Datasets:

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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

like 2

[ { "body": "1. と is being used as a \"quotation\" particle. It is used to quote what was said before it to nominalize for the verb after it. 思う needs the quote particle と to point out what it is that's being thought. ([what's being thought]と思う and not [what's being thought]思う)\n 2. してた is a colloquial spelling/pronunciation of していた. The past continuous form of a verb is created by taking the ―て form and adding いた or いました (the past tense form of いる.) In casual spoken Japanese the い is sometimes dropped in the continuous forms of verbs (e.g. て form + いる conjugation) because it's easier to pronounce.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T19:40:44.383", "id": "95521", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T19:40:44.383", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51947", "parent_id": "95517", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "してた conveys that something was in some state\n\nて form has many uses. It can be a request, manner something was done by (like\nparticle de), indicate sequence of events, etc. But here, it is being used to\nform している. The いる is then being conjugated to いた. Then, \"い抜き\" (i-nuki) occurs\nwhich is the omission of い. That's how they got to してた. いる is the one that's\nin past tense here.\n\nAs for particle と, it is pretty much always used with 思う to indicate what is\nbeing thought about.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T19:45:12.350", "id": "95522", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T19:45:12.350", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "48639", "parent_id": "95517", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "してる is a colloquial spelling/pronunciation of している. The continuous forms of\nverbs are created by taking the ―て form and adding your desired conjugation of\nいる. In casual spoken Japanese the い is sometimes dropped in the continuous\nform of verbs because it's easier to pronounce. The い is not \"playing a role,\"\nrather it is being dropped in very casual speech.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T19:31:31.223", "id": "95519", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T19:31:31.223", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51947", "parent_id": "95518", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "おこ is the shortened form of the verb 怒る・おこる・to get angry, to get mad\n\nSo おこだわ is 怒ってる\n\n(You can learn more about it, [here](https://meaning.jp/posts/508), it's all\nin japanese though)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T21:07:02.027", "id": "95527", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T21:07:02.027", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51668", "parent_id": "95520", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Adverbs are hard. They are hard to learn, hard to explain, and hard to\ntranslate into another language.\n\nどうしても has several different usages. The one you are asking about is this\n[デジタル大辞泉（小学館）](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82/):\n\n> どう努力してみても。どんな径路をたどっても。「―納得できない」「駅までは―一時間はかかる」「―話題がそこにいく」\n\nSimply put, if you understand it as \"whatever I/you/someone do/does/did\",\n\"whatever method I/you/someone try/tries/tried\", \"no matter how I/you/someone\ntry/tried/tries\" you should be able to get a handle on the meaning of the\nsentence. But in real life, you don't always have to translate or understand\nit as such. Most of the time adverbs like \"just\" or \"simply\" would render the\nsentence just fine.\n\n> 初めて聞いた時はどうしてもうまく理解できなかった \n> When (I) first heard (about/of) (it), **not matter how (I) tried** (I)\n> couldn't understand (it) well. \n> When (I) first heard (about/of) (it), (I) **simply/just** couldn't\n> understand (it) well.\n\nIt's also worth mentioning that a closely related word is\n[どうも](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%82%82):\n\n> no matter how, not at all (used with a negative verb) \n> どうも理解できない。 \n> No matter how, I can't understand it. → I just can't understand it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T20:53:16.047", "id": "95526", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-24T00:17:02.610", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-24T00:17:02.610", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95523", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "There are two points of grammar here, first of all だけましだ which means \"it's\nbetter than ~ bla bla\" or \"one should be grateful\" (you can learn more about\nit, just [here](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%91%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%A0-dake-mashi-da-meaning/)\n)\n\nSo until here, it's something like \"Being able to speak is better than\nnothing\" or \"we should be grateful that you're able to speak\" and the second\npoint of grammar is ものだ which can be used to state an obvious fact (which\ndoesn't change anything in the English translation). You can learn more about\n[here](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A0-%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-mono-\nda-mono-janai-meaning/)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-23T20:48:36.707", "id": "95525", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-23T20:48:36.707", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51668", "parent_id": "95524", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The official translation is correct. Here, 爆発 is the **object** of 抑える (\"to\nsuppress\"). The sentence is roughly the same as:\n\n> 今はどうにか爆発を抑えてるわ \n> We've managed to suppress an explosion.\n\nBut を has been replaced by だけは, where は is a contrast marker and だけ is \"only\".\n\n> 今はどうにか爆発だけは抑えてるわ \n> We've managed to suppress an explosion _(at least, although we've failed to\n> suppress everything else)_.\n\nRemember that は is not a subject marker but a topic marker, and [it can\nreplace を](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23378/5010).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-24T06:30:49.503", "id": "95535", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-24T09:25:46.903", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-24T09:25:46.903", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95534", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "That description says 本人 is closer to \"not someone else but that person\" while\n当人 is closer to \"the person in question\". But as a matter of fact, they are\nvery often interchangeable. Actually, both 本人 and 当人 make sense in all of the\nfour examples you gave.\n\nStill, I see several differences:\n\n 1. 当人 is relatively less common, and is preferred in formal or legal contexts.\n 2. 当人 typically refers to someone who is involved in some concrete issue, problem, etc.\n 3. Only 本人 can be used when it refers to \"real/true X (as opposed to X's agent, guardian, look-alike, photograph, etc.)\".\n\nFor example, 本人の話を聞く and 当人の話を聞く are roughly the same, but the latter sounds\nstiffer or businesslike, and may sound like this person is involved in some\ntrouble. In casual contexts (e.g., choosing a birthday present for a child),\n本人の話を聞く is normally preferred. But 本人 is not an informal word, so if you're in\ndoubt, I think you can stick to 本人 most of the time.\n\nIf you see someone on the street who looks exactly like a celebrity, and want\nto ask if he is real, then you can ask (ご)本人ですか but not 当人ですか.\n\nThere is also a set phrase 当の本人, an emphatic version of 本人/当人 (\" _that_ person\nin question\", \"no one but he himself\").", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-24T21:43:54.993", "id": "95539", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-25T09:38:11.873", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-25T09:38:11.873", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95537", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "> Is the word \"お願いします\" seen by Japanese speakers as a single unit\n\nI'd see it as a single unit: お～～する humble form (謙譲語) of the verb 願う, as\n@Angelos has commented.\n\n\"Is お願いします two **words** or one? -- お願いします consists of four [語]{ご}'s: prefix お\n+ verb 願う + subsidiary verb (補助動詞) する + auxiliary (助動詞) ます.\n\nFor more on お/ご～～する humble form, you may want to see these threads:\n\n * [What's the difference between よろしくねがいする and よろしくおねがいします?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/56663/9831)\n * [Do all verbs have an honorific and humble form?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54416/9831)\n\nThe verb 願う is defined in 明鏡国語辞典 this way:\n\n> ねがう【願う】〘 **動** 五〙 \n> ➌ **他人に対して、こうしてほしいと頼む。** 「寄付を願う」「協力を願います」 \n> (表現)...「願い上げます」「 **お願いします** 」「お願い致します」「お願い申し上げます」\n\nAs you can see, 願う used in the expression お願いします means 他人に対して、こうしてほしいと頼む, \"to\nask others to do this\". So the literal translation of お願いします would be \"I\nhumbly ask you to do this\".\n\nSo a very literal translation of your sentence would be like:\n\n> 今の文章の和訳をお願いします。 \n> I humbly ask you to do a Japanese translation of this sentence.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-25T02:28:49.633", "id": "95544", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-25T02:40:49.110", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-25T02:40:49.110", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95540", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You have to think a bit differently when a negative sentence is concerned. In\na negative sentence, は is the default choice (See: [Why is the topic marker\noften used in negative statements (ではない,\n～とは思わない)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/5010)). Aはない/Aはありません is\n\"There is no A\" stated as a **known** fact (I don't know if this は is\ncontrastive or thematic). On the other hand, when someone says Aがない/Aがありません,\nthis is a [現象文](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43213/5010). It tells \"A\nwas not found\" or \"A is missing\" stated as a **newly found** fact.\n\nYou seem to already know those basics, so let me explain the difference using\nexamples.\n\nIn a typical message list UI, メッセージはありません and メッセージがありません are almost the same,\nbut the latter sounds like the system searched for messages and just noticed\nthere was nothing.\n\nOn the other hand, メッセージがありません is the only choice as an error message shown\nafter a user clicked a \"Send\" button, because it's a newly found fact noticed\nonly after the click. Likewise, most unpredictable error messages use が (e.g.,\n通信が切断されました, ストレージ容量が不足しています, ファンに異常が発生しています), while some error messages use は\n(このディスクの再生はサポートしていません).\n\n財布はない and 財布がない sound very different to native speakers. Besides, when there\nis another は-marked argument working as the topic, the story is totally\ndifferent.\n\n * 財布はない。 \nI don't have/use a wallet. / There is no wallet. \n(Stated as a known fact)\n\n * 財布がない。 \nMy wallet is missing! \n(Typical 現象文/中立描写文)\n\n * 私には財布はない。 \nI don't have a wallet at least _(but I use something else)_. \n(The first (に)は is thematic, the second は is contrastive)\n\n * 私には財布がない。 \nI don't have a wallet. / There is no wallet I use. \n(The first (に)は is thematic, the が is a simple subject marker. This is a\ntypical \"double-subject\" sentence.)", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-25T01:51:07.830", "id": "95543", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-25T02:58:27.157", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-25T02:58:27.157", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95542", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]

