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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

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[ { "body": "Possible expressions are:\n\n> A1 - 生徒が8人います \n> B1 - 生徒8人がいます \n> C1 - 8人生徒がいます \n> D1 - 8人の生徒がいます\n\n> A2 - 花を3本摘んだ \n> B2 - 花3本を摘んだ \n> C2 - 3本花を摘んだ \n> D2 - 3本の花を摘んだ\n\nIt believe A and C are considered to have an adverbial counter.\n\nAs you said, 「花を3本見た」 might be less common, possibly because the act of seeing\nmight correlate less frequently with counting. (As in, you can vaguely look at\nflowers without counting them.) However, it doesn't seem like it will affect\nadverbial and non-adverbial usages differently.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-18T04:14:06.800", "id": "96262", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-18T04:14:06.800", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "96260", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "I feel `[Num][Counter]の[N]` tends to be used when the speaker is referring to\nspecific instances and the listener already knows their existence, and\nprobably their quantity, too. その２匹の犬は〜 is a typical example of this. When you\nsay “those two dogs”, the count “two” is probably not new information.\n\n３本の花を見た is possible, but it sounds a bit dramatic as if those three flowers\nwill play an important role in the story the speaker is going to tell. This\neffect is similar to that of titles like 七人の侍, 三匹の子豚, etc. You may not know\nabout those warriors or pigs before you see the movie or read the book, but\nyou can tell those titles refer to specific warriors or pigs and wouldn't\nquestion the use of a definite article in _The Seven Samurai_ or _The Three\nLittle Pigs_. (The official English title for 七人の侍 seems to be _Seven Samurai_\nwith no article, though.)\n\nIf the quantity is part of the new information to be conveyed, and if you\ndon't need to sound dramatic, then 花を３本見た would be more natural, or neutral.\n\nChoosing the right caption for the linked image is not so straightforward as\nit seems. ８人の生徒 would seem to give those eight special attention they probably\ndon't deserve, like saying _**the** eight students_. On the other hand, 生徒８人\nwould sound a bit incomplete as a noun phrase, which a caption is expected to\nbe. If I have to include the count, I might settle for the former only because\nthere seems no better option.\n\n８人の wouldn't sound too \"specific\" if the phrase contained another qualifier as\nin 笑う８人の生徒. I guess the \"specificity\" gets diluted compared to when only the\nnumber is specifically said.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-18T12:18:02.700", "id": "96269", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-18T12:18:02.700", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96260", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Your second sentence 「野原みたい素敵でしょう？」 sounds ungrammatical.\n\n> 野原みたい **で** 素敵でしょう？\n\nAccording to 明鏡国語辞典, the で is part of 「みたいで」, which is the continuative form\n(連用形) of the auxiliary 「みたいだ」:\n\n> みたいだ 〘助動 形動型〙｟みたいだろ‐みたいだっ・みたいで・みたいに‐みたいだ‐みたいな‐みたいなら‐○｠\n\nSo the sentence consists of:\n\n> (omitted subject が) 野原みたいだ。 + 素敵だ。 + ～う？ \n> (omitted subject) is like a field. + is wonderful. + ~~ right?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-18T07:11:54.580", "id": "96263", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-18T07:23:08.600", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-18T07:23:08.600", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "96261", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Practically, it may be better to remember どれくらい＝how much, how long.\n\nくらい means _(approximate) amount_ , so どれくらい means _which amount_ , or _what\namount of time_ = _how long_ in the particular context. It can be used for\nasking other kinds of amount.\n\n * どれくらいの費用がかかりましたか how much did it cost?\n * どれくらい歩きましたか how long did you walk? (this is ambiguous between time and distance)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-18T09:30:44.300", "id": "96266", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-18T09:30:44.300", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96264", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "According to [Japanese\nwikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B7%9D%E7%B7%9A):\n\n> 名称の由来は、日本・警視庁の鑑識課長を務めた吉川澄一（1885年 -\n> 1949年）が、ひっかき傷が他殺の証拠にあると着目し、学会で発表した事にちなんでいる。\n\nRoughly translated: \"The origin of the name comes from the fact that Chouichi\nYoshikawa (1885-1949), who served as the head of the forensics section of the\nTokyo Metropolitan Police Department, focused on the fact that such markings\nwere evidence of a murder, and made a presentation at an academic conference.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-18T09:48:47.080", "id": "96267", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-18T10:05:10.903", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-18T10:05:10.903", "last_editor_user_id": "35659", "owner_user_id": "35659", "parent_id": "96265", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "I think you are close.\n\nFirst consider\n\n * そこで待たせる = let/make (somebody) wait there.\n\nThe sentence is appended by X(し)てもらう, which means _have (somebody) do X_ with\nimplied benefits to the receiver. So literally\n\n * そこで待たせてもらう = have (somebody) let (somebody2) wait there.\n\nNow by context, somebody = the people of the house where the girl is calling\nand somebody2 = the girl. Thus a literal translation would be: _Have them let\nyou wait there_. Basically it says \"Ask them a favor and wait there\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-18T12:58:55.163", "id": "96270", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-18T13:01:31.897", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-18T13:01:31.897", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96268", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I would, respectfully, add a caveat to sundowner's answer.\n\n> X(し)てもらう, which means have (somebody) do X with implied benefits to the\n> receiver\n\nI would replace that with\n\n> X(し)てもらう, which means have (somebody) do X with implied benefits to the\n> _person talking_ (or someone in their group)\n\nIt is a very important nuance for a learner. For instance,\n\n×あんな不良はここで待たせてもらったなんて、許されない。×\n\nis weird, I don't see a context where it would mean something.\n\n！あんな不良はここで待たせてもらったなんて、信じられない。！\n\nis weird too. But one could imagine an heart-felt apology, where the no-good\nperson is the talker's son, and the talker is very mad at his son and very\nimpressed with the listener's indulgence. \"I can't believe you would let this\nno-good son of mine wait here !\"\n\n｛息子・僕｝はそんなに豪華な所で待たせてもらって、信じられない！is natural. \"I can't believe {I・my son} got to\nwait in such a beautiful place!\"\n\nIt is also important to note that the causative+もらう form can be used more\ngenerally for polite/indirect requests/thanks.\n\nここで待たせてもらえますか。 \"Can I please wait here?\" ここで待たせてもらえて、ありがとう。 \"Thank you for\nletting waiting me here.\"", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-18T19:40:15.387", "id": "96272", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-18T22:06:51.670", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-18T22:06:51.670", "last_editor_user_id": "27777", "owner_user_id": "27777", "parent_id": "96268", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Let's take a closer look at your specific sentence.\n\n> 勝手【かって】な行動【こうどう】を取【と】られると困【こま】るわ\n\nNow let's chop out just the core clause, which is the key portion here.\n\n> 行動【こうどう】を取【と】られる\n\nSo we know that someone is taking an action. That would usually be rendered in\nthe active voice as 行動【こうどう】を取【と】る, as you allude to in your question post.\nUsing the passive voice for the verb here implies not polite indirection\n(which would indeed be odd, given the social context -- the identities of the\nspeaker and listener), but rather a special kind of construction.\n\nThis construction is often called the \"suffering passive\" in English-language\nexplanations. One key difference in the grammar is that, for base verbs that\nare transitive (他動詞【たどうし】), this construction (I think) requires the object\nparticle を rather than the subject particle が. The basic meaning is _\" X\nhappened (or was done by someone else) in a way that was outside the control\nof the speaker, and that (usually) resulted in a negative impact on the\nspeaker\"_.\n\n[This past Q&A](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15933/how-to-\ninterpret-indirect-passives) describes some of the general nuance, and [this\nother past Q&A](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/93958/using-\npassive-voice-with-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs) describes the grammar\n(including for base verbs that are intransitive or 自動詞【じどうし】).\n\nSo in 行動【こうどう】を取【と】られる, we know that the agent of the verb (the person or\nthing doing the action) is not the speaker, and from the fuller context, we\nknow that the speaker doesn't want the listener to take that action. So if the\nlistener _does_ do that action, it would not be good for the speaker.\n\nTaking all of this together, we can parse the fuller sentence something like\nso, from direct translation to idiomatic:\n\n> 勝手【かって】な行動【こうどう】を取【と】られると困【こま】るわ → \n> [勝手]{selfish}な[行動]{action}を **[取られる]{be taken}** [と]{if}[困る]{feel bad}わ → \n> if [you] **take** selfish action **on me** , I'll feel bad → \n> I'll be in a pickle if you **go your own way on me**.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-19T00:42:04.503", "id": "96275", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-19T00:42:04.503", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "96271", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I wouldn't say 〜されている can be used to express a future action, but it can be\nused for a future state.\n\nThe report will be given at some time in the future and mistakes will be in a\ncertain state on it. That the report will be given in the future must have\nbeen conveyed before this sentence.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-18T23:29:32.340", "id": "96274", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-18T23:29:32.340", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96273", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "「大変」という言葉 means:\n\n> the word \"taihen\"\n\nA translation of the sentence 「大変」という言葉、普段の会話の中で結構使いませんか？ could be:\n\n> I bet you use the word \"taihen\" a lot in conversation, don't you?\n\nOf your proposed alternatives, と言葉 is definitely grammatically incorrect,\nwhereas の言葉 is grammatically OK and would probably be understood but is just\nnot as common or idiomatic as という言葉, which is the best choice for this\nsentence.\n\nJust think of という as being the preposition that is used in the context. It\nliterally translates as 'the word that says \"taihen\"' but we don't say that in\nEnglish so the translation is 'the word \"taihen\"'.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-19T06:08:06.410", "id": "96278", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-19T06:08:06.410", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50250", "parent_id": "96276", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "「返信」or 「返事」are often used as \"reply\" in general.\n\n(1) 「返事」「返信」「回答」\n\n * 「返事」 is a word that is often used in casual emails, LINE etc.\n * 「返信」is a word used in more formal situations, includes business setting. You can also use it in casual emails.\n * 「回答」is often used when the other party asks you some specific questions/inquiry, such as meeting time and number of stock etc. I wouldn't use「回答」in casual emails.\n\n(2) Example sentences\n\n****Casual emails** (To friends)**\n\n> (a) あとで返信するね。/あとで返信する〜！\n\n> (b) ごめん、この前もらったメールに返信するの忘れてた。\n\n**More formal setting**\n\n> (a) 後ほど返信いたします。/後ほど返信します。\n\n> (b) お返事するのを忘れていました。/先日いただいたメールに返信するのを失念しておりました。\n\n**Example sentences with 「回答」**\n\n> ご質問いただきました件につきまして、以下、回答いたします。\n>\n> Below are the answers to your questions.\n\nJust a quick note: In business setting, even if you forget to reply, normally\nyou don't mention \"I forgot.\" It's considered rude. So you just need to\nexplain the reason for your late reply, without the need to say “I forgot”\n\n(3) I wouldn't say メールに答える. You could say メールで聞かれた質問に答える。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-19T10:28:46.573", "id": "96279", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-19T10:35:26.677", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-19T10:35:26.677", "last_editor_user_id": "54458", "owner_user_id": "54458", "parent_id": "96277", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "> What is the etymology of 催【もよお】す?\n\nI cannot find much. The 日本国語大辞典【にほんこくごだいじてん】 (NKD) entry [here at\nKotobank](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%82%AC-507128) sadly includes no\nderivation, but even so, it tells us a few things.\n\n * We can see that the historical kana spelling is もよほす. This categorically rules out any connection to 押【お】す.\n * We can see that the oldest citation is the 日本書紀【にほんしょき】 dating to 720, at the historical horizon of written Japanese. So this is a very old word indeed.\n * We can see that there is a related form もよひ. This tantalizes with a suggestion that there may have once been an intransitive base form もよふ, for which もよほす would represent a vowel-shifted causative / transitive form -- but もよひ is only attested from 1331, much too late.\n * There is the suggestively similar-sounding word 模様【もよう】, but that is a borrowing from Chinese roots only attested from the 1300s, and [the historical kana spelling of もやう](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%A8%A1%E6%A7%98-646749#E7.B2.BE.E9.81.B8.E7.89.88.20.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.9B.BD.E8.AA.9E.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E5.85.B8) further rules that out.