polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

ivanova-kuebler-2008-pos

{POS} Tagging for {G}erman: how important is the Right Context?

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1454/

Ivanova, Steliana and Kuebler, Sandra

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Part-of-Speech tagging is generally performed by Markov models, based on bigram or trigram models. While Markov models have a strong concentration on the left context of a word, many languages require the inclusion of right context for correct disambiguation. We show for German that the best results are reached by a combination of left and right context. If only left context is available, then changing the direction of analysis and going from right to left improves the results. In a version of MBT with default parameter settings, the inclusion of the right context improved POS tagging accuracy from 94.00{\%} to 96.08{\%}, thus corroborating our hypothesis. The version with optimized parameters reaches 96.73{\%}.

null

83,843

inproceedings

hanig-etal-2008-unsuparse

{U}nsu{P}arse: unsupervised Parsing with unsupervised Part of Speech Tagging

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1455/

H{\"anig, Christian and Bordag, Stefan and Quasthoff, Uwe

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Based on simple methods such as observing word and part of speech tag co-occurrence and clustering, we generate syntactic parses of sentences in an entirely unsupervised and self-inducing manner. The parser learns the structure of the language in question based on measuring breaking points within sentences. The learning process is divided into two phases, learning and application of learned knowledge. The basic learning works in an iterative manner which results in a hierarchical constituent representation of the sentence. Part-of-Speech tags are used to circumvent the data sparseness problem for rare words. The algorithm is applied on untagged data, on manually assigned tags and on tags produced by an unsupervised part of speech tagger. The results are unsurpassed by any self-induced parser and challenge the quality of trained parsers with respect to finding certain structures such as noun phrases.

null

83,844

inproceedings

tonelli-etal-2008-enriching

Enriching the Venice {I}talian Treebank with Dependency and Grammatical Relations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1456/

Tonelli, Sara and Delmonte, Rodolfo and Bristot, Antonella

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper we propose a rule-based approach to extract dependency and grammatical functions from the Venice Italian Treebank, a Treebank of written text with PoS and constituent labels consisting of 10,200 utterances and about 274,000 tokens. As manual corpus annotation is expensive and time-consuming, we decided to exploit this existing constituency-based Treebank to derive dependency structures with lower effort. After describing the procedure to extract heads and dependents, based on a head percolation table for Italian, we introduce the rules adopted to add grammatical relation labels. To this purpose, we manually relabeled all non-canonical arguments, which are very frequent in Italian, then we automatically labeled the remaining complements or arguments following some syntactic restrictions based on the position of the constituents w.r.t to parent and sibling nodes. The final section of the paper describes evaluation results. Evaluation was carried out in two steps, one for dependency relations and one for grammatical roles. Results are in line with similar conversion algorithms carried out for other languages, with 0.97 precision on dependency arcs and F-measure for the main grammatical functions scoring 0.96 or above, except for obliques with 0.75.

null

83,845

inproceedings

vuckovic-etal-2008-rule

Rule-Based Chunker for {C}roatian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1457/

Vu{\v{c}}kovi{\'c}, Kristina and Tadi{\'c}, Marko and Dovedan, Zdravko

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper we discuss a rule-based approach to chunking sentences in Croatian, implemented using local regular grammars within the NooJ development environment. We describe the rules and their implementation by regular grammars and at the same time show that in NooJ environment it is extremely easy to fine tune their different sub-rules. Since Croatian has strong morphosyntactic features that are shared between most or all elements of a chunk, the rules are built by taking these features into account and strongly relying on them. For the evaluation of our chunker we used a extracted set of manually annotated sentences from 100 kw MSD/tagged and disambiguated Croatian corpus. Our chunker performed the best on VP-chunks (F: 97.01), while NP-chunks (F: 92.31) and PP-chunks (F: 83.08) were of lower quality. The results are comparable to chunker performance of CoNLL-2000 shared task of chunking.

null

83,846

inproceedings

quochi-calderone-2008-learning

Learning properties of Noun Phrases: from data to functions

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1458/

Quochi, Valeria and Calderone, Basilio

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The paper presents two experiments of unsupervised classification of Italian noun phrases. The goal of the experiments is to identify the most prominent contextual properties that allow for a functional classification of noun phrases. For this purpose, we used a Self Organizing Map is trained with syntactically-annotated contexts containing noun phrases. The contexts are defined by means of a set of features representing morpho-syntactic properties of both nouns and their wider contexts. Two types of experiments have been run: one based on noun types and the other based on noun tokens. The results of the type simulation show that when frequency is the most prominent classification factor, the network isolates idiomatic or fixed phrases. The results of the token simulation experiment, instead, show that, of the 36 attributes represented in the original input matrix, only a few of them are prominent in the re-organization of the map. In particular, key features in the emergent macro-classification are the type of determiner and the grammatical number of the noun. An additional but not less interesting result is an organization into semantic/pragmatic micro-classes. In conclusions, our result confirm the relative prominence of determiner type and grammatical number in the task of noun (phrase)categorization.

null

83,847

inproceedings

banik-lee-2008-study

A Study of Parentheticals in Discourse Corpora - Implications for {NLG} Systems

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1459/

Banik, Eva and Lee, Alan

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper presents a corpus study of parenthetical constructions in two different corpora: the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB, (PDTBGroup, 2008)) and the RST Discourse Treebank (Carlson et al., 2001). The motivation for the study is to gain a better understanding of the rhetorical properties of parentheticals in order to enable a natural language generation system to produce parentheticals as part of a rhetorically well-formed output. We argue that there is a correlation between syntactic and rhetorical types of parentheticals and establish two main categories: ELABORATION/EXPANSION-type NP-modifier parentheticals and NON-ELABORATION/EXPANSION-type VP- or S-modifier parentheticals. We show several strategies for extracting these from the two corpora and discuss how the seemingly contradictory results obtained can be reconciled in light of the rhetorical and syntactic properties of parentheticals as well as the decisions taken in the annotation guidelines.

null

83,848

inproceedings

maamouri-etal-2008-enhancing

Enhancing the {A}rabic Treebank: a Collaborative Effort toward New Annotation Guidelines

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1460/

Maamouri, Mohamed and Bies, Ann and Kulick, Seth

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The Arabic Treebank team at the Linguistic Data Consortium has significantly revised and enhanced its annotation guidelines and procedure over the past year. Improvements were made to both the morphological and syntactic annotation guidelines, and annotators were trained in the new guidelines, focusing on areas of low inter-annotator agreement. The revised guidelines are now being applied in annotation production, and the combination of the revised guidelines and a period of intensive annotator training has raised inter-annotator agreement f-measure scores already and has also improved parsing results.

null

83,849

inproceedings

palmer-etal-2008-pilot

A Pilot {A}rabic {P}ropbank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1461/

Palmer, Martha and Babko-Malaya, Olga and Bies, Ann and Diab, Mona and Maamouri, Mohamed and Mansouri, Aous and Zaghouani, Wajdi

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper, we present the details of creating a pilot Arabic proposition bank (Propbank). Propbanks exist for both English and Chinese. However the morphological and syntactic expression of linguistic phenomena in Arabic yields a very different type of process in creating an Arabic propbank. Hence, we highlight those characteristics of Arabic that make creating a propbank for the language a different challenge compared to the creation of an English Propbank.We believe that many of the lessons learned in dealing with Arabic could generalise to other languages that exhibit equally rich morphology and relatively free word order.

null

83,850

inproceedings

greenwood-etal-2008-saxon

{S}axon: an Extensible Multimedia Annotator

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1462/

Greenwood, Mark and Iria, Jos{\'e} and Ciravegna, Fabio

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper introduces Saxon, a rule-based document annotator that is capable of processing and annotating several document formats and media, both within and across documents. Furthermore, Saxon is readily extensible to support other input formats due to both its flexible rule formalism and the modular plugin architecture of the Runes framework upon which it is built. In this paper we introduce the Saxon rule formalism through examples aimed at highlighting its power and flexibility.

null

83,851

inproceedings

kipp-2008-spatiotemporal

Spatiotemporal Coding in {ANVIL}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1463/

Kipp, Michael

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

We present a new coding mechanism, spatiotemporal coding, that allows coders to annotate points and regions in the video frame by drawing directly on the screen. Coders can not only attach labels to time intervals in the video but can specify a possibly moving region on the video screen. This opens up the spatial dimension for multi-track video coding and is an essential asset in almost every area of video coding, e.g. gesture coding, facial expression coding, encoding semantics for information retrieval etc. We discuss conceptual variants, design decisions and the relation to the MPEG-7 standard and tools.

null

83,852

inproceedings

savino-etal-2008-integrating

Integrating Audio and Visual Information for Modelling Communicative Behaviours Perceived as Different

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1464/

Savino, Michelina and Scivetti, Laura and Refice, Mario

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In human face-to-face interaction, participants can rely on a number of audio-visual information for interpreting interlocutors communicative intentions, such information strongly contributing to the successfulness of communication. Modelling these typical human abilities represents a main objective in human communication research, including technological applications like human-machine interaction. In this pilot study we explore the possibility of using audio-visual parameters for describing/measuring the differences perceived in interlocutors communicative behaviours. Preliminary results derived from the multimodal analysis of a single subject seem to indicate that measuring the distribution of some prosodic and hand gesture events which are temporally co-occurring contribute to the accounting of such perceived differences. Moreover, as far as gesture events are concerned, it has been observed that relevant information are not simply to be found in the occurences of single gestures, but mainly in some gesture modalities (for example, single stroke vs multiple stroke gestures, one-hand vs both-hands gestures, etc?). In this paper we also introduce and describe a software package, ViSuite, we developed for multimodal processing and used for the work described in his paper.

null

83,853

inproceedings

maeda-etal-2008-annotation

Annotation Tool Development for Large-Scale Corpus Creation Projects at the {L}inguistic {D}ata {C}onsortium

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1465/

Maeda, Kazuaki and Lee, Haejoong and Medero, Shawn and Medero, Julie and Parker, Robert and Strassel, Stephanie

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) creates a variety of linguistic resources - data, annotations, tools, standards and best practices - for many sponsored projects. The programming staff at LDC has created the tools and technical infrastructures to support the data creation efforts for these projects, creating tools and technical infrastructures for all aspects of data creation projects: data scouting, data collection, data selection, annotation, search, data tracking and worklow management. This paper introduces a number of samples of LDC programming staffs work, with particular focus on the recent additions and updates to the suite of software tools developed by LDC. Tools introduced include the GScout Web Data Scouting Tool, LDC Data Selection Toolkit, ACK - Annotation Collection Kit, XTrans Transcription and Speech Annotation Tool, GALE Distillation Toolkit, and the GALE MT Post Editing Workflow Management System.

null

83,854

inproceedings

trojanova-etal-2008-design

Design and Recording of {C}zech Audio-Visual Database with Impaired Conditions for Continuous Speech Recognition

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1466/

Trojanov{\'a}, Jana and Hr{\'u}z, Marek and Campr, Pavel and {\v{Z}}elezn{\'y}, Milo{\v{s}}

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper we discuss the design, acquisition and preprocessing of a Czech audio-visual speech corpus. The corpus is intended for training and testing of existing audio-visual speech recognition system. The name of the database is UWB-07-ICAVR, where ICAVR stands for Impaired Condition Audio Visual speech Recognition. The corpus consists of 10,000 utterances of continuous speech obtained from 50 speakers. The total length of the database is 25 hours. Each utterance is stored as a separate sentence. The corpus extends existing databases by covering condition of variable illumination. We acquired 50 speakers, where half of them were men and half of them were women. Recording was done by two cameras and two microphones. Database introduced in this paper can be used for testing of visual parameterization in audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR). Corpus can be easily split into training and testing part. Each speaker pronounced 200 sentences: first 50 were the same for all, the rest of them were different. Six types of illumination were covered. Session for one speaker can fit on one DVD disk. All files are accompanied by visual labels. Labels specify region of interest (mouth and area around them specified by bounding box). Actual pronunciation of each sentence is transcribed into the text file.

null

83,855

inproceedings

llorens-etal-2008-ujipenchars

The {UJI}penchars Database: a Pen-Based Database of Isolated Handwritten Characters

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1467/

Llorens, D. and Prat, F. and Marzal, A. and Vilar, J. M. and Castro, M. J. and Amengual, J. C. and Barrachina, S. and Castellanos, A. and Espa{\~n}a, S. and G{\'o}mez, J. A. and Gorbe, J. and Gordo, A. and Palaz{\'o}n, V. and Peris, G. and Ramos-Garijo, R. and Zamora, F.

