-16T10:19:56.547", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-16T10:19:56.547", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84625", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "Short answer: Yes, おひとつ is perfectly natural.\n\nAs @Eddie Kal pointed out in the comment, お一人様 is also very common, as well as\nお二人様 and おふたつ. And I fully agree with @Eddie Kal that お is not used with more\nthan 2 people/pieces. According to [this\nsite](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1284703442)\napparently it's not impossible to say お三つ, but it's not only unnatural, but\nalso it's rather unlikely that the interlocutor understands what you meant to\nsay. Other than these cases, I cannot really come up with a case where お is\nused with numbers.\n\nFor おひとつ and おふたつ, I don't think whether with or without お really matters\n(especially in the example you mentioned above, I don't really see a\nparticular difference), but for お一人様 and お二人様, it sounds weird if you say just\n一人様. If you are not sure, say 一名様、二名様、三名様 etc. These are Chinese numbers and\nby definition お is not used (if ever Chinese words are used in the honorific\nform, it would be with ご, although in this case for some reason you don't need\nご).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-17T09:00:02.047", "id": "84639", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-17T09:00:02.047", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84631", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "> 1. Is 夢の中で a valid way of saying \"In the dream\"?\n>\n\nYes.\n\n> 2. Should that comma be there?\n>\n\nIt doesn't matter.\n\n> 3. The 花がいっぱい草地で to say \"In a field/meadow full of flowers\" part is\n> correct?\n>\n\nNo. Your sentence is perfectly grammatical but 花がいっぱい走っていた means \"[flowers\nwere running in flocks](https://stock.adobe.com/images/spring-background-with-\nrunning-flowers-the-idea-for-kids-or-cards-vector-illustration/102686678)\".\nYou have to say 花がいっぱい **の** 草地 **を** 走っていた. いっぱい without の is an adverb that\nmodifies the next verb (走る). With this の, 花がいっぱい is parsed as a relative\nclause that modifies 草地:\n\n * 草地は花がいっぱいだ。 \nThe field is full of flowers.\n\n * 花がいっぱいの草地 \nthe field which is full of flowers\n\nAnd to say \"through/across\", you need to use を before 走る. See:\n[この道をまっすぐ行ってください。 Why を and not\nで?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6869/5010)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-17T03:36:56.763", "id": "84636", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-17T03:36:56.763", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84634", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

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[ { "body": "This ごとき is used when the speaker wants to humble himself or look down on\nsomeone. For example, お前ごときが、アメリカの大統領に対してなんてことを言うんだ!(How dare someone like you\nhave said such things to the U.S. president!).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-17T10:38:11.390", "id": "84641", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-17T10:38:11.390", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "84638", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "First of all, the expression of 私ごとき is quite different from those in\ndictionaries you have consulted. 私ごとき can be said to be almost equal in\nmeaning with 私ってば. But 私ごとき is used almost by male seniors, and never used by\nyoung people, so the sentence (1) sounds a little strange because of the\ncollocation of 私ごとき and a little casual phrase of ごめんなさい。It will be more\nnatural to say in (3). (1) たとえそうだとしても、それを言う必要はないと感じてしまいました……私如きが、ごめんなさい。(2)\nたとえそうだとしても、それを言う必要はないと感じてしまいました……ごめんなさい、私ってば。(3)\nたとえそうだとしても、それを言う必要はないと感じてしまいました……私なんかが、ごめんなさい。On the contrary, 私ってば found in\nsentence (2) is mostly used by female young people or never used by males.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-18T09:29:30.693", "id": "84654", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T09:29:30.693", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42257", "parent_id": "84638", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I would parse it this way:\n\n> The difference between Japanese swords and other swords is this: How much do\n> they care about \"how beautiful are the ripples and iron?\"?\n\nAnd since this way there are essentially two implicit questions in this phrase\nit makes sense that there are two か.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-17T11:06:24.643", "id": "84642", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-17T11:06:24.643", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42189", "parent_id": "84640", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "The basic structure of this sentence is:\n\n> 日本刀と他の刀との違いはX **です** 。 \n> The difference between Japanese swords and other swords **is** (in) X.\n\nThe \"is\" in the translation simply corresponds to the copula です at the end of\nthe original sentence. There is no need to change it to something else like\n\"could be\".\n\nThe \"X\" part consists of two nested [embedded\nquestions](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/13038/5010):\n\n> 【どれだけ【刃文と鉄が美しい **か** 】にこだわっている **か** 】 \n> 【how much [blacksmiths] are particular about 【whether their\n> [_hamon_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamon_\\(swordsmithing\\)) and iron\n> are beautiful】】\n\n(I believe 波紋 is a misspelling and thus \"ripple\" is a mistranslation. The\ncorrect kanji is [刃文](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%83%E6%96%87). That\nsaid, this misspelling is understandable because 刃文 has a wavy appearance.