\n\nThe verb もよほす is long enough to suggest that this is a compound or\nderivational form. Most native root words in Japanese are only two morae long.\nHowever, I cannot find any clear etyma (roots) that would fit for a compound,\nand with no evidence early enough for a derivational root (such as もよふ), we\nare left with a bit of a mystery.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-20T00:15:36.700", "id": "96284", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-20T00:15:36.700", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "96280", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "This 結構 is not unnatural. The third definition seems closest, but when 結構 is\nused adverbially, it has a meaning of both \"rather/unexpectedly\" and\n\"often/fairly/well\". In other words, it implies the degree/frequency is higher\nthan one might expect. In this case, how about \" _rather_ often\" or \"quite\noften\" as a translation?\n\nAccording to 明鏡国語辞典 第三版:\n\n> ### 結構\n>\n> 三［副］予想した以上であるさま。極端ではないが、かなりの程度であるさま。 \n> 「今度の試験は **結構** いいところまで行くかもしれない」 \n> 「輪投げも **結構** 難しいものだ」 \n> 「 **結構** 席が空いている」\n\nSimilar examples:\n\n * 結構おいしかったですよ。 \nIt was rather delicious! / It tasted better than you think.\n\n * え、結構簡単じゃない？ \nOh, isn't this rather easy? \n(But not \"Isn't this very easy?\")", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-20T23:36:48.897", "id": "96290", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-20T23:55:00.850", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-20T23:55:00.850", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96285", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You can use the following words to express \"to receive an email\" in Japanese.\n\n 1. メールを **受け取る**\n 2. メールが **くる**\n 3. メールが **とどく**\n 4. メールを **もらう**\n\n1 is often used in a bit more formal situations. 2 is mostly used in casual\nsituations. You don't use in formal situations.\n\n4 contains a slightly different nuance.\n\n1-3 indicates that you got the email in your inbox, but the other person can't\nnecessarily tell weather if you have read the email or not.\n\nOn the other hand, if you use「もらう」, it sounds more like you have read the\nemail. That's the reason why it's used 「この前もらったメールに返信するの忘れてた。」. You have\nreceived and read it, but you forgot to reply.\n\nExample sentences are below:\n\n## \"Did you receive my email?\"\n\n(All are in casual situations, asking your friends)\n\n> 会社からメールきた？\n>\n> Did you receive the email from work?\n\n> 昨日メール送ったんだけど、とどいた？\n>\n> I sent you an email yesterday, did you receive it?\n\n> ごめんごめん、先週メールくれたよね。返事するの忘れてた。\n>\n> Oh sorry sorry, you gave me an email (I receive your email) last week hey. I\n> forgot to reply.\n\n## \"I did not receive your email.\"\n\n(A bit in formal situation)\n\n> メールを受け取っていないのですが。\n>\n> I haven't received the email.\n\n(The rest of the sentences are in casual situations)\n\n> 採用のメールこなかった。\n>\n> I didn't receive a job offer email.\n\n> A: 昨日送ったメール読んだ？\n>\n> Did you read the email I sent you yesterday?\n>\n> B: え？メールきてないよ？（とどいてないよ？）\n>\n> What? I didn't get the email?\n\n## Note\n\nメールを受ける is not really used.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T03:08:55.303", "id": "96302", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T03:58:02.150", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-22T03:58:02.150", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "54458", "parent_id": "96286", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "This is just それまで + だ + し (sentence final particle). For それまで, [check\ndefinition 1\nhere](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%85%B6%E3%82%8C%E8%BF%84/). In\ncontext, I might venture the following translation:\n\n> もし身元がバレたらそれまでだし \n> and if her identity got out, that would be the end of that", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-20T22:19:10.673", "id": "96289", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-20T22:19:10.673", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "96288", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "One sense of 危うい broadly means that something is \"(dangerously) weak\". What is\nweak depends on the context - it could be structural integrity of a building,\nor understanding of something (that you are expected to understand).\n\nThe highlighted sentence in the question can be clarified like this with a few\nmore words:\n\n> X **について** も、 **私の知識は** もうちょっと危うくなってきた\n\nThis can be inferred from the fact the two discuss how much they (don't) know\nabout those people.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-21T08:40:32.173", "id": "96294", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-21T08:40:32.173", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "96293", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The けど is the same as\n\n * [けど in the end of sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36037/45489)\n * [What does this けど at the end of the sentence mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34195/45489)\n\nGenerally it is omitting something like _I'm not sure/I don't know_.\n\nThe sentence is 「(伯父さんは)古物収集が趣味でいろいろと集めてる」とは思ってたけど. So literally it means _I\nthought that his hobby is collecting antiques and he was collecting a variety\nof them, but.._. In this case, you can just consider there is omitting _I\ndon't know_ , or it connects to the preceding これいくらしたんだろ: _... he was\ncollecting a lot of things, but I wonder how much all these cost_.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T23:33:48.423", "id": "96319", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T23:33:48.423", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96295", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "That looks like a small っ to me, so the word would be しっこ meaning 'pee' (as in\nurine): <https://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%97%E3%81%A3%E3%81%93>. Nothing to do\nwith しつこい. It's hard to tell without any context but would \"you don't need a\nbag to pee/for pee\" make any more sense? If you're still having a hard time\nunderstanding, it would be useful to see a bit more of the context if you can\nprovide a link (I'm quite curious to see too now).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-21T21:20:36.160", "id": "96297", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-21T21:20:36.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50250", "parent_id": "96296", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "From what I can see, jisho.org does not seem to be using the term \"irregular\"\nstrictly, so there may not be a single meaning for that.\n\nAs for \"風 meaning cold (disease)\" and \"小供 meaning child\", these are rare,\nnonstandard and/or historical variants. Even though dictionaries may recognize\nthese, they are considered incorrect when you write something in modern\nstandard Japanese. You almost always need to write 風邪 and 子供, respectively.\n(But note that even 子供 is sometimes [considered politically\nsensitive/incorrect by\nsome](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13938/5010).)\n\nSomething like 煙草 is called\n[熟字訓](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24513/5010), which is part of\nperfectly standard Japanese. 当て字 is another way of forming a word. Both are\nways of forming a word, but 熟字訓 means \"ignoring the reading but respecting the\nmeaning of kanji\", while 当て字 means \"ignoring the meaning but respecting the\nreading of kanji\". Some \"irregular kanji forms/usages\" on jisho.org may also\nbe either 熟字訓 or 当て字, but jisho's idea of \"irregular\" is probably not directly\nrelated to these.\n\nAnd of course there are [異体字](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42953/5010)\nor 旧字体 forms of kanji, which might be also called \"irregular kanji form\" by\nsome.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T02:38:28.533", "id": "96301", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T02:38:28.533", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96298", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The following two sentences are both correct and sound equally natural in the\ngiven context.\n\n> ステーキのお店 **なの** ですが、食べ放題のパンも美味しかったです。\n\n> ステーキのお店ですが、食べ放題のパンも美味しかったです。\n\nThe biggest difference is that the first (with の) would sound weird if said to\nsomeone who already knows the place in question is a steak house. This is\nbecause the first part of that sentence is meant to provide new information\ncircumstantial to the statement in the second and main part.\n\nThe first part of the second sentence, on the other hand, simply states the\nfact that the place is a steak house, which may be already known to the\nlistener.\n\nThe conjunction が basically plays the same function in both, but its\nadversative sense is felt stronger in the second as it puts one fact in\ncontrast with another. With a little exaggeration, the second sentence could\nbe translated as:\n\n> ステーキのお店ですが、食べ放題のパンも美味しかったです。 \n> Despite the fact that it is a steak house, their all-you-can-eat bread was\n> also good.\n\nが in the first sentence (with の) is a weaker “but”.\n\n> ステーキのお店 **なの** ですが、食べ放題のパンも美味しかったです。 \n> It’s a steak house, but their all-you-can-eat bread was also good.\n\nな is required to connect this explanatory の to a noun or a な-adjective.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-23T03:32:42.640", "id": "96324", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T03:32:42.640", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96299", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "There is no such rule that \"氏 is used when you have never met the person\".\nWhere did you learn such a rule?\n\n氏 does look relatively more formal, dignified or respectful, but at the same\ntime, less friendly. Still, さん and 氏 are both natural options here. If you are\ngetting an autograph from a young adorable\n[idol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_idol), さん would be more usual.\nHowever, it is not unnatural at all if a great person in the field of martial\narts used 氏 on his autograph. From what I can see, I doubt there is a special\nimplication here.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T03:20:47.750", "id": "96304", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T03:20:47.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96300", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "I find it weird that he used 氏 there, not because it sounds excessively formal\nor business-like but because it is not a form of address to be used for a\nsecond person directly (if not as a joke).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T05:06:36.087", "id": "96305", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T05:06:36.087", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96300", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "The basic meaning of 応じる is just responding. ～に応じて is typically translated as\n\"according to ～\" or \"in response to ～\". The response can sometimes be an\nunfavorable one. On the other hand, 応える has a connotation of proactively\nmeeting someone's expectation.\n[期待に応える](https://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=meet%20expectation) is a common set\nphrase. In your example, 客の好みに応えて and 客の好みに応じて are interchangeable, but the\nformer might sound slightly more \"active\".\n\nTo take another example, 要求に応じる tends to be used when giving in to an\nunreasonable request, while 要求に応える tends to be used when trying to please\nsomeone actively.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T08:24:33.803", "id": "96308", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T08:24:33.803", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96303", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "まぐわう almost never appears in scientific contexts or news articles. This is a\nliterary word, and I expect it used mainly in elevated novels. It's not used\nfor copulation of animals and insects, either (unless joke is intended).\n\nThat is not to say adults never use it in conversations, but only someone who\nspeaks in a mature and pompous manner would naturally use such a word. If\n[this girl](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ak_sMP8cpyM) is the one who used\nthis word, she seems to meet this condition.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T07:52:55.087", "id": "96307", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T07:52:55.087", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96306", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "Note that there is no entry for まぐわう in most dictionaries (including 大辞泉).\nThere is only\n[目合ひ(まぐわひ)](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%9B%AE%E5%90%88%E3%81%B2/#jn-207711),\nwhich sources Kojiki, the oldest text in Japanese.\n\nまぐわう should be a verb made from まぐわひ, most probably so as to give pseudo\narchaic effect in fictional texts. In other words it is almost never used in\nreal life (except perhaps half-jokingly among people who love fictions). As\nsuch, it sounds literary and erotic without being dirty.\n\nThis may be just me, but it has some connotations of being passionate and of\nbeing entwined during the act due to the similarity to まじる/まざる.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T22:56:47.433", "id": "96318", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T22:56:47.433", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96306", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "If you are changing jobs, the process typically ends in the following order:\nthe last interview → 内定 → オファー面談 → オファー. オファー面談 is a phase of negotiations\nabout salaries etc. after passing the last interview. Then you get a formal\njob offer. As such, 内定 is more tentative than オファー, but there are many cases\nwithout オファー面談. So virtually 内定 and オファー are synonymous (or at least not used\nin a distinguished way).