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The availability of large amounts of data is a fundamental prerequisite for building handwriting recognition systems. Any system needs a test set of labelled samples for measuring its performance along its development and guiding it. Moreover, there are systems that need additional samples for learning the recognition task they have to cope with later, i.e. a training set. Thus, the acquisition and distribution of standard databases has become an important issue in the handwriting recognition research community. Examples of widely used databases in the online domain are UNIPEN, IRONOFF, and Pendigits. This paper describes the current state of our own database, UJIpenchars, whose first version contains online representations of 1,364 isolated handwritten characters produced by 11 writers and is freely available at the UCI Machine Learning Repository. Moreover, we have recently concluded a second acquisition phase, totalling more than 11,000 samples from 60 writers to be made available in short as UJIpenchars2.

null

83,856

inproceedings

chetelat-pele-braffort-2008-sign

Sign Language Corpus Annotation: toward a new Methodology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1468/

Ch{\'e}telat-Pel{\'e}, Emilie and Braffort, Annelies

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper deals with non manual gestures annotation involved in Sign Language within the context of automatic generation of Sign Language. We will tackle linguistic researches in sign language, present descriptions of non manual gestures and problems lead to movement description. Then, we will propose a new annotation methodology, which allows non manual gestures description. This methodology can describe all Non Manual Gestures with precision, economy and simplicity. It is based on four points: Movement description (instead of position description); Movement decomposition (the diagonal movement is described with horizontal movement and vertical movement separately); Element decomposition (we separate higher eyelid and lower eyelid); Use of a set of symbols rather than words. One symbol can describe many phenomena (with use of colours, height...). First analysis results allow us to define precisely the structure of eye blinking and give the very first ideas for the rules to be designed. All the results must be refined and confirmed by extending the study on the whole corpus. In a second step, our annotation will be used to produce analyses in order to define rules and structure definition of Non Manual Gestures that will be evaluate in LIMSIs automatic French Sign Language generation system.

null

83,857

inproceedings

dreuw-etal-2008-benchmark

Benchmark Databases for Video-Based Automatic Sign Language Recognition

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1469/

Dreuw, Philippe and Neidle, Carol and Athitsos, Vassilis and Sclaroff, Stan and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

A new, linguistically annotated, video database for automatic sign language recognition is presented. The new RWTH-BOSTON-400 corpus, which consists of 843 sentences, several speakers and separate subsets for training, development, and testing is described in detail. For evaluation and benchmarking of automatic sign language recognition, large corpora are needed. Recent research has focused mainly on isolated sign language recognition methods using video sequences that have been recorded under lab conditions using special hardware like data gloves. Such databases have often consisted generally of only one speaker and thus have been speaker-dependent, and have had only small vocabularies. A new database access interface, which was designed and created to provide fast access to the database statistics and content, makes it possible to easily browse and retrieve particular subsets of the video database. Preliminary baseline results on the new corpora are presented. In contradistinction to other research in this area, all databases presented in this paper will be publicly available.

null

83,858

inproceedings

bungeroth-etal-2008-atis

The {ATIS} Sign Language Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1470/

Bungeroth, Jan and Stein, Daniel and Dreuw, Philippe and Ney, Hermann and Morrissey, Sara and Way, Andy and van Zijl, Lynette

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Systems that automatically process sign language rely on appropriate data. We therefore present the ATIS sign language corpus that is based on the domain of air travel information. It is available for five languages, English, German, Irish sign language, German sign language and South African sign language. The corpus can be used for different tasks like automatic statistical translation and automatic sign language recognition and it allows the specific modeling of spatial references in signing space.

null

83,859

inproceedings

campr-etal-2008-collection

Collection and Preprocessing of {C}zech {S}ign {L}anguage Corpus for Sign Language Recognition

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1471/

Campr, Pavel and Hr{\'u}z, Marek and Trojanov{\'a}, Jana

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper discusses the design, recording and preprocessing of a Czech sign language corpus. The corpus is intended for training and testing of sign language recognition (SLR) systems. The UWB-07-SLR-P corpus contains video data of 4 signers recorded from 3 different perspectives. Two of the perspectives contain whole body and provide 3D motion data, the third one is focused on signers face and provide data for face expression and lip feature extraction. Each signer performed 378 signs with 5 repetitions. The corpus consists of several types of signs: numbers (35 signs), one and two-handed finger alphabet (64), town names (35) and other signs (244). Each sign is stored in a separate AVI file. In total the corpus consists of 21853 video files in total length of 11.1 hours. Additionally each sign is preprocessed and basic features such as 3D hand and head trajectories are available. The corpus is mainly focused on feature extraction and isolated SLR rather than continuous SLR experiments.

null

83,860

inproceedings

kitazawa-etal-2008-multimodal

A Multimodal Infant Behavior Annotation for Developmental Analysis of Demonstrative Expressions

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1472/

Kitazawa, Shigeyoshi and Kiriyama, Shinya and Kasami, Tomohiko and Ishikawa, Shogo and Otani, Naofumi and Horiuchi, Hiroaki and Takebayashi, Yoichi

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

We have obtained the valuable findings about the developmental processes of demonstrative expression skills, which is concerned with the fundamental commonsense of human knowledge, such as to get an object and to catch someones attention. We have already developed a framework to record genuine spontaneous speech of infants. We are constructing a multimodal infant behavior corpus, which enables us to elucidate human commonsense knowledge and its acquisition mechanism. Based on the observation of the corpus, we proposed a multimodal behavior description for observation of demonstrative expressions. We proved that the proposed model has the nearly 90{\%} coverage in an open test of the behavior description task. The analysis using the model produced many valuable findings from multimodal viewpoints; for example, the change of line of sight from object to person to person to object means that the infant has obtained a better way to catch someones attention. Our intention-based analysis provided us with an infant behavior model that may apply to a likely behavior simulation system.

null

83,861

inproceedings

arimoto-etal-2008-automatic

Automatic Emotional Degree Labeling for Speakers' Anger Utterance during Natural {J}apanese Dialog

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1473/

Arimoto, Yoshiko and Ohno, Sumio and Iida, Hitoshi

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper describes a method of automatic emotional degree labeling for speakers anger utterances during natural Japanese dialog. First, we explain how to record anger utterance naturally appeared in natural Japanese dialog. Manual emotional degree labeling was conducted in advance to grade the utterances by a 6 Likert scale to obtain a correct anger degree. Then experiments of automatic anger degree estimation were conducted to label an anger degree with each utterance by its acoustic features. Also estimation experiments were conducted with speaker-dependent datasets to find out any influence of individual emotional expression on automatic emotional degree labeling. As a result, almost all the speakers models show higher adjusted R square so that those models are superior to the speaker-independent model in those estimation capabilities. However, a residual between automatic emotional degree and manual emotional degree (0.73) is equivalent to those of speakers models. There still has a possibility to label utterances with the speaker-independent model.

null

83,862

inproceedings

kostoulas-etal-2008-real

A Real-World Emotional Speech Corpus for {M}odern {G}reek

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1474/

Kostoulas, Theodoros and Ganchev, Todor and Mporas, Iosif and Fakotakis, Nikos

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The present paper deals with the design and the annotation of a Greek real-world emotional speech corpus. The speech data consist of recordings collected during the interaction of na{\"ive users with a smart-home dialogue system. Annotation of the speech data with respect to the uttered command and emotional state was performed. Initial experimentations towards recognizing negative emotional states were performed and the experimental results indicate the range of difficulties when dealing with real-world data.

null

83,863

inproceedings

wilson-2008-annotating

Annotating Subjective Content in Meetings

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1475/

Wilson, Theresa

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper presents an annotation scheme for marking subjective content in meetings, specifically the opinions and sentiments that participants express as part of their discussion. The scheme adapts concepts from the Multi-perspective Question Answering (MPQA) Annotation Scheme, an annotation scheme for marking opinions and attributions in the news. The adaptations reflect the differences in multiparty conversation as compared to text, as well as the overall goals of our project.

null

83,864

inproceedings

van-den-heuvel-etal-2008-autonomata

The {AUTONOMATA} Spoken Names Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1476/

van den Heuvel, Henk and Martens, Jean-Pierre and D{'}hoore, Bart and D{'}hanens, Kristof and Konings, Nanneke

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In the Autonomata project we have collected a corpus of spoken name utterances with manually corrected phonemic transcriptions of these utterances. The corpus was designed with the intention to become a major resource for the development of automatic speech recognition engines that can achieve a high accuracy on the recognition of person and geographical names spoken in Dutch. The recorded names were selected so as to reveal the major pronunciation variations that a speech recognizer of e.g. a navigation system with speech input is going to be confronted with. This includes native speakers speaking foreign names and vice versa.

null

83,865

inproceedings

williams-jones-2008-acquiring

Acquiring Pronunciation Data for a Placenames Lexicon in a Less-Resourced Language

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1477/

Williams, Briony and Jones, Rhys James

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

A new procedure is described for generating pronunciations for a dictionary of place-names in a less-resourced language (Welsh, spoken in Wales, UK). The method is suitable for use in a situation where there is a lack of skilled phoneticians with expertise in the language, but where there are native speakers available, as well as a text-to-speech synthesiser for the language. The lack of skilled phoneticians will make it impossible to carry out direct editing of pronunciations, and so a method has been devised that makes it possible for non-phonetician native speakers to edit pronunciations without knowledge of the phonology of the language. The key advance in this method is the use of re-spelling to indicate pronunciation in a linguistically-na{\"ive fashion on the part of the non-specialist native speaker. The re-spelled forms of placenames are used to drive a set of specially-adapted letter-to-sound rules, which generate the pronunciations desired. The speech synthesiser is used to provide audio feedback to the native speaker editor for purposes of verification. A graphical user interface acts as the link between the database, the speech synthesiser and the native speaker editor. This method has been used successfully to generate pronunciations for placenames in Wales.

null

83,866

inproceedings

kaji-mochizuki-2008-constructing

Constructing a Database of Non-{J}apanese Pronunciations of Different {J}apanese Romanizations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1478/

Kaji, Reiko and Mochizuki, Hajime

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper, we investigated how foreign language speakers pronounce Japanese words transliterated using two major Romanization systems, Hepburn and Kunrei. First, we recorded foreign language speakers pronouncing Romanized Japanese words. Next, Japanese speakers listened to the recordings and wrote down the words in Japanese Kana. Sets of each Romanized Japanese word, its correct Kana expression, its recorded reading, and the Kana dictated from the recording were stored in our database. We also investigated which of the two Romanization systems was pronounced more correctly by foreign language speakers by comparing the correctness of their respective readings. We also investigated which systems pronunciation by foreign language speakers was judged as more acceptable by Japanese speakers.

null

83,867

inproceedings

laurent-etal-2008-combined

Combined Systems for Automatic Phonetic Transcription of Proper Nouns

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1479/

Laurent, Antoine and Merlin, T{\'e}va and Meignier, Sylvain and Est{\`e}ve, Yannick and Del{\'e}glise, Paul

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Large vocabulary automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies perform well in known, controlled contexts. However recognition of proper nouns is commonly considered as a difficult task. Accurate phonetic transcription of a proper noun is difficult to obtain, although it can be one of the most important resources for a recognition system. In this article, we propose methods of automatic phonetic transcription applied to proper nouns. The methods are based on combinations of the rule-based phonetic transcription generator LIA{\_}PHON and an acoustic-phonetic decoding system. On the ESTER corpus, we observed that the combined systems obtain better results than our reference system (LIA{\_}PHON). The WER (Word Error Rate) decreased on segments of speech containing proper nouns, without affecting negatively the results on the rest of the corpus. On the same corpus, the Proper Noun Error Rate (PNER, which is a WER computed on proper nouns only), decreased with our new system.

