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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

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[ { "body": "> 届けねえとなんねえな\n\nIt's a colloquial, contracted pronunciation of...\n\n> 届けないとならないな\n\nwhich means \"have to deliver\".\n\nない ⇒ ねえ \nならない ⇒ なんねえ\n\nRelated threads:\n\n * [What is じゃねぇか? What is its original form?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18454/9831)\n * [わからない vs わかね in My Boss My Hero](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13069/9831)\n\nAs you may know, 「～ないとならない」 means \"have to\" \"must\". (≈「～なければならない」「～ないといけない」)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-06T15:23:50.733", "id": "95293", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-06T15:31:38.297", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-06T15:31:38.297", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95292", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "You can read キャンプ場と言う名の森 literally as _this forest called a ‘campsite’_ , or\nless literally as: “this so-called campsite that I would really call a\nforest.”\n\nI'm guessing that in the context of your manga, someone else is talking about\na campsite, and the speaker of this line thinks the campsite is _so_\ndangerous-looking and forest-like that (a) it doesn't deserve to be called a\ncampsite, and (b) it wouldn't be out-of-place for a bear to show up.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-06T21:31:09.317", "id": "95298", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-06T21:31:09.317", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "16052", "parent_id": "95297", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

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[ { "body": "It's just \"and (then) come (here)\". Only doing the homework is not enough; you\nhave to bring the result (a notebook, etc) to the classroom.\n\nEnglish speakers may think this type of てくる is unnecessary, but it's important\nin Japanese. You probably know \"to hold\" is 持つ and \"to bring\" is either 持ってくる\n(literally \"to hold and come\") or 持っていく (\"to hold and go\") in Japanese, right?\nLikewise, you can say 宿題をやる when it's only about doing the homework, but you\nusually have to say 宿題をやってくる when it's said in a classroom. Even English\nspeakers must distinguish \"to hold\" and \"to bring\" appropriately, so let's\nthink of this as an extension of it.\n\nSimilar examples where てくる is almost mandatory:\n\n * 買い物に行ってきます。 \nI'll go shopping (and bring things home).\n\n * 庭の様子を見てきます。 \nI'll go check on the garden (and bring useful information here).\n\n * 窓を閉めてきます。 \nI'll close the windows (and come back here soon).\n\n寒くなってくる describes a gradual temporal change, which is another important\nfunction of てくる but is not directly related to the sentence in question.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-07T02:05:39.317", "id": "95302", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-07T02:12:50.167", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-07T02:12:50.167", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95301", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> 岬が海に突き出している。\n>\n> 岬が海に突き出ている。\n\nThese two sentences describe the same scene. However, the one with 出る sounds\nmore natural as an objective description to me. The one with 出す sounds a bit\nlike the cape is sticking itself out of its own volition, giving the sentence\na literary feel.\n\n> 天然水が地下深くから湧き出している。\n>\n> 天然水が地下深くから湧き出ている。\n\nThe same thing can be said about this pair, but to a much lesser degree. The\nsentence with 出す sounds only slightly more dynamic. I get a feeling that the\npart of the scene where the water is coming out is zoomed in on. The\ndifference is subtle, though. This is probably because water is expected to\nmove on its own unlike a cape.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-08T15:56:26.833", "id": "95321", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-08T15:56:26.833", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "95306", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "I think the explanation you are looking for is actually in that answer you\nlinked, but I see your struggle and I understand why this word's exact\nmeanings are difficult to grasp, so I am going to give it another crack.\nAdverbs are hard. A lot of adverbs don't have good equivalents in other\nlanguages and are hard to explain cross-linguistically. And ともすれば is\ndefinitely one of them. The English definitions given by bilingual English\nJapanese dictionaries are useless in this case, because the \"apt to, liable\nto, prone to\" definition is nothing if not confusing. But I'd like to draw\nyour attention to what @naruto says here:\n\n> In your examples, ともすれば is effectively weakening the meaning of そうになる\n\nIn some cases ともすれば effectively translates as \"sometimes\" \"in some cases\"\n\"tend to\" or even \"may\" \"maybe\" \"perhaps\". What really complicates the issue\nhere is ともすれば often co-occurs with そう and がち. For example:\n\n> 現代では忘れられる \n> Nowadays it is forgotten (by people)\n\n> 現代では忘れられがち \n> Nowadays it is easy to get forgotten (by people)\n\n> 現代ではともすれば忘れられがち \n> Nowadays it sometimes tends to be forgotten (by people)\n\nAs you can see, all these terms are hedge words that weaken the assertion made\nin the statement. I would render your sentence something like this:\n\n> 単なる激怒や怒声とも違う、ともすれば子供じみた感情そのままの発露 \n> It was not simply fury or angry shouting either, **perhaps** just giving\n> vent to childish emotion.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-08T05:51:04.507", "id": "95315", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-08T16:55:50.360", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-08T16:55:50.360", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95308", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "In ～ないでくれる _not_ doing the verb is considered beneficial to the speaker, as\nyour example illustrates (見捨てる is not generally a good thing), while in ～てくれない\nthe verb itself would be a good thing but they're not doing it - like\n「なんで一緒に行ってくれないの？」\n\nIf they're used in requests, also, ～ないでくれる？ is asking someone _not_ to do\nsomething (「そんな目で見ないでくれる？」), whereas ～てくれない？ is just a politer way of phrasing\n～てくれる？ (「お皿洗ってくれない？」)\n\nIf he had said 見捨ててくれねえ it would have confusingly sounded like he thought it\nwould have been a good thing if they had, and then immediately contradicting\nhimself.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-07T18:51:31.600", "id": "95311", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T12:10:55.093", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T12:10:55.093", "last_editor_user_id": "9971", "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "95309", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Another example that confuses learners is ～ないでいる. How is this different from\n～ていない？\n\nWhen you add ～ない and make a negative verb, you are actually making a new,\nindependent word that means \"to not ～\". ～ないで is the te-form of that new verb.\n\nYou can rewrite the two like this: 「見捨てない」ことを「くれる」and 「見捨てる」ことを「くれない」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-07T20:53:01.660", "id": "95312", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-07T21:22:39.647", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-07T21:22:39.647", "last_editor_user_id": "48769", "owner_user_id": "48769", "parent_id": "95309", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Your guess is mostly correct while your parsing is wrong. も is the particle\n\"also\" and うかがえる is 伺える \"can see\", potential form of\n[うかがう](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BC%BA%E3%81%86/#jn-18016). So\nどこか“無垢”な様子もうかがえる“喜び” is _joy in which you can also see innocence somehow_\n\nAs for the second sentence, it is a long noun phrase where この言葉 is modified by\nthe preceding この....混じった. With A=この....妖しい\"悦び\" and B=どこか...\"喜び\", it is _Those\nwords where A and B are mixed_. (Or the starting この can be understood as a\nduplicate of この of the last この言葉 and A=妖しい“悦び”.)\n\nOn the difference of 喜び/悦び, usually in the modern usage, the former means\nneutrally \"joy/happiness\" whereas the latter often has the connotation of\necstasy. So, for example, おもちゃをもらった子供が悦んでいる usually looks odd. I've heard this\nkind of distinction is generally/historically not well founded, though.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-08T08:06:56.093", "id": "95316", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-08T08:06:56.093", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95310", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This word is probably mostly used as Internet slang and anime-niched Japanese.\nThe meaning of the sentence is something along the lines of\n\n> Because I heard they were going to release メイドインアビス's second season today, I\n> dashed off a drawing of ファプタ\n\nNote that the temporal adverbial 今日から connects with and modifies 始まる, so it's\nabout when the new anime season will start airing. Yes, you could say \"they\nwould release\" too, talking about something happening in the future from a\npoint in the past.\n\n殴り描き is a word used to describe drawings and sketches that are done in haste.\nSimilar words include 殴り書き (scribbling, to scribble), 書き散らす, 書き散らし (also\nscribbling, to scribble). The 殴り part is just a metaphorical way to describe\nthe messiness and carelessness with which the drawings or writing are done, so\nmessy that it is almost violent. This is actually an example of 謙遜表現 and\nalmost always used by the author themself to show their modesty. \"My drawings\nare badly done.\" It's like how people always say, 字が汚い when they show their\nhandwriting. See:\n\n> 乱雑にがしぐしと描き殴ったイラスト。\n> 概ね、投稿者の謙遜によるタグである。([source](https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E6%AE%B4%E3%82%8A%E6%8F%8F%E3%81%8D))\n\n>\n> 殴るかのように乱暴に字を書く、乱雑に書く、といった意味の表現。([source](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%AE%B4%E3%82%8A%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D))", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-08T01:27:45.507", "id": "95314", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-08T02:48:22.490", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-08T02:48:22.490", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95313", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "In high school, among boys groups,they never use さん and くん each other since\nthey can talk casually. Even if they are not friendly each other,they don’t\nuse さん (they might use くん in this case,though).\n\nBut when they talk with girl students, they use さん. ESPECIALLY when they call\nthe girl’s first name,they use さん not to be regarded as so intimate with each\nother.\n\nAnd,some instructors who are elderly often use くん regardless of gender not to\nmake a difference between boy and girl.\n\nSo…in conclusion,we can’t distinguish between male or female just from さん and\nくん words strictly.\n\nBut in high school,we are using ちゃん mainly for girls. So when you read ちゃん in\nnovel, this character is most likely female. But there is an exception like\nfollowing one.\n\nSometimes,they call boy nickname+chan This way to use chan is used for\nexpressing intimacy.\n\nEx, Yamada kun→ Yama cha But in high school,we are using ちゃん mainly for girls.\nSo when you read ちゃん in novel, this character is most likely. But there is an\nexception.\n\nSometimes, boy sutudent’s nickname can be nicknamed like\n\n> Yamada kun→Yama chan\n\n(Not in high school but in normal situations,chan can be used for little\nchildren like 赤ちゃん(akachan)=baby regardless of gender.This word can be used to\ncall cute persons or creatures.)\n\nAnd in fact,it’s very difficult to understand and explain completely even\nJapanese native speaker…", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T06:38:39.757", "id": "95363", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T12:15:28.210", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T12:15:28.210", "last_editor_user_id": "51900", "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95318", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "> 掃除洗濯も得意ですよ 姉様より\n\nConsidering the provided context, it's a colloquial 倒置 (inversion/anastrophe)\nof:\n\n> 掃除洗濯も、姉さまより得意ですよ。 \n> (or 姉さまより掃除洗濯も得意ですよ。)\n\nThis kind of 倒置 frequently occurs in daily colloquial speech in real life.\n\nFor examples of 倒置 in conversation:\n\n * [Function of に and meaning of ものだ in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17616/9831)\n * [Understanding もな](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/91309/9831)\n * [Two に with 行かれて](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/58185/9831)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-10T01:07:08.830", "id": "95334", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-10T01:55:32.107", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-10T01:55:32.107", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95319", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "You are right that もの can be dropped in the sentence.\n\nIt may be called redundant but should be very common, e.g. in a construction\nlike ～ものと思われます instead of ～と思われます.\n\n[The following\nmeaning](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE/#jn-219726) is\nthe relevant one.\n\n> ５ 他の語句を受けて、その語句の内容を体言化する形式名詞。\n>\n> ㋐判断などを強調して示す。「負けたのがよほどくやしかった―と見える」「何をされるかわかった―じゃない」", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-08T22:44:30.750", "id": "95326", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-08T22:44:30.