\n\nI think sometimes an offer letter is titled as 採用通知書. So it is possible to\ntranslate _job offer_ as 採用通知.\n\n* * *\n\nIf it is your first job as a fresh graduate, the process ends like: the last\ninterview → [内々定]{ないないてい} → 内定 (→ start the job at the 1st of April).\n\nNote that people apply for jobs in the last year of their study. The last\ninterview happens like May - June (? this changes according to regulations and\nof course depends on each company as well). As there is an agreement that 内定\n(which is considered as legally effective) should be issued after October 1st,\npassing the last interview before October means that the company gave the\nstudents a promise of giving a 内定 later (at 10/01). This state of having a\npromise is called 内々定をもらった, but 内定 and 内々定 are again not strictly\ndistinguished. Students say 内定をもらった/内定が出た when they pass the last interview\nbefore October.\n\n内定 is still tentative in this case, too (there were lots of cases where 内定 was\ncancelled around 2008). But since there's no negotiation and the next step is\njust starting working, オファー is not used. (And it may be surprising to\nWesterners, you don't know what your salary will be before you actually start\nworking, I believe.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T22:31:22.950", "id": "96316", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T01:49:24.937", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-23T01:49:24.937", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96312", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The heiban versions have been common for decades, but still sound more or less\nfrivolous or チャラい (more so for カノジョ than カレシ). A professional seiyu should be\nable use the two pronunciations appropriately depending on the character being\nplayed. See: [Are there any rules to the intonations they are discussing in\nthis video?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/74609/5010)\n\nI feel both patterns are in use also in Kansai-ben, but I'm not 100% sure.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-24T05:28:13.297", "id": "96338", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T05:28:13.297", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96314", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "以上で basically means here, \"and with that,...\"\n\nSo, in the sentence from your class, 以上で今日の勉強を終わりにします, could be translated\n\"and with that, our studies today are done.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-22T22:52:14.897", "id": "96317", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-22T22:52:14.897", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "96315", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "An extremely literal translation of 以上 would be \"the above\". When used as a\nstandalone word (i.e. not preceded by a quantity), it refers to what has been\nsaid up to the point it is uttered. In the case of (horizontal) writing,\n\"above\" can be understood quite literally.\n\nNormally, what is referred to has some length, like an argument as opposed to\na single statement. If 以上 follows a short statement, it has a similar effect\nto reading out \"period\" in English. You are basically saying you got nothing\nelse to say.\n\nIn your case, it refers to the whole of what is taught or discussed during the\ncourse of the class. An extremely literal translation of the whole sentence\nwould be something like:\n\n> 以上で今日の勉強を終わりにします。 \n> With the above, (I/we) take today's studies as finished.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-23T01:41:42.287", "id": "96321", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T01:41:42.287", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96315", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "What `[V て-form]-いる` means highly depends on context, and that’s regardless of\nwhether the verb is transitive or intransitive. For example, 食べる is a\ntransitive verb but 食べている could also refer to a state of someone having eaten\nsomething, either in the sense that the action is already completed or the\nperson has an experience of doing the action in the past.\n\n> 毎日帰りが遅いので、家に着いた時には家族はもう夕食を食べている。[completion]\n\n> あの店ではもう何度も食べている。[experience]\n\nGiven the right contexts, 壊している could also be used in similar ways.\n\n> 今から行っても、現場に着く頃には彼らは家の中の物を全て壊しているだろう。[completion]\n\n> 彼は携帯の扱いが雑で、これまでに何台も壊している。[experience]\n\nThe first usage is rarer with a verb like 壊す because Japanese tends to express\nits result focusing on the thing broken rather than the person’s action that\ncaused it, even when that action was deliberate, and therefore, tends to use\nan intransitive verb (壊れている) or the passive form of a transitive verb (壊されている)\nwith the thing broken as its subject.\n\n`[Vt て-form]-ある` is different. It’s not easy to imagine a situation where\n壊してある sounds natural. Someone would have to deliberately break something and\nintentionally leave it broken for some purpose.\n\n壊れている is normally understood as meaning that something is already broken\nbecause 壊れる normally refers to an instantaneous change of state, rather than a\nprocess. If something disintegrates over a period of time, 壊れている could also\nrefer to an ongoing state.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-23T05:08:44.267", "id": "96325", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T05:08:44.267", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96320", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "To preface, 99% of the time, one should use 好きな_____ when describing something\none likes. A somewhat relevant exception is \"noun+好き (read zuki)\", which is\nused to describe a \"noun-lover\". For example, \"野球好きの人と会いたい\" (I want to meet\nsomeone whose a baseball lover).\n\nThat being said, if I'm not mistaken, 好きの____ can see use when talking about\nsomething (or someone) in particular. For the most part, you should avoid\nusing it, since it's highly nuanced/context-dependant and is hardly better\nthan 好きな____. Nevertheless, I'll give you 2 examples.\n\n * \"好きの子の前で死んでたまるか?!?\" (Like I'd ever die in front of the girl I love!)\n * \"先生の好きの人って僕ですか？\" (Is the person sensei likes...me?).", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-23T05:53:03.147", "id": "96327", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-25T08:13:49.590", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-25T08:13:49.590", "last_editor_user_id": "35659", "owner_user_id": "35659", "parent_id": "96322", "post_type": "answer", "score": -4 }, { "body": "> why 好きな is not 好きの?\n\nIt is 好きな and not 好きの because 好き is a so-called **na-adjective** (in Japanese,\n**形容動詞{けいようどうし}** ) , and the way to connect a na-adjective to a noun in the\npresent tense is by using the copula **な**. For more details on na-adjectives,\ntake a look [here](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese-grammar/na-adjective/).\n\nHere you are some examples of pairs na-adjective/noun:\n\n> 好{す}き **な** 食{た}べ物{もの}。A likable food (or more naturally in English, \"food\n> [I] like\").\n\n> 綺麗{きれい} **な** 写真{しゃしん}。 A beautiful photograph.\n\n> 素敵{すてき} **な** ドレス。 A lovely dress.\n\nFinally, for the sake of completeness, note that:\n\n 1. There's another group of adjectives in Japanese, the so-called **i-adjectives** , which do not use a particle and precede directly the noun they modify.\n 2. Nouns can also modify other nouns by using the particle の. Some people call them no-adjectives but [this is controversial](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/46396/when-can-adjectives-be-used-with-the-particle-no/80413). To make it more confusing, some na-adjectives sometimes take the particle の (see [why is it that some 形容動詞 accepts の after it while some only accepts な after it?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/920/why-is-it-that-some-%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E-accepts-%E3%81%AE-after-it-while-some-only-accepts-%E3%81%AA-after-it)).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T01:51:37.337", "id": "100780", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T01:59:16.397", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-25T01:59:16.397", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "32952", "parent_id": "96322", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "へ・より are _the_ particles for addressee/addresser in letters. So they mean\n_to/from_ respectively.\n\nNote that the above only applies to the usage at the beginning/end of letters.\nIn normal sentences に/から are more frequently used.\n\n * Ａさんに(へ)メールを出した。 _I wrote an email to A_\n * Ａさんから手紙をもらった。 _I received a letter from A_. I think より is a bit odd here.\n * 本部より打電 _Telegram from the HQ!_\n\nへ/より sounds generally strained if used in speech.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-23T22:41:58.427", "id": "96335", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T22:41:58.427", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96323", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "According to\n[weblio](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%8A%B1%E9%96%8B%E3%81%8F), they are\nsynonymous with one exception:\n\n花開く (as one unit, not 花が開く) can be used to talk about things other than\nflowers blooming metaphorically. The example given is \"才能が花開く\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-23T08:30:23.760", "id": "96328", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T08:30:23.760", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51276", "parent_id": "96326", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Like some other languages such as English, 咲く is the default, specialized verb\nto describe the phenomenon of flowers opening, or to \"bloom\", and 開く is not.\n\nAt least in the modern language, using 開く for flowers suggests that your focus\nis not that you simply enjoy a blooming flower, but you have some special\ninterest in the mechanical process of a flower opening because, say, you are a\nflorist that has to control the timing of displaying flower in the store, or a\nbotanist that has to manipulate experiment conditions etc.\n\nAlthough there is a bookish expression 花開く, it is mostly for \"flourish\" as a\nfigure of speech. For real flowers we stick to 咲く e.g. 花咲く丘 \"a flowering\nhill\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-23T15:29:43.573", "id": "96331", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T15:29:43.573", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "96326", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "In terms of translation, I think あれか translates to _Ah, I see_ or _Aha_ in\nmost cases.\n\nExplaining how is a bit difficult, but it means of course _that_ and it\nindicates that the speaker comes to _see_ the connection between the topic\nunder discussion (in this case, the interlocutor) and _that_ (in this case, a\nghost).\n\nThus it says _Aha, you are a dead man and a so-called ghost, right?_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-23T14:14:52.437", "id": "96330", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T14:14:52.437", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96329", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "This type of あれ (often written as アレ in katakana) has been discussed in the\nfollowing questions.\n\n * [Meaning of 〜あれだ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/606/5010)\n * [Meaning of これってアレ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/83182/5010)\n * [Understanding だった的なアレ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/83976/5010)\n\nSo this あれ (\"that\") vaguely refers to an idea that should be understood\nwithout explaining it in detail (\" _that_ idea\", \" _that_ thing you know\", \"\n_that_ thingy\", \"you-know-what\"). Here, あれ refers to the generic idea of\nghosts, what people usually understand as so-called ghosts. This type of あれ is\nalso written as [例の](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%BE%8B%E3%81%AE)あれ.\n\nSo literally:\n\n> あれか。 \n> [Is this] _that thing_ (we know)? \n> [Could it be] _that one_? \n> [So this is...] you know what.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-24T04:46:11.850", "id": "96336", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T05:05:20.537", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-24T05:05:20.537", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96329", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You would be インド[系]{けい}アメリカ人. It says nothing about your linguistic abilities,\nof course.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-23T15:59:47.627", "id": "96333", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-23T15:59:47.627", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96332", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It's the te-form of 会える, which is the potential form of 会う. The potential form\nby itself conjugates like an ichidan verb.\n\n * 会う to meet\n * 会える can meet\n * 会えて te-form of 会える\n\nSee also: [Potential form verbs followed by adjectives to end a sentence have\nto be in te form?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/83291/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-24T06:28:35.383", "id": "96340", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T06:28:35.383", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96339", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "It's the potential form, meaning \"can meet\" or \"is able to meet\".\n\nSee [here](https://www.thoughtco.com/japanese-expressions-of-ability-and-\npotential-4070918) for a reference on the conjugation. It states:\n\n> U-verbs: replace the final \"~u\" with \"~eru\".\n\nSo, where \"また会って嬉しいよ。\" means \"It was great to see you again.\", \"また会えて嬉しいよ。\"\nhas more of a nuance of \"It was great to have the opportunity to see you\nagain.