null

83,868

inproceedings

hoge-etal-2008-evaluation

Evaluation of Modules and Tools for Speech Synthesis: the {ECESS} Framework

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1480/

H{\"oge, Harald and Kacic, Zdravko and Kotnik, Bojan and Rojc, Matej and Moreau, Nicolas and Hain, Horst-Udo

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The consortium ECESS (European Center of Excellence for Speech Synthesis) has set up a framework for evaluation of software modules and tools relevant for speech synthesis. Till now two lines of evaluation campaigns have been established: (1) Evaluation of the ECESS TTS modules (text processing, prosody, acoustic synthesis). (2) Evaluation of ECESS tools (pitch extraction, voice activity detection, phonetic segmentation). The functionality and interfaces of the ECESS TTS have been developed by a joint effort between ECESS and the EC-funded project TC-STAR . First evaluation campaigns were conducted within TC-STAR using the ECESS framework. As TC-STAR finished in March 2007, ECESS continued and extended the evaluation of ECESS TTS modules and tools by its own. Within the paper we describe a novel framework which allows performing remote evaluation for modules via the web. First experimental results are reported. Further the result of several evaluation campaigns for tools handling pitch extraction and voice activity detection are presented.

null

83,869

inproceedings

gibbon-bachan-2008-automatic

An Automatic Close Copy Speech Synthesis Tool for Large-Scale Speech Corpus Evaluation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1481/

Gibbon, Dafydd and Bachan, Jolanta

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The production of rich multilingual speech corpus resources on a large scale is a requirement for many linguistic, phonetic and technological tasks, in both research and application domains. It is also time-consuming and therefore expensive. The human component in the resource creation process is also prone to inconsistencies, a situation frequently documented in cross-transcriber consistency studies. In the present case, corpora of three languages were to be evaluated and corrected: (1) Polish, a large automatically annotated and manually corrected single-speaker TTS unit-selection corpus in the BOSS Label File (BLF) format, (2) German and (3) English, the second and third being manually annotated multi-speaker story-telling learner corpora in Praat TextGrid format. A method is provided for supporting the evaluation and correction of time-aligned annotations for the three corpora by permitting a rapid audio screening of the annotations by an expert listener for the detection of perceptually conspicuous systematic or isolated errors in the annotations. The criterion for perceptual conspicuousness was provided by converting the annotation formats into the interface format required by the MBROLA speech synthesiser. The audio screening procedure is complementary to other methods of corpus evaluation and does not replace them.

null

83,870

inproceedings

scherer-strauss-2008-flexible

A Flexible {W}izard of {O}z Environment for Rapid Prototyping

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1482/

Scherer, Stefan and Strau{\ss}, Petra-Maria

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper presents a freely-available, and flexible Wizard of Oz environment for rapid prototyping. The system is designed to investigate the required features of a dialog system using the commonly used Wizard of Oz approach. The idea is that the time consuming design of such a tool can be avoided by using the provided architecture. The developers can easily adapt the database and extend the tool to the individual needs of the targeted dialog system. The tool is designed as a client-server architecture and provides efficient input features and versatile output types including voice, or an avatar as visual output. Furthermore, a scenario, namely restaurant selection, is introduced in order to give an example application for a dialog system.

null

83,871

inproceedings

matousek-etal-2008-building

Building of a Speech Corpus Optimised for Unit Selection {TTS} Synthesis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1483/

Matou{\v{s}}ek, Jind{\v{r}}ich and Tihelka, Daniel and Romportl, Jan

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The paper deals with the process of designing a phonetically and prosodically rich speech corpus for unit selection speech synthesis. The attention is given mainly to the recording and verification stage of the process. In order to ensure as high quality and consistency of the recordings as possible, a special recording environment consisting of a recording session management and pluggable chain of checking modules was designed and utilised. Other stages, namely text collection (including) both phonetically and prosodically balanced sentence selection and a careful annotation on both orthographic and phonetic level are also mentioned.

null

83,872

inproceedings

oliveira-etal-2008-methodologies

Methodologies for Designing and Recording Speech Databases for Corpus Based Synthesis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1484/

Oliveira, Lu{\'i}s and Paulo, S{\'e}rgio and Figueira, Lu{\'i}s and Mendes, Carlos and Nunes, Ana and Godinho, Joaquim

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper we share our experience and describe the methodologies that we have used in designing and recording large speech databases for applications requiring speech synthesis. Given the growing demand for customized and domain specific voices for use in corpus based synthesis systems, we believe that good practices should be established for the creation of these databases which are a key factor in the quality of the resulting speech synthesizer. We will focus on the designing of the recording prompts, on the speaker selection procedure, on the recording setup and on the quality control of the resulting database. One of the major challenges was to assure the uniformity of the recordings during the 20 two-hour recording sessions that each speaker had to perform, to produce a total of 13 hours of recorded speech for each of the four speakers. This work was conducted in the scope of the Tecnovoz project that brought together 4 speech research centers and 9 companies with the goal of integrating speech technologies in a wide range of applications.

null

83,873

inproceedings

patry-langlais-2008-mistral

{MISTRAL}: a Statistical Machine Translation Decoder for Speech Recognition Lattices

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1485/

Patry, Alexandre and Langlais, Philippe

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper presents MISTRAL, an open source statistical machine translation decoder dedicated to spoken language translation. While typical machine translation systems take a written text as input, MISTRAL translates word lattices produced by automatic speech recognition systems. The lattices are translated in two passes using a phrase-based model. Our experiments reveal an improvement in BLEU when translating lattices instead of sentences returned by a speech recognition system.

null

83,874

inproceedings

ziegenhain-etal-2008-lc

{LC}-{STAR} {II}: Starring more Lexica

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1486/

Ziegenhain, Ute and Fersoe, Hanne and van den Heuvel, Henk and Moreno, Asuncion

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

LC-STAR II is a follow-up project of the EU funded project LC-STAR (Lexica and Corpora for Speech-to-Speech Translation Components, IST-2001-32216). LC-STAR II develops large lexica containing information for speech processing in ten languages targeting especially automatic speech recognition and text to speech synthesis but also other applications like speech-to-speech translation and tagging. The project follows by large the specifications developed within the scope of LC-STAR covering thirteen languages: Catalan, Finnish, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Mandarin Chinese, Russian, Turkish, Slovenian, Spanish, Standard Arabic and US-English. The ten new LC-STAR II languages are: Brazilian-Portuguese, Cantonese, Czech, English-UK, French, Hindi, Polish, Portuguese, Slovak, and Urdu. The project started in 2006 with a lifetime of two years. The project is funded by a consortium, which includes Microsoft (USA), Nokia (Finland), NSC (Israel), Siemens (Germany) and Harmann/Becker (Germany). The project is coordinated by UPC (Spain) and validation is performed by SPEX (The Netherlands), and CST (Denmark). The developed language resources will be shared among partners. This paper presents a summary of the creation of word lists and lexica and an overview of adaptations of the specifications and conceptual representation model from LC-STAR to the new languages. The validation procedure will be presented too.

null

83,875

inproceedings

eck-etal-2008-communicating

Communicating Unknown Words in Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1487/

Eck, Matthias and Vogel, Stephan and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

A new approach to handle unknown words in machine translation is presented. The basic idea is to find definitions for the unknown words on the source language side and translate those definitions instead. Only monolingual resources are required, which generally offer a broader coverage than bilingual resources and are available for a large number of languages. In order to use this in a machine translation system definitions are extracted automatically from online dictionaries and encyclopedias. The translated definition is then inserted and clearly marked in the original hypothesis. This is shown to lead to significant improvements in (subjective) translation quality.

null

83,876

inproceedings

bouillon-etal-2008-developing

Developing Non-{E}uropean Translation Pairs in a Medium-Vocabulary Medical Speech Translation System

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1488/

Bouillon, Pierrette and Halimi, Sonia and Nakao, Yukie and Kanzaki, Kyoko and Isahara, Hitoshi and Tsourakis, Nikos and Starlander, Marianne and Hockey, Beth Ann and Rayner, Manny

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

We describe recent work on MedSLT, a medium-vocabulary interlingua-based medical speech translation system, focussing on issues that arise when handling languages of which the grammar engineer has little or no knowledge. We show how we can systematically create and maintain multiple forms of grammars, lexica and interlingual representations, with some versions being used by language informants, and some by grammar engineers. In particular, we describe the advantages of structuring the interlingua definition as a simple semantic grammar, which includes a human-readable surface form. We show how this allows us to rationalise the process of evaluating translations between languages lacking common speakers, and also makes it possible to create a simple generic tool for debugging to-interlingua translation rules. Examples presented focus on the concrete case of translation between Japanese and Arabic in both directions.

null

83,877

inproceedings

perera-etal-2008-clios

{CLI}o{S}: Cross-lingual Induction of Speech Recognition Grammars

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1489/

Perera, Nadine and Pitz, Michael and Pinkal, Manfred

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

We present an approach for the cross-lingual induction of speech recognition grammars that separates the task of translation from the task of grammar generation. The source speech recognition grammar is used to generate phrases, which are translated by a common translation service. The target recognition grammar is induced by using the production rules of the source language, manually translated sentences and a statistical word alignment tool. We induce grammars for the target languages Spanish and Japanese. The coverage of the resulting grammars is evaluated on two corpora and compared quantitatively and qualitatively to a grammar induced with unsupervised monolingual grammar induction.

null

83,878

inproceedings

ono-etal-2008-construction

Construction and Analysis of Word-level Time-aligned Simultaneous Interpretation Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1490/

Ono, Takahiro and Tohyama, Hitomi and Matsubara, Shigeki

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper, quantitative analyses of the delay in Japanese-to-English (J-E) and English-to-Japanese (E-J) interpretations are described. The Simultaneous Interpretation Database of Nagoya University (SIDB) was used for the analyses. Beginning time and end time of each word were provided to the corpus using HMM-based phoneme segmentation, and the time lag between the corresponding words was calculated as the word-level delay. Word-level delay was calculated for 3,722 pairs and 4,932 pairs of words for J-E and E-J interpretations, respectively. The analyses revealed that J-E interpretation has much larger delay than E-J interpretation and that the difference of word order between Japanese and English affect the degree of delay.

null

83,879

inproceedings

meurs-etal-2008-semantic

Semantic Frame Annotation on the {F}rench {MEDIA} corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1491/

Meurs, Marie-Jean and Duvert, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and B{\'e}chet, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Lef{\`e}vre, Fabrice and de Mori, Renato

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper introduces a knowledge representation formalism used for annotation of the French MEDIA dialogue corpus in terms of high level semantic structures. The semantic annotation, worked out according to the Berkeley FrameNet paradigm, is incremental and partially automated. We describe an automatic interpretation process for composing semantic structures from basic semantic constituents using patterns involving words and constituents. This process contains procedures which provide semantic compositions and generating frame hypotheses by inference. The MEDIA corpus is a French dialogue corpus recorded using a Wizard of Oz system simulating a telephone server for tourist information and hotel booking. It had been manually transcribed and annotated at the word and semantic constituent levels. These levels support the automatic interpretation process which provides a high level semantic frame annotation. The Frame based Knowledge Source we composed contains Frame definitions and composition rules. We finally provide some results obtained on the automatically-derived annotation.

null

83,880

inproceedings

webb-etal-2008-cross

Cross-Domain Dialogue Act Tagging

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1492/

Webb, Nick and Liu, Ting and Hepple, Mark and Wilks, Yorick

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

We present recent work in the area of Cross-Domain Dialogue Act (DA) tagging. We have previously reported on the use of a simple dialogue act classifier based on purely intra-utterance features - principally involving word n-gram cue phrases automatically generated from a training corpus. Such a classifier performs surprisingly well, rivalling scores obtained using far more sophisticated language modelling techniques. In this paper, we apply these automatically extracted cues to a new annotated corpus, to determine the portability and generality of the cues we learn.