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-17T12:45:52.433", "id": "84643", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T03:15:57.330", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-18T03:15:57.330", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84640", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "This ところ refers to a particular situation/scene, and ～ところを is a set phrase\nthat means (本当は)～ところで or (普段/本来は)～なのに. See: [Does ところを always mean the same\nthing as のに? What is the difference between ところへ and\nところに?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19173/5010)\n\n4分のところ is a somewhat abbreviated expression, but it means 通常は4分のところ or\n本来は4分待つところ, or \"the situation where one normally waits for 4 minutes\". 4分のところ\n**を** means something like \"in a situation where 4 minutes is normal\" here.\n\nEtymologically, I wonder if this を has something to do with [を as a\ncontrastive conjunction](https://www.hello-school.net/haroajapa010018.htm) in\narchaic Japanese. ～を did sometimes mean だが or \"despite ～\" in the past, and\n[ものを is still in use](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3799/5010) in\nmodern Japanese.\n\nFrom デジタル大辞泉:\n\n> ###\n> [ところを](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%82%92/)\n>\n>\n> ［接助］《形式名詞「ところ」＋格助詞「を」から》通常のやり方や予期・予定などに反することを行う意を表す。本当なら…のに。「こちらから行くべきところを来ていただく」「縦に並べるところを横にする」\n\nHere are some examples found in BCCWJ:\n\n> * 賛成票を投じるべき **ところを** 、どうしてもできないから棄権した。\n> * **本来なら** 平行のまま床まで届く **ところを** 、途中でむりやり輪ゴムで束ねて一本にした。\n> * マンションであれば、 **本来** 十階建てで抑えるべき **ところを** 、階高を圧縮して十一階建てとし、賑売戸数を稼ぐ手法も通例です。\n>\n\nNote that not all ところを means this. を can be a simple object marker as well\n(e.g., 笑っているところを写真に撮る).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-18T02:46:09.910", "id": "84650", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T09:37:30.683", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-18T09:37:30.683", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84644", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "Japanese generally doesn't have **bolding** or _italics_ or\nu̲n̲d̲e̲r̲l̲i̲n̲i̲n̲g̲, just as typographic conventions. There is the\n傍点【ぼうてん】, the dots put above (for horizontal text) or to the right (for\nvertical text), to indicate emphasis, such as\n[傍]{●}[点]{●}は[句]{●}[読]{●}[点]{●}の一種, but these are difficult to enter using a\nkeyboard -- so the 「various」 『kinds』 〔of〕 《brackets》 instead become a good way\nto set off a bit of text for emphasis. Think of these perhaps as more like\n\"air quotes\" when people are speaking in English, and you'll get the idea.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-17T21:49:48.197", "id": "84646", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-17T21:49:48.197", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "84645", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I am sure that you will sometimes find the expression 見ちゃいない in a manga,\nbecause this expression is very colloquial and used in daily conversation. I\nthink the following expressions can arranged in the order of formality.\n見てはいない、見ていない、見てない、見ちゃいない。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-18T10:13:26.960", "id": "84655", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T10:13:26.960", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42257", "parent_id": "84647", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "It's almost certainly a contraction of 見てはいない (\"[someone] is not seeing it\" or\n\"[someone] has not seen it\"). It can also be a contraction of 見てしまいなさい (\"Watch\nit anyway!\") at least in one western dialect I know, but it's rare.\n\nIn casual speech, ては very often contracts to ちゃ (and では contracts to じゃ). See\n[Purpose of adj+kucha and noun+ja in this\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/57943/5010) for example.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-18T11:44:19.150", "id": "84656", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T11:44:19.150", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84647", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Here the copula has been dropped. How this would be said were the copula not\ndropped is pushing my active knowledge of Japanese.\n\nBut, I'll start by saying this looks like a female speaking to me. Not just\nfor the use of わ but also for the dropped copulas (two have been dropped).\n\nI believe this could be rewritten as:\n\n> 大丈夫です。 死にはしませんわ。 少し休めば元に戻ることですよ。\n\nThe individual is saying,\n\n> It's ok. I'm not going to die. If I just take a short break, I'll bounce\n> back.\n\nThe idea being conveyed by こと is being used to explain why there's no need to\nworry.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-17T23:23:24.203", "id": "84649", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-17T23:23:24.203", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84648", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "何県の方 means 何県出身の方. It means \"What prefecture are you from?\". ～の方{かた} is used\nwhen we make the people who belong to something such as occupations and\ncountries polite. For example. 警察の方、アメリカの方 and so on.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-18T08:50:22.893", "id": "84653", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T08:50:22.893", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "84651", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "This 方【かた】 is an honorific version of 人. If you don't mind sounding a little\nblunt, 何県の人ですか means the same thing. (の)方 as a polite (or \"euphemistic\")\nfiller is always read (の)ほう\n([example](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72923/5010)), and it has\nnothing to do with this sentence.\n\nX県の人 means \"person from X Prefecture\" or \"person living in X Prefecture\".\nThus, a literal translation of this would be \"A person from what prefecture\nare you?\" or \"What prefecture's person are you?\". I know these are not\nnatural, but I don't think it's completely nonsensical, either (correct me if\nI'm wrong).