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-24T06:29:46.257", "id": "96341", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T06:29:46.257", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50250", "parent_id": "96339", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "In this context も means \"as well\", it's an addition to a list.\n\nOn this other hand, また means \"again\", it indicates a repetition.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-24T07:31:56.173", "id": "96343", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T07:31:56.173", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51218", "parent_id": "96342", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "This sentence is technically ambiguous; また can mean either \"also\" or \"again\"\nhere. Assuming the meaning of \"again\" is not intended, もまた is a literary,\nemphatic and/or dramatic way of saying \"also\".\n\nFor example, one can say:\n\n * 彼もまた人間なのです。 \nHe too is a human being.\n\n * それもまた人生だ。 \nThat's also (a form of) life. \n(i.e., People's lives are varied.)\n\nもまた is not redundant at all if used this way.\n\nHowever, I can feel nothing dramatic or didactic in 山田もまたパーティーに来ます, so this\nもまた looks a little awkward to me. Maybe the speaker had a good reason to\nemphasize the \"(not only someone but) also\" part, or maybe this また just means\n\"again\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-24T08:14:12.250", "id": "96344", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T08:19:33.010", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-24T08:19:33.010", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96342", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Is it from the 4th episode of チェンソーマン? I initially thought this should be a\ntypo, but since this is a popular manga and [the official site has not fixed\nthis](https://shonenjumpplus.com/episode/10834108156724300654), I have to\nconclude this is not a typo.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/49Ndzs.png)\n\nIf it's not a typo, this で should be a particle to mark a condition. That is,\nthe te-form (俺の力使って) is treated like a noun phrase or a \"quote\", and is marked\nwith で.\n\nThis 使ってで is not incomprehensible because a te-form can be followed by でも,\nですら, etc., (e.g., 何としてでも成功させる), but I think this 使ってで is at least nonstandard.\n\n(I also thought this could be a dialectal version of 使ってて, but he is not a\ndialectal speaker.)", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-24T09:22:27.030", "id": "96346", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T09:36:58.460", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-24T09:36:58.460", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96345", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "> 無理しないでください\n\nsounds bit too formal between friends.\n\n> 無理しないでいいよ\n\nmake it more casual and put this in addition to it.\n\n> そんなに気使わないでもいいよ。\n\n_**\" You do not have to look after me that much.\"**_ or literal translation of\n_**\" please do not bother too much.\"**_", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-24T12:27:17.997", "id": "96349", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-24T12:27:17.997", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "96348", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Nidan and yodan verbs are precursors of ichidan and godan verbs, respectively.\nIf you are totally new to what classical Japanese (文語/古文) is, a good starter\nis [Tofugu's course](https://www.tofugu.com/series/kobun-guide/). In\nparticular, those verb types are listed in [this\narticle](https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/kobun-verbs/?series=kobun-guide).\n\nJust as English speakers study Shakespeare in higher education, Japanese\nstudents learn the grammar of classical Japanese at high school. Just as\n_thy/thou_ still exists in modern English, classical Japanese remains in\nmodern Japan. Today, you may encounter the classical grammar in some proverbs,\n[set phrases](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/42724/5010), samurai\ndramas, magic spells in fantasy works, and so on. Even a fragmentary\nknowledge, such as \" _keri_ is a past auxiliary like modern _ta_ \", will help\nyou enjoy modern games and novels.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-25T02:20:24.153", "id": "96356", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-25T02:20:24.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96350", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "べき indicates what \"should be\", e.g. \"病人の田中さんは寝るべきです (Tanaka-san, who's sick,\nshould sleep)\"\n\nはず indicates what is expected, e.g. \"病人の田中さんは寝てるはずです (Tanaka-san, who's sick,\nshould be asleep [I expect him to be asleep])\"\n\nCombining both, you're saying you \"expect [one] should be doing something\".\n\ne.g. \"病人の田中さんは寝るべきはずだったが、奇跡的にスーパーマンのように空を飛んでた (Sick Tanaka-san, whom one would\nexpect should've been sleeping, was miraculously flying through the sky like\nsuperman)\".\n\nIn the case of your sentence, I'm assuming the cat is saying that the head\n\"should be covered in fur (as is to be expected)\". べき gives the \"should\" part,\nand はず gives the \"expectation\" part.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-25T08:32:48.683", "id": "96358", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-25T08:32:48.683", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "parent_id": "96353", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I'd interpret it as:\n\n> 逃げ出したいの、ジュリエット(は)。 \n> ≈ ジュリエット(は)、逃げ出したいの。\n\n\"I want to run away.\" said by Juliet herself.\n\nThe の is a feminine sentence ending の.\n\nHere's a related thread:\n\n<https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/11915/9831>\n\n> Decidedly feminine is when you end a statement in の, e.g.\n>\n> そうなのよ。 \n> 知らなかったの。\n>\n> with the male equivalent being either nothing (e.g. そう, 知らなかった) or んだ(よ)\n> (e.g. そうなんだよ, 知らなかったんだよ).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-25T00:29:22.823", "id": "96355", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-25T00:29:22.823", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "96354", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "To answer your question, stem + そう can't express hearsay. I believe that they\nmistyped or something.\n\n## Verb stem + そう expresses the following two things.\n\n 1. It seems like something is about to happen.\n 2. It looks like (It's used when you look at it and think so. It represents the \"feel\" received from the appearance.)\n\nSome example sentences are below.\n\n> あ！ボタンがとれそうですよ！\n>\n> hey! The button seems to have come off!\n\n> 買い物しすぎて、ふくろがやぶれそうです。\n>\n> I shopped too much and my bag is about to burst.\n\n> たなかさんは、たくさん車をもっていて、お金がありそうです。\n>\n> Tanaka has many cars and seems to have money.\n\nThese two can sometimes be taken as either meaning, but you can determine\nwhich one the speaker meant by the context.\n\n## Plain form + そう：hearsay\n\nWhen you want to express, or convey, information you have seen or heard from\nothers, plain form + そう should be used.\n\nSome example sentences are below.\n\n> 明日、こうえんでおまつりが **ある** そうです。\n>\n> I heard that there will be a festival in the park tomorrow.\n\n> 来週は、日本語のテストが **ない** そうです。\n>\n> I heard that there will be no Japanese test next week.\n\n> きのう、東京でじしんが **あった** そうです。\n>\n> I heard that there was an earthquake in Tokyo yesterday.\n\n> 父は、こどものとき、お金があまり **なかった** そうです。\n>\n> I heard that my father didn't have much money when he was a child.\n\nNote\n\n * I have listed only the verb sentences.\n * The part without \"masu (ます) \" is called the stem of the verb (Verb stem). For example, たべ (たべます) , し（します）, あり（あります）.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-25T11:35:29.783", "id": "96360", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T03:53:20.737", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-01T03:53:20.737", "last_editor_user_id": "54458", "owner_user_id": "54458", "parent_id": "96359", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 } ]

[ { "body": "First, while English speakers distinguish \"copper\" and \"bronze\" rather\nstrictly, Japanese people do not use 青銅 that often. \"Bronze medal\" is just\n銅メダル, and \"bronze statue\" is usually just 銅像. If you ask a native speaker\n\"What is a 10-yen coin made of?\", the response is probably 銅, not 青銅 nor ブロンズ.\n\nTypically, ブロンズ(像) is used for Western-style bronze statues, and it's rare to\nuse ブロンズ to refer to Buddhist statues. The following image search results\nsupport this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/F33nC.jpg)\n\nTherefore, even though 青銅 and ブロンズ are chemically the same, it is much safer\nto use 青銅 or just 銅 when you are talking about _daibutsu_. However, this is\nnot a strict rule. For example, in [the Wikipedia article for\n牛久大仏](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E4%B9%85%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%8F),\nブロンズ is used many times for a giant _daibutsu_ , and this is probably because\ninternational comparison was important when applying to the Guinness Book.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-26T01:22:50.163", "id": "96366", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-26T01:33:44.240", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-26T01:33:44.240", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96361", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "There is very little difference, and they are interchangeable most of the\ntime. Still, I feel the speaker is more aware of the previous context when\nわけではない is used. That is, a sentence using わけではない tends to have a nuance of\n\"that is not to say\", \"that doesn't mean\" or \"I'm not saying\". ことはない is a\nrelatively \"plain\" double-negative sentence.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-27T03:01:05.613", "id": "96376", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-27T03:01:05.613", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96362", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Not sure if this is what you are looking for, but -タ form seems to behave\ndifferently for the two constructions. As I see it, なかったことはない coincides with\nanother construction -たことがある, which takes precedence. なかったわけではない doesn't have\nthe same problem.\n\n> 私は歌が歌えなかったことはないが、人前で歌うのは恥ずかしかった。\n\nMost people will read this as \"I have never been unable to sing\" (=\"I always\ncould\"). The other interpretation (\"It's not that I couldn't sing\"=\"I could to\nsome extent\") might not be impossible, but it would be much harder to read\nthat way.\n\nWhereas, the same doesn't happen when you change ないわけではない to なかったわけではない.\n\n> 私は歌が歌えなかったわけではないが、人前で歌うのは恥ずかしかった。\n\nThe only difference from the original sentence is that it describes a past\nevent.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-27T10:17:21.067", "id": "96381", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-28T09:24:42.663", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-28T09:24:42.663", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "96362", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "You cannot use や to form a \"which of the two\" type question. や is a non-\nexhaustive listing particle, and you use it to list two or more **nouns**\n(i.e., \"(things such as) A and B\"). You cannot use や to list two verbs, and\neven if it could, \"things like renting or buying an apartment\" is not what you\nwant to say now, right?\n\nThe correct translation is:\n\n> (夫婦は)アパートを借りるのですか、(それとも)買うのですか。 \n> (Does the couple) rent an apartment, (or do they) buy it?\n\nそれとも (\"or else\") is optional, but I suggest you keep it if you're not\nconfident.\n\nAlso note that the correct particle to mark this subject is not が but は.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-27T03:44:01.660", "id": "96378", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-27T03:44:01.660", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96363", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This って is a colloquial topic marker that is used in place of\n[とは](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25323/5010). とは/って used like this\nexpresses the speaker's (negative) surprise, bafflement, etc. The senpai used\nって because he did not expect タメ口.\n\nRelated: [Function of a って at the end of a\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/86559/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-26T14:50:00.633", "id": "96372", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-26T14:50:00.633", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96368", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "「(人に)[話]{はなし}を[通]{とお}す」 means \"talk to someone and get consent (in advance)\"\n\"run it by someone\" (事前に話して了承を得る).\n\n> オレラ マサル君に話 通してますよ。\n\nHere a few particles are omitted. してます is a contraction of しています.\n\n> オレラ **は** 、マサル君に話 **を** 通して **い** ますよ。\n\nmeans \"We have already talked to Masaru-kun and got his consent.\"\n\n～ています here means \"have already done\" (not the present progressive \"are doing\n... now\".) For more on this ～ている:\n\n> [How is なっている different from\n> なっていた?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3787/9831)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-26T12:52:44.620", "id": "96371", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-26T12:52:44.620", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "96370", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "> 1. What's がよ?\n>\n\nIf you're sure that this が is not a subject marker, then this が should be a\nderogatory vocative particle (see: [Why is が added at the end of\nこの小娘が?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60514/5010)) and よ is a sentence-\nend particle. So Xがよ is like \"Damn you, X\" or something.\n\n> 2. What about 気合いもなにも?\n>\n\n～も何もない is a set phrase. See:\n\n * [How to understand い adjective + ある？ What is ある doing here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/64794/5010)\n * [Meaning of もクソも in 何かもクソも寝るだけだよ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/76339/5010)\n\nSo the basic meaning is \"this is not a matter of 気合い\". Perhaps this guy wanted\nto say \"You're way too weak physically, and just having a fighting spirit\nmeans nothing\"?\n\n**EDIT:** On second thought, I noticed this 気合も何もねえ could be a simple relative\nclause that modifies ダサ坊 (i.e., \"You lame brat who doesn't even have a\nfighting spirit!\"). See the context.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-27T03:21:56.160", "id": "96377", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-27T14:44:42.420", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-27T14:44:42.420", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96374", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "[くだらない](https://jisho.org/word/%E4%B8%8B%E3%82%89%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)⇒くだらねえ\n\n[Changing of vowels at the end of words to\nえ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29099/30454)\n\n[Meaning of \"ねーし\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29292/30454)\n\n[Pronouncing ない as ねい / ねえ (also ~oi to\n~ei)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41395/30454)", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-27T16:31:26.580", "id": "96383", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-28T11:15:49.283", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-28T11:15:49.283", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "96382", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "_Even if it's..._ is more simply でも. だけ is _just, only_. So overall _Even if\nit's just the story_.\n\nSince 話 is the object of 聞く, it is a bit hard to use _even if it's just.._\nhere. I'd translate it as _You should listen at least to the story and then\nconclude_.\n\nSemantically, _at least_ modifies _listen to_. It says, _You should listen to\nthe story at least and conclude, rather than giving the final conclusion\nwithout even listening to it_. Also note that the _story_ here means something\nlike _what (someone) has to say_.\n\n* * *\n\nSome other examples:\n\n * 味噌汁だけでも飲みなさい Eat miso soup at least! (eating nothing is bad for your health)\n * 君だけでも助かってほしい I hope at least you survive ('I' may not be surviving).\n * 1万円だけでももらえるならうれしい Even if it's just 10000 yen, receiving it makes me happy.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-27T23:28:57.907", "id": "96388", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-27T23:28:57.907", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96384", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Basically your understanding is correct. Both are natural by themselves, but\nused in different contexts.\n\nSuppose you have a friend in your new house.\n\n * トイレはあそこです is an answer to the question \"where is the toilet?\"\n * あそこはトイレです is an answer to the question \"what is that room/door?\"\n\n* * *\n\nA complication may be that あそこ **が** トイレです is (more) an answer to \"where is\nthe toilet?\", i.e., similar to トイレはあそこです.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-27T23:13:01.793", "id": "96386", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-27T23:13:01.793", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96385", "post_type": "answer", "score": 16 } ]

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[ { "body": "の particle is used for belongings. \n**You can use it like this:** トロントのしゅっしんです\n\n**Like this one:** トロントのひとです。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-28T18:35:54.503", "id": "96395", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-28T18:35:54.503", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54578", "parent_id": "96389", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "The short answer is yes, the same word is used for step siblings and siblings-\nin-law. After all, step siblings are just siblings in legal terms, so I don't\nthink it is particularly odd.\n\nFor simplicity, just consider a younger sister(-ish) who is not biologically\nrelated to you and a situation where you introduce her to someone outside\nfamily.\n\n * If she is your spouse's sister, she is introduced most probably as 義妹{ぎまい} or 義理{ぎり}の妹{いもうと} (or simply 妻{つま}/夫{おっと}の妹).\n * If she is a step-sister of yours (i.e., a child from your parent's previous marriage or a sibling by adoption), then you are likely to introduce her just as 妹. Later you may 'reveal' that she is not sister by blood, in which case you say she is a 義理の妹.\n\nThat is, 義理の妹/義妹 can be used for step-sister and sister-in-law, but step\nsister is less frequently mentioned as such. Rather, in ordinary\nconversations, there is no explicit distinction between blood-related siblings\nand step-siblings. This may depend on each person, of course.\n\n* * *\n\nHalf-siblings are called\n[異母妹{いぼまい}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%95%B0%E6%AF%8D%E5%A6%B9-2008429)\n(same father) or\n[異父妹{いふまい}](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%95%B0%E7%88%B6%E5%A6%B9-2008393)\n(same mother). Mutatis mutandis for other types. In speech, the former is more\ncommonly called はらちがいの妹 and the latter is just 父親が違う (there is a word たねちがい,\nbut I think it is not so commonly used). And these won't be mentioned most of\nthe time.\n\nOverall, I guess these things are similar elsewhere, you don't necessarily\ndisclose relationships so that it sounds she is a family member.\n\n* * *\n\nFor mother, there are specific terms although there're still some ambiguities.\n\n * 義母{ぎぼ} spouse's mother\n * 養母{ようぼ} adoptive mother\n * 継母{ままはは} step-mother (someone who became your mother by marrying your father)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-28T09:29:19.100", "id": "96392", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-28T22:46:45.740", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-28T22:46:45.740", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96391", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "This is a very casual, slangy form of 「治ってない（か）？」 (not sentence-end ね). It's a\nlittle hard to say without context, but it sounds like the wounds healing was\na surprise to the speaker, and the ～ている form is used in this case because the\nwounds _have_ healed, rather than it being a future event.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-28T21:58:50.827", "id": "96399", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-28T21:58:50.827", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "96396", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I think you are right.\n\nThe feel _that the evidence on which that conclusion is based is about to be\npresented_ comes more from ところで, which is _by the way_ typically and in this\ncase too.\n\nところで indicates the writer will change the topic. Just saying くま and わたし are\nnot total strangers is odd in terms of story telling and readers will expect\nthat there's more about it, which (I guess) is why it gives the above\nconnotation. Also, the feel won't change if it ends わかった/わかったのだ etc.\n\nSo it is more about semantics/pragmatics rather than syntax of ところで.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-28T22:32:28.163", "id": "96401", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-28T22:32:28.163", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96397", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "for understanding, I tried to rewrite it into more formal Japanese.\n\n## step 1 (Hiragana → Kanji)\n\nI could't determine \"もの\" by only reference sentence. Maybe you can rewrite\n\"もの\" to \"物\".\n\n```\n\n あの男　どうしても　探さなければならない\n ものが　あると言って　旅に出ちまった。\n おかげで　娘は　泣いてばかりさ。\n \n```\n\n## step 2 (space → punctuation)\n\n```\n\n あの男，どうしても探さなければならないものがあると言って，旅に出ちまった。\n おかげで，娘は泣いてばかりさ。\n \n```\n\n## step 3 (more formal)\n\n```\n\n あの男は，「どうしても探さなければならないものがある」と言って，旅に出てしまいました．\n そのせいで，娘は泣いてばかりです．\n \n```\n\nIn this sentence, \"娘(Daughter)\" is not necessarily the daughter of \"あの男(The\nman)\". It can be determined by context of story.\n\nCould you deepen understand?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T09:00:16.813", "id": "96434", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T09:00:16.813", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54588", "parent_id": "96402", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "In modern standard Japanese, 世 is accented (よ＼) and この世 is 尾高 (このよ＼).\n\nOne might wonder what the point of considering この世 as its own word is since\nthe location of the accent doesn’t change, but there is a good reason.\n\n世, when followed by a の stays accented (as is usual for a one-mora word),\nwhile この世 loses its accent when followed by a の (as is usual for almost all\nodaka words):\n\n * このよ＼は\n * このよの\n * よ＼は\n * よ＼の\n\nThis is good enough reason to consider この世 its own lexical item because\notherwise there would be no way to account for this (as this does _not_\nnormally happen with この — e.g., この木の would be このき＼の).\n\nあの世 behaves the same as この世.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-29T11:26:48.513", "id": "96406", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-29T11:33:51.697", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-29T11:33:51.697", "last_editor_user_id": "3097", "owner_user_id": "3097", "parent_id": "96403", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "ネタ is probably used in the sense of \"non-truth\".\n\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AD%E3%81%9F-595058>\n\n> ５ 人をかつぐための、真実めかした作り話。悪意のある嘘ではなく、相手を笑わせたり軽くからかったりする程度である場合をいう。「彼の失敗談はねただろう」\n\nてい (体) in this context means \"pretense\".\n\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BD%93-90708>\n\n> ２ 見せかけ。体裁。「―のいい返事」\n\nWith the context of the speaker wanting to tell a tale in mind, ネタ話だって体で\nsounds like \"let's pretend that this story [that I'm about to tell] is not\nabout a real event\". They are probably saying that they want to talk about\n\"self harm\" (judging by 自傷症性なんだけど), which actually happened, under the\npretense of telling a fictitious tale.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-29T12:40:20.733", "id": "96407", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-29T12:47:03.813", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-29T12:47:03.813", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "96404", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "It's the first time I've heard of the song, I'm writing this as a speculation.\n\n# Situation\n\nIn song situation, season is past spring.\n\nIt's 桜の散る時期 (The season when cherry blossoms falling).\n\nmain character of the song are standing (or walking) and viewing はらはら散る桜.\n\n```\n\n Have you seen Cherry Blossoms falling?\n \n```\n\nwind blow off cherry blossoms (薄紅色の桜の花びら).\n\nthe character feel kindness for those color.\n\nnobody collect falled (falling?) cherry blossoms. (誰も拾い集めない)\n\n# Consideration\n\nthe character feel kindness because 薄紅色 is 「優しい色 (Please Search)」.\n\n> 拾い集める人もいないのに → nobody collect those\n\nbut Japanese originally has no custom for collecting those.\n\nSo I think the meaning of this part,\n\n「誰も見向きもしない」 (nobody pay attention to those.)\n\n# Conclusion\n\nThe character feel tasteful by viewing beautiful color cherry blossoms\nscattering.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-29T16:27:25.647", "id": "96410", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-29T16:27:25.647", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54588", "parent_id": "96408", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Your understanding seems fine.\n\n * **効能** [noun]: Refers to positive/expected effects of a therapy/medicine/onsen/etc.\n * **効き目** [noun]: Almost the same as 効能, but it is a wago (see [wago-and-kango](/questions/tagged/wago-and-kango \"show questions tagged 'wago-and-kango'\")) and tends to be avoided in academic contexts.\n * **効力** [noun]: Can be used in the same way as 効能 in therapeutic contexts, but mainly used in other contexts in the sense of validness/activeness, as in \"the law is in _effect_ \", \"the rule took _effect_ \".\n * **効果** [noun]: Almost the same as 効能 in therapeutic contexts. Also used in other contexts in the sense of illusion/tricks/decoration, as in \"visual/audio _effect_ \".\n * **作用** [noun, suru-verb]: Tends to refer to direct effects at a more mechanical level (physics, physiology, etc). This is a neutral word that does not assume the effect is desirable. 副作用 (\"side effect\") is an important derivative word.\n * **影響** [noun, suru-verb]: Closer to \"influence\" rather than \"effect\".\n * **有効** [na-adj]: \"Effective\". The only na-adjective among these.\n\nSo \"This drug is effective\" can be translated as この薬には効能がある, この薬には効き目がある,\nこの薬には効果がある and この薬は有効だ. この薬には作用がある makes little sense unless this was said as\nopposed to placebo.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Difference between 影響 and 効果](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/76815/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T04:54:22.900", "id": "96432", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T04:54:22.900", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96409", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "中編小説 would be understood, but for most people, it does not mean any specific\nlength. In ordinary speech, there is mostly just a distinction between 小説 and\n短編小説. That should be why novella is translated as 短編小説, meaning what is\nshorter than full novels.\n\nThere is no standard for the lengths of novels. According to web searches\n([site 1](https://www.yu-hanami.com/entry/2018/02/19/170200), [site\n2](https://asanoajisai.com/classification-of-novels)), the following seems\ncommon.\n\n * 長編: 300> sheets\n * 中編: 100-300 sheets\n * 短編: 10-100 sheets,\n\nwhere 'sheet' refers to [a special paper for\ncompositions](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%A8%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%B4%99)\nthat contains 400 characters per sheet.