null

83,881

inproceedings

tsourakis-etal-2008-building

Building Mobile Spoken Dialogue Applications Using Regulus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1493/

Tsourakis, Nikos and Georgescul, Maria and Bouillon, Pierrette and Rayner, Manny

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Regulus is an Open Source platform that supports construction of rule-based medium-vocabulary spoken dialogue applications. It has already been used to build several substantial speech-enabled applications, including NASAs Clarissa procedure navigator and Geneva Universitys MedSLT medical speech translator. System like these would be far more useful if they were available on a hand-held device, rather than, as with the present version, on a laptop. In this paper we describe the Open Source framework we have developed, which makes it possible to run Regulus applications on generally available mobile devices, using a distributed client-server architecture that offers transparent and reliable integration with different types of ASR systems. We describe the architecture, an implemented calendar application prototype hosted on a mobile device, and an evaluation. The evaluation shows that performance on the mobile device is as good as performance on a normal desktop PC.

null

83,882

inproceedings

raymond-etal-2008-active

Active Annotation in the {LUNA} {I}talian Corpus of Spontaneous Dialogues

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1494/

Raymond, Christian and Rodriguez, Kepa Joseba and Riccardi, Giuseppe

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper we present an active approach to annotate with lexical and semantic labels an Italian corpus of conversational human-human and Wizard-of-Oz dialogues. This procedure consists in the use of a machine learner to assist human annotators in the labeling task. The computer assisted process engages human annotators to check and correct the automatic annotation rather than starting the annotation from un-annotated data. The active learning procedure is combined with an annotation error detection to control the reliablity of the annotation. With the goal of converging as fast as possible to reliable automatic annotations minimizing the human effort, we follow the active learning paradigm, which selects for annotation the most informative training examples required to achieve a better level of performance. We show that this procedure allows to quickly converge on correct annotations and thus minimize the cost of human supervision.

null

83,883

inproceedings

hahn-etal-2008-comparison

A Comparison of Various Methods for Concept Tagging for Spoken Language Understanding

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1495/

Hahn, Stefan and Lehnen, Patrick and Raymond, Christian and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The extraction of flat concepts out of a given word sequence is usually one of the first steps in building a spoken language understanding (SLU) or dialogue system. This paper explores five different modelling approaches for this task and presents results on a French state-of-the-art corpus, MEDIA. Additionally, two log-linear modelling approaches could be further improved by adding morphologic knowledge. This paper goes beyond what has been reported in the literature. We applied the models on the same training and testing data and used the NIST scoring toolkit to evaluate the experimental results to ensure identical conditions for each of the experiments and the comparability of the results. Using a model based on conditional random fields, we achieve a concept error rate of 11.8{\%} on the MEDIA evaluation corpus.

null

83,884

inproceedings

huet-etal-2008-morphosyntactic

Morphosyntactic Resources for Automatic Speech Recognition

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1496/

Huet, St{\'e}phane and Gravier, Guillaume and S{\'e}billot, Pascale

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Texts generated by automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have some specificities, related to the idiosyncrasies of oral productions or the principles of ASR systems, that make them more difficult to exploit than more conventional natural language written texts. This paper aims at studying the interest of morphosyntactic information as a useful resource for ASR. We show the ability of automatic methods to tag outputs of ASR systems, by obtaining a tag accuracy similar for automatic transcriptions to the 95-98 {\%} usually reported for written texts, such as newspapers. We also demonstrate experimentally that tagging is useful to improve the quality of transcriptions by using morphosyntactic information in a post-processing stage of speech decoding. Indeed, we obtain a significant decrease of the word error rate with experiments done on French broadcast news from the ESTER corpus; we also notice an improvement of the sentence error rate and observe that a significant number of agreement errors are corrected.

null

83,885

inproceedings

morales-etal-2008-stc

{STC}-{TIMIT}: Generation of a Single-channel Telephone Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1497/

Morales, Nicol{\'a}s and Tejedor, Javier and Garrido, Javier and Col{\'a}s, Jos{\'e} and Toledano, Doroteo T.

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper describes a new speech corpus, STC-TIMIT, and discusses the process of design, development and its distribution through LDC. The STC-TIMIT corpus is derived from the widely used TIMIT corpus by sending it through a real and single telephone channel. TIMIT is phonetically balanced, covers the dialectal diversity in continental USA and has been extensively used as a benchmark for speech recognition algorithms, especially in early stages of development. The experimental usability of TIMIT has been increased eventually with the creation of derived corpora, passing the original data through different channels. One such example is the well-known NTIMIT corpus, where the original files in TIMIT are re-recorded after being sent through different telephone calls, resulting in a corpus that characterizes telephone channels in a wide sense. In STC-TIMIT, we followed a similar procedure, but the whole corpus was transmitted in a single telephone call with the goal of obtaining data from a real and yet highly stable telephone channel across the whole corpus. Files in STC-TIMIT are aligned to those of TIMIT with a theoretical precision of 0.125 ms, making TIMIT labels valid for the new corpus. The experimental section presents several results on speech recognition accuracy.

null

83,886

inproceedings

sanders-etal-2008-lila

{LILA}: Cellular Telephone Speech Databases from {A}sia

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1498/

Sanders, Eric and Moreno, Asuncion and Tropf, Herbert and Melnar, Lynette and Dekel, Nurit and Gillies, Breanna and Paulsson, Niklas

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The goal of the LILA project was the collection of speech databases over cellular telephone networks of five languages in three Asian countries. Three languages were recorded in India: Hindi by first language speakers, Hindi by second language speakers and Indian English. Furthermore, Mandarin was recorded in China and Korean in South-Korea. The databases are part of the SpeechDat-family and follow the SpeechDat rules in many respects. All databases have been finished and have passed the validation tests. Both Hindi databases and the Korean database will be available to the public for sale.

null

83,887

inproceedings

demenko-etal-2008-jurisdic

{JURISDIC}: {P}olish Speech Database for Taking Dictation of Legal Texts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1499/

Demenko, Grazyna and Grocholewski, Stefan and Klessa, Katarzyna and Og{\'o}rkiewicz, Jerzy and Wagner, Agnieszka and Lange, Marek and {\'S}ledzi{\'n}ski, Daniel and Cylwik, Natalia

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The paper provides an overview of the Polish Speech Database for taking dictation of legal texts, created for the purpose of LVCSR system for Polish. It presents background information about the design of the database and the requirements coming from its future uses. The applied method of the text corpora construction is presented as well as the database structure and recording scenarios. The most important details on the recording conditions and equipment are specified, followed by the description of the assessment methodology of recording quality, and the annotation specification and evaluation. Additionally, the paper contains current statistics from the database and the information about both the ongoing and planned stages of the database development process.

null

83,888

inproceedings

dekens-etal-2008-multi

A Multi-sensor Speech Database with Applications towards Robust Speech Processing in hostile Environments

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1500/

Dekens, Tomas and Patsis, Yorgos and Verhelst, Werner and Beaugendre, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Capman, Fran{\c{c}}ois

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper, we present a database with speech in different types of background noises. The speech and noise were recorded with a set of different microphones and including some sensors that pick up the speech vibrations by making contact with the skull, the throat and the ear canal, respectively. As these sensors should be less sensitive to noise sources, our database can be especially useful for investigating the properties of these special microphones and comparing them to those of conventional microphones for applications requiring noise robust speech capturing and processing. In this paper we describe some experiments that were carried out using this database in the field of Voice Activity Detection (VAD). It is shown that the signals of a special microphone such as the throat microphone exhibit a high signal to noise ratio and that this property can be exploited to significantly improve the accuracy of a VAD algorithm.

null

83,889

inproceedings

trancoso-etal-2008-lectra

The {LECTRA} Corpus - Classroom Lecture Transcriptions in {E}uropean {P}ortuguese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1501/

Trancoso, Isabel and Martins, Rui and Moniz, Helena and Mata, Ana Isabel and Viana, M. C{\'e}u

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper describes the corpus of university lectures that has been recorded in European Portuguese, and some of the recognition experiments we have done with it. The highly specific topic domain and the spontaneous speech nature of the lectures are two of the most challenging problems. Lexical and language model adaptation proved difficult given the scarcity of domain material in Portuguese, but improvements can be achieved with unsupervised acoustic model adaptation. From the point of view of the study of spontaneous speech characteristics, namely disflluencies, the LECTRA corpus has also proved a very valuable resource.

null

83,890

inproceedings

schiel-etal-2008-alc

{ALC}: Alcohol Language Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1502/

Schiel, Florian and Heinrich, Christian and Barf{\"u{\sser, Sabine and Gilg, Thomas

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

A number of forensic studies published during the last 50 years report that intoxication with alcohol influences speech in a way that is made manifest in certain features of the speech signal. However, most of these studies are based on data that are not publicly available nor of statistically sufficient size. Furthermore, in spite of the positive reports nobody ever successfully implemented a method to detect alcoholic intoxication from the speech signal. The Alcohol Language Corpus (ALC) aims to answer these open questions by providing a publicly available large and statistically sound corpus of intoxicated and sober speech. This paper gives a detailed description of the corpus features and methodology. Also, we will present some preliminary results on a series of verifications about reported potential features that are claimed to reliably indicate alcoholic intoxication.

null

83,891

inproceedings

fernandez-etal-2008-design

Design of a Multimodal Database for Research on Automatic Detection of Severe Apnoea Cases

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1503/

Fern{\'a}ndez, Rub{\'e}n and Hern{\'a}ndez, Luis A. and L{\'o}pez, Eduardo and Alc{\'a}zar, Jos{\'e} and Portillo, Guillermo and Toledano, Doroteo T.

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The aim of this paper is to present the design of a multimodal database suitable for research on new possibilities for automatic diagnosis of patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Early detection of severe apnoea cases can be very useful to give priority to their early treatment optimizing the expensive and time-consuming tests of current diagnosis methods based on full overnight sleep in a hospital. This work is part of an on-going collaborative project between medical and signal processing groups towards the design of a multimodal database as an innovative resource to promote new research efforts on automatic OSA diagnosis through speech and image processing technologies. In this contribution we present the multimodal design criteria derived from the analysis of specific voice properties related to OSA physiological effects as well as from the morphological facial characteristics in apnoea patients. Details on the database structure and data collection methodology are also given as it is intended to be an open resource to promote further research in this field. Finally, preliminary experimental results on automatic OSA voice assessment are presented for the collected speech data in our OSA multimodal database. Standard GMM speaker recognition techniques obtain an overall correct classification rate of 82{\%}. This represents an initial promising result underlining the interest of this research framework and opening further perspectives for improvement using more specific speech and image recognition technologies.

null

83,892

inproceedings

akiba-etal-2008-test

Test Collections for Spoken Document Retrieval from Lecture Audio Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1504/

Akiba, Tomoyosi and Aikawa, Kiyoaki and Itoh, Yoshiaki and Kawahara, Tatsuya and Nanjo, Hiroaki and Nishizaki, Hiromitsu and Yasuda, Norihito and Yamashita, Yoichi and Itou, Katunobu

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The Spoken Document Processing Working Group, which is part of the special interest group of spoken language processing of the Information Processing Society of Japan, is developing a test collection for evaluation of spoken document retrieval systems. A prototype of the test collection consists of a set of textual queries, relevant segment lists, and transcriptions by an automatic speech recognition system, allowing retrieval from the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ). From about 100 initial queries, application of the criteria that a query should have more than five relevant segments that consist of about one minute speech segments yielded 39 queries. Targeting the test collection, an ad hoc retrieval experiment was also conducted to assess the baseline retrieval performance by applying a standard method for spoken document retrieval.

null

83,893

inproceedings

ozaki-etal-2008-car

In-car Speech Data Collection along with Various Multimodal Signals

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1505/

Ozaki, Akira and Hara, Sunao and Kusakawa, Takashi and Miyajima, Chiyomi and Nishino, Takanori and Kitaoka, Norihide and Itou, Katunobu and Takeda, Kazuya