[ { "body": "[@aguijonazo](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/43676/aguijonazo) found\nthe source, and\n[@naruto](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/5010/naruto) contributed by\nfinding [the exact page](https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/950499/1/1172) hosted on\n[the National Diet Library Digital Collections](https://dl.ndl.go.jp/). (If\nthe page doesn't work for you, try a different web browser). It's been a year,\nso I'm posting an answer as a community wiki. I hope either of the\ncontributors posts their answer, then proper reputation can be made.\n\nAnyway, these numbers are most likely from Ueda's Daijiten ([WorldCat\npage](https://www.worldcat.org/title/uedas-daijiten-a-japanese-dictionary-of-\nchinese-characters-and-compounds/oclc/123282032),\n[cinii](https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BN13023172)), authored by 上田萬年 (Kazutoshi\nUeda) and published by Harvard University Press in 1942. The book is\napparently a translation from 大字典 published from 啓成社 in 1917 (it even has [an\nentry in a\ndictionary](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%E3%83%BB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8-2058346)!),\nwhich seems to be [taken over by\n講談社](https://bookclub.kodansha.co.jp/product?item=0000131443) in later years.\nThe author/editor, 上田萬年\n([wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%94%B0%E8%90%AC%E5%B9%B4))\nseems to have had a significant impact at that time and also have studied\nabroad. The author and the dictionary itself being influential, it is no\nsurprise if the U.S. government used it for internal purpose.\n\nThe numbers themselves are explained in the book as follows:\n\n> 本書採録の文字には、其頭にアラビヤ数字を附し、之を以って検索に使ならしめたり。 (I have added Arabic numerals on top\n> of the characters included in this dictionary, so that they can be utilised\n> for lookup.)\n\nand it seems to be sequential, the first character in the dictionary gets 1,\n2nd 2, etc.\n\nSo [金](https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/950499/1/1172),\n[成](https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/950499/1/469)\n[柱](https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/950499/1/597) are numbered as such...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/x7VZe.png)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-06-18T16:11:27.137", "id": "99992", "last_activity_date": "2023-06-18T16:11:27.137", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4223", "parent_id": "95547", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "Personally speaking, I don't sense much difference between が and を but I think\nthere's a slight difference with は to those. は has a nuance of limiting\ntargets and the limited one is 英語 in your scenario. Basically, it's like\nsaying:\n\n> 英語は話せます (が、フランス語は話せません)\n\nAnd a listener might expect a next topic (which is that you can't speak\nFrench).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-24T14:30:02.843", "id": "96351", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T14:30:02.843", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "95549", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, you can say AさんとBさんたち. It refers to one group of people including both A\nand B. Technically speaking, however, this is an ambiguous phrase, and it can\nalso refer to \"A, and a gruop of people including B\". This kind of ambiguity\nis not usually a problem when there is enough context.\n\nIf you used たち twice (AさんたちとBさんたち), it naturally refers to two groups of\npeople.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-26T09:00:48.753", "id": "95561", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-26T09:00:48.753", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95550", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "ち is pronounced as /tɕi/ which is similar to the English i **tchy**. し is\npronounced /ɕi/, similar to English **shee** p.", "comment_count": 10, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-25T15:55:53.290", "id": "95552", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-25T15:55:53.290", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51988", "parent_id": "95551", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "When you pronounce し, your tongue should be toward the back of your mouth, not\ntouching anything. When you pronounce ち, your tongue should briefly touch the\nroof of your mouth, right behind your teeth.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-25T16:27:08.000", "id": "95553", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-25T16:27:08.000", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "78", "parent_id": "95551", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "って in this case is an colloquial version of と, not という. 教える takes a と-clause\njust as 考える and 言う do.\n\n * これは本だ **と** 言った。 \nこれは本だ **って** 言った。(colloquial) \nI said this is a book.\n\n * これは本だ **と** 教えた。 \nこれは本だ **って** 教えた。(colloquial) \nI taught [someone] that this is a book.\n\nIn your example, the word order is a little unusual (the verb comes first,\nsomewhat like in English), but the basic meaning stays the same. See: [Does\nword order change the meaning of a\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19433/5010) and [What does と\nmean in 「ここにおいで」と?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38645/5010)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-25T23:53:14.197", "id": "95556", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-25T23:53:14.197", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95554", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This question means:\n\n> On an airplane, I asked (to a flight atetndant), \"Tomato juice without ice,\n> please\". The attendant asked me, \"No ice?\". (I) replied, \"Yes!\". (Then the\n> attendant) kindly poured a lot of ice! Why was that?\n\nどばっと is not a simple short version of どばどば. For the difference, see: [How are\nthe giongo/gitaigo double form and tto form related (きらきら vs.\nきらっと)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1479/5010) So the idea here is\nthat the attendant put a lot of ice in a short time (but \"violent\" is an\noverstatement here).\n\nBy saying \"Yes\", the asker meant he wanted no ice. You can read the following\nquestions for the root cause of this confusion.\n\n * [The reality of answering いいえ to a negative question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2908/5010)\n * [What's the difference between いいえ and English's \"no\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5144/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-26T01:55:30.633", "id": "95558", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-26T02:10:22.890", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-26T02:10:22.890", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95557", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Please read this first: [赤ずきん vs. 赤い頭巾\n(grammar)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/93115/5010)\n\nSo when someone says 黒タイツ, the speaker is using it as an established\nconcept/genre in the field of clothing. That is to say, just by hearing it,\npeople can imagine what else the person is wearing. If you want to simply say\nblack-colored tights unrelated to such an image, you can always say 黒いタイツ. The\nsame for 白タイツ, 網タイツ, etc. Some combinations such as\n[黒服](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E6%9C%8D) and\n[赤帽](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E5%B8%BD) have derivative and\nunpredictable meanings.\n\nI personally have never heard the phrase 紫タイツ, but if purple-colored tights\nshould happen to catch on in the future, people may start using 紫タイツ as an\nestablished term. On the other hand, many otaku already regard ピンク髪 as an\n[established \"moe trait\"](https://akiba-souken.com/vote/v_2697/) of anime\ncharacters.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-26T04:28:07.653", "id": "95560", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-26T05:00:40.960", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-26T05:00:40.960", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95559", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "Yes, ...that ...is ...correct.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-26T15:40:28.053", "id": "95564", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-26T15:40:28.053", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5176", "parent_id": "95563", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "It's two words. This って is a colloquial topic particle used in place of は.\nSee: [Difference between って and は as topic\nmarker](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15004/5010)\n\n> What's a good literal translation of this sentence?\n\n\"Is that blood?\", or maybe \"That is blood?\". The sentence in question is\nstructurally not different from \"あれは血(ですか)?\".", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-27T00:36:49.620", "id": "95567", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-27T00:36:49.620", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95566", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This (-た)もの refers to a resultant product, i.e., something obtained by\nperforming the preceding verb. In your sentence, もの refers to the product made\nby remaking, i.e., the remake version.\n\nThis is a very common and useful pattern in Japanese, but it's often hard to\ntranslate it directly using \"(some)thing\" into English...\n\n * スパゲティとは小麦粉を細長い形にしてゆでたものです。 \nSpaghetti is food made from flour shaped into long pieces and boiled.\n\n * コーヒーからカフェインを抜いたものはデカフと呼ばれる。 \nCoffee with caffeine removed is called decaf.\n\n * 彼女は狐が姿を変えたものだ。 \nShe is a fox in disguise.\n\n * この絵は有名な画家がクレヨンを用いたものだ。 \nThis painting was drawn by a famous artist using crayons.\n\n * 真改とは薄桜鬼の第一作を「薄桜鬼 真改」としてリメイクしたものです。 \n\"Shin Kai\" refers to _Hakuōki Shin Kai_ , the remake of the first _Hakuōki_. \n(More literally: \"Shink Kai\" is something we made by remaking the first\n_Hakuōki_ as _Hakuōki Shin Kai_.)", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-27T06:06:50.233", "id": "95571", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-28T00:30:50.440", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-28T00:30:50.440", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95568", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This が is not a replacement of か. You cannot use か in the first place;\nポテトかサラダがつきますか (\"Does it come with either fries or salad?\") doesn't make sense\nas a question from the clerk.\n\nThis が is the が which you probably remember as \"but\". In this sentence, が is\nthere to provide background information, and the actual question (どちらにしますか,\n\"Which do you like?\") has been omitted.\n\n * [けど usage in ”魔石灯”がいい例だけど、”魔石”は…](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32824/5010)\n * [が function in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72494/5010)\n * [けれども as a neutral connector](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19155/5010)\n\n> はい、ポテトかサラダがつきますが（、どちらにしますか）。 \n> Okay. It comes with fries or salad, so...(which do you like?)\n\nIn Japanese, it's common to omit the final part of a sentence if it can be\ninferred. If a sentence ends with \"が?\" or \"けど?\", something like \"what do you\nsay/think?\" or \"what does it matter?\" is often the omitted question. Similar\nexamples:\n\n * 明日は日曜日ですが？ \nBut it's Sunday tomorrow, are you sure?\n\n * はい、フランス語は話せますが？ \nYes, I can speak French, but why do you ask?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-27T05:27:21.003", "id": "95570", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-27T10:15:04.920", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-27T10:15:04.920", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95569", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "> 1 Xしていたら、Yすることはあった／なかった かもしれない \n> This is similar to \"could have\"\n>\n> 2 Xしていたら、Yした/しなかった だろう； \n> Similar to \"would have\"\n>\n> 3 Xしたら、Yする／しない だろう； \n> Similar to \"will\" and the subject of the verb is a third party\n>\n> 4 Xしたら、Yする／しない。 \n> Similar to \"will\" and the subject of the verb is the speaker", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T18:07:31.353", "id": "95589", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-30T19:43:05.257", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-30T19:43:05.257", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "38735", "parent_id": "95572", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "As was pointed out in the comments: それとも is a single word\n(<https://jisho.org/word/%E5%85%B6%E3%82%8C%E5%85%B1>).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T00:03:32.820", "id": "95578", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-28T01:12:46.083", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-28T01:12:46.083", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "51280", "parent_id": "95576", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You can think of this って here as a shortening of っていうのは or というのは. 目撃する is\nwhat's called a サ変 verb, where you take a noun and add する to make a verb out\nof it. 'Is it true Tom witness a murder?' is a perfect translation already.\n\nForget trying to do 'hyper-literal' translations under the mistaken assumption\nit will help you grasp the internal logic of the Japanese sentence. 目撃する is\none unit, closer to 'witness' than 'do witness'; you can't say 目撃をする.\n\nAs for って here, basically, it explicitly marks it as hearsay. The most literal\nI believe there's any point in going, 'How they say Tom witnessed a murder, is\nit true?'", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T00:30:33.343", "id": "95579", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-28T12:11:59.323", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-28T12:11:59.323", "last_editor_user_id": "9971", "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "95577", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This is only my opinion, but I would say it is acceptable but still incorrect.\nIt’s definitely less correct than the version with が.\n\nI read the version with が this way.\n\n> （私は）［英語が上手］になりたい。\n\nThe part I put in brackets describes the desired state for the speaker.\n\nIn contrast, I read the version with を this way.\n\n> （私は）［英語］を上手になりたい。