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Luigi Vassalli
|
{
"id": [
16185737
],
"name": [
"Smasongarrison"
]
}
|
0cl5d0pwu4e3rnbj3a7a541hejlfg6a
|
2024-06-25T12:53:06Z
| 1,219,103,930 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Significant works",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Luigi Vassalli** (also **Luigi Vassalli\\-[bey](/wiki/Bey \"Bey\")**) (January 8, 1812 – June 13, 1887[Heinrich Brugsch](/wiki/Heinrich_Brugsch \"Heinrich Brugsch\"), [*Luigi Vassalli\\-Bey †*, in *Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde*. **25** (1887\\) p. 111](https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftfr25brug#page/110/mode/2up).) was an Italian [Egyptologist](/wiki/Egyptologist \"Egyptologist\") and patriot.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nVassalli was born in 1812 in [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\"). In 1828 he enrolled at the [Brera Academy](/wiki/Brera_Academy \"Brera Academy\") and around this period he joined the [Mazzinian](/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini \"Giuseppe Mazzini\") activism but after a failed conspiracy he was sentenced to death, only to be pardoned but exiled. He moved in several places across Europe and later he traveled to Egypt where he began working for the local government.\n\nIn 1848 Vassalli returned to his homeland to join the [revolutionary movements](/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Italian_states \"Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states\") against the [Austrian Empire](/wiki/Austrian_Empire \"Austrian Empire\"), but after the failure he returned to Egypt where he became a portrait painter and an archaeological guide for wealthy foreigners. Around 1858 he was appointed Inspector of excavations by the French Egyptologist [Auguste Mariette](/wiki/Auguste_Mariette \"Auguste Mariette\"), who was Director of Antiquities at this time. Vassalli assisted in excavations at [Giza](/wiki/Giza \"Giza\") and [Saqqara](/wiki/Saqqara \"Saqqara\") until 1860, when he gave resignation and returned again home to give his contribution to the [Expedition of the Thousand](/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand \"Expedition of the Thousand\") led by [Giuseppe Garibaldi](/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi \"Giuseppe Garibaldi\"). After the victory he was appointed First Class Conservator at the [Naples National Archaeological Museum](/wiki/Naples_National_Archaeological_Museum \"Naples National Archaeological Museum\"); however, the office was soon abolished by the still pro\\-[Borbonic](/wiki/Borbonic \"Borbonic\") museum management and Vassalli again came back to Cairo.Francesco Tiradritti, \"L'egittologo Luigi Vassalli\\-bey (1812\\-1887\\). Guida alla Mostra\", Museo Egizio del Cairo, 9 maggio – 9 luglio 1994, pp. 5\\-6\\.\n\nIn Egypt he made several archaeological explorations in many sites such as [Tanis](/wiki/Tanis \"Tanis\"), Saqqara, [Dendera](/wiki/Dendera \"Dendera\") and [Edfu](/wiki/Edfu \"Edfu\") from 1861 to 1868\\. He sent many mummy remains to the [Museo Civico di Storia Naturale](/wiki/Museo_Civico_di_Storia_Naturale_di_Milano \"Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano\") of Milan and in 1871 he made around 150 casts from monuments exhibited in the [Bulaq Museum](/wiki/Bulaq_Museum \"Bulaq Museum\") which he brought to [Florence](/wiki/Florence \"Florence\") with him. During his short stay here the Italian government asked him to inspect many Egyptian collections in Italy, after which he returned to his duties in Cairo.\n\nStill in 1871, along with Mariette he discovered the [mastaba](/wiki/Mastaba \"Mastaba\") of [Nefermaat](/wiki/Nefermaat \"Nefermaat\") at [Meidum](/wiki/Meidum \"Meidum\"), which is well known for the famous scene commonly referred as the \"Meidum geese\". Vassalli carefully removed the whole scene from the tomb wall and reassembled it inside the Bulaq Museum. This fact sparked a controversy over a century later, when in a 2015 research the Egyptologist Francesco Tiradritti suggested that the Meidum geese scene is a 19th\\-century forgery possibly made by Vassalli himself, a claim dismissed by Egyptian authorities.\n\nAfter Mariette's death in 1881, Vassalli became Director *ad interim* until the installation of [Gaston Maspero](/wiki/Gaston_Maspero \"Gaston Maspero\"). He retired in 1884 and returned to Milan and then to Rome; he committed suicide there on June 13, 1887\\. According to his will, all his papers were donated to the city of Milan.\n\n",
"Significant works\n-----------------\n\n* 1867\\. *[I monumenti istorici egizi: il museo e gli scavi d'antichità eseguiti per ordine di S.A. Il vicerè Ismail Pascia](https://archive.org/details/imonumentiistor00vassgoog)*. Milano 1867\\.\n",
"References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:1812 births](/wiki/Category:1812_births \"1812 births\")\n[Category:1887 deaths](/wiki/Category:1887_deaths \"1887 deaths\")\n[Category:1880s suicides](/wiki/Category:1880s_suicides \"1880s suicides\")\n[Category:19th\\-century Italian archaeologists](/wiki/Category:19th-century_Italian_archaeologists \"19th-century Italian archaeologists\")\n[Category:Archaeologists from Milan](/wiki/Category:Archaeologists_from_Milan \"Archaeologists from Milan\")\n[Category:Italian Egyptologists](/wiki/Category:Italian_Egyptologists \"Italian Egyptologists\")\n[Category:Egyptian Museum](/wiki/Category:Egyptian_Museum \"Egyptian Museum\")\n[Category:Suicides in Italy](/wiki/Category:Suicides_in_Italy \"Suicides in Italy\")\n[Category:Italian people of the Italian unification](/wiki/Category:Italian_people_of_the_Italian_unification \"Italian people of the Italian unification\")\n[Category:Scholars from the Austrian Empire](/wiki/Category:Scholars_from_the_Austrian_Empire \"Scholars from the Austrian Empire\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Labidosa ochrostoma
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
icwrphvfx76e8gehao56nbjscijq9ny
|
2021-09-16T23:06:22Z
| 998,821,750 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n***Labidosa ochrostoma*** is a species of [moth](/wiki/Moth \"Moth\") of the family [Tortricidae](/wiki/Tortricidae \"Tortricidae\"). It is found in the [Central African Republic](/wiki/Central_African_Republic \"Central African Republic\") and the [Democratic Republic of Congo](/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo \"Democratic Republic of Congo\").[Afro Moths](http://www.afromoths.net/species_by_code/LABIOCHR)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Moths described in 1918](/wiki/Category:Moths_described_in_1918 \"Moths described in 1918\")\n[Category:Archipini](/wiki/Category:Archipini \"Archipini\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Munday House
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
rayo83ii8ixr1yzir9iuocjzaogi3au
|
2022-05-23T04:49:04Z
| 1,066,290,148 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Munday House** is a historic home located near [Denver](/wiki/Denver%2C_North_Carolina \"Denver, North Carolina\") in [Catawba County, North Carolina](/wiki/Catawba_County%2C_North_Carolina \"Catawba County, North Carolina\"). It was built about 1850, and was originally a one\\-room, one\\-story with attic, log house with a huge stone chimney. It was expanded by frame additions into the 1880s.my self\n\nIt was listed on the [National Register of Historic Places](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places \"National Register of Historic Places\") in 1975\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Log houses in the United States](/wiki/Category:Log_houses_in_the_United_States \"Log houses in the United States\")\n[Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina](/wiki/Category:Houses_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_North_Carolina \"Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina\")\n[Category:Houses completed in 1850](/wiki/Category:Houses_completed_in_1850 \"Houses completed in 1850\")\n[Category:Houses in Catawba County, North Carolina](/wiki/Category:Houses_in_Catawba_County%2C_North_Carolina \"Houses in Catawba County, North Carolina\")\n[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Catawba County, North Carolina](/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Catawba_County%2C_North_Carolina \"National Register of Historic Places in Catawba County, North Carolina\")\n[Category:Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina](/wiki/Category:Log_buildings_and_structures_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_North_Carolina \"Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Grange Hill series 13
|
{
"id": [
42522270
],
"name": [
"Qwerfjkl (bot)"
]
}
|
64fjvaavqu8bynlkpkqy7k5k2k4m18n
|
2024-03-30T08:34:16Z
| 1,215,698,737 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Cast and characters",
"Pupils",
"Teachers",
"Episodes",
"Release History",
"Notes",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **thirteenth series** of the British television drama series *[Grange Hill](/wiki/Grange_Hill \"Grange Hill\")* began broadcasting on 2 January 1990, before ending on 9 March 1990 on [BBC One](/wiki/BBC_One \"BBC One\"). The series follows the lives of the staff and pupils of the eponymous school, an inner\\-city London [comprehensive school](/wiki/Comprehensive_school \"Comprehensive school\"). It consists of twenty episodes.\n\nIt marked a change from earlier series with the introduction of a new theme tune and incidental music.\n\n",
"Cast and characters\n-------------------\n\n### Pupils\n\n* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + \n\n### Teachers\n\n* + - * + - * + \n",
"### Pupils\n\n* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + \n",
"### Teachers\n\n* + - * + - * + \n",
"Episodes\n--------\n\n{\\| class\\=\"wikitable\" style\\=\"width:100%;\"\n\\|\\-\n! style\\=\"background\\-color: \\#333333; color:white\"\\| No.\n! style\\=\"background: \\#333333; color:white\"\\| Episode\n! style\\=\"background: \\#333333; color:white\"\\| Writer\n! style\\=\"background: \\#333333; color:white\"\\| Director\n! style\\=\"background: \\#333333; color:white\"\\| Original airdate\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 1\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode One\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Barry Purchese\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| John Smith\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 2 January 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Jacko's dog causes problems on the first day of term. The new Deputy Head at the school imposes his discipline on Mauler and Ted.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 2\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Two\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| John Smith\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| John Smith\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 5 January 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Neil Timpson tricks Locko. Tegs is still acting strangely around Justine.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 3\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Three\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Chris Ellis\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| John Smith\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 9 January 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Mr. Hargreaves continues to get on the nerves of his fellow staff members. Georgina is finding it hard to get things moving with Mike Bentley.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 4\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Four\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Margaret Simpson\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| John Smith\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 12 January 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Georgina and her friends get some glamour photos taken hoping that they will appear in a magazine. Robbie and Mike find themselves involved in a pub fight.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 5\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Five\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Margaret Simpson\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Andrew Whitman\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 16 January 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Tegs and Matthew end up doing a spot of breaking and entering. Mrs. Monroe ends up getting locked in a cupboard at the school.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 6\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Six \n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Kay Trainor\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Andrew Whitman\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 19 January 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Mike finally asks Georgina out on a date. Ronnie becomes involved in an animal rights protest outside a local chemist. Mike and Georgina see Calley with her new older boyfriend.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 7\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Seven\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Kay Trainer\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Andrew Whitman\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 23 January 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Aichaa learns that one of her pictures is going to be used in the magazine.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 8\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Eight\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| David Angus\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Andrew Whitman\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 26 January 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Ronnie tries to stop rat dissection at St. Mary's school from taking place. Mauler sells Mr. Hargreaves's photo frame to a local antiques shop.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 9\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Nine\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Barry Purchese\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Richard Kelly\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 30 January 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Neil's revenge on the T\\-shirt girls could end up being more deadly than he intended. Mike reads a newspaper report about the fight at the pub.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 10\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Ten\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Barry Purchese\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Richard Kelly\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 2 February 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Aichaa and Georgina go to a modelling agency to see if they can be signed up. The photo frame ends up back at the school. Tegs pays his mother a visit.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 11\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Eleven\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Margaret Simpson\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Richard Kelly\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 6 February 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Matthew's home life continues to get worse.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 12\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Twelve\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Margaret Simpson\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Richard Kelly\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 9 February 1990 \n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Mike decides it would be best to drop out of the athletic trials so that he can avoid having his picture taken. The first year pupils make chilli con carne to sell as an alternative to the hunger lunches at the school. Julie keeps following Georgina.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 13\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Thirteen\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Sarah Daniels\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Riitta\\-Leena Lynn\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 13 February 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Mike ends up taking part in the race and tells Georgina about the fight. Aichaa goes out on a date with Robbie. Matthew ends up taking some drastic action.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 14\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Fourteen\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Sarah Daniels\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Riitta\\-Leena Lynn\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 16 February 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\| Matthew's arson attempt sees his problems not improving. The T\\-shirt business comes to an end. Jacko's dog is found.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 15\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Fifteen\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Kevin Hood\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Riitta\\-Leena Lynn\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 20 February 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\| Justine finds her reputation is in tatters. Ronnie discovers where Calley's boyfriend works. Robbie and Aichaa go to see a football match but trouble breaks out.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 16\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Sixteen\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Kevin Hood\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Riitta\\-Leena Lynn\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 23 February 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\| Mr. Hankin's Aunt Camelia helps him to demonstrate acoustics. Calley steals her boyfriend's electronic card to get Ronnie, Georgina and herself into the laboratory.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 17\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Seventeen\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Chris Ellis\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Richard Kelly\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 27 February 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\|Calley, Ronnie and Georgina are allowed to leave. Georgina's first modelling assignments aren't what she was expecting.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 18\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Eighteen\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Barry Purchese\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Richard Kelly\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 2 March 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\| Alice and Becky end up spending a morning at a health club. Matthew has his day in court. Robbie and Mike decide to tell the police what they know about the fight.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 19\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Nineteen\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| David Angus\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Richard Kelly\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 6 March 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\| Neil ends up being taught a lesson. Rod's time as a caretaker at the school comes to an end. Mr. Robson arranges a surprise for Mike.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 20\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Episode Twenty\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| David Angus\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| Richard Kelly\n\\| align\\=\"center\"\\| 9 March 1990\n\\|\\-\n\\| style\\=\"background:white\" colspan\\=\"5\" \\| Mike and Robbie go to court and Mike still manages to run the most important race of his life.\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background:\\#333333; height:2px\"\n\\| colspan\\=\"5\" \\|\n\\|\\-\n\\|}\n\n",