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-18T16:28:03.167", "id": "84660", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T16:28:03.167", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84651", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I'm pretty certain this is basically `お + 連用形 + になる`. Actually we can find\nmany instances of お仰せになる on the net, although I don't know if it's a typo, a\nmisuse, or an uncommon but acceptable usage.\n\nThen why is お normally dropped? As Angelos pointed out, we say お教えになる, お思いになる\nand お納めになる, so just because a verb starts with お does not mean it refuses\nanother お.\n\nHowever, as flowsnake suggested, there may be exceptions when the main verb\nalready has an honorific sense alone. So which (inherently) honorific verb has\nthe `(お +) 連用形 + になる` form, too?\n\n * おおす - おおせになる (usually refuses extra お)\n * おぼしめす - おぼしめしになる (refuses extra お)\n * おわす - おわしになる (rare; refuses extra お)\n * めしあがる - おめしあがりになる (requires お)\n * めす - おめしになる (requires お)\n\nUnfortunately, these are the only pairs I could come up with, so it is\ndifficult to conclude something. Still, we may hypothesize \"if the main verb\nis inherently honorific **AND** starts with お at the same time, the お before\nthe 連用形 is dropped\".\n\n(Plus, おおおせになる is difficult to pronounce, of course!)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-18T17:17:28.927", "id": "84661", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T17:45:36.323", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-18T17:45:36.323", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84652", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "When I read the question, I was a little surprised to see the verb form of\n仰せる. I did a little search of this verb form on the net, but in vain. 仰せ is a\nderived form of 仰す, which was rarely used as a verb in various forms except\n仰せ. And 仰せ became used almost as a noun: 仰せの通り, 仰せ聞ける, 仰せつかる。For other\nexamples, please have a look at this very interesting site\n[「仰せ」の使い方、ほかの品詞の結びつき](https://collocation.hyogen.info/word/%E4%BB%B0%E3%81%9B).\nIt can be presumed, as the next step, 仰せられる was coined on the basis of 仰す.\n\nThe phrase 仰せられる is more natural to me than 仰せになる, even though these phrases\nare both antiquated, but often used in the translation of the Bible. Why is\nthe latter form is employed even in the translation? The same motive must be\nworking as おっしゃられる, which is banned by some specialists of Japanese grammar\nbecause of its double Keigo. They urge us to use おっしゃる, which I don't like but\nprefer to use いわれる or 話される instead. They must label the expression お仰せられる as\nthe case of triple Keigo.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-20T02:43:44.383", "id": "84683", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-23T17:59:09.333", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-23T17:59:09.333", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "42257", "parent_id": "84652", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This の is a special noun used to form [cleft\nsentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010). English speakers\nuse [preparatory _it_](https://www.englishpractice.com/grammar/preparatory-\nsubject/) for this type of sentence. Japanese speakers use の.\n\nFrom this:\n\n> 12時過ぎに帰った。 \n> I got home past midnight.\n\nWe can form the following cleft sentence:\n\n> 帰ったのは12時過ぎだった。 \n> It was past midnight that I got home.\n\nAnd we can drop は in casual speech:\n\n> 帰ったの12時過ぎだった(よ)。 \n> It was past midnight that I got home.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-18T23:36:00.073", "id": "84667", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T23:42:32.967", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-18T23:42:32.967", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84663", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "If you're having trouble with subject, object and transitivity then 太る is\nprobably not a good verb to start with since it does not map to a verb in\nEnglish.\n\n太る is an intransitive verb (does not take an object) which means 'to become\nfat'. Putting this in た form means that the process of becoming fat is\ncomplete, i.e. 'got fat'.\n\nI think the fact that you translate this with 'got' may be confusing you\nbecause in the sentence 'X got Y', X is the subject and Y is the object. But\nthis 'got' has a different meaning from the one you are using above. When you\nsay 'I got soup' you mean 'I obtained soup'. When you say 'I got fat' you\ndon't usually mean 'I went out and bought some fat'. You mean 'I became fat'\nand that 'became fat' is all neatly swept up in the single word 太った so there\nis no place for an object.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-18T21:22:12.657", "id": "84665", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-18T21:22:12.657", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "84664", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "I agree to the comment by user3856370, especially about transability in\nJapanese. But I would like to list some more examples which will be useful to\nnon-native speakers.\n\n * ばいきんまん **を** 太っている。ばいきんまん **を** 太った。(both sentences are ungrammatical)\n\n * ばいきんまん **を** 太らせる。(literally, make Baikinman fat, 太らせる is a transitive verb)\n\n * ばいきんまん **は** 太っている。ばいきんまん **が** 太っている。(both are grammatical)\n\n * ばいきんまん **は** 太った。ばいきんまん **が** 太った。(grammatical in past tense)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-19T00:38:38.607", "id": "84668", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-19T03:29:05.053", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-19T03:29:05.053", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "42257", "parent_id": "84664", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "There are a couple of situations where using カタカナ語 (Western loanwords\ntranscribed in katakana) is preferred.\n\n 1. It is cool.\n\n 2. Young people like to say things differently.