\n\nThis is incorrect because 上手になる is not supposed to take a direct object to be\nmarked with を. On the other hand, it is acceptable because 上手になる means the\nsame as 上達する and 英語を上達する is somewhat acceptable, although 英語を上達させる should be\nmore correct. 英語 can be seen as an object of deliberate improving.\n\nUnlike a similar sentence with 好き, the following statement would be totally\nunacceptable.\n\n> x（私は）英語を上手だ。\n\nThis is because the adjective 上手 by itself doesn’t seem to work towards any\nobject, unlike 好き. It’s more static, so to speak. It is the change indicated\nby なる that is making を somewhat acceptable.\n\nIt doesn’t always work, though, as the following is not acceptable.\n\n> x（私は）頭をよくなりたい。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T04:12:40.220", "id": "95582", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-28T04:19:30.950", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-28T04:19:30.950", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "95580", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "In my opinion, が上手になりたい and を上手になりたい sound equally correct, but I understand\nit if others claim the latter is incorrect. At least, ～を上手 is not always\ncorrect.\n\n * ✅英語が好きになりたい / ✅英語を好きになりたい\n * ✅英語が好きになる本 / ✅英語を好きになる本\n * ✅彼は英語が好きだ / ❌彼は英語を好きだ\n * ✅英語が上手になりたい / ✅英語を上手になりたい\n * ✅英語が上手になる本 / ❌英語を上手になる本\n * ✅彼は英語が上手だ / ❌彼は英語を上手だ\n\nAccording to Higashiyama, more and more young people have started to use を\nwith words like ～たい, 好き, できる, etc. In particular, he found を tended to be more\ncommon when combined with ～にする/なる.\n\n> #### 東山篤規. 助詞「が」と「を」の置換性について ─文例と世代の比較─\n> ([PDF](http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/lt/rb/599/599pdf/higasiya.pdf))\n>\n> 本調査の結果では，希望，好悪，能力などを表すことばを文末に置く場合と，\n> **そのことばのうしろに「・・・ようにした」とか「・・・ようになった」を置いて柔らかく表現したとき（課題文 15，17）や体言を修飾したときには（課題文\n> 16，18），「が」の選択頻度が減少し「を」の頻度が有意に上昇した。**\n> もし外国語学習が助詞の選択に効果をもつとすれば，文の構造にかかわらず同じ効果が現れると考えられるが，調査の結果は今見たように，希望，好悪，能力などを表すことばで言い切ったときに「が」の選択頻度が高くなるのである（課題文\n> 10～ 13）。\n>\n> * * *\n>\n>\n> 「したい」のように希望を表すことばが述部に置かれたとき，その対象を「が」によって表すことが元々の日本語であるとすれば（佐久間，1959），近年では徐々に「が」の代わりに「を」が用いられるようになり，本調査の青年にいたっては，「が」と「を」の頻度が逆転して「を」を使うことが多数化している\n\nHe gives two possible reasons for this shift:\n\n * English may have influenced the grammar of Japanese.\n * The particle が may risk making the sentence sound too strong because が has an exhaustive-listing function.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T04:36:37.327", "id": "95583", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-28T04:41:47.667", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-28T04:41:47.667", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95580", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "masu stem + に行く is used to express going somewhere and doing something.\n\nし in this case is stem of する so しに行く would be the most generic version of this\nexpression but you can use pretty much any verb.\n\nLike 飲みに行こうか \"Shall we go for a drink?\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T06:55:32.960", "id": "95585", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-28T06:55:32.960", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38417", "parent_id": "95584", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, it depends on the context.\n\nIntention of doing 受かるまで受験し続けるつもりだ いつまで無職でいるつもり？\n\nSelf recognition that is not true 理解してたつもりなんだがなぁ…（実際は理解してなかった）", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T17:52:47.323", "id": "95588", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-28T17:52:47.323", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38735", "parent_id": "95586", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "～ているつもり can express one's future plan, too. This ている refers to the\ncontinuation of state/action:\n\n * 2時に起きるつもりだ。 \nI intend to get up at 2:00.\n\n * 2時まで起きているつもりだ。 \nI intend to stay awake until 2:00.\n\n * 明日は家でテレビを見るつもりです。 \nI'm going to watch TV at home tomorrow.\n\n * 明日は家でテレビを見ているつもりです。 \nI'm going to stay home watching TV tomorrow.\n\n* * *\n\nThis 辟易と is not a correct usage of 辟易. 辟易 is a suru-verb, so it should have\nbeen 辟易しながら or 辟易しつつ in this context. 辟易とする is a [mistake some native speakers\nmake](https://biz-journal.jp/2019/02/post_26458.html) (I found 6 instances of\nthis mistake in BCCWJ), but using 辟易と without する as a standalone adverb is out\nof the question to me (no similar instance in BCCWJ). This reminded me of\n[this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/94421/5010) about the\nsame work... (辟易と思う makes no sense, either, because 辟易 is not the content of\nthinking.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-29T04:40:03.017", "id": "95598", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-29T05:03:20.930", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-29T05:03:20.930", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95586", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "Numerals act adverbially a small majority of the time in Japanese.\n\nYou might have learned 「２個のリンゴを食べた」, but I'd say 「リンゴを２個食べた」 is more common.\nある is an intransitive verb, and you _cannot_ put an を after the number in your\nsentence, nor in the one I've provided. While you could probably put a は, that\nwould imply 'I have two questions (and a different number of something else)'.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T19:06:55.430", "id": "95592", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-28T19:06:55.430", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "95590", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "More context would be appreciated, but no, this isn't 出てしまった. 出 is working as\na noun here, and じゃった is a form of だった used generally by old beings (the\ncontext of her being a youkai seems to be the reason) in fiction. 出る, and\nverbs in general, never really follow の except in relative clauses (where の\nwould be equivalent to が).\n\nAs the comments have pointed out, this 出 means something like 'where [someone]\nis from'.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T20:14:11.713", "id": "95594", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-28T21:38:15.850", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-28T21:38:15.850", "last_editor_user_id": "9971", "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "95591", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> Why is しない used for a past event?\n\nThis works in English as well in the present tense:\n\nA: _Didn't you do [something awful]?_ \nB: _No, I **don't do** that kind of thing._\n\n> 私 そんなこと **しない** よ。\n\nIn the sample text, as I read it, Kawai-san isn't saying that they _didn't_ do\nXYZ, as a specific instance (i.e., \"I didn't do that [at that time, that we're\ntalking about now]\") -- instead, they're saying that they **don't** do XYZ, as\na general rule (i.e., \"I _never_ do that [at any time, ever]\").\n\n> Is there something to しない that implies the past?\n\nNo. Not grammatically, and not here. In the context of the dialog, there's\nnothing \"past\" about the しない in what Kawai-san is saying.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-28T20:19:11.060", "id": "95595", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-29T03:43:32.307", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-29T03:43:32.307", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "95593", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

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[ { "body": "製作\n\n> To make products or other utilitarian objects by using tools or machines.\n> This word can be also used to make something using scissors, glue, tape, and\n> other tools like those used in arts and crafts.\n\n制作\n\n> Creating artwork, films, music, etc. (Mainly which contains an element of\n> creativity”)\n\n製造\n\n> literally factory production. To make large quantities. Mainly used for huge\n> scale one.\n\n加工\n\n> 加工≒processing (Ex. processing industry, processed food, processed goods.\n> etc. This word means opposite of “crude”)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-30T02:24:20.057", "id": "95605", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-30T02:26:09.807", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-30T02:26:09.807", "last_editor_user_id": "52012", "owner_user_id": "52012", "parent_id": "95601", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "If you read it carefully in Genki II て＋いらっしゃる is the honorific form for the\nて＋いる verb format. Whereas you would use お＋verb stem＋になる when it is not a\ncontinuing action.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-30T06:00:53.383", "id": "95608", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-30T06:01:17.257", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-30T06:01:17.257", "last_editor_user_id": "51943", "owner_user_id": "51943", "parent_id": "95602", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "ずっとお母さんがコーチなのは嫌だ ◎\n\n[or ◎(normal)コーチだなんて、◎(written expression)コーチなどというのは、○(informal)コーチっていうのは]\n\nずっとお母さんがコーチだって嫌だ X (wrong)\n\nThese sentences is possible to be separated into the following sentences.\n\n“ずっとお母さんがコーチ” なのは嫌だ。\n\n“ずっとお母さんがコーチ” entire of this sentence is doing a role of NP (noun phrase) in\nthis sentence.\n\nSo these sentence are supposed to be translated into “I don’t want my mother\nto be coach for a long time.”\n\n(In Japan,coach (コーチ) just means instructor of the club activity.)\n\n父さんがコーチのクラブチーム\n\nThis の grammar is called 「格助詞」(case-marking particle) Strictly there are three\nusages of 格助詞 but in this case,this の is used express the relationships\nbetween nouns and nouns. And furthermore,this grammar which is used to express\nthe relationships between nouns and nouns is separated into 4 usages. To\nexpress\n\n> 1,Possession\n\n> 2,Belongings\n\n> 3,Disposition\n\n> 4,Superordinate and subordinate words.(上位語と下位語)\n\nお父さんがコーチのクラブチーム In this sentence,there is の between コーチ and club team. This\nusage is 4th one. Called 上位語と下位語(Superordinate and subordinate words.) In this\nusage,this の is interchangeable with 〜である So it means, “The club team which my\nfather is coaching.”", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-30T02:50:41.683", "id": "95607", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-30T03:51:18.863", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-30T03:51:18.863", "last_editor_user_id": "52012", "owner_user_id": "52012", "parent_id": "95603", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "I feel ずっとお母さんがコーチ is a noun phrase that has been nominalized without an\nexplicit nominalizer. [This\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/95259/5010) may be understood\nthe same way. I don't know the rule as to when this is allowed, but I think\nthis \"implicit nominalization\" happens only with nouns and suru-verbs (usually\nin informal Japanese).\n\n * ずっとお母さんがコーチがいい。\n * あの人が犯人でいいと思う。\n * 彼女が優勝は信じられない。\n * 僕が発表より彼が発表の方がいいと思います。\n * お酒飲んでから運転は絶対にダメ。 \n(お酒飲んでから **の** 運転は or お酒飲んでから運転 **する** のは is the \"standard\" form, but の can be\nomitted for some reason)\n\n * ひとりで勉強は大変です。\n * 渋谷でディナーは久しぶりです。\n\nThe following does not work:\n\n * ❌ 1人で学ぶは大変です。: Wrong\n\n* * *\n\nお父さんがコーチのクラブチーム is an example of something that can be called a の-marked\nrelative clause. A double-subject sentence `AはBがNだ` can become `BがNのA`. For\nexample, この本は表紙が緑色だ → 表紙が緑色の本 (green-covered book), この魔物は頭が鳥だ → 頭が鳥の魔物 (bird-\nheaded monster).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-01T01:58:20.150", "id": "95634", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-01T02:44:13.250", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-01T02:44:13.250", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95603", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Actually both は and が don't make sense.\n\nThis やるじゃん (or やるー, やるじゃないか, やるね, やりますね, etc.) is a fixed expression to praise\nthe ability of the person in front of the speaker. This type of short やる\ndoesn't take an explicit subject/topic, just as \"Well done\", \"Good job\", \"Way\nto go\" and so on are said without any subject in English. Here お前 is used to\naddress the person (\"(Hey) you!\"), so it doesn't take any particle.\n\n * [【豆知識24】『やるね!/いいね!』は英語で?](https://toshian.net/mame-24/)\n\nThat said, やる is occasionally used also as part of a longer sentence like so:\n\n> 彼はなかなかやる人だそうです。 \n> I've heard he is quite a capable person.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-30T02:27:10.650", "id": "95606", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-30T02:27:10.650", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95604", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "> 文学的で 退廃的で \n> 現実的で 空想的で \n> 感情的で 感傷的で \n> 快楽的で 壊滅的で \n> 絶対的で 普遍的で \n> 不自然な「今」の見方を\n\n「文学的で」「退廃的で」「現実的で」 etc... are all 連用形 (continuative form) of 形容動詞 (na-\nadjective).\n\nThey continue to 不自然な今の見方を.\n\n「文学的で退廃的で現実的で空想的で感情的で感傷的で快楽的で壊滅的で絶対的で普遍的で不自然な」 all modify the noun 「今」\n\nExamples:\n\n> きれいな + 静かな + 公園 → きれい **で** 静かな公園 (a clean and quiet park) \n> 独創的な + 画期的な + 商品 → 独創的 **で** 画期的な商品 (a creative and revolutionary product)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-30T12:11:59.913", "id": "95611", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-30T12:29:48.620", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-30T12:29:48.620", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95610", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This is a very interesting example of the difference usages of が and で.