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95320", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "デジタル大辞泉 has the following entry for\n[ばあちゃんこ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%A5%96%E6%AF%8D%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%93%E5%AD%90/#jn-291698)\n(which I think is rarer than おばあちゃんこ)\n\n> 家族のなかで、特に祖母のことが好きな子。または、特に祖母にかわいがられている子。おばあちゃん子。\n\nIt means kids who like Grandmother most. Sometimes it is used also in the\nsense that the kid is brought up mostly by Grandmother rather than (busy)\nparents.\n\nSimilarly お兄ちゃん子 should mean the kid likes the brother very much, more than\nparents.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-08T22:36:55.290", "id": "95325", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-08T22:36:55.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95322", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "In my understanding of the [Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96), it is ultimately\narbitrary what is a radical of a character (as long as it is a part of the\ncharacter).\n\nThe purpose of radicals is to provide indexes to Chinese characters in a\ndictionary. What is defined to be the index for a particular character is its\nradical. As such, a radical of a character can be different from dictionary to\ndictionary.\n\nFor example, a Chinese dictionary 康煕字典 and a Japanese Kanji dictionary 新字源\ndiffer in what is the radical of 飲. The former lists 飲 as 食部4画 and the latter\nas 欠部8画 (the Wikipedia article lists some more).\n\nSo for your question,\n\n> What makes a component of a character a radical, and what distinguishes that\n> from a \"part\"?\n\nIt is dictionary editors' decision that makes a component a radical. The\ndifference is only that it is defined to be a radical.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-08T22:31:32.837", "id": "95324", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-08T22:31:32.837", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95323", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "The difference lies in the original Japanese and Chinese terminology in Kanji\nstudies. Radical corresponds to 部首{ぶしゅ}, whereas \"part\" roughly means\n偏旁{へんぼう}. Your confusion apparently stems from the difference between 偏旁 and\n部首.\n\nThe first thing you need to know is what 偏旁 is. There is no exactly English\nequivalent, at least within the realm of layman terminology. It is usually\ntranslated as \"part\" or \"component\" in English. A part or component, as the\nwords themselves suggest, is what you get when you try and take apart a kanji.\nAs per [Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E6%97%81):\n\n>\n> 偏旁{へんぼう}とは、漢字の字体を構成する要素の一つで、左右上下内外の部分に分解できる要素をいう。偏や旁を総合して言う。冠と脚をあわせて偏旁冠脚{へんぼうかんきゃく}ともいう。\n\nAll the 偏旁 are well studied and usually well defined—although there have been\nhistorical changes, for example 肉->月, and cross-linguistic and regional\nvariations among the kanji used in Japan, mainland China, Hong Kong, and\nTaiwan, but that's outside the scope of this question. So the \"child\ncomponents\" you mentioned are all 偏旁. The study of 偏旁 is historically rooted\nand goes back centuries. As Wikipedia suggests, a comprehensive study of 偏旁\nwas done as early as 1716:\n\n> 現在の偏旁冠脚は、基本的に『康煕字典』（1716年完成）を使っている。\n\n部首 is coded so as to help dictionaries index kanji. Chinese dictionaries and\nJapanese kanji dictionaries list and index kanji by what's called 部首. If you\nare confused about radicals, 部首 is your guy.\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96):\n\n> 部首（ぶしゅ、英語:\n> Radical）とは、漢字を分類する際に用いられる漢字の一部分である。また、それによる分類の、各グループである。部首による分類では、全ての漢字に一つの部首が割振られる。\n\n部首, as used by dictionaries, is a modern thing and it is so designed that\nevery kanji at least belongs to and falls under the category of one 部首, and\nbecause of that dictionaries can use 部首 to index all the kanji. 部首 as\n@sundowner explains is variously defined and coded in different dictionaries\nand different countries.\n\nThe reason that in a word you only see one radical is that's how it's\ndesigned, in order to avoid confusion and to follow the general rule that one\nkanji can only have one set radical 部首. A component may be a 部首 in one kanji,\nbut a non-部首 component in another. Admittedly this categorization is not\nwithout randomness, arbitrariness, and contradiction. That's why you may see\ndifferences among different countries and different dictionaries.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-09T06:50:16.827", "id": "95329", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-09T07:43:34.083", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-09T07:43:34.083", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95323", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "寝ぼけた事 means things you say after you 寝ぼけた, like when you just wake up, your\nmind still wandering in dreamland, in a state of half-asleep, half-awake. A\nclose synonym is 寝言, literally sleep talk. Both can also mean, and often mean,\nnonsense. Here you don't have to look at 寝ぼけた事 too literally. It is a set\nphrase. Just know it means nonsense or stupid things.\n\n> 何寝ボケた事言ってんだおめえ \n> What the heck are you talking about?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-09T05:47:25.987", "id": "95328", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-09T05:47:25.987", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95327", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Here 残念な means not \"unfortunate\" but something like \"disappointing\",\n\"pathetic\", \"unsatisfactory\", \"poor\" or \"trying hard but useless\". 残念な(人) in\nthis context refers to an embarrassing/pathetic person who is behaving like\nLilia.\n\n> もしかして、なりきってる残念な(人)……じゃなくて本物のレイヤーか？ \n> Maybe she is not a (mere) pathetic person but a true (professional)\n> cosplayer (behaving like Lilia)?\n\nSo MC initially thought she was just a strange person wearing a strange\ncostume in a smartphone shop. Then he changed his mind and started to think\nshe is a capable professional (because she spoke exactly like Lilia and even\nknew his smartphone was broken).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-11T01:00:09.683", "id": "95342", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-11T02:09:25.693", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-11T02:09:25.693", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95330", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I feel like 頑張ってる has two meanings. The first meaning is, as you said, \"I'm\ndoing my best\" and the second is \"I'm trying to make it\". For example, you can\nsay「宿題頑張るよ」in the sense of \"I'll finish my homework.\" I think the latter\nmeaning is more common in many cases.\n\nNow, let us consider「今、頑張ってるから、なんとかするよ」. I feel the latter more and 頑張ってる\nbecomes almost identical to なんとかする in this context. It's a bit awkward to\nconnect the same passages with a causal relationship, right? So to speak, it's\nlike saying \"I will make it because I'm trying to make it\". This is the reason\nwhy you can't use なんとかするよ.\n\nFurthermore, it's possible that the speaker is cheering up someone else.\n\n> A「もうだめだ。僕にこの仕事は向いてないのかもしれない」\n\n> B「大丈夫だよ。今、君は頑張ってるから、なんとかなるよ」\n\nIn this case, なんとかするよ is more unnatural and なんとかなるよ becomes the only option.\n\nUPDATE: なんとかなるよ has a nuance of \"It's going to be alright, mate\" and it's a\nterm used to be optimistic. なんとかする doesn't have this meaning at all and is\ntherefore inappropriate.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-09T16:42:45.200", "id": "95332", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-09T17:16:48.780", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-09T17:16:48.780", "last_editor_user_id": "19830", "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "95331", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "In both examples, しょ(う) is working as a reminder. The speaker _is_ thinking\nthe listener already knows the fact but has temporarily forgotten it. It's an\nextension of the しょう's basic role of seeking confirmation. It sounds slightly\naccusatory to me (∼ \"come on\", \"hey\").\n\n> 中鉢博士の会見は中止になったっ **しょ** \n> Dr. Nakabachi's press conference has been cancelled, **{hasn't it / huh /\n> you know / don't you remember}**?\n\nPlease look again at the past context. (But if I remember correctly, the\ntimeline around this 会見 is very tricky, so it may be intentional if there is\nsome mix-up in the conversation.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-10T07:58:03.460", "id": "95336", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-11T03:19:01.100", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-11T03:19:01.100", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95333", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I think naruto's answer is pretty good in this case, but I think it's also\nworth noting that でしょう (without か) quite often does not really express\n\"uncertainty\" as much as \"opinion\"/\"belief\", so it is sometimes used even when\npeople are stating things they are actually very sure of, simply to make it\nclear that regardless of how sure they are, they are only expressing their\nopinion or understanding of a matter (which they still believe is correct),\nbut not trying to present themselves as some sort of authority on the\nsituation (e.g. \"I'm pretty sure it was cancelled (unless you have some new\ninformation I wasn't aware of?)\").\n\nI would also note that in your second example, she is using the word 人, not\n人間. That is, as I understand it, she is not actually saying \"she's not human\"\n(人間じゃない) (which would be an established fact), but rather she's saying more\n\"she's not a person (like us)\" (because she's not human). That's really a much\nmore subjective opinion, not a provable fact, which I think is part of the\nreason for using でしょう there too.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-13T00:18:26.457", "id": "95382", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-13T00:18:26.457", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "95333", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "When you say 今日暑いです that would simply mean that it is hot today. But if you\nsay 今日は暑いです you are comparing today to some other day. So, it may mean it is\nhot today, but it was not hot yesterday. The form without は does not have that\nnuance.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-10T14:34:52.210", "id": "95338", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-10T14:34:52.210", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "40768", "parent_id": "95335", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Just remember and apply the basic rule. と after an onomatopoeia is always an\nadverbifying suffix, and it never forms an adjective. You should look for the\nnext **verb** , which is 締め付ける in this sentence. It's the verb that\ncorresponds to プリプリと.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-11T03:06:23.037", "id": "95344", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-11T03:06:23.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95339", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "夜更かし is the modern standard spelling, and 夜更し is an abbreviated spelling. The\nlatter is inappropriate in modern newspaper articles and such, but may have a\nliterary or traditional flavor. The meaning stays exactly the same.\n\nMany words with okurigana have one or more nonstandard abbreviated spellings.\n夜更し is just one of thousands of many similar examples. See:\n\n * [Why can some words be written with or without okurigana? How do the uses differ?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/6242/5010)\n * [Is there a lingustic term for okurigana omission?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43055/5010)\n * [How is 向 pronounced in 男性向同人?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38845/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-11T02:55:51.870", "id": "95343", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-11T02:55:51.870", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95340", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "You are right, the って is the same as っていう as a colloquial version of という.\n\nJust like [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/54774/45489),\nどうしたって is a version of どうしたというのか. So the sentence is literally like _Hey you,\nwhat about \"bullying\"?_\n\nThe last ぇ simply expresses that て is pronounced with prolonged vowel.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-11T09:45:23.473", "id": "95348", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-11T09:45:23.473", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95345", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "であって is the te-form of [である](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36305/5010),\nsomething often called a literary copula. 宝であって宝でなくなる (or 宝であり宝ではなくなる) means\n\"While (still) being a treasure, it will no longer be a treasure\". He's saying\nthat, without this part, the puzzle-like thing will no longer work as a\ntreasure although it may still look like a treasure. In other words,\napparently a treasure but essentially not a treasure.\n\n**EDIT:** `AであってAで(は)ない` is a pattern that means \"technically A, but lacks an\nessential quality expected on A\" or \"technically A, but fundamentally\ndifferent from what people typically think of A\". For example, あの人は親であって親ではない\nmay imply this person is legally a parent but does nothing a parent is\nexpected to do. 私であって私ではない感覚 is a typical description of depersonalization.