polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

corpas-pastor-etal-2008-translation

Translation universals: do they exist? A corpus-based {NLP} study of convergence and simplification

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.5/

Corpas Pastor, Gloria and Mitkov, Ruslan and Afzal, Naveed and Pekar, Viktor

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

75--81

Convergence and simplification are two of the so-called universals in translation studies. The first one postulates that translated texts tend to be more similar than non-translated texts. The second one postulates that translated texts are simpler, easier-to-understand than non-translated ones. This paper discusses the results of a project which applies NLP techniques over comparable corpora of translated and non-translated texts in Spanish seeking to establish whether these two universals hold Corpas Pastor (2008).

null

84,800

inproceedings

costa-jussa-fonollosa-2008-computing

Computing multiple weighted reordering hypotheses for a phrase-based statistical machine translation system

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.6/

Costa-Juss{\`a}, Marta R. and Fonollosa, Jos{\'e} A. R.

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

82--88

Reordering is one source of error in statistical machine translation (SMT). This paper extends the study of the statistical machine reordering (SMR) approach, which uses the powerful techniques of the SMT systems to solve reordering problems. Here, the novelties yield in: (1) using the SMR approach in a SMT phrase-based system, (2) adding a feature function in the SMR step, and (3) analyzing the reordering hypotheses at several stages. Coherent improvements are reported in the TC-STAR task (Es/En) at a relatively low computational cost.

null

84,801

inproceedings

deneefe-etal-2008-overcoming

Overcoming Vocabulary Sparsity in {MT} Using Lattices

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.7/

DeNeefe, Steve and Hermjakob, Ulf and Knight, Kevin

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

89--96

Source languages with complex word-formation rules present a challenge for statistical machine translation (SMT). In this paper, we take on three facets of this challenge: (1) common stems are fragmented into many different forms in training data, (2) rare and unknown words are frequent in test data, and (3) spelling variation creates additional sparseness problems. We present a novel, lightweight technique for dealing with this fragmentation, based on bilingual data, and we also present a combination of linguistic and statistical techniques for dealing with rare and unknown words. Taking these techniques together, we demonstrate +1.3 and +1.6 BLEU increases on top of strong baselines for Arabic-English machine translation.

null

84,802

inproceedings

fujii-etal-2008-toward

Toward the Evaluation of Machine Translation Using Patent Information

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.8/

Fujii, Atsushi and Utiyama, Masao and Yamamoto, Mikio and Utsuro, Takehito

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

97--106

To aid research and development in machine translation, we have produced a test collection for Japanese/English machine translation. To obtain a parallel corpus, we extracted patent documents for the same or related inventions published in Japan and the United States. Our test collection includes approximately 2000000 sentence pairs in Japanese and English, which were extracted automatically from our parallel corpus. These sentence pairs can be used to train and evaluate machine translation systems. Our test collection also includes search topics for cross-lingual patent retrieval, which can be used to evaluate the contribution of machine translation to retrieving patent documents across languages. This paper describes our test collection, methods for evaluating machine translation, and preliminary experiments.

null

84,803

inproceedings

habash-metsky-2008-automatic

Automatic Learning of Morphological Variations for Handling Out-of-Vocabulary Terms in {U}rdu-{E}nglish {MT}

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.9/

Habash, Nizar and Metsky, Hayden

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

107--116

We present an approach for online handling of Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) terms in Urdu-English MT. Since Urdu is morphologically richer than English, we expect a large portion of the OOV terms to be Urdu morphological variations that are irrelevant to English. We describe an approach to automatically learn English-irrelevant (target-irrelevant) Urdu (source) morphological variation rules from standard phrase tables. These rules are learned in an unsupervised (or lightly supervised) manner by exploiting redundancy in Urdu and collocation with English translations. We use these rules to hypothesize in-vocabulary alternatives to the OOV terms. Our results show that we reduce the OOV rate from a standard baseline average of 2.6{\%} to an average of 0.3{\%} (or 89{\%} relative decrease). We also increase the BLEU score by 0.45 (absolute) and 2.8{\%} (relative) on a standard test set. A manual error analysis shows that 28{\%} of handled OOV cases produce acceptable translations in context.

null

84,804

inproceedings

he-zong-2008-generalized

A Generalized Reordering Model for Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.10/

He, Yanqing and Zong, Chengqing

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

117--124

Phrase-based translation models are widely studied in statistical machine translation (SMT). However, the existing phrase-based translation models either can not deal with non-contiguous phrases or reorder phrases only by the rules without an effective reordering model. In this paper, we propose a generalized reordering model (GREM) for phrase-based statistical machine translation, which is not only able to capture the knowledge on the local and global reordering of phrases, but also is able to obtain some capabilities of phrasal generalization by using non-contiguous phrases. The experimental results have indicated that our model out- performs MEBTG (enhanced BTG with a maximum entropy-based reordering model) and HPTM (hierarchical phrase-based translation model) by improvement of 1.54{\%} and 0.66{\%} in BLEU.

null

84,805

inproceedings

lardilleux-lepage-2008-truly

A truly multilingual, high coverage, accurate, yet simple, subsentential alignment method

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.11/

Lardilleux, Adrien and Lepage, Yves

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

125--132

This paper describes a new alignment method that extracts high quality multi-word alignments from sentence-aligned multilingual parallel corpora. The method can handle several languages at once. The phrase tables obtained by the method have a comparable accuracy and a higher coverage than those obtained by current methods. They are also obtained much faster.

null

84,806

inproceedings

li-khudanpur-2008-large

Large-scale Discriminative n-gram Language Models for Statistical Machine Translation

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.12/

Li, Zhifei and Khudanpur, Sanjeev

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

133--142

We extend discriminative n-gram language modeling techniques originally proposed for automatic speech recognition to a statistical machine translation task. In this context, we propose a novel data selection method that leads to good models using a fraction of the training data. We carry out systematic experiments on several benchmark tests for Chinese to English translation using a hierarchical phrase-based machine translation system, and show that a discriminative language model significantly improves upon a state-of-the-art baseline. The experiments also highlight the benefits of our data selection method.

null

84,807

inproceedings

madnani-etal-2008-multiple

Are Multiple Reference Translations Necessary? Investigating the Value of Paraphrased Reference Translations in Parameter Optimization

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.13/

Madnani, Nitin and Resnik, Philip and Dorr, Bonnie J. and Schwartz, Richard

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

143--152

Most state-of-the-art statistical machine translation systems use log-linear models, which are defined in terms of hypothesis features and weights for those features. It is standard to tune the feature weights in order to maximize a translation quality metric, using held-out test sentences and their corresponding reference translations. However, obtaining reference translations is expensive. In our earlier work (Madnani et al., 2007), we introduced a new full-sentence paraphrase technique, based on English-to-English decoding with an MT system, and demonstrated that the resulting paraphrases can be used to cut the number of human reference translations needed in half. In this paper, we take the idea a step further, asking how far it is possible to get with just a single good reference translation for each item in the development set. Our analysis suggests that it is necessary to invest in four or more human translations in order to significantly improve on a single translation augmented by monolingual paraphrases.

null

84,808

inproceedings

morishita-etal-2008-integrating

Integrating a Phrase-based {SMT} Model and a Bilingual Lexicon for Semi-Automatic Acquisition of Technical Term Translation Lexicons

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.14/

Morishita, Yohei and Utsuro, Takehito and Yamamoto, Mikio

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

153--162

This paper presents an attempt at developing a technique of acquiring translation pairs of technical terms with sufficiently high precision from parallel patent documents. The approach taken in the proposed technique is based on integrating the phrase translation table of a state-of-the-art statistical phrase-based machine translation model, and compositional translation generation based on an existing bilingual lexicon for human use. Our evaluation results clearly show that the agreement between the two individual techniques definitely contribute to improving precision of translation candidates. We then apply the Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to the task of automatically validating translation candidates in the phrase translation table. Experimental evaluation results again show that the SVMs based approach to translation candidates validation can contribute to improving the precision of translation candidates in the phrase translation table.

null

84,809

inproceedings

nakazawa-kurohashi-2008-linguistically

Linguistically-motivated Tree-based Probabilistic Phrase Alignment

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.15/

Nakazawa, Toshiaki and Kurohashi, Sadao

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

163--171

In this paper, we propose a probabilistic phrase alignment model based on dependency trees. This model is linguistically-motivated, using syntactic information during alignment process. The main advantage of this model is that the linguistic difference between source and target languages is successfully absorbed. It is composed of two models: Model1 is using content word translation probability and function word translation probability; Model2 uses dependency relation probability which is defined for a pair of positional relations on dependency trees. Relation probability acts as tree-based phrase reordering model. Since this model is directed, we combine two alignment results from bi-directional training by symmetrization heuristics to get definitive alignment. We conduct experiments on a Japanese-English corpus, and achieve reasonably high quality of alignment compared with word-based alignment model.

null

84,810

inproceedings

post-gildea-2008-parsers

Parsers as language models for statistical machine translation

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.16/

Post, Matt and Gildea, Daniel

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

172--181

Most work in syntax-based machine translation has been in translation modeling, but there are many reasons why we may instead want to focus on the language model. We experiment with parsers as language models for machine translation in a simple translation model. This approach demands much more of the language models, allowing us to isolate their strengths and weaknesses. We find that unmodified parsers do not improve BLEU scores over ngram language models, and provide an analysis of their strengths and weaknesses.

null

84,811

inproceedings

tate-2008-statistical

A Statistical Analysis of Automated {MT} Evaluation Metrics for Assessments in Task-Based {MT} Evaluation

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.17/

Tate, Calandra R.