\n\n> それでいい\n\nIn this usage, で means something to the effect of \"That thing is good enough.\"\n\"It's okay.\" \"We don't need anything better than that. We will make do with\nit.\"\n\n> それがいい\n\nThis usage is a typical example of が being exhaustive listing. \"THAT thing is\ngood.\" \"THAT is what we want.\"\n\nSo for example if your spouse asks what you want to eat for dinner, you may\nsay 昨日のカレーでいい. \"Let's just have yesterday's leftover curry.\" You could do with\nother options, but you don't want to bother. Curry is okay. If you say カレーがいい,\nyou mean you really want to eat curry and that is the thing you want.", "comment_count": 12, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-30T19:32:26.087", "id": "95614", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-30T19:32:26.087", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95612", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "I personally tend to think of で as the \"context particle\". Another way of\nthinking of it is that a lot of the time it equates roughly with saying\n\"with/using\". So, with that interpretation, what「それでいい(です)(よ)」is actually\nsaying is:\n\n\"In the context of that (それで), it is good (いい)\" \nor \n\"with/using that (それで), it is good (いい)\"\n\nThat is, it is not saying that the thing itself is good (それはいい / それがいい) as\nmuch as it is saying that if we look at other things in the context of that,\nor do things using that, or apply that in some way to the situation, then\nthings (in general) will be good/sufficient/etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-02T00:08:17.410", "id": "95644", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-02T02:19:24.233", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-02T02:19:24.233", "last_editor_user_id": "35230", "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "95612", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "> のうみそがまめつぶぐらいしかない\n\nIt means the dog's のうみそ is so small as まめつぶ. You could rephrase it as\nのうみそがまめつぶくらいの大きさしかない.\n\n[豆粒]{まめつぶ} is used to talk about the size of something, often to say how small\nsomething is. Eg:\n\n> 展望台からは、地上の車が豆粒のように見えました。\n\nWords used like this include: [米粒]{こめつぶ}, [小豆]{あずき}, [拳]{こぶし}, [親指]{おやゆび},\n[小指]{こゆび}, ピンポン[玉]{だま}, テニスボール ...\n\n> ピンポン玉くらいを手のひらにとり、お顔全体に広げます。 \n> 米粒ほどの量をレンズの裏表に塗って、やわらかい布で拭きとってください。\n\nMost of these words can be used with a suffix [大]{だい}, like this:\n\n> [拳大]{こぶしだい}の唐揚げ \n> [米粒大]{こめつぶだい}のしこり \n> [小豆大]{あずきだい}の発疹", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-31T00:48:21.853", "id": "95619", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-31T04:04:59.273", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-31T04:04:59.273", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95613", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "As @Jimmy Yang's linked page suggests, トゴ is slang used in the context of\nusury, meaning 十日{とおか}で五割{ごわり}. Taking the first kana of each word we get トゴ.\nIt is an illegal practice to loan money at an abusive interest rate: 50% every\n10 days. In Japan it is known as 闇金{やみきん} (black market loans). Such high\ninterest is called 高金利{こうきんり}.\n\n>\n> トゴは10日経過するごとに5割の利息がつく方式で、3つの中では最も高い金利です。トゴで10万円を借りると10日で5万円、20日で10万円、30日で15万円の利息です。([source](https://saimusos.net/yamikin/53#toc5))", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-30T21:28:38.927", "id": "95618", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-30T21:28:38.927", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95616", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "That sentence seems a bit awkward to me, too. I think we usually use と to\nconnect nouns only. Here, 英語とフランス語の勉強をしたい + の forms some sort of noun\n(nominalizes) but 海外の友達を作りたい is a sentence. I guess that's why I feel it\nunnatural.\n\n> 英語とフランス語の勉強をしたり、海外の友達を作ったりしたい\n\nAs you pointed out, this seems fine since two sentences are connected. I would\nsay this way.\n\n> 英語とフランス語の勉強をして、海外の友達を作りたい\n\nTwo sentences are connected again. This is also fine.\n\n> 英語とフランス語の勉強と、海外の友達作りをしたい\n\nTwo nouns are connected and a verb したい follows. I think this is still OK,\nthough 友達作り seems a bit formal and strict.\n\nHere's the summary: If you want to connect nouns only, you can connect them\nwith と. If sentences only, connect them with して or たり. If their forms differ,\nunify them with one.\n\nAlthough the sentence is indeed unnatural, I guess young Japanese tend to use\nthis kind of words, especially on Twitter or something. I can take in the\nmeaning at least.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-02T05:29:35.983", "id": "95649", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-02T05:29:35.983", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "95617", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "I'm not a native speaker, but my feeling here is that it is basically like\nsaying \"up to this point\" in English. That is, it is talking about where they\nare in their progress along some path (of learning/conversation/etc), rather\nthan really talking about \"this moment in time\".\n\nYou could say 今まで, but I think this would have more of an implication of \"I\nhave been doing this (continuously) until just now\". これまで has more of a\nfeeling of \"I have been doing this to get to this point/situation/etc\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-01T23:45:43.063", "id": "95642", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-01T23:45:43.063", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "95621", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "まずは少し文法を勉強しないとな。 \nWhich is to say: to understand this construction, you \"need to\" learn how to\nexpress “need to” in Japanese. I recommend you read the following\ncomprehensive _Guide To Japanese_ article from start to finish: [_Expressing\n“must” or “have to”_](http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/must).\n\n* * *\n\nAs you'll see, there are many forms of what is essentially the same\nconstruction. The first half of that article covers the unabbreviated forms,\nwhich includes the と-form with 2 examples:\n\n```\n\n 毎日学校に行かないとだめです。\n Must go to school everyday.\n 宿題をしないといけない\n Have to do homework.\n \n```\n\nThe second part of that article mentions their abbreviated forms, which are\nactually a lot more commonly used than their verbose counterparts—in\nspoken/casual language at least. Here you'll find the abbreviated と-form too:\n\n> The 「と」 conditional is also used by itself to imply 「だめ／いけない／ならない」.\n```\n\n 学校に行かないと。\n Gotta go to school.\n \n```", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-31T06:52:08.393", "id": "95623", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-31T07:13:57.667", "last_edit_date": "2022-07-31T07:13:57.667", "last_editor_user_id": "5176", "owner_user_id": "5176", "parent_id": "95622", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "How about using the verb 「動く」 or the noun 「仕組み」...\n\n> How does this clock work? \n> 「この時計はどうやって動いているんですか。」\n\n> How does a refrigerator function? \n> 「冷蔵庫って、どういう仕組みになっているんですか。」", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-31T14:32:18.570", "id": "95626", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-31T14:32:18.570", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95624", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "To be honest, it doesn't make much sense, and I think what it means is just\nopen for (creative) interpretation. Songs and poems can sometimes do that.\n\nIt seems like the songwriter uses 儘 (まま) in other songs in a similar way.\nMaybe that's part of their personal language. From\n[暁光の唄](https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/349646/lyrics/I118717/)\n\n> 暗闇の時代に生まれて 儘 君と出逢い\n\nThe most plausible reading is まま, and as I said, it doesn't make sense in any\nof the two contexts. I might think it as \"naturally\" or \"automatically\",\nassociating it with other phrases that include it, such as そのまま. That's kind\nof a stretch, but it's the best I can do.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T10:16:18.160", "id": "95668", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T10:16:18.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95628", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "### Problem: odd grammar\n\nAs [Yusuke Matsubara](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/10531/)'s\nseparate [answer post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/95668/5229) notes,\nthe 儘【まま】 in the song lyrics doesn't make a lot of sense. In terms of the\ngrammar, 儘【まま】 is a noun, so syntactically, we would expect よう[な]{●} to\nprecede it, but instead we have よう[に]{●}, which produces an ungrammatical\nconstruction.\n\nI went digging to see if I could find any usage for 儘【まま】 that would fit the\nsyntax of the lyrics.\n\n### Reference\n\nMy go-to reference for Japanese is the monolingual 日本国語大辞典【にほんこくごだいじてん】 (NKD).\nThis is similar to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) in terms of the quality\nof the resource itself. The Kotobank reference aggregator provides free access\nto an abridged version of the NKD. Their entry for 儘【まま】 is\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%84%98%E3%83%BB%E9%9A%8F-2084126).\n\n### Finding the sense that fits\n\nAlmost all of the senses listed in the\n[entry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%84%98%E3%83%BB%E9%9A%8F-2084126) are for\nnouns, which would not work at all in the grammatical structure of the sample\nlyric line.\n\nOne sense that _could_ work is rather amusingly an editor's mark, using 儘【まま】\nto indicate that the text should remain as it is in the original. See sense\n[1]-⑥ in the NKD entry. This is probably not the source of the 儘【まま】 in the\nlyric, though, unless we assume that the manuscript went through a\nproofreading / editing pass, and then they accidentally kept that 儘【まま】 in\nplace. Unlikely, but funny to think about.\n\nAnother sense that would fit the structure, and which I think is the only one\nthat could meaningfully apply here, is sense [1]-⑤-(ロ). This sense derives\nfrom the fuller expression 儘【まま】よ, NKD entry\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%84%98%E3%82%88-635703#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8).\nThis is more like an interjection, and can fit into the grammar of the lyric.\nThe meaning basically works out to something like \"anyway; things will turn\nout as they will; it is what it is\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-01-03T20:46:42.837", "id": "97932", "last_activity_date": "2023-01-03T20:46:42.837", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "95628", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, only a few words (丸い and 四角い) have i-adjective forms. For others, you can\ntreat them as no-adjectives: 八角形の (octagonal), 星形の (star-shaped), 円柱形の\n(cylindrical) and so on. (Don't forget 形; 星の would mean \"starry\".)\n\nAlso note that 丸い and 四角い are suitable in everyday conversations but these are\nnot suitable in mathematical contexts. See [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/57446/5010). The \"technical\"\nversion for 丸(い) is 円/円形の (\"circle/circular\") or 球/球形の (\"sphere/spherical\").\n\n八角形的な and 八角形みたいな would mean \"octagon-ish\" (i.e., something not exactly\noctagonal).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-07-31T21:16:44.843", "id": "95631", "last_activity_date": "2022-07-31T21:16:44.843", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95629", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I believe that says 「クイッ」? Japanese people use a lot of onomatopoeias and a\nlot of them doesnt even make sense. Without context, I can take this as a\nlaughing sound or maybe when something smooth like a plate is getting\nscrubbed.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-01T12:18:46.880", "id": "95637", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-01T12:18:46.880", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54133", "parent_id": "95630", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "I guess your question is about the second って after もらう. This is a topic\nmarking use as you said, but you missed that だけ nominalizes お弁当作ってもらう. I feel\nlike it forms an adverb rather than a noun, though.\n\nExamples:\n\n> 考えるだけでぞっとする\n\n> 食って寝るだけでお金がもらえる仕事はないですか?\n\n> 2、3分外を歩くだけで頭がクラクラしてきた", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-02T06:40:46.967", "id": "95650", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-02T06:40:46.967", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "95633", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "When `ってだけでも` is written down, it becomes `というだけでも`, which implies\n`ということだけでも`. `だけ` here means \"only\" and `だけでも` means like \"enough only with\nsomething\".