\n\nAnything shorter would be called ショートショート, 掌編小説 etc.\n\n* * *\n\n一夕話 is not current, and コント means exclusively a type of comic performance\n(short comic drama).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-29T23:05:07.637", "id": "96417", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-29T23:05:07.637", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96411", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "I would say a rule of thumb is:\n\n * 長編/長篇 - a complete story that can be published stand-alone as a book or a series of books\n * 短編/短篇 - a story that is (way) too short to fill one book; they are published as a collection (短編集/短篇集)\n * 中編/中篇 - anything in between (perhaps because of this ambiguity this term might be less commonly used, but it definitely exists in the vocabulary of regular people); something like 2-4 of them can fill one book when published, maybe one can even be published as a very thin book\n\nOne thing to note about those terms is that 小説 in Japanese is not exactly\n\"novel\" (in the sense of the English term as I understand), but it encompasses\nover all lengths of written fictions including epic novels and short stories.\nWhen you mean \"novel\", you probably want to say 長編小説, or 長編 when it's obvious\nthat you are talking about written fictions. (長編 in general can also refer to\nmanga, films and other creative works of story-telling that are considered\nlong, by the way.)\n\n小説 as a concept is primarily applied works made in the meiji period and after,\nwhen it comes to Japanese-language works. I think this is because works like\n竹取物語 are told in a way very different from the modern idea of novels. (The\nTale of Genji might be an exception and I know some experts call it one of the\nearliest novels, though.) Many of the early Meiji authors studied and/or\ntranslated foreign works.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-30T08:27:54.970", "id": "96424", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-30T08:39:40.550", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-30T08:39:40.550", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "96411", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "～ちゃ is an informal abbreviation of ～ては, so しちゃ is from しては. This sentence is\njust rearranged so the conclusion is first, but has the same meaning \"forward\"\n\n> 喧嘩ばかりしてはダメだよ\n\n(Where ～てはダメ means \" _(do/have)ing ～ is no good \"_)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-29T17:26:03.987", "id": "96413", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-29T17:26:03.987", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "78", "parent_id": "96412", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "で is basically a condition marker, which may serve as a hint. Sometimes (人)では\nhas an implication like \"if/since it's him/her/me\", \"if you ask him/her/me\",\n\"on one's side\" etc.\n\n私には分かりません and 私では分かりません are usually interchangeable, but the former is more\nsimple and sounds like the problem is too difficult (to the speaker or to\nanyone). The latter sometimes sounds like \"You're asking a wrong person\".\n\n彼には英語が話せる is a simple and natural sentence (\"He can speak English\"), but\n彼では英語が話せる is odd. 彼には英語が話せない is simple and natural, but 彼では英語が話せない means\nsomething nuanced like \"if (you ask it to) him, (he) can't speak English (so\nit won't work)\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-29T23:41:41.147", "id": "96419", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-29T23:49:19.967", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-29T23:49:19.967", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96414", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "Other dictionaries say 煎る is godan, and I believe this is a mistake of this\nsite. Scrambled egg is\n[いりたまご](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%82%92%E3%82%8A%E5%8D%B5), not いたまご.\n\nThus its negative form should be 煎らない, although admittedly this conjugation is\nuncommon, and even native speakers may sometimes make a mistake and say 煎ない.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-29T23:14:47.087", "id": "96418", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-29T23:14:47.087", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96416", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It’s [ふこう]{LHL}, whether it’s followed by の or not. I have never heard anyone\npronounce it as [ふこう]{HLL} or [ふこう]{LHH} unless it’s part of compound nouns\nlike 不幸中 ([ふこうちゅう]{LHHHHH}) in the fixed phrase 不幸中の幸い.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-30T07:31:08.437", "id": "96423", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-30T07:58:12.970", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-30T07:58:12.970", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96420", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "どのように〜するかの策 is grammatically correct but sounds a bit clumsy. It would sound\nmore natural if you removed の and let the clause ending with か modify the\nverb. (Not completely sure how it is explained grammatically, but I think it's\nworking as an adverb.)\n\n> どのように私を大学に連れていくか策を練る\n\n私を大学に連れていく sounds more natural than 大学に私を連れていく to me. Either way, it is most\nlikely understood as meaning the parents will physically take the child to the\ncollege. It might not be what you meant.\n\nAlternatively, you can say 私を大学に連れていく策 or 私を大学に連れていくための策.\n\nI would leave どのように in this particular case for its emphasizing effect. いかに\nwould sound more dramatic.\n\n> 両親がどのように私を大学に連れていくか策を練る一方、私はユーチューブで動画を観たりしていて、将来のために何かをする気にならなかった。\n\nながら is normally used for a parallel action by the same agent. I would say\neither 策を練る一方 or 策を練る中 here.\n\nどうして〜するかの理由 sounds even more awkward than どのように〜するかの策 for some reason I can’t\nquite pinpoint. It could be that the pair of どうして and 理由 sounds more\nredundant.\n\nHere again, you can simply say 授業を取っている理由.\n\nIf you want to leave どうして, you can make the clause that begins with it (and\nends with か) a direct object of 理解する.\n\n> すぐに、どうして授業を取っている（の）かを理解しなければならなくなる。\n\n素早く is used for an action that is taken quickly. すぐに seems more appropriate in\nthis context.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T00:05:25.753", "id": "96431", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T00:27:56.850", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-01T00:27:56.850", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96430", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "# 1\n\n> つぎの日の夜明け、海鳥の群れがいくつも、大きな白い雲のようにかたまって、風にしなう森の木々の上空を流されていった。\n\n## remove time\n\n> 海鳥の群れがいくつも、大きな白い雲のようにかたまって、風にしなう森の木々の上空を流されていった。\n\n## remove state representation\n\n> 海鳥の群れがいくつも、森の木々の上空を流されていった。\n\n## formatting\n\n> 海鳥の群れが，森の上空を飛んでいた．\n\n# 2, 3\n\nI think theirs are very simplified.\n\nIf I had to say shortening is following.\n\n## 2\n\n> 両がわが、刈りこまれた高いイチイの生け垣になっている。\n\n> 両側が、イチイの生け垣である。\n\n## 3\n\n> 元気なく尾が垂れている犬\n\n> 尾が垂れている犬", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T09:22:46.263", "id": "96435", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T09:40:55.677", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-01T09:40:55.677", "last_editor_user_id": "54588", "owner_user_id": "54588", "parent_id": "96433", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The first なんでも is an adverb that roughly means \"from what I\nrecall/gather/heard\", \"if I remember correctly\". It's used as a hedge when you\nsay something from an unreliable source/memory. Here are what dictionaries\nsay:\n\n> * あいまいな記憶や他人から聞いた話など、判断の不確かなさま。また、そのような場合に発することば。たしか。聞くところでは。 \n> (精選版日本国語大辞典)\n> * よくはわからないが。どうやら。「何でも近く結婚するらしい」 \n> (デジタル大辞泉)\n> *\n> 《多く、下に「…らしい」「…そうだ［ようだ］」「…という（ことだ）」などの語を伴って》その情報が不確かな記憶や伝聞に基づく意を表す。確か。「何でも無事だったらしい」「何でも明日来るとかいうことだ」 \n> (明鏡国語辞典)\n>\n\nThe second なんでも seems to mean いくらなんでも/なにがなんでも (\"no matter how (you look at\nit)\") in this context, but なんでも is not used in this sense today.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T10:23:45.790", "id": "96437", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T10:23:45.790", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96436", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 }, { "body": "(The excellent) 日本語文型辞典 by くろし gives the two following use cases for 何でも.\n\n 1. 何でも好きなものを注文してください。 -> どんなことでも どのようなものでも すべて whatever\n 2. 何でも彼女はもうすぐ仕事を辞めるそうです。 -> 後ろに[らしい・そうだ]などの伝聞(rumor)を表す表現を伴って、人から聞いた内容をあまり確信を持たずに伝える @naruto's main meaning.\n\nBut I don't see how this second meaning works in either of your sentences.\nSemantically it doesn't work, and grammatically it doesn't work because no\nそうだ-like closure is appended. So I would go for the \" whatever\" meaning of the\nconstruct.\n\n> 何でも薄暗いじめじめした所でニャーニャー泣いていた事だけは記憶している。\n\n\"In every dark humid place they (I?) were miawing, is all I can remember.\" is\nmy best guess.\n\nTo understand your second sentence, a key element is [from\nHiNative](https://ja.hinative.com/questions/6877003), on the same sentence.\nIndeed, はてな is the question mark symbol, so はてな何でも様子 is \"question mark like\nshape\"/\"a shape like a question mark, or whatever\"/\"a twisted shape\".\n\nThis twisted shape is weird/uncomfortable/funny, so [they] sluggishly/slowly\ntry and creep [their] way out only to feel extreme pain.\n\nWould that fit with the context?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T15:38:31.307", "id": "96445", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-04T15:18:51.057", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-04T15:18:51.057", "last_editor_user_id": "27777", "owner_user_id": "27777", "parent_id": "96436", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "小畑 is not normally read as Emiriya. I'm pretty sure it's just a mistake - an\nartifact made during format conversion or something.\n\nThat said, I believe there is no statutory regulation on readings of kanji\nused in names in Japan. That is the reason why [kira kira\nnames](https://japantoday.com/category/features/lifestyle/what-are-%27kira-\nkira%27-names-and-why-japanese-parents-choose-them-for-their-kids) exist.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T11:07:32.543", "id": "96439", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T11:07:32.543", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "96438", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "That `#names` function of jisho.org has been severely broken (or tainted) for\na long time, and you should not believe anything from it. See [this\ndiscussion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/68019/5010). I am surprised\nthat jisho.org still hasn't fixed this obvious problem—it still says [いしだ is a\nvalid reading of\n佐々木](https://jisho.org/search/%23names%20%E4%BD%90%E3%80%85%E6%9C%A8) and\n[えりりん is a valid reading of\n田村](https://jisho.org/search/%23names%20%E7%94%B0%E6%9D%91)!\n\nIn Japan, the spelling (kanji) and the pronunciation of a person name can be\nregistered separetely, so it is at least \"legal\" to have a baby whose spelling\nis 小畑 and whose reading is えみりや (see [this\ndiscussion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18332/5010)). Nevertheless,\n小畑 is a **surname** to begin with, and it's almost never given as a first name\nwith an arbitrary reading. Also, if the spelling and the pronunciation are\nirrelevant to this extent, the government usually will not accept such a\nregistration. Since the database contains many other clearly wrong names, I\ncan assure you that this えみりや is 99.99% a hoax, too.\n\nThe correct reading of 小畑 is おばた (or sometimes おばたけ, こばたけ, こはた).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T13:37:43.290", "id": "96440", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T13:43:13.173", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-01T13:43:13.173", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96438", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Using [で](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%A7/#je-50708) or\n[に](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%AB/#je-56984) in the sentence\nwon't change the meaning. Both would be understood as _Mike is excited\n**because of** winter vacation_.\n\nBoth で and に can mean a reason or cause. The following is from the entry に.\nAll the に used here can be replaced by で without changing the meaning (much).\n\n> 6〔理由，原因〕for；with \n>\n>\n> 恥ずかしさに赤面した \n> She blushed for shame. \n>\n>\n> うれしさに躍り上がった \n> He danced for [with] joy.\n>\n> 寒さに震えた \n> They shivered with cold.\n>\n> 彼らは飢えに苦しんでいた \n> They were suffering from hunger.\n>\n> 警報に驚いた \n> We were startled by the alarm.\n\nOn the other hand, 彼はがんで死んだ ( _He died of cancer_., で is used for a cause)\ncan't be ×彼はがんに死んだ. So it ultimately depends on the verb whether で/に is used.\n\n* * *\n\nBTW 私は学校でいます is not acceptable. It should be 私は学校にいます.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T23:10:30.327", "id": "96450", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T23:10:30.327", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96441", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This S is the opposite of\n[M](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/59285/5010).\n\n> 私って、Sな気質なのかもしれませんねー。 \n> I may have a bit of sadistic temperament!\n\nAlthough this is originally a term related to sexual pleasure, whether it has\na sexual implication depends on the context.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T15:32:03.157", "id": "96443", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T16:43:49.513", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-01T16:43:49.513", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96442", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The last question is easy to answer: 議論 is closer.\n\nThe character 討 carries a connotation of “battle”. 