\n\n 3. The word/phrase was borrowed straight from English. \nI think your word falls under this category. It came directly from English\nphrases such as \"American design\", \"Japanese design.\"\n\n 4. It's fun to toy with English words and phrases and construct new カタカナ語 (和製英語) in accordance with Japanese grammar simply because they make sense to Japanese speakers with knowledge of English. One example that I recently encountered is ロケハン (location scouting). And choosing them over other older Japanese words goes back to situation #1: it's cooler to use those English-sounding words.\n\n 5. Some カタカナ語 have come to carry nuances that set them apart from traditional words (kango and wago). For example, チャイニーズ (Chinese) has increasingly been used to refer to Chinese cuisine and restaurants (中国料理), as opposed to [中華料理](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Chinese_cuisine).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-19T07:19:34.803", "id": "84670", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-19T07:19:34.803", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "84669", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "At the first sight of this expression ジャパニーズデザイン, I felt it very strange as\nJapanese English, because of its relative length. This leads me into some\nsearch of this expression on the Web. I have found some facts about this\nexpression. Firstly, as a native speaker of Japanese, anyone would not like to\nuse 日本のデザイン, except in translation. We will probably prefer to use 日本風のデザイン or\n日本式のデザイン or 日本特有のデザイン or 日本独自のデザイン or 日本人によるデザイン, even though these are all\nexplanatory. Secondly, through the examination of about ten uses of ジャパニーズデザイン\nfound on the web, I have discovered that this is almost used in connection\nwith the world, especially the western world and is referred to the things of\nJapanese designed with western taste, or the western things with Japanese\ntaste.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-19T10:48:51.540", "id": "84671", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-19T11:00:46.317", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-19T11:00:46.317", "last_editor_user_id": "42257", "owner_user_id": "42257", "parent_id": "84669", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "There are various reasons to use katakana or loanwords (see other answers),\nbut in this case, I think the reason is very close to [why 日本 is sometimes\nwritten as ニッポン](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17799/5010) or [why トヨタ\nis written in katakana](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/31078/5010). The\nintentional use of the katakana version of a word can make it sound modern\nand/or internationalized. For example, 忍者 is a plain word for ninja, but ニンジャ\nwritten in katakana suddenly makes people imagine that stereotypical ninja\nenjoyed by western people. Likewise, while 日本のデザイン is the normal way to say\n\"Japanese design\", ジャパニーズ・デザイン can be intentionally chosen to give the\nimpression of \"that stereotypical Japanese design appreciated internationally\"\nor \"contemporary Japanese design as opposed to universal or traditional ones\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-19T14:10:38.857", "id": "84672", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-20T05:07:18.070", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-20T05:07:18.070", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84669", "post_type": "answer", "score": 24 } ]

[ { "body": "> So, from this, can I assume today (in the exercise) is Tuesday? Or\n> Wednesday? Or something else?\n\nNo not really. II just means 3 days of time. It could refer to a point of time\nin the future, the past or could even mean a duration of time. Since it's a\nconversation, your assumption is probably correct but requires more context.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-19T18:59:02.687", "id": "84676", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-19T18:59:02.687", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34345", "parent_id": "84673", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "\"There are three days left\". Considering that Saturday is the day of the\nevent, if we go back three days, \"today\" would be Wednesday.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-19T19:43:06.190", "id": "84677", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-19T19:43:06.190", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42276", "parent_id": "84673", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "学校へ行きます is more common.\n\nWhen using \"へ\" you are referring to a place/direction, while \"に\" you could use\nfor other verbs.\n\n * その目的地へと（行く）。\n * その目的地に何かありましたっけ？\n\nPeople often use に because they are assuming they are entering the building\n\"School\".\n\nGo to cinema:\n\n * 映画館へ行く。Correct.\n * 映画館に行く。Correct.(Edited)\n\nEntering the car:\n\n * 車へ入る。Not common.\n * 車に入る。Correct.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-19T20:07:05.413", "id": "84678", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-23T17:21:32.050", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-23T17:21:32.050", "last_editor_user_id": "42276", "owner_user_id": "42276", "parent_id": "84675", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 }, { "body": "You can use either に or へ here. As mentioned in @EddieKal's comment, both of\nthe following are correct:\n\n> 学校 **に** 行きます。 \n> 学校 **へ** 行きます。\n\n * this に is \"a particle which indicates a place toward which [someone] or [something] moves\" [1]\n * this へ is \"a particle that indicates the direction toward which some directional movement or action proceeds\" [2]\n\nIn general, you can use the above two interchangeably [3]:\n\n> In actuality, native speakers use へ and に (of point of contact) almost\n> interchangeably except in the case of\n>\n> ニューヨーク{__}の便はもうありません。 \n> There isn't any flight to / as far as New York any more.\n>\n> 〇 ニューヨーク **へ** の便はもうありません。 \n> 〇 ニューヨーク **まで** の便はもうありません。 \n> ✖ ニューヨーク **に** の便はもうありません。(に cannot be followed by の)\n\nAn example:\n\n> 東京 **に** 十二時に着いた。 \n> 東京 **へ** 十二時に着いた。 \n> I arrived in Tokyo at 12:00 o'clock.\n\n* * *\n\n[1] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar p. 302 (ni7 に) \n[2] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar p. 116 (e へ) \n[3] A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar p. 117 (e へ Related Expressions\nsection I)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-23T15:59:24.457", "id": "84749", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-23T21:09:33.540", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-23T21:09:33.540", "last_editor_user_id": "14544", "owner_user_id": "14544", "parent_id": "84675", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "~~海は青いくないです is ungrammatical. The adjective form of 'blue' is 青い. As I'm sure\nyou've learnt, the negative form is made by removing the final い and adding\nくない.~~ So it should be 海は青くないです. This sentence is polite. It is made polite by\nadding です after the i-adjective.\n\n海は青ではない is grammatically correct but it is in plain form (i.e not polite). To\nturn this into the polite form ではない should be replaced with ではありません. Note that\nin this sentence the noun, 青, is used rather than the adjective, 青い, of the\nprevious sentence.\n\nFor the adjective case you could also say 海は青くありません which is also polite but\nsounds rather stiff.\n\nSince you are a beginner I should point out that 'not polite' doesn't mean\nrude. It just means a form you would use with someone with whom you are close.\n\n**Edit:** Regarding the choice of whether to use a noun or adjective, please\nsee [this post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/84692/how-to-\nchoose-adjective-or-noun-with-color). This makes the decision of the HiNative\nposter to change your sentence from 海は青くないです to 海は青ではない even more bizarre.", "comment_count": 10, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-19T22:04:48.020", "id": "84680", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-21T09:35:55.927", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-21T09:35:55.927", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "84679", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "Just adding some thoughts: I guess it would be correct 青ではない if you are using\nit as a noun. Example:\n\n好きなのは青ではなくて赤です [The thing I like is not blue, it is red]\n\nBut to me, just like the other person said, it also sounds off to say 海は青ではない。\n\nPerhaps you could say 海は青色ではない. I am positive that saying it with 色 makes it\nacceptable.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-01-22T13:39:58.627", "id": "93066", "last_activity_date": "2022-01-22T13:39:58.627", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50324", "parent_id": "84679", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "手を伸べる (or 手を差し伸べる) is a set phrase that means \"to offer/extend a **helping**\nhand\". I confirmed 47 out of the 50 examples of 伸べ in\n[BCCWJ](https://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/en/) are used as part of\nthis set phrase. Although dictionaries explain several other historical usages\nof 伸べる, you have almost no reason to use 伸べる outside this set phrase in modern\nstandard Japanese. (Not to be confused with 述べる, which is very common. 延べる is\nuncommon but usable in modern Japanese.)\n\n伸ばす is a very common verb that means \"to extend/elongate/lengthen\". 手を伸ばす can\nmean several things:\n\n 1. to (physically) extend one's arm (to pick an object); to (physically) reach for\n\n> 棚に手を伸ばして本を取り出した。\n\n 2. to extend an (often evil) hand (to dominate/harm)\n\n> ローマ帝国は周囲の国に次々と手を伸ばし、領土を拡大していった。\n\n 3. to diversify and try (something new)\n\n> 彼は貯金だけで満足できず、株式投資にも手を伸ばし始めた。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-20T03:14:45.267", "id": "84684", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-20T03:33:20.030", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-20T03:33:20.030", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84682", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "The characters appearing in the 戸籍 _koseki_ (family register) are [publicly\naccessible](http://houmukyoku.moj.go.jp/KOSEKIMOJIDB/M01.html). As far as I\ncan tell, one cannot search how common a name is, or in what combinations they\nappear. But from this data we can rule out that 安 is a surname with reading\nしずか. 安 is listed with the following readings:\n\n`音読み **アン** \n訓読み **やすい** 、 **いずくに** 、 \n **いずくにか** 、 **いずくんぞ** 、 **やすんじる** \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EOmUa.png) \n6画`\n\nOn the other hand, some of the _kanji_ appearing in the _koseki_ with reading\nしずか (in total 11, including 静) are the following:\n\n`音読み **ジャク** 、 **セキ** \n訓読み **さび** 、 **さびしい** 、 **さびれる** 、 \n **しずか** \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HODT4.png) \n11画` `音読み **セン** 、 **ゼン** \n訓読み **ゆずる** 、 **しずか** \n \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHVwN.png) \n15画` `音読み **タン** \n訓読み **しずか** \n \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/l01ye.png) \n16画` `音読み **ヒツ** 、 **ビツ** 、 **ミチ** \n訓読み **しずか** \n \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3rzpz.png) \n17画` `音読み **セイ** 、 **ジョウ** \n訓読み **しずか** \n \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MVDWA.png) \n16画` `音読み **ゲキ** \n訓読み **しずか** \n \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SscHT.png) \n18画`", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-20T09:08:34.483", "id": "84691", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-20T09:08:34.483", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1628", "parent_id": "84685", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "If you're asking if the negative form of the verb 逸らす would also affect 合わせる,\nit would not. \"To make eye contact and not look away\" is correct. If you want\nboth to be negative, you would have to say \"合わせないで逸らさない\" (although, it makes\nno sense in this context).