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

182--191

This paper applies nonparametric statistical techniques to Machine Translation (MT) Evaluation using data from a large scale task-based study. In particular, the relationship between human task performance on an information extraction task with translated documents and well-known automated translation evaluation metric scores for those documents is studied. Findings from a correlation analysis of this connection are presented and contrasted with current strategies for evaluating translations. An extended analysis that involves a novel idea for assessing partial rank correlation within the presence of grouping factors is also discussed. This work exposes the limitations of descriptive statistics generally used in this area, mainly correlation analysis, when using automated metrics for assessments in task handling purposes.

null

84,812

inproceedings

venugopal-etal-2008-wider

Wider Pipelines: N-Best Alignments and Parses in {MT} Training

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.18/

Venugopal, Ashish and Zollmann, Andreas and Smith, Noah A. and Vogel, Stephan

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

192--201

State-of-the-art statistical machine translation systems use hypotheses from several maximum a posteriori inference steps, including word alignments and parse trees, to identify translational structure and estimate the parameters of translation models. While this approach leads to a modular pipeline of independently developed components, errors made in these {\textquotedblleft}single-best{\textquotedblright} hypotheses can propagate to downstream estimation steps that treat these inputs as clean, trustworthy training data. In this work we integrate N-best alignments and parses by using a probability distribution over these alternatives to generate posterior fractional counts for use in downstream estimation. Using these fractional counts in a DOP-inspired syntax-based translation system, we show significant improvements in translation quality over a single-best trained baseline.

null

84,813

inproceedings

wu-etal-2008-improving

Improving {E}nglish-to-{C}hinese Translation for Technical Terms using Morphological Information

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.19/

Wu, Xianchao and Okazaki, Naoaki and Tsunakawa, Takashi and Tsujii, Jun{'}ichi

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

202--211

The continuous emergence of new technical terms and the difficulty of keeping up with neologism in parallel corpora deteriorate the performance of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. This paper explores the use of morphological information to improve English-to-Chinese translation for technical terms. To reduce the morpheme-level translation ambiguity, we group the morphemes into morpheme phrases and propose the use of domain information for translation candidate selection. In order to find correspondences of morpheme phrases between the source and target languages, we propose an algorithm to mine morpheme phrase translation pairs from a bilingual lexicon. We also build a cascaded translation model that dynamically shifts translation units from phrase level to word and morpheme phrase levels. The experimental results show the significant improvements over the current phrase-based SMT systems.

null

84,814

inproceedings

wu-etal-2008-mining

Mining the Web for Domain-Specific Translations

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.20/

Wu, Jian-Cheng and Wei-Huai Hsu, Peter and Tseng, Chiung-Hui and Chang, Jason S.

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

212--221

We introduce a method for learning to find domain-specific translations for a given term on the Web. In our approach, the source term is transformed into an expanded query aimed at maximizing the probability of retrieving translations from a very large collection of mixed-code documents. The method involves automatically generating sets of target-language words from training data in specific domains, automatically selecting target words for effectiveness in retrieving documents containing the sought-after translations. At run time, the given term is transformed into an expanded query and submitted to a search engine, and ranked translations are extracted from the document snippets returned by the search engine. We present a prototype, TermMine, which applies the method to a Web search engine. Evaluations over a set of domains and terms show that TermMine outperforms state-of-the-art machine translation systems.

null

84,815

inproceedings

xu-seneff-2008-two

Two-Stage Translation: A Combined Linguistic and Statistical Machine Translation Framework

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-papers.21/

Xu, Yushi and Seneff, Stephanie

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Research Papers

222--231

We propose a two-stage system for spoken language machine translation. In the first stage, the source sentence is parsed and paraphrased into an intermediate language which retains the words in the source language but follows the word order of the target language as much as feasible. This stage is mostly linguistic. In the second stage, a statistical MT is performed to translate the intermediate language into the target language. For the task of English-to-Mandarin translation, we achieved a 2.5 increase in BLEU score and a 45{\%} decrease in GIZA-Alignment Crossover, on IWSLT-06 data. In a human evaluation of the sentences that differed, the two-stage system was preferred three times as often as the baseline.

null

84,816

inproceedings

ambati-lavie-2008-improving

Improving Syntax-Driven Translation Models by Re-structuring Divergent and Nonisomorphic Parse Tree Structures

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-srw.1/

Ambati, Vamshi and Lavie, Alon

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Student Research Workshop

235--244

Syntax-based approaches to statistical MT require syntax-aware methods for acquiring their underlying translation models from parallel data. This acquisition process can be driven by syntactic trees for either the source or target language, or by trees on both sides. Work to date has demonstrated that using trees for both sides suffers from severe coverage problems. This is primarily due to the highly restrictive space of constituent segmentations that the trees on two sides introduce, which adversely affects the recall of the resulting translation models. Approaches that project from trees on one side, on the other hand, have higher levels of recall, but suffer from lower precision, due to the lack of syntactically-aware word alignments. In this paper we explore the issue of lexical coverage of the translation models learned in both of these scenarios. We specifically look at how the non-isomorphic nature of the parse trees for the two languages affects recall and coverage. We then propose a novel technique for restructuring target parse trees, that generates highly isomorphic target trees that preserve the syntactic boundaries of constituents that were aligned in the original parse trees. We evaluate the translation models learned from these restructured trees and show that they are significantly better than those learned using trees on both sides and trees on one side.

null

84,817

inproceedings

fossum-knight-2008-using

Using Bilingual {C}hinese-{E}nglish Word Alignments to Resolve {PP}-attachment Ambiguity in {E}nglish

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-srw.2/

Fossum, Victoria and Knight, Kevin

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Student Research Workshop

245--253

Errors in English parse trees impact the quality of syntax-based MT systems trained using those parses. Frequent sources of error for English parsers include PP-attachment ambiguity, NP-bracketing ambiguity, and coordination ambiguity. Not all ambiguities are preserved across languages. We examine a common type of ambiguity in English that is not preserved in Chinese: given a sequence {\textquotedblleft}VP NP PP{\textquotedblright}, should the PP be attached to the main verb, or to the object noun phrase? We present a discriminative method for exploiting bilingual Chinese-English word alignments to resolve this ambiguity in English. On a held-out test set of Chinese-English parallel sentences, our method achieves 86.3{\%} accuracy on this PP-attachment disambiguation task, an improvement of 4{\%} over the accuracy of the baseline Collins parser (82.3{\%}).

null

84,818

inproceedings

hildebrand-vogel-2008-combination

Combination of Machine Translation Systems via Hypothesis Selection from Combined N-Best Lists

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-srw.3/

Hildebrand, Almut Silja and Vogel, Stephan

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Student Research Workshop

254--261

Different approaches in machine translation achieve similar translation quality with a variety of translations in the output. Recently it has been shown, that it is possible to leverage the individual strengths of various systems and improve the overall translation quality by combining translation outputs. In this paper we present a method of hypothesis selection which is relatively simple compared to system combination methods which construct a synthesis of the input hypotheses. Our method uses information from n-best lists from several MT systems and features on the sentence level which are independent from the MT systems involved to improve the translation quality.

null

84,819

inproceedings

lagoudaki-2008-value

The Value of Machine Translation for the Professional Translator

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-srw.4/

Lagoudaki, Elina

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Student Research Workshop

262--269

More and more Translation Memory (TM) systems nowadays are fortified with machine translation (MT) techniques to enable them to propose a translation to the translator when no match is found in his TM resources. The system attempts this by assembling a combination of terms from its terminology database, translations from its memory, and even portions of them. This paper reviews the most popular commercial TM systems with integrated MT techniques and explores their usefulness based on the perceived practical benefits brought to their users. Feedback from translators reveals a variety of attitudes towards machine translation, with some supporting and others contradicting several points of conventional wisdom regarding the relationship between machine translation and human translators.

null

84,820

inproceedings

schlippe-etal-2008-diacritization

Diacritization as a Machine Translation and as a Sequence Labeling Problem

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-srw.5/

Schlippe, Tim and Nguyen, ThuyLinh and Vogel, Stephan

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Student Research Workshop

270--278

In this paper we describe and compare two techniques for the automatic diacritization of Arabic text: First, we treat diacritization as a monotone machine translation problem, proposing and evaluating several translation and language models, including word and character-based models separately and combined as well as a model which uses statistical machine translation (SMT) to post-edit a rule-based diacritization system. Then we explore a more traditional view of diacritization as a sequence labeling problem, and propose a solution using conditional random fields (Lafferty et al., 2001). All these techniques are compared through word error rate and diacritization error rate both in terms of full diacritization and ignoring vowel endings. The empirical experiments showed that the machine translation approaches perform better than the sequence labeling approaches concerning the error rates.

null

84,821

inproceedings

schwartz-2008-multi

Multi-Source Translation Methods

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-srw.6/

Schwartz, Lane

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Student Research Workshop

279--288

Multi-parallel corpora provide a potentially rich resource for machine translation. This paper surveys existing methods for utilizing such resources, including hypothesis ranking and system combination techniques. We find that despite significant research into system combination, relatively little is know about how best to translate when multiple parallel source languages are available. We provide results to show that the MAX multilingual multi-source hypothesis ranking method presented by Och and Ney (2001) does not reliably improve translation quality when a broad range of language pairs are considered. We also show that the PROD multilingual multi-source hypothesis ranking method of Och and Ney (2001) cannot be used with standard phrase-based translation engines, due to a high number of unreachable hypotheses. Finally, we present an oracle experiment which shows that current hypothesis ranking methods fall far short of the best results reachable via sentence-level ranking.

null

84,822

inproceedings

andrews-summers-2008-machine

Machine Translation for Triage and Exploitation of Massive Text Data

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.1/

Andrews, James E. and Summers, Kristen

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

291--298

The National Ground Intelligence Center (NGIC) collects massive quantities of textual data in foreign languages. To support exploitation in light of intelligence requirements, a triage process must be applied to this data as those requirements emerge, to identify the most useful data for further exploitation. Machine translation provides critical support for this triage. This paper outlines the types of collected data and the different challenges they present for machine translation, as well as the types of triage to support for collections of this nature, and the issues raised for machine translation by those uses.

null

84,823

inproceedings

blench-2008-global

Global Public Health Intelligence Network ({GPHIN})

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.2/

Blench, Michael

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

299--303

GPHIN is a secure Internet-based {\textquotedblleft}early warning{\textquotedblright} system that gathers preliminary reports of public health significance on a near {\textquotedblleft}real-time{\textquotedblright} basis, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This unique multilingual system gathers and disseminates relevant information on disease outbreaks and other public health events by monitoring global media sources such as news wires and web sites. This monitoring is done in nine languages with machine translation being used to translate non-English articles into English and English articles into the other languages. The information is filtered for relevancy by an automated process which is then complemented by human analysis. The output is categorized and made accessible to users. Notifications about public health events that may have serious public health consequences are immediately forwarded to users. GPHIN is managed by the Public Health Agency of Canada`s Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response (CEPR), which was created in July 2000 to serve as Canada`s central coordinating point for public health security. It is considered a centre of expertise in the area of civic emergencies including natural disasters and malicious acts with health repercussions.

null

84,824

inproceedings

bond-etal-2008-sharing

Sharing User Dictionaries Across Multiple Systems with {UTX}-{S}

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.3/

Bond, Francis and Okura, Seiji and Yamamoto, Yuji and Murata, Toshiki and Uchimoto, Kiyotaka and Kato, Michael and Shimazu, Miwako and Suzuki, Tsugiyoshi