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper, a large-scale real-world speech database is introduced along with other multimedia driving data. We designed a data collection vehicle equipped with various sensors to synchronously record twelve-channel speech, three-channel video, driving behavior including gas and brake pedal pressures, steering angles, and vehicle velocities, physiological signals including driver heart rate, skin conductance, and emotion-based sweating on the palms and soles, etc. These multimodal data are collected while driving on city streets and expressways under four different driving task conditions including two kinds of monologues, human-human dialog, and human-machine dialog. We investigated the response timing of drivers against navigator utterances and found that most overlapped with the preceding utterance due to the task characteristics and the features of Japanese. When comparing utterance length, speaking rate, and the filler rate of driver utterances in human-human and human-machine dialogs, we found that drivers tended to use longer and faster utterances with more fillers to talk with humans than machines.

null

83,894

inproceedings

tsuchiya-etal-2008-developing

Developing Corpus of {J}apanese Classroom Lecture Speech Contents

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1506/

Tsuchiya, Masatoshi and Kogure, Satoru and Nishizaki, Hiromitsu and Ohta, Kengo and Nakagawa, Seiichi

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper explains our developing Corpus of Japanese classroom Lecture speech Contents (henceforth, denoted as CJLC). Increasing e-Learning contents demand a sophisticated interactive browsing system for themselves, however, existing tools do not satisfy such a requirement. Many researches including large vocabulary continuous speech recognition and extraction of important sentences against lecture contents are necessary in order to realize the above system. CJLC is designed as their fundamental basis, and consists of speech, transcriptions, and slides that were collected in real university classroom lectures. This paper also explains the difference about disfluency acts between classroom lectures and academic presentations.

null

83,895

inproceedings

hofbauer-etal-2008-atcosim

The {ATCOSIM} Corpus of Non-Prompted Clean Air Traffic Control Speech

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1507/

Hofbauer, Konrad and Petrik, Stefan and Hering, Horst

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Air traffic control (ATC) is based on voice communication between pilots and controllers and uses a highly task and domain specific language. Due to this very reason, spoken language technologies for ATC require domain-specific corpora, of which only few exist to this day. The ATCOSIM Air Traffic Control Simulation Speech corpus is a speech database of non-prompted and clean ATC operator speech. It consists of ten hours of speech data, which were recorded in typical ATC control room conditions during ATC real-time simulations. The database includes orthographic transcriptions and additional information on speakers and recording sessions. The ATCOSIM corpus is publicly available and provided online free of charge. In this paper, we first give an overview of ATC related corpora and their shortcomings. We then show the difficulties in obtaining operational ATC speech recordings and propose the use of existing ATC real-time simulations. We describe the recording, transcription, production and validation process of the ATCOSIM corpus, and outline an application example for automatic speech recognition in the ATC domain.

null

83,896

inproceedings

winkler-etal-2008-moveon

The {M}ove{O}n Motorcycle Speech Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1508/

Winkler, Thomas and Kostoulas, Theodoros and Adderley, Richard and Bonkowski, Christian and Ganchev, Todor and K{\"ohler, Joachim and Fakotakis, Nikos

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

A speech and noise corpus dealing with the extreme conditions of the motorcycle environment is developed within the MoveOn project. Speech utterances in British English are recorded and processed approaching the issue of command and control and template driven dialog systems on the motorcycle. The major part of the corpus comprises noisy speech and environmental noise recorded on a motorcycle, but several clean speech recordings in a silent environment are also available. The corpus development focuses on distortion free recordings and accurate descriptions of both recorded speech and noise. Not only speech segments are annotated but also annotation of environmental noise is performed. The corpus is a small-sized speech corpus with about 12 hours of clean and noisy speech utterances and about 30 hours of segments with environmental noise without speech. This paper addresses the motivation and development of the speech corpus and finally presents some statistics and results of the database creation.

null

83,897

inproceedings

ntalampiras-etal-2008-audio

Audio Database in Support of Potentiel Threat and Crisis Situation Management

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1509/

Ntalampiras, Stavros and Potamitis, Ilyas and Ganchev, Todor and Fakotakis, Nikos

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper describes a corpus consisting of audio data for automatic space monitoring based solely on the perceived acoustic information. The particular database is created as part of a project aiming at the detection of abnormal events, which lead to life-threatening situations or property damage. The audio corpus is composed of vocal reactions and environmental sounds that are usually encountered in atypical situations. The audio data is composed of three parts: Phase I - professional sound effects collections, Phase II recordings obtained from action and drama movies and Phase III - vocal reactions related to real-world emergency events as retrieved from television, radio broadcast news, documentaries etc. The annotation methodology is given in details along with preliminary classification results and statistical analysis of the dataset regarding Phase I. The main objective of such a dataset is to provide training data for automatic recognition machines that detect hazardous situations and to provide security enhancement in public environments, which otherwise require human supervision.

null

83,898

inproceedings

garnier-rizet-etal-2008-callsurf

{C}all{S}urf: Automatic Transcription, Indexing and Structuration of Call Center Conversational Speech for Knowledge Extraction and Query by Content

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1510/

Garnier-Rizet, Martine and Adda, Gilles and Cailliau, Frederik and Guillemin-Lanne, Sylvie and Waast-Richard, Claire and Lamel, Lori and Vanni, Stephan and Waast-Richard, Claire

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Being the clients first interface, call centres worldwide contain a huge amount of information of all kind under the form of conversational speech. If accessible, this information can be used to detect eg. major events and organizational flaws, improve customer relations and marketing strategies. An efficient way to exploit the unstructured data of telephone calls is data-mining, but current techniques apply on text only. The CallSurf project gathers a number of academic and industrial partners covering the complete platform, from automatic transcription to information retrieval and data mining. This paper concentrates on the speech recognition module as it discusses the collection, the manual transcription of the training corpus and the techniques used to build the language model. The NLP techniques used to pre-process the transcribed corpus for data mining are POS tagging, lemmatization, noun group and named entity recognition. Some of them have been especially adapted to the conversational speech characteristics. POS tagging and preliminary data mining results obtained on the manually transcribed corpus are briefly discussed.

null

83,899

inproceedings

mostefa-vallee-2008-new

New Telephone Speech Databases for {F}rench: a Children Database and an optimized Adult Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1511/

Mostefa, Djamel and Vallee, Arnaud

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper presents the results of the NEOLOGOS project: a children database and an optimized adult database for the French language. A new approach was adopted for the collection of the adult database in order to enable the development of new algorithms in the field of speech processing (study of speaker characteristics, speakers similarity, speaker selection algorithms, etc.) The objective here was to define and to carry out a new methodology for collecting significant quantities of speaker dependent data, for a significant number of speakers, as was done for several databases oriented towards speaker verification, but with the additional constraint of maximising the coverage of the space of all speakers. The children database is made of 1,000 sessions recorded by children between 7 and 16 years old. Both speech databases are SpeehDat-compliant meaning that they can be easily used for research and development in the field of speech technology.

null

83,900

inproceedings

marasek-gubrynowicz-2008-design

Design and Data Collection for Spoken {P}olish Dialogs Database

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1512/

Marasek, Krzysztof and Gubrynowicz, Ryszard

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Spoken corpora provide a critical resource for research, development and evaluation of spoken dialog systems. This paper describes the telephone spoken dialog corpus for Polish created by Polish-Japanese Institute of Information Technology team within the LUNA project (IST 033549). The main goal of this project is to create a robust natural spoken language understanding (SLU) toolkit, which can be used to improve the speech-enabled telecom services in multilingual context (Italian, French and Polish). The corpus has been collected at the call center of Warsaw Transport Authority, manually transcribed and richly annotated on acoustic, syntactic and semantic levels. The most frequent users requests concern city traffic information (public transportation stops, routes, schedules, trip planning etc.). The collected database consists of two parts: 500 human-human dialogs of approx. 670 minutes long with a vocabulary of ca. 8,000 words and 500 human-machine dialogs recorded via the use of Wizard-of-Oz paradigm. The syntactic and semantic annotation is carried out by another team (Mykowiecka et al., 2007). This database is the first one collected for spontaneous Polish speech recorded through telecommunication lines and will be used for development and evaluation of automatic speech recognition (ASR) and robust natural spoken language understanding (SLU) components.

null

83,901

inproceedings

santos-freitas-2008-corp

{CORP}-{ORAL}: Spontaneous Speech Corpus for {E}uropean {P}ortuguese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1513/

Santos, Fab{\'i}ola and Freitas, Tiago

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Research activity on the Portuguese language for speech synthesis and recognition has suffered from a considerable lack of human and material resources. This has raised some obstacles to the development of speech technology and speech interface platforms. One of the most significant obstacles is the lack of spontaneous speech corpora for the creation, training and further improvement of speech synthesis and recognition programs. It was in order to suppress this gap that the CORP-ORAL project was planned. The aim of the project is to build a corpus of spontaneous EP available for the training of speech synthesis and recognition systems as well as phonetic, phonological, lexical, morphological and syntactic studies. Further possibilities of enquiry such as sociolinguistic and pragmatic research are also covered in the corpus design. The data consist of unscripted and unprompted face-to-face dialogues between family, friends, colleagues and unacquainted participants. All recordings are orthographically transcribed and prosodically annotated. CORP-ORAL is built from scratch with the explicit goal of becoming entirely available on the internet to the scientific community and the public in general.

null

83,902

inproceedings

hennoste-etal-2008-human

From Human Communication to Intelligent User Interfaces: Corpora of Spoken {E}stonian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1514/

Hennoste, Tiit and Gerassimenko, Olga and Kasterpalu, Riina and Koit, Mare and R{\"a{\"abis, Andriela and Strandson, Krista

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

We argue for the necessity of studying human-human spoken conversations of various kinds in order to create user interfaces to databases. An efficient user interface benefits from a well-organized corpus that can be used for investigating the strategies people use in conversations in order to be efficient and to handle the spoken communication problems. For modeling the natural behaviour and testing the model we need a dialogue corpus where the roles of participants are close to the roles of the dialogue system and its user. For that reason, we collect and investigate the Corpus of the Spoken Estonian and the Estonian Dialogue Corpus as the sources for human-human interaction investigation. The transcription conventions and annotation typology of spoken human-human dialogues in Estonian are introduced. For creating a user interface the corpus of one institutional conversation type is insufficient, since we need to know what phenomena are inherent for the spoken language in general, what means are used only in certain types of the conversations and what are the differences.

null

83,903

inproceedings

muhr-2008-pronouncing

The Pronouncing Dictionary of {A}ustrian {G}erman ({AGPD}) and the {A}ustrian Phonetic Database ({ADABA}): Report on a large Phonetic Resources Database of the three Major Varieties of {G}erman

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1515/

Muhr, Rudolf

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The paper gives a comprehensive overview over the results, the concepts and the methods which were developed and used to create the Pronouncing Dictionary of Austrian German ({\"OAWB) and the Austrian Pronouncing Database ADABA. The {\"OAWB contains 42,000 entries which are based on a large audio corpus of 75,964 realisations of two model speakers each from Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The ADABA database provides 9 different ways to search the data. It also contains 24 model texts and another 30 texts showing linguistic and phonetic variation in Austria and in the other German speaking countries. The codification of Austrian standard pronunciation was based on the concept of German as a pluricentric language and on the concept of media presentation language. Austrian pronunciation forms are presented in parallel with those of Germany and Switzerland to allow the comparison of differences between linguistically close national varieties of a language. The paper also gives a detailed characterisation of the software (transcriber, database) which was developed during the project that was supported by the Austrian national broadcasting corporation ORF and the University for Music and Dramatic Arts in Graz. Some of the software and the data can be obtained from the web site www.adaba.at.