"Release History\n---------------\n\nThe thirteenth series of *Grange Hill* has never been released on DVD as of 2022\n\nIn December 2022 ‘’ITV’’ announced that the thirteenth series of ‘’Grange Hill’’ will be available on its streaming platform ITVx as part of its ‘’BritBox’’ content in January 2023\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\nJacko's dog 'Gruff' was played by Rosie the Jack Russell from Surrey. She loved working on set particularly when she found peoples bags to rummage through that were left on the floor off set.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1990 British television seasons](/wiki/Category:1990_British_television_seasons \"1990 British television seasons\")\n[Category:Grange Hill](/wiki/Category:Grange_Hill \"Grange Hill\")\n\n"
]
}
|
The Demon Breed
|
{
"id": [
126581
],
"name": [
"Monado"
]
}
|
hkdrzohl4t0jc80kfzsjxswnh7plyyw
|
2024-01-04T04:42:09Z
| 1,189,871,074 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***The Demon Breed*** is a 1968 science fiction novel by [James H. Schmitz](/wiki/James_H._Schmitz \"James H. Schmitz\"), originally serialized in *[Analog](/wiki/Analog_Science_Fiction_and_Fact \"Analog Science Fiction and Fact\")* in a shorter form as \"The Tuvela\". It was first published in paperback in the [Ace Science Fiction Specials](/wiki/Ace_Science_Fiction_Specials \"Ace Science Fiction Specials\") line, with a [Science Fiction Book Club](/wiki/Science_Fiction_Book_Club \"Science Fiction Book Club\") edition following in 1969\\. MacDonald \\& Co. issued a British hardcover the same year, reprinting it as a Futura paperback in 1974\\. A Dutch translation, *Des Duivels*, appeared in 1971, and a French translation, *Race démoniaque*, in 1973\\. Ace reissued its edition in 1979 and 1981\\. In 2001, [Baen Books](/wiki/Baen_Books \"Baen Books\") compiled the novel in its paperback omnibus *The Hub: Dangerous Territory*.[ISFDB publishing history](http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?2121)\n\nPart of Schmitz's \"Hub\" sequence, *The Demon Breed* centers on the conflict between the Parahuans—a \"physically powerful, resourceful, technically advanced and fearfully cruel\"\"The Future in Books\", *[Amazing Stories](/wiki/Amazing_Stories \"Amazing Stories\")*, January 1969, pp.142\\-43 nonhuman species—and a human\\-colonized water world. It shares characters and setting with Schmitz's 1965 novella \"Trouble Tide\".\n\nSchmitz specialized in strong female characters, but the Nyles Etland character in *The Demon Breed* was ultra\\-competent and represents to this day what every woman can strive to be, making this book possibly the earliest instance of [feminist science fiction](/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction \"Feminist science fiction\"). This novel is Schmitz' least known story, likely because in order to read it, one must learn about the complex environment of the planet on which it takes place. Its main character, a woman named Nyles Etland, had no special advantages such as psionic powers. It was her intelligence and intimate knowledge of her home environment, as well as of science, and of another person involved, that allowed her to intimidate an alien species. \n\n[James Blish](/wiki/James_Blish \"James Blish\") praised the novel, writing that its protagonist is \"very well realized\" and that \"Schmitz's style is a joy \\-\\- precise, flexible, colorful, and frequently witty\". He noted that the novel's title was double\\-edged, because Schmitz was exploring a theme \"dear to the hearts of both [Heinlein](/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein \"Robert A. Heinlein\") and [Campbell](/wiki/John_W._Campbell_Jr. \"John W. Campbell Jr.\") . . . that human beings are the toughest, most vicious race anyone is ever likely to encounter\".\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1968 American novels](/wiki/Category:1968_American_novels \"1968 American novels\")\n[Category:Ace Books books](/wiki/Category:Ace_Books_books \"Ace Books books\")\n[Category:American science fiction novels](/wiki/Category:American_science_fiction_novels \"American science fiction novels\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Murad Parvez
|
{
"id": [
7329773
],
"name": [
"Worldbruce"
]
}
|
ce2zctp3l222cq2k9u8c6b33l4f4uco
|
2024-05-22T14:54:55Z
| 1,169,034,133 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"Works",
"Television",
"Films",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Murad Parvez** is a Bangladeshi film and television director. He directed *[Chandragrohon](/wiki/Chandragrohon \"Chandragrohon\")*, *[Brihonnola](/wiki/Brihonnola \"Brihonnola\")*, and many TV serials in Bangladesh.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nParvez is a well\\-known director, producer, writer of Bangla film industry who began his career at an young age. He has directed many TV serials in [Bangladesh](/wiki/Bangladesh \"Bangladesh\"). He earned much name and fame for directing *[Chandragrohon](/wiki/Chandragrohon \"Chandragrohon\")* and *[Brihonnola](/wiki/Brihonnola \"Brihonnola\")*. He won [Bangladesh National Film Award](/wiki/National_Film_Awards_%28Bangladesh%29 \"National Film Awards (Bangladesh)\") for Best Actor for his role in the film [*Ghani: The Cycle* (2006\\)](/wiki/Ghani_%282006_film%29 \"Ghani (2006 film)\").\n\n",
"Works\n-----\n\n### Television\n\n* *[Smiritir Alpona Anki](/wiki/Smiritir_Alpona_Anki \"Smiritir Alpona Anki\")*\n\n### Films\n\n| Year | Title | Director | Producer | Writer | Screenplay | Dialog | Editor | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2008 | *[Chandragrohon](/wiki/Chandragrohon \"Chandragrohon\")* | | | | | | | [Bangladesh National Film Awards](/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Film_Awards \"Bangladesh National Film Awards\") for Best Director [Bangladesh National Film Awards](/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Film_Awards \"Bangladesh National Film Awards\") for Best Screenplay [Bangladesh National Film Awards](/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Film_Awards \"Bangladesh National Film Awards\") for Best DialogueMeril Prothom Alo Best Director AwardBCSS Best Director Award |\n| 2014 | *[Brihonnola](/wiki/Brihonnola \"Brihonnola\")* | | | | | | | Meril Prothom Alo Best Film Award A Film for Peace Un Film per la Pace Film Award |\n\n",
"### Television\n\n* *[Smiritir Alpona Anki](/wiki/Smiritir_Alpona_Anki \"Smiritir Alpona Anki\")*\n",
"### Films\n\n| Year | Title | Director | Producer | Writer | Screenplay | Dialog | Editor | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2008 | *[Chandragrohon](/wiki/Chandragrohon \"Chandragrohon\")* | | | | | | | [Bangladesh National Film Awards](/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Film_Awards \"Bangladesh National Film Awards\") for Best Director [Bangladesh National Film Awards](/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Film_Awards \"Bangladesh National Film Awards\") for Best Screenplay [Bangladesh National Film Awards](/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Film_Awards \"Bangladesh National Film Awards\") for Best DialogueMeril Prothom Alo Best Director AwardBCSS Best Director Award |\n| 2014 | *[Brihonnola](/wiki/Brihonnola \"Brihonnola\")* | | | | | | | Meril Prothom Alo Best Film Award A Film for Peace Un Film per la Pace Film Award |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* Murad Parvez on [BMDb](http://www.bmdb.com.bd/person/754/)\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Bangladeshi television directors](/wiki/Category:Bangladeshi_television_directors \"Bangladeshi television directors\")\n[Category:Bangladeshi film directors](/wiki/Category:Bangladeshi_film_directors \"Bangladeshi film directors\")\n[Category:Best Director National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners](/wiki/Category:Best_Director_National_Film_Award_%28Bangladesh%29_winners \"Best Director National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners\")\n[Category:1972 births](/wiki/Category:1972_births \"1972 births\")\n[Category:Best Film Directing Meril\\-Prothom Alo Critics Choice Award winners](/wiki/Category:Best_Film_Directing_Meril-Prothom_Alo_Critics_Choice_Award_winners \"Best Film Directing Meril-Prothom Alo Critics Choice Award winners\")\n[Category:Best Screenplay National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners](/wiki/Category:Best_Screenplay_National_Film_Award_%28Bangladesh%29_winners \"Best Screenplay National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners\")\n[Category:Best Dialogue National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners](/wiki/Category:Best_Dialogue_National_Film_Award_%28Bangladesh%29_winners \"Best Dialogue National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
1930 Stanford football team
|
{
"id": [
206485
],
"name": [
"Jweiss11"
]
}
|
6pxojv7y6jgfjbw5bgt7kehqtu2qmjz
|
2023-09-06T23:03:26Z
| 1,170,739,011 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Schedule",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **1930 Stanford football team** represented [Stanford University](/wiki/Stanford_University \"Stanford University\") in the [1930 college football season](/wiki/1930_college_football_season \"1930 college football season\"). Their head coach was [Pop Warner](/wiki/Pop_Warner \"Pop Warner\") in his seventh season. Stanford played its home games at [Stanford Stadium](/wiki/Stanford_Stadium \"Stanford Stadium\") in [Stanford, California](/wiki/Stanford%2C_California \"Stanford, California\").\n\nOn November 25, shortly before the team's final game against [Dartmouth](/wiki/Dartmouth_Indians_football \"Dartmouth Indians football\"), a unanimous vote of the Executive Committee for the Associated Students chose \"Indians\" as the official mascot of Stanford's sports teams. \"Indians\" had been in use informally, but the vote formalized the use over \"Cards\" and \"Cardinals\", which were considered \"not symbolical of Stanford spirit as that of 'Indians.'\"\n\n",
"Schedule\n--------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Stanford](/wiki/Category:1930_Pacific_Coast_Conference_football_season \"1930 Pacific Coast Conference football season\")\n[Category:Stanford Cardinal football seasons](/wiki/Category:Stanford_Cardinal_football_seasons \"Stanford Cardinal football seasons\")\n[Stanford football](/wiki/Category:1930_in_sports_in_California \"1930 in sports in California\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Opole, Minnesota
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
97qmff5oib1n5a15mbgn9a2ivqafbkl
|
2023-07-27T17:45:42Z
| 941,908,492 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Opole** is an [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area \"Unincorporated area\") in [Brockway Township](/wiki/Brockway_Township%2C_Stearns_County%2C_Minnesota \"Brockway Township, Stearns County, Minnesota\"), [Stearns County](/wiki/Stearns_County%2C_Minnesota \"Stearns County, Minnesota\"), [Minnesota](/wiki/Minnesota \"Minnesota\"), United States. The community is located along Stearns County Road 17 near 125th Avenue. Stearns County Road 3 is also in the immediate area. Nearby places include [Holdingford](/wiki/Holdingford%2C_Minnesota \"Holdingford, Minnesota\"), [St. Stephen](/wiki/St._Stephen%2C_Minnesota \"St. Stephen, Minnesota\"), and [Rice](/wiki/Rice%2C_Minnesota \"Rice, Minnesota\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Stearns County, Minnesota](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Stearns_County%2C_Minnesota \"Unincorporated communities in Stearns County, Minnesota\")\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Minnesota](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Minnesota \"Unincorporated communities in Minnesota\")\n[Category:Polish\\-American culture in Minnesota](/wiki/Category:Polish-American_culture_in_Minnesota \"Polish-American culture in Minnesota\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
L'Aumône Abbey
|
{
"id": [
47083183
],
"name": [
"DanielaNES"
]
}
|
dhy9z7dnieaqqp8a0cwlctgvrib7ql7
|
2024-02-06T18:18:14Z
| 1,034,575,030 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Buildings",
"References",
"See also",
"Sources",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"[thumb\\|300px\\|Cadastral plan of the abbey site, 1818](/wiki/File:Cadastre_1818_Aum%C3%B4ne.png \"Cadastre 1818 Aumône.png\")\n**L’Aumône Abbey** (, ; also known as , ) is a former [Cistercian](/wiki/Cistercian \"Cistercian\") [monastery](/wiki/Monastery \"Monastery\") in the commune of [La Colombe](/wiki/La_Colombe_%28Loir-et-Cher%29 \"La Colombe (Loir-et-Cher)\"), [Loir\\-et\\-Cher](/wiki/Loir-et-Cher \"Loir-et-Cher\"), [France](/wiki/France \"France\"), 34 kilometres north of [Blois](/wiki/Blois \"Blois\") in the Forêt de Cîteaux, part of the Forêt de [Marchenoir](/wiki/Marchenoir \"Marchenoir\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe abbey was founded in 1121, thanks to a gift from Count [Theobald IV of Blois](/wiki/Theobald_IV_of_Blois \"Theobald IV of Blois\"), as the seventh daughter house of [Cîteaux Abbey](/wiki/C%C3%AEteaux_Abbey \"Cîteaux Abbey\"). It became the mother house of 29 abbeys, including [Waverley Abbey](/wiki/Waverley_Abbey \"Waverley Abbey\") in England (the first Cistercian foundation in the [British Isles](/wiki/British_Isles \"British Isles\")), [Bégard Abbey](/wiki/B%C3%A9gard_Abbey \"Bégard Abbey\"), [Tintern Abbey](/wiki/Tintern_Abbey \"Tintern Abbey\"), [Langonnet Abbey](/wiki/Langonnet_Abbey \"Langonnet Abbey\") and [Le Landais Abbey](/wiki/Le_Landais_Abbey \"Le Landais Abbey\").\n\nThe abbey suffered greatly during the [Hundred Years' War](/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War \"Hundred Years' War\") and by 1396 lay mostly in ruins. The subsequent reconstruction and the introduction of [commendatory abbots](/wiki/Commendatory_abbots \"Commendatory abbots\") proved a serious burden.\n\nThe abbey was suppressed in 1791 during the [French Revolution](/wiki/French_Revolution \"French Revolution\"). The land was sold in 1818 and the debris from the ruins was used as building material.\n\n",
"Buildings\n---------\n\nOf the mediaeval structures there survive a 13th\\-century [dovecote](/wiki/Dovecote \"Dovecote\"), two 15th\\-century buildings and a piece of the church wall. Some fragments of the [cloister](/wiki/Cloister \"Cloister\") are in the museum in Blois.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Abbey La Joie Notre\\-Dame](/wiki/Abbey_La_Joie_Notre-Dame \"Abbey La Joie Notre-Dame\")\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n* Bernard Peugniez, 2001: *Routier cistercien. Abbayes et sites. France, Belgique, Luxembourg, Suisse* (new enlarged edition), p. 108 . Moisenay: Éditions Gaud. \n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Abbaye Notre\\-Dame de l'Aumône](http://abbaye-aumone.fr/) \n* [Certosa di Firenze website](http://www.cistercensi.info/abbazie/abbazie.php?ab=627&lin=de)\n* [Cister.net](https://web.archive.org/web/20110807043417/http://www.cister.net/FR/Abbey/aumone-abbaye-de-l--dite-le-petit-citeaux.aspx)\n\n[Category:Cistercian monasteries in France](/wiki/Category:Cistercian_monasteries_in_France \"Cistercian monasteries in France\")\n[Category:Buildings and structures in Loir\\-et\\-Cher](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Loir-et-Cher \"Buildings and structures in Loir-et-Cher\")\n[Category:1121 establishments in Europe](/wiki/Category:1121_establishments_in_Europe \"1121 establishments in Europe\")\n[Category:1120s establishments in France](/wiki/Category:1120s_establishments_in_France \"1120s establishments in France\")\n[Category:Christian monasteries established in the 12th century](/wiki/Category:Christian_monasteries_established_in_the_12th_century \"Christian monasteries established in the 12th century\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Hurricane Grove, Arkansas
|
{
"id": [
39191556
],
"name": [
"SimLibrarian"
]
}
|
62kg7jzq9snoz9c6jfsh019qeqa3vvo
|
2023-10-29T20:51:35Z
| 1,167,176,501 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Hurricane Grove** is an [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_community \"Unincorporated community\") in [Montgomery County, Arkansas](/wiki/Montgomery_County%2C_Arkansas \"Montgomery County, Arkansas\"), United States.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Montgomery County, Arkansas](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Montgomery_County%2C_Arkansas \"Unincorporated communities in Montgomery County, Arkansas\")\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Arkansas](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Arkansas \"Unincorporated communities in Arkansas\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Alby Carr
|
{
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
}
|
bjnvdt9bf26xnocms44o74rgz62rctz
|
2023-05-21T02:12:22Z
| 1,155,908,741 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Playing career",
"Coaching career",
"Alias, and exposure",
"Death",
"References",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Albert George Henry Why**, known by the alias **Alby Carr**, (1899–1969\\) was an Australian [rugby league](/wiki/Rugby_league \"Rugby league\") footballer who played in the 1920s player for [South Sydney](/wiki/South_Sydney_Rabbitohs \"South Sydney Rabbitohs\"), who played under his alias for most of his career.14/5/1929 'Why\" not Carr. Players name change\". Evening News, Sydney. (page 2\\)\n\n",
"Playing career\n--------------\n\nHe was born at [Brewarrina](/wiki/Brewarrina%2C_New_South_Wales \"Brewarrina, New South Wales\") in 1899\\. His family later moved to [Redfern](/wiki/Redfern%2C_New_South_Wales \"Redfern, New South Wales\") and he played his junior football in Wellington and later at Mascot.\n\nAs Alby Carr, he played four seasons for South Sydney between 1924 and 1927, including winning the [1926](/wiki/1926_NSWRFL_season \"1926 NSWRFL season\") and [1927 Grand Final](/wiki/1927_NSWRFL_season \"1927 NSWRFL season\")'s. Carr was also a premiership winner with South Sydney in 1925 as the club went the entire season undefeated. He represented [New South Wales](/wiki/New_South_Wales_rugby_league_team \"New South Wales rugby league team\") in 1924 under his alias. He played one last season with [South Sydney](/wiki/South_Sydney_Rabbitohs \"South Sydney Rabbitohs\") in 1930, this time under his correct name of [Alby Why](/wiki/Alby_Why \"Alby Why\").Alan Whiticker/Glen Hudson: Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players. 1995 (). He played one season as Alby Why in 1930 before retiring. He was the brother of [Australian Kangaroo](/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_league_team \"Australia national rugby league team\"), [Jack Why](/wiki/Jack_Why \"Jack Why\").\n\n",