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

304--313

Careful tuning of user-created dictionaries is indispensable when using a machine translation system for computer aided translation. However, there is no widely used standard for user dictionaries in the Japanese/English machine translation market. To address this issue, AAMT (the Asia-Pacific Association for Machine Translation) has established a specification of sharable dictionaries (UTX-S: Universal Terminology eXchange -- Simple), which can be used across different machine translation systems, thus increasing the interoperability of language resources. UTX-S is simpler than existing specifications such as UPF and OLIF. It was explicitly designed to make it easy to (a) add new user dictionaries and (b) share existing user dictionaries. This facilitates rapid user dictionary production and avoids vendor tie in. In this study we describe the UTX-Simple (UTX-S) format, and show that it can be converted to the user dictionary formats for five commercial English-Japanese MT systems. We then present a case study where we (a) convert an on-line glossary to UTX-S, and (b) produce user dictionaries for five different systems, and then exchange them. The results show that the simplified format of UTX-S can be used to rapidly build dictionaries. Further, we confirm that customized user dictionaries are effective across systems, although with a slight loss in quality: on average, user dictionaries improved the translations for 44.8{\%} of translations with the systems they were built for and 37.3{\%} of translations for different systems. In ongoing work, AAMT is using UTX-S as the format in building up a user community for producing, sharing, and accumulating user dictionaries in a sustainable way.

null

84,825

inproceedings

kanzaki-etal-2008-many

Many-to-Many Multilingual Medical Speech Translation on a {PDA}

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.4/

Kanzaki, Kyoko and Nakao, Yukie and Rayner, Manny and Santaholma, Marianne and Starlander, Marianne and Tsourakis, Nikos

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

null

Particularly considering the requirement of high reliability, we argue that the most appropriate architecture for a medical speech translator that can be realised using today`s technology combines unidirectional (doctor to patient) translation, medium-vocabulary controlled language coverage, interlingua-based translation, an embedded help component, and deployability on a hand-held hardware platform. We present an overview of the Open Source MedSLT prototype, which has been developed in accordance with these design principles. The system is implemented on top of the Regulus and Nuance 8.5 platforms, translates patient examination questions for all language pairs in the set {\{}English, French, Japanese, Arabic, Catalan{\}}, using vocabularies of about 400 to 1 100 words, and can be run in a distributed client/server environment, where the client application is hosted on a Nokia Internet Tablet device.

null

84,826

inproceedings

decamp-2008-working

Working with the {US} Government: Information Resources

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.6/

DeCamp, Jennifer

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

334--338

This document provides information on how companies and researchers in machine translation can work with the U.S. Government. Specifically, it addresses information on (1) groups in the U.S. Government working with translation and potentially having a need for machine translation; (2) means for companies and researchers to provide information to the United States Government about their work; and (3) U.S. Government organizations providing grants of possible interest to this community.

null

84,828

inproceedings

desilets-etal-2008-reliable

Reliable Innovation: A Tecchie`s Travels in the Land of Translators

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.7/

D{\'e}silets, Alain and Brunette, Louise and Melan{\c{c}}on, Christiane and Patenaude, Genevi{\`e}ve

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

339--345

Machine Translation (MT) is rapidly progressing towards quality levels that might make it appropriate for broad user populations in a range of scenarios, including gisting and post-editing in unconstrained domains. For this to happen, the field may however need to switch gear and move away from its current technology driven paradigm to a more user-centered approach. In this paper, we discuss how ethnographic techniques like Contextual Inquiry could help in that respect, by providing researchers and developers with rich information about the world and needs of potential end-users. We discuss how data from Contextual Inquiries with professional translators was used to concretely and positively influence several research and development projects in the area of Computer Assisted Translation technology. These inquiries had many benefits, including: (i) grounding developers and researchers in the world of their end-users, (ii) generating new technology ideas, (iii) selecting between competing development project ideas, (iv) finding how to alleviate friction for important ideas that go against the grain of current user practices, (v) evaluating existing or experimental technologies, (vi) helping with micro level design decision, (vii) building credibility with translators, and (viii) fostering multidisciplinary discussion between researchers.

null

84,829

inproceedings

doyon-etal-2008-automated

Automated Machine Translation Improvement Through Post-Editing Techniques: Analyst and Translator Experiments

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.8/

Doyon, Jennifer and Doran, Christine and Means, C. Donald and Parr, Domenique

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

346--353

From the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALP AC) (Pierce et al., 1966) machine translation (MT) evaluations of the {\textquoteleft}60s to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Global Autonomous Language Exploitation (GALE) (Olive, 2008) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (NIST, 2008) MT evaluations of today, the U.S. Government has been instrumental in establishing measurements and baselines for the state-of-the-art in MT engines. In the same vein, the Automated Machine Translation Improvement Through Post-Editing Techniques (PEMT) project sought to establish a baseline of MT engines based on the perceptions of potential users. In contrast to these previous evaluations, the PEMT project`s experiments also determined the minimal quality level output needed to achieve before users found the output acceptable. Based on these findings, the PEMT team investigated using post-editing techniques to achieve this level. This paper will present experiments in which analysts and translators were asked to evaluate MT output processed with varying post-editing techniques. The results show at what level the analysts and translators find MT useful and are willing to work with it. We also establish a ranking of the types of post-edits necessary to elevate MT output to the minimal acceptance level.

null

84,830

inproceedings

friedman-strassel-2008-identifying

Identifying Common Challenges for Human and Machine Translation: A Case Study from the {GALE} Program

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.10/

Friedman, Lauren and Strassel, Stephanie

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

364--369

The dramatic improvements shown by statistical machine translation systems in recent years clearly demonstrate the benefits of having large quantities of manually translated parallel text for system training and development. And while many competing evaluation metrics exist to evaluate MT technology, most of those methods also crucially rely on the existence of one or more high quality human translations to benchmark system performance. Given the importance of human translations in this framework, understanding the particular challenges of human translation-for-MT is key, as is comprehending the relative strengths and weaknesses of human versus machine translators in the context of an MT evaluation. Vanni (2000) argued that the metric used for evaluation of competence in human language learners may be applicable to MT evaluation; we apply similar thinking to improve the prediction of MT performance, which is currently unreliable. In the current paper we explore an alternate model based upon a set of genre-defining features that prove to be consistently challenging for both humans and MT systems.

null

84,832

inproceedings

gotti-etal-2008-automatic

Automatic Translation of Court Judgments

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.11/

Gotti, Fabrizio and Lapalme, Guy and Macklovitch, Elliott and Farzindar, Atefeh

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

370--379

This document presents an experiment in the automatic translation of Canadian Court judgments from English to French and from French to English. We show that although the language used in this type of legal text is complex and specialized, an SMT system can produce intelligible and useful translations, provided that the system can be trained on a vast amount of legal text. We also describe the results of a human evaluation of the output of the system.

null

84,833

inproceedings

holland-keyes-2008-clipperrss

{C}lipper{RSS}: A Light-Weight Prototype for the Cross-language Exploitation of Syndicated Feeds

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.13/

Holland, Rod and Keyes, Brenden

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

390--393

Syndicated feeds in RSS, Atom, and related formats have emerged as ubiquitous information sources in World Wide Web language communities including Arabic, Farsi, Chinese, and others, providing subscribers with timely updates on topics of particular interest. We have modified an existing Open Source RSS reader, Sage, for cross-language use, permitting English-speakers to discover, subscribe to, update, and browse RSS feeds in ten languages. This early prototype, called Clip- perRSS, has been integrated with the Clipper cross-language information retrieval tool. The integrated system provides English-speakers with an effective means of exploring the potential of foreign-language syndicated feeds in their domains of interest.

null

84,835

inproceedings

hurst-2008-trends

Trends in automated translation in today`s global business

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.14/

Hurst, Sophie

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

394--396

SDL, in association with the International Association for Machine Translation (IAMT) and Association for Machine Translation Americas (AMTA), ran a survey which was completed by over 385 individuals in global businesses. The results were fascinating and definitely show an increased interest in the use of automated translation over the last two years.

null

84,836

inproceedings

laugher-macleod-2008-machine

Machine Translation for {I}ndonesian and {T}agalog

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.15/

Laugher, Brianna and MacLeod, Ben

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

397--401

Kataku is a hybrid MT system for Indonesian to English and English to Indonesian translation, available on Windows, Linux and web-based platforms. This paper briefly presents the technical background to Kataku, some of its use cases and extensions. Kataku is the flagship product of ToggleText, a language technology company based in Melbourne, Australia.

null

84,837

inproceedings

macklovitch-etal-2008-transsearch

{T}rans{S}earch: What are translators looking for?

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.17/

Macklovitch, Elliott and Lapalme, Guy and Gotti, Fabrizio

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

412--419

Notwithstanding machine translation`s impressive progress over the last decade, many translators remain convinced that the output of even the best MT systems is not sufficient to facilitate the production of publication-quality texts. To increase their productivity they turn instead to translator support tools. We examine the use of one such tool: TransSearch, an online bilingual concordancer. From the millions of requests stored in the system`s logs over a 6-year period, we extracted and analyzed the most frequently submitted queries, in an effort to characterize the kinds of problems for which translators turn to this system for help. What we discover, somewhat surprisingly, is that our system seems particularly well-suited to help translate highly polysemous adverbials and prepositional phrases.

null

84,839

inproceedings

powell-blodgett-2008-use

The Use of Machine-generated Transcripts during Human Translation

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.19/

Powell, Allison L. and Blodgett, Allison

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

427--434

At the request of the USG National Virtual Translation Center, the University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language conducted a study that assessed the role of several factors mediating transcript usefulness during translation tasks. These factors included source language (Mandarin or Modern Standard Arabic), native speaker status of the translators, transcript quality (low or moderate word error rate), and transcript functionality (static or dynamic). Using 54 Mandarin and 54 Arabic translators (half native speakers in each language) and broadcast news clips for input, the study demonstrated that translation environments that provide dynamic transcripts with low or moderate word error rates are likely to improve performance (measured as integrated speed and accuracy scores) among non-native speakers without decreasing performance among native speakers.

null

84,841

inproceedings

macpherson-etal-2008-meeting

Meeting Army Foreign language Requirements with the Aid of Machine Translation

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.20/

MacPherson, Cecil and Rollis, Devin and Zehmisch, Irene

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

435--439

The United States Army has a wide range of language requirements, varying greatly in both the number of requisite languages, and the complexity of the tasks for which language translation is crucial. Machine language translation will be an important part of the support needed to translate documents, monitor news media, and engage non-English speakers in conversation. The machine language translation community has made significant advances in the technology over the past several years, and the Army is looking to both support research and development, and to capitalize on the technology to improve communication and save lives. The Army Language Requirements Branch and the Sequoyah Program Office have received several requests from language technology developers for information on the direction and end-state goals of the Sequoyah program. In this paper, we will attempt to describe the Army`s language needs and to document requirements and goals for a machine language translation program.