\n\nSo, the given sentence represents like, \"I'm already luck enough only with the\nfact that `お弁当作ってもらう`, (but you're still surving me more.)\"\n\nIt is similar to `というだけで`, which means \"only because of the reason\". They\nprovide a minimum condition.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T02:19:30.420", "id": "95661", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T02:19:30.420", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36794", "parent_id": "95633", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "You won't really need Kanji if you're only staying in Japan for a couple of\ndays. Perhaps an online translator would be enough. But when living in Japan,\nI would defenitely recommend you to learn kanji. Some words are pronounced the\nexact same way where you would have to \"guess\" the meaning of it using the\nwords around it. As a native, it's also very much easier to read long\nsentences with kanji rather than without them. (Kind of like reading english\nwith no spaces or punctuation)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-01T12:14:06.973", "id": "95636", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-01T12:14:06.973", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54133", "parent_id": "95635", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In that context, 同じです and 同じくです work the same, though the former is more\ncommon. But that does not mean they are always interchangeable.\n\n同じ and 同じく are not regular adjectives. There is no such an i-adjective as\n同じい*, and 同じく is a fixed adverb meaning \"likewise\" or \"similarly\". 同じく is\ntypically used when repeating the same opinion or in place of the same word.\n\n*Actually a large monolingual dictionary has an entry for 同じい as an i-adjective, but don't use it in modern standard Japanese. 同じく is the only allowed form.\n\n * A「私は反対です。」B「同じく私も反対です。」 \nA: \"I disagree.\" B: \"I disagree, too.\"\n\n * A「大阪から来た田中です。」B「同じく佐藤です。」 \nA: \"I am Tanaka from Osaka. B: \"I am Sato, also from Osaka.\"\n\n同じくです is not very common, but it's \"Same here\" or \"Ditto\". Thus you cannot use\n同じく in the following example:\n\n * A「XとYは違いますか？」B「同じです。」 \nA: \"Are X and Y different?\" B: \"They're the same.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-02T00:45:22.147", "id": "95645", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-02T05:00:34.943", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-02T05:00:34.943", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95638", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "お姉さん (\"onee-san\") is not only used to mean \"sister\". In common speech it is\nquite often used (particularly by kids/young adults) when talking to any young\nwoman who is older than them (particularly if they don't know her name). It is\noften similar to saying \"miss\", etc, in English. (the same is true with お兄さん\n(\"onii-san\") and guys)\n\nIn this case, it is really just a more respectful way to say \"you\" to a girl\nwho is older than her (in this sort of situation, using あなた, etc, would\nprobably come off as pretty rude, and as I remember, Chiho didn't actually\nknow Emi's name at this point, so she wouldn't be able to use her name).\n\nLikewise, おばさん and おじさん are often used to address somewhat older men/women in\ngeneral (basically similar to \"ma'am\" and \"mister\"), and おばあさん and おじいさん are\nsometimes used to address old ladies and old men (one should be very careful\nabout the pronunciation of おばさん and おじさん, though, because if you hold the\nvowel a little too long, you can end up calling someone \"old woman\" when you\nmeant to just say \"ma'am\", etc (there are many tropes about young kids making\nthis mistake and (vain) women getting annoyed at being called \"granny\" before\ntheir time, etc))", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-01T23:14:43.677", "id": "95641", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-01T23:14:43.677", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "95639", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I have a different answer: Chi says onee-san twice before motokano. Hence,\nit's not sarcastic. Lol.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-12-13T18:12:16.453", "id": "97629", "last_activity_date": "2022-12-13T18:12:16.453", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10230", "parent_id": "95639", "post_type": "answer", "score": -3 } ]

[ { "body": "It's a wago and kango pair that is synonymous in a lot of cases. 遠くに is more\ncommon in speech, 遠方に is more common in writing.\n\nThat said, the meaning of 遠くに can be broader, while 遠方に is almost always about\ndistant location (that would require travel). 遠くに can well be relative while\n遠方に is rarely if at all.\n\n> あなたの席から一番遠くにいる人は誰ですか。\n\ncan be used in a classroom, while あなたの席から一番遠方にいる人は誰ですか sounds a bit strange.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-01T23:47:21.843", "id": "95643", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-01T23:47:21.843", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95640", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This み is 身 or one's body.\n[～に身を任せる](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%BA%AB%E3%82%92%E4%BB%BB%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B)\nis a set phrase that means \"to give oneself up to ～\".\n\n時に身を任せる (\"to give oneself to time\") is a little poetic expression, but it\nshould imply \"not to go against the flow of time\", \"to let what happens\nhappen\", etc.\n\n身 **に** 任せて (身 is marked with に) is not a set phrase, but it should mean\nsomething along the lines of \"(Stop thinking and) let your body do the work\",\n\"Listen to what your body says\", \"Leave it to your body\", etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-02T01:01:00.827", "id": "95647", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-02T01:09:39.377", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-02T01:09:39.377", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95646", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Here, も isn't being used to mean `also` but rather `(not) at all` or `(not)\neven`.\n\nSo, the phrase `一睡もできなかった` here is referring to the speaker's inability to get\n**even** a small amount of sleep, which is translated to/inferred as being\nkept awake all night", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-02T10:02:26.753", "id": "95652", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-02T10:02:26.753", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51988", "parent_id": "95648", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "Basically, it’s like saying this as we do in emails:\n\n> Subject: Every time America pretends to be…\n\nBut nowadays, we also use it to say things in a funny way. Here’s my guess: 件\nis more like a formal word, so it’s a bit awkward to say it in a casual\nconversation and that makes us feel it funny.\n\nThere’s a manga named 転生したらスライムだった件, which is exactly the case.\n\nWe have another word 説 similar to 件, but the topic has to be your assumption.\n\n> 四国がオーストラリアに変わっていても意外と気付かない説", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-02T15:03:58.767", "id": "95654", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-02T15:03:58.767", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "19830", "parent_id": "95651", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "おっしゃる通り、その教科書に記載の文では何を言いたいのかわかりません。\n\nAaronさんが添削された下記の文なら、意味がとおります。\n\n> あさっての日曜日は暇ですか。\n\n下記のように言うこともありますよ。\n\n> あさっては日曜日ですが、暇ですか。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T01:38:12.357", "id": "95660", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T01:38:12.357", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36794", "parent_id": "95653", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "First, 人だ does not actually mean \"a person exists\". That would actually be\n人がいる. 人だ actually says \"(it) is a person\" (that is, it is describing some\nother thing as being a person).\n\nだ/です (\"is\") is a bit special in Japanese in that unlike verbs (or unlike other\nverbs, depending on whether you consider だ itself to actually be a verb or not\n(opinions differ)), it always takes an argument immediately before it (without\nany particle). This argument is generally either a noun or a な-adjective.\n\nSo in this sentence, 人 is a noun, and だ is the _copula_ (the verb/grammatical\nconstruct which expresses equivalence), which always comes immediately\nfollowing the noun/な-adjective which it is saying something is.\n\nAs far as \"part of speech\" it could arguably be considered to be the \"object\"\nof the copula (more formally referred to as a \"predicate\"), but unlike other\nverbs the copula just does not use を to indicate its object, but instead just\nimmediately follows it. Alternately you could say that it has a part of speech\nwhich doesn't have an equivalent term in English (I'm not sure if there is a\nJapanese term for it or not)..", "comment_count": 9, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-02T19:12:05.050", "id": "95656", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-02T20:06:13.923", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-02T20:06:13.923", "last_editor_user_id": "35230", "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "95655", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This [早々](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%97%A9%E3%80%85) is yet another noun that\ncan form a subordinate clause. Just as 始まった時 means \"when it starts\" and 始まった瞬間\nmeans \"the moment it starts\", 始まった早々 means \"soon after it starts\" or \"not too\nlong after it starts\". 早々 can optionally take に, and the verb before it can be\na te-form (e.g., 始まった早々 = 始まった早々に = 始まって早々 = 始まって早々に).\n\n早々 never takes と, and this となりで is 隣で (\"next to me\").", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T00:52:24.503", "id": "95659", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T00:52:24.503", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95658", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "1. 今 modifies the sentence's verb, やっている.\n\n 2. ところだ emphasizes やっている. It is used to emphasize the situation that something is really happening and it comes the end of a sentence. It is also correct to say \"今それをやっている。\" , which translated more like \"I am doing it now.\" Both sentences basically mean the same, but \"今それをやっているところだ。\" sounds bit stronger. I would imagine a situation like\n\nMom asked a boy, \"Have you done your homework?\" Boy says \"今それをやっている。\" (I am\ndoing it now.)\n\nand a minute later she asked again \"Are you doing your homework?\", then the\nboy would say \"今それをやっているところだ。\" (I am working on it.)\n\nI think it is ところ+だ and this だ is a particle... But not sure of this part as I\nam a Japanese native and haven't learned Japanese grammar at school.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T05:29:49.203", "id": "95664", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T07:39:32.500", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-03T07:39:32.500", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "54142", "parent_id": "95662", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "In this sentence ころ is used as \"when\", so the parsing is トムは(高校生のころ)(拒食症になった)?\n\nSmth like \"Tome became anorexic when a high school student\"\n\nSo, it's a separate clause if you like.\n\nCan't resist putting unrelated quote from Three in a boat \"... and wish I'd\nbeen kinder to my little sister when a boy\"\n\nAlso see here [What does の頃【ころ】 mean in this\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15308/what-\ndoes-%e3%81%ae%e9%a0%83-%e3%81%93%e3%82%8d-mean-in-this-sentence) , it seems\nit' especially common usage with high school for some reason", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T08:21:08.703", "id": "95666", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T08:26:42.677", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-03T08:26:42.677", "last_editor_user_id": "39017", "owner_user_id": "39017", "parent_id": "95663", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "死んでほしい人 is just fine. It is understood as meaning a person or people you wish\ndead unless context suggests a different interpretation. You can also say\n俺が死んでほしい人 if you need to make it clear you are the one wishing, of course.\n\nThe same phrase (without 俺が, of course) could mean a person or people who wish\nsomeone else dead, but who that someone is needs to be clear from context in\nthat case. If not, this interpretation is unlikely. Besides, if the one\nwishing is a third person, you would more likely say （〜に）死んでほしがっている人.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T09:25:55.037", "id": "95667", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T09:25:55.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "95665", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This is a very subjective topic and it really depends on what your end goals\nare / why you're learning the language.