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-11T09:41:10.437", "id": "95347", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T04:27:23.430", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T04:27:23.430", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95346", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The わけ works like an ending particle for question, mostly replaceable by の.\n\nExamples:\n\n * こんなところで魚なんか釣れるわけ？ = こんなところで魚なんか釣れるの？\n * どこいってたわけ？= どこいってたの？\n * 何してたわけ？ = 何してたの？\n\nBoth are mostly the same in meaning, but の generally sounds softer and わけ can\nsound emphasizing doubt of the speaker, or sometimes can add blaming tone.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-11T22:30:33.620", "id": "95353", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-11T22:30:33.620", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95349", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "わけ (in kanji 訳) means\n\n① \"I heard... But are you sure that... (Is it true that...)? I doubt it\"\n\nor\n\n② \"How on earth...? I doubt it's possible.\"\n\nBoth of them are used for just emphasizing and the situation when the speaker\nis little bit angry.\n\nEx sentences \n①type\n\n> この辺に来ればお金がもらえると聞いたけど、本当なわけ？ \n> I heard I can get some money when I come to here around. But is it true? (I\n> doubt it)\n\n②type\n\n> 私たちの家からこんな遠くまで来て、どうやって帰るわけ？ \n> We came to this place far away from our house. But how on earth can we go\n> home? (I doubt it’s possible)\n\nBut 「〜わけね、〜わけなのね、〜わけなのか」means \"I see\" so be careful not to confuse with it.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T05:39:27.497", "id": "95360", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T06:57:06.630", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T06:57:06.630", "last_editor_user_id": "51900", "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95349", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "* In my opinion, 留学いたしました and 留学しました are both okay in a self-introduction. The former may be preferred in some companies, but from my experience, a boss in a research facility tends not to expect you to use stiff humble language like this. YMMV.\n * If you are in doubt, don't use ～でございます, and stick to ～です. ございます is still used at some classy hotels and restaurants (as well as fantasy manga and such), but it is usually an overkill in a job interview. But having one or two ございます wouldn't hurt if your Japanese is fluent enough.\n * An expression of [自発](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42680/5010) like 考えられます/思われます does not have a humble version. It's already indirect enough because the existence of the \"thinker\" is obscure in this form. To introduce an already accepted idea in your field, you can safely say ～であると考えられます (\"It is believed that ～\"). Even when you want to express your own opinion, ～であると考えます (\"I believe/think ～\") is enough in an academic context. There are humble versions of 思います/考えます (推察いたします, 存じます, 愚考します, etc.), but these are mainly for respectful business letters, not academic talks.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T01:41:23.057", "id": "95355", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T01:55:18.297", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T01:55:18.297", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95351", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "留学いたしました is little bit too formal for a speech I think. 留学しました is the best for\nspeech because former one which is using 謙譲語 style word is mainly used for the\nsituation to introduce yourself to the people who are high status or when you\nwrite formal letter. Ex,to your boss or president. Most of Japanese people\nusually use these type of word not to make rudeness against these high status\npeople.But we are using latter one just for behave politely as an adult person\nor as common sense. So if you want to use these word for self-introduction\nspeech,latter one is more adequate. 考えられる 思われる these type of word are used for\navoiding responsibility when your opinion or hypothesis turn out to wrong. And\nthese words can be used for 自発. This grammar is difficult even for Japanese\nnative speaker. You can only see these words in novel. Here is a example\nsentence. 彼女と会うと、夏の記憶が自然と思い出される。\n\n(When I meet with her,I recall the memories of summer spontaneously.)[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V47iR.jpg)\n\nThe important point is “not intentionally” but “spontaneously” This type of\ngrammar often used for 思う. It can be used for 考える but it is little bit rarer\nthan former one. And when you find “自然と” （definition: by nature or\nspontaneously）this word before verb, you should suspect that this case might\nbe 自発. And there are no 謙譲語 for these words. You can used 丁寧語 instead of these\nwords for speech. 丁寧語 is much enough I think me personally. And hopefully,this\npicture helps you to understand 敬語 Keigo deeply.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T04:53:55.777", "id": "95357", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T04:53:55.777", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95351", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, at the grammar level, 外国の人【ひと】 is made of three words (\"person of (a)\nforeign-country\"), whereas 外国人【がいこくじん】 is a fixed compound meaning\n\"foreigner\".\n\nThe difference is not large, but only 外国人 is suitable as a legal or academic\nterm. On the other hand, 外国の人 may sound a bit friendlier in informal\nconversations, so people sometimes intentionally choose this despite its\nlength. They also say 外国の方 in respectful speech.\n\nYou're not asking about this, but there is also 外人, which was a safe and\nneutral word in the past but is now sometimes considered sensitive. See: [Why\nis gaikokujin more politically correct than\ngaijin?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4131/5010) Perhaps, one of the\nreasons why Japanese people today often use the longest expression (外国の人) in\nconversations is that 外人 is no longer available as the first choice.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T01:17:39.253", "id": "95354", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T01:51:26.887", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T01:51:26.887", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95352", "post_type": "answer", "score": 14 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes Japanese use “T-pose” as well to explain like that situation. But this bug\nis not popular in Japan. So when you tell Japanese native speaker about it,\nthey would be confused.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T05:02:19.367", "id": "95358", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T05:02:19.367", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95356", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "従兄妹 is one of the kanji representations the word いとこ can take. Others include:\n従兄/従妹/従弟/従姉/従兄弟/従姉弟/従姉妹. The two kanji words refer to one person whose kin\nrelationship to the person of reference is cousin, namely person A is a cousin\nto person B. The three kanji words refer to 2 or more people being cousins (to\none another).\n\nWhen you add the word 同士 the combined phrase has more of an emphasis on the\npeople involved being on equal footing, e.g. they are cousins (every member of\nthis group is a cousin to the rest.) Another example is 恋人同士. When you say\nthis you try to stress the fact that the two people are lovers and whatever\nhappens is between lovers. You didn't include enough context or even a\ncomplete sentence in your question for us to explain to you the meaning.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T05:42:38.653", "id": "95361", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T05:42:38.653", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95359", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Yes. It means cousin.\n\n従兄弟(male and male)、従姉妹(female and female)、従兄妹(Male and female) all of these\npronunciations are “Itoko” and meaning is uncle’s or aunt’s child.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T05:52:14.220", "id": "95362", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T05:52:14.220", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95359", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "We use this word not only in くそが but also in phrases like 「馬鹿が、アホが、お調子者が」,\nright after the swearwords.\n\n〜が is used for stronger resentment or malignance or just to emphasize.\n\nGrammatically, it is classified as a sentence-ending particle (終助詞) in\nJapanese.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T07:38:21.050", "id": "95366", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-13T00:32:51.960", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-13T00:32:51.960", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95365", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Umm It’s not dialect. It’s another way to say だと？ in Japanese.\n\nSo だ？ means almost same as だと？\n\nIntonation is different from each other.だ？ is like raising the end of the word\ngradually.\n\nAnd だ? is interchangeable with だぁ？ だって？ だと？ etc", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T08:19:03.913", "id": "95369", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T08:25:53.900", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T08:25:53.900", "last_editor_user_id": "51900", "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95368", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "First, let me say that this usage of と is noticeable even to native speakers\nwho have read dozens of modern novels. Still, if I have to analyze this, I\nwould take this as the \"と for resultant form\". This is probably the same と as\nin 露と消える, 無用の長物と化す, 災い転じて福と成す, etc. That is, the sound of the engine ended up\nbeing something like a war cry (鬨の声). In modern Japanese, this type of と is\nusually found mainly in fixed phrases including the ones listed above. It\nwould look very stilted if used outside fixed phrases.\n\nAnother possibility is \"と for similarity\" in classical Japanese; according to\n古語 dictionaries, [と meant \"like ～\" in the\npast](https://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A8) (e.g. 秋風と聞こゆる = 秋風のように聞こえる).\nBut I feel such a usage was not very common even in the past.\n\nYou have asked a similar question from the same novel: [Do both と and に mean\n\"become\" here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/94158/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-13T01:00:34.437", "id": "95383", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-13T01:09:30.397", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-13T01:09:30.397", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95370", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Former ones which means “to the point of” completely interchangeable.\n\nBut latter one is not. Because,these two word’s definitions are\nstrictly,little bit different each other.\n\n“さえ” this intention is to refer to something that is minimally expected. “まで”\nis intended to refer to something that has a more important element.\n\n> Ex さえ:一番に賛成してくれると思っていた母さえ私の結婚に反対した。(I thought at least,my mother would agree\n> with me,but~) まで:一番に賛成してくれると思っていた母まで私の結婚に反対した。(My father and brother didn’t\n> agree with me. Besides,my mother didn’t~)\n\n> Ex さえ:この料理は簡単だ。料理の苦手なわたしでさえ失敗しなかった。(This cooking is easy.because “me”who is\n> not good at cooking succeeded.) まで:この料理は簡単だ。料理の苦手なわたしまで失敗しなかった。(This cooking\n> is easy.Because other people succeeded in usual,but additionally,I succeeded\n> too.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T16:36:16.907", "id": "95374", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T16:36:16.907", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95372", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, as you said, except “ha” 空は青いと思います is supposed to translate into “Sora wa\naoi to omoimasu” grammatically.(Sora wa is correct in terms of\npronunciation,and as a expression of particle.) Maybe Google translator\ncouldn’t distinguish the border between word and word precisely.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T22:38:44.807", "id": "95379", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T23:11:44.717", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T23:11:44.717", "last_editor_user_id": "51900", "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95375", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "First, regarding your second question (which is actually much easier to\nanswer), the apostrophe is typically used to avoid ambiguity when a particular\ncombination of latin letters could actually indicate two different possible\nways of writing things in kana. For example, if I write \"nya\" in romaji, is\nthat supposed to indicate にゃ, or んや? Not everyone uses the apostrophes\nreliably, but when they do, にゃ would be \"nya\" and んや would be \"n'ya\" to keep\nthe distinction clear. (In some cases, particularly with automated\ntransliteration, though, systems will just always include an apostrophe after\nん (n') to always remove any possible ambiguity without having to have\ncomplicated logic about looking at what actually comes after it and figure out\nwhether it's actually needed or not, so that's how you sometimes get things\nlike \"nihon'nouta\" which does not technically need it, but uses it anyway\n(though that always just kinda feels sloppy to me, personally))\n\nRegarding use of spaces, there are some common conventions, but actually no\nhard rules, and different transcribers will often choose to do things somewhat\ndifferently. Some of the things that I think are pretty common in general are\nthings like:\n\n * Spaces are placed after most particles\n * Spaces are placed before starting any new noun, initial verb, adjective, or adverb.