null

84,842

inproceedings

sawaf-etal-2008-hybrid

Hybrid Machine Translation Applied to Media Monitoring

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.21/

Sawaf, Hassan and Gaskill, Braddock and Veronis, Michael

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

440--447

In this paper, a system is presented that recognizes spoken utterances in Arabic Dialects which are translated into text in English. The input is recorded from a broadcast channel and recognized using automatic speech recognition that recognize Modern Standard Arabic and Iraqi Colloquial Arabic. The recognized utterances are normalized into Modern Standard Arabic and the output of this Modern Standard Arabic interlingua is then translated by a hybrid machine translation system, combining statistical and rule-based features.

null

84,843

inproceedings

schutz-2008-artificial

Artificial Cognitive {MT} Post-Editing Intelligence

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.22/

Sch{\"utz, J{\"org

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

448--453

Post-editing (PE) is a necessary process in every MT deployment environment. The compe{\-}tences needed for PE are traditionally seen as a subset of a human translator`s competence. Meanwhile, some companies are accepting that the PE process involves self-standing linguistic tasks, which need their own training efforts and appropriate software tool support. To date, we still lack recorded qualitatively and quantitatively PE user-activity data that adequately describe the tasks and in particular the human cognitive processes accomplished. This data is needed to effectively model, de{\-}sign and implement supportive software sys{\-}tems which, on the one hand, efficiently guide the human post-editor and enhance her cogni{\-}tive capabilities, and on the other hand, have a certain influence on the translation perfor{\-}mance and competence of the employed MT system. In this paper we argue for a frame{\-}work of practices to describe the PE process by correlating data obtained in laboratory ex{\-}periments and augmented by additional data from different resources such as interviews and mathematical prediction models with the tasks fulfilled, and to model the identified pro{\-}cess in a multi-facetted fashion as a basis for the implementation of a human PE-aware in{\-}teractive software system.

null

84,844

inproceedings

van-ess-dykema-etal-2008-embedding

Embedding Technology at the front end of the Human Translation Workflow: An {NVTC} Vision

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.24/

van Ess-Dykema, Carol and Gigley, Helen G. and Lewis, Stephen and Vancho Bannister, Emily

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

457--463

This paper describes the strategic vision for a new translation management workflow for the US Government`s National Virtual Translation Center (NVTC). The paper also describes past, current, and planned experiments validating the vision, along with experiment results to-date. The most salient features of the new workflow include the embedding of translation technology at the front end of the workflow (e.g., translation memory technology, specialized lexicons, and machine translation), technology-generated {\textquotedblleft}seed translation{\textquotedblright}, a new human work role called {\textquotedblleft}paralinguist{\textquotedblright} to assess the {\textquotedblleft}seed translation{\textquotedblright} and assign an appropriate translator/post-editor, and new human translation strategies including federated search of online dictionaries and collaborative translation.

null

84,846

inproceedings

yamamoto-etal-2008-applicability

Applicability of Resource-based Machine Translation to Airplane Manuals

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-govandcom.25/

Yamamoto, Eiko and Terada, Akira and Isahara, Hitoshi

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Government and Commercial Uses of MT

464--469

Machine translation (MT) has been studied and developed since the advent of computers, and yet is rarely used in actual business. For business use, rule-based MT has been developed, but it requires rules and a domain-specific dictionary that have been created manually. On the other hand, as huge amounts of text data have become available, corpus-based MT has been actively studied, particularly corpus-based statistical machine translation (SMT). In this study, we tested and verified the usefulness of SMT for aviation manuals. Manuals tend to be similar and repetitive, so SMT is powerful even with a small amount of training data. Although our experiments with SMT are at the preliminary stage, the BLEU score is high. SMT appears to be a powerful and promising technique in this domain.

null

84,847

inproceedings

bemish-2008-mt

Can {MT} really help the Department of Defense?

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-additional.1/

Bemish, Nicholas

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Additional Papers

null

The DoD already makes extensive use of machine translation and language support tools in a many environments to address a variety of communications, training, and intelligence challenges, and has done so for over 30 years. Mr. Bemish draws on his personal experience deploying MT, as well as his broad exposure to how translation technology is used in the branches of service and in military intelligence, to describe current uses of translation technology across a range of organizations within the DoD. He also addresses the technical issues that slow deployment and the cultural challenges involved in setting expectations and introducing technology that changes the way people work.

null

84,849

inproceedings

decamp-2008-language

Language Technology Resource Center

null

oct # " 21-25"

2008

Waikiki, USA

Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2008.amta-additional.2/

DeCamp, Jennifer

Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: Additional Papers

null

This paper describes the Language Technology Resource Center (LTRC), a U.S. Government website for providing information and tools for users of languages (e.g., translators, analysts, etc.) The LTRC provides information on a broad range of products and tools, and provides a means for product developers and researchers to provide the U.S. Government and the public with information about their work. The LTRC is part of the Foreign Language Resource Center (FLRC) program, which provides support to Government and professional organizations regarding language tools.

null

84,850

inproceedings

georgescul-etal-2007-exploiting

Exploiting structural meeting-specific features for topic segmentation

Hathout, Nabil and Muller, Philippe

jun

2007

Toulouse, France

ATALA

https://aclanthology.org/2007.jeptalnrecital-long.1/

Georgescul, Maria and Clarck, Alexander and Armstrong, Susan

Actes de la 14{\`e}me conf{\'e}rence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles. Articles longs

15--24

In this article we address the task of automatic text structuring into linear and non-overlapping thematic episodes. Our investigation reports on the use of various lexical, acoustic and syntactic features, and makes a comparison of how these features influence performance of automatic topic segmentation. Using datasets containing multi-party meeting transcriptions, we base our experiments on a proven state-of-the-art approach using support vector classification.

null

86,332

inproceedings

frunza-inkpen-2007-tool

A tool for detecting {F}rench-{E}nglish cognates and false friends

Hathout, Nabil and Muller, Philippe

jun

2007

Toulouse, France

ATALA

https://aclanthology.org/2007.jeptalnrecital-long.8/

Frunza, Oana and Inkpen, Diana

Actes de la 14{\`e}me conf{\'e}rence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles. Articles longs

85--94

Cognates are pairs of words in different languages similar in spelling and meaning. They can help a second-language learner on the tasks of vocabulary expansion and reading comprehension. False friends are pairs of words that have similar spelling but different meanings. Partial cognates are pairs of words in two languages that have the same meaning in some, but not all contexts. In this article we present a method to automatically classify a pair of words as cognates or false friends, by using several measures of orthographic similarity as features for classification. We use this method to create complete lists of cognates and false friends between two languages. We also disambiguate partial cognates in context. We applied all our methods to French and English, but they can be applied to other pairs of languages as well. We built a tool that takes the produced lists and annotates a French text with equivalent English cognates or false friends, in order to help second-language learners improve their reading comprehension skills and retention rate.

null

86,339

inproceedings

malaise-etal-2007-disambiguating

Disambiguating automatic semantic annotation based on a thesaurus structure

Hathout, Nabil and Muller, Philippe

jun

2007

Toulouse, France

ATALA

https://aclanthology.org/2007.jeptalnrecital-long.18/

Malais{\'e}, V{\'e}ronique and Gazendam, Luit and Brugman, Hennie

Actes de la 14{\`e}me conf{\'e}rence sur le Traitement Automatique des Langues Naturelles. Articles longs

185--194

The use/use for relationship a thesaurus is usually more complex than the (para-) synonymy recommended in the ISO-2788 standard describing the content of these controlled vocabularies. The fact that a non preferred term can refer to multiple preferred terms (only the latter are relevant in controlled indexing) makes this relationship difficult to use in automatic annotation applications : it generates ambiguity cases. In this paper, we present the CARROT algorithm, meant to rank the output of our Information Extraction pipeline, and how this algorithm can be used to select the relevant preferred term out of different possibilities. This selection is meant to provide suggestions of keywords to human annotators, in order to ease and speed up their daily process and is based on the structure of their thesaurus. We achieve a 95 {\%} success, and discuss these results along with perspectives for this experiment.

null

86,349

inproceedings

fordyce-2007-overview

Overview of the {IWSLT} 2007 evaluation campaign

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.1/

Fordyce, Cameron Shaw

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper we give an overview of the 2007 evaluation campaign for the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT)1. As with previous evaluation campaigns, the primary focus of the workshop was the translation of spoken language in the travel domain. This year there were four language pairs; the translation of Chinese, Italian, Arabic, and Japanese into English. The input data consisted of the output of ASR systems for read speech and clean text. The exceptions were the challenge task of the Italian English language pair which used spontaneous speech ASR outputs and transcriptions and the Chinese English task which used only clean text. A new characteristic of this year`s evaluation campaign was an increased focus on the sharing of resources. Participants were requested to submit the data and supplementary resources used in building their systems so that the other participants might be able to take advantage of the same resources. A second new characteristic this year was the focus on the human evaluation of systems. Each primary run was judged in the human evaluation for every task using a straightforward ranking of systems. This year`s workshop saw an increased participation over last year`s workshop. This year 24 groups submitted runs to one or more of the tasks, compared to the 19 groups that submitted runs last year [1]. Automatic and human evaluation were carried out to measure MT performance under each condition, ASR system outputs for read speech, spontaneous travel dialogues, and clean text.

null

86,424

inproceedings

perez-etal-2007-comparison

A comparison of linguistically and statistically enhanced models for speech-to-speech machine translation

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.2/

P{\'e}rez, Alicia and Guijarrubia, V{\'i}ctor and Justo, Raquel and Torres, M. In{\'e}s and Casacuberta, Francisco

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

The goal of this work is to improve current translation models by taking into account additional knowledge sources such as semantically motivated segmentation or statistical categorization. Specifically, two different approaches are discussed. On the one hand, phrase-based approach, and on the other hand, categorization. For both approaches, both statistical and linguistic alternatives are explored. As for translation framework, finite-state transducers are considered. These are versatile models that can be easily integrated on-the-fly with acoustic models for speech translation purposes. In what the experimental framework concerns, all the models presented were evaluated and compared taking confidence intervals into account.

null

86,425

inproceedings

zhang-etal-2007-improved

Improved chunk-level reordering for statistical machine translation

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.3/

Zhang, Yuqi and Zens, Richard and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

Inspired by previous chunk-level reordering approaches to statistical machine translation, this paper presents two methods to improve the reordering at the chunk level. By introducing a new lattice weighting factor and by reordering the training source data, an improvement is reported on TER and BLEU. Compared to the previous chunklevel reordering approach, the BLEU score improves 1.4{\%} absolutely. The translation results are reported on IWSLT Chinese-English task.

null

86,426

inproceedings

bach-etal-2007-cmu

The {CMU} {T}rans{T}ac 2007 eyes-free two-way speech-to-speech translation system

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.4/

Bach, Nguyen and Eck, Matthais and Charoenpornsawat, Paisarn and K{\"ohler, Thilo and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Nguyen, ThuyLinh and Hsiao, Roger and Waibel, Alex and Vogel, Stephan and Schultz, Tanja and Black, Alan W.