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T06:49:12.643", "id": "84719", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-22T06:49:12.643", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "84687", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This is Internet slang for お疲れ様 (where 乙 is meant to stand in for the オツ in\nおつかれさま).\n\nThe rest of the phrase, ってところ, is covered by [this past\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29682/meaning-of-\nnoun%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-20T07:57:39.327", "id": "84689", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-20T07:57:39.327", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "84688", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "This [乙]{おつ} seems the internet slang of おつかれ. It is typical in the internet.\nおっつ、おっつー sounds more cheerful to my ear. [乙]{おつ} by itself sounds dr ier and\ncolder without assimilated sound and the elongation.\n\nYou should look up the phrase おつかれ if you do not know.\n\nSo, 長々と説明乙 possibly means “Thanks for your long explanation” and he/she wants\nto critisize something with the compliment. If you find it unnatural in the\nnovel, Please provide more context of your light novel.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-20T08:15:56.927", "id": "84690", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-20T08:25:44.997", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-20T08:25:44.997", "last_editor_user_id": "34735", "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "84688", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "白い, 黒い, 赤い, 青い, 黄色い and 茶色い are the only Japanese i-adjectives for colors, as\nprobably any textbook says. For those colors, you should be using those\ni-adjectives in more than 90% of the time. However, there are cases you can\n(or should) treat 白/黒/赤/青/黄色/茶色 as nouns (aka no-adjectives).\n\n * The largest reason to say 青の instead of 青い is when you want to use it as a **symbol/label** rather than just a color. For example, \"Red Team\" is either 赤チーム or 赤のチーム but not 赤いチーム. When I hear 青の財布 without any context, I wonder if it's really a blue wallet; it may be a non-blue wallet with a blue tag attached or contained in a blue box. You can hear 赤のお皿 in sushi-go-round restaurants because the color of a plate [indicates the price of sushi](https://www.foodrink.co.jp/news/2018/09/04150705.php) on it (saying 赤いお皿 is also correct, though). You can modify an abstract thing using の, e.g., 赤の在庫 (\"the stock of the red ones\"), 黒の注文 (\"the order of the black version\"), 青のイメージ (\"the image of blue(ness)\"). See this question: [の (no) vs ~i for colors, can they be used indistinctly?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/59996/5010)\n * Another common reason is to keep your expressions short and consistent when you want to describe the colors of many objects. For example, it's natural to drop all い and say \"その本は青で、そこのボールは緑で、あそこの屋根は赤です\". Instead of saying 茶色く/黒く, you can say \"髪は茶色で、服はピンクで、瞳は黒で塗ってください\".\n\nSo 海は青だ is okay if this is said in a context involving many colors. But 海は青だ\nsaid without any context sounds odd, and someone who reads it would\n(unconsciously) wonder if it has some \"symbolic\" meaning in the context. If\nthere is no other context (e.g., if this is a catchphrase on a poster), it may\nlook like \"Blueness is (the symbol of) the ocean\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-21T06:23:48.227", "id": "84707", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-21T06:54:30.707", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-21T06:54:30.707", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84692", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "That large character next to オッガイ is a fictional \"kanji\" invented by the\nauthor of Tokyo Ghoul to write オッガイ in one character. It makes absolutely no\nsense outside the work. You cannot type this character using your PC or\nsmartphone. Technically, it's a\n[_gaiji_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji#Gaiji).\n\nObviously it was made by \"mirroring\" the left part of 死 (\"death\"), but it's\nnot a common convention at all. In this information age, the invention of\ntotally new fictional kanji is not common at all in the first place. This is\nnothing more than his unique wordplay on kanji.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-21T05:35:26.253", "id": "84703", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-21T05:35:26.253", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84693", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "We pronounce/read ≒ as 「ニアリーイコール」 in maths class in Japanese schools.\n\nFor example, we read these:\n\n> 10 ÷ 3 ≒ 3.3 \n> 「じゅうわるさん ニアリーイコール さんてんさん」 \n> √2 ≒ 1.414 \n> 「ルート に ニアリーイコール いってんよんいちよん」\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SeNDT.png)\n\n参考：\n\n<https://sci-pursuit.com/math/nearly-equal.html> \n<https://atarimae.biz/archives/17673> \n<https://www.nli-research.co.jp/report/detail/id=62678?site=nli>", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-20T15:22:13.757", "id": "84695", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-20T16:36:18.657", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-20T16:36:18.657", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "84694", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 }, { "body": "According to the symbol's [Japanese Wiktionary\npage](https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E2%89%92), the JIS standard assigns to\n`≒` the common name 「ほとんど等{ひと}しい」.\n\nThe quoted english name 「APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE IMAGE OF」 which is also\nmentioned is actually the one defined by the Unicode standard.