null

83,904

inproceedings

brinckmann-etal-2008-german

{G}erman Today: a really extensive Corpus of Spoken Standard {G}erman

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1516/

Brinckmann, Caren and Kleiner, Stefan and Kn{\"obl, Ralf and Berend, Nina

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The research project German Today aims to determine the amount of regional variation in (near-)standard German spoken by young and older educated adults and to identify and locate regional features. To this end, we compile an areally extensive corpus of read and spontaneous German speech. Secondary school students and 50-to-60-year-old locals are recorded in 160 cities throughout the German speaking area of Europe. All participants read a number of short texts and a word list, name pictures, translate words and sentences from English, answer questions in a sociobiographic interview, and take part in a map task experiment. The resulting corpus comprises over 1,000 hours of speech, which is transcribed orthographically. Automatically derived broad phonetic transcriptions, selective manual narrow phonetic transcriptions, and variationalist annotations are added. Focussing on phonetic variation we aim to show to what extent national or regional standards exist in spoken German. Furthermore, the linguistic variation due to different contextual styles (read vs. spontaneous speech) shall be analysed. Finally, the corpus enables us to investigate whether linguistic change has occurred in spoken (near-)standard German.

null

83,905

inproceedings

bonafonte-etal-2008-corpus

Corpus and Voices for {C}atalan Speech Synthesis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1517/

Bonafonte, Antonio and Adell, Jordi and Esquerra, Ignasi and Gallego, Silvia and Moreno, Asunci{\'o}n and P{\'e}rez, Javier

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper we describe the design and production of Catalan database for building synthetic voices. Two speakers, with 10 hours per speaker, have recorded 10 hours of speech. The speaker selection and the corpus design aim to provide resources for high quality synthesis. The resources have been used to build voices for the Festival TTS. Both the original recordings and the Festival databases are freely available for research and for commertial use.

null

83,906

inproceedings

adda-decker-etal-2008-developments

Developments of {\textquotedblleftL{\"etzebuergesch{\textquotedblright Resources for Automatic Speech Processing and Linguistic Studies

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1518/

Adda-Decker, Martine and Pellegrini, Thomas and Bilinski, Eric and Adda, Gilles

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In the present contribution we start with an overview of the linguistic situation of Luxembourg. We then describe specificities of spoken and written L{\"etzebuergesch, with respect to automatic speech processing. Multilingual code-switching and code-mixing, poor writing standardization as compared to languages such as English or French, a large diversity of spoken varieties, together with a limited written production of L{\"etzebuergesch language contribute to pose many interesting challenges to automatic speech processing both for speech technologies and linguistic studies. Multilingual filtering has been investigated to sort out Luxembourgish from German and French. Word list coverage and language model perplexity results, using sibling resources collected from the Web, are presented. A phonemic inventory has been adopted for pronunciation dictionary development, a grapheme-phoneme tool has been developed and pronunciation research issues related to the multilingual context are highlighted. Results achieved in resource development allow to envision the realisation of an ASR system.

null

83,907

inproceedings

nemoto-etal-2008-speech

Speech Errors on Frequently Observed Homophones in {F}rench: Perceptual Evaluation vs Automatic Classification

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1519/

Nemoto, Rena and Vasilescu, Ioana and Adda-Decker, Martine

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The present contribution aims at increasing our understanding of automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors involving frequent homophone or almost homophone words by confronting them to perceptual results. The long-term aim is to improve acoustic modelling of these items to reduce automatic transcription errors. A first question of interest addressed in this paper is whether homophone words such as et (and); and est (to be), for which ASR systems rely on language model weights, can be discriminated in a perceptual transcription test with similar n-gram constraints. A second question concerns the acoustic separability of the two homophone words using appropriate acoustic and prosodic attributes. The perceptual test reveals that even though automatic and perceptual errors correlate positively, human listeners deal with local ambiguity more efficiently than the ASR system in conditions which attempt to approximate the information available for decision for a 4-gram language model. The corresponding acoustic analysis shows that the two homophone words may be distinguished thanks to some relevant acoustic and prosodic attributes. A first experiment in automatic classification of the two words using data mining techniques highlights the role of the prosodic (duration and voicing) and contextual information (pauses co-occurrence) in distinguishing the two words. Current results, even though preliminary, suggests that new levels of information, so far unexplored in pronunciations modelling for ASR, may be considered in order to efficiently factorize the word variants observed in speech and to improve the automatic speech transcription.

null

83,908

inproceedings

yamazaki-etal-2008-creation

Creation of Learner Corpus and Its Application to Speech Recognition

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1520/

Yamazaki, Hiroki and Kitamura, Keisuke and Harada, Takashi and Yamamoto, Seiichi

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Some big languages like English are spoken by a lot of people whose mother tongues are different from. Their second languages often have not only distinct accent but also different lexical and syntactic characteristics. Speech recognition performance is severely affected when the lexical, syntactic, or semantic characteristics in the training and recognition tasks differ. Language model of a speech recognition system is usually trained with transcribed speech data or text data collected in English native countries, therefore, speech recognition performance is expected to be degraded by mismatch of lexical and syntactic characteristics between native speakers and second language speakers as well as the distinction between their accents. The aim of language model adaptation is to exploit specific, albeit limited, knowledge about the recognition task to compensate for mismatch of the lexical, syntactic, or semantic characteristics. This paper describes whether the language model adaptation is effective for compensating for the mismatch between the lexical, syntactic, or semantic characteristics of native speakers and second language speakers.

null

83,909

inproceedings

antoine-etal-2008-automatic

Automatic Rich Annotation of Large Corpus of Conversational transcribed speech: the Chunking Task of the {EPAC} Project

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1521/

Antoine, Jean-Yves and Mokrane, Abdenour and Friburger, Nathalie

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper describes the use of the CasSys platform in order to achieve the chunking of conversational speech transcripts by means of cascades of Unitex transducers. Our system is involved in the EPAC project of the French National agency of Research (ANR). The aim of this project is to develop robust methods for the annotation of audio/multimedia document collections which contains conversational speech sequences such as TV or radio programs. At first, this paper presents the EPAC project and the adaptation of a former chunking system (Romus) which was developed in the restricted framework of dedicated spoken man-machine dialogue. Then, it describes the problems that are arising due to 1) spontaneous speech disfluencies and 2) errors for the previous stages of processing (automatic speech recognition and POS tagging).

null

83,910

inproceedings

bazillon-etal-2008-manual

Manual vs Assisted Transcription of Prepared and Spontaneous Speech

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1522/

Bazillon, Thierry and Est{\`e}ve, Yannick and Luzzati, Daniel

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Our paper focuses on the gain which can be achieved on human transcription of spontaneous and prepared speech, by using the assistance of an ASR system. This experiment has shown interesting results, first about the duration of the transcription task itself: even with the combination of prepared speech + ASR, an experimented annotator needs approximately 4 hours to transcribe 1 hours of audio data. Then, using an ASR system is mostly time-saving, although this gain is much more significant on prepared speech: assisted transcriptions are up to 4 times faster than manual ones. This ratio falls to 2 with spontaneous speech, because of ASR limits for these data. Detailed results reveal interesting correlations between the transcription task and phenomena such as Word Error Rate, telephonic or non-native speech turns, the number of fillers or propers nouns. The latter make spelling correction very time-consuming with prepared speech because of their frequency. As a consequence, watching for low averages of proper nouns may be a way to detect spontaneous speech.

null

83,911

inproceedings

sandoval-etal-2008-developing

Developing a Phonemic and Syllabic Frequency Inventory for Spontaneous Spoken Castilian {S}panish and their Comparison to Text-Based Inventories

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1523/

Sandoval, Antonio Moreno and Toledano, Doroteo Torre and de la Torre, Ra{\'u}l and Garrote, Marta and Guirao, Jos{\'e} M.

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper we present our recent work to develop phonemic and syllabic inventories for Castilian Spanish based on the C-ORAL-ROM corpus, a spontaneous spoken resource with varying degrees of naturalness and in different communicative contexts. These inventories have been developed by means of a phonemic and syllabic automatic transcriptor whose output has been assessed by manually reviewing most of the transcriptions. The inventories include absolute frequencies of occurrence of the different phones and syllables. These frequencies have been contrasted against an inventory extracted from a comparable textual corpus, finding evidence that the available inventories, based mainly on text, do not provide an accurate description of spontaneously spoken Castilian Spanish.

null

83,912

inproceedings

pollak-etal-2008-phone

Phone Segmentation Tool with Integrated Pronunciation Lexicon and {C}zech Phonetically Labelled Reference Database.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1524/

Poll{\'a}k, Petr and Vol{\'i}n, Jan and Skarnitzl, Radek

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Phonetic segmentation is the procedure which is used in many applications of speech processing, both as a subpart of automated systems or as the tool for an interactive work. In this paper we are presenting the latest development in our tool of automated phonetic segmentation. The tool is based on HMM forced alignment realized by publicly available HTK toolkit. It is implemented into the environment of Praat application and it can be used with several optional settings. The tool is designed for segmentation of the utterances with known orthographic records while phonetic contents are obtained from the pronunciation lexicon or from orthoepic record generated by rules for new unknown words. Second part of this paper describes small Czech reference database precisely labelled on phonetic level which is supposed to be used for the analysis of the accuracy of automatic phonetic segmentation.

null

83,913

inproceedings

bobicev-zidrasco-2008-estimating

Estimating Word Phonosemantics

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1525/

Bobicev, Victoria and Zidra{\c{s}}co, Tatiana

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The paper describes a method of word phonosemantics estimation. We treat phonosemantics as a subconscious emotional perception of word sounding independent on the word meaning. The method is based on the data about emotional perception of sounds obtained from a number of respondents. A program estimates words emotional characteristics using the data about sounds. The program output was compared with humans judgment. The results of the experiments showed that in most cases computer description of a word based on phonosemantic calculations is similar with our own impressions of the words sounding. On the other hand the word meaning dominates in emotional perception of the word and phonosemantic part comes out for the words with unknown meaning.

null

83,914

inproceedings

gasch-etal-2008-memasysco

memasysco: {XML} schema based metadata management system for speech corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1526/

Gasch, Joachim and Brinckmann, Caren and Dickgie{\ss}er, Sylvia

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The metadata management system for speech corpora memasysco has been developed at the Institut f{\"ur Deutsche Sprache (IDS) and is applied for the first time to document the speech corpus German Today. memasysco is based on a data model for the documentation of speech corpora and contains two generic XML schemas that drive data capture, XML native database storage, dynamic publishing, and information retrieval. The development of memasyscos information architecture was mainly based on the ISLE MetaData Initiative (IMDI) guidelines for publishing metadata of linguistic resources. However, since we also have to support the corpus management process in research projects at the IDS, we need a finer atomic granularity for some documentation components as well as more restrictive categories to ensure data integrity. The XML metadata of different speech corpus projects are centrally validated and natively stored in an Oracle XML database. The extension of the system to the management of annotations of audio and video signals (e.g. orthographic and phonetic transcriptions) is planned for the near future.

null

83,915

inproceedings

chevelu-etal-2008-comparing

Comparing Set-Covering Strategies for Optimal Corpus Design

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1527/

Chevelu, Jonathan and Barbot, Nelly and Boeffard, Olivier and Delhay, Arnaud

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This article is interested in the problem of the linguistic content of a speech corpus. Depending on the target task, the phonological and linguistic content of the corpus is controlled by collecting a set of sentences which covers a preset description of phonological attributes under the constraint of an overall duration as small as possible. This goal is classically achieved by greedy algorithms which however do not guarantee the optimality of the desired cover. In recent works, a lagrangian-based algorithm, called LamSCP, has been used to extract coverings of diphonemes from a large corpus in French, giving better results than a greedy algorithm. We propose to keep comparing both algorithms in terms of the shortest duration, stability and robustness by achieving multi-represented diphoneme or triphoneme covering. These coverings correspond to very large scale optimization problems, from a corpus in English. For each experiment, LamSCP improves the greedy results from 3.9 to 9.7 percent.

