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It does so because the physical laws are different for different sized animals. | [
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Life spans seven orders of magnitude, from invisible bacteria to mites, ants, mice, dogs, humans, elephants and blue whales. | [
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Every size lives in its own unique universe right next to each other, each with its own rules, upsides and downsides. | [
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We'll explore these different worlds in a series of videos. | [
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Let's get back to the initial question. | [
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Why did our mouse survive the fall? | [
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Very small things, for example, are practically immune to falling from great heights, because the smaller you are, the less you care about the effect of gravity. | [
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Imagine a theoretical spherical animal the size of a marble. | [
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It has three features, its length, its surface area, which is covered in skin, and its volume, or all the stuff inside it like organs, muscles, hopes and dreams. | [
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If we make it ten times longer, say the size of a basketball, the rest of its features don't just grow ten times. | [
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Its skin will grow 100 times, and its insides, or its volume, grows by 1000 times. | [
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so a lot of kinetic energy gets distributed over a small space, and the air doesn't slow it down much at all. | [
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That's why it's completely destroyed in an impressive explosion of goo when it hits the ground. | [
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The other extreme, insects, have a huge surface area in relation to their tiny mass, so you can literally throw an ant from an aeroplane and it will not be seriously harmed. | [
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But while falling is irrelevant in the small world, there are other forces that are harmless for us, but extremely dangerous for small beings. | [
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How does it work? | [
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Water has the tendency to stick to itself. | [
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If you get wet, about 800 grams of water, or about 1% of your body weight, sticks to you. | [
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To make use of surface tension, evolution cracked nanotechnology billions of years before us. | [
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Things only become stranger from here on as we explore more universes of different sizes. | [
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The physical rules are so different for each size that evolution had to engineer around them over and over as life grew in size in the last billion years. | [
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We'll discuss this in the next part. | [
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We have a monthly newsletter now. | [
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Sign up if you don't want to miss new videos and for bonus videos. | [
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Black holes can destroy everything. | [
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But can they be destroyed? | [
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Let's create a tiny black hole about the mass of our moon in the Kurzgesagt labs and try to rip it apart. | [
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Experiment 1 Nuke it. | [
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Big booms break things, so to set the mood, let's explode the world's entire nuclear arsenal around our black hole. | [
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They have a mass, they can rotate and carry an electric charge. | [
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Once a black hole forms, it doesn't matter if it comes from a collapsed star, an anti-star or a banana, it will always be fully described by those three numbers, nothing else. | [
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Okay, we need to think bigger and stretch physics harder. | [
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Experiment 4, Destory the event horizon. | [
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It's true that a black hole can carry spin and charge, but even for these crazy objects, there are limits. | [
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If the spin or the charge of a black hole becomes too large, something really weird will happen. | [
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The event horizon will dissolve. | [
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In a simplified way, we think of black holes as hiding a singularity inside, | [
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This is why a black hole looks like a black sphere of nothingness. | [
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The event horizon is the outer edge of this ultimate prison. | [
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Cross it, and you'll never be able to come back. | [
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But when a black hole rotates, it works a bit like a spinning washing machine. | [
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It's as if the rotation wants to repel nearby objects and push them out of the black hole, which doesn't happen because its gravity is so strong. | [
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But if the rotation gets too fast, this effect will win and the event horizon will disappear. | [
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Nearby objects won't be imprisoned forever anymore. | [
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The same thing happens with the electric charge. | [
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Make it too large, and our ironclad jail will break open. | [
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If we manage to destroy the event horizon, the singularity would still be there, and objects would still naturally fall towards it. | [
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If you hit it, you would still die horribly and quickly. | [
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