\n\nSince you're learning it to go on a short trip, I would recommend learning at\nleast some basic kanji, as there may be some situations in which you would\nhave to read them, however I don't think it's necessary, and you could\ndefinitely survive without learning any.\n\nI could be wrong though; I'd just say learn them if you feel like you want to,\nand don't if you don't.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T14:32:20.303", "id": "95670", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T14:32:20.303", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51988", "parent_id": "95669", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "You really should, because it is really an important part of their language.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T17:12:24.413", "id": "95672", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T17:12:24.413", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54138", "parent_id": "95669", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "[It's being used\nadverbially](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%B8%80%E9%9D%A2/#jn-12834),\nand emphasises that the _whole surface_ was covered in blood. Perhaps you can\nimagine a floor which was 血まみれ (\"bloodstained\") but not covered from edge to\nedge in blood — this emphasises the completeness of the coverage, for dramatic\neffect.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-03T18:45:49.697", "id": "95674", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-03T18:45:49.697", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "95673", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "It's technically two words, それ (\"that\") + で (\"with ～\"), but it's treated\nalmost as a one fixed word meaning \"So...\" or \"And...\".\n\nそれで is sometimes used even at the very beginning of a conversation (English\n\"so\" happens to be used like this, too), so the literal meaning of それ is often\nnot important when people say それで.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-04T02:00:03.757", "id": "95676", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-04T02:00:03.757", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95675", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Firstly, it is important to note that the kanji of どこ is rarely used, and same\nfor ある. In addition, in your question, you wrote `有る` which is the incorrect\nkanji for this usage of ある (有る represents possession; 在る represents location).\n\nTo answer your question, they are basically interchangeable, however\n`○○はどこにありますか` is a more polite way of saying `○○はどこですか`, so which one you use\ndepends on the person with whom you're speaking.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-04T09:25:41.543", "id": "95682", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-04T15:01:15.023", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-04T15:01:15.023", "last_editor_user_id": "51988", "owner_user_id": "51988", "parent_id": "95677", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "I think there are commas for pauses when spoken, and commas more for visual\n(or typographic) separation. The one suggested here seems to be the latter. In\nparticular the four kanji sequence 今日大雪 can look like a word at a glance, when\nit is not. A comma between words help people scan more easily.\n\nAlso a pause between 今日 and 大雪 is not so unreasonable, although a pause\nbetween カナダでは and 今日 might be more common (or longer).\n\nIt's also possible to have both, although some may say that's excessive.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-04T08:41:08.067", "id": "95681", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-04T08:49:47.643", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-04T08:49:47.643", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95679", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "In the present progressive (て + いる), the い is often dropped. Thus, 見てない =\n見ていない (short form of 見ていません)! :)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-04T19:50:59.283", "id": "95690", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-04T19:50:59.283", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54159", "parent_id": "95680", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "It’s a colloquial form of 見ていない, which is the plain negative form of 見ている,\nwhich in turn is a result of combining 見る (“to see”) and いる (“to be”) in the\n`[V て-form]-いる` construction. This could mean, depending on the context,\neither you do the “seeing” and “being” at the same time (“be seeing”) or you\n“see” and then “be” in a state that results from that “seeing.” The latter may\nbe translated with the present perfect (“have seen”) in English. 見てない in your\nexample is the negative of this. You are not in a state of having done the\n\"seeing.\"\n\nThat’s if you have to dissect it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-05T02:39:41.727", "id": "95696", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-05T02:39:41.727", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "95680", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The `か` here carries the meaning of `or`.\n\n`同じか２倍` can be broken down into `同じ` (same), `か` (or, in this case), and `２倍`\n(double). Therefore, it can be interpreted as \"Around the same, or double the\namount of rainfall [...]\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-04T12:14:09.057", "id": "95684", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-04T12:14:09.057", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51988", "parent_id": "95683", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You doing the act of the verb (that is used in the causative) is positive for\nyou in one way or another, and the person or people you are referring to (that\nwould be marked with に) contribute to making it possible. You may be really\ngrateful or just saying it because you are supposed to as in work settings, or\nmaybe you are being sarcastic.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-04T16:49:19.457", "id": "95688", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-05T00:25:07.143", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-05T00:25:07.143", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "95685", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The word application in Japanese is 「アプリケーション」. The shortened form (akin to\n`app`) is 「アプリ」, rather than just 「アップ」 as one might expect coming from\nEnglish.\n\nTherefore the word for `app store` is, as you'd expect, the word for app (アプリ)\n+ store (ストア): アプリストア", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-04T15:42:19.510", "id": "95687", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-14T19:00:56.543", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-14T19:00:56.543", "last_editor_user_id": "-1", "owner_user_id": "51988", "parent_id": "95686", "post_type": "answer", "score": 23 }, { "body": "From what I can tell it's actually called the \"App Store\" in English letters,\nwhere they sell アプリ.\n\nAs for the reason they prefer アプリ...\n\nJapanese like to shorten foreign borrowed words if they are longer than 3 or 4\nsounds because unlike English, there is no good way to blend nicely like in\nEnglish...you have to clearly say each.\n\nSaying most foreign-derived words out in this long form becomes very\ncumbersome.\n\nAnother example would be バイト (ba-ee-to) shortened from アルバイト (ah-ru-ba-ee-toe)\nmeaning part-time work which is derived from the German word \"Arbeit\" meaning\nwork or job.\n\nThe word \"application\" in Japanese is\n\nアプリケーションソフトウェア or just アプリケーション\n\nwhich you would say **ah-pu-ri-ke** (long) **-shon**\n\nThe abbreviated version アプリ has been around a lot longer than the the word\n\"app\" has been used in English, probably since the first commercial software\nbegan to be sold in Japan in the 70's. Most commonly refering to desktop\nsoftware or business software.\n\nWhen the word \"app\" became popular after smartphones arrived, the Japanese\nalready beat English to the \"let's make that darn word shorter and cooler\"\npunch... :)\n\nThey also use アプー (ap-pu) as well, to refer to just mobile apps. However the\napp store has both Apple desktop and mobile software...so I guess since アプリー\nis already so close to アプー there's no use in renaming all forms of software to\nnewer \"app\".\n\nThat's my best guess....\n\nThere could also be some copyright reasons that I 'm not aware of!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-05T04:53:20.143", "id": "95699", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-05T04:53:20.143", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41756", "parent_id": "95686", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "It sounds about right. 1,500-4,500 is not a big number considering the\npopulation of Japan (over 100 million). There are famous people with those\nsurnames.\n\n * [金木賢一](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8C%A0%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%9A)\n * [内匠政博](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%A8%E8%B3%A2%E4%B8%80)\n\nNote also that that website seems to classify names by their written forms,\nnot pronunciations. Both 内匠 and 金木 can have other readings that are not Takumi\nand Kaneki. (Conversely, Takumi and Kaneki can be spelled differently.)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-04T20:53:24.943", "id": "95691", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-04T20:53:24.943", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95689", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In short: Duolingo's Japanese pronunciation quality is not perfect. Most\nJapanese people would sense that it's not a native speaker here and there. Now\nthat said it's not so bad that one would have misunderstandings. I get the\nimpression of a very advanced Japanese learner (just not entirely a native\nspeaker).\n\nSome of the phrases it suggests are unnatural, though only subtly (and in\nfairness, most text book do this, too). It also rejects phrases that are\nperfectly natural sometimes (but again, many text books have the same\nproblem).\n\nIf you really want to excel in Japanese and speak as naturally as possible,\nperhaps it makes sense to avoid it. For casual learning or if you don't mind\nhearing/learning subtly unnatural pronunciation/phrasing here and there, I\nthink it's a fine app.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-10T09:41:32.293", "id": "95751", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-10T09:41:32.293", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "95692", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "など here is used to make light of 天国(に). This など is a less colloquial variation\nof なんか/なんて.\n\n * [JLPT N3 Grammar: なんか / なんて / など](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%8B-nanka-%E3%81%AA%E3%82%93%E3%81%A8-nante-%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9-nado-meaning/)\n\nThis とうに is [this](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%96%BE%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB). So:\n\n * 天国に行けない \nI cannot go to heaven\n\n * 天国に **など** 行けない \nI cannot go to (something like) heaven\n\n * 天国になど **とうに** 行けない \nI've long lost my right/chance to go to heaven", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-05T00:28:35.543", "id": "95695", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-05T00:28:35.543", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95694", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "First of all, まだ食べていない describes a current state while まだ食べなかった is about a\npast event.\n\nFor example:\n\n> 何度も勧めたが、彼はまだ食べなかった。\n\nThis まだ means “still” in the sense of “nevertheless.” It doesn’t necessarily\nimply that he ate later. He refused to eat at a particular point of time in\nthe past.\n\nIt could also be used to describe a past habitual state, in practice\ninterchangeably with まだ食べていなかった.\n\n> 日本に来た当時は納豆をまだ食べなかった。\n\nThis まだ means “not yet.” It does imply that this person got into the habit of\neating nattō later.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-05T04:14:11.637", "id": "95698", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-05T04:14:11.637", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "95697", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This grammar can be broken down into two parts:\n\nFirst of all, `にする` is a grammar point on its own (see\n<https://www.kanshudo.com/grammar/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B> for reference),\nwhich in this case carries the meaning of `causing a state to be so`.