"Coaching career\n---------------\n\nIn 1950, Alby Why coached the [Canterbury\\-Bankstown](/wiki/Bulldogs_%28NRL_team%29 \"Bulldogs (NRL team)\") team for a season before taking over from [Vic Bulgin](/wiki/Vic_Bulgin \"Vic Bulgin\") halfway through 1951\\. He continued to coach [Canterbury\\-Bankstown](/wiki/Canterbury-Bankstown \"Canterbury-Bankstown\") in 1952\\.\n\n",
"Alias, and exposure\n-------------------\n\nA newspaper report from 1929 exposed Alby Carr as a 'ring\\-in' , who was actually Alby Why, the brother of [Jack Why](/wiki/Jack_Why \"Jack Why\").Sydney Morning Herald \"Ring\\-In footballer \\- ALBY WHY\"S Change of Name\". (page 11\\) article 14\\-05\\-1929 The report was tabled at the [NSWRFL](/wiki/NSWRFL \"NSWRFL\") on 13 May 1929\\. Alby Carr's true identity was revealed at the meeting regarding the 'ring\\-in' allegations. Alby Why tells the story: \"I commenced my footballing days at Wellington in 1917\\. In 1921 he was at Redfern Oval and was asked to play third grade for the Mascot team as 'A.Carr'. Alby Why candidly admitted that he was Alby Carr, in what was known in the turf\\-world as a 'ring\\-in'. Then selected as A. Carr, he played one year with Newtown in 1922, then joining the City Houses Competition before being graded with [South Sydney Rabbitohs](/wiki/South_Sydney_Rabbitohs \"South Sydney Rabbitohs\") in 1924\\. During this time and later in England playing with Huddersfield, he retained the name 'Carr', but by 1929 he wished to be recognized by his real name, as his brother [Jack Why](/wiki/Jack_Why \"Jack Why\") also played with Souths.\"Goulburn Evening Post: (article) \"Football Ring\\-in\" \"Alby Carr\\-\\-Alby Why\" 14/5/19299Evening News, Sydney \"Why Not Carr\" 14/5/1929\n\n",
"Death\n-----\n\nAlbert George Henry Why died on 29 December 1969, aged 70\\.Sydney Morning Herald: Death Notice\\- 31/12/1969\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n[Category:1899 births](/wiki/Category:1899_births \"1899 births\")\n[Category:1969 deaths](/wiki/Category:1969_deaths \"1969 deaths\")\n[Category:Australian rugby league coaches](/wiki/Category:Australian_rugby_league_coaches \"Australian rugby league coaches\")\n[Category:Australian rugby league players](/wiki/Category:Australian_rugby_league_players \"Australian rugby league players\")\n[Category:Canterbury\\-Bankstown Bulldogs coaches](/wiki/Category:Canterbury-Bankstown_Bulldogs_coaches \"Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs coaches\")\n[Category:New South Wales rugby league team players](/wiki/Category:New_South_Wales_rugby_league_team_players \"New South Wales rugby league team players\")\n[Category:Rugby league centres](/wiki/Category:Rugby_league_centres \"Rugby league centres\")\n[Category:Rugby league second\\-rows](/wiki/Category:Rugby_league_second-rows \"Rugby league second-rows\")\n[Category:South Sydney Rabbitohs players](/wiki/Category:South_Sydney_Rabbitohs_players \"South Sydney Rabbitohs players\")\n[Category:South Sydney Rabbitohs captains](/wiki/Category:South_Sydney_Rabbitohs_captains \"South Sydney Rabbitohs captains\")\n[Category:Rugby league players from Sydney](/wiki/Category:Rugby_league_players_from_Sydney \"Rugby league players from Sydney\")\n[Category:People from the Far West (New South Wales)](/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Far_West_%28New_South_Wales%29 \"People from the Far West (New South Wales)\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 4 × 100 metre medley relay
|
{
"id": [
29077096
],
"name": [
"Crowsus"
]
}
|
s8g1uhuxhuab4i8ooamls6ouvtxefqc
|
2024-08-02T16:29:44Z
| 1,152,211,173 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Heats",
"Final",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **boys' 4 × 100 metre medley relay** event in [swimming](/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics \"Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics\") at the [2014 Summer Youth Olympics](/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics \"2014 Summer Youth Olympics\") took place on 20 August at the [Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre](/wiki/Nanjing_Olympic_Sports_Centre \"Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre\") in [Nanjing](/wiki/Nanjing \"Nanjing\"), [China](/wiki/China \"China\").\n\n",
"Results\n-------\n\n### Heats\n\nThe heats were held at 10:48\\.\n\n| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 2 | 6 | [Evgeny Rylov](/wiki/Evgeny_Rylov \"Evgeny Rylov\") (55\\.16\\)[Anton Chupkov](/wiki/Anton_Chupkov \"Anton Chupkov\") (1:01\\.54\\)[Aleksandr Sadovnikov](/wiki/Aleksandr_Sadovnikov \"Aleksandr Sadovnikov\") (54\\.23\\)[Filipp Shopin](/wiki/Filipp_Shopin \"Filipp Shopin\") (52\\.54\\) | | 3:43\\.47 | Q |\n 2 | 1 | 5 | [Marek Ulrich](/wiki/Marek_Ulrich \"Marek Ulrich\") (56\\.32\\)[Maximilian Pilger](/wiki/Maximilian_Pilger \"Maximilian Pilger\") (1:02\\.65\\)[Alexander Kunert](/wiki/Alexander_Kunert \"Alexander Kunert\") (55\\.21\\)[Damian Wierling](/wiki/Damian_Wierling \"Damian Wierling\") (51\\.37\\) | | 3:45\\.55 | Q |\n 3 | 1 | 6 | [Chris Reid](/wiki/Chris_Reid_%28swimmer%29 \"Chris Reid (swimmer)\") (56\\.72\\)[Jarred Crous](/wiki/Jarred_Crous \"Jarred Crous\") (1:02\\.35\\)[Joshua Steyn](/wiki/Joshua_Steyn \"Joshua Steyn\") (54\\.14\\)[Brent Szurdoki](/wiki/Brent_Szurdoki \"Brent Szurdoki\") (52\\.76\\) | | 3:45\\.97 | Q |\n 4 | 2 | 4 | [Nic Groenewald](/wiki/Nic_Groenewald \"Nic Groenewald\") (56\\.30\\)[Grayson Bell](/wiki/Grayson_Bell \"Grayson Bell\") (1:04\\.78\\)[Nicholas Brown](/wiki/Nicholas_Brown_%28swimmer%29 \"Nicholas Brown (swimmer)\") (55\\.80\\)[Kyle Chalmers](/wiki/Kyle_Chalmers \"Kyle Chalmers\") (51\\.21\\) | | 3:48\\.09 | Q |\n 5 | 2 | 5 | [Geoffroy Mathieu](/wiki/Geoffroy_Mathieu \"Geoffroy Mathieu\") (58\\.70\\)[Jean Dencausse](/wiki/Jean_Dencausse \"Jean Dencausse\") (1:04\\.29\\)[Guillaume Laure](/wiki/Guillaume_Laure \"Guillaume Laure\") (56\\.30\\)[Rahiti De Vos](/wiki/Rahiti_De_Vos \"Rahiti De Vos\") (54\\.21\\) | | 3:53\\.50 | Q |\n 6 | 2 | 3 | [Koki Tsunefuka](/wiki/Koki_Tsunefuka \"Koki Tsunefuka\") (1:00\\.07\\)[Ippei Watanabe](/wiki/Ippei_Watanabe_%28swimmer%29 \"Ippei Watanabe (swimmer)\") (1:02\\.30\\)[Yudai Amada](/wiki/Yudai_Amada \"Yudai Amada\") (57\\.00\\)[Yuta Sato](/wiki/Yuta_Sato_%28swimmer%29 \"Yuta Sato (swimmer)\") (54\\.21\\) | | 3:53\\.58 | Q |\n 7 | 2 | 2 | [Guillermo Sánchez](/wiki/Guillermo_S%C3%A1nchez \"Guillermo Sánchez\") (1:00\\.87\\)[Gonzalo Carazo](/wiki/Gonzalo_Carazo \"Gonzalo Carazo\") (1:04\\.52\\)[Juan Marín](/wiki/Juan_Mar%C3%ADn_%28swimmer%29 \"Juan Marín (swimmer)\") (56\\.00\\)[Marc Vivas](/wiki/Marc_Vivas \"Marc Vivas\") (53\\.63\\) | | 3:55\\.02 | Q |\n 8 | 1 | 2 | [Patrick Conaton](/wiki/Patrick_Conaton \"Patrick Conaton\") (57\\.06\\)[Patrick Mulcare](/wiki/Patrick_Mulcare \"Patrick Mulcare\") (1:07\\.72\\)[Justin Wright](/wiki/Justin_Wright_%28swimmer%29 \"Justin Wright (swimmer)\") (57\\.02\\)[Patrick Ransford](/wiki/Patrick_Ransford \"Patrick Ransford\") (53\\.27\\) | | 3:55\\.07 | Q || | 1 | 3 | [Li Guangyuan](/wiki/Li_Guangyuan \"Li Guangyuan\") (55\\.09\\)[Zhang Zhihao](/wiki/Zhang_Zhihao_%28swimmer%29 \"Zhang Zhihao (swimmer)\") (1:03\\.10\\)[Li Zhuhao](/wiki/Li_Zhuhao \"Li Zhuhao\") [Yu Hexin](/wiki/Yu_Hexin \"Yu Hexin\") | | DSQ | |\n| | 1 | 4 | | | DNS | |\n\n### Final\n\nThe final was held at 19:17\\.\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | 4 | [Evgeny Rylov](/wiki/Evgeny_Rylov \"Evgeny Rylov\") (54\\.31\\)[Anton Chupkov](/wiki/Anton_Chupkov \"Anton Chupkov\") (1:00\\.38\\)[Aleksandr Sadovnikov](/wiki/Aleksandr_Sadovnikov \"Aleksandr Sadovnikov\") (53\\.24\\)[Filipp Shopin](/wiki/Filipp_Shopin \"Filipp Shopin\") (50\\.09\\) | | 3:38\\.02 | **[WJR](/wiki/List_of_Junior_world_records_in_swimming \"List of Junior world records in swimming\")** |\n| | 5 | [Marek Ulrich](/wiki/Marek_Ulrich \"Marek Ulrich\") (55\\.51\\)[Maximilian Pilger](/wiki/Maximilian_Pilger \"Maximilian Pilger\") (1:01\\.03\\)[Alexander Kunert](/wiki/Alexander_Kunert \"Alexander Kunert\") (54\\.07\\)[Damian Wierling](/wiki/Damian_Wierling \"Damian Wierling\") (48\\.69\\) | | 3:39\\.30 | |\n| | 6 | [Nic Groenewald](/wiki/Nic_Groenewald \"Nic Groenewald\") (55\\.98\\)[Grayson Bell](/wiki/Grayson_Bell \"Grayson Bell\") (1:02\\.26\\)[Nicholas Brown](/wiki/Nicholas_Brown_%28swimmer%29 \"Nicholas Brown (swimmer)\") (53\\.35\\)[Kyle Chalmers](/wiki/Kyle_Chalmers \"Kyle Chalmers\") (49\\.09\\) | | 3:40\\.68 | |\n| 4 | 3 | [Chris Reid](/wiki/Chris_Reid_%28swimmer%29 \"Chris Reid (swimmer)\") (55\\.69\\)[Jarred Crous](/wiki/Jarred_Crous \"Jarred Crous\") (1:01\\.29\\)[Joshua Steyn](/wiki/Joshua_Steyn \"Joshua Steyn\") (53\\.55\\)[Brent Szurdoki](/wiki/Brent_Szurdoki \"Brent Szurdoki\") (51\\.86\\) | | 3:42\\.39 | |\n| 5 | 2 | [Geoffroy Mathieu](/wiki/Geoffroy_Mathieu \"Geoffroy Mathieu\") (58\\.32\\)[Jean Dencausse](/wiki/Jean_Dencausse \"Jean Dencausse\") (1:02\\.50\\)[Guillaume Laure](/wiki/Guillaume_Laure \"Guillaume Laure\") (55\\.55\\)[Rahiti De Vos](/wiki/Rahiti_De_Vos \"Rahiti De Vos\") (52\\.43\\) | | 3:48\\.80 | |\n| 6 | 1 | [Guillermo Sánchez](/wiki/Guillermo_S%C3%A1nchez \"Guillermo Sánchez\") (59\\.06\\)[Gonzalo Carazo](/wiki/Gonzalo_Carazo \"Gonzalo Carazo\") (1:03\\.59\\)[Juan Marín](/wiki/Juan_Mar%C3%ADn_%28swimmer%29 \"Juan Marín (swimmer)\") (55\\.49\\)[Marc Vivas](/wiki/Marc_Vivas \"Marc Vivas\") (52\\.32\\) | | 3:50\\.46 | |\n| 7 | 7 | [Koki Tsunefuka](/wiki/Koki_Tsunefuka \"Koki Tsunefuka\") (59\\.90\\)[Yuta Sato](/wiki/Yuta_Sato_%28swimmer%29 \"Yuta Sato (swimmer)\") (1:04\\.22\\)[Yudai Amada](/wiki/Yudai_Amada \"Yudai Amada\") (57\\.17\\)[Ippei Watanabe](/wiki/Ippei_Watanabe_%28swimmer%29 \"Ippei Watanabe (swimmer)\") (51\\.31\\) | | 3:52\\.60 | |\n| | 8 | | | DNS | |\n\n",
"### Heats\n\nThe heats were held at 10:48\\.\n\n| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 1 | 2 | 6 | [Evgeny Rylov](/wiki/Evgeny_Rylov \"Evgeny Rylov\") (55\\.16\\)[Anton Chupkov](/wiki/Anton_Chupkov \"Anton Chupkov\") (1:01\\.54\\)[Aleksandr Sadovnikov](/wiki/Aleksandr_Sadovnikov \"Aleksandr Sadovnikov\") (54\\.23\\)[Filipp Shopin](/wiki/Filipp_Shopin \"Filipp Shopin\") (52\\.54\\) | | 3:43\\.47 | Q |\n 2 | 1 | 5 | [Marek Ulrich](/wiki/Marek_Ulrich \"Marek Ulrich\") (56\\.32\\)[Maximilian Pilger](/wiki/Maximilian_Pilger \"Maximilian Pilger\") (1:02\\.65\\)[Alexander Kunert](/wiki/Alexander_Kunert \"Alexander Kunert\") (55\\.21\\)[Damian Wierling](/wiki/Damian_Wierling \"Damian Wierling\") (51\\.37\\) | | 3:45\\.55 | Q |\n 3 | 1 | 6 | [Chris Reid](/wiki/Chris_Reid_%28swimmer%29 \"Chris Reid (swimmer)\") (56\\.72\\)[Jarred Crous](/wiki/Jarred_Crous \"Jarred Crous\") (1:02\\.35\\)[Joshua Steyn](/wiki/Joshua_Steyn \"Joshua Steyn\") (54\\.14\\)[Brent Szurdoki](/wiki/Brent_Szurdoki \"Brent Szurdoki\") (52\\.76\\) | | 3:45\\.97 | Q |\n 4 | 2 | 4 | [Nic Groenewald](/wiki/Nic_Groenewald \"Nic Groenewald\") (56\\.30\\)[Grayson Bell](/wiki/Grayson_Bell \"Grayson Bell\") (1:04\\.78\\)[Nicholas Brown](/wiki/Nicholas_Brown_%28swimmer%29 \"Nicholas Brown (swimmer)\") (55\\.80\\)[Kyle Chalmers](/wiki/Kyle_Chalmers \"Kyle Chalmers\") (51\\.21\\) | | 3:48\\.09 | Q |\n 5 | 2 | 5 | [Geoffroy Mathieu](/wiki/Geoffroy_Mathieu \"Geoffroy Mathieu\") (58\\.70\\)[Jean Dencausse](/wiki/Jean_Dencausse \"Jean Dencausse\") (1:04\\.29\\)[Guillaume Laure](/wiki/Guillaume_Laure \"Guillaume Laure\") (56\\.30\\)[Rahiti De Vos](/wiki/Rahiti_De_Vos \"Rahiti De Vos\") (54\\.21\\) | | 3:53\\.50 | Q |\n 6 | 2 | 3 | [Koki Tsunefuka](/wiki/Koki_Tsunefuka \"Koki Tsunefuka\") (1:00\\.07\\)[Ippei Watanabe](/wiki/Ippei_Watanabe_%28swimmer%29 \"Ippei Watanabe (swimmer)\") (1:02\\.30\\)[Yudai Amada](/wiki/Yudai_Amada \"Yudai Amada\") (57\\.00\\)[Yuta Sato](/wiki/Yuta_Sato_%28swimmer%29 \"Yuta Sato (swimmer)\") (54\\.21\\) | | 3:53\\.58 | Q |\n 7 | 2 | 2 | [Guillermo Sánchez](/wiki/Guillermo_S%C3%A1nchez \"Guillermo Sánchez\") (1:00\\.87\\)[Gonzalo Carazo](/wiki/Gonzalo_Carazo \"Gonzalo Carazo\") (1:04\\.52\\)[Juan Marín](/wiki/Juan_Mar%C3%ADn_%28swimmer%29 \"Juan Marín (swimmer)\") (56\\.00\\)[Marc Vivas](/wiki/Marc_Vivas \"Marc Vivas\") (53\\.63\\) | | 3:55\\.02 | Q |\n 8 | 1 | 2 | [Patrick Conaton](/wiki/Patrick_Conaton \"Patrick Conaton\") (57\\.06\\)[Patrick Mulcare](/wiki/Patrick_Mulcare \"Patrick Mulcare\") (1:07\\.72\\)[Justin Wright](/wiki/Justin_Wright_%28swimmer%29 \"Justin Wright (swimmer)\") (57\\.02\\)[Patrick Ransford](/wiki/Patrick_Ransford \"Patrick Ransford\") (53\\.27\\) | | 3:55\\.07 | Q || | 1 | 3 | [Li Guangyuan](/wiki/Li_Guangyuan \"Li Guangyuan\") (55\\.09\\)[Zhang Zhihao](/wiki/Zhang_Zhihao_%28swimmer%29 \"Zhang Zhihao (swimmer)\") (1:03\\.10\\)[Li Zhuhao](/wiki/Li_Zhuhao \"Li Zhuhao\") [Yu Hexin](/wiki/Yu_Hexin \"Yu Hexin\") | | DSQ | |\n| | 1 | 4 | | | DNS | |\n\n",
"### Final\n\nThe final was held at 19:17\\.\n\n| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | 4 | [Evgeny Rylov](/wiki/Evgeny_Rylov \"Evgeny Rylov\") (54\\.31\\)[Anton Chupkov](/wiki/Anton_Chupkov \"Anton Chupkov\") (1:00\\.38\\)[Aleksandr Sadovnikov](/wiki/Aleksandr_Sadovnikov \"Aleksandr Sadovnikov\") (53\\.24\\)[Filipp Shopin](/wiki/Filipp_Shopin \"Filipp Shopin\") (50\\.09\\) | | 3:38\\.02 | **[WJR](/wiki/List_of_Junior_world_records_in_swimming \"List of Junior world records in swimming\")** |\n| | 5 | [Marek Ulrich](/wiki/Marek_Ulrich \"Marek Ulrich\") (55\\.51\\)[Maximilian Pilger](/wiki/Maximilian_Pilger \"Maximilian Pilger\") (1:01\\.03\\)[Alexander Kunert](/wiki/Alexander_Kunert \"Alexander Kunert\") (54\\.07\\)[Damian Wierling](/wiki/Damian_Wierling \"Damian Wierling\") (48\\.69\\) | | 3:39\\.30 | |\n| | 6 | [Nic Groenewald](/wiki/Nic_Groenewald \"Nic Groenewald\") (55\\.98\\)[Grayson Bell](/wiki/Grayson_Bell \"Grayson Bell\") (1:02\\.26\\)[Nicholas Brown](/wiki/Nicholas_Brown_%28swimmer%29 \"Nicholas Brown (swimmer)\") (53\\.35\\)[Kyle Chalmers](/wiki/Kyle_Chalmers \"Kyle Chalmers\") (49\\.09\\) | | 3:40\\.68 | |\n| 4 | 3 | [Chris Reid](/wiki/Chris_Reid_%28swimmer%29 \"Chris Reid (swimmer)\") (55\\.69\\)[Jarred Crous](/wiki/Jarred_Crous \"Jarred Crous\") (1:01\\.29\\)[Joshua Steyn](/wiki/Joshua_Steyn \"Joshua Steyn\") (53\\.55\\)[Brent Szurdoki](/wiki/Brent_Szurdoki \"Brent Szurdoki\") (51\\.86\\) | | 3:42\\.39 | |\n| 5 | 2 | [Geoffroy Mathieu](/wiki/Geoffroy_Mathieu \"Geoffroy Mathieu\") (58\\.32\\)[Jean Dencausse](/wiki/Jean_Dencausse \"Jean Dencausse\") (1:02\\.50\\)[Guillaume Laure](/wiki/Guillaume_Laure \"Guillaume Laure\") (55\\.55\\)[Rahiti De Vos](/wiki/Rahiti_De_Vos \"Rahiti De Vos\") (52\\.43\\) | | 3:48\\.80 | |\n| 6 | 1 | [Guillermo Sánchez](/wiki/Guillermo_S%C3%A1nchez \"Guillermo Sánchez\") (59\\.06\\)[Gonzalo Carazo](/wiki/Gonzalo_Carazo \"Gonzalo Carazo\") (1:03\\.59\\)[Juan Marín](/wiki/Juan_Mar%C3%ADn_%28swimmer%29 \"Juan Marín (swimmer)\") (55\\.49\\)[Marc Vivas](/wiki/Marc_Vivas \"Marc Vivas\") (52\\.32\\) | | 3:50\\.46 | |\n| 7 | 7 | [Koki Tsunefuka](/wiki/Koki_Tsunefuka \"Koki Tsunefuka\") (59\\.90\\)[Yuta Sato](/wiki/Yuta_Sato_%28swimmer%29 \"Yuta Sato (swimmer)\") (1:04\\.22\\)[Yudai Amada](/wiki/Yudai_Amada \"Yudai Amada\") (57\\.17\\)[Ippei Watanabe](/wiki/Ippei_Watanabe_%28swimmer%29 \"Ippei Watanabe (swimmer)\") (51\\.31\\) | | 3:52\\.60 | |\n| | 8 | | | DNS | |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics](/wiki/Category:Swimming_at_the_2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics \"Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics\")\n[Category:Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metre_medley_relay \"Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Yuri Marushkin
|
{
"id": [
28779459
],
"name": [
"Lepricavark"
]
}
|
j0a5w43rkitrotol53fmfvpqiujirkb
|
2024-09-07T04:40:23Z
| 1,240,267,723 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Yuri Fyodorovich Marushkin** (; 10 July 1944 – 12 December 2015) was a Russian [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") player and manager.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1944 births](/wiki/Category:1944_births \"1944 births\")\n[Category:2015 deaths](/wiki/Category:2015_deaths \"2015 deaths\")\n[Category:Soviet men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Soviet_men%27s_footballers \"Soviet men's footballers\")\n[Category:FC Dynamo Bryansk players](/wiki/Category:FC_Dynamo_Bryansk_players \"FC Dynamo Bryansk players\")\n[Category:Soviet football managers](/wiki/Category:Soviet_football_managers \"Soviet football managers\")\n[Category:Russian football managers](/wiki/Category:Russian_football_managers \"Russian football managers\")\n[Category:FC Kuban Krasnodar managers](/wiki/Category:FC_Kuban_Krasnodar_managers \"FC Kuban Krasnodar managers\")\n[Category:FC Rotor Volgograd managers](/wiki/Category:FC_Rotor_Volgograd_managers \"FC Rotor Volgograd managers\")\n[Category:Russian Premier League managers](/wiki/Category:Russian_Premier_League_managers \"Russian Premier League managers\")\n[Category:FC Dynamo Moscow reserves players](/wiki/Category:FC_Dynamo_Moscow_reserves_players \"FC Dynamo Moscow reserves players\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:Footballers from Volgograd](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Volgograd \"Footballers from Volgograd\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Lynn Hettrick
|
{
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
}
|
4e3ipq8hc6ujab6igro8ua4tnxc8rm1
|
2023-08-28T09:31:12Z
| 1,126,292,904 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Lynn Clark Hettrick** (born March 13, 1944\\) was an American politician who was a Republican member of the [Nevada General Assembly](/wiki/Nevada_General_Assembly \"Nevada General Assembly\"). During his tenure, he was the Assembly Minority Leader for the 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2003 Special Sessions (two), 2004 Special Session, 2005, and 2005 Special Sessions. He was an investment manager by profession.<http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Division/Research/LegInfo/OHP/transcripts/Hettrick.pdf> \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1944 births](/wiki/Category:1944_births \"1944 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Politicians from Carmel\\-by\\-the\\-Sea, California](/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Carmel-by-the-Sea%2C_California \"Politicians from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California\")\n[Category:Republican Party members of the Nevada Assembly](/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_members_of_the_Nevada_Assembly \"Republican Party members of the Nevada Assembly\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Jeremiah J. Moriarty
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
7xnox2ekn4ms6mwu69ye7qpt3xuz9l4
|
2024-08-25T17:52:42Z
| 1,196,660,220 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Life",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Jeremiah John Moriarty** (July 5, 1914 – December 2, 1995\\) was an American lawyer and politician from [New York](/wiki/New_York_%28state%29 \"New York (state)\").\n\n",