\n\nHowever, some differences which I have seen:\n\n * Some transcribers will choose to put a space between a word and its following particle, but some will include the particle on the end of the preceding word.\n * Some will put spaces between a て-form verb and another verb which follows it, but some do not.\n * Some will separate \"helper verbs\" from the main verb they are attached to, and some do not.\n * Some will separate verb endings (such as \"imasu\") from their verbs, and some consider them to all be part of the same word.\n * I have sometimes seen two words joined by の as being written all together without spaces, though I think this is not that common.\n * I have sometimes seen some particles such as と attached to the front of the verb that follows them, when it is a commonly used combination (for example, \"toomoimasu\")\n\nPersonally, I prefer separating particles entirely, and treating て-form verbs\nas their own words separate from what comes after them most of the time, but\nif something is using a common convention of helper verbs (いく/くる/もらう/etc)\nwhich are written in hiragana (not kanji) to indicate they are being used as\nhelpers, then I will include them with the main verb as part of the same\n\"word\". I also always keep verb endings/etc attached to their base as part of\nthe same word.\n\n(I also tend to transcribe the particle は as \"wa\", を as \"o\", etc, because IMHO\nromaji transcriptions are mostly useful for reading/pronunciation by people\nwho are not well versed in Japanese, and therefore it is more generally useful\nto write things as they are actually pronounced, not based on some arbitrary\nwriting convention about how particular kana are used by Japanese speakers,\nbut again, there is no hard convention on this and different people do it\ndifferent ways)\n\nSo I would personally write 空は青いと思います in romaji as \"sora wa aoi to omoimasu\",\nbut it's also arguably not possible to call Google's version \"wrong\" either,\nbecause there is really no absolute standard of correctness here, and lots of\nthis is a matter of interpretation or personal (or mechanical) preference...", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T23:35:58.603", "id": "95381", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T23:35:58.603", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "95375", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "[浮つく](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%B5%AE%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8F/#jn-21347)\nis different from 浮く.\n\n> ［動カ五（四）］うきうきして落ち着かなくなる。また、軽薄な感じがする。「気持ちが―・いて仕事に集中できない」「―・いた交際」\n\nIt means _to be restless, buoyant, in high spirits_.\n\nSo the latter part of the sentence literally says _Her back looked somewhat in\nhigh spirits._ Simply put, it says she radiates happiness in such a way that\nit is recognizable even from behind.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T22:23:00.990", "id": "95377", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T22:23:00.990", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95376", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "浮つく（うわつく）（interchangeable with 上付く）\n\n気がうきうきしておちつかない。また、軽薄な感じがする。 (From kojien dictionary 広辞苑)\n\nDefinition: ①軽薄 to be inconstant, to be frivolous. ②うきうきして落ち着かない feeling\nrestless\n\nThis verb is composed from 浮く It means literally “to float” So,浮つく contains\n“not stable” like this meaning implicitly.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-12T22:33:53.053", "id": "95378", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-12T22:52:07.687", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-12T22:52:07.687", "last_editor_user_id": "51900", "owner_user_id": "51900", "parent_id": "95376", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "That meme has never been popular in Japan. It's possible to translate it as an\nordinary sentence, but it's probably impossible to convert it to a Japanese\njoke that has a similar fixed pattern.\n\nFor example, if we give up on it being a snowclone, an equivalent of \"Born to\nfish, forced to work\" might be something like the following:\n\n * 釣りをするために生まれ、生きるために働く\n * 生まれながらの釣り人、現実は永遠の社畜\n * 釣りのための人生、生きるための労働\n * 我が人生は釣りのため、我が労働は金のため\n * 釣り師として生を受け、今は単なる会社の犬\n * 釣りだけして生きるのが理想、労働だけして生きるのが現実\n * 理想は[太公望](https://gogen-yurai.jp/taikoubou/)、現実は社畜\n\nI tried to make it as humorous and interesting as possible as an SNS profile,\nthough there is no guarantee as to how far I have succeeded.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-14T00:05:38.690", "id": "95395", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-14T03:07:58.150", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-14T03:07:58.150", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95385", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "逃げる is 一段動詞, 知る is 五段動詞. So negating 知る we get 知らない⇒知らん, but that's not what's\nhappening with 逃げる here. That's 逃げられる, the potential or passive form. Since\nyou said this was from 進撃の巨人, I assume it's more likely potential 可能形. The\noriginal is probably:\n\n> 逃げら **れ** なかったんだって\n\nAs for the change from 逃げられなかった⇒逃げらんなかった, see this canonical answer:\n\n[Why is the て-form being used before\nん？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61958/30454)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-13T07:04:29.323", "id": "95387", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-13T07:04:29.323", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95386", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The primary translation for 大変 in a context like this is, as [jisho.org\nsays](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%89), _difficult_ , _hard_ ,\n_challenging_ or _tough_. Something complicated is usually also challenging to\ndeal with, but the opposite is not necessarily true. Something simple (like\nwashing your hands before each meal) can often be tough, too. But I won't say\n\"thing are complicated for quintuplets\" is a mistranslation, either; it's\nperfectly understandable as a free translation.\n\n\"Adnominal\" means \"noun-modifying\", just as \"adverbial\" means \"verb-\nmodifying\". 複雑 is a na-adjective, so its noun-modifying form is naturally 複雑な.\n五つ子心 (read いつつごごころ; こころ becomes ごころ due to\n[rendaku](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2526/5010)) is a noun phrase\nmeaning \"mind(set) of quintuplets\", so it has to be modified by the adnominal\nform of 複雑. The literal translation is \"(Oh what a) complicated mindset of\nquintuplets...\".", "comment_count": 10, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-13T18:11:56.583", "id": "95391", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-13T18:17:47.393", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-13T18:17:47.393", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95388", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Where did you see `bxdrpcqazwsui1`? It is not a truly random string. It's what\nyou get when you try to input こさしすせそたちつてとなにぬ (a part of [Japanese\nalphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana#Table_of_hiragana)) using a\n[Japanese keyboard](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KB_Japanese.svg)\nwith the English mode accidentally turned on.\n\nThe full version (from あ to ん) would be\n`3E456TGH:BXDRPCQAZWSUI1,KFV2^-JN]/M789OL.;_0Y`.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-13T16:07:23.963", "id": "95390", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-13T16:12:34.177", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-13T16:12:34.177", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95389", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

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[ { "body": "For men it's a bit more acceptable to sound rude, and in some context it's\nexpected. (In a circle of close friends consisting of only men of similar age,\nfor example.) When middle-aged men talk \"normally\", they can be taken as well-\nmannered.\n\nThere are many various small things involved in the \"rude\" male talk. There\nare no simple rules. Examples that come to my mind:\n\n * end questions using -するか？ instead of -する？ (and of course not -しますか？)\n * say requests with してくれ instead of して, してほしい etc\n\nPerhaps watching a few yakuza movies might give you an idea. (But they can\noverdo in terms of rudeness.)\n\nThat said, languages change and I think this \"men can talk more rudely than\nwomen\" thing in Japanese is less present in younger generations than people in\ntheir 50s or older. It's safer to be too polite than too rude. In that sense,\nI wouldn't worry about it too much.\n\nAlso, do you use a higher vocal range when speaking in Japanese? (I know I\nsometimes do this unconsciously when speaking in my second language.) If so,\nthat can contribute to the impression of sounding less masculine.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-15T00:29:24.780", "id": "95405", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-15T03:45:06.100", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-15T03:45:06.100", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95396", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "There are a lot of ways to make yourself sound more masculine but the key is\nto do so in subtle ways that match your personality. You don't want to\nsuddenly transform into a Yankee or Yakuza overnight. So here are some more\nsubtle approaches that can match a neutral personality:\n\n 1. 1st-person pronoun: Use 僕 for most everyday speech (excluding formal situations) and if comfortable, 俺 around close friends and family\n 2. More assertive sentence endings: Add 〜んだ to the ends of assertive sentences, か to the ends of direct questions, and feel free to remove の from the ends of sentences to make it sound less soft\n\n> 彼は来ない(の)\n>\n> 彼は来ないんだ - _sounds more assertive and masculine_\n\n> これを使う？\n>\n> これを使うか？ - _sounds more direct and masculine_\n\n> 昨日はどうしたの？\n>\n> 昨日はどうした？ - _sounds less soft, more masculine_\n\n 3. Try substituting ね with な more often:\n\n> それはすごいね\n>\n> それはすごいな - _sounds more gruff and masculine_", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-18T20:01:54.987", "id": "95446", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-18T20:01:54.987", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14531", "parent_id": "95396", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Think of 語 as a suffix similar to _-ese_ (as in Japanese and Cantonese).\nUnlike English _-ese_ , it can attach to almost any noun, but you're basically\ncoining a new word that refers to a unique language by doing so. On the other\nhand, Aの言語 is a phrase that are made of several words and means \"language of\nA\" or \"language spoken by A\".\n\n犬語 (\"dogese\") is not a word listed in a dictionary, but it can be a valid\nexpression if dogs in your fictional work form a community and speak a\ndistinct language. If dogs speak English and can communicate with humans using\nEnglish, 犬語は英語だ (\"Dogese is English\") makes no sense, and you have to say\nsomething like この世界の犬の言語は英語だ (\"The language of dogs in this world is English\")\ninstead. 本語 (\"bookese\") may be valid if you're thinking of a fantasy world\nwhere books have a mouth and speak to one anther using a special language, but\nI personally have never seen a setting like this.\n\n(I also feel 青い人 is probably not what you want as the name for a specific\ntribe/species, but it's a different story. You may be interested in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/59996/5010).)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-15T06:49:29.057", "id": "95412", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-15T07:14:50.777", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-15T07:14:50.777", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95398", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I think the linked page says it all more or less.\n\n 1. 知らず知らず is used when you started doing something (shedding tears) and it takes a while for you to notice what you are doing.\n\n 2. つい is used when you did things by habit or mistake, due to lack of contemplation.\n\n 3. うっかり is used when you did things by mistake or accident. Usually it is about doing things you are supposed not to do.\n\n 4. 思わず is used for instantaneous reactions.\n\nSo, as for the questions,\n\n 1. 本音を吐く is a short-term action and 知らず知らず is not natural. 本音を漏らす could work with 知らず知らず. (You are pretending at first, but gradually you start telling truths without intending it.)\n\n 2. It is a reaction.\n\n 3. I think it is subtle. For example, in a meeting you are not supposed to nod off, うっかりうとうとした is ok.\n\n 4. It is a typical situation for 知らず知らず. As the table suggests, うっかり is the only impossible one, because it is by no means something you shouldn't do.\n\n* * *\n\nつい and うっかり probably overlap most (ついうっかり is a common combination which is\ncloser to うっかり than つい), but just one explanatory example. Consider\n\n * ついお菓子を食べてしまった\n\nThis is natural when you think eating sweets is something you are (vaguely)\nguilty about.\n\n * うっかりお菓子を食べてしまった\n\nis natural when you are supposed to eat nothing for medical check, for\nexample.