討論 certainly assumes there\nare opposing sides and possibly also that there will be a winner. For example,\na debate between heads of political parties is 党首討論.\n\n議論 is a more general term for discussion. Being a word of Chinese formation\n(kango), it has a formal sound to it, but it basically means the same as 話し合い\nwhen it refers to a concrete occasion where multiple people actually discuss\nsomething.\n\n議論 can also be used in a more abstract sense, corresponding to the second\ndefinition of “debate” in the following excerpt from New Oxford American\nDictionary. (The first definition corresponds to 討論.)\n\n> **debate** | dəˈbeɪt | \n> noun\n>\n> a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative\n> assembly, in which opposing arguments are put forward: _last night's\n> **debate on** the Education Bill._\n>\n> • an argument about a particular subject, especially one in which many\n> people are involved: _the national **debate on** education_ | _there has\n> been much debate about prices._", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-02T05:31:39.397", "id": "96453", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-02T05:31:39.397", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96444", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "I think most native speakers would understand it as a dialectal form for\n見てください even if they have never heard it or don’t know what dialect it is. (I\nhaven't and don't, but it sounds like a northern dialect to me.)\n\n見てけろ is another possible form. You might find it easier to guess because it\nsounds closer to the imperative 見てくれ.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-02T05:58:34.950", "id": "96455", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-02T05:58:34.950", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96446", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "From\n[Wikipedia/モールス符号#和文モールス符号](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7#%E5%92%8C%E6%96%87%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7)\n\n> 拗音および促音については規定されておらず、通常の文字として表現する。例：「ヒャッカジテン」は「ヒヤツカシ゛テン」と送信する。\n\nSo generally there is no code for small letters and just use the 'large' ones.\n\nAs for ー,\n\n> 長音「ー」 ・－－・－\n\nI suppose symbols other than those listed in the above page are not commonly\nused.\n\n* * *\n\n[Google input](https://www.google.co.jp/ime/-.-.html) does support small\nletters.\n\n> 「っ」や「ゃゅょ」のような促音・拗音は、従来の和文モールス符号ではサポートされていませんが、Google\n> 日本語入力モールスバージョンでは、大きい「つ」や「やゆよ」の後に半濁点符号・・－－・を打つことで、促音・拗音を入力することができます。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T22:57:31.263", "id": "96449", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T22:57:31.263", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96447", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Simply put, と申します is politer than と言います. In business settings, it should be\nsafer to use the former whereas the latter may sound natural e.g. when you\nintroduce yourself at a casual party hosted by your friend.\n\nThe difference is 丁寧語（と言います） and 謙譲語/丁重語（と申します）. Quoting a website,\n\n> [丁寧語](https://www.tomojuku.com/blog/polite/)の代表は「です」「ます」です。 「です」「ます」を使うことで、\n> 聞き手やその場の状況に配慮していることを表します。\n\n> [丁重語（謙譲語Ⅱ）](https://www.tomojuku.com/blog/humble2/)とは 非常に改まった場で用いる敬語です。 例えば\n> 「よろしくお願いします」は 丁寧な言い方で、よく使われます。\n>\n> それに比べ 丁重語を使った 「よろしくお願いいたします。」は 改まった場で使う言い方となります。\n>\n> 「改まった場で使う」とは 入学式や卒業式、結婚式などでの スピーチを思い浮かべると わかりやすいと思います。\n>\n> 丁重語（謙譲語Ⅱ）は フォーマルな服装をしなければならない場で 使われます。 また、 大勢の人の前で話す時にも使われるので、 大切な敬語となります。\n\nSo both are polite forms 'indicating considerations to the circumstances', but\n丁重語 is a form used in more formal settings (giving a presentation, formal\nspeech, etc.).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-01T23:37:52.867", "id": "96451", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-01T23:37:52.867", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96448", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "Glyphwiki has\n[](https://glyphwiki.org/glyph/n-gtwinppx_u8003.50px.png)\nas an alternative glyph of [考](https://glyphwiki.org/wiki/u8003-ue0102), so it\nlooks like more than one person write the character that way. I have never\nseen that, but perhaps it might not be so rare in calligraphy? (Bear in mind\nthat the wiki page provides no source, though.)\n\nFun fact: 攷 is an alternative form of 考 and it's still used in Japanese words\nlike 論攷.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-02T08:29:57.237", "id": "96456", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-03T09:10:05.397", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-03T09:10:05.397", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "96454", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 }, { "body": "1. 考(father) has similar meaning and pronunciation with 老(old men in family) in its original usage in Chinese. It's written like [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WThrT.png) or [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qXj0d.png) in 《說文解字》. The ㄎ part is a cane or walking STICK supporting an old man.\n\n 2. 與(give) or 与(the core part of 與) have completely different meaning although some part is written similarly. It was written like [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ItGlw.png) or [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VWJZM.png). The 与 part is FOOD or soup or drinks inside a bowl, we hold it with both hands politely to give (あげる).\n\n 3. 攷 has its own meaning as knock or strike or hack. And was written like [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/moO9x.png), expressing that a hand makes use of a STICK to strike. This is why it has the same pronunciation as 考. However, this writing becomes rarely used in China, most of the time we borrow 考 to express 'strike' or the similar. So as to 考える in Japanese.\n\n**Conclusion** : [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FRzlM.png)\ndoesn't make any sense. People writing this way just mix up two things.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-03T06:15:51.760", "id": "96469", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-03T11:42:26.510", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-03T11:42:26.510", "last_editor_user_id": "36927", "owner_user_id": "36927", "parent_id": "96454", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

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[ { "body": "According to\n[日本国語大辞典](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%82%82%E3%81%9D%E3%82%82%E3%81%9D/)\nthe word means:\n\n> ［副］(スル)「もぞもぞ2」に同じ。「―と起き上がる」\n\nAka it has the same meaning as definition 2 of もぞもぞ. Looking at the [same\ndictionary's\ndefinition](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%82%82%E3%81%9E%E3%82%82%E3%81%9E/#jn-219200)\nfor もぞもぞ:\n\n> ２ 動作や態度がはっきりしないさま。また、落ち着かないようすで、からだの一部分を動かすさま。もそもそ。「ばつが悪そうに―している」\n\nMy translation:\n\n> Movements or attitude are not distinct. Or, an appearance of not being calm\n> and having one part of the body moving. Also もそもそ.\n\nI'm guessing it's the former meaning as the latter seems not as related. I\nthink in this case, the movements of the person getting up are not distinct,\nlikely because of being under the covers.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-02T20:23:38.500", "id": "96461", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-02T20:23:38.500", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10045", "parent_id": "96458", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "アンイ An'i or アンイー An'ii would be the normal representation on similar Chinese\nnames, such as [Gu\nLingyi](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9C%8A%E7%9B%8A) or [Ju\nJingyi](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9E%A0%E5%A9%A7%E7%A6%95).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-02T20:53:12.073", "id": "96462", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-02T20:53:12.073", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "96459", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "って here is an informal way of saying と. Have a look at the answer in this\nthread:\n\n[Confusion with に、を、と particles used with verbs like\n感じる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/57217/confusion-\nwith-%E3%81%AB-%E3%82%92-%E3%81%A8-particles-used-with-verbs-\nlike-%E6%84%9F%E3%81%98%E3%82%8B)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-03T05:24:32.347", "id": "96467", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-03T05:24:32.347", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "18145", "parent_id": "96460", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "超 (chō) is basically \"super\" or \"ultra\". While it can slangily modify words\nlike うれしい, 欲しい and 頑張った in informal conversations, it is also a prefix used in\nacademic terms, for example 超伝導 (\"superconductivity\"), 超長距離 (\"ultradistance\")\nand 超光速 (\"superluminal\").\n\nめっちゃ is always used in informal situations. Although it's now common also\naround Tokyo, this is originally Kansai-dialect, and is more common in western\nparts of Japan.\n\nめっちゃ and (slangy) 超 are grammatically interchangeable (they can modify both\nadjectives and verbs), but I feel めっちゃ is likely to be considered slightly\nmore slangy, or \"rougher\", than 超, at least in eastern Japan. Friends of the\nyounger generation would have no problem using either, but some people who are\na bit more mature and gentle may avoid using めっちゃ.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-03T03:55:59.590", "id": "96466", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-03T09:41:20.667", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-03T09:41:20.667", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96464", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "When English speakers say words like “once” and “tension”, a little plosion\nhappens before [s] or [ʃ] resulting in sounds some Japanese speakers may hear\nas ワンツ and テンチョン, respectively. You only need to avoid this when you say words\nlike おんせい and かんしゃ in Japanese. If you can do that by pronouncing ん with the\n[n] sound, that’s fine. Most Japanese speakers wouldn’t even notice. It’s just\neasier if the tip of the tongue is not touching the roof of the mouth from the\nbeginning, like [õse:] and [kãɕa], and that’s how most native speakers\npronounce it.\n\nThis problem doesn’t occur with [h].", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-03T06:28:48.293", "id": "96470", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-03T06:28:48.293", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96465", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This construction `[V ます-stem]-続ける` expresses the idea of “to continue to V”\nor “to continue V-ing”. The verb in this case is 炊く. Whatever is referred to\nby もの continues to burn or boil the body.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-03T06:53:17.740", "id": "96471", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-03T06:53:17.740", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "96468", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "いく is the correct one in this case. The reason is as you said, because it's\nassociated with 食べに.\n\nおこなう is a very formal expression that has various meanings when translated\ninto English (such as to do, to conduct, to have, to make etc). You almost\nnever hear おこなう in everyday **casual** conversation.\n\nHowever, when it comes to reading, it's true, sometimes difficult to tell\nwhich way to read it at first glance.\n\nI would say the keys are\n\n * Pay attention to the particle before 行く/行う.\n * Get some hints from the context.\n\n### The below are some example sentences where you can distinguish between いく\nand おこなう by the particle.\n\n> 調査 **に** 行った。（〜に いく）\n>\n> I went to investigate.\n\n> 調査 **を** 行った。（〜を おこなう）\n>\n> I did some research.\n\n> 友だちは今、実験 **に** 行っています。（〜に いく）\n>\n> My friend is going to an experiment at the moment.\n\n> 教授は今、実験 **を** 行っています。（〜を おこなう）\n>\n> The professor is conducting an experiment now.\n\n### The below are some example sentences where you can distinguish between いく\nand おこなう in context.\n\n> 彼の指示どおりに行ったので、プレゼンテーションは大成功だった。（おこなった）\n>\n> I followed his instructions, so the presentation was a great success.\n\n> 彼の指示どおりに行ったので、全然迷わなかった。（いった）\n>\n> I went (there) according to his instructions, so I didn't get lost at all.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-03T09:15:26.280", "id": "96474", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-03T09:15:26.280", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54458", "parent_id": "96473", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "I'm Japanese.\n\nI feel these sentences like following.\n\n> 波にのまれる\n\nThey were covered by waves.\n\nSomeone may survive own with luck.\n\n> 波にさらわれる\n\nThe man was washed away.\n\nIt's difficult for him to survive.\n\nHe need both of super good luck and rescue to survive.\n\n# Additional Feeling\n\n> 波にのまれる\n\nDepending on the sentence context, it's also possible that the surfer fell\nover in the waves.\n\n> 波にさらわれる\n\nwashed away (ex. rip current)\n\nPerhaps there may be a pattern of 「波にのまれる」then「波にさらわれる」.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-03T15:22:19.940", "id": "96476", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-03T15:22:19.940", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54588", "parent_id": "96475", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The following question deals with the same sentence.\n\n * [precision about 見た感じ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/83265/45489)\n\nThe sentences below mean more or less the same.\n\n> 見た感じ身分証 **みたいに見える** 。\n>\n> 見た感じ **は** 身分証 **みたいに見える** 。\n>\n> 見た感じ **が** 身分証 **みたいに見える** 。\n>\n> 見た感じ **(は/が)** 身分証 **に見える** 。\n>\n> 見た感じ **(は/が)** 身分証 **みたいだ** 。\n\nYou can think there is an omission of は or が or even では as you guessed, but it\nis also possible to argue that 見た感じ is a noun that works adverbially, here\nmodifying に見える (or みたいだ in the last sentence above).