"Life\n----\n\nHe was born on July 5, 1914, in [Buffalo, New York](/wiki/Buffalo%2C_New_York \"Buffalo, New York\"), the son of Jeremiah Moriarty (born 1885\\) and Bridget (Foley) Moriarty (born 1887\\). He attended [Lafayette High School](/wiki/Lafayette_High_School_%28Buffalo%2C_New_York%29 \"Lafayette High School (Buffalo, New York)\"). He graduated [B.A.](/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts \"Bachelor of Arts\") from [Canisius College](/wiki/Canisius_College \"Canisius College\") in 1936, and [LL.B.](/wiki/LL.B. \"LL.B.\") from [University of Buffalo Law School](/wiki/University_of_Buffalo_Law_School \"University of Buffalo Law School\") in 1939\\. In 1942, he married Helen Marie Rott (1922–2008\\), and they had five children.[*New York Red Book*](https://books.google.com/books?id=cvNWAAAAYAAJ&q=red+book+jeremiah+j+moriarty+born+1914) (1963–1964; pg. 87\\) During [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\") he served in the [U.S. Navy](/wiki/U.S._Navy \"U.S. Navy\"), attaining the rank of [lieutenant commander](/wiki/Lieutenant_commander \"Lieutenant commander\"). After the war he practiced law in [Franklinville](/wiki/Franklinville_%28village%29%2C_New_York \"Franklinville (village), New York\").\n\nMoriarty was a member of the [New York State Assembly](/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly \"New York State Assembly\") (Cattaraugus Co.) in [1961 and 1962](/wiki/173rd_New_York_State_Legislature \"173rd New York State Legislature\"); and a member of the [New York State Senate](/wiki/New_York_State_Senate \"New York State Senate\") from 1963 to 1965, sitting in the [174th](/wiki/174th_New_York_State_Legislature \"174th New York State Legislature\") and [175th New York State Legislatures](/wiki/175th_New_York_State_Legislature \"175th New York State Legislature\"). He was a delegate to the [New York State Constitutional Convention](/wiki/New_York_State_Constitutional_Convention \"New York State Constitutional Convention\") of 1967\\. In 1974, he was appointed to the [New York Court of Claims](/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Claims \"New York Court of Claims\"), and remained on the bench until the end of 1984 when he reached the constitutional age limit.\n\nHe died on December 2, 1995;[\"MORIARTY, JEREMIAH J.\"](http://sortedbyname.com/pages/m121162.html) at Social Security Info and was buried at the Mount Prospect Cemetery in Franklinville.\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n[Category:1914 births](/wiki/Category:1914_births \"1914 births\")\n[Category:1995 deaths](/wiki/Category:1995_deaths \"1995 deaths\")\n[Category:Politicians from Buffalo, New York](/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Buffalo%2C_New_York \"Politicians from Buffalo, New York\")\n[Category:People from Franklinville, New York](/wiki/Category:People_from_Franklinville%2C_New_York \"People from Franklinville, New York\")\n[Category:Republican Party New York (state) state senators](/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_New_York_%28state%29_state_senators \"Republican Party New York (state) state senators\")\n[Category:Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly](/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_members_of_the_New_York_State_Assembly \"Republican Party members of the New York State Assembly\")\n[Category:New York (state) state court judges](/wiki/Category:New_York_%28state%29_state_court_judges \"New York (state) state court judges\")\n[Category:Canisius University alumni](/wiki/Category:Canisius_University_alumni \"Canisius University alumni\")\n[Category:University at Buffalo Law School alumni](/wiki/Category:University_at_Buffalo_Law_School_alumni \"University at Buffalo Law School alumni\")\n[Category:United States Navy officers](/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy_officers \"United States Navy officers\")\n[Category:20th\\-century American lawyers](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_lawyers \"20th-century American lawyers\")\n[Category:20th\\-century American judges](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_judges \"20th-century American judges\")\n[Category:Lawyers from Buffalo, New York](/wiki/Category:Lawyers_from_Buffalo%2C_New_York \"Lawyers from Buffalo, New York\")\n[Category:20th\\-century American legislators](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_legislators \"20th-century American legislators\")\n[Category:20th\\-century New York (state) politicians](/wiki/Category:20th-century_New_York_%28state%29_politicians \"20th-century New York (state) politicians\")\n\n"
]
}
|
A Dog's Best Friend
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
grm69doh56xlk879p4b1tnnx39kpwou
|
2024-09-06T05:07:47Z
| 1,218,403,786 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Cast",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***A Dog's Best Friend*** is a 1959 American [Drama](/wiki/Drama_%28film_and_television%29 \"Drama (film and television)\") [Western](/wiki/Western_%28genre%29 \"Western (genre)\") film directed by [Edward L. Cahn](/wiki/Edward_L._Cahn \"Edward L. Cahn\") and written by [Orville H. Hampton](/wiki/Orville_H._Hampton \"Orville H. Hampton\"). The film stars [Bill Williams](/wiki/Bill_Williams_%28actor%29 \"Bill Williams (actor)\"), [Marcia Henderson](/wiki/Marcia_Henderson \"Marcia Henderson\"), [Roger Mobley](/wiki/Roger_Mobley \"Roger Mobley\"), [Roy Engel](/wiki/Roy_Engel \"Roy Engel\"), [Charles Cooper](/wiki/Charles_Cooper_%28actor%29 \"Charles Cooper (actor)\") and [Harry Dean Stanton](/wiki/Harry_Dean_Stanton \"Harry Dean Stanton\"). The film was released on December 20, 1959, by [United Artists](/wiki/United_Artists \"United Artists\").\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nOrphaned when his widowed father is executed for murder, Pip Wheeler is sent to live with rancher Wes Thurman and his wife Millie. The young boy's traumatic past makes him so withdrawn and difficult that the Thurmans consider returning him to the orphanage. Unknown to his foster parents, Pip finds a stray, hungry German shepherd, Silver King, guarding a .38 revolver one day and nurses the animal back to health and sneaks food from the Thurman house to feed him. Hiding the dog in the hills, Pip gradually gains the animal's trust, resulting in a softening of the boy's demeanor, which surprises the Thurmans, who know nothing of the blossoming friendship. Meanwhile, the shepherd's owner, miser Otto Tillman, who was rumored to keep a large amount of cash in his house, has been found murdered and Silver King is missing. Evidence at the scene of the crime leads officials to believe that Silver King, a war dog trained by the Marines, wounded the assailant during the murder, thus prompting Sheriff Dan Murdock to call for the dog to be found and shot. Meanwhile, the murderer, Roy Janney, lies suffering from gangrene in a motel with his partner in the crime, Deputy Sheriff Bill Beamer. Unable to seek medical attention for fear that Janney might be identified because of the dog bites, Beamer promises that they can leave town with the money once he finds the dog and the revolver that the animal snatched during their scuffle. Meanwhile, Wes, discovering that a dog has killed one of his lambs, tracks down Silver King and finds Pip with the gun drawn, guarding him. After Pip insists he would rather run away than give up the dog, Wes, convinced that Pip must go back to the county authorities, reports the incident at the police station. Beamer, who is also at the station, learns of Silver King's whereabouts and assumes he can finally recover his gun and dispose of the animal, thus destroying all the incriminating evidence. Soon after, following a lead about a man found dying in a nearby motel, Murdock and Wes go to the motel and discover Janney and the stolen money. When Janney confesses to killing Otto and names Beamer as his accomplice, Murdock and Wes deduce that Beamer will be hunting down Pip to destroy the gun and kill him and Silver King. Meanwhile, Beamer finds Pip in the hills, gets the gun and attempts to shoot the boy, but the dog leaps into the battle and saves Pip. When Wes and Murdock arrive at the scene, Beamer shoots and wounds Murdock but is knocked unconscious by Wes in the ensuing fight. Witnessing Wes's love for him, Pip happily returns to the Thurman house, where both he and Silver King accept their new, permanent home.\n\n",
"Cast\n----\n\n* [Bill Williams](/wiki/Bill_Williams_%28actor%29 \"Bill Williams (actor)\") as Wesley 'Wes' Thurman\n* [Marcia Henderson](/wiki/Marcia_Henderson \"Marcia Henderson\") as Millie Thurman\n* [Roger Mobley](/wiki/Roger_Mobley \"Roger Mobley\") as Pip Wheeler\n* [Roy Engel](/wiki/Roy_Engel \"Roy Engel\") as Sheriff Dan Murdock\n* [Charles Cooper](/wiki/Charles_Cooper_%28actor%29 \"Charles Cooper (actor)\") as Deputy Sheriff Bill Beamer\n* [Dean Stanton](/wiki/Harry_Dean_Stanton \"Harry Dean Stanton\") as Roy Janney\n* [Jimmy Baird](/wiki/Jimmy_Baird \"Jimmy Baird\") as Jimmy Thurman\n* Terry Ann Ross as Amy Thurman\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1959 films](/wiki/Category:1959_films \"1959 films\")\n[Category:1950s English\\-language films](/wiki/Category:1950s_English-language_films \"1950s English-language films\")\n[Category:United Artists films](/wiki/Category:United_Artists_films \"United Artists films\")\n[Category:American drama films](/wiki/Category:American_drama_films \"American drama films\")\n[Category:1959 drama films](/wiki/Category:1959_drama_films \"1959 drama films\")\n[Category:American Western (genre) films](/wiki/Category:American_Western_%28genre%29_films \"American Western (genre) films\")\n[Category:1959 Western (genre) films](/wiki/Category:1959_Western_%28genre%29_films \"1959 Western (genre) films\")\n[Category:Films directed by Edward L. Cahn](/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Edward_L._Cahn \"Films directed by Edward L. Cahn\")\n[Category:Films scored by Paul Sawtell](/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Paul_Sawtell \"Films scored by Paul Sawtell\")\n[Category:Films scored by Bert Shefter](/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Bert_Shefter \"Films scored by Bert Shefter\")\n[Category:1950s American films](/wiki/Category:1950s_American_films \"1950s American films\")\n[Category:English\\-language Western (genre) films](/wiki/Category:English-language_Western_%28genre%29_films \"English-language Western (genre) films\")\n\n"
]
}
|
David Smyth (footballer)
|
{
"id": [
4761363
],
"name": [
"Struway2"
]
}
|
m3utvvctodxzc6byxuz94eh5hhqyafc
|
2023-11-02T21:38:27Z
| 1,164,314,922 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Football career",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**David Smyth** ( – after 1937\\) was a Scottish [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who played as a [centre forward](/wiki/Centre_forward \"Centre forward\") in [the Football League](/wiki/The_Football_League \"The Football League\") for [Darlington](/wiki/Darlington_F.C. \"Darlington F.C.\"). He played for [Scottish junior](/wiki/Scottish_Junior_Football_Association \"Scottish Junior Football Association\") clubs [Maryhill](/wiki/Maryhill_F.C. \"Maryhill F.C.\") and [Petershill](/wiki/Petershill_F.C. \"Petershill F.C.\"), and was on the books of [Aston Villa](/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C. \"Aston Villa F.C.\") and [Newcastle United](/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C. \"Newcastle United F.C.\") in England without playing first\\-team football for either.\n\n",
"Football career\n---------------\n\nSmyth was born in [Clydebank](/wiki/Clydebank \"Clydebank\"), Scotland. He played football as a [centre forward](/wiki/Centre_forward \"Centre forward\") for [Glasgow](/wiki/Glasgow \"Glasgow\")\\-based [junior](/wiki/Scottish_Junior_Football_Association \"Scottish Junior Football Association\") club [Maryhill](/wiki/Maryhill_F.C. \"Maryhill F.C.\"), but was not retained at the end of the 1934–35 season, and moved on to nearby [Petershill](/wiki/Petershill_F.C. \"Petershill F.C.\"). In November 1922, amid interest from [Scottish Division One](/wiki/Scottish_Division_One \"Scottish Division One\") club [St Johnstone](/wiki/St_Johnstone_F.C. \"St Johnstone F.C.\"), he was reported to have \"flung up a good job in Glasgow\" to make a career in English football with [First Division](/wiki/Football_League_First_Division \"Football League First Division\") club [Aston Villa](/wiki/Aston_Villa \"Aston Villa\"). The *[Dundee Courier](/wiki/Dundee_Courier \"Dundee Courier\")* understood that Petershill \"\\[had] come out of the deal handsomely\".\n\nHe played for Villa's \"A\" team in the [Birmingham Combination](/wiki/Birmingham_Combination \"Birmingham Combination\"), but not for the first team, and soon moved on to Second Division [Newcastle United](/wiki/Newcastle_United \"Newcastle United\"). He played for the club's reserve team, but again, not for the first team, and was listed for transfer at the end of the 1936–37 season. Smyth signed for [Third Division North](/wiki/Football_League_Third_Division_North \"Football League Third Division North\") club [Darlington](/wiki/Darlington_F.C. \"Darlington F.C.\") in August 1937, and finally made his senior debut. By 26 October, he already had five league goals, and he finished the season, and his Darlington career, with six goals from 19 appearances in [the Football League](/wiki/The_Football_League \"The Football League\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1910s births](/wiki/Category:1910s_births \"1910s births\")\n[Category:Year of death missing](/wiki/Category:Year_of_death_missing \"Year of death missing\")\n[Category:Footballers from Clydebank](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Clydebank \"Footballers from Clydebank\")\n[Category:Scottish men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Scottish_men%27s_footballers \"Scottish men's footballers\")\n[Category:Men's association football forwards](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_forwards \"Men's association football forwards\")\n[Category:Maryhill F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Maryhill_F.C._players \"Maryhill F.C. players\")\n[Category:Petershill F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Petershill_F.C._players \"Petershill F.C. players\")\n[Category:Aston Villa F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Aston_Villa_F.C._players \"Aston Villa F.C. players\")\n[Category:Newcastle United F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Newcastle_United_F.C._players \"Newcastle United F.C. players\")\n[Category:Darlington F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Darlington_F.C._players \"Darlington F.C. players\")\n[Category:Scottish Junior Football Association players](/wiki/Category:Scottish_Junior_Football_Association_players \"Scottish Junior Football Association players\")\n[Category:English Football League players](/wiki/Category:English_Football_League_players \"English Football League players\")\n[Category:Place of death missing](/wiki/Category:Place_of_death_missing \"Place of death missing\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Santa Catalina Parish Church (Arayat)
|
{
"id": [
16758655
],
"name": [
"Sanglahi86"
]
}
|
lsofrolqvickl7eyj681tkhc6exjum2
|
2024-09-21T17:45:43Z
| 1,246,889,610 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Architectural history",
"Architectural features",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Santa Catalina de Alexandria Parish Church**, also known as **Saint Catherine of Alexandria Parish Church** or **Arayat Church**, is [Renaissance](/wiki/Renaissance_architecture \"Renaissance architecture\")\\-style [Roman Catholic](/wiki/Roman_Catholic \"Roman Catholic\") church in [Arayat](/wiki/Arayat%2C_Pampanga \"Arayat, Pampanga\"), [Pampanga](/wiki/Pampanga \"Pampanga\"), [Philippines](/wiki/Philippines \"Philippines\"). Since its initial construction during the late 1700s, it has been subjected to major alterations such as addition of decorative ornaments and [reliefs](/wiki/Relief \"Relief\") and re\\-painting works.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nOn August 29, 1590, Bishop Domingo Salazar approved the request of [Augustinians](/wiki/Augustinians \"Augustinians\") to establish its first [mission](/wiki/Christian_mission \"Christian mission\") at the town of Arayat. In 1600, Fray Contreras established the parish church of Arayat. The church was dedicated to Santa [Catalina de Alejandria](/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria \"Catherine of Alexandria\"), a 4th\\-century martyr. She was considered as one of the most important saints of the Medieval Period. Her feast day is celebrated every November 25\\.\n\n",
"Architectural history\n---------------------\n\nSanta Catalina Church was built in 1753, based on the canonical books stating that baptismal activities have been conducted by Fray Villalobos since 1758\\. At present, it belongs to the parish of the Vicariate of Mary, Help of Christians, in the Archdiocese of San Fernando.\n\n* Fr. Jose Torres – made restorations on the church in 1858\\.\n* Fr. Juan Tarrero – continued the restoration work initiated by Fr. Jose Torres. However, he was not able to finish it due to the [Philippine Revolution](/wiki/Philippine_Revolution \"Philippine Revolution\").\n* Fr. Urbano Bedoya – In 1892, he finished the restoration work began by his predecessors.\n",
"Architectural features\n----------------------\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Church interior in 2014](/wiki/File:FvfArayat7959_09.JPG \"FvfArayat7959 09.JPG\")\n\nSanta Catalina Church measures long and wide. It is in height.\n\nThe [Renaissance](/wiki/Renaissance_architecture \"Renaissance architecture\")\\-style facade is characterized with its frontal [arcade](/wiki/Arcade_%28architecture%29 \"Arcade (architecture)\") on the second level and [Celtic\\-like cross](/wiki/Celtic_cross \"Celtic cross\") windows on the sides. Another feature is the [pediment](/wiki/Pediment \"Pediment\") with its axial feature of a blind pointed archway framing a small [semicircular arched](/wiki/Semicircular_arch \"Semicircular arch\") window placed underneath a superimposed [gabled](/wiki/Gable \"Gable\") plane. An image of Santa Catalina is located at the [portico](/wiki/Portico \"Portico\") of the church while a separate antique image is located at the main altar. The [bell tower](/wiki/Bell_tower \"Bell tower\") at the left has [chamfered](/wiki/Chamfer \"Chamfer\") corners and was covered by a [domical](/wiki/Dome \"Dome\") roof. At present, it has been replaced by intersecting [gable roofs](/wiki/Gable_roof \"Gable roof\").\n\nA marble engraving is present at the topmost part of the arched main doorway. It states:\n\n\"***JUAN MEDINA LUISA GABRIEL***: \"\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Pampanga](/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_churches_in_Pampanga \"Roman Catholic churches in Pampanga\")\n[Category:Augustinian churches in the Philippines](/wiki/Category:Augustinian_churches_in_the_Philippines \"Augustinian churches in the Philippines\")\n[Category:Churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando](/wiki/Category:Churches_in_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_San_Fernando \"Churches in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Fernando\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Taelosilla
|
{
"id": [
37184876
],
"name": [
"UnaToFiAN-1"
]
}
|
0mfdy5nz6r7j8cz7sh8nc35izkf399r
|
2020-01-31T05:25:41Z
| 904,290,443 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Taelosilla lateralis*** is a species of [beetle](/wiki/Beetle \"Beetle\") in the family [Cerambycidae](/wiki/Cerambycidae \"Cerambycidae\"), and the only species in the genus ***Taelosilla***. It was described by Thomson in 1868\\.[Biolib.cz \\- *Taelosilla lateralis*](https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id305888/). Retrieved on 8 September 2014\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Desmiphorini](/wiki/Category:Desmiphorini \"Desmiphorini\")\n[Category:Beetles described in 1868](/wiki/Category:Beetles_described_in_1868 \"Beetles described in 1868\")\n[Category:Monotypic beetle genera](/wiki/Category:Monotypic_beetle_genera \"Monotypic beetle genera\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Wal Gillard