\n\nThe verb する is then changed to させる in its **causative** for, emphasizing the\nnegative nature of the 嫌な気持. (See: [Difference between にさせる vs にする（as in\n幸せにさせる vs\n幸せにする)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/7051/difference-\nbetween-%e3%81%ab%e3%81%95%e3%81%9b%e3%82%8b-vs-%e3%81%ab%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b-as-\nin-%e5%b9%b8%e3%81%9b%e3%81%ab%e3%81%95%e3%81%9b%e3%82%8b-vs-%e5%b9%b8%e3%81%9b%e3%81%ab%e3%81%99%e3%82%8b)\nand [Difference between 人を不安にさせる and\n人を不安にする](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/90676/difference-\nbetween-%E4%BA%BA%E3%82%92%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%89%E3%81%AB%E3%81%95%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B-and-%E4%BA%BA%E3%82%92%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%89%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B))", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-05T07:59:37.933", "id": "95701", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-05T07:59:37.933", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51988", "parent_id": "95700", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "> 鑑識には顔が利く、徹底的に調べさせます\n\nmeans\n\n> （私が）鑑識（課）には顔が利く。（私が鑑識課に）徹底的に調べさせます。 \n> \"I have contacts in the crime lab. I will have them analyze the items\n> thoroughly.\"\n\n鑑識 in this line means 鑑識課, \"crime lab\". From 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> 鑑識 \n> ➋ 犯罪捜査で、指紋・声紋・足跡・血痕などの資料を科学的に調べること。 **また、その係。**\n\n* * *\n\n(But 鑑識 in 「これの鑑識お願いできますか？」 means \"identification\".)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-05T15:11:16.407", "id": "95705", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-05T15:37:42.403", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-05T15:37:42.403", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95703", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "Your question contains more than a couple of grammar peculiarities. The\nmeaning is \"I feel insecure whenever this person is around.\", \nBUT, \n\"この人間” (this person) is someone close to the speaker at that time, so that\nyour phrase is mostly supposed to be uttered by someone in a group, while\nsomeone in the group is speaking or doing something. \nIt is a phrase that could be uttered by a girl who feels somewhat assaulted by\nsomebody.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-07T19:26:35.887", "id": "95733", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-07T19:26:35.887", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54199", "parent_id": "95707", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "If I understood the question correctly:\n\nYes, (I don't know if most common, but) at least I think it does sound pretty\nnatural if someone says e.g.: 君が[e.g.近くに]いると安心できない\n\nAs to the この人, at least I'd say that you esp. in the contexts as above, can\nalso use it to refer to yourself, like in;\n\n[分かってるよ、]この人がいると安心出来ない[っすよね。]", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-05-05T15:47:04.367", "id": "99529", "last_activity_date": "2023-05-05T15:47:04.367", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34261", "parent_id": "95707", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "You are right in that に would be more normal. It is an idiosyncratic choice of\nthe author to use で, which means _by, with_ here.\n\nに見えた would just mean _the face looked **like** his own_. で見えた gives a nuance\nthat _the visual impression given by the face **was replaced by his own**_ ,\ni.e., シン was in the state of looking at a mirror when he saw the guy.\n\n* * *\n\nThe closest (more common) usage of で would be \"(の声) **で** 再生される\". For example\n\n * 自分の世代は、「僕ドラえもん」は大山のぶ代で再生される。\n * For those of my generation, 僕ドラえもん is played with/by/in the voice of Nobuyo Ohyama\n\n(Note: Oyama is the original voice actress of Doraemon, who was replaced quite\na while ago. The phrase is characteristic of Doraemon, just like オッスおら悟空 for\nGoku of Dragonball.).\n\nFYI: A related word (kind of internet slang) is\n[脳内再生](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E8%84%B3%E5%86%85%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-06T00:17:49.160", "id": "95713", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-06T00:17:49.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95708", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This is just a weird graphic variant of 求める, so your guess as to the meaning\nis right.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-05T22:05:15.040", "id": "95711", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-05T22:05:15.040", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "95710", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Regarding the particular case, I think your understanding (from other sites)\nshould be fine, although it does not necessarily intimidate Moeha. It sounds\nlike emphasizing Kaguya's status as an elder - one who instructs, educates her\njuniors. In a sense, it may be like using a full name in English.\n\nAlso, using first name alone here may make it sound more like a serious advice\ncompared with using Moeha-chan (using Moeha-san won't make much difference to\nme).\n\nI think (could be wrong), temporary switching from Dex to Dexter could happen.\nIt may imply something but could be just a whim and doesn't mean much. Things\nare sometimes similar in Japanese.\n\n* * *\n\nJust two examples I was able to pin down from memory.\n\n 1. In [Weathering with You](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering_with_You), Natsumi calls Hodaka as Hodaka-kun, in the near last scene, Natsumi helps Hodaka run away from the police with a motorbike, which bumps into a pond, Hodaka then runs along the railway. Towards him, Natsumi shouts \"Hodaka, hashire (Hodaka, run)\". This dropping of kun may sound natural because it is an imperative, but does not mean a lot.\n\n 2. In [Yotsuba&](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotsuba%26!) (vol 5, p148), Father speaks to Yotsuba (his child) with \"Yotsuba-san\". This is an example of addition of \"san\" to his own child. This could be an indication of Father being taken aback by Yotsuba's behavior, and makes it sound his seriously wondering what the child is trying to do.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-06T07:23:01.383", "id": "95714", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-06T07:23:01.383", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95712", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's often a verbal irony, in that the speaker means the opposite without\nsaying it. So the speaker's inner thought could be \"I think that's\nunproductive/going nowhere, I'd stop it\".\n\nPixiv has this tag:\n<https://dic.pixiv.net/a/%E4%B8%80%E7%94%9F%E3%82%84%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%82%8D>\n\nIn doujin context, it looks like it means something like \"[you two are]\nhopelessly in love\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-07T10:00:54.680", "id": "95725", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-07T10:06:28.343", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-07T10:06:28.343", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95715", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "一生やってろ （一生やっていろ）Your translation is correct, but the taste of the phrase\nresides in the verb \"yaru\" (that also means \"do sex\"), so the phrase is a way\nof laughing about married couples (\"do sex with that lady for the rest of your\nlife\"). \nIt is basically a phrase that defines a single guy.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-07T19:13:47.953", "id": "95732", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-07T19:13:47.953", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54199", "parent_id": "95715", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]

[ { "body": "The Japanese subs are full of small typos. I found at least 9 errors in the\nfirst 5 minutes of the video alone, and it's hard to believe a native Japanese\nspeaker did this. I recommend not using them as your learning material. In\nparticular, the part you quoted contains as many as 4 errors.\n\nWrong:\n\n> 本日、午前十一時頃、神奈川 **縣** 横浜市のアパートで、30前後と見られ男性が、血まみれで死亡しているところ **と** が見つか **れ** 、…\n\nCorrect:\n\n> 本日、午前十一時頃、神奈川 **県** 横浜市のアパートで、30前後と見られ **る** 男性が、血まみれで死亡しているところが見つか **り** 、…\n\n* * *\n\n> 1. The sentence is translated into English as having the passive past\n> tense \"a man...was found\". But none of the verbs in this sentence are in the\n> past tense?\n>\n\nIn Japanese, the past tense is expected only at the end of a compound sentence\n(e.g., \"朝食を **食べ** 学校に行きました\" = \"I **ate** breakfast and went to school\"). The\nfinal part of this sentence, which should be in the past tense, has been cut\nout. The final part would be something like 警察が捜査を始めました.\n\n> 2. Why is と見られ being used in its stem form here? Does the stem form\n> somehow convert a verb into an adjective?\n>\n\nIt's a typo. It must have been 見られる.\n\n> 3. Why is the verb before 男性, instead of at the end of the clause? (I\n> thought verbs always go at the end of clauses?)\n>\n\nIt's a simple example of relative clauses. 見られる _is_ at the end of a relative\nclause 30前後と見られる which modifies 男性. 30前後と見られる男 = \"a man who appears as being\naround 30\".\n\n> 4. Is the と particle at the end of this being used as a quote particle\n> (with 見つかれ)?\n>\n\n30前後 is not a sentence but a noun phrase, so it's a と described\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/55169/5010). This type of と\nroughly corresponds to English 'as'.\n\n> 5. What is the function of ところ? Is it modifying \"死亡している\" to mean \"are dead\n> at the spot\", or is it modifying \"見つかれ\" to mean \"were found at the spot\"?\n>\n\nIt's not that ところ is not modifying 死亡している, but that 死亡している is modifying ところ.\nRemember that Japanese is [strictly head-\nfinal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_\\(linguistics\\)#Head-\ninitial_vs._head-final_languages), i.e., a phrase never modifies a phrase that\ncomes before. For the meaning of this ところ, see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27541/5010).\n\n> 6. Why is the ending verb in the imperative?\n>\n\nIt's a typo, it must have been 見つかり.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-08T02:26:54.267", "id": "95737", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-08T02:43:38.947", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-08T02:43:38.947", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95718", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "This is ultimately up to the creator's preference. As far as proper nouns like\ncharacter names are concerned, you will find lots of inconsistencies. シィ is\nnot the most common way of elongating シ, but uncommon spellings like this\nsometimes feel more exotic or fascinating. 'Mary' is usually katakanized as\nマリー in academic contexts, but マリィ is also very common in fictional works.\n\nAs for リュウ, there is another reason. As a rule, Pokémon names have to be\nalways in katakana, but etymologically, they contain many Japanese- or\nChinese-origin words (wago and kango) that are normally written in hiragana or\nkanji. In such cases, people usually follow the original, hiragana rules of\nelongating vowels. For example, in real biological contexts, オオカミ (wolf) is\nnot オーカミ, and コウモリ (bat) is not コーモリ because these are traditional Japanese\nwords (see also [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20840/5010)).\nHowever, this is not an ironclad rule when naming fictional characters, and\nyou will see both リュウ and リュー in the name of dragon-like Pokémons.\n\nTo take another example, the standard katakana spellings of Tokyo and New York\nare トウキョウ and ニューヨーク, respectively. The former does not use long vowel markers\nbecause it's a Japanese word that is normally written in kanji (東京). However,\nトーキョー is not an uncommon spelling in manga, ads and such when people want to\nemphasize the vibe of \"Tokyo as an international city\" or \"Cyberpunk Tokyo\".\nIn the field of creative writing and branding, people sometimes intentionally\nuse ニュウヨーク or even ニュウヨォク to add some additional exotic flavor.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-07T03:07:59.720", "id": "95722", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-07T11:30:03.173", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-07T11:30:03.173", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95721", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's somewhere between 2人に1人 (1/2 = 0.5 = 50%) and 3人に1人 (1/3 = 0.33 = 33%).\n1/2.7 is 0.37, so you can understand 2.7人に1人 as \"3.7 in 10\" or \"37% of them\".\nThis type of expression is not unique to Japanese, but it's used mainly in\nacademic writings.\n\n**EDIT:** As for the pronunciation, it's に **い** てんななにんにひとり. [に has to be\nelongated](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/56517/5010).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-07T09:33:03.210", "id": "95724", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-08T01:32:42.353", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-08T01:32:42.353", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95723", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Yes, 2.7人 is read にてんななにん. In this case, I don't see why one can't rewrite it\nas 100人に37人 instead, though. (Perhaps because that would be too long?)\n\nAs for the pronunciation, the prolonged にーてん might be more common, but I think\nthat's besides the point.