null

83,916

inproceedings

lanchantin-etal-2008-automatic

Automatic Phoneme Segmentation with Relaxed Textual Constraints

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1528/

Lanchantin, Pierre and Morris, Andrew C. and Rodet, Xavier and Veaux, Christophe

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Speech synthesis by unit selection requires the segmentation of a large single speaker high quality recording. Automatic speech recognition techniques, e.g. Hidden Markov Models (HMM), can be optimised for maximum segmentation accuracy. This paper presents the results of tuning such a phoneme segmentation system. Firstly, using no text transcription, the design of an HMM phoneme recogniser is optimised subject to a phoneme bigram language model. Optimal performance is obtained with triphone models, 7 states per phoneme and 5 Gaussians per state, reaching 94.4{\%} phoneme recognition accuracy with 95.2{\%} of phoneme boundaries within 70 ms of hand labelled boundaries. Secondly, using the textual information modeled by a multi-pronunciation phonetic graph built according to errors found in the first step, the reported phoneme recognition accuracy increases to 96.8{\%} with 96.1{\%} of phoneme boundaries within 70 ms of hand labelled boundaries. Finally, the results from these two segmentation methods based on different phonetic graphs, the evaluation set, the hand labelling and the test procedures are discussed and possible improvements are proposed.

null

83,917

inproceedings

veaux-etal-2008-ircamcorpustools

{I}rcam{C}orpus{T}ools: an Extensible Platform for Spoken Corpora Exploitation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1529/

Veaux, Christophe and Beller, Gregory and Rodet, Xavier

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Corpus based methods are increasingly used for speech technology applications and for the development of theoretical or computer models of spoken languages. These usages range from unit selection speech synthesis to statistical modeling of speech phenomena like prosody or expressivity. In all cases, these usages require a wide range of tools for corpus creation, labeling, symbolic and acoustic analysis, storage and query. However, if a variety of tools exists for each of these individual tasks, they are rarely integrated into a single platform made available to a large community of researchers. In this paper, we propose IrcamCorpusTools, an open and easily extensible platform for analysis, query and visualization of speech corpora. It is already used for unit selection speech synthesis, for prosody and expressivity studies, and to exploit various corpora of spoken French or other languages.

null

83,918

inproceedings

fitzgerald-jelinek-2008-linguistic

Linguistic Resources for Reconstructing Spontaneous Speech Text

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1530/

Fitzgerald, Erin and Jelinek, Frederick

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The output of a speech recognition system is not always ideal for subsequent downstream processing, in part because speakers themselves often make mistakes. A system would accomplish speech reconstruction of its spontaneous speech input if its output were to represent, in flawless, fluent, and content-preserving English, the message that the speaker intended to convey. These cleaner speech transcripts would allow for more accurate language processing as needed for NLP tasks such as machine translation and conversation summarization, which often rely on grammatical input. Recognizing that supervised statistical methods to identify and transform ill-formed areas of the transcript will require richly labeled resources, we have built the Spontaneous Speech Reconstruction corpus. This small corpus of reconstructed and aligned conversational telephone speech transcriptions for the Fisher conversational telephone speech corpus (Strassel and Walker, 2004) was annotated on several levels including string transformations and predicate-argument structure, and will be shared with the linguistic research community.

null

83,919

inproceedings

janssen-freitas-2008-spock

Spock - a Spoken Corpus Client

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1531/

Janssen, Maarten and Freitas, Tiago

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Spock is an open source tool for the easy deployment of time-aligned corpora. It is fully web-based, and has very limited server-side requirements. It allows the end-user to search the corpus in a text-driven manner, obtaining both the transcription and the corresponding sound fragment in the result page. Spock has an administration environment to help manage the sound files and their respective transcription files, and also provides statistical data about the files at hand. Spock uses a proprietary file format for storing the alignment data but the integrated admin environment allows you to import files from a number of common file formats. Spock is not intended as a transcriber program: it is not meant as an alternative to programs such as ELAN, Wavesurfer, or Transcriber, but rather to make corpora created with these tools easily available on line. For the end user, Spock provides a very easy way of accessing spoken corpora, without the need of installing any special software, which might make time-aligned corpora corpora accessible to a large group of users who might otherwise never look at them.

null

83,920

inproceedings

tron-2008-durational

On the Durational Reduction of Repeated Mentions: Recency and Speaker Effects

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1532/

Tr{\'o}n, Viktor

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

There are conflicting views in the literature as to the role of listener-adaptive processes in language production in general and articulatory reduction in particular. We present two novel pieces of corpus evidence that corroborate the hypothesis that non-lexical variation of durations is related to the speed of retrieval of stored motor code chunks and durational reduction is the result of facilitatory priming.

null

83,921

inproceedings

koehler-etal-2008-question

A Question Answering System for {G}erman. Experiments with Morphological Linguistic Resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1533/

Koehler, Florian and Schuetze, Hinrich and Atterer, Michaela

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Question Answering systems are systems that enable the user to ask questions in natural language and to also receive an answer in natural language. Most existing systems, however, are constructed for the English language, and it is not clear in how far these approaches are also applicable to other languages. A richer morphology, greater syntactic variability, and smaller fraction of webpages available in the language are just some issues that complicate the construction of systems for German. In this paper, we present a modular Question Answering System for German which uses several morphological resources to increase recall. Nouns are converted into verbs, verbs into nouns, and the tenses of verbs are modified. We use a web search engine as a back end to allow for open-domain Question Answering. A POS-tagger is employed to identify answer candidates which are then filtered and tiled. The system is shown to achieve a higher recall than other systems for German.

null

83,922

inproceedings

cartoni-2008-lexical

Lexical Resources for Automatic Translation of Constructed Neologisms: the Case Study of Relational Adjectives

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1534/

Cartoni, Bruno

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper deals with the treatment of constructed neologisms in a machine translation system. It focuses on a particular issue in Romance languages: relational adjectives and the role they play in prefixation. Relational adjectives are formally adjectives but are semantically linked to their base-noun. In prefixation processes, the prefix is formally attached to the adjective, but its semantic value(s) is applied to the semantic features of the base-noun. This phenomenon has to be taken into account by any morphological analyser or generator. Moreover, in a contrastive perspective, the possibilities of creating adjectives out of nouns are not the same in every language. We present the special mechanism we put in place to deal with this type of prefixation, and the automatic method we used to extend lexicons, so that they can retrieve the base-nouns of prefixed relational adjectives, and improve the translation quality.

null

83,923

inproceedings

den-etal-2008-proper

A Proper Approach to {J}apanese Morphological Analysis: Dictionary, Model, and Evaluation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1535/

Den, Yasuharu and Nakamura, Junpei and Ogiso, Toshinobu and Ogura, Hideki

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper, we discuss lemma identification in Japanese morphological analysis, which is crucial for a proper formulation of morphological analysis that benefits not only NLP researchers but also corpus linguists. Since Japanese words often have variation in orthography and the vocabulary of Japanese consists of words of several different origins, it sometimes happens that more than one writing form corresponds to the same lemma and that a single writing form corresponds to two or more lemmas with different readings and/or meanings. The mapping from a writing form onto a lemma is important in linguistic analysis of corpora. The current study focuses on disambiguation of heteronyms, words with the same writing form but with different word forms. To resolve heteronym ambiguity, we make use of goshu information, the classification of words based on their origin. Founded on the fact that words of some goshu classes are more likely to combine into compound words than words of other classes, we employ a statistical model based on CRFs using goshu information. Experimental results show that the use of goshu information considerably improves the performance of heteronym disambiguation and lemma identification, suggesting that goshu information solves the lemma identification task very effectively.

null

83,924

inproceedings

tsarfaty-goldberg-2008-word

Word-Based or Morpheme-Based? Annotation Strategies for {M}odern {H}ebrew Clitics

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1536/

Tsarfaty, Reut and Goldberg, Yoav

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Morphologically rich languages pose a challenge to the annotators of treebanks with respect to the status of orthographic (space-delimited) words in the syntactic parse trees. In such languages an orthographic word may carry various, distinct, sorts of information and the question arises whether we should represent such words as a sequence of their constituent morphemes (i.e., a Morpheme-Based annotation strategy) or whether we should preserve their special orthographic status within the trees (i.e., a Word-Based annotation strategy). In this paper we empirically address this challenge in the context of the development of Language Resources for Modern Hebrew. We compare and contrast the Morpheme-Based and Word-Based annotation strategies of pronominal clitics in Modern Hebrew and we show that the Word-Based strategy is more adequate for the purpose of training statistical parsers as it provides a better PP-attachment disambiguation capacity and a better alignment with initial surface forms. Our findings in turn raise new questions concerning the interaction of morphological and syntactic processing of which investigation is facilitated by the parallel treebank we made available.

null

83,925

inproceedings

bosch-etal-2008-experimental

Experimental Fast-Tracking of Morphological Analysers for Nguni Languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1537/

Bosch, Sonja and Pretorius, Laurette and Podile, Kholisa and Fleisch, Axel

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The development of natural language processing (NLP) components is resource-intensive and therefore justifies exploring ways of reducing development time and effort when building NLP components. This paper addresses the experimental fast-tracking of the development of finite-state morphological analysers for Xhosa, Swati and (Southern) Ndebele by using an existing morphological analyser prototype for Zulu. The research question is whether fast-tracking is feasible across the language boundaries between these closely related varieties. The objective is a thorough assessment of recognition rates yielded by the Zulu morphological analyser for the three related languages. The strategy is to use techniques comprising several cycles of the following steps: applying the analyser to corpus data from all languages, identifying failures, and implementing the respective changes in the analyser. Tests show that the high degree of shared typological properties and formal similarities among the Nguni varieties warrants a modular fast-tracking approach. Word forms recognized by the Zulu analyser were mostly adequately interpreted. Therefore, the focus lies on providing adaptations based on failure output analysis for each language. As a result, the development of analysers for Xhosa, Swati and Ndebele is considerably faster than the creation of the Zulu prototype. The paper concludes with comments on the feasibility of the experiment, and the results of the evaluation.

null

83,926

inproceedings

ljubesic-etal-2008-generating

Generating a Morphological Lexicon of Organization Entity Names

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1538/

Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola and Lauc, Tomislava and Boras, Damir

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper describes methods used for generating a morphological lexicon of organization entity names in Croatian. This resource is intended for two primary tasks: template-based natural language generation and named entity identification. The main problems concerning the lexicon generation are high level of inflection in Croatian and low linguistic quality of the primary resource containing named entities in normal form. The problem is divided into two subproblems concerning single-word and multi-word expressions. The single-word problem is solved by training a supervised learning algorithm called linear successive abstraction. With existing common language morphological resources and two simple hand-crafted rules backing up the algorithm, accuracy of 98.70{\%} on the test set is achieved. The multi-word problem is solved through a semi-automated process for multi-word entities occurring in the first 10,000 named entities. The generated multi-word lexicon will be used for natural language generation only while named entity identification will be solved algorithmically in forthcoming research. The single-word lexicon is capable of handling both tasks.

null

83,927

inproceedings

sharoff-etal-2008-designing

Designing and Evaluating a {R}ussian Tagset

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1539/

Sharoff, Serge and Kopotev, Mikhail and Erjavec, Toma{\v{z}} and Feldman, Anna and Divjak, Dagmar

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper reports the principles behind designing a tagset to cover Russian morphosyntactic phenomena, modifications of the core tagset, and its evaluation. The tagset is based on the MULTEXT-East framework, while the decisions in designing it were aimed at achieving a balance between parameters important for linguists and the possibility to detect and disambiguate them automatically. The final tagset contains about 500 tags and achieves about 95{\%} accuracy on the disambiguated portion of the Russian National Corpus. We have also produced a test set that can be shared with other researchers.

null

83,928

inproceedings

pala-etal-2008-czech

{C}zech {MWE} Database

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1540/

Pala, Karel and Svoboda, Luk{\'a}{\v{s}} and {\v{S}}merk, Pavel

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper we deal with a recently developed large Czech MWE database containing at the moment 160,000 MWEs (treated as lexical units). It was compiled from various resources such as encyclopedias and dictionaries, public databases of proper names and toponyms, collocations obtained from Czech WordNet, lists of botanical and zoological terms and others. We describe the structure of the database and compare the built MWEs database with the corpus data from Czech National Corpus SYN2000 (approx. 100 mil. tokens) and present results of this comparison in the paper. These MWEs have not been obtained from the corpus since their frequencies in it are rather low. To obtain a more complete list of MWEs we propose and use a technique exploiting the Word Sketch Engine, which allows us to work with statistical parameters such as frequency of MWEs and their components as well as with the salience for the whole MWEs. We also discuss exploitation of the database for working out a more adequate tagging and lemmatization. The final goal is to be able to recognize MWEs in corpus text and lemmatize them as complete lexical units, i.e. to make tagging and lemmatization more adequate.