|
{
"id": [
8214752
],
"name": [
"Gibbsyspin"
]
}
|
ou6svc4mk2lgmm0xlzeq5mz02ri4776
|
2023-10-06T00:29:30Z
| 1,153,572,312 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Notes",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n \n\n**Walter Worthy Gillard** (10 July 1874 – 8 October 1931\\) was an [Australian rules footballer](/wiki/Australian_rules_football \"Australian rules football\") who played with [Collingwood](/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club \"Collingwood Football Club\") in the [Victorian Football League](/wiki/Australian_Football_League \"Australian Football League\") (VFL).\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Wal Gillard's profile](https://forever.collingwoodfc.com.au/players/wal-gillard/) at Collingwood Forever\n\n[Category:1874 births](/wiki/Category:1874_births \"1874 births\")\n[Category:1931 deaths](/wiki/Category:1931_deaths \"1931 deaths\")\n[Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)](/wiki/Category:Australian_rules_footballers_from_Victoria_%28state%29 \"Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)\")\n[Category:Australian Rules footballers: place kick exponents](/wiki/Category:Australian_Rules_footballers:_place_kick_exponents \"Australian Rules footballers: place kick exponents\")\n[Category:Collingwood Football Club (VFA) players](/wiki/Category:Collingwood_Football_Club_%28VFA%29_players \"Collingwood Football Club (VFA) players\")\n[Category:Collingwood Football Club players](/wiki/Category:Collingwood_Football_Club_players \"Collingwood Football Club players\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Live Versions
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
hbld7clthwepb34wdx7j09uc7wh78cz
|
2024-01-25T12:35:03Z
| 1,137,153,367 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Track listing",
"Personnel",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Live Versions*** is the first [live album](/wiki/Live_album \"Live album\") by the Australian [psychedelic rock](/wiki/Psychedelic_rock \"Psychedelic rock\") band [Tame Impala](/wiki/Tame_Impala \"Tame Impala\"), released on 19 April 2014 ([Record Store Day](/wiki/Record_Store_Day \"Record Store Day\")) by [Modular Recordings](/wiki/Modular_Recordings \"Modular Recordings\").\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\nAll songs written by [Kevin Parker](/wiki/Kevin_Parker_%28musician%29 \"Kevin Parker (musician)\"), except \"Apocalypse Dreams\", written by Kevin Parker and Jay Watson.\n\n",
"Personnel\n---------\n\n* [Kevin Parker](/wiki/Kevin_Parker_%28musician%29 \"Kevin Parker (musician)\") – vocals, guitar\n* Jay Watson – keys, synth, backing vocals\n* Dominic Simper – guitar, keys\n* Cam Avery – bass\n* Julien Barbagallo \\- drums\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:2014 live albums](/wiki/Category:2014_live_albums \"2014 live albums\")\n[Category:Tame Impala live albums](/wiki/Category:Tame_Impala_live_albums \"Tame Impala live albums\")\n[Category:Modular Recordings live albums](/wiki/Category:Modular_Recordings_live_albums \"Modular Recordings live albums\")\n[Category:Albums produced by Kevin Parker](/wiki/Category:Albums_produced_by_Kevin_Parker \"Albums produced by Kevin Parker\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Cleve McDiarmid
|
{
"id": [
12875939
],
"name": [
"WhiteHartLane"
]
}
|
i4mp8zl4b7na478voyzgld1ncmlcqnq
|
2021-03-08T01:13:47Z
| 1,009,911,916 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n \n \n**Daniel Leslie Clevedon McDiarmid** (16 July 1901 — 13 July 1959\\) was an [Australian rules footballer](/wiki/Australian_rules_football \"Australian rules football\") who played for [Geelong](/wiki/Geelong_Football_Club \"Geelong Football Club\") in the [Victorian Football League](/wiki/Victorian_Football_League_%281897%E2%80%931989%29 \"Victorian Football League (1897–1989)\") (now known as the Australian Football League).\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1901 births](/wiki/Category:1901_births \"1901 births\")\n[Category:1959 deaths](/wiki/Category:1959_deaths \"1959 deaths\")\n[Category:Geelong Football Club players](/wiki/Category:Geelong_Football_Club_players \"Geelong Football Club players\")\n[Category:Kalgoorlie Railways Football Club players](/wiki/Category:Kalgoorlie_Railways_Football_Club_players \"Kalgoorlie Railways Football Club players\")\n[Category:Australian rules footballers from Western Australia](/wiki/Category:Australian_rules_footballers_from_Western_Australia \"Australian rules footballers from Western Australia\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Academic ranks in the United Kingdom
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2A01:CB00:9D8:B00:8C9:D65B:A750:4D1D"
]
}
|
oiju3z7piy53pi3w1pzd4oe8znstllz
|
2024-10-13T11:00:04Z
| 1,250,927,050 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Professors",
"Named professorships",
"Professors of music",
"Pathways",
"Research and teaching career pathway",
"Research and teaching career pathway at the University of Oxford",
"Research career pathway",
"Teaching career pathway",
"Emeritus ranks",
"Honorary/visiting ranks",
"Administrative ranks: England, Wales, and Northern Ireland",
"Administrative ranks: Scotland",
"Comparison",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|The Backs at Cambridge](/wiki/File:ClareCollegeAndKingsChapel.jpg \"ClareCollegeAndKingsChapel.jpg\")\n[Academic ranks](/wiki/Academic_ranks \"Academic ranks\") in the United Kingdom are the titles, relative seniority and responsibility of employees in universities. In general the country has three academic career pathways: one focused on research, one on teaching, and one that combines the two.\n\n",
"Professors\n----------\n\nIn the United Kingdom, like most [Commonwealth](/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations \"Commonwealth of Nations\") countries (excluding Australia and Canada), as well as in Ireland, traditionally a professor held either an established chair or a personal chair. An established chair is established by the university to meet its needs for academic leadership and standing in a particular area or discipline and the post is filled from a shortlist of applicants; only a suitably qualified person will be appointed. A personal chair is awarded specifically to an individual in recognition of their high levels of achievements and standing in their particular area or discipline. \n\nIn most universities, professorships are reserved for only the most senior academic staff, and other academics are generally known as '[lecturers](/wiki/Lecturer \"Lecturer\")', '[senior lecturers](/wiki/Senior_lecturer \"Senior lecturer\")' and '[readers](/wiki/Reader_%28academic_rank%29 \"Reader (academic rank)\")' (in some Commonwealth countries such as Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, the title 'associate professor' can be used instead of 'reader'). In some countries, senior lecturers are generally paid the same as readers, but the latter title is awarded primarily for research excellence, and traditionally carries higher prestige. Traditionally, heads of departments and other senior academic leadership roles within a university were undertaken by professors.\n[thumb\\|[Christ Church](/wiki/Christ_Church%2C_Oxford \"Christ Church, Oxford\"), University of Oxford](/wiki/File:Tom_Quad%2C_Christ_Church_2004-01-21.jpg \"Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg\")\nDuring the 1990s, however, the [University of Oxford](/wiki/University_of_Oxford \"University of Oxford\") introduced [Titles of Distinction](/wiki/Title_of_Distinction \"Title of Distinction\"), enabling their holders to be termed professors or readers while holding academic posts at the level of lecturer. This results in a two\\-tier professoriate, with statutory professors – or named chairs – having higher status than the relatively recently created category of titular professors. Similar hierarchies among the professoriate exist in a small number of other UK universities. Some universities, including the [University of Exeter](/wiki/University_of_Exeter \"University of Exeter\"), [University of Reading](/wiki/University_of_Reading \"University of Reading\"), [University of Warwick](/wiki/University_of_Warwick \"University of Warwick\"), [Staffordshire University](/wiki/Staffordshire_University \"Staffordshire University\"), [Swansea University](/wiki/Swansea_University \"Swansea University\"), [University of Birmingham](/wiki/University_of_Birmingham \"University of Birmingham\") and [Kingston University](/wiki/Kingston_University \"Kingston University\") have adopted the style of 'associate professor' in lieu of 'reader'. The varied practices these changes have brought about have meant that academic ranks in the United Kingdom and in Australia are no longer quite as consistent as they once were.\n\nIn 2021, the [University of Cambridge](/wiki/University_of_Cambridge \"University of Cambridge\") introduced a new structure. The academic rank structure is superseded by the new structure.\n\n| \\+ Reformed academic rank structure of the University of Cambridge |\n| --- |\n| Previous structure | New structure | Grade |\n| Professor | Professor | 12 |\n| Reader | Professor | 11 |\n| University Senior Lecturer | Associate Professor | 10 |\n| University Lecturer (post‑probation) | Associate Professor | 9 |\n| University Lecturer (pre‑probation) | Assistant Professor | 9 |\n\nIn the UK the title 'Professor' has historically been reserved for full professors, with lecturers, senior lecturers, and readers generally addressed by their academic qualification (Dr for the holder of a doctorate, Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/Mx otherwise). However, the current University of Oxford *Style Guide* now notes that Associate Professors \"*may, if they wish, use the title of ‘Professor’, or they may keep their previous title of ‘Dr*’. As in the USA, the title of 'professor [emeritus](/wiki/Emeritus \"Emeritus\")' may be awarded to a retired or former professor, who may well retain formal or informal links with the institution where the chair was formerly held.\n\n### Named professorships\n\nMany professorships are named in honour of a distinguished person or after the person who endowed the chair. Some chairs have a long history and considerable prestige attached, such as the [Gresham professorships](/wiki/Professorships_at_Gresham_College \"Professorships at Gresham College\"), which date back to the 16th century, [Regius professorships](/wiki/Regius_Professor \"Regius Professor\"), and the [Lucasian Professor of Mathematics](/wiki/Lucasian_Professor_of_Mathematics \"Lucasian Professor of Mathematics\"). Some academic societies and professional institutions also award or designate certain post holders or members as 'professor'; these are usually personal awards. The [College of Teachers](/wiki/College_of_Teachers \"College of Teachers\"), formerly the College of Preceptors, is a long\\-standing example of this, as are the amalgamated bodies included in the Society of Teachers in Business Education.\n\n### Professors of music\n\nInstructors at many music [conservatoires](/wiki/Music_school \"Music school\") in the UK are known as professors; for example 'professor of violin'. In the United Kingdom and Ireland the term 'professor' is properly and in formal situations given to singing and instrumental tutors in the music colleges / conservatories of music, usually the older and more august ones: The [Royal College of Music](/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music \"Royal College of Music\"), [Royal Academy of Music](/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music \"Royal Academy of Music\"), [Trinity College of Music](/wiki/Trinity_College_of_Music \"Trinity College of Music\"). The expression has become almost obsolete for singing and instrumental tuition in the universities. The same convention applies throughout Europe in the National Colleges of Music.\n\n",
"### Named professorships\n\nMany professorships are named in honour of a distinguished person or after the person who endowed the chair. Some chairs have a long history and considerable prestige attached, such as the [Gresham professorships](/wiki/Professorships_at_Gresham_College \"Professorships at Gresham College\"), which date back to the 16th century, [Regius professorships](/wiki/Regius_Professor \"Regius Professor\"), and the [Lucasian Professor of Mathematics](/wiki/Lucasian_Professor_of_Mathematics \"Lucasian Professor of Mathematics\"). Some academic societies and professional institutions also award or designate certain post holders or members as 'professor'; these are usually personal awards. The [College of Teachers](/wiki/College_of_Teachers \"College of Teachers\"), formerly the College of Preceptors, is a long\\-standing example of this, as are the amalgamated bodies included in the Society of Teachers in Business Education.\n\n",
"### Professors of music\n\nInstructors at many music [conservatoires](/wiki/Music_school \"Music school\") in the UK are known as professors; for example 'professor of violin'. In the United Kingdom and Ireland the term 'professor' is properly and in formal situations given to singing and instrumental tutors in the music colleges / conservatories of music, usually the older and more august ones: The [Royal College of Music](/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music \"Royal College of Music\"), [Royal Academy of Music](/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music \"Royal Academy of Music\"), [Trinity College of Music](/wiki/Trinity_College_of_Music \"Trinity College of Music\"). The expression has become almost obsolete for singing and instrumental tuition in the universities. The same convention applies throughout Europe in the National Colleges of Music.\n\n",
"Pathways\n--------\n\n### Research and teaching career pathway\n\nAcademic staff whose responsibilities encompass both research and teaching:\n* [Professor](/wiki/Professor_%28highest_academic_rank%29 \"Professor (highest academic rank)\")\n* [Reader](/wiki/Reader_%28academic_rank%29 \"Reader (academic rank)\") (or principal lecturer in some [post\\-1992 institutions](/wiki/New_Universities \"New Universities\"))\n* Senior lecturer (not all universities have this title)\n* Lecturer or clinical lecturer: this is largely equivalent to an 'Assistant Professor' rank at a US university\n* Assistant lecturer, demonstrator, seminar leader, associate lecturer, graduate teaching assistant\n\nHowever, it is becoming increasingly common for [Russell Group](/wiki/Russell_Group \"Russell Group\") universities to use some form of hybrid terminology: [LSE](/wiki/London_School_of_Economics \"London School of Economics\") has adopted the American terminology entirely, while [UCL](/wiki/University_College_London \"University College London\") has retained the role of lecturer, but replaced senior lecturer and reader with associate professor.\n\n### Research and teaching career pathway at the University of Oxford\n\n \nSpecific to the [University of Oxford](/wiki/University_of_Oxford \"University of Oxford\"):\n* [Professor](/wiki/Professor_%28highest_academic_rank%29 \"Professor (highest academic rank)\") (professors and other title holders (university lecturers, senior research fellows, etc.) with a titular professorship)\n* ([Reader](/wiki/Reader_%28academic_rank%29 \"Reader (academic rank)\")) (Oxford has abolished this grade with no new appointments to this title)\n* [Associate professor](/wiki/Associate_Professor_%28Commonwealth%29 \"Associate Professor (Commonwealth)\") (university lecturers and other title holders with a titular associate professorship)\n* Departmental lecturer (non\\-ladder faculty position employed or paid by the university)\n[thumb\\|250px\\|Academics of [King's College London](/wiki/King%27s_College_London \"King's College London\") of [University of London](/wiki/University_of_London \"University of London\"), ranging from professors to lecturers, in their academic regalia during a graduation ceremony.](/wiki/File:KCL_Graduation_Barbican_2010a.jpg \"KCL Graduation Barbican 2010a.jpg\")\n\n### Research career pathway\n\nAcademic staff whose main focus is research:\n* Professorial research fellow / director of research\n* Principal research fellow / principal research associate\n* Senior research fellow\n* Research fellow\n* Research associate\n* Research assistant\n* Research support\n\n### Teaching career pathway\n\nAcademic staff whose main focus is essential teaching, educational needs, and for senior grades, often pedagogic research:\n* Professorial teaching fellow / professor\n* Principal teaching fellow / principal lecturer\n* Senior teaching fellow / senior university teacher / senior lecturer\n* Teaching fellow / university teacher / lecturer\n* Teaching associate\n\nNote that some universities (for example, the [University of Glasgow](/wiki/University_of_Glasgow \"University of Glasgow\")) give the same titles as Research \\& Teaching track academics to give parity to the roles.\n\n### Emeritus ranks\n\n* Emeritus professor\n* Emeritus reader\n* Senior fellow\n* Fellow\n\n### Honorary/visiting ranks\n\nCommon titles for honorary, visiting and honorary visiting academics:\n* Honorary/visiting professor *or* honorary/visiting professorial fellow\n* Honorary/visiting reader *or* honorary/visiting associate professor or honorary/visiting principal lecturer\n* Honorary/visiting senior lecturer *or* honorary/visiting senior fellow\n* Honorary/visiting lecturer *or* honorary/visiting fellow\n### Administrative ranks: England, Wales, and Northern Ireland\n* Chancellor (titular)\n* Pro\\-chancellor (titular)\n* Vice\\-chancellor (sometimes provost; increasingly 'vice\\-chancellor and chief executive officer' )\n* Deputy vice\\-chancellor\n* Pro\\-vice\\-chancellor\n* Deans of faculties\n* Heads of departments/schools\n* Department/school [directors of studies](/wiki/Director_of_studies \"Director of studies\")\n\n### Administrative ranks: Scotland\n\n* Chancellor (titular)\n* Rector ([ancient universities](/wiki/Ancient_universities \"Ancient universities\") only)\n* Principal (who is also vice\\-chancellor)\n* Deputy principal\n* Vice\\-principals\n* Deans of faculties\n* Heads of departments/schools\n* Department/school directors of studies, or personal tutors\n",
"### Research and teaching career pathway\n\nAcademic staff whose responsibilities encompass both research and teaching:\n* [Professor](/wiki/Professor_%28highest_academic_rank%29 \"Professor (highest academic rank)\")\n* [Reader](/wiki/Reader_%28academic_rank%29 \"Reader (academic rank)\") (or principal lecturer in some [post\\-1992 institutions](/wiki/New_Universities \"New Universities\"))\n* Senior lecturer (not all universities have this title)\n* Lecturer or clinical lecturer: this is largely equivalent to an 'Assistant Professor' rank at a US university\n* Assistant lecturer, demonstrator, seminar leader, associate lecturer, graduate teaching assistant\n\nHowever, it is becoming increasingly common for [Russell Group](/wiki/Russell_Group \"Russell Group\") universities to use some form of hybrid terminology: [LSE](/wiki/London_School_of_Economics \"London School of Economics\") has adopted the American terminology entirely, while [UCL](/wiki/University_College_London \"University College London\") has retained the role of lecturer, but replaced senior lecturer and reader with associate professor.\n\n",