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

The paper describes our portable two-way speech-to-speech translation system using a completely eyes-free/hands-free user interface. This system translates between the language pair English and Iraqi Arabic as well as between English and Farsi, and was built within the framework of the DARPA TransTac program. The Farsi language support was developed within a 90-day period, testing our ability to rapidly support new languages. The paper gives an overview of the system`s components along with the individual component objective measures and a discussion of issues relevant for the overall usage of the system. We found that usability, flexibility, and robustness serve as severe constraints on system architecture and design.

null

86,427

inproceedings

schroeder-koehn-2007-university

The {U}niversity of {E}dinburgh system description for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.6/

Schroeder, Josh and Koehn, Philipp

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

We present the University of Edinburgh`s submission for the IWSLT 2007 shared task. Our efforts focused on adapting our statistical machine translation system to the open data conditions for the Italian-English task of the evaluation campaign. We examine the challenges of building a system with a limited set of in-domain development data (SITAL), a small training corpus in a related but distinct domain (BTEC), and a large out of domain corpus (Europarl). We concentrated on the corrected text track, and present additional results of our experiments using the open-source Moses MT system with speech input.

null

86,429

inproceedings

lepage-lardilleux-2007-greyc

The {GREYC} machine translation system for the {IWSLT} 2007 evaluation campaign

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.7/

Lepage, Yves and Lardilleux, Adrien

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

The GREYC machine translation (MT) system is a slight evolution of the ALEPH machine translation system that participated in the IWLST 2005 campaign. It is a pure example-based MT system that exploits proportional analogies. The training data used for this campaign were limited on purpose to the sole data provided by the organizers. However, the training data were expanded with the results of sub-sentential alignments. Thesystemparticipatedinthetwoclassicaltasks of translation of manually transcribed texts from Japanese to English and Arabic to English.

null

86,430

inproceedings

chen-etal-2007-i2r

{I}2{R} {C}hinese-{E}nglish translation system for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.8/

Chen, Boxing and Sun, Jun and Jiang, Hongfei and Zhang, Min and Aw, Ai Ti

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper, we describe the system and approach used by Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) for the IWSLT 2007 spoken language evaluation campaign. A multi-pass approach is exploited to generate and select best translation. First, we use two decoders namely the open source Moses and an in-home syntax-based decoder to generate N-best lists. Next we spawn new translation entries through a word-based n-gram language model estimated on the former N-best entries. Finally, we join the N-best lists from the previous two passes, and select the best translation by rescoring them with additional feature functions. In particular, this paper reports our effort on new translation entry generation and system combination. The performance on development and test sets are reported. The system was ranked first with respect to the BLEU measure in Chinese-to-English open data track.

null

86,431

inproceedings

lane-etal-2007-cmu

The {CMU}-{UKA} statistical machine translation systems for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.9/

Lane, Ian and Zollmann, Andreas and Nguyen, Thuy Linh and Bach, Nguyen and Venugopal, Ashish and Vogel, Stephan and Rottmann, Kay and Zhang, Ying and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes the CMU-UKA statistical machine translation systems submitted to the IWSLT 2007 evaluation campaign. Systems were submitted for three language-pairs: Japanese{\textrightarrow}English, Chinese{\textrightarrow}English and Arabic{\textrightarrow}English. All systems were based on a common phrase-based SMT (statistical machine translation) framework but for each language-pair a specific research problem was tackled. For Japanese{\textrightarrow}English we focused on two problems: first, punctuation recovery, and second, how to incorporate topic-knowledge into the translation framework. Our Chinese{\textrightarrow}English submission focused on syntax-augmented SMT and for the Arabic{\textrightarrow}English task we focused on incorporating morphological-decomposition into the SMT framework. This research strategy enabled us to evaluate a wide variety of approaches which proved effective for the language pairs they were evaluated on.

null

86,432

inproceedings

hassan-etal-2007-matrex

{M}a{T}r{E}x: the {DCU} machine translation system for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.10/

Hassan, Hany and Ma, Yanjun and Way, Andy

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper, we give a description of the machine translation system developed at DCU that was used for our second participation in the evaluation campaign of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT 2007). In this participation, we focus on some new methods to improve system quality. Specifically, we try our word packing technique for different language pairs, we smooth our translation tables with out-of-domain word translations for the Arabic{--}English and Chinese{--}English tasks in order to solve the high number of out of vocabulary items, and finally we deploy a translation-based model for case and punctuation restoration. We participated in both the classical and challenge tasks for the following translation directions: Chinese{--}English, Japanese{--}English and Arabic{--}English. For the last two tasks, we translated both the single-best ASR hypotheses and the correct recognition results; for Chinese{--}English, we just translated the correct recognition results. We report the results of the system for the provided evaluation sets, together with some additional experiments carried out following identification of some simple tokenisation errors in the official runs.

null

86,433

inproceedings

bertoldi-etal-2007-fbk

{FBK}@{IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.11/

Bertoldi, Nicola and Cettolo, Mauro and Cattoni, Roldano and Federico, Marcello

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper reports on the participation of FBK (formerly ITC-irst) at the IWSLT 2007 Evaluation. FBK participated in three tasks, namely Chinese-to-English, Japanese-to-English, and Italian-to-English. With respect to last year, translation systems were developed with the Moses Toolkit and the IRSTLM library, both available as open source software. Moreover, several novel ideas were investigated: the use of confusion networks in input to manage ambiguity in punctuation, the estimation of an additional language model by means of the Google`s Web 1T 5-gram collection, the combination of true case and lower case language models, and finally the use of multiple phrase-tables. By working on top of a state-of-the art baseline, experiments showed that the above methods accounted for significant BLEU score improvements.

null

86,434

inproceedings

shen-etal-2007-hkust

{HKUST} statistical machine translation experiments for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.12/

Shen, Yihai and Lo, Chi-kiu and Carpuat, Marine and Wu, Dekai

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes the HKUST experiments in the IWSLT 2007 evaluation campaign on spoken language translation. Our primary objective was to compare the open-source phrase-based statistical machine translation toolkit Moses against Pharaoh. We focused on Chinese to English translation, but we also report results on the Arabic to English, Italian to English, and Japanese to English tasks.

null

86,435

inproceedings

kirchhoff-yang-2007-university

The {U}niversity of {W}ashington machine translation system for the {IWSLT} 2007 competition

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.13/

Kirchhoff, Katrin and Yang, Mei

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper presents the University of Washington`s submission to the 2007 IWSLT benchmark evaluation. The UW system participated in two data tracks, Italian-to-English and Arabic-to-English. Our main focus was on incorporating out-of-domain data, which contributed to improvements for both language pairs in both the clean text and ASR output conditions. In addition, we compared supervised and semi-supervised preprocessing schemes for the Arabic-to-English task and found that the semi-supervised scheme performs competitively with the supervised algorithm while using a fraction of the run-time.

null

86,436

inproceedings

shen-etal-2007-mit

The {MIT}-{LL}/{AFRL} {IWSLT}-2007 {MT} system

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.14/

Shen, Wade and Delaney, Brian and Anderson, Tim and Slyh, Ray

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

The MIT-LL/AFRL MT system implements a standard phrase-based, statistical translation model. It incorporates a number of extensions that improve performance for speech-based translation. During this evaluation our efforts focused on the rapid porting of our SMT system to a new language (Arabic) and novel approaches to translation from speech input. This paper discusses the architecture of the MIT-LL/AFRL MT system, improvements over our 2006 system, and experiments we ran during the IWSLT-2007 evaluation. Specifically, we focus on 1) experiments comparing the performance of confusion network decoding and direct lattice decoding techniques for machine translation of speech, 2) the application of lightweight morphology for Arabic MT preprocessing and 3) improved confusion network decoding.

null

86,437

inproceedings

finch-etal-2007-nict

The {NICT}/{ATR} speech translation system for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.15/

Finch, Andrew and Denoual, Etienne and Okuma, Hideo and Paul, Michael and Yamamoto, Hirofumi and Yasuda, Keiji and Zhang, Ruiqiang and Sumita, Eiichiro

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes the NiCT-ATR statistical machine translation (SMT) system used for the IWSLT 2007 evaluation campaign. We participated in three of the four language pair translation tasks (CE, JE, and IE). We used a phrase-based SMT system using log-linear feature models for all tracks. This year we decoded from the ASR n-best lists in the JE track and found a gain in performance. We also applied some new techniques to facilitate the use of out-of-domain external resources by model combination and also by utilizing a huge corpus of n-grams provided by Google Inc.. Using these resources gave mixed results that depended on the technique also the language pair however, in some cases we achieved consistently positive results. The results from model-interpolation in particular were very promising.

null

86,438

inproceedings

watanabe-etal-2007-larger

Larger feature set approach for machine translation in {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.16/

Watanabe, Taro and Suzuki, Jun and Sudoh, Katsuhito and Tsukada, Hajime and Isozaki, Hideki

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

The NTT Statistical Machine Translation System employs a large number of feature functions. First, k-best translation candidates are generated by an efficient decoding method of hierarchical phrase-based translation. Second, the k-best translations are reranked. In both steps, sparse binary features {---} of the order of millions {---} are integrated during the search. This paper gives the details of the two steps and shows the results for the Evaluation campaign of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) 2007.

null

86,439

inproceedings

he-etal-2007-ict

The {ICT} statistical machine translation systems for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.17/

He, Zhongjun and Mi, Haitao and Liu, Yang and Xiong, Deyi and Luo, Weihua and Huang, Yun and Ren, Zhixiang and Lu, Yajuan and Liu, Qun

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper, we give an overview of the ICT statistical machine translation systems for the evaluation campaign of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) 2007. In this year`s evaluation, we participated in the Chinese-English transcript translation task, and developed three systems based on different techniques: a formally syntax-based system Bruin, an extended phrase-based system Confucius and a linguistically syntax-based system Lynx. We will describe the models of these three systems, and compare their performance in detail. We set Bruin as our primary system, which ranks 2 among the 15 primary results according to the official evaluation results.