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-16T14:09:15.320", "id": "95425", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-16T14:09:15.320", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95399", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "What do you mean by short form? Usually that's another name for 辞書形｛じしょけい｝ or\nthe 'dictionary form', which くれる already is in itself. It's not an\nabbreviation, either; rather くれ is the irregular 命令形｛めいれいけい｝ 'imperative' of\nくれる. It's a little lighter as a command than 「ペンを貸せ」 would be, but not so much\nas 貸して or 貸してください", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-14T17:07:23.107", "id": "95402", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-14T17:19:00.837", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-14T17:19:00.837", "last_editor_user_id": "9971", "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "95401", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "You probably know \"食べていい?\" is parsed like \"Eat and okay?\" but means \"Can I eat\nit?\". Saying いい last may not seem natural at first sight, but this is a\nnatural word order in Japanese. You are seeing a similar structure here. This\nte-form is not technically a nominalizer but just \"and\". You can read it like\n\"I gave birth to Fuka and made a right decision (by doing it)\". But using a\nnominalizer and saying お母さん(が)風香(を)産んだ **の** (は)正解だったわ makes sense, too.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-14T23:18:37.153", "id": "95404", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-14T23:18:37.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95403", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "From TheDarkAngel135790 in\n[here](https://www.reddit.com/r/MamahahaTsurego/comments/w3ruhy/comment/igzod0l/?context=3):\n\n> Yea, it's something like that.\n>\n> They started calling each other by their given names because it's normal for\n> siblings to do that. To them, it was sign that they have gotten over their\n> relationship and now consider each other step siblings.\n>\n> But when they were actually dating, they never mustered up the courage to\n> call them with their given names. So they at that time called each other\n> Irido-kun and Ayai-san.\n>\n> But in this scene (which i presume is the scene where Mizuto pushes down\n> Yume) Mizuto is all but ready to throw away his identity of a step sibling\n> and revert back to his previous relationship with Yume. That's why he\n> whispers in her ear \"Ayai\" which can be seen as a sign that he is no longer\n> acknowledging her as his step sister but rather, his ex girlfriend. Yume\n> also ends up calling him \"Irido-kun\" going with the flow, and also showing\n> she is willing to accept Mizuto's advances", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T15:35:08.970", "id": "95495", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-22T15:35:08.970", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10230", "parent_id": "95406", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "I think it is an odd way to ask, but the structure is:\n\n * 14 は 10 と いくつ\n * 14 = 10 + ?\n\nso that it is essentially a subtraction.\n\nGrammatically, は is the subject marker and と is _and_ (In words, _14 is 10 and\nhow many?_ )", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-15T02:40:44.457", "id": "95408", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-15T04:05:05.157", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-15T04:05:05.157", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95407", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "> Is this to be understood only in the context? Assuming the と is conditional\n\nThe と is not conditional, and you can tell that from the word followed by the\nと.\n\n**The conditional と should follow 活用語の終止形/the terminal form of a conjugatable\nword** , such as verb, i/na-adjective, auxiliary, eg 「話す」「寒い」「静かだ」「〇〇だ」「～ない」.\nIt _cannot_ follow a 体言(unconjugatable word).\n\n> Eg. \n> **食べると** 太ってしまう \n> **明るいと** 眠れない \n> **静かだと** 勉強がはかどる \n> 佐藤さんが **いないと** 困る\n\nWhen と is attached to a 体言 (unconjugatable word) as in your example where と is\nattached to 「10」, it should be the case particle (格助詞). \nThe case particle と can attach to words of various part-of-speech (because of\nits quotative usage). It can be used for saying \"~ and ~\" (enumeration), \"with\n(someone)\", (same/different) as/from...\" (comparison), \"(saying)\nthat...\"(quotation), etc., as you probably know.\n\n> Eg. \n> **13と** 14 -- \"~ and ~\" ← と follows 体言 \n> **リンゴとバナナと** ヨーグルト -- \"~ and ~\" ← と follows 体言 \n> **妹と** 一緒に勉強する -- \"with (someone)\" ← と follows 体言 \n> **山田さんと** 同じクラス -- \"(same) as ~\" ← と follows 体言 \n> いや **だと** 言う -- \"(say) that...\" ← と can follow various words\n\nAnd as you can see, と in the sense \"~ and ~\" would make the most sense in your\nexample.\n\n* * *\n\n> \"14 **は** 10 **と** いくつ？\"\n\nI'd say the は is the topic marker, or the thematic は (主題の「は」).\n\n> _lit._ **As for** 14, 10 **and** how many (is it)?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-15T05:08:07.870", "id": "95409", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-16T00:53:56.007", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-16T00:53:56.007", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95407", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Nope, this does correspond to kana ending in -i. Look at loanwords such as\nインパクト \"impact\" [ˈɪmpækt]. So if your name were Rin [ɹɪn], that would\ncorrespond to リン.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-15T06:09:29.077", "id": "95411", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-15T06:09:29.077", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "95410", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Japanese has exactly five vowel sounds: //a//, //i//, //u//, //e//, and //o//.\n\nEnglish has eleven or twelve, maybe more, depending on your dialect, as\ncataloged [here at\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language#Vowels).\n\nSince 11 > 5, you're going to have some vowel sounds in English that just\ndon't have an exact match in Japanese. The best you can do is find a\nreasonably close approximation.\n\nFor purposes of the \"short I\" //ɪ// sound like in English _thin_ , the closest\nmatch in Japanese is the //i// sound as spelled using the kana starting from\nイ. This vowel with a preceding \"R\" would be spelled in katakana as リ.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-15T07:19:36.923", "id": "95413", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-15T07:19:36.923", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "95410", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The term from the Death Note manga is 横{ねんね}髑髏{どくろ}.\n\nProbably the original JP subs had furigana on 横 (due to ねんね not being a normal\nreading of that kanji), and the pirated version of the anime episode linked in\nyour question had some issue when ripping furigana, so both the kanji and\nfurigana ended up in-line.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cXTNj.jpg)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-15T23:38:10.650", "id": "95417", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-15T23:38:10.650", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "95414", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "1. Yes, 夢の中で目が覚める means waking up _within/inside_ a dream (but she is still in a dream; she has to wake up again to be truly awake). On the other hand, 夢に目が覚める means \"wake up {to / because of} a dream\". This に is always a [reason/cause marker](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/72043/5010). 目が覚める is not a verb of existence like ある, so it does not take に as a location marker. FWIW, 夢で目が覚める usually means the same thing as 夢に目が覚める, but it is technically ambiguous.\n 2. The basic meaning of (-て)みる is [\"try X-ing (to see what happens)\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19038/5010), not \"try to X\". This sentence is closer to \"I tried waking up\". That is, she usually don't wake up in similar situations, but this time she happened to wake up and had a chance to realize the fast heartbeat. She did not make any effort in order to wake up.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-15T23:57:01.927", "id": "95418", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-16T00:02:28.587", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-16T00:02:28.587", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95416", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "`V-てみる` literally means “do V and see.” Generally, both the action of the verb\nand the seeing are done by the same person. For example, 食べてみる means “eat\n(something) and see (how it goes or what it takes like).” In English, this\nidea might be expressed with “try eating …” It’s not the same as “try to eat\n…” because the eating is sure to happen and what’s uncertain is what will\nhappen after that.\n\n目が覚めてみる is irregular. I would say unidiomatic, at least in this context. 覚める\ndescribes an involuntary change of state, not something you intentionally do.\nI would never think this is supposed to mean “I tried waking up.” I would\nfirst try to break it up into 目が覚めて and 見る. If I’m not allowed to do that and\nhave to make some sense out of 覚めてみる, I would understand the part up to と as\nmeaning something like “now that I’m awake” or “once I wake up.” This is\nsimilar to how I understand 言われてみると.\n\nIn any case, it sounds unnatural to me.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-16T03:48:13.020", "id": "95420", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-16T03:48:13.020", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "95416", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "First, do you remember \"knew\" normally corresponds to 知っていた in Japanese? This\nis because 知る is basically an instant state-change verb that means \"to get to\nknow\" or \"to learn\". See: [For 知る what is the difference between the simple\npresent (知る) and 知っている\nforms?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36928/5010)\n\n * 彼はその本を知っている。 \nHe knows that book.\n\n * 彼はその本を知っていた。 \nHe knew that book.\n\n * 彼が知っている本 \nthe book he knows\n\n * 彼が知っていた本 \nthe book he knew\n\nTherefore, お前が知った俺ら is wrong, and you have to say お前が知っていた俺ら at least. This\nphrase is about お前's general understanding/knowledge about 俺ら, not a specific\nevent where お前 got to know 俺ら.\n\nNow, you are probably wondering why お前が知る俺ら is correct then. This is an\nexception. 知る somehow safely means \"know(s)\" in relative clauses. That is,\nAが知るB and Aが知っているB are roughly the same and both means \"B which/who A knows\"\nor \"B as A understands it/them\". Aが知るB sounds relatively more literary and\nstiffer.\n\n * 彼が知っている歴史 \n彼が知る歴史 \nthe history he knows / the history as he understands it\n\nLastly:\n\n * もうお前が知る俺らはいねえんだぞ。\n * もうお前が知っている俺らはいねえんだぞ。\n * もうお前が知っていた俺らはいねえんだぞ。\n\nThese three sentences all make sense, but the first two sound more natural\nbecause the problem is about お前's _current_ understanding about 俺ら. A more\nliteral translation is \"The people you think we are no longer exist\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-19T14:19:30.757", "id": "95458", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-19T14:25:23.520", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-19T14:25:23.520", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95421", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "Meaning: Those of the same clan/house (門) go through different doors (戸). The\nidea is that different members of the same family will not necessarily have\nthe same talents. This idiom is also similarly applied to situations like\nstudents of the same teacher; members of the same organization; etc.\n\nOrigins: It's the Japanese reading\n([書き下し文](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbun)) of the older Chinese 「同門而異戸」,\nfrom [揚子](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang_Xiong_\\(author\\))'s\n[法言](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayan_\\(book\\)), which was first published\nin 9 CE.\n\nThe somewhat irregular grammar also stems from that era of forcibly rendering\nChinese text into a Japanese word order.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-16T12:59:37.730", "id": "95424", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-16T12:59:37.730", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4229", "parent_id": "95422", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "First off, 「（X）は（Y)が妬ましい」 is the typical way to say '[X] envies [Y]', because\nthis is an adjective and not a verb - you can see this in other places too\nsuch as with 好き, 嫌い, and うらやましい.\n\nSecond, you are not taking the whole clause into account with 幸せな時間はなかった。\n\n> 「隠れ穴」での一ヵ月 **ほど** 、幸せな時間はなかった。\n\n> He [had] never had _such a happy time_ as his month at the Burrow.\n\nYou could add これまで to the start to clear away ambiguity but it's far from\nnecessary. ほど is used for certain comparisons.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-16T18:01:12.693", "id": "95428", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-16T18:07:54.937", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-16T18:07:54.937", "last_editor_user_id": "9971", "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "95427", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Short answer is that われ indicates she is speaking as a princess while わたくし is\na (very) polite _I_. So the shift exactly expresses that her memory is\nrecovered.\n\nIn terms of real usage, われ as a first person pronoun is obsolete. I cannot\nimagine anybody of any class using it in modern speech. In modern fictions, it\nis often used by noble people. わらわ is a feminine version. The choice of われ in\nthe particular case may suggest that the character has\nassertiveness/strength/masculinity.\n\nわれ is a standard pronoun in Kanbun-style writing, and as such it may be\npossibly used today in such texts (which are rare anyway).