"### Research and teaching career pathway at the University of Oxford\n\n \nSpecific to the [University of Oxford](/wiki/University_of_Oxford \"University of Oxford\"):\n* [Professor](/wiki/Professor_%28highest_academic_rank%29 \"Professor (highest academic rank)\") (professors and other title holders (university lecturers, senior research fellows, etc.) with a titular professorship)\n* ([Reader](/wiki/Reader_%28academic_rank%29 \"Reader (academic rank)\")) (Oxford has abolished this grade with no new appointments to this title)\n* [Associate professor](/wiki/Associate_Professor_%28Commonwealth%29 \"Associate Professor (Commonwealth)\") (university lecturers and other title holders with a titular associate professorship)\n* Departmental lecturer (non\\-ladder faculty position employed or paid by the university)\n[thumb\\|250px\\|Academics of [King's College London](/wiki/King%27s_College_London \"King's College London\") of [University of London](/wiki/University_of_London \"University of London\"), ranging from professors to lecturers, in their academic regalia during a graduation ceremony.](/wiki/File:KCL_Graduation_Barbican_2010a.jpg \"KCL Graduation Barbican 2010a.jpg\")\n\n",
"### Research career pathway\n\nAcademic staff whose main focus is research:\n* Professorial research fellow / director of research\n* Principal research fellow / principal research associate\n* Senior research fellow\n* Research fellow\n* Research associate\n* Research assistant\n* Research support\n\n",
"### Teaching career pathway\n\nAcademic staff whose main focus is essential teaching, educational needs, and for senior grades, often pedagogic research:\n* Professorial teaching fellow / professor\n* Principal teaching fellow / principal lecturer\n* Senior teaching fellow / senior university teacher / senior lecturer\n* Teaching fellow / university teacher / lecturer\n* Teaching associate\n\nNote that some universities (for example, the [University of Glasgow](/wiki/University_of_Glasgow \"University of Glasgow\")) give the same titles as Research \\& Teaching track academics to give parity to the roles.\n\n",
"### Emeritus ranks\n\n* Emeritus professor\n* Emeritus reader\n* Senior fellow\n* Fellow\n",
"### Honorary/visiting ranks\n\nCommon titles for honorary, visiting and honorary visiting academics:\n* Honorary/visiting professor *or* honorary/visiting professorial fellow\n* Honorary/visiting reader *or* honorary/visiting associate professor or honorary/visiting principal lecturer\n* Honorary/visiting senior lecturer *or* honorary/visiting senior fellow\n* Honorary/visiting lecturer *or* honorary/visiting fellow\n\n",
"### Administrative ranks: England, Wales, and Northern Ireland\n\n* Chancellor (titular)\n* Pro\\-chancellor (titular)\n* Vice\\-chancellor (sometimes provost; increasingly 'vice\\-chancellor and chief executive officer' )\n* Deputy vice\\-chancellor\n* Pro\\-vice\\-chancellor\n* Deans of faculties\n* Heads of departments/schools\n* Department/school [directors of studies](/wiki/Director_of_studies \"Director of studies\")\n",
"### Administrative ranks: Scotland\n\n* Chancellor (titular)\n* Rector ([ancient universities](/wiki/Ancient_universities \"Ancient universities\") only)\n* Principal (who is also vice\\-chancellor)\n* Deputy principal\n* Vice\\-principals\n* Deans of faculties\n* Heads of departments/schools\n* Department/school directors of studies, or personal tutors\n",
"Comparison\n----------\n\n| [Commonwealth](/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations \"Commonwealth of Nations\") system | [United States](/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_the_United_States \"Academic ranks in the United States\") system | [German](/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_Germany \"Academic ranks in Germany\") system | [French](/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_France \"Academic ranks in France\") system |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Professor (chair) | Professor, distinguished professor, chaired professor, or equivalent | Professor (ordinarius, W3 with chair, C4\\) | Professeur des universités, Directeur de recherche |\n| Reader, Principal Lecturer, Associate Professor | Professor | Professor (extraordinarius, W2, W3 without chair, C3\\) |\n| [Senior lecturer](/wiki/Senior_lecturer \"Senior lecturer\") | Associate professor | Hochschuldozent, Oberassistent (W2, C2\\), Privatdozent | Maître de conférences, Chargé de recherche |\n| [Lecturer](/wiki/Lecturer \"Lecturer\") | Assistant professor | Privatdozent, Juniorprofessor, Wissenschaftlicher Assistent, Akademischer Rat (W1, C1, A13\\) |\n| Assistant lecturer, demonstrator, seminar leader | Research Associate, lecturer, researcher, instructor | Privatdozent, Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter ohne eigenständige Lehrbefugnis | Attaché temporaire d'enseignement et de recherche (ATER) |\n| | Adjunct professor | Privatdozent, Honorarprofessor | Chargé de cours |\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Lecturer § Tenure](/wiki/Lecturer%23Tenure \"Lecturer#Tenure\")\n* [Fellow](/wiki/Fellow \"Fellow\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Academic ranks](/wiki/Category:Academic_ranks \"Academic ranks\")\n[Category:Education in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Education_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Education in the United Kingdom\")\n[Ranks](/wiki/Category:Academia_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Academia in the United Kingdom\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Greg Ketterman
|
{
"id": [
39374154
],
"name": [
"Michaelwallace22"
]
}
|
r3ywgjlub1oscdoorcpptomt9ecm5uu
|
2024-08-31T02:38:03Z
| 1,243,043,864 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Designs",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Greg Ketterman** is a [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") [multihull](/wiki/Multihull \"Multihull\") [sailboat](/wiki/Sailboat \"Sailboat\") designer.\n\n",
"Designs\n-------\n\n* [Hobie Adventure Island](/wiki/Hobie_Cat%23Current_and_notable_past_models \"Hobie Cat#Current and notable past models\")\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Trimaran](/wiki/Trimaran \"Trimaran\")\n* [Polyreme](/wiki/Polyreme \"Polyreme\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Multihull designers](/wiki/Category:Multihull_designers \"Multihull designers\")\n[Category:American yacht designers](/wiki/Category:American_yacht_designers \"American yacht designers\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Place of birth missing (living people)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Six Bells Halt railway station
|
{
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
}
|
p0cd557nzfk84fxsn09pjik24o0230b
|
2023-09-21T17:20:24Z
| 1,019,595,804 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Proposed re-opening",
"References",
"Notes",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Six Bells Halt railway station** was a station which served the [Six Bells Colliery](/wiki/Six_Bells_Colliery \"Six Bells Colliery\") near [Abertillery](/wiki/Abertillery \"Abertillery\") in the [Welsh](/wiki/Wales \"Wales\") county of [Monmouthshire](/wiki/Monmouthshire_%28historic%29 \"Monmouthshire (historic)\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe [halt](/wiki/Railway_halt \"Railway halt\") was opened by the [Great Western Railway](/wiki/Great_Western_Railway \"Great Western Railway\") on 27 September 1937 on its line from branch from to . The route had first opened as a [tramroad](/wiki/Tramway_%28industrial%29 \"Tramway (industrial)\") in 1824 by the [Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company](/wiki/Monmouthshire_Railway_and_Canal_Company \"Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company\") before being converted to a railway in 1855\\. It became part of the [Great Western Railway](/wiki/Great_Western_Railway \"Great Western Railway\") in 1880 and remained there at the [Grouping](/wiki/Railways_Act_1921 \"Railways Act 1921\") of 1923\\.\n\nThe station was situated to the north\\-east of [Six Bells Colliery](/wiki/Six_Bells_Colliery \"Six Bells Colliery\") which was served by a network of [sidings](/wiki/Rail_siding \"Rail siding\") which remained in use until 30 November 1980\\. The line was four\\-tracked to the south of Six Bells Halt narrowing to two lines going through the station beyond which was a loop serving two small collieries. The 35\\-lever Cwmnantygroes [signal box](/wiki/Signal_box \"Signal box\"), which lay to the north, was in use until 11 October 1964\\. The station was provided with an [island platform](/wiki/Island_platform \"Island platform\") reached via a footbridge. A private siding for J. Lancaster \\& Co. Ltd trailed off to the west; this was in use from 1891 to 1980\\. In 1947, two special trains for [National Coal Board](/wiki/National_Coal_Board \"National Coal Board\") staff were running daily between Ebbw Vale and Six Bells. This attracted criticism in the [House of Commons](/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom \"House of Commons of the United Kingdom\") on the basis of the costs involved. Passenger services were withdrawn from the station on 30 April 1962\\. The line through the station was singled on 3 May 1971\\. The route was progressively shortened as collieries were closed, with the last section being taken out of use in 1989 after the closure of Six Bells Colliery.\n\nTo the south of Six Bells Halt, there had been a previous station which served the colliery between July 1897 and July 1902\\. This was an untimetabled halt for the use of miners.\n\n",
"Proposed re\\-opening\n--------------------\n\nIn 2010 [Sewta](/wiki/South_East_Wales_Transport_Alliance \"South East Wales Transport Alliance\") proposed to reopen the line through Six Bells Halt as part of a scheme which would see a new station at Abertillery with an hourly service to Cardiff. The estimated cost of extending the line to Abertillery was estimated at £16\\.7m according to Sewta. Part of the trackbed, which is owned by Blaenau Gwent Council, is used as a cycleway and there was thought to be sufficient space for a single track. However, after the scheme was omitted from the [Welsh Government](/wiki/Welsh_Government \"Welsh Government\")'s National Transport Plan for funding priorities until 2015, Welsh Transport Minister [Carl Sargeant](/wiki/Carl_Sargeant \"Carl Sargeant\") [AM](/wiki/Member_of_the_National_Assembly_for_Wales \"Member of the National Assembly for Wales\") confirmed that the new station would not be a priority until after 2015\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n### Notes\n\n### Sources\n\n[Category:Disused railway stations in Blaenau Gwent](/wiki/Category:Disused_railway_stations_in_Blaenau_Gwent \"Disused railway stations in Blaenau Gwent\")\n[Category:Former Great Western Railway stations](/wiki/Category:Former_Great_Western_Railway_stations \"Former Great Western Railway stations\")\n[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1937](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Great_Britain_opened_in_1937 \"Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1937\")\n[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Great_Britain_closed_in_1962 \"Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962\")\n[Category:1937 establishments in Wales](/wiki/Category:1937_establishments_in_Wales \"1937 establishments in Wales\")\n[Category:1962 disestablishments in Wales](/wiki/Category:1962_disestablishments_in_Wales \"1962 disestablishments in Wales\")\n[Category:Abertillery](/wiki/Category:Abertillery \"Abertillery\")\n\n",
"### Notes\n\n",
"### Sources\n\n[Category:Disused railway stations in Blaenau Gwent](/wiki/Category:Disused_railway_stations_in_Blaenau_Gwent \"Disused railway stations in Blaenau Gwent\")\n[Category:Former Great Western Railway stations](/wiki/Category:Former_Great_Western_Railway_stations \"Former Great Western Railway stations\")\n[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1937](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Great_Britain_opened_in_1937 \"Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1937\")\n[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Great_Britain_closed_in_1962 \"Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1962\")\n[Category:1937 establishments in Wales](/wiki/Category:1937_establishments_in_Wales \"1937 establishments in Wales\")\n[Category:1962 disestablishments in Wales](/wiki/Category:1962_disestablishments_in_Wales \"1962 disestablishments in Wales\")\n[Category:Abertillery](/wiki/Category:Abertillery \"Abertillery\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Guilford Road
|
{
"id": [
13006032
],
"name": [
"Sdkb"
]
}
|
1tfhcvazwl0ldapx54tov0f8rb96ord
|
2021-05-16T05:44:55Z
| 962,075,838 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Origins",
"History",
"Route (East to West)",
"See also",
"Notes"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[right](/wiki/File:MDMap-doton-Laurel.PNG \"MDMap-doton-Laurel.PNG\")\n**Guilford Road** is a historic road north of [Savage, Maryland](/wiki/Savage%2C_Maryland \"Savage, Maryland\") that traverses [Anne Arundel](/wiki/Anne_Arundel_County%2C_Maryland \"Anne Arundel County, Maryland\") and [Howard](/wiki/Howard_County%2C_Maryland \"Howard County, Maryland\") Counties in an area that was first settled by English colonists in the mid\\-1600s. Today's Guilford road is a series of disconnected segments bisected multiple times by the construction of [Maryland Route 32](/wiki/Maryland_Route_32 \"Maryland Route 32\"). \n\nThe [Christ Church Guilford](/wiki/Christ_Church_Guilford \"Christ Church Guilford\") was built along the road in 1701, tended by Reverend McGill who built [Athol Manor](/wiki/Athol_Manor \"Athol Manor\") along the road in 1740\\. [Oak Hall](/wiki/Oak_Hall_%28Columbia%2C_Maryland%29 \"Oak Hall (Columbia, Maryland)\") was built by Richard Dorsey on the road near Christ Church in 1809 as a companion to the 1706 Waveland house built by Larkin Dorsey on the \"New Year's Gift\" tract. In 1860, the [Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 7](/wiki/Mt._Moriah_Lodge_No._7 \"Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 7\") was built along the road.\n\n",
"Origins\n-------\n\n[right\\|thumb\\|Mount Mariah Lodge](/wiki/File:Mount_Mariah_Lodge_Number_7.jpg \"Mount Mariah Lodge Number 7.jpg\")\nSimon Martenet's 1860 map of Howard county shows the road in great detail. The road was built Westward from [Annapolis Junction, Maryland](/wiki/Annapolis_Junction%2C_Maryland \"Annapolis Junction, Maryland\") to Magnolia, to [Guilford, Maryland](/wiki/Guilford%2C_Maryland \"Guilford, Maryland\") across the Columbia Turnpike to [Simpsonville, Maryland](/wiki/Simpsonville%2C_Maryland \"Simpsonville, Maryland\") to [Clarksville, Maryland](/wiki/Clarksville%2C_Maryland \"Clarksville, Maryland\") where it merges with [Old Annapolis Road](/wiki/Whiskey_Bottom_Road \"Whiskey Bottom Road\") to form the \"Rolling Road\". In 1887 funds were provided to build a bridge over the Little Patuxent River.\nIn 1891, Howard County turned the path into a widened public road from Guilford to the post Road ([U.S. Route 1](/wiki/U.S._Route_1 \"U.S. Route 1\")).\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe quarry and milling town of [Guilford, Maryland](/wiki/Guilford%2C_Maryland \"Guilford, Maryland\") share the name with the road. shortly after the Howard District of Anne Arundel County was formed, Free African Americans in the slave state gathered around the crossroads of Guilford and the Postal road ([U.S. Route 1](/wiki/U.S._Route_1 \"U.S. Route 1\")) to form [Asbury Methodist Church](/wiki/Asbury_Methodist_Episcopal_Church_%28Annapolis_Junction%2C_Maryland%29 \"Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church (Annapolis Junction, Maryland)\"). In 1974, Howard County planners considered the Guilford Community of 700 black residents, not dense enough, proposing subsidized housing for the neighborhood. In 1975, Ellsworth Iager attempted to dissolve the residential component of the black community along the road for commercial development.\n\n",
"Route (East to West)\n--------------------\n\n| Intersection | Location | Notes |\n| National Business Parkway | | Beginning of the modern Guilford Road at the National Business Parkway traffic circle. |\n| Brock Bridge Road | | Brock Bridge Road – Cut off to the South by Route 32 |\n| Hilder Avenue | | |\n| Pumphouse Road | | |\n|\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Rorabaugh House](/wiki/Rorabaugh_House \"Rorabaugh House\")\n\n \n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n[Category:Roads in Anne Arundel County, Maryland](/wiki/Category:Roads_in_Anne_Arundel_County%2C_Maryland \"Roads in Anne Arundel County, Maryland\")\n[Category:Roads in Howard County, Maryland](/wiki/Category:Roads_in_Howard_County%2C_Maryland \"Roads in Howard County, Maryland\")\n[Category:Savage, Maryland](/wiki/Category:Savage%2C_Maryland \"Savage, Maryland\")\n[Category:Jessup, Maryland](/wiki/Category:Jessup%2C_Maryland \"Jessup, Maryland\")\n[Category:Guilford, Maryland](/wiki/Category:Guilford%2C_Maryland \"Guilford, Maryland\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Manor of Jenkins
|
{
"id": [
32903182
],
"name": [
"Niashervin"
]
}
|
41jbcmok9z9gn7yb3p2ji0y8g2l5dzz
|
2024-07-17T18:31:08Z
| 1,084,244,470 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"The Manor of Jenkins in Essex, England",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb](/wiki/File:Harvey-Ben.jpg \"Harvey-Ben.jpg\")\n**Jenkins** was a [manor](/wiki/Manorialism \"Manorialism\") under the [overlordship](/wiki/Lord \"Lord\") of Barking manor. It was also known as 'Dagenham' manor, 'Dagenhams' and 'Dagenham Place' throughout the centuries. Today, the once open area has been consumed by suburbia.\n\n",