null

86,440

inproceedings

alabau-etal-2007-using

Using word posterior probabilities in lattice translation

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.19/

Alabau, Vicente and Sanchis, Alberto and Casacuberta, Francisco

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper we describe the statistical machine translation system developed at ITI/UPV, which aims especially at speech recognition and statistical machine translation integration, for the evaluation campaign of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (2007). The system we have developed takes advantage of an improved word lattice representation that uses word posterior probabilities. These word posterior probabilities are then added as a feature to a log-linear model. This model includes a stochastic finite-state transducer which allows an easy lattice integration. Furthermore, it provides a statistical phrase-based reordering model that is able to perform local reorderings of the output. We have tested this model on the Italian-English corpus, for clean text, 1-best ASR and lattice ASR inputs. The results and conclusions of such experiments are reported at the end of this paper.

null

86,442

inproceedings

besacier-etal-2007-lig

The {LIG} {A}rabic/{E}nglish speech translation system at {IWSLT}07

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.20/

Besacier, Laurent and Mahdhaoui, Amar and Le, Viet-Bac

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper is a description of the system presented by the LIG laboratory to the IWSLT07 speech translation evaluation. The LIG participated, for the first time this year, in the Arabic to English speech translation task. For translation, we used a conventional statistical phrase-based system developed using the moses open source decoder. Our baseline MT system is described and we discuss particularly the use of an additional bilingual dictionary which seems useful when few training data is available. The main contribution of this paper concerns the proposal of a lattice decomposition algorithm that allows transforming a word lattice into a sub word lattice compatible with our MT model that uses word segmentation on the Arabic part. The lattice is then transformed into a confusion network which can be directly decoded into moses. The results show that this method outperforms the conventional 1-best translation which consists in translating only the most probable ASR hypothesis. The best BLEU score, from ASR output obtained on IWSLT06 evaluation data is 0.2253. The results confirm the interest of full CN decoding for speech translation, compared to traditional ASR 1-best approach. Our primary system was ranked 7/14 for IWSLT07 AE ASR task with a BLEU score of 0.3804.

null

86,443

inproceedings

chao-li-2007-nudt

{NUDT} machine translation system for {IWSLT}2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.21/

Chao, Wen-Han and Li, Zhou-Jun

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper, we describe our machine translation system which was used for the Chinese-to-English task in the IWSLT2007 evaluation campaign. The system is a statistical machine translation (SMT) system, while containing an example-based decoder. In this way, it will help to solve the re-ordering problem and other problems for spoken language MT, such as lots of omissions, idioms etc. We report the results of the system for the provided evaluation sets.

null

86,444

inproceedings

patry-etal-2007-mistral

{MISTRAL}: a lattice translation system for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.22/

Patry, Alexandre and Langlais, Philippe and B{\'e}chet, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes MISTRAL, the lattice translation system that we developed for the Italian-English track of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation 2007. MISTRAL is a discriminative phrase-based system that translates a source word lattice in two passes. The first pass extracts a list of top ranked sentence pairs from the lattice and the second pass rescores this list with more complex features. Our experiments show that our system, when translating pruned lattices, is at least as good as a fair baseline that translates the first ranked sentences returned by a speech recognition system.

null

86,445

inproceedings

murakami-etal-2007-statistical

Statistical machine translation using large {J}/{E} parallel corpus and long phrase tables

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.23/

Murakami, Jin{'}ichi and Tokuhisa, Masato and Ikehara, Satoru

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

Our statistical machine translation system that uses large Japanese-English parallel sentences and long phrase tables is described. We collected 698,973 Japanese-English parallel sentences, and we used long phrase tables. Also, we utilized general tools for statistical machine translation, such as {\textquotedblright}Giza++{\textquotedblright}[1], {\textquotedblright}moses{\textquotedblright}[2], and {\textquotedblright}training-phrasemodel.perl{\textquotedblright}[3]. We used these data and these tools, We challenge the contest for IWSLT07. In which task was the result (0.4321 BLEU) obtained.

null

86,446

inproceedings

chen-etal-2007-xmu

The {XMU} {SMT} system for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.24/

Chen, Yidong and Shi, Xiaodong and Zhou, Changle

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper, an overview of the XMU statistical machine translation (SMT) system for the 2007 IWSLT Speech Translation Evaluation is given. Our system is a phrase-based system with a reordering model based on chunking and reordering of source language. In this year`s evaluation, we participated in the open data track for Clean Transcripts for the Chinese-English translation direction. The system ranked the 12th among the 15 participating systems.

null

86,447

inproceedings

mauser-etal-2007-rwth

The {RWTH} machine translation system for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.25/

Mauser, Arne and Vilar, David and Leusch, Gregor and Zhang, Yuqi and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

The RWTH system for the IWSLT 2007 evaluation is a combination of several statistical machine translation systems. The combination includes Phrase-Based models, a n-gram translation model and a hierarchical phrase model. We describe the individual systems and the method that was used for combining the system outputs. Compared to our 2006 system, we newly introduce a hierarchical phrase-based translation model and show improvements in system combination for Machine Translation. RWTH participated in the Italian-to-English and Chinese-to-English translation directions.

null

86,448

inproceedings

lambert-etal-2007-talp

The {TALP} ngram-based {SMT} system for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.26/

Lambert, Patrik and Costa-juss{\`a}, Marta R. and Crego, Josep M. and Khalilov, Maxim and Mari{\~n}o, Jos{\'e} B. and Banchs, Rafael E. and Fonollosa, Jos{\'e} A. R. and Schwenk, Holger

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes TALPtuples, the 2007 N-gram-based statistical machine translation system developed at the TALP Research Center of the UPC (Universitat Polite`cnica de Catalunya) in Barcelona. Emphasis is put on improvements and extensions of the system of previous years. Mainly, these include optimizing alignment parameters in function of translation metric scores and rescoring with a neural network language model. Results on two translation directions are reported, namely from Arabic and Chinese into English, thoroughly explaining all language-related preprocessing and translation schemes.

null

86,449

inproceedings

mermer-etal-2007-tubitak

The {T{\"UB{\'ITAK-{UEKAE statistical machine translation system for {IWSLT 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.27/

Mermer, Co{\c{s}}kun and Kaya, Hamza and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

We describe the T{\"UBITAK-UEKAE system that participated in the Arabic-to-English and Japanese-to-English translation tasks of the IWSLT 2007 evaluation campaign. Our system is built on the open-source phrase-based statistical machine translation software Moses. Among available corpora and linguistic resources, only the supplied training data and an Arabic morphological analyzer are used in the system. We present the run-time lexical approximation method to cope with out-of-vocabulary words during decoding. We tested our system under both automatic speech recognition (ASR) and clean transcript (clean) input conditions. Our system was ranked first in both Arabic-to-English and Japanese-to-English tasks under the {\textquotedblleftclean{\textquotedblright condition.

null

86,450

inproceedings

dyer-2007-university

The {U}niversity of {M}aryland translation system for {IWSLT} 2007

null

oct # " 15-16"

2007

Trento, Italy

null

https://aclanthology.org/2007.iwslt-1.28/

Dyer, Christopher J.

Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes the University of Maryland statistical machine translation system used in the IWSLT 2007 evaluation. Our focus was threefold: using hierarchical phrase-based models in spoken language translation, the incorporation of sub-lexical information in model estimation via morphological analysis (Arabic) and word and character segmentation (Chinese), and the use of n-gram sequence models for source-side punctuation prediction. Our efforts yield significant improvements in Chinese-English and Arabic-English translation tasks for both spoken language and human transcription conditions.

null

86,451

inproceedings

gronnum-2006-danpass

{D}an{PASS} - A {D}anish Phonetically Annotated Spontaneous Speech Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1001/

Gr{\o}nnum, Nina

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

A corpus is described consisting of non-scripted monologues and dialogues, recorded by 22 speakers, comprising a total of about 70.000 words, corresponding to well over 10 hours of speech. The monologues were recorded as one-way communication with blind partner where the speaker performed three different tasks: (S)he described a network consisting of various geometrical shapes in various colours. (S)he guided the listener through four different routes in a virtual city map.(S)he instructed the listener how to build a house from its individual parts. The dialogues are replicas of the HCRC map tasks (\url{http://www.hcrc.ed.ac.uk/maptask/}). Annotation is performed in Praat. The sound files are segmented into prosodic phrases, words, and syllables, always to the nearest zero-crossing in the waveform. It is supplied, in seven separate interval tiers, with an orthographical transcription, detailed part-of-speech tags, simplified part-of-speech tags, a phonological transcription, a broad phonetic transcription, the pitch relation between each stressed and post-tonic syllable, the phrasal intonation, and an empty tier for comments.

null

87,673

inproceedings

wu-lowery-2006-hebrew

A {H}ebrew Tree Bank Based on Cantillation Marks

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1002/

Wu, Andi and Lowery, Kirk

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

In the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible (HB), the cantillation marks function like a punctuation system that shows the division and subdivision of each verse, forming a tree structure which is similar to the prosodic tree in modern linguistics. However, in the Masoretic text, the structure is hidden in a complicated set of diacritic symbols and the rich information is accessible only to a few trained scholars. In order to make the structural information available to the general public and to automatic processing by the computer, we built a tree bank where the hierarchical structure of each HB verse is explicitly represented in XML format. We coded the punctuation system in a context-tree grammar which was then used by a CYK parser to automatically generate trees for the whole HB. The results show that (1) the CFG correctly encoded the annotation rules and (2) the annotation done by the Masoretes is highly consistent.

null

87,674

inproceedings

chaudiron-mariani-2006-techno

Techno-langue: The {F}rench National Initiative for Human Language Technologies ({HLT})

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1003/

Chaudiron, St{\'e}phane and Mariani, Joseph

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

Techno-langue is the French National Program on HLT supported by the French Ministries in charge of Research, Industry and Culture. It addresses four action lines: creating basic language and software resources, organizing evaluation campaigns, participating in the standardization process and creating a Web Portal for disseminating information and surveys to a large audience. This paper presents the main results of the program and an ongoing initiative for launching a transnational program at the European level on a similar basis.

null

87,675

inproceedings

rayner-etal-2006-regulus

{REGULUS}: A Generic Multilingual Open Source Platform for Grammar-Based Speech Applications

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1004/

Rayner, Manny and Bouillon, Pierrette and Hockey, Beth Ann and Chatzichrisafis, Nikos