\n\nOn the other hand, わたくし is simply a polite reading of 私 and it is not\nsurprising that someone uses it in a formal enough setting.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-16T23:44:14.207", "id": "95431", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-16T23:44:14.207", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95430", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The subject of 使用する is implicit \"you\". で is a particle similar to _on_ , _at_\nor _with_. As a basic rule, something marked with it is never the subject of\nthe sentence.\n\n> これらのサイト **で** どのカラースキームを使用するか選択してください。 \n> Select which color scheme _you_ use **on** such sites.\n\nThis setting is related to [`prefers-color-\nscheme`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-\ncolor-scheme). Modern websites can detect if a user is using a dark mode and\nautomatically apply a dark theme. But users can turn this feature off and tell\nwebsites to always use the light theme or the dark theme.\n\nThe subject of the last sentence is also \"you\". 配色 is not the subject because\nit is marked with で.\n\n> ウエブサイトのテキスト、背景、リンクを、Firefoxの既定の配色 **で** 上書きする。 \n> Overwrite texts, backgrounds and links **with** Firefox's default color\n> scheme", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-17T01:08:44.317", "id": "95433", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-17T01:13:45.947", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-17T01:13:45.947", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95432", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "見た方が早い means \"It's faster to see it/him/her (than to be explained with\nwords)\". This is a common phrase used when something is difficult to explain\nbut easy to understand if you actually see it. あればっかりは here means \"At least as\nfar as that (person) is concerned\", \"At least on this matter\". Describing a\nperson as 見た方が早い is unusual, so he added it to avoid sounding lazy or\nimpolite. So あればっかりは見た方が早い implies this バイトの子 is someone who stands out in\nappearance and is hard to explain in some way or another.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-19T01:27:15.017", "id": "95452", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-19T01:27:15.017", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95434", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Generally Xではある is an emphasis by contrast with non-Xである(or Xでない). More\nverbosely it means _if I were to describe it X or non-X, I would say X_.\n\nI think it is similar in English when the verb is pronounced emphatically.\nE.g.,\n\n * It _is_ feeble but some warmth was felt. (with emphasis on _is_ )\n\nHere at least in some sense, _is_ should be contrasted with _is not_.\n\nThe difference of かすかではあるものの and かすかであるものの in the question is as subtle as\nthat of the above and the version without emphasis on _is_ (It is feeble\nbut..).\n\n* * *\n\nPractically, Xではある indicates that there is a reservation or more simply it\ntranslates _X, but.._. Like the sentences in question, if the \"but ...\" part\nis not omitted, it does not make a lot of difference.\n\nWhen nothing follows after ではある, then it makes a difference. For example,\n\n * この映画は人気だ(人気である)\n * この映画は人気ではある\n\nThe former is a plain statement that the film is popular. The latter indicates\nthere is \"but\". The implication may be that the speaker does not like it or\nthat the film cost too much money and hence is commercially not that\nsuccessful. It depends on context.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-18T03:54:13.700", "id": "95441", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-18T03:54:13.700", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95435", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "The どう here is the indeterminate counterpart to immediate (right nearby,\ncloser to the speaker) こう, proximate (nearby, closer to the listener) そう, and\ndistal (far away from both speaker and listener) ああ.\n\n * こう → like this, in this manner\n * そう → like that, in that manner\n * ああ → like that over there, in the manner of that over there\n * どう → like what, in what manner → how\n\nIn English, we idiomatically ask _**what** happened?_ to inquire about an\nevent.\n\nIn Japanese, we idiomatically ask **どう** しました? (literally _\" **how** did it\ndo?\"_) to inquire about an event.\n\nThis is just another way in which the two languages differ. When learning any\nnew language, we have to learn the different individual words -- **and** we\nhave to learn the \"style\" or idiom of how each language puts those words\ntogether.\n\n* * *\n\n**UPDATE:** To respond directly to the original question as asked, _\" Does\nanyone know what its kanji form is here?\"_:\n\nAs noted in the comments, there is a rare kanji spelling 如何. I am more\naccustomed to seeing this used to spell synonym _ikaga_ instead of _dō_ , but\nit has historically been used for both.\n\nThat said, in everyday Japanese, there isn't any kanji spelling in common use.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-17T06:06:48.003", "id": "95437", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-17T08:00:56.410", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-17T08:00:56.410", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "95436", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "As you already understand, there are many lexicalized ones (まずまず, わくわく,\nいっぱいいっぱい), and you have to remember their meanings individually. ゆっくりゆっくり is\nnot a lexicalized phrase but ゆっくり said twice simply for emphasis.\nUnfortunately, you cannot tell if it's a lexicalized word just by looking at\nits appearance. You cannot do this with any adverb, either. ゆっくりゆっくり or 慎重に慎重に\n(\"carefully and carefully\") makes sense but 一番一番 (\"most and most\"?) or\nがっかりがっかり (\"disappointedly and disappointedly\") sounds very funny to me.\n\nMany onomatopoeias have a reduplicated version (usually for a continuous\nstate) and a single version (usually for a one-time event). See: [How are the\ngiongo/gitaigo double form and tto form related (きらきら vs.\nきらっと)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1479/5010)).\n\nReduplication has usages that are unique to Japanese (or at least more common\nin Japanese than in English):\n\n * Reduplication meaning \"varying from X to X\": 時代時代で異なる (\"varies from age to age\"), その時その時に応じた対応 (\"response according to each situation\")\n * Reduplication meaning \"every single X\": 一人一人に声をかける (\"to talk to every single person\"), 彼の一言一言が気に障る (\"every single word of his annoys me\")\n * Reduplication meaning \"typical-looking X\": 子供子供した仕草 (\"typical childish behavior\"), ピンクピンクしたピンク (\"typical vivid pink\", \"pink pink\")", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-19T05:00:52.653", "id": "95456", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-19T05:19:58.130", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-19T05:19:58.130", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95438", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "I think the speech is cut abruptly in a way that doesn't let the listener know\nwhat she was going to say. Or maybe the ちょっと was her way of hesitating to say\nsomething. In other words, just a filler. She was basically saying \"I like\nthese cute pokemons but in battles I rather use Bangirasu [and other pokemons\nlike that] [because...]\". What came next is just a matter of guessing for us\nlisteners.\n\nShe seems to say a few more words (which can be seen by the movement of her\nmouth) in the next one second or two, but we can't hear that because the audio\nis taken over by the narrator.\n\nI would say this would have felt unnatural and incomplete if it was part of a\nnormal conversation. If someone does that, the listener would say \"...and?\".\n\nちょっと as a polite refusal is possible in other context, but I don't think so in\nthis context.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T09:58:11.670", "id": "95489", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T07:25:53.260", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-23T07:25:53.260", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95439", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "That の is a nominalizer, and a particle is omitted after it.\n\n> ［痛いの］｛は／に／には｝慣れた。", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-18T04:39:45.857", "id": "95442", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-18T04:39:45.857", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "95440", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, そうですね can mean \"Yes\" or \"That's correct\". This ね is a sentence-end/filler\nparticle used simply to make the sentence sound friendlier. It's fine to use ね\nwith a piece of information new to the listener.\n\n * 「テストはいつですか？」「明日ですね。」 \n\"When is the test?\" \"Tomorrow.\"\n\n * 「これはカツカレーですか？」「違いますね。」 \n\"Is this katsu-curry?\" \"No it isn't.\"\n\nNote that そうですね also works as a [filler to buy\ntime](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16030/5010) (\"Let's see\", \"Well\",\n\"Um\"). It's perfectly fine to respond to a wh-question with そうですね.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-24T00:12:45.243", "id": "95533", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-24T01:36:10.860", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-24T01:36:10.860", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95443", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This is not a typo. You have to remember ～から見て as a set phrase meaning \"seen\nfrom ～\" or \"from the viewpoint of ～\". See: [What is the role of\nあるいて?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38564/5010)\n\nFor example:\n\n> 私から見て彼は十分に強い。 \n> He is strong enough in my view.\n\nThere are also many te-forms that are almost like fixed adverbs, for example\n初めて, 取り立てて, 重ねて and まして.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-18T21:18:24.130", "id": "95450", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-19T00:49:45.490", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-19T00:49:45.490", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95445", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "There is no essential difference in meaning when translated into English (I\ndon't know why one of them has \"very\"). Still, as is the case with many other\n[wago-and-kango](/questions/tagged/wago-and-kango \"show questions tagged\n'wago-and-kango'\") pairs, しらゆき tends to sound poetic or \"soft\", whereas はくせつ\ntends to sound technical, serious or \"hard\".\n\nI would probably read 白雪 in 白雪をいただく山 as はくせつ in serious mountaineering\ndocumentaries, but しらゆき in fairy tales, love songs, etc. 白雪のような肌 is almost\nalways しらゆきのような肌, and 白雪姫 (Snow White) is always しらゆきひめ.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Is 年月 (months and years) read 【としつき】or【ねんげつ】and is there a difference?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66506/5010)\n * [What is the difference between 山道【さんどう】 and 山道【やまみち】?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72177/5010)\n * [How should I read 花弁?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66581/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-18T20:58:20.203", "id": "95448", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-18T20:58:20.203", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95447", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "This is how magic might be explained using scientific terms when a day comes\nwhen science can understand magic. You have parsed the sentences mostly\ncorrectly, but it may be difficult to make sense of them unless you are\nfamiliar with both fantasy and scientific terms.\n\n * **霊子** : Perhaps this should be translated as \"spiriton\" using the [English suffix _-on_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-on#Suffix), but a similar concept is better known as _mana_ in typical fantasy works.\n * **一定したベクトルのエネルギー** : It says \"fixed vector's energy\", not \"fixed energy's vector\". This means this energy flows in a fixed direction (like blood in your body always flows from arteries to veins). It's a common belief that there is a constant flow of mana in one's body, right?\n * **精神感応触媒** : \"Spirit-responsive catalyst\". This refers to something like (non-disposable) magic items (e.g., wands, talismans, crystals) in general. Just as a stereotypical wizard needs a wand to release the mana in the body, an item that works as catalyst (reaction booster) is needed to control the 霊子 in the body. \"Catalyst\" is a word rarely used in occultic contexts, but it's a relatively easy word in chemistry. \"Telepathy\" may not be a good translation because this has nothing to do with communicating with others.\n * **物理現象などに対し作用して不可思議な事象を起こす** : This is a basic explanation of magic or supernatural power in general. For example, psychokinesis causes a mysterious phenomena by acting on the physical phenomenon ruled by the law of gravity.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-18T22:18:49.957", "id": "95451", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-18T22:39:44.443", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-18T22:39:44.443", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95449", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It is an inherently vague expression (to me at least), but basically it is an\nexpression of hospitality or willingness to be kind.\n\nSo your interpretations are not off, but it means more than just\nunderstanding. It means the speaker wants to share/understand his feeling so\nthat it helps or consoles somebody in need.\n\nIt may be close to _to be compassionate_ in English.