"The Manor of Jenkins in Essex, England\n--------------------------------------\n\nIt was originally property of the [Abbey of Barking](/wiki/Barking_Abbey \"Barking Abbey\"), and was granted status of a freehold. This meant throughout time it was put for lease and indeed some manorial Lords did also lease nearby [tenements](/wiki/Tenement \"Tenement\"). As such the estate at its largest spread as far as [Dagenham](/wiki/Dagenham \"Dagenham\") village and it was found in some historical records to have stretched as far as East Hall. The original estate was located in present\\-day [Mayesbrook Park](/wiki/Mayesbrook_Park \"Mayesbrook Park\") in the [London Borough of Barking \\& Dagenham](/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham \"London Borough of Barking and Dagenham\"), north of where [Eastbury manor house](/wiki/Eastbury_Manor_House \"Eastbury Manor House\") stands today. Eastbury is a popular tourist attraction.\n\nRecords from 1540 suggest that, at an ancient and unknown time, [Barking Abbey](/wiki/Barking_Abbey \"Barking Abbey\") had allowed the holding of Jenkins to a family recorded as Fitz\\-stephen, at a rent of 4 shillings and 4 pence.'The ancient parish of Barking: Manors', in A History of the County of Essex: Volume 5, ed. W R Powell (London, 1966\\), pp. 190\\-214 [http://www.british\\-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol5/pp190\\-214](http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/essex/vol5/pp190-214) \\[accessed 30 December 2014] In 1273 the manor of Jenkins was recorded as being held by Emery de Bezill, for a rent of 8 shillings 8 pence and a suit\\-court.\n\nThe [Bishop of Winchester](/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester \"Bishop of Winchester\") was leased Jenkins by Robert Osborne in 1448 for a rent of £13 6 shillings 8 pence. Osborne was purported to have assaulted the Abbess in 1450 over a disagreement regarding his access rights to a tenement he held in the Abbey grounds. Records show that in 1456 the manor was owned by the Abbey and was leased to a T. Plomer for a rent of 31 shillings 2 pence.\n\nRecords show that in 1479\\-80 Jenkins was purchased by a H. Brown and H. Wodecock. They sold Jenkins to a H. Brice, who held the neighbouring manor of Mal\\-maynes, further down the Mayes Brook towards the marshes. His son received the manor, but he was a child and died without heirs of his own. It then passed to his sister who married the [Master of the Mint](/wiki/Master_of_the_Mint \"Master of the Mint\") to [Henry VIII](/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England \"Henry VIII of England\"), Robert Amadas. In 1555, the Jenkins estate belonged to Frances and Martin Bowes.\n\nIn 1567\\-68 the manor was conveyed to [Henry Fanshawe](/wiki/Henry_Fanshawe_%281506%E2%80%931568%29 \"Henry Fanshawe (1506–1568)\") who died later that year. His nephew then received the manor dying in 1601\\. The manor passed to his wife, but reverted to [the Crown](/wiki/The_Crown \"The Crown\") in 1628 and it was conveyed to [Sir Thomas Fanshawe](/wiki/Thomas_Fanshawe \"Thomas Fanshawe\"), their son. Documents describe the house of the time as a large [gabled](/wiki/Crow-stepped_gable \"Crow-stepped gable\") building which included a chapel with a window of [stained glass](/wiki/Stained_glass \"Stained glass\") containing an image of a woman suspected to be a depiction of the [Abbess](/wiki/Abbess \"Abbess\"). A farmhouse stood on the original manor house site until 1937 when what was then called Jenkins farm was torn down for development of the expanding suburbs of London.\n\nBy tradition, a [court baron](/wiki/Manorial_court%23Court_baron \"Manorial court#Court baron\") and a court leet were held annually at Barking in April and a [manorial court](/wiki/Manorial_court \"Manorial court\") at Ilford in October.Ogborne, E. (1814\\) The History of Essex: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Reproduced by Nabu Press (2011\\), also available in the public domain The [Lord of the Manor](/wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor \"Lord of the Manor\") is no longer duty bound to hold these events as technically there are no people working the land for the manor; the manorial lands have now been consumed by the [London Borough of Barking \\& Dagenham](/wiki/London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham \"London Borough of Barking and Dagenham\"). However the title holder, Benjamin Harvey, Esq. retains the right to hold manorial courts at will.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n [Manor house](/wiki/Category:Manor_houses_in_England \"Manor houses in England\")\n[Category:History of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham](/wiki/Category:History_of_the_London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham \"History of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham\")\n\n[fr:Seigneurie\\#Le seigneur](/wiki/fr:Seigneurie%23Le_seigneur \"Seigneurie#Le seigneur\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Ellesborough and Kimble Warrens
|
{
"id": [
525927
],
"name": [
"Chris the speller"
]
}
|
9dgjt01m9wmztdujtagyl1xzp4wsijk
|
2022-10-30T13:59:46Z
| 1,004,366,789 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Ellesborough and Kimble Warrens** is a biological [Site of Special Scientific Interest](/wiki/Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest \"Site of Special Scientific Interest\") in [Ellesborough](/wiki/Ellesborough \"Ellesborough\") in [Buckinghamshire](/wiki/Buckinghamshire \"Buckinghamshire\"). The local planning authority is [Wycombe District Council](/wiki/Wycombe_District_Council \"Wycombe District Council\"). It is part of the [Chilterns](/wiki/Chilterns \"Chilterns\") [Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty](/wiki/Area_of_Outstanding_Natural_Beauty \"Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty\").\n\nThe site contains three deep valleys, called Ellesborough Warren and Great and Little Kimble Warrens. It is one of the most important sites in the Chilterns for natural [box](/wiki/Buxus_sempervirens \"Buxus sempervirens\") woodlands, and it also has grasslands with rare plant species. There is a wide range of invertebrates and breeding birds.\n\nA [warren](/wiki/Warren_%28domestic%29 \"Warren (domestic)\") is an area set aside in medieval times for the breeding of rabbits or hares. On Beacon Hill, in the north\\-east of the site, there is a well\\-preserved pillow mound, a purpose\\-built breeding place, and this is a [scheduled monument](/wiki/Scheduled_monument \"Scheduled monument\").\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Buckinghamshire](/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Buckinghamshire \"List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Buckinghamshire\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Buckinghamshire](/wiki/Category:Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Buckinghamshire \"Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Buckinghamshire\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Bernard Weinraub
|
{
"id": [
39630527
],
"name": [
"LightingMan01"
]
}
|
o35ebeuz57cfvnehxn71w5tajok8y7a
|
2024-10-01T05:29:02Z
| 1,240,349,748 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and education",
"Career",
"Journalism",
"Theatre",
"The Accomplices",
"Above the Fold",
"Personal life",
"Bibliography",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
4,
4,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + \n\n**Bernard Weinraub** (born December 19, 1937\\) is an American journalist and playwright.\n\n",
"Early life and education\n------------------------\n\nWeinraub was born in 1937 in New York City.Robert W. Welkos, [Bernard Weinraub explores media frenzy in 'Above the Fold'](https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-xpm-2014-jan-29-la-et-cm-bernard-weinraub-play-above-the-fold-20140129-story.html), *The Los Angeles Times*, January 29, 2014Naomi Pfefferman, [Bernard Weinraub: When the news is not fit to print](http://www.jewishjournal.com/the_ticket/item/bernard_weinraub_when_the_news_is_not_fit_to_print), *[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles](/wiki/The_Jewish_Journal_of_Greater_Los_Angeles \"The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles\")*, January 31, 2014 His parents were Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. He graduated from the [City College of New York](/wiki/City_College_of_New_York \"City College of New York\") with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1959\\.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nAfter graduating from college, he was drafted into the Army and served for two years on a newspaper.*Huntington Theatre Company*. [\"Interview with Bernard Weinraub\"](https://www.huntingtontheatre.org/fall/interview-with-playwright-bernard-weinraub/). Retrieved 12 August 2019\\.*Huntington Theatre Company*. [\"Bernard Weinraub\"](https://www.huntingtontheatre.org/artists/bernard-weinraub/), June 2018\\. Retrieved 12 August 2019\\. For most of his career he worked as a foreign correspondent with *The New York Times* including home bases in Saigon, London, Nairobi and New Delhi. He also covered the White House and the movie business in Los Angeles.\n\n### Journalism\n\nHe worked as a reporter for *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*.Nikki Finke, [Bernard Weinraub calling it quits at The New York Times](http://www.laweekly.com/2004-07-29/news/bernard-weinraub-calling-it-quits-at-the-new-york-times/), *[LA Weekly](/wiki/LA_Weekly \"LA Weekly\")*, July 22, 2004 He started as a copyboy in his twenties, eventually being assigned as a foreign correspondent in [Saigon](/wiki/Saigon \"Saigon\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), [Belfast](/wiki/Belfast \"Belfast\"), [Nairobi](/wiki/Nairobi \"Nairobi\"), [New Delhi](/wiki/New_Delhi \"New Delhi\"), then [Washington, D.C.](/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C. \"Washington, D.C.\"), and [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\"). From 1991 to 2004, he covered the film industry in Los Angeles.\n\nHe retired in 2005, publishing an article about Hollywood and its values.Bernard Weinraub, [14 Years Later, My Hollywood Ending](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/30/movies/30wein.html?_r=0), *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*, January 30, 2005Jordan Riefe, [Journalist\\-Turned\\-Playwright Bernard Weinraub Previews His Play 'Above the Fold'](http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/journalist-turned-playwright-bernard-weinraub-675356), *[The Hollywood Reporter](/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter \"The Hollywood Reporter\")*, January 29, 2014\n\n### Theatre\n\n#### The Accomplices\n\nAs a playwright, he published his first play, *[The Accomplices](/wiki/The_Accomplices \"The Accomplices\")*, in 2007\\. It dealt with the refusal of President [Franklin D. Roosevelt](/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt \"Franklin D. Roosevelt\")'s administration to admit more Jews during [The Holocaust](/wiki/The_Holocaust \"The Holocaust\") in [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"). The play was performed both in New York and Los Angeles, and was nominated for a [Drama Desk Award](/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award \"Drama Desk Award\"). *Los Angeles Times* critic [Charles McNulty](/wiki/Charles_McNulty \"Charles McNulty\") said that \"no one gets off the hook\" in the play, including Weinraub's former employer *The New York Times*, except for [Eleanor Roosevelt](/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt \"Eleanor Roosevelt\"). He commended Weinraub's journalism skills but faulted \"the phony telegraphic manner in which it’s dramatized.\"\n\nIn the *Times*, which was negatively mentioned in the play, critic David Ng faulted *Accomplices* as \"a mind\\-numbing history lesson\" and a \"soporific lecture of a play.\"\n\n#### Above the Fold\n\nHis second play, out in 2014, was *Above the Fold*. Based on the [Duke lacrosse case](/wiki/Duke_lacrosse_case \"Duke lacrosse case\"), it shows the struggles of an African American journalist who realizes the scandal is phony while covering it. It premiered at the [Pasadena Playhouse](/wiki/Pasadena_Playhouse \"Pasadena Playhouse\") in [Pasadena, California](/wiki/Pasadena%2C_California \"Pasadena, California\"). It was directed by [Steven Robman](/wiki/Steven_Robman \"Steven Robman\") and the lead actress was [Taraji P. Henson](/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson \"Taraji P. Henson\").\n\n",
"### Journalism\n\nHe worked as a reporter for *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*.Nikki Finke, [Bernard Weinraub calling it quits at The New York Times](http://www.laweekly.com/2004-07-29/news/bernard-weinraub-calling-it-quits-at-the-new-york-times/), *[LA Weekly](/wiki/LA_Weekly \"LA Weekly\")*, July 22, 2004 He started as a copyboy in his twenties, eventually being assigned as a foreign correspondent in [Saigon](/wiki/Saigon \"Saigon\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), [Belfast](/wiki/Belfast \"Belfast\"), [Nairobi](/wiki/Nairobi \"Nairobi\"), [New Delhi](/wiki/New_Delhi \"New Delhi\"), then [Washington, D.C.](/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C. \"Washington, D.C.\"), and [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\"). From 1991 to 2004, he covered the film industry in Los Angeles.\n\nHe retired in 2005, publishing an article about Hollywood and its values.Bernard Weinraub, [14 Years Later, My Hollywood Ending](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/30/movies/30wein.html?_r=0), *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*, January 30, 2005Jordan Riefe, [Journalist\\-Turned\\-Playwright Bernard Weinraub Previews His Play 'Above the Fold'](http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/journalist-turned-playwright-bernard-weinraub-675356), *[The Hollywood Reporter](/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter \"The Hollywood Reporter\")*, January 29, 2014\n\n",
"### Theatre\n\n#### The Accomplices\n\nAs a playwright, he published his first play, *[The Accomplices](/wiki/The_Accomplices \"The Accomplices\")*, in 2007\\. It dealt with the refusal of President [Franklin D. Roosevelt](/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt \"Franklin D. Roosevelt\")'s administration to admit more Jews during [The Holocaust](/wiki/The_Holocaust \"The Holocaust\") in [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"). The play was performed both in New York and Los Angeles, and was nominated for a [Drama Desk Award](/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award \"Drama Desk Award\"). *Los Angeles Times* critic [Charles McNulty](/wiki/Charles_McNulty \"Charles McNulty\") said that \"no one gets off the hook\" in the play, including Weinraub's former employer *The New York Times*, except for [Eleanor Roosevelt](/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt \"Eleanor Roosevelt\"). He commended Weinraub's journalism skills but faulted \"the phony telegraphic manner in which it’s dramatized.\"\n\nIn the *Times*, which was negatively mentioned in the play, critic David Ng faulted *Accomplices* as \"a mind\\-numbing history lesson\" and a \"soporific lecture of a play.\"\n\n#### Above the Fold\n\nHis second play, out in 2014, was *Above the Fold*. Based on the [Duke lacrosse case](/wiki/Duke_lacrosse_case \"Duke lacrosse case\"), it shows the struggles of an African American journalist who realizes the scandal is phony while covering it. It premiered at the [Pasadena Playhouse](/wiki/Pasadena_Playhouse \"Pasadena Playhouse\") in [Pasadena, California](/wiki/Pasadena%2C_California \"Pasadena, California\"). It was directed by [Steven Robman](/wiki/Steven_Robman \"Steven Robman\") and the lead actress was [Taraji P. Henson](/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson \"Taraji P. Henson\").\n\n",
"#### The Accomplices\n\nAs a playwright, he published his first play, *[The Accomplices](/wiki/The_Accomplices \"The Accomplices\")*, in 2007\\. It dealt with the refusal of President [Franklin D. Roosevelt](/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt \"Franklin D. Roosevelt\")'s administration to admit more Jews during [The Holocaust](/wiki/The_Holocaust \"The Holocaust\") in [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"). The play was performed both in New York and Los Angeles, and was nominated for a [Drama Desk Award](/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award \"Drama Desk Award\"). *Los Angeles Times* critic [Charles McNulty](/wiki/Charles_McNulty \"Charles McNulty\") said that \"no one gets off the hook\" in the play, including Weinraub's former employer *The New York Times*, except for [Eleanor Roosevelt](/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt \"Eleanor Roosevelt\"). He commended Weinraub's journalism skills but faulted \"the phony telegraphic manner in which it’s dramatized.\"\n\nIn the *Times*, which was negatively mentioned in the play, critic David Ng faulted *Accomplices* as \"a mind\\-numbing history lesson\" and a \"soporific lecture of a play.\"\n\n",
"#### Above the Fold\n\nHis second play, out in 2014, was *Above the Fold*. Based on the [Duke lacrosse case](/wiki/Duke_lacrosse_case \"Duke lacrosse case\"), it shows the struggles of an African American journalist who realizes the scandal is phony while covering it. It premiered at the [Pasadena Playhouse](/wiki/Pasadena_Playhouse \"Pasadena Playhouse\") in [Pasadena, California](/wiki/Pasadena%2C_California \"Pasadena, California\"). It was directed by [Steven Robman](/wiki/Steven_Robman \"Steven Robman\") and the lead actress was [Taraji P. Henson](/wiki/Taraji_P._Henson \"Taraji P. Henson\").\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nHe has been married twice. He has two children, a son and a daughter, from his first marriage to Judith Weinraub. He met [Amy Pascal](/wiki/Amy_Pascal \"Amy Pascal\"), a film industry executive, at [The Peninsula Beverly Hills](/wiki/The_Peninsula_Beverly_Hills \"The Peninsula Beverly Hills\") in 1996; they got married in 1997\\. They reside in [Brentwood](/wiki/Brentwood%2C_Los_Angeles \"Brentwood, Los Angeles\"), a Western suburb of [Los Angeles, California](/wiki/Los_Angeles%2C_California \"Los Angeles, California\"), with their son.\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n* *Bylines* (Doubleday, 1982\\).\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1939 births](/wiki/Category:1939_births \"1939 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:20th\\-century American male writers](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_writers \"20th-century American male writers\")\n[Category:20th\\-century American dramatists and playwrights](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_dramatists_and_playwrights \"20th-century American dramatists and playwrights\")\n[Category:21st\\-century American Jews](/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_Jews \"21st-century American Jews\")\n[Category:Journalists from New York City](/wiki/Category:Journalists_from_New_York_City \"Journalists from New York City\")\n[Category:People from Brentwood, Los Angeles](/wiki/Category:People_from_Brentwood%2C_Los_Angeles \"People from Brentwood, Los Angeles\")\n[Category:City College of New York alumni](/wiki/Category:City_College_of_New_York_alumni \"City College of New York alumni\")\n[Category:American war correspondents of the Vietnam War](/wiki/Category:American_war_correspondents_of_the_Vietnam_War \"American war correspondents of the Vietnam War\")\n[Category:American male journalists](/wiki/Category:American_male_journalists \"American male journalists\")\n[Category:The New York Times journalists](/wiki/Category:The_New_York_Times_journalists \"The New York Times journalists\")\n[Category:Jewish American journalists](/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_journalists \"Jewish American journalists\")\n[Category:American male dramatists and playwrights](/wiki/Category:American_male_dramatists_and_playwrights \"American male dramatists and playwrights\")\n[Category:Journalists from California](/wiki/Category:Journalists_from_California \"Journalists from California\")\n[Category:United States Army soldiers](/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_soldiers \"United States Army soldiers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Catocala chenyixini
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
6uve50aq0zo5knax9p98yive9y88e76
|
2023-12-01T01:06:27Z