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

We present an overview of Regulus, an Open Source platform that supports corpus-based derivation of efficient domain-specific speech recognisers from general linguistically motivated unification grammars. We list available Open Source resources, which include compilers, resource grammars for various languages, documentation and a development environment. The greater part of the paper presents a series of experiments carried out using a medium-vocabulary medical speech translation application and a corpus of 801 recorded domain utterances, designed to investigate the impact on speech understanding performance of vocabulary size, grammatical coverage, presence or absence of various linguistic features, degree of generality of thegrammar and use or otherwise of probabilistic weighting in the CFGlanguage model. In terms of task accuracy, the most significant factors were the use of probabilistic weighting, the degree of generality of the grammar and the inclusion of features which model sortal restrictions.

null

87,676

inproceedings

berglund-etal-2006-extraction

Extraction of Temporal Information from Texts in {S}wedish

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1005/

Berglund, Anders and Johansson, Richard and Nugues, Pierre

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of a generic component to extract temporal information from texts in Swedish. It proceeds in two steps. The first step extracts time expressions and events, and generates a feature vector for each element it identifies. Using the vectors, the second step determines the temporal relations, possibly none, between the extracted events and orders them in time. We used a machine learning approach to find the relations between events. To run the learning algorithm, we collected a corpus of road accident reports from newspapers websites that we manually annotated. It enabled us to train decision trees and to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.

null

87,677

inproceedings

hlavacova-2006-new

New Approach to Frequency Dictionaries - {C}zech Example

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1006/

Hlav{\'a}{\v{c}}ov{\'a}, Jaroslava

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

On the example of the recent edition of the Frequency Dictionary of Czech wedescribe and explain some new general principles that should be followed forgetting better results for practical uses of frequency dictionaries. It ismainly adopting average reduced frequency instead of absolute frequency forordering items. The formula for calculation of the average reduced frequencyis presented in the contribution together with a brief explanation, including examples clarifying the difference between the measures. Then, the Frequency Dictionary of Czech and its parts are described.

null

87,678

inproceedings

bustamante-etal-2006-spell

A Spell Checker for a World Language: The New {M}icrosoft`s {S}panish Spell Checker

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1007/

Bustamante, Flora Ram{\'i}rez and Arnaiz, Alfredo and Gin{\'e}s, Mar

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper reports work carried out to develop a speller for Spanish at Microsoft Corporation, discusses the technique for isolated-word error correction used by the speller, provides general descriptions of the error data collection and error typology, and surveys a variety of linguistic considerations relevant when dealing with a world language spread over several countries and exposed to different language influences. We show that even though it has been claimed that the state of the art for practical applications based on isolated word error correction does not offer always a sensible set of ranked candidates for the misspelling, the introduction of a finer-grained categorization of errors and the use of their relative frequency has had a positive impact in the speller application developed for Spanish (the corresponding evaluation data is presented).

null

87,679

inproceedings

macklovitch-2006-transtype2

{T}rans{T}ype2 : The Last Word

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1008/

Macklovitch, Elliott

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper presents the results of the usability evaluations that were conducted within TransType2, an international R{\&}D project the goal of which was to develop a novel approach to interactive machine translation. We briefly sketch the TransType system and then describe the methodology that we elaborated for the five rounds of user trials that were held on the premises of two translation agencies over the last eighteen months of the project. We provide the productivity results posted by the six translators who tested the system and we also discuss some of the non-quantitative factors which influenced the users reaction to TransType.

null

87,680

inproceedings

saratxaga-etal-2006-designing

Designing and Recording an Emotional Speech Database for Corpus Based Synthesis in {B}asque

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1009/

Saratxaga, Ibon and Navas, Eva and Hern{\'a}ez, Inmaculada and Aholab, Iker

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper describes an emotional speech database recorded for standard Basque. The database has been designed with the twofold purpose of being used for corpus based synthesis, and also of allowing the study of prosodic models for the emotions. The database is thus large, to get good corpus based synthesis quality and contains the same texts recorded in the six basic emotions plus the neutral style. The recordings were carried out by two professional dubbing actors, a man and a woman. The paper explains the whole creation process, beginning with the design stage, following with the corpus creation and the recording phases, and finishing with some learned lessons and hints.

null

87,681

inproceedings

kokkinakis-2006-collection

Collection, Encoding and Linguistic Processing of a {S}wedish Medical Corpus - The {MEDLEX} Experience

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1010/

Kokkinakis, Dimitrios

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

Corpora annotated with structural and linguistic characteristics play a major role in nearly every area of language processing. During recent years a number of corpora and large data sets became known and available to research even in specialized fields such as medicine, but still however, targeted predominantly for the English language. This paper provides a description of the collection, encoding and linguistic processing of an ever growing Swedish medical corpus, the MEDLEX Corpus. MEDLEX consists of a variety of text-documents related to various medical text genres. The MEDLEX Corpus has been structurally annotated using the Corpus Encoding Standard for XML (XCES), lemmatized and automatically annotated with part-of-speech and semantic information (extended named entities and the Medical Subject Headings, MeSH, terminology). The results from the processing stages (part-of-speech, entities and terminology) have been merged into a single representation format and syntactically analysed using a cascaded finite state parser. Finally, the parsers results are converted into a tree structure that follows the TIGER-XML coding scheme, resulting a suitable for further exploration and fairly large Treebank of Swedish medical texts.

null

87,682

inproceedings

noguchi-etal-2006-new

A new approach to syntactic annotation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1011/

Noguchi, Masaki and Ichikawa, Hiroshi and Hashimoto, Taiichi and Tokunaga, Takenobu

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

Many systems have been developed for creating syntactically annotated corpora. However, they mainly focus on interface usability and hardly pay attention toknowledge sharing among annotators in the task. In order to incorporate the functionality of knowledge sharing, we emphasized the importance of normalizingthe annotation process. As a first step toward knowledge sharing, this paper proposes a method of system initiative annotation in which the system suggests annotators the order of ambiguities to solve. To be more concrete, the system forces annotators to solve ambiguity of constituent structure in a top-down and depth-first manner, and then to solve ambiguity of grammatical category in a bottom-up and breadth-first manner. We implemented the system on top of eBonsai, our annotation tool, and conducted experiments to compare eBonsai and the proposed system in terms of annotation accuracy and efficiency. We found that at least for novice annotators, the proposed system is more efficient while keeping annotation accuracy comparable with eBonsai.

null

87,683

inproceedings

tan-besacier-2006-french

A {F}rench Non-Native Corpus for Automatic Speech Recognition

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1012/

Tan, Tien-Ping and Besacier, Laurent

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology has achieved a level of maturity, where it is already practical to be used by novice users. However, most non-native speakers are still not comfortable with services including ASR systems, because of the accuracy on non-native speakers. This paper describes our approach in constructing a non-native corpus particularly in French for testing and adapting non-native speaker for automatic speech recognition. Finally, we also propose in this paper a method for detecting pronunciation variants and possible pronunciation mistakes by non-native speakers.

null

87,684

inproceedings

sanso-2006-documenting

Documenting variation across {E}urope and the Mediterranean: the {P}avia Typological Database

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1013/

Sans{\`o}, Andrea

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper describes the Pavia Typological Database (PTD), a follow-up to the MED-TYP database (Sans{\`o} 2004). The PTD is an ever-growing repository of primary linguistic data (words, clauses, sentences) documenting a number of morphosyntactic phenomena in the languages of Europe (and including in some cases languages from the Mediterranean area). Its prospective users are typologists wanting to access primary, typologically uninterpreted (but glossed) data, but also anyone interested in linguistic variation on a continental scale. The paper discusses the background and motivation for the creation of the PTD, its present coverage, the techniques used to annotate the primary data, and the general architecture of the database.

null

87,685

inproceedings

bahrani-etal-2006-building

Building and Incorporating Language Models for {P}ersian Continuous Speech Recognition Systems

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1014/

Bahrani, M. and Sameti, H. and Hafezi, N. and Movasagh, H.

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

In this paper building statistical language models for Persian language using a corpus and incorporating them in Persian continuous speech recognition (CSR) system are described. We used Persian Text Corpus for building the language models. First we preprocessed the texts of corpus by correcting the different orthography of words. Also, the number of POS tags was decreased by clustering POS tags manually. Then we extracted word based monogram and POS-based bigram and trigram language models from the corpus. We also present the procedure of incorporating language models in a Persian CSR system. By using the language models 27.4{\%} reduction in word error rate was achieved in the best case.

null

87,686

inproceedings

tongchim-etal-2006-blind

Blind Evaluation for {T}hai Search Engines

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1015/

Tongchim, Shisanu and Srichaivattana, Prapass and Sornlertlamvanich, Virach and Isahara, Hitoshi

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper compares the effectiveness of two different Thai search engines by using a blind evaluation. The probabilistic-based dictionary-less search engine is evaluated against the traditional word-based indexing method. The web documents from 12 Thai newspaper web sites consisting of 83,453 documents are used as the test collection. The relevance judgment is conducted on the first five returned results from each system. The evaluation process is completely blind. That is, the retrieved documents from both systems are shown to the judges without any information about thesearch techniques. Statistical testing shows that the dictionary-less approach is better than the word-based indexingapproach in terms of the number of found documents and the number of relevance documents.

null

87,687

inproceedings

matsumoto-etal-2006-annotated

An Annotated Corpus Management Tool: {C}ha{K}i

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1016/

Matsumoto, Yuji and Asahara, Masayuki and Hashimoto, Kiyota and Tono, Yukio and Ohtani, Akira and Morita, Toshio

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

Large scale annotated corpora are very important not only inlinguistic research but also in practical natural language processingtasks since a number of practical tools such as Part-of-speech (POS) taggers and syntactic parsers are now corpus-based or machine learning-based systems which require some amount of accurately annotated corpora. This article presents an annotated corpus management tool that provides various functions that include flexible search, statistic calculation, and error correction for linguistically annotated corpora. The target of annotation covers POS tags, base phrase chunks and syntactic dependency structures. This tool aims at helping development of consistent construction of lexicon and annotated corpora to be used by researchers both in linguists and language processing communities.

null

87,688

inproceedings

jouis-2006-hierarchical

Hierarchical Relationships {\textquotedblleft}is-a{\textquotedblright}: Distinguishing Belonging, Inclusion and Part/of Relationships.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1017/