null

83,929

inproceedings

habash-roth-2008-identification

Identification of Naturally Occurring Numerical Expressions in {A}rabic

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1541/

Habash, Nizar and Roth, Ryan

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper, we define the task of Number Identification in natural context. We present and validate a language-independent semi-automatic approach to quickly building a gold standard for evaluating number identification systems by exploiting hand-aligned parallel data. We also present and extensively evaluate a robust rule-based system for number identification in natural context for Arabic for a variety of number formats and types. The system is shown to have strong performance, achieving, on a blind test, a 94.8{\%} F-score for the task of correctly identifying number expression spans in natural text, and a 92.1{\%} F-score for the task of correctly determining the core numerical value.

null

83,930

inproceedings

tongchim-etal-2008-dependency

A Dependency Parser for {T}hai

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1542/

Tongchim, Shisanu and Altmeyer, Randolf and Sornlertlamvanich, Virach and Isahara, Hitoshi

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper presents some preliminary results of our dependency parser for Thai. It is part of an ongoing project in developing a syntactically annotated Thai corpus. The parser has been trained and tested by using the complete part of the corpus. The parser achieves 83.64{\%} as the root accuracy, 78.54{\%} as the dependency accuracy and 53.90{\%} as the complete sentence accuracy. The trained parser will be used as a preprocessing step in our corpus annotation workflow in order to accelerate the corpus development.

null

83,931

inproceedings

shamsfard-fadaee-2008-hybrid

A Hybrid Morphology-Based {POS} Tagger for {P}ersian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1543/

Shamsfard, Mehrnoush and Fadaee, Hakimeh

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In many applications of natural language processing (NLP) grammatically tagged corpora are needed. Thus Part of Speech (POS) Tagging is of high importance in the domain of NLP. Many taggers are designed with different approaches to reach high performance and accuracy. These taggers usually deal with inter-word relations and they make use of lexicons. In this paper we present a new tagging algorithm with a hybrid approach. This algorithm combines the features of probabilistic and rule-based taggers to tag Persian unknown words. In contrast with many other tagging algorithms this algorithm deals with the internal structure of the words and it does not need any built in knowledge. The introduced tagging algorithm is domain independent because it uses morphological rules. In this algorithm POS tags are assigned to unknown word with a probability which shows the accuracy of the assigned POS tag. Although this tagger is proposed for Persian, it can be adapted to other languages by applying their morphological rules.

null

83,932

inproceedings

sankaran-etal-2008-common

A Common Parts-of-Speech Tagset Framework for {I}ndian Languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1544/

Sankaran, Baskaran and Bali, Kalika and Choudhury, Monojit and Bhattacharya, Tanmoy and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak and Jha, Girish Nath and Rajendran, S. and Saravanan, K. and Sobha, L. and Subbarao, K.V.

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

We present a universal Parts-of-Speech (POS) tagset framework covering most of the Indian languages (ILs) following the hierarchical and decomposable tagset schema. In spite of significant number of speakers, there is no workable POS tagset and tagger for most ILs, which serve as fundamental building blocks for NLP research. Existing IL POS tagsets are often designed for a specific language; the few that have been designed for multiple languages cover only shallow linguistic features ignoring linguistic richness and the idiosyncrasies. The new framework that is proposed here addresses these deficiencies in an efficient and principled manner. We follow a hierarchical schema similar to that of EAGLES and this enables the framework to be flexible enough to capture rich features of a language/ language family, even while capturing the shared linguistic structures in a methodical way. The proposed common framework further facilitates the sharing and reusability of scarce resources in these languages and ensures cross-linguistic compatibility.

null

83,933

inproceedings

mohanty-bhattacharyya-2008-lexical

Lexical Resources for Semantics Extraction

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1545/

Mohanty, Rajat and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In this paper, we report our work on the creation of a number of lexical resources that are crucial for an interlingua based MT from English to other languages. These lexical resources are in the form of sub-categorization frames, verb knowledge bases and rule templates for establishing semantic relations and speech act like attributes. We have created these resources over a long period of time from Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (OALD) [1], VerbNet [2], Princeton WordNet 2.1 [3], LCS database [4], Penn Tree Bank [5], and XTAG lexicon [6]. On the challenging problem of generating interlingua from domain and structure unrestricted English sentences, we are able to demonstrate that the use of these lexical resources makes a difference in terms of accuracy figures.

null

83,934

inproceedings

joubert-lafourcade-2008-evolutionary

Evolutionary Basic Notions for a Thematic Representation of General Knowledge

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1546/

Joubert, Alain and Lafourcade, Mathieu

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

In the field of Natural Language Processing, in order to work out a thematic representation system of general knowledge, methods relying on thesaurus have been used for about twenty years. A thesaurus consists of a set of concepts which define a generating system of a vector space modelling general knowledge. These concepts, often organized in a treelike structure, constitute a fundamental, but completely fixed tool. Even if the concepts evolve (we think for example of the technical fields), a thesaurus as for it can evolve only at the time of a particularly heavy process, because it requires the collaboration of human experts. After detailing the characteristics which a generating system of the vector space of knowledge modelling must have, we define the basic notions. Basic notions, whose construction is initially based on the concepts of a thesaurus, constitute another generating system of this vector space. We then approach the determination of the acceptions expressing the basic notions. Lastly, we clarify how, being freed from the concepts of the thesaurus, the basic notions evolve progressively with the analysis of new texts by an iterative process.

null

83,935

inproceedings

chou-etal-2008-extended

The Extended Architecture of Hantology for {J}apan Kanji

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1547/

Chou, Ya-Min and Huang, Chu-Ren and Hong, Jia-Fei

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

Chinese writing system is not only used by Chinese but also used by Japanese. The motivation of this paper is to extend the architecture of Hantology which describes the features of Chinese writing system to integrate Japan Kanji and Chinese characters into the same ontology. The problem is Chinese characters adopted by Japan have been changed, thus, the modification of the original architecture of Hantology is needed. A extended architecture consists orthographic, pronunciation, sense and derived lexicon dimensions. is proposed in this paper. The contribution of this study is that the extension architecture of Hantology provides a platform to analyze the variation of Chinese characters used in Japan. The analytic results of variation for a specific Kanji can be integrated into Hantology, so it is easier to study the variation of Chinese characters systematically

null

83,936

inproceedings

osenova-etal-2008-language

Language Resources for Semantic Document Annotation and Crosslingual Retrieval

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1548/

Osenova, Petya and Simov, Kiril and Mossel, Eelco

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper describes the interaction among language resources for an adequate concept annotation of domain texts in several languages. The architecture includes domain ontology, domain texts, language specific lexicons, regular grammars and disambiguation rules. Ontology plays a central role in the architecture. We assume that it represents the meaning of the terms in the lexicons. Thus, the lexicons for the languages of the project (\url{http://www.lt4el.eu/} - the LT4eL (Language Technology for eLearning) project is supported by the European Community under the Information Society and Media Directorate, Learning and Cultural Heritage Unit.) are constructed on the base of the ontology. The grammars and disambiguation rules facilitate the annotation of the text with concepts from the ontology. The established in this way relation between ontology and text supports different searches for content in the annotated documents. This is considered the preparatory phase for the integration of a semantic search facility in Learning Management Systems. The implementation and performance of this search are discussed in the context of related work as well as other types of searches. Also the results from some preliminary steps towards evaluation of the concept-based and text-based search are presented.

null

83,937

inproceedings

jabbari-etal-2008-using

Using a Probabilistic Model of Context to Detect Word Obfuscation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1549/

Jabbari, Sanaz and Allison, Ben and Guthrie, Louise

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper proposes a distributional model of word use and word meaning which is derived purely from a body of text, and then applies this model to determine whether certain words are used in or out of context. We suggest that we can view the contexts of words as multinomially distributed random variables. We illustrate how using this basic idea, we can formulate the problem of detecting whether or not a word is used in context as a likelihood ratio test. We also define a measure of semantic relatedness between a word and its context using the same model. We assume that words that typically appear together are related, and thus have similar probability distributions and that words used in an unusual way will have probability distributions which are dissimilar from those of their surrounding context. The relatedness of a word to its context is based on Kullback-Leibler divergence between probability distributions assigned to the constituent words in the given sentence. We employed our methods on a defense-oriented application where certain words are substituted with other words in an intercepted communication.

null

83,938

inproceedings

tonelli-pianta-2008-frame

Frame Information Transfer from {E}nglish to {I}talian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1550/

Tonelli, Sara and Pianta, Emanuele

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

We describe an automatic projection algorithm for transferring frame-semantic information from English to Italian texts as a first sep towards the creation of Italian FrameNet. Given an English text with frame information and its Italian translation, we project the annotation in four steps: first the Italian text is parsed, then English-Italian alignment is automatically carried out at word level, then we extract the semantic head for every annotated constituent on the English corpus side and finally we project annotation from English to Italian using aligned semantic heads as bridge. With our work, we point out typical features of the Italian language as regards frame-semantic annotation, in particular we describe peculiarities of Italian that at the moment make the projection task more difficult than in the above-mentioned examples. Besides, we created a gold standard with 987 manually annotated sentences to evaluate the algorithm.

null

83,939

inproceedings

carrera-etal-2008-towards

Towards {S}panish Verbs' Selectional Preferences Automatic Acquisition: Semantic Annotation of the {S}en{S}em Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1551/

Carrera, Jordi and Castell{\'o}n, Irene and Climent, Salvador and Coll-Florit, Marta

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

We present the results of an agreement task carried out in the framework of the KNOW Project and consisting in manually annotating an agreement sample totaling 50 sentences extracted from the SenSem corpus. Diambiguation was carried out for all nouns, proper nouns and adjectives in the sample, all of which were assigned EuroWordNet (EWN) synsets. As a result of the task, Spanish WN has been shown to exhibit 1) lack of explanatory clarity (it does not define word meanings, but glosses and examplifies them instead; it does not systematically encode metaphoric meanings, either); 2) structural inadequacy (some words appear as hyponyms of another sense of the same word; sometimes there even coexist in Spanish WN a general sense and a specific one related to the same concept, but with no structural link in between; hyperonymy relationships have been detected that are likely to raise doubts to human annotators; there can even be found cases of auto-hyponymy); 3) cross-linguistic inconsistency (there exist in English EWN concepts whose lexical equivalent is missing in Spanish WN; glosses in one language more often than not contradict or diverge from glosses in another language).

null

83,940

inproceedings

vaz-etal-2008-using

Using Lexical Acquisition to Enrich a Predicate Argument Reusable Database

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1552/

Vaz, Paula Cristina and de Matos, David Martins and Mamede, Nuno J.

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

The work described in this paper aims to enrich the noun classifications of an existing database of lexical resources (de Matos and Ribeiro, 2004) adding missing information such as semantic relations. Relations are extracted from an annotated and manually corrected corpus. Semantic relations added to the database are retrieved from noun-appositive relations found in the corpus. The method uses clustering to generate labeled sets of words with hypernym relations between set label and set elements.

null

83,941

inproceedings

reed-etal-2008-language

Language Resources for Studying Argument

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios and Tapias, Daniel

may

2008

Marrakech, Morocco

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L08-1553/

Reed, Chris and Palau, Raquel Mochales and Rowe, Glenn and Moens, Marie-Francine

Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`08)

null

This paper describes the development of a written corpus of argumentative reasoning. Arguments in the corpus have been analysed using state of the art techniques from argumentation theory and have been marked up using an open, reusable markup language. A number of the key challenges enountered during the process are explored, and preliminary observations about features such as inter-coder reliability and corpus statistics are discussed. In addition, several examples are offered of how this kind of language resource can be used in linguistic, computational and philosophical research, and in particular, how the corpus has been used to initiate a programme investigating the automatic detection of argumentative structure.

null

83,942