| 1,023,875,238 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n***Catocala chenyixini*** is a [moth](/wiki/Moth \"Moth\") in the family [Erebidae](/wiki/Erebidae \"Erebidae\"). It is found in [China](/wiki/China \"China\") (Chekiang)., 2011: A new species of *Catocala* Schrank, 1802 from Guangdong, China (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with proposal of a replacement name for Chinese taxon. *Tinea* **21 (4\\)**: 184\\-188\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[chenyixini](/wiki/Category:Catocala \"Catocala\")\n[Category:Moths described in 2011](/wiki/Category:Moths_described_in_2011 \"Moths described in 2011\")\n[Category:Moths of Asia](/wiki/Category:Moths_of_Asia \"Moths of Asia\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Brachytritus hieroglyphicus
|
{
"id": [
1357080
],
"name": [
"Dyanega"
]
}
|
obsuh1x8dyrp1yh05gywq1ejku7mhbh
|
2021-03-22T21:54:19Z
| 999,502,527 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Brachytritus hieroglyphicus*** is a species of [beetle](/wiki/Beetle \"Beetle\") in the family [Cerambycidae](/wiki/Cerambycidae \"Cerambycidae\"), and the only species in the genus ***Brachytritus***. It was described by Quedenfeldt in 1882\\.[Biolib.cz \\- *Brachytritus hieroglyphicus*](https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id414854/). Retrieved on 8 September 2014\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Phrynetini](/wiki/Category:Phrynetini \"Phrynetini\")\n[Category:Beetles described in 1882](/wiki/Category:Beetles_described_in_1882 \"Beetles described in 1882\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Taboo Tattoo
|
{
"id": [
7098284
],
"name": [
"Tassedethe"
]
}
|
0k51odru6zvx6z4zx8r5q3b4e5s11d2
|
2024-04-07T16:58:46Z
| 1,213,044,410 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Characters",
"U.S. forces and allies",
"Independents",
"Kingdom of Selinistan",
"Media",
"Manga",
"Anime",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nAfter saving a homeless man from some thugs, Seigi receives a strange tattoo from the man as a gift. This act leads to a series of events that will pull Seigi into the middle of a conflict between a special [U.S. Army](/wiki/U.S._Army \"U.S. Army\") unit and the Kingdom of Selinistan as they scramble to collect \"Power Crests\", weaponized ancient artifacts with the ability to shift the balance of power in the world.\n\n",
"Characters\n----------\n\n### U.S. forces and allies\n\nSeigi has a strong sense of justice and ends up receiving a mysterious tattoo after rescuing a homeless man from some thugs. Seigi has trained in the Akatsuka\\-style of jujitsu since childhood under the supervision of his enthusiastic grandfather. His Power Crest, \"***Void Maker***\", allows him to create black holes and regenerate from injuries; it's also one of the few tattoos which does not require a trigger like the others. Due to his parents having \"weird ideas\" when he was born, his given name is written in kanji but pronounced as the English word. Seigi preferentially goes by his nickname, the traditional Japanese pronunciation of his given name.\n\nBluesy, aka \"Izzy\", is a mysterious girl who appears before Seigi. Izzy has overwhelming physical power thanks to her Power Crest, which gives control over air. She's a U.S. Army lieutenant in charge of recovering the tattoos in Japan. Despite appearing to be of high school age, Izzy is older than Tom, a side effect of her Power Crest stopping her aging. She later loses her left arm during a battle with Cal.\n\nTouko is Seigi's classmate and childhood friend, she also has a not\\-so\\-subtle crush on him. Her most distinguishing feature is her well\\-developed body compared to other girls her age. After being possessed by Iltutmish, she accidentally gets a Power Crest in her forehead which (like all Power Crests) increases her physical abilities when activate. She is later killed and devoured by a monstrous Iltutmish causing Seigi to fall into despair.\n\nAn otaku with a love for moe characters working as Izzy's subordinate. He possesses a copied Power Crest known as \"***Noise Canceller***\" which allows him to negate the powers of other tattoo users. Because of his lacking fighting prowess, he's often ends up injured after every confrontation.\n\nThe commander of the Curse Unit of the [U.S. Army](/wiki/U.S._Army \"U.S. Army\") and a good friend of Izzy. Nicknamed \"***Foxfire***\", her Power Crest allows her to create fiery explosions using the components in the air, she often teases Izzy about her small bust.\n\nA Brigadier General in the U.S. Army who prefers to be called \"*Colonel*\", he's a patriot as well as the leading member of the tattoo program. Even after losing his right arm, both legs, and even his vision in the fight against Cal, he refuses to let his disabilities hold him back.\n\nA soldier from the [Japan Self\\-Defense Forces](/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces \"Japan Self-Defense Forces\") and one of the few Japanese Power Crest users, he offers to help Seigi and his group. Much like Tom, Tamaki's also an otaku and the pair quickly become friends. Later on, he proposes to his girlfriend (who's also an Otaku) despite knowing that could rise death flags. Nicknamed \"***Bull Demon***\", his Power Crest allows him to warp dimensions around himself to accelerate at incredible speeds, ignoring all possible damage to his body.\n### Independents\n\nA highly skilled combatant whose motives are unclear. He's an old acquaintance of Izzy and a defector from both the U.S. Army and Kingdom. Like that of Seigi, Brad also possesses the Void Maker, but Brad's Power Crest is killing him slowly. He becomes a mentor of sorts towards Seigi, but later on sacrifices himself in order to save Seigi and Izzy, with his soul and memories being transferred over to the former.\n\nA renegade American scientist who absconded the country with a number of Power Crests, one of which being Void Maker which he latter gave to Seigi as thanks for saving his life. He also helps Brad Blackstone in order to access and modify the source code of his tattoo.\n### Kingdom of Selinistan\n\nThe princess of the Kingdom of Selinistan. A nationalist who desires world domination, she seized power in a [coup d'état](/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat \"Coup d'état\") which killed both of her peace\\-minded parents. Aryabhata wishes to change the world to suit her own ends, regardless of what others may think or feel. She strikes a beautiful figure, and comports herself with dignity, but her love of games is unequaled. Like Seigi, her Power Crest doesn't require a trigger, Arya's Power Crest allows her linked to the source of all other Power Crests, thereby allowing her to utilize any other power at will. Created as a tool to control the Power Crests, once she found out about the abuse and cruel experiments perpetrated by the king, her resentment towards humanity drove her to want to rewrite the world.\n\nA girl member of Brahman, who has pledged her allegiance to Arya. Nicknamed \"***Schrödinger's Cat***\", her Power Crest allows her to possess others as well as phase through matter so long as someone acknowledges her presence. She and Lurker have a pet [capybara](/wiki/Capybara \"Capybara\") named \"*Mickey*\" and later on adopt a one\\-eyed kitten they find on the street. With Arya's power, Il can also turn herself into a giant, black [smilodon](/wiki/Smilodon \"Smilodon\").\n\nA loyal servant and close aide to the princess, Cal's the Vice\\-Commander of Brahman. Nicknamed \"***Aegis Armadillo***\", her Power Crest allows her to create powerful barriers that can be used to block incoming attacks as well as cut nearly anything, she's also a deadly swordswoman as well. Despite her serious demeanor, she's easily frustrated by Arya's antics. She also admits to being in love with Brad but he turns her down in favor of Izzy.\n\nA sadistic, whip\\-wielding man working under Arya, Lurker is a member of Brahman. He later develops an obsession with Izzy because of his Lolita Complex and the fact she blasted off two of his fingers. Nicknamed \"***Behemoth Viper***\", his Power Crest allows him to increase the mass of his whip (and possibly other items), allowing him to rip apart rock and metal as easily as he can flesh and bone.\n\nOne of Arya's \"clone\" sisters who doesn't hate humanity like her. She explained BB the origins of Arya and why she wants to remake the world.\n",
"### U.S. forces and allies\n\nSeigi has a strong sense of justice and ends up receiving a mysterious tattoo after rescuing a homeless man from some thugs. Seigi has trained in the Akatsuka\\-style of jujitsu since childhood under the supervision of his enthusiastic grandfather. His Power Crest, \"***Void Maker***\", allows him to create black holes and regenerate from injuries; it's also one of the few tattoos which does not require a trigger like the others. Due to his parents having \"weird ideas\" when he was born, his given name is written in kanji but pronounced as the English word. Seigi preferentially goes by his nickname, the traditional Japanese pronunciation of his given name.\n\nBluesy, aka \"Izzy\", is a mysterious girl who appears before Seigi. Izzy has overwhelming physical power thanks to her Power Crest, which gives control over air. She's a U.S. Army lieutenant in charge of recovering the tattoos in Japan. Despite appearing to be of high school age, Izzy is older than Tom, a side effect of her Power Crest stopping her aging. She later loses her left arm during a battle with Cal.\n\nTouko is Seigi's classmate and childhood friend, she also has a not\\-so\\-subtle crush on him. Her most distinguishing feature is her well\\-developed body compared to other girls her age. After being possessed by Iltutmish, she accidentally gets a Power Crest in her forehead which (like all Power Crests) increases her physical abilities when activate. She is later killed and devoured by a monstrous Iltutmish causing Seigi to fall into despair.\n\nAn otaku with a love for moe characters working as Izzy's subordinate. He possesses a copied Power Crest known as \"***Noise Canceller***\" which allows him to negate the powers of other tattoo users. Because of his lacking fighting prowess, he's often ends up injured after every confrontation.\n\nThe commander of the Curse Unit of the [U.S. Army](/wiki/U.S._Army \"U.S. Army\") and a good friend of Izzy. Nicknamed \"***Foxfire***\", her Power Crest allows her to create fiery explosions using the components in the air, she often teases Izzy about her small bust.\n\nA Brigadier General in the U.S. Army who prefers to be called \"*Colonel*\", he's a patriot as well as the leading member of the tattoo program. Even after losing his right arm, both legs, and even his vision in the fight against Cal, he refuses to let his disabilities hold him back.\n\nA soldier from the [Japan Self\\-Defense Forces](/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces \"Japan Self-Defense Forces\") and one of the few Japanese Power Crest users, he offers to help Seigi and his group. Much like Tom, Tamaki's also an otaku and the pair quickly become friends. Later on, he proposes to his girlfriend (who's also an Otaku) despite knowing that could rise death flags. Nicknamed \"***Bull Demon***\", his Power Crest allows him to warp dimensions around himself to accelerate at incredible speeds, ignoring all possible damage to his body.\n",
"### Independents\n\nA highly skilled combatant whose motives are unclear. He's an old acquaintance of Izzy and a defector from both the U.S. Army and Kingdom. Like that of Seigi, Brad also possesses the Void Maker, but Brad's Power Crest is killing him slowly. He becomes a mentor of sorts towards Seigi, but later on sacrifices himself in order to save Seigi and Izzy, with his soul and memories being transferred over to the former.\n\nA renegade American scientist who absconded the country with a number of Power Crests, one of which being Void Maker which he latter gave to Seigi as thanks for saving his life. He also helps Brad Blackstone in order to access and modify the source code of his tattoo.\n",
"### Kingdom of Selinistan\n\nThe princess of the Kingdom of Selinistan. A nationalist who desires world domination, she seized power in a [coup d'état](/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat \"Coup d'état\") which killed both of her peace\\-minded parents. Aryabhata wishes to change the world to suit her own ends, regardless of what others may think or feel. She strikes a beautiful figure, and comports herself with dignity, but her love of games is unequaled. Like Seigi, her Power Crest doesn't require a trigger, Arya's Power Crest allows her linked to the source of all other Power Crests, thereby allowing her to utilize any other power at will. Created as a tool to control the Power Crests, once she found out about the abuse and cruel experiments perpetrated by the king, her resentment towards humanity drove her to want to rewrite the world.\n\nA girl member of Brahman, who has pledged her allegiance to Arya. Nicknamed \"***Schrödinger's Cat***\", her Power Crest allows her to possess others as well as phase through matter so long as someone acknowledges her presence. She and Lurker have a pet [capybara](/wiki/Capybara \"Capybara\") named \"*Mickey*\" and later on adopt a one\\-eyed kitten they find on the street. With Arya's power, Il can also turn herself into a giant, black [smilodon](/wiki/Smilodon \"Smilodon\").\n\nA loyal servant and close aide to the princess, Cal's the Vice\\-Commander of Brahman. Nicknamed \"***Aegis Armadillo***\", her Power Crest allows her to create powerful barriers that can be used to block incoming attacks as well as cut nearly anything, she's also a deadly swordswoman as well. Despite her serious demeanor, she's easily frustrated by Arya's antics. She also admits to being in love with Brad but he turns her down in favor of Izzy.\n\nA sadistic, whip\\-wielding man working under Arya, Lurker is a member of Brahman. He later develops an obsession with Izzy because of his Lolita Complex and the fact she blasted off two of his fingers. Nicknamed \"***Behemoth Viper***\", his Power Crest allows him to increase the mass of his whip (and possibly other items), allowing him to rip apart rock and metal as easily as he can flesh and bone.\n\nOne of Arya's \"clone\" sisters who doesn't hate humanity like her. She explained BB the origins of Arya and why she wants to remake the world.\n",
"Media\n-----\n\n### Manga\n\n### Anime\n\nAn anime adaptation produced by [J.C.Staff](/wiki/J.C.Staff \"J.C.Staff\") was announced. It was initially slated to premiere in 2015, but it broadcast between July 4, 2016 and September 19, 2016\\. The anime was released across six Blu\\-ray volumes. The opening theme is \"Belief\" by [May'n](/wiki/May%27n \"May'n\"), while the ending theme is \"EGOISTIC EMOTION\" by idol unit TRIGGER, which is composed of Izzy's and Tōko's voice actors, [Mikako Komatsu](/wiki/Mikako_Komatsu \"Mikako Komatsu\") and [Chika Anzai](/wiki/Chika_Anzai \"Chika Anzai\") respectively. [Crunchyroll](/wiki/Crunchyroll \"Crunchyroll\") has licensed the series in North America, while [Funimation](/wiki/Funimation \"Funimation\") released it on home video as part of the two companies' partnership.\n\n",
"### Manga\n\n",
"### Anime\n\nAn anime adaptation produced by [J.C.Staff](/wiki/J.C.Staff \"J.C.Staff\") was announced. It was initially slated to premiere in 2015, but it broadcast between July 4, 2016 and September 19, 2016\\. The anime was released across six Blu\\-ray volumes. The opening theme is \"Belief\" by [May'n](/wiki/May%27n \"May'n\"), while the ending theme is \"EGOISTIC EMOTION\" by idol unit TRIGGER, which is composed of Izzy's and Tōko's voice actors, [Mikako Komatsu](/wiki/Mikako_Komatsu \"Mikako Komatsu\") and [Chika Anzai](/wiki/Chika_Anzai \"Chika Anzai\") respectively. [Crunchyroll](/wiki/Crunchyroll \"Crunchyroll\") has licensed the series in North America, while [Funimation](/wiki/Funimation \"Funimation\") released it on home video as part of the two companies' partnership.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\nEnglish\n* at [Hachette Book Group](/wiki/Hachette_Book_Group \"Hachette Book Group\")\nJapanese\n* at [Media Factory](/wiki/Media_Factory \"Media Factory\")\n[Category:Action anime and manga](/wiki/Category:Action_anime_and_manga \"Action anime and manga\")\n[Category:Dark fantasy anime and manga](/wiki/Category:Dark_fantasy_anime_and_manga \"Dark fantasy anime and manga\")\n[Category:Crunchyroll anime](/wiki/Category:Crunchyroll_anime \"Crunchyroll anime\")\n[Category:Media Factory manga](/wiki/Category:Media_Factory_manga \"Media Factory manga\")\n[Category:Kadokawa Dwango franchises](/wiki/Category:Kadokawa_Dwango_franchises \"Kadokawa Dwango franchises\")\n[Category:Seinen manga](/wiki/Category:Seinen_manga \"Seinen manga\")\n[Category:Yen Press titles](/wiki/Category:Yen_Press_titles \"Yen Press titles\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Radha Kumari
|
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1839933
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"name": [
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}
|
c2029ucinhto0p7cwek7yoarcea63zt
|
2024-09-15T02:06:42Z
| 1,241,592,906 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Film career",
"Filmography",
"Death",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
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"content": [
"\n\n**Radha Kumari** was an Indian veteran film actress who appeared in Telugu\\-language films. She acted in over 600 films in over four decades. She is well known for her humor and played mother or grandmother roles in most of her films.\n\n",
"Film career\n-----------\n\nRadha Kumari was born in 1942 in a [Padmashali](/wiki/Padmashali \"Padmashali\") family at Vizianagaram. She began her career as a stage actress aged 12 and had played various roles in about 10,000 plays. She married Raavi Kondala Rao, an actor and writer, after she entered into the film industry. She made her debut in the film *[Tene Manasulu](/wiki/Tene_Manasulu \"Tene Manasulu\")* with [Raavi Kondala Rao](/wiki/Raavi_Kondala_Rao \"Raavi Kondala Rao\") and had played the on\\-screen wife and husband roles in over 100 films. Seen as the best choice to play good\\-hearted roles, she acted with top heroes of two generations. She won the \"Nandi\" award for her role in the film *[Mee Sreyobhilashi](/wiki/Mee_Sreyobhilashi \"Mee Sreyobhilashi\")*.\n\n",
"Filmography\n-----------\n\n| Year | Film | Role |Notes\n\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1964 | *[Vivaha Bandham](/wiki/Vivaha_Bandham \"Vivaha Bandham\")* | | |\n| *[Dagudu Moothalu](/wiki/Dagudu_Moothalu \"Dagudu Moothalu\")* | | |\n| 1965 | *[Tene Manasulu](/wiki/Tene_Manasulu \"Tene Manasulu\")* | | |\n| 1967 | *[Poola Rangadu](/wiki/Poola_Rangadu_%281967_film%29 \"Poola Rangadu (1967 film)\")* | | |\n| 1968 | *[Nenante Nene](/wiki/Nenante_Nene \"Nenante Nene\")* | | |\n| 1970 | *Thaali Bottu* | | |\n| 1971 | *[Adrusta Jathakudu](/wiki/Adrusta_Jathakudu \"Adrusta Jathakudu\")* | | |\n| *[Dasara Bullodu](/wiki/Dasara_Bullodu \"Dasara Bullodu\")* | Nirmala's mother | |\n| 1973 | [Andala Ramudu](/wiki/Andala_Ramudu_%281973_film%29 \"Andala Ramudu (1973 film)\") | | |\n| 1975 | *[Bhagasthulu](/wiki/Bhagasthulu \"Bhagasthulu\")* | Shanta | |\n| 1976 | *[Secretary](/wiki/Secretary_%281976_film%29 \"Secretary (1976 film)\")* | | |\n| *Aadavalu Apanindhalu* | | |\n| 1978 | *[Gorantha Deepam](/wiki/Gorantha_Deepam \"Gorantha Deepam\")* | | |\n| *[Patnavasam](/wiki/Patnavasam \"Patnavasam\")* | Kanthamma | |\n| 1981 | *[Raja Paarvai](/wiki/Raja_Paarvai \"Raja Paarvai\")* (Tamil) | | |\n| *[Amavasya Chandrudu](/wiki/Raja_Paarvai \"Raja Paarvai\")