\n\nI wonder whether `≒` could be pronounced 近似{きんじ} when reading aloud...\n\n> 日本において近似を表す記号。JISにおける日本語通称は「ほとんど等しい」、JIS上の名称は「APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO OR THE\n> IMAGE OF」。\n\nApparently, this symbol is only used in Japan, while its standard\ninternational equivalent is `≈`.\n\n> 日本においてのみ通用。国際標準は「≈」、その他、「∼」,「≃」,「≅」が慣用的に用いられる。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-20T16:01:06.577", "id": "84696", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-20T16:06:24.127", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-20T16:06:24.127", "last_editor_user_id": "42283", "owner_user_id": "42283", "parent_id": "84694", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "That's kind of up to you. Though you could play with the pronunciation of your\nname and go with Niko. It would sound like you're a fun and happy person; ニコニコ\n( _nikoniko_ ) is an of onomatopoeic word in Japanese which gives that\nfeeling.\n\nBut if you want Kanji, then that's really your personal preference and there\naren't really any rules about it.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-20T20:34:01.640", "id": "84698", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-20T20:34:01.640", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "84697", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "I think [ニコル](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB) would\nbe the most common. There are variants like ニコール, ニコラ.\n\nEg\n\n * [藤田ニコル](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E7%94%B0%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB) (Fujita Nicole)\n * Jung Nicole - [チョン・ニコル](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB)\n * Clive William Nicol - [C. W. ニコル](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E3%83%BBW%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AB)\n * Nicole Kidman - [ニコール・キッドマン](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-21T04:00:32.827", "id": "84701", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-21T04:00:32.827", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "84697", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The character for \"black\" is 黒, and its antonym is 白 (\"white\"). The character\nfor \"dark(ness)\" is 闇, and its antonym is 光 (\"light\"). The connotations of 黒\nand 闇 largely overlap both in English and Japanese. For example, in fantasy\nworks, we see both 黒魔法 \"black magic\" and 闇魔法 \"dark magic\" very often, and they\nare named at the author's discretion for each work. If you can use two\ncharacters, 暗黒 and 漆黒 are other common words for \"(complete) dark(ness)\" (for\nexample\n[暗黒騎士](https://finalfantasy.fandom.com/wiki/Dark_Knight_\\(Final_Fantasy_XIV\\))).\nIn relation to one's inner side, we say 心の闇 (\"darkness in one's heart\") but\nnot 心の黒.\n\nNote that although these words are popular, they have been regarded as words\ntypically loved by [chunibyo\npatients](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Chuunibyou) at the\nsame time. You should not use them casually unless you have a clear style.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-21T05:04:33.900", "id": "84702", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-21T05:04:33.900", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84699", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It seems to me that in real-world Japanese, 集まろう is a very popular and\ncommonly used phrase in a group of people, in the context such as いつもの飲み屋に集まろう\nor あの公園に集まろう or 名古屋で集まろう or ホテルで集まろう. In other words, 集まろう is usually preceded\nby the phrase (場所)に or (場所)で in daily conversation. Therefore the phrase 集まろう\nwithout the reference to the gathering place is used in very restricted\nsituations, e.g. in advertisement, or chorus of shouts (you put ! after 集まろう),\nin an office setting to a group of people, with the mutual knowledge of the\ngathering place, talking about an after work get together. Last of all, I have\nto make one additional but important remark about this expression, 集まろう is an\nexpression almost for males, and more polite form of 集まりましょう is preferred\nespecially by females.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T00:38:12.313", "id": "84712", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-23T02:19:49.767", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-23T02:19:49.767", "last_editor_user_id": "42257", "owner_user_id": "42257", "parent_id": "84704", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "集まろう does mean \"Let's get together\". But in the context you posted (\"after\nwork get-together\"), I more commonly hear \"集合しよう\". Also, I think it's more\ncommon to actually indicate what will be done (i.e. \"飲みに行こう\", \"ご飯行こう\", \"遊ぼう\").\n\"集合しよう\" would be used when indicating a specific time, date, or place.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T04:52:41.927", "id": "84716", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-23T17:55:37.257", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-23T17:55:37.257", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "84704", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "It's hard to say without more context but I'd guess either of the following:\na.) There is something hilarious he had said previously with his straight\nface, making it even more hilarious. b.) The fact that he always has a\nstraight face is ridiculous. (Could be said in a mean way, like \"I'm not\njoking\" \"Yeah? Well, your face is a joke!!