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-07T10:13:37.953", "id": "95726", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-07T10:13:37.953", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "95723", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "How about...\n\n> あたたかく[迎]{むか}え[入]{い}れてくれて、ありがとうございました。\n\n* * *\n\n紹介してくれてありがとうございました would mean \"Thank you for introducing/referring me (to\nsomeone).\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-07T13:04:42.267", "id": "95728", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-07T13:22:47.160", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-07T13:22:47.160", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "95727", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "There is no difference in meaning, but in casual conversations, しないといけない is\nmuch more common (perhaps simply because it's shorter). しなくてはいけない would sound\npompous if used in real informal conversations between friends or family\nmembers. しなくては is natural if the speaker is an\n[ojōsama](https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2018/05/ojousama.html) or a\nstereotypical gentlemen in manga/anime.\n\nしなくては is preferred in business settings, and it's often combined with なりません (a\npoliter version of いけません).\n\n * 時計を直さなくてはなりません。\n * もう帰らなくてはならない時間です。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-08T01:47:23.620", "id": "95736", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-08T01:47:23.620", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95729", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You can think the basic meaning of ますます is 'increasingly' or 'even more'.\nEtymologically, it's from 増す ('to increase'). It's used when the initial\ndegree is already strong, and the gradual change is **in the same direction**\n(e.g., from hot to extremely hot; from dangerous to very dangerous). You\ncannot use ますます to describe the change in the opposite direction (e.g., from\nhot to cold; from very hot to mildly hot) or the change from zero (e.g., from\ncomfortable to hot; from safe to dangerous). In addition, it may be wise to\navoid combining ますます with phrases like 低くなる, 少なくなる, etc., because the original\nsense of 'increasing' is not completely lost (更に is a safe replacement in such\ncases).\n\nTherefore, you cannot use ますます to describe a change from 'weird' to 'nice', or\nfrom 'interesting' to 'boring'; you cannot reverse the direction with it. In\nEnglish, 'more and more' may be used when the direction is reversed, but ますます\ndoesn't work in such a case. In your examples, if ますます were used, people would\nexpect something like this:\n\n> 1. 紹介された時 **から(既に)** 変わった人だと思ったが、何度か会って話している間に **ますます** 変わった人だと思うようになった。\n> 2. この映画は、最初 **から** 面白かったが、 **ますます** 面白くなっていった。\n>\n\nNote that the contrastive-wa in the first half of the sentence needs to be\nremoved, too.\n\nOn the other hand, だんだん is just \"gradually\". Don't think だんだん is always safer.\nFor example, you **cannot** say the following:\n\n> 1. ❌紹介された時は変わった人だと思ったが、何度か会って話している間に **だんだん** 変わった人だと思うようになった。\n> 2. ❌この映画は、最初は面白かったが、 **だんだん** 面白くなっていった。\n>", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-08T01:09:10.123", "id": "95735", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-08T09:51:54.270", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-08T09:51:54.270", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95734", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "(According to web searches,) there is a distinction called [意志動詞 and\n無意志動詞](http://www7a.biglobe.ne.jp/nifongo/1h93fy/ishi.html). The former\ndenotes the verbs that express voluntary actions.\n\nThe rule is that there is no potential form for 無意志動詞, which 合う in 気が合う\nbelongs to.\n\nFor comparison, 分かり合う is a voluntary action, so 分かり合える is fine.\n\n(Another confusing element may be the English \"get along\", which may well be\nunderstood as a voluntary action.)\n\n* * *\n\nAnother example may be instructive (partially from the link above).\n\n * 医者になる → 医者になれる\n * 春になる → ~~春になれる~~\n\nTo be a doctor is something one does at her own will, but the coming of spring\nis not. Hence the difference.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-09T14:48:25.197", "id": "95742", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-09T14:48:25.197", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95740", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "According to [this answer on\nchiebukuro](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13257939583),\nassuming I understood it correctly, the word まじめ existed in Japanese before\nthe kanji 真面目 were assigned to it and it came from the phrase まじまじと見る, which\nmeans to take a long hard look at; to look (someone) full in the face.\n\n真面目 also previously existed as a separate word read as しんめんもく, which means\none's true character; one's true self; one's true worth.\n\nRelated to this is the expression, 廬山の真面目（ろざんのしんめんもく）which comes from one of\nthe works (題西林壁, Tí xīlín bì) of a Chinese author (蘇軾, Sū shì). It seems to\nhave been a metaphor to express the idea that you should take a careful look\nat something before you can truly understand it as a whole; the idea being\nthat 廬山, a mountain in China (Mt. Lúshān), is an extremely large thing with\nvarious peaks and points to stand upon and look at the mountain from. Viewing\nthe mountain from each peak would give you a different view of the mountain,\nin another sense, it would be hard to visualize how the mountain looks from\neach spot alone, so I guess the only way to do so would be to carefully look\nat it from various angles.\n\nThe answerer seems to suggest this is one possible way to link the two words\ntogether to explain how it got the reading, but they also state that\n真面目（しんめんもく）by itself also meant serious/earnest (this meaning of it is\nobsolete now), and since まじめ, the already existing Japanese word, also meant\nthis as well, they hypothesize that まじめ was assigned as another way to read\n真面目 as 当て字.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-09T16:08:37.480", "id": "95743", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-09T16:08:37.480", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "17915", "parent_id": "95741", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Literally Xの限りを尽くす means _to do X to the extreme/to the highest degree_.\nPractically, it is an expression to emphasize the degree of X.\n\n略奪の限りを尽くす is almost a set phrase, it means _to rob/rip off (someone)\nmercilessly_ or _to take whatever they want_ in the particular context.\n\nSimilar usage:\n\n * 暴虐の限りを尽くす to behave violently in the worst possible way.\n * 飽食の限りを尽くす to eat every possible gorgeous food/to enjoy a variety of gourmet meals", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-09T21:43:06.727", "id": "95745", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-09T21:43:06.727", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95744", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It’s the ます-stem of やれる, which is the potential form of やる. The particle も (or\nは) may be inserted between a ます-stem and the auxiliary verb する like that.\n\nやれ **も** した means the same as やること **も** できた. The latter expresses the\npotentiality by できた.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-10T02:27:18.470", "id": "95748", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-10T02:27:18.470", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "95747", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "I think it is using a wrong kanji, strictly speaking.\n\n * [元](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%9C%AC_%28%E3%82%82%E3%81%A8%29/#jn-219563) refers to _source_ like 怪我が元で仕事を辞めた\n\n * [下](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E4%B8%8B_%28%E3%82%82%E3%81%A8%29/) means _under_. Could be written also as 許.\n\n彼の下{もと}で護衛を務める could mean (1) _to work as a guard for him_ or (2) _to work as\na guard under him ( \"he\" is also a guard)_. To me, 彼の下{した}で makes the\ninterpretation (2) more likely.\n\nRegarding the particle, here 務める means a state rather than a movement, so で is\nmuch more natural. 下に works better for action like 彼の下に集まる (gather around him\nas a leader). Also, a phrase like 法の下に平等である (equal under the law) is natural\ndespite its being a state, but this kind of に should be only for\nwritten/strained expressions.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-10T06:53:02.713", "id": "95750", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-10T06:53:02.713", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "95749", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "A song titled \"うっせぇわ\" caught on a few years ago and its \"わ\" is the same use\ncase as yours (うるさいわ>うるせえわ>うっせぇわ. Probably equivalent to \"Stuff you.\").\n\nThe chorus part starts with \"うっせぇうっせぇうっせぇわ.\" \"うっせぇ\" is repeated three times\nand \"わ\" is added only to the last one. By doing so, listener understands that\nthe first two just came out and the last one was winged to somebody. \"わ\" in\nthis case also adds stubborn (and in most cases hostile) tone.\n\nSimilar examples are:\n\n * 知らんわ (\"Who cares?\" Originally a local phrase, but used coutrywide now.)\n * 片腹痛いわ (\"That's hilarious coming from you.\" An old-fashioned phrase.)\n * うちはそういう仕事はせんのだわ (\"We never accept that sort of bussiness offers.\" Not necessarily be hostile, but stubborn.)\n\nall used irrespective of gender.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-19T12:57:18.477", "id": "95891", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-19T13:19:23.890", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-19T13:19:23.890", "last_editor_user_id": "54245", "owner_user_id": "54245", "parent_id": "95752", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It's more than attributive usage - it's actually a relative clause, because it\ncan be a whole sentence (clause) before a verb.\n\n今日買った本 book that (I) bought yesterday\n\n本を買った人man that bought a book\n\nEtc\n\nSo it can be past, present, negative, ている form, whatever. However, masu forms\nare not used in relative clauses.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-10T21:36:57.533", "id": "95759", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-10T21:36:57.533", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39017", "parent_id": "95753", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "> Is every form of Japanese verbs attributive?\n\nNo. The imperative form and the hypothetical form never modify a noun. 知れ人 and\n知れば人 are always wrong.\n\nMost other \"forms\" (or strictly speaking,\n[助動詞](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/63365/5010)) work attributively,\nbut a few have a special attributive version. In particular, forms that end\nwith -だ/-です (知りそうだ, 知るようだ) becomes -な when used attributively (知りそうな人,\n知るような人).\n\nIn classical Japanese, many verbs, adjectives and 助動詞 looked different when\nused attributively (e.g., 日落つ = \"The sun sets\", 落つる日 = \"the sun that sets\").", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-10T22:39:33.023", "id": "95760", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-11T00:29:54.467", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-11T00:29:54.467", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95753", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "Out of modern 6 inflexion bases by definition only attributive (連体形) is used\nattributively. Note that な is an attributive form of copula だ, and た is an\nattributive form of helper verb つ.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T04:32:26.840", "id": "100786", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T04:32:26.840", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "3371", "parent_id": "95753", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "If I understand correctly, there are very few verb pairs that potentially have\nthis problem, and they have different pitch accent patterns when conjugated to\npotential forms:\n\n * **着** : きれる【LHH】★ can wear\n * **切** : きれる【LHL】 can cut\n * **変** : かえれる【LHHH】★ can change\n * **帰** : かえれる【LHHL】 can go back\n\n★: nonstandard ra-nuki. 居る/要る are also an ichidan/godan pair, but the\npotential form of 要る is not used.\n\nBy the way, some potential forms look and sound identical to the dictionary\nform of a different verb (even without ra-nuki):\n\n * **買** : かえる【LHH】 can buy\n * **変** : かえる【LHH】 to change\n * **会** : あえる【LHL】 can meet\n * **和** : あえる【LHL】 to dress (on salad/vegetable)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-10T22:52:04.800", "id": "95761", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-11T03:12:27.007", "last_edit_date": "2022-08-11T03:12:27.007", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "95754", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It's 禁止法, not 防止法. 防止 means prevention. You say 防止策 or 防止対策 (ways to prevent).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-08-10T20:07:22.350", "id": "95757", "last_activity_date": "2022-08-10T20:07:22.350", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "95755", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]