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-19T23:00:25.510", "id": "95467", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-19T23:00:25.510", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95453", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "It should be 「それって成長してないってこと？」\n\nYou can parse it this way:\n\n> それって、「成長してない」ってこと？\n\nThe first って is the topic marker (≈ 「は」「というのは」). \nThe second って is the quotative marker (≈ 「という」).\n\n(For these two usages of って, here's a related thread: [Confused about って in\nthis sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/50246/9831) )\n\nSo the sentence can be rewritten as:\n\n> それは、「成長していない」ということ（ですか？）\n\nwhich would mean:\n\n> Is it that I haven't grown up? / \n> By that, do you mean I haven't grown up?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-19T04:04:36.630", "id": "95455", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-19T04:04:36.630", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95454", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "According to one survey introduced in [this\narticle](https://ddnavi.com/news/366066/a/), here is the list of most common\nwords a baby **says** first in their life:\n\nRank | Japanese | English \n---|---|--- \n1 | ばあ | (Peek-a-)Boo \n2 | まんま | I'm hungry \n3 | わんわん | doggie \n4 | ママ | Mom \n5 | パパ | Dad \n6 | あっ | Ah! / Hey! \n7 | はい | Yeah / Here you go \n8 | バイバイ | Bye-bye \n9 | あーあ | Uh-oh \n10 | アンパンマン | [Anpanman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anpanman) \n \n(Note that this is not the list of first 10 words babies **learn**. Babies\nusually understand many words before they learn to say them out loud.)\n\nI'm pretty certain that はは and ちち are not even in the list of first 1000 words\nbabies learn. These are humble (keigo) versions of \"my mother\" and \"my\nfather\". It is not until they become teenagers that they start to use those\nwords correctly and naturally. What they learn instead is ママ and パパ, as shown\nin the list above.\n\nまんま is a word used only in babyhood. おなかすいた is too long, so parents usually\nteach まんま first.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-19T14:48:55.533", "id": "95459", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-19T15:01:26.497", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-19T15:01:26.497", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95457", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Asahi shimbun has its own font.\n\n * [Asahi characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asahi_characters)\n\nThe particular 朝 is taken from 欧陽詢's 大唐宗聖観記.\n\nThe original characters look like below (from [here](https://ameblo.jp/soufu-\nstyle/entry-10989143616.html)). (新 was not used in the monument and invented.)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Bmzqt.jpg)\n\n* * *\n\n * [朝日新聞ちょい解体新書-vol.01 題字編-](https://info.asahi.com/choiyomi/kaitaishinsho/01/)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-19T22:41:42.700", "id": "95466", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-19T22:41:42.700", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95460", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's \"The Summer Vacation of Love\"\n\n\"Love of Summer Vacation\" feels awkward and clunky.\n\nLike \"BCLC-san no Inu\" means \"The dog of BCLC-san\" /\"BCLC-san's Dog\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-19T19:57:53.090", "id": "95463", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-19T19:57:53.090", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42363", "parent_id": "95461", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "The Japanese possessive / genitive particle [の]{no} works kinda \"backwards\"\nfrom the English preposition _of_.\n\n * A of B \nA belongs to B → B owns A.\n\n * A [の]{no} B \nA owns B → B belongs to A.\n\nIt might help to think of the [の]{no} as a little bit like the English\npossessive _-'s_ ending. A [の]{no} B = A's B.\n\nI think this is partly the reason why Japanese full names and English full\nnames have opposite ordering.\n\n * In English, the personal name is followed by the family name: \"Personal\" belongs to \"Family\".\n * In Japanese, the family name comes first, then the personal name: \"Family\" owns \"Personal\". \n_(In olden times, the family name was often followed by the particle\n[の]{no}.)_\n\nWhen translating then, we have to swap the ordering.\n\n * A of B → B [の]{no} A.\n * A [の]{no} B → B of A.\n\n* * *\n\n**Update**\n\nFolding in some additional content from the comments.\n\nThe OP commented, _\" it's possible the story is talking about love of summer\nvacations like it's a movie about a series of summer vacations showing the\ngood things that happen\"_ -- it's certainly possible, but in that case, the\ntitle and the story wouldn't have much to do with each other. Considering the\nmeaning of the terms and the grammar, the title 「[恋]{Koi}\n[の]{no}[サマーバケーション]{Samā Bakēshon}」 cannot accurately describe any story about\nhow someone loves summer vacations.\n\nIt could be about the summer vacations of someone _named_ \"Koi\", but in that\ncase, \"love\" really isn't the correct translation: names are names, best left\nas-is. By way of example, the Japanese feminine given name _Megumi_ derives\nfrom verb _megumu_ , and literally means \"a blessing\" -- but when we talk\nabout someone named \"Megumi\" in English, we don't call her \"Blessing\", we call\nher \"Megumi\". :)", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-19T20:46:28.970", "id": "95464", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-21T20:48:31.400", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-21T20:48:31.400", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "95461", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 }, { "body": "(cw answer only, so please don't take this too seriously.)\n\nAngelos answer:\n\n> It looks like what happened was the Japanese version already had a clumsy\n> English translation and the subtitler felt obliged to stick to it - I myself\n> would not have\n\nAfter I inspected:\n\nAngelos is right. (You can guess from the font how the ff would turn out\nthough. Lol.) I turned off the subtitles, and then: the blue text on the upper\nleft is gone, but the pink text is still there. The 'Love of Summer Vacation'\nis really the official English title of the movie. It's not necessarily an\nincorrect official English translation. It could just be an official English\ntitle that happens to mean a different thing from the original Japanese title.\nOf course it's 94.9% likely it's just an incorrect official English\ntranslation.\n\n* * *\n\nI'm going to put the next part in spoiler text because this is gonna be\ninsanely opinionated but not that it really spoils anything about the series\nor anything really.\n\n* * *\n\n> Based on the comment discussion with naruto and Angelos: Actually just now I\n> came up with this new insane theory based on another insane theory I have\n> about [the series](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/66802/are-\n> there-japanese-2-player-variations-of-sevens-fan-tan-domino-shichi-\n> narabe-7#comment79235_66802). The series' English title is The\n> Quintessential Quintuplets. The series' Japanese title is The 5 Equal Brides\n> (or The 5 Equally Divided Brides or whatever 五等分の花嫁 means).\n\nand\n\n> Some people complain that either title is wrong based on the events of the\n> series. (eg some of the characters were not really 'brides' or\n> 'quintessential' or 'equal'). In re these complaints, I have an insane\n> theory about the Japanese vs English title of the series. So now based on\n> this comment discussion, now I have [this new insane\n> theory](https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/4509/is-it-ok-to-\n> overanalyze-an-anime) that maybe the mistranslation of the fictional movie\n> title is a nod about the impact of the different English vs Japanese titles\n> of the original series.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-20T09:43:05.380", "id": "95471", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-20T09:43:05.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10230", "parent_id": "95461", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "など may be almost nominalizing, but it is a particle grammatically. It means\n_etc._\n\nとして is a little tricky. It can be considered _as_ , but probably it would be\nhelpful to think it means _saying that_ or _citing as a reason that_ (+ since\n_as_ can be used for a reason, it can be translated sometimes into _as_ ).\n\n * 彼は5年前窃盗を犯したとして逮捕された He was arrested _for_ having committed a theft 5 years ago.\n * 政府は感染者が急増しているとして自粛を呼びかけた The government asked for stay-at-home, saying (as a reason) that the number of infections is growing rapidly.\n\nSo the passage literally says, though a bit ambiguous,\n\n> Concretely, in case of those companies developing 温室効果ガス抑制への貢献度が高い水素や風力発電事業,\n> **saying that profitability increases** (by such developments) **and for\n> other reasons** , JCR will explicitly mention rating will be favored for\n> those companies.\n\nTo clarify, など indicates there may be other reasons than profitability for\nworking on renewable energies favoring credit ratings.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T09:28:43.663", "id": "95487", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-22T09:28:43.663", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95473", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "I think it's a variation of\n[ことここに至る](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%BA%8B%E3%81%93%E3%81%93%E3%81%AB%E8%87%B3%E3%82%8B/).\nThe phrase, in the form of -至って, is usually followed by a description of how\ndesperate/inescapable the current place/situation is.\n\nIt has a theatrical vibe. It can be more plainly rephrased as\nこのような状況になってしまっては, こうなってしまっては, こうなっては, etc, meaning basically \"at this point\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T22:32:14.843", "id": "95530", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-24T04:23:35.847", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-24T04:23:35.847", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95475", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

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[ { "body": "I think [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/24044/45489) should\nessentially answer you question. But anyway, the following is based on\n[this](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF).\n\nWhat you seem to be missing is which 行 those verbs belong to.\n\nThe rules are as follows:\n\nイ音便：標準語では、カ行、ガ行（すなわち「キ」「ギ」）において生じる。\n\n * 書く: か **き** て→か **い** て\n * 急ぐ: いそ **ぎ** て→いそ **い** で\n\n促音便： 促音便はカ行、タ行、ラ行、ハ行の音（つまり「キ」 「チ」 「リ」 および 「ヒ」（現代の「イ」））に生じる現象\n\n * 買う: か **い** て→か **っ** て\n * 立つ: た **ち** て→た **っ** て\n * 降る: ふ **り** て→ふ **っ** て", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T06:46:50.397", "id": "95483", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-22T06:46:50.397", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95477", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I had a look at the 日本国語大辞典【にほんこくごだいじてん】 (NKD)\n[entry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%90%8C%E5%B9%B4-581142). The NKD is a bit\nlike the Oxford English, it's one of the better dictionaries for giving word\nderivations.\n\nAccording to the entry, this reading _onaidoshi_ is an irregular sound shift\nfrom older _onajitoshi_. The _onaidoshi_ version first shows up in 1563.\n\nPhonologically, it looks like the voicing on the じ influenced the と to voice\nto ど. And with the じ and the ど both starting with front-of-the-mouth\nconsonants, I can see how the consonant in じ would elide (become omitted).\n\n→ At any rate, consider this particular word as a kind of one-off: memorize\nit, but don't view this as indicative of any common pattern where ～じ becomes\n～い.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T05:21:35.930", "id": "95482", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-22T05:32:28.910", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-22T05:32:28.910", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "95478", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "A bit surprisingly 大辞泉 doesn't have an entry for ほんわり, but the following two\nmay help\n\n * [ふんわり](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%B5%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8A/#jn-197103) : 柔らかくふくらんださま。「―と仕上がったパン」 (linked is ふわり, ふんわり is an emphatic ver)\n * [ほんわか](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%BB%E3%82%93%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8B/#jn-206535)：心がなごんで、気持ちのよいさま。\n\nほんわりとした笑顔 means a mix of the above: _relaxed, soft-looking, feeling warmth_.\nTypical situations that come to my mind are when one is taking a bath or\nhaving a cup of tea.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T07:50:46.267", "id": "95486", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-22T07:50:46.267", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95479", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Not really. ほころぶように is a metaphor for the change of the face, as such, ほころぶ\nrequires more specific subjects like the following sample (from\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E7%B6%BB%E3%81%B3%E3%82%8B/#je-70200)):\n\n> 孫のかわいいしぐさに彼の顔は思わずほころんだ \n> He could not 「help smiling [repress a smile] at the innocent behavior of\n> his grandchild.