\n\nAs for みたいに見える, the difference is subtle, but as the linked answer says, it\nadds uncertainty to 見える. 身分証みたいに見える may be closer to _looks something like an\nID_ while 身分証に見える is _looks like an ID_ (the speaker is to an extent sure that\nit is).\n\n* * *\n\nSee e.g. the following for adverbial usage of nouns (although 見た感じ is not\ntemporal obviously).\n\n * [Adverbial Nouns and Temporal Nouns](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23578/45489)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-03T22:21:07.160", "id": "96480", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-04T09:47:53.553", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-04T09:47:53.553", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96477", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This usage of 何だけど should be considered as a set phrase meaning _it is\nawkward/weird/strange_ , indicating some inconsistencies between what was said\nbefore and what the speaker is going to say.\n\nHere, a literal translation would be\n\n * 自分で言いだしておいて This is what I proposed myself\n * 何だけど― so it is awkward (to add/say this)\n * 全部のＤメールを取り消すなんて (are we really going to do such a thing as) cancelling all those d-mails..\n\n* * *\n\n立ち話もなんですから is _It is awkward to keep standing while we talk_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-03T22:08:42.960", "id": "96479", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-03T22:08:42.960", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96478", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "In English, \"Hollywood movie\" makes perfect sense, but \"Houston movie\" is a\npuzzling expression when used on its own. Likewise, saying 秋風鈴 without の\nimplies you are thinking it is a fixed idea, as a compound word. Generally\nspeaking, 秋風鈴 sounds puzzling because it is not a word Japanese people have\nrecognized.\n\n * [Why isn't 日本料理 written as 日本の料理?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27485/5010)\n * [赤ずきん vs. 赤い頭巾 (grammar)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/93115/5010)\n * [-的 adjectives modifying nouns without な](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21150/5010)\n * [the omission of an implied \"の\" creates the appearance of a 四字熟語{よじじゅくご}?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19365/5010)\n\nSo, if you used 秋風鈴 without any context, people are going to ask you, **\"\nWhat's a 秋風鈴?\"** If it is the title of a video with a story, and you can\nconfidently state your definition of 秋風鈴 in one or two sentences, then go\nahead and use it for that meaning in your work. If it's a new product name\n(like \"Apple Watch\" or \"Cup Noodle\"), it makes sense, too. On the other hand,\nif there is no special meaning and it's just some wind chime you saw in\nautumn, you usually should not omit の.\n\nThere is indeed a song titled\n[秋風鈴](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emxEZIEvWWo) by Maiko Fujita. By\nintentionally giving a little puzzling title, I feel the lyricist is trying to\nmake you guess the metaphorical meaning of 秋風鈴 here. The audience ask\nthemselves \"What is a 秋風鈴?\", and they would notice the implication here is\n\"something left behind\", or \"someone forgotten\", because a wind chime is\nbasically a symbol of summer.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-04T02:10:21.900", "id": "96482", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-07T03:18:06.967", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-07T03:18:06.967", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96481", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "It's ものだ, but だ has been replaced by a question marker か to decrease the level\nof certainty. ものだ can express something is a natural or (\"general\")\nexpectation based on common sense.\n\n * [How to parse 親も辞書を買ってやったかいがあるってもんだ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28872/5010)\n * [Why should I use わけだ and not ものだ in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/49130/5010)\n\n> てっきり先生なら空も飛べるもの **か** と。 \n> てっきり先生なら空も飛べるもの **だ** と。\n>\n> I _naturally_ thought you could fly in the sky(, can't you?) \n> I had completely believed you could _of course_ fly...\n\nUnless I have missed something, ものだ never means \"as if ...\".", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-05T08:39:27.607", "id": "96492", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-05T09:48:59.497", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-05T09:48:59.497", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96484", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "* **専門家** (noun): \"Expert\" in the sense of someone who has academic/professional knowledge and (usually) makes money in that field (e.g., researcher, analyst, lawyer, technologist, physician). Or \"specialist\" who is especially good at one thing (e.g,. someone who uses only one character in a fighting game).\n * **達人** (noun): \"Expert\" in the sense of someone who is very skillful at something. This says nothing about one's knowledge level. For example, a ピアノの専門家 doesn't have to be able to play the piano well, whereas a ピアノの達人 is good at playing the piano but may know little about the history of the piano. フランス語の専門家 is someone who professionally studies/teaches French, and フランス語の達人 is a very fluent French speaker.\n * **名人** (noun, suffix): An honorific title like \"grand master\" (of chess, Tetris, etc). 達人 can be used relatively casually and subjectively, while 名人 tends to be used only for true world leaders (or just [one champion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meijin_\\(shogi\\)) in some fields).\n * **博士** (noun, suffix): \"PhD\" (academic degree). Sometimes works like \"doc(tor)\" (as an informal title for a scientist, see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/82310/5010)).\n * **巨匠** (noun): \"legendary artist/artisan\", \"maestro\". Used only in fields related to art or craftsmanship, and for truly big names like Eric Clapton or Akira Kurosawa.\n * **通** (noun, suffix): An (often non-professional) person who has a good taste/sense and experience about a certain field. Often translated as \"connoisseur\". 食通 is a gourmet. 経済の専門家 is a professinal economist, whereas a 経済通 may not have an academic-type knowledge but may be good at rumors in Wall Street.\n * **玄人** (noun): 通 and/or 専門家, but sometimes has a connotation like \"hardcore; ununderstandable by novices\". 専門家向けの道具 is simply a professinal-grade tool, while 玄人向けの道具 may refer to a tricky tool that is not suitable for a beginner. 専門家向けのアニメ makes little sense, while 玄人向けのアニメ is a strange anime that can be enjoyed only by hardcore fans.\n * **有識者** (noun): Anyone who has a deep knowledge about some specific issue. Used almost exclusively in contexts related panel discussions, government advisory boards, etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-05T02:57:18.420", "id": "96490", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-05T07:45:39.313", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-05T07:45:39.313", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96485", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "It quite depends on the case. Without context, it is hard to tell, but it\nsounds most likely nothing related to romance.\n\nIt is because in the romantic case, 付き合ってやる sounds like `I can go out with you\nfor your sake`, which is quite weird, for me at least. It only makes sense in\nthe situation where you're so much confident that the person is in love with\nyou and you're (or, you want to pretend to be) not so willing to go out with\nhim/her.\n\nSo, I guess 付き合ってやる is most likely meaning `I can do whatever you want\ntogether with you for your sake` (possibly without willingness). There's no\nromance or love. It's crudely showing kindness.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-05T01:50:54.173", "id": "96488", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-05T01:50:54.173", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "36794", "parent_id": "96487", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Grammatically both are 尊敬語 and equally polite.\n\nIn fact they refer to each other in the definitions.\n\n>\n> [いらっしゃる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%82%8B/) \n>\n>\n> 1. 「行く」「来る」「居る」の尊敬語。おいでになる。「休日にはどこへ―・るのですか」「先生が―・った」「明日は家に―・いますか」\n>\n\n>\n> [おいでになる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%BE%A1%E5%87%BA%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B/) \n>\n>\n> 1.\n> 「行く」「来る」「居る」の尊敬語。いらっしゃる。「日曜日は教会へ―・るそうです」「もう―・るころだろうとお待ちしておりました」「明日はお宅に―・りますか」\n>\n\nFor example,\n\n * 休日はどこへいらっしゃるのですか＝休日はどこへおいでになるのですか\n * 先生がいらっしゃった＝先生がおいでになった\n * もういらっしゃるころだろうとお待ちしておりました＝もうおいでになるころだろうとお待ちしておりました etc.\n\n* * *\n\nI think いらっしゃる is more common, and in that sense おいでになる sounds a bit politer\n(or too polite outside hotels etc.).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-05T22:48:00.197", "id": "96502", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-05T22:48:00.197", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "96489", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "散りぬれど is made of three words:\n\n * 散り: the continuative form of 散る\n * ぬれ: the realis form (已然形) of [ぬ, an archaic auxiliary for perfective aspect](https://www.hello-school.net/haroajapa009005.htm)\n * ど: [an archaic conjunctive meaning \"even though\"](https://www.hello-school.net/haroajapa010014.htm).\n\nSo 散りぬれど means \"even though (something) has scattered\", or 散ったけれど/散ってしまったが in\nmodern Japanese.\n\nFWIW, に in 景色に is a destination particle, not a subject marker. The sentence\nbasically says something/someone has dissolved _into_ the scenery (hence \"I'm\nnobody\"). I think\n[うつろう](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%A7%BB%E3%82%8D%E3%81%86/) here\nprobably means \"(ever)changing/fading\", although it's usually written 移ろう in\nkanji.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-06T06:02:21.507", "id": "96508", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-06T06:02:21.507", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96491", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "[Definition\n2](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%BB%A2%E3%81%B6_%28%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%81%B6%29/)\nfor 転ぶ here defines it as 'to lose one's balance and fall down', while\n[落ちる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1%E3%82%8B/) is\ndefined as 'to naturally or suddenly move from above to below'. While\n_technically_ you could say 落ちる is involved in 転ぶ - it is after all gravity\npulling down after you lose your balance - in practice they're pretty\nseparate. There's more of an element of height in the ladder compared to the\nstairs.\n\nOne more example: if you tripped and fell through a window, the initial\ntripping is 転ぶ, while what happens after you go through is 落ちる.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-05T16:05:30.460", "id": "96496", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-05T16:05:30.460", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "96493", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "日誌(にっし) is a log (or logbook) used to record states, events or conditions\nrelated to machines or processes by the people who operate or manage them,\ninitially ships, but today also e.g. aircraft, nuclear plants, medical or\ndietary conditions, etc. The following page has instructions for how to keep a\nnursing log.\n<https://job.mynavi.jp/conts/2024/tok/hoiku/know/training_diary/01.html>\n\n日記(にっき) usually refers to a personal diary. The following store offers related\nstationary. <https://www.midori-store.net/SHOP/5293/list.html>\n\n日録(にちろく) is usually an official record. See for instance the following record\nof official duties at the Imperial Household Agency.\n<https://www.kunaicho.go.jp/culture/shoryobu/syuzou-k05.html>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-05T15:57:03.353", "id": "96495", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-05T15:57:03.353", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "18145", "parent_id": "96494", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Pretty sure Lolita is supposed to be written ロリータ, and that character should\nbe substitute for an elongation mark, as to why \"wi\" is used for \"i\", it might\nbe the same reason why を is often merged with \"お\" sound, but I'm not entirely\nsure. Quick googling gave me a novel by Takemoto Novala titled \"Lolita\" that\nwas spelled exactly like that, so what it might be is just some quaint/clever\nway to write it using the archaic character, and teenagers do like stand out\nby adopting unconventional methods in various things. So your \"less normie\nway\" guess shouldn't be far from the truth.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-05T20:44:35.077", "id": "96499", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-05T20:44:35.077", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54639", "parent_id": "96497", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "I haven't seen ロリータ written this way anywhere else, so I agree that this is\njust \"a silly one-off way of censoring ロリータ\". Of course this is a [fake\n\"censoring\" for humorous\neffect](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/11833/5010).\n\nLooks like there are a few existing works whose title contain the spelling\nロリヰタ, but they are not well-known. (If there is this kind of odd spelling in a\nbook title, it is not censorship but simply to make it eye-catching.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-10-06T04:54:10.250", "id": "96507", "last_activity_date": "2022-10-06T05:00:57.333", "last_edit_date": "2022-10-06T05:00:57.333", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "96497", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]