Jouis, Christophe

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

In thesauri, conceptual structures or semantic networks, relationships are too often vague. For instance, in terminology, the relationships between concepts are often reduced to the distinction established by standard (ISO 704, 1987) and (ISO 1087, 1990) between hierarchical relationships (genus-species relationships and part/whole relationships) and non-hierarchical relationships (time, space, causal relationships, etc.). The semantics of relationships are vague because the principal users of these relationships are industrial actors (translators of technical handbooks, terminologists, data-processing specialists, etc.). Nevertheless, the consistency of the models built must always be guaranteed... One possible approach to this problem consists in organizing the relationships in a typology based on logical properties. For instance, we typically use only the general relation Is-a. It is too vague. We assume that general relation Is-a is characterized by asymmetry. This asymmetry is specified in: (1) the belonging of one individualizable entity to a distributive class, (2) Inclusion among distributive classes and (3) relation part of (or composition).

null

87,689

inproceedings

berlocher-etal-2006-morphological

Morphological annotation of {K}orean with Directly Maintainable Resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1018/

Berlocher, Ivan and Huh, Hyun-gue and Laporte, Eric and Nam, Jee-sun

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This article describes an exclusively resource-based method of morphological annotation of written Korean text. Korean is an agglutinative language. Our annotator is designed to process text before the operation of a syntactic parser. In its present state, it annotates one-stem words only. The output is a graph of morphemes annotated with accurate linguistic information. The granularity of the tagset is 3 to 5 times higher than usual tagsets. A comparison with a reference annotated corpus showed that it achieves 89{\%} recall without any corpus training. The language resources used by the system are lexicons of stems, transducers of suffixes and transducers of generation of allomorphs. All can be easily updated, which allows users to control the evolution of the performances of the system. It has been claimed that morphological annotation of Korean text could only be performed by a morphological analysis module accessing a lexicon of morphemes. We show that it can also be performed directly with a lexicon of words and without applying morphological rules at annotation time, which speeds up annotation to 1,210 words. The lexicon of words is obtained from the maintainable language resources through a fully automated compilation process.

null

87,690

inproceedings

lhomme-bae-2006-methodology

A Methodology for Developing Multilingual Resources for Terminology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1020/

L{'}Homme, Marie-Claude and Bae, Hee Sook

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper presents a project that aims at building lexical resources for terminology. By lexical resources, we mean dictionaries that provide detailed lexico-semantic information on terms, i.e. lexical units the sense of which can be related to a special subject field. In terminology, there is a lack of such resources. The specific dictionaries we are currently developing describe basic French and Korean terms that belong to the fields of computer science and the Internet (e.g. computer, configure, user-friendly, Web, browse, spam). This paper presents the structure of the French and Korean articles: each component is examined and illustrated with examples. We then describe the corpus-based methodology and the different computer applications used for developing the articles. Our methodology comprises five steps: design of the corpora, selection of terms; sense distinction; definition of actantial structures and listing of semantic relations. Details on the current state of each database are also given.

null

87,692

inproceedings

raidt-etal-2006-virtual

Does a Virtual Talking Face Generate Proper Multimodal Cues to Draw User`s Attention to Points of Interest?

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1021/

Raidt, Stephan and Bailly, G{\'e}rard and Elisei, Frederic

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

We present a series of experiments investigating face-to-face interaction between an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) and a human interlocutor. The ECA is embodied by a video realistic talking head with independent head and eye movements. For a beneficial application in face-to-face interaction, the ECA should be able to derive meaning from communicational gestures of a human interlocutor, and likewise to reproduce such gestures. Conveying its capability to interpret human behaviour, the system encourages the interlocutor to show appropriate natural activity. Therefore it is important that the ECA knows how to display what would correspond to mental states in humans. This allows to interpret the machine processes of the system in terms of human expressiveness and to assign them a corresponding meaning. Thus the system may maintain an interaction based on human patterns. During a first experiment we investigated the ability of our talking head to direct user attention with facial deictic cues (Raidt, Bailly et al. 2005). Users interact with the ECA during a simple card game offering different levels of help and guidance through facial deictic cues. We analyzed the users performance and their perception of the quality of assistance given by the ECA. The experiment showed that users profit from its presence and its facial deictic cues. In the continuative series of experiments presented here, we investigated the effect of an enhancement of the multimodality of the deictic gestures by adding a spoken instruction.

null

87,693

inproceedings

wong-2006-skeleton

Skeleton Parsing in {C}hinese: Annotation Scheme and Guidelines

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1022/

Wong, May Lai-Yin

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper presents my manual skeleton parsing on a sample text of approximately 100,000 word tokens (or about 2,500 sentences) taken from the PFR Chinese Corpus with a clearly defined parsing scheme of 17 constituent labels. The manually-parsed sample skeleton treebank is one of the very few extant Chinese treebanks. While Chinese part-of-speech tagging and word segmentation have been the subject of concerted research for many years, the syntactic annotation of Chinese corpora is a comparatively new field. The difficulties that I encountered in the production of this treebank demonstrate some of the peculiarities of Chinese syntax. A noteworthy syntactic property is that some serial verb constructions tend to be used as if they were compound verbs. The two transitive verbs in series, unlike common transitive verbs, do not take an object separately within the construction; rather, the serial construction as a whole is able to take the same direct object and the perfective aspect marker le. The skeleton-parsed sample treebank is evaluated against Eyes {\&} Leech (1993)s criteria and proves to be accurate, uniform and linguistically valid.

null

87,694

inproceedings

orasan-hasler-2006-computer

Computer-aided summarisation {--} what the user really wants

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1023/

Or{\u{a}}san, Constantin and Hasler, Laura

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

Computer-aided summarisation is a technology developed at the University of Wolverhampton as a complement to automatic summarisation, to produce high quality summaries with less effort. To achieve this, a user-friendly environment which incorporates several well-known summarisation methods has been developed. This paper presents the main features of the computer-aided summarisation environment and explains the changes introduced to it as a result of user feedback.

null

87,695

inproceedings

xue-2006-annotating

Annotating the Predicate-Argument Structure of {C}hinese Nominalizations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1024/

Xue, Nianwen

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper describes the Chinese NomBank Project, the goal of which is to annotate the predicate-argument structure of nominalized predicates in Chinese. The Chinese Nombank extends the general framework of the English and Chinese Proposition Banks to the annotation of nominalized predicates and adds a layer of semantic annotation to the Chinese Treebank. We first outline the scope of the work by discussing the markability of the nominalized predicates and their arguments. We then attempt to provide a categorization of the distribution of the arguments of nominalized predicates. We also discuss the relevance of the event/result distinction to the annotation of nominalized predicates and the phenomenon of incorporation. Finally we discuss some cross-linguistic differences between English and Chinese.

null

87,696

inproceedings

kageura-kikui-2006-self

A Self-Referring Quantitative Evaluation of the {ATR} Basic Travel Expression Corpus ({BTEC})

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1025/

Kageura, Kyo and Kikui, Genichiro

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

In this paper we evaluate the Basic Travel Expression Corpus (BTEC), developed by ATR (Advanced Telecommunication Research Laboratory), Japan. BTEC was specifically developed as a wide-coverage, consistent corpus containing basic Japanese travel expressions with English counterparts, for the purpose of providing basic data for the development of high quality speech translation systems. To evaluate the corpus, we introduce a quantitative method for evaluating the sufficiency of qualitatively well-defined corpora, on the basis of LNRE methods that can estimate the potential growth patterns of various sparse data by fitting various skewed distributions such as the Zipfian group of distributions, lognormal distribution, and inverse Gauss-Poisson distribution to them. The analyses show the coverage of lexical items of BTEC vis-a-vis the possible targets implicitly defined by the corpus itself, and thus provides basic insights into strategies for enhancing BTEC in future.

null

87,697

inproceedings

ozaku-etal-2006-features

Features of Terms in Actual Nursing Activities

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1026/

Ozaku, Hiromi itoh and Abe, Akinori and Sagara, Kaoru and Kuwahara, Noriaki and Kogure, Kiyoshi

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

In this paper, we analyze nurses' dialogue and conversation data sets after manual transcriptions and show their features. Recently, medical risk management has been recognized as very important for both hospitals and their patients. To carry out medical risk management, it is important to model nursing activities as well as to collect many accident and incident examples. Therefore, we are now researching strategies of modeling nursing activities in order to understand them (E-nightingale Project). To model nursing activities, it is necessary to collect data of nurses' activities in actual situations and to accurately understand these activities and situations. We developed a method to determine any type of nursing activity from voice data. However we found that our method could not determine several activities because it misunderstood special nursing terms. To improve the accuracy of this method, we focus on analyzing nurses' dialogue and conversation data and on collecting special nursing terms. We have already collected 800 hours of nurses' dialogue and conversation data sets in hospitals to find the tendencies and features of how nurses use special terms such as abbreviations and jargon as well as new terms. Consequently, in this paper we categorize nursing terms according to their usage and effectiveness. In addition, based on the results, we show a rough strategy for building nursing dictionaries.

null

87,698

inproceedings

banchs-etal-2006-acceptance

Acceptance Testing of a Spoken Language Translation System

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1028/

Banchs, Rafael and Bonafonte, Antonio and P{\'e}rez, Javier

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

This paper describes an acceptance test procedure for evaluating a spoken language translation system between Catalan and Spanish. The procedure consists of two independent tests. The first test was an utterance-oriented evaluation for determining how the use of speech benefits communication. This test allowed for comparing relative performance of the different system components, explicitly: source text to target text, source text to target speech, source speech to target text, and source speech to target speech. The second test was a task-oriented experiment for evaluating if users could achieve some predefined goals for a given task with the state of the technology. Eight subjects familiar with the technology and four subjects not familiar with the technology participated in the tests. From the results we can conclude that state of technology is getting closer to provide effective speech-to-speech translation systems but there is still lot of work to be done in this area. No significant differences in performance between users that are familiar with the technology and users that are not familiar with the technology were evidenced. This constitutes, as far as we know, the first evaluation of a Spoken Translation System that considers performance at both, the utterance level and the task level.

null

87,700

inproceedings

tablan-etal-2006-creating

Creating Tools for Morphological Analysis of {S}umerian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Gangemi, Aldo and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Odijk, Jan and Tapias, Daniel

may

2006

Genoa, Italy

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L06-1029/

Tablan, Valentin and Peters, Wim and Maynard, Diana and Cunningham, Hamish

Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`06)

null

Sumerian is a long-extinct language documented throughout the ancient MiddleEast, arguably the first language for which we have written evidence, and is a language isolate (i.e. no related languages have so far been identified). The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL), based at theUniversity of Oxford, aims to make accessible on the web over 350 literary workscomposed during the late third and early second millennia BCE. The transliterations and translations can be searched, browsed and read online using the tools of the website. In this paper we describe the creation of linguistic analysis and corpus search tools for Sumerian, as part of the development of the ETCSL. This is designed to enable Sumerian scholars, students and interested laymen to analyse the texts online and electronically, and to further knowledge about the language.

null

87,701