\n\nOther possibilities would be \"彼の表情\", \"彼の頬\" etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T07:23:21.703", "id": "95485", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-22T07:23:21.703", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95480", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I don't think so because ほころぶ and 笑う can not be synonymous.\n\nI think the expression hints at either of the two below.\n\n * 口元がほころぶ is a set phrase to describe a certain kind of spontaneous smile.\n * 蕾がほころぶ is about flower buds blooming.\n\nIt's a change of facial expression, but a not too sudden one, and the observer\nprobably expected it (thus the hint of \"buds\"). If I were to translate it, it\nwould be something like \"his face gradually opened up into a smile\".\n\nNote also that 笑う by itself can mean a wide range of smiles and laughs, facial\nexpressions and sounds, without an adverb like this.\n\nほころぶ has different senses depending on what you have as the subject. The first\nthing people would think about when hearing ほころぶ would be fraying of fabric,\nas in 袖口が綻んだ. But that doesn't make sense in this context, so I excluded it in\nthe list above. If Xがほころぶ means \"X smiles\" by itself (I doubt it but I might\njust not know some archaic usage), I'm pretty sure the usage is way less\ncommon. Xの表情がほころぶ is different from Xがほころぶ.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T09:35:12.883", "id": "95488", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T02:02:11.123", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-23T02:02:11.123", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95480", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "You are basically right, 副主人公 is close to\n[deuteragonist](https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-a-deuteragonist-\ndefinition/) although what exactly makes a character a 副主人公 is a little fuzzy.\n\nAll the characters listed in the link (like Doc in _Back to the Future_ )\nshould certainly be able to be called 副主人公.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T07:16:53.067", "id": "95484", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-22T07:16:53.067", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95481", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "降らば降れ is the same as 降るなら降れ, but said using the grammar of classical Japanese.\nA literal translation of this is \"(O Rain,) if (you) fall, fall!\". A message\nlike \"Rain cannot stop me\" is implied.\n\nConditional forms worked a little differently in classical Japanese. The\nconditional ば attached to the 未然 (aka irrealis or pre-nai) form of the verb.\nSee: [using 未然形 and 已然形 with conditional\nば](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/80193/5010) and [寄らば from\n寄らば大樹の陰](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/52173/5010)\n\nIn modern Japanese, this is a pattern that is used in stilted sentences and\nhas an implication of \"let it go\" or \"I don't care\". Similar expressions\ninclude:\n\n * 死なば死ね: Let them die if necessary; I don't mind if they/you/I die\n * 笑わば笑え: If they laugh at me, let them do so (I don't care)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T12:27:18.350", "id": "95491", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-22T12:45:24.200", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-22T12:45:24.200", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95490", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I would parse it as\n\n[[[小学校に居る時分学校の二階から飛び降りて][一週間ほど腰を抜かした]]事がある]。\n\nIn other words, 腰を抜かした is a main verb, 飛び降りた is another main verb, and the\ntwo-part event is reported with 事がある.\n\nSo I would remove 事がある from both, or add it to both.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T02:38:33.853", "id": "95501", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T02:38:33.853", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95492", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "より is used to compare things, 方 can have differents meanings depending the\ncontext (as usual in japanese), here it's used to make comparaison, opposed as\nより.\n\nSo 男子より -> Compared to (young)men, 女子のほうがロマンチックよlady are (more) romantic!\n\n> where is the sentence's verb?\n\nAfter ロマンチック, the copula です(だ) is omitted in this sentance but it's your\n\"verb\" \"to be\" (kind of)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T20:13:13.650", "id": "95498", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-22T20:13:13.650", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51668", "parent_id": "95497", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You have to use ～するのを望む or ～することを望む when the wish itself is that verb. ～して望む\nmeans something different.\n\n * あなたが望むなら この胸を射通して \nIf you wish (it), shoot through this heart! \n(Shooting is a request; the wish can be either shooting or something\ndifferent)\n\n * あなたがこの胸を射通すの(を)望むなら \nIf you wish to shoot through this heart... \n(を is omitted after の; shooting is the wish itself)\n\n * あなたがこの胸を射通して望むなら \nIf you wish it penetrating through this heart... \n(Shooting is a method of making the wish, and the wish itself is something\ndifferent)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-22T23:57:56.463", "id": "95500", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T00:41:46.397", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-23T00:41:46.397", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95499", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "見える人にだけ見える光だ\n\nMy interpretation : \"(Shadow) It's the light that only those enlightened can\nsee.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-17T08:19:16.050", "id": "99380", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-17T08:19:16.050", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42363", "parent_id": "95502", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It's 笑って + いなされる.\n\nいなされる is the passive form of the verb いなす. From 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> いなす【▽往なす・▽去なす】〘他五〙 \n> ❸ 攻撃や追及を軽くあしらう。「反論をいなして本題に入る」\n\nAnd from\n[プログレッシブ和英中辞典](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%BE%80%E3%81%AA%E3%81%99/):\n\n> いなす【▲往なす】 \n> 彼は私たちの追及をいなした \n> 〔軽くあしらう〕He treated our questions lightly. \n> 〔軽くかわす〕He easily dodged [parried] our questions.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T07:59:48.103", "id": "95506", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T08:09:33.707", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-23T08:09:33.707", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95503", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "It is the usual subject particle が + the ending particle ね (like that in the\npreceding まあね). As such it could be が alone, i.e. \"エピソードとかが\". \"あった\" is omitted\nat the end.\n\nThe sentence elaborates on \"色々あった\", saying\n\"拳と拳でわかりあったとかいう、マンガみたいな恥ずかしいエピソードとか\" is one instance of 色々.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T11:25:47.423", "id": "95509", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T11:25:47.423", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95504", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "芽が生える is acceptable, but just much less common than 芽が出る.\n[Shonagon](https://clrd.ninjal.ac.jp/bccwj/) returns 6 results for the former,\n186 for the latter. So, 2 is the best choice, but 4 is not wrong.\n\nFor the differences:\n\n * When speaking of plants or trees, all three mean mostly the same. 芽生える sounds somewhat literary.\n * In terms of syntax, 芽を出す or 芽生える works like an intransitive verb (as a whole) while 芽が出る by itself is a sentence. Roughly 植物 **が** 芽を出す/芽生える = 植物 **の** 芽が出る.\n\nThe biggest difference is their collocations/metaphorical meaning.\n\n * [芽が出る](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%8A%BD%E3%81%8C%E5%87%BA%E3%82%8B/) can be used in the sense that some chances open up: 幸運が巡ってきて、成功の糸口が開ける。目が出る。「長い下積みを経てやっと―◦出る」\n * [芽生える](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%8A%BD%E7%94%9F%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B/#jn-217822) can mean _(friendship, love, etc.) to start growing_ : 物事が起こりはじめる。きざす。「愛情が―・える」\n\n芽を出す is usually used literally for plants.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-24T11:23:21.860", "id": "95536", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-24T11:23:21.860", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95505", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "As explained in the linked question, this ～ってのか is a shortened ～というのか？\n\n黙って here is 'shut up, and...' rather than 'silently' (though I guess you could\ninterpret that as the same thing). I think you've missed a の after なる too.\n\n待ってろ is 待っていろ, the imperative of 待っている 'be waiting'. While we generally don't\nuse tenses this way in English, its difference from simply 待て is basically\nthat it implies 'remain waiting'.\n\n> You telling us to shut up and wait to be demon food?!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T11:23:52.463", "id": "95508", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T11:23:52.463", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "95507", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It's about having hair tucked behind the ears. It's more likely to describe\nthe hair style, not the movement. The action of tucking is more commonly\ndescribed as 髪を耳にかける.\n\nNot to be confused with 髪が耳にかかる which is normally about hair strands partially\nhiding the ears.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T12:03:30.917", "id": "95512", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T12:11:36.317", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-23T12:11:36.317", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95510", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "I guess you are right in that the original sentence is wrong, strictly\nspeaking. But by context the translation is likely to be correct.\n\nAlso, 自分もしなければ他の奴にもさせなかったのに is one possibility for correction as you guessed.\nAnother would be 自分 **に** もほかのやつにも... = _didn't let himself nor others do\n(such a thing)_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T22:35:47.190", "id": "95531", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T22:35:47.190", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95513", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "They are identical. You can see [several\ndictionaries](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E9%80%94%E4%B8%8A%E5%9B%BD-42830#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89)\nredirecting 開発途上国 to 発展途上国. In that sense, 発展途上国 is somewhat more common.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T22:29:03.027", "id": "95529", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T22:29:03.027", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95514", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "the most common word for order(an item) is the verb 注文する・ちゅうもん する・\n\nYour sentence should be something like **ウェイターはあなたが何かを注文するのを待っています。**\n\nI don't really know the verb 誂える and do not seem to be very common, not sure\nabout it but in case of doubt, use anything else haha.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T21:18:14.193", "id": "95528", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-25T07:33:39.757", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-25T07:33:39.757", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "51668", "parent_id": "95515", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "No. 誂える is more like \"have something tailor-made\". Like a patron having an\nartist make a unique piece. When you use 誂える\n\n * you are getting someone to make something specifically for you, not choosing from the menu\n * the item is usually artistic in some sense, and not mass produced\n * more crucially, when 誂える is done, the artist completes the work and the patron has it (so if the waiter is still getting the order, the timing is off)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-25T00:12:40.173", "id": "95541", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-25T00:12:40.173", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95515", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Essentially にあたる in the sense being used in the examples are copulas,\nreplaceable by である.\n\nA simple example is 彼は私の叔父にあたる = He is my uncle = 彼は私の叔父である.\n\nFor the examples:\n\n> WHO（世界保健機関）は感染が拡大するサル痘について、最高レベルの警告 **にあたる** 「緊急事態」を宣言しました。\n\nwould become _WHO, regarding widely spreading monkeypox, declared a state of\nemergency, **which is** the highest level warning._\n\n> WHOのテドロス事務局長は23日、サル痘について国際的に懸念される公衆衛生上の緊急事態 **にあたる** と宣言しました\n\nwould become _Tedoros ... announced, regarding the monkeypox, **it is** an\nstate of emergency of international concern in terms of public health_. (What\nis modified by 国際的に懸念される is ambiguous to me.)\n\n* * *\n\nFor the questions:\n\n * Yes, the と is a quote particle.\n * In the second example, にあたる can be omitted. Then it would mean the same as the first one.\n * 緊急事態にあたる宣言 would mean the announcement itself is an emergency, so it should be wrong.\n\nOn the second point, the difference between サル痘について緊急事態にあたると宣言する and\nサル痘について緊急事態と宣言する is subtle, but the former explicitly means the monkeypox\nitself is the emergency and the latter is more open about what exactly is the\nemergency (e.g., situation about monkeypox). I don't know the exact\ndefinitions, but practically they will be understood in the same way.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T23:09:59.253", "id": "95532", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T23:09:59.253", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95516", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]