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But this energy is raw and indigestible. | [
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It needs to be refined. | [
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After hundreds of millions of years of evolution, finally, a cell figured out how to eat the sun. | [
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It absorbed radiation and converted much of it into neat little chemical packages that it could use to stay alive. | [
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We call this process photosynthesis. | [
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You take photons that are wobbly with electromagnetic energy and use a part of this energy to merge and combine different molecules together. | [
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The electromagnetic energy is converted into chemical energy stored in the ATP molecule. | [
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This process became even better as some cells learned to create better chemical packages. | [
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This is so convenient that some cells decided that instead of doing all that pesky photosynthesis work themselves, | [
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they would just swallow other cells that did and take their glucose and ATP. | [
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This is widely considered one of the biggest anime betrayals in evolutionary history. | [
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And so things went on. | [
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Living cells could mostly harness energy at their surfaces, which limited their maximum energy production, which limited their evolutionary avenue somewhat. | [
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Evolution did its thing, but overall things stayed pretty much the same for hundreds of millions of years. | [
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Until one day, a cell ate another and did not kill it. | [
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Instead, they became one cell. | [
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Nothing had changed that day, but Earth would be different forever. | [
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This cell became the ancestor of all animals on this planet. | [
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All can trace back their existence to this moment. | [
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The merging of two living beings is so important because when those two cells became one, they became way more powerful. | [
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The formerly independent cell in the inside could stop trying to survive. | [
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It could concentrate on one thing, make ATP. | [
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It became the powerhouse of the cell, the first mitochondria. | [
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The host cell's job became to ensure survival in the dangerous world and provide the mitochondria with food. | [
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Mitochondria basically reverse photosynthesis in a similarly complex process. | [
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They take sugar molecules that we got from eating other living things, combust them with oxygen and precursor molecules to make new, energy-rich ATP molecules. | [
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This process works like a tiny furnace and spits out waste products like CO2, water, and a little bit of kinetic energy that you experience as body heat. | [
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This first division of labor meant the new cell had way more energy available than any cell before, which meant more possibilities for evolution to enable more complex cells. | [
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At some point, these cells began to form small groups or communities, which led to multicellular life and finally, to you. | [
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Today, you are a pile of trillions of cells, each filled with dozens, if not hundreds of little machines that provide you with usable energy to stay alive. | [
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If this process is interrupted, even for a few minutes, you die. | [
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But if life is so fragile, wouldn't it be a good idea to store ATP, like we store sugar in our fat cells so we don't die if we stop breathing for a while? | [
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If life has solved so many problems to make you live today, what's up with the dying quickly thing? | [
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Even simple bacteria like E. coli make about 50 times their body weight in ATP for every cell division. | [
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Your trillions of cells need a lot of ATP to keep you around. | [
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Every day, your body produces and converts about 90 million, billion, billion molecules of ATP, about your own body weight. | [
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You need a whole person's worth of ATP just to make it through a single day. | [
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Even storing enough ATP to last you a few minutes is basically impossible. | [
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An ATP molecule is really good for shifting energy around quickly, but it's terrible for storage since it has only 1% of a glucose molecule's energy at 3 times its mass. | [
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So ATP is constantly produced and used up fairly quickly. | [
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This was the short and simplified story of the molecule that allows you to be different from the dead universe and to be the slinky on the escalator. | [
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The patterns that keep coming up are all rooted in nature. | [
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They became part of our biology because they helped our ancestors survive. | [
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Identifying and assessing these things and phenomena correctly used to be vital. | [
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Can I eat this? | [
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Stems and trees and leaves and blossoms all grow symmetrically. | [
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A deer with impressive antlers is probably a source of nutritious meat. | [
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A deformed wheat ear may not be safe to eat. | [
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So our sense of beauty probably evolved from pattern recognition. | [
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But it goes way beyond that now. | [
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Humans seem to have evolved an instinct for beauty that is deeply hardwired into us. | [
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It remains even after other processes in our brain stop working. | [
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Alzheimer's patients were asked to rank the beauty of several paintings. | [
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Then the experiment was repeated two weeks later. | [
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The patients had long since forgotten the paintings, but still ranked the beauty of the paintings in the same order. | [
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