\")", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T05:51:00.533", "id": "84717", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-22T05:51:00.533", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "84709", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "As (the other) Will suggested in the comments, there are already several posts\nwhere you can learn more about the usage of かしら. As a short answer to your\nquestion:\n\nRather than いいですか, in most (if not all) situations it's better to think of it\nas a version of saying いいかも(しれない), e.g. after someone suggested something, it\ncould be used as a response meaning like \"a yeah, that might be good/work\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T18:48:10.307", "id": "84739", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-22T18:48:10.307", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42024", "parent_id": "84710", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "とか is a listing particle similar to\n[だの](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/25555/5010). It often sounds\nslightly negative. ライバル and とも are both 強敵's well-known [creative\nfurigana](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29431/5010) used to make it\nhave a double meaning. The normal kanji for とも is 友.\n\nThe とも reading was made popular by a famous manga 北斗の拳, in which the\nprotagonist and his enemy eventually start to respect each other as good\nrivals after trying to defeat each other many times. There's an\n[article](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E5%BC%B7%E6%95%B5) about this furigana.\n\nAと書いてBと読む (\"write A, read it as B\", \"this A actually means/reads B\") is a\ncommon way to explain this type of creative furigana. 本気と書いてマジと読む is [very\ncommon](https://dictionary.sanseido-publ.co.jp/column/kanji_genzai072).\n\n> 強敵と書いて、ライバル、とか、とも、とか読まない。 \n> Don't read this 強敵 as something like ライバル or とも.\n\nThe speaker is saying such humorous creative furigana are not intended. He\n_literally_ means \"great enemy\", and he is not implying they are actually his\nrivals or friends.\n\nThese commas are just for reading aid. The author could have used brackets\ninstead. Remember the rules around commas are fairly loose in Japanese. As an\naside,\n[危険が危ない](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%BA%E3%81%8C%E5%8D%B1%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\nis more of a net meme, and you should not use it in formal sentences.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T00:40:29.347", "id": "84713", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-22T01:38:50.373", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-22T01:38:50.373", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84711", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "As you suggested, 誠さんの周りは非常に恵まれている can possibly mean either \"We (girls around\nMakoto) are happy because of you (Makoto)\" or \"There are plenty of pretty\ngirls around you (Makoto)\". The former makes sense when Makoto is regarded as\na precious _ikemen_ by the girls or there are not enough men in this\ncommunity.\n\nHowever, I feel the latter interpretation is more probable because 謙遜を抜きにすれば\n(\"speaking without modesty\", \"frankly speaking\") implies what follows is a\nsentence that can sound arrogant or overconfident. Thus the whole sentence\n_probably_ means something like \"Speaking of which (good-looking-ness), I hate\nto sound arrogant but you are surrounded by many pretty girls (including\nmyself)\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T03:37:24.220", "id": "84715", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-22T13:59:12.497", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-22T13:59:12.497", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "84714", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I'd use\n[レイヤー](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC+%E7%94%BB%E5%83%8F%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5).\n\nIt's also what they use in Adobe's official [Photoshop\ntutorials](https://helpx.adobe.com/jp/search.html?q=%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T07:56:01.703", "id": "84722", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-22T07:56:01.703", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "84720", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "天なる神チュクイを祀った is a relative clause describing 虹の礼拝堂. As you have observed, in\nJapanese, there is no need for \"that/which/who\". That's just how Japanese\nworks.\n\n * 英語を話す男 The man who speaks English.\n * 英語を話す男は帰った The man who speaks English went home.\n\nHowever, you can also think of it as:\n\n * 英語を話す男 The English-speaking man.\n * 英語を話す男は帰った The English-speaking man went home. (This sentence does not have \"who\").\n\nAs the description gets more complicated, the relative clause gets longer. In\nEnglish, this is sometimes done with hyphenation:\n\n * イギリス訛りで英語を話す男 The speaks-English-with-a-British-accent man.\n\nIt's just that unless you're trying to be humorous, etc., it's more natural in\nEnglish to say \"The man who speaks English with a British accent.\" because the\nlong hyphenation makes it awkward.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T10:35:47.957", "id": "84733", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-22T11:44:52.477", "last_edit_date": "2021-03-22T11:44:52.477", "last_editor_user_id": "42299", "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "84731", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "No, it doesn't. か is the question tag in Japanese and of those three clauses,\nonly the last one is a question.\n\nIf you want to be strict with the translation, it would be\n\n> In France, we are researching the strength of the virus, the possibility of\n> the disease being serious, and how much the virus has spread, etc.\n\nBut in English, it sounds more natural if the clauses have the same structure.\nSo DeepL translated it that way.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-03-22T10:43:05.263", "id": "84734", "last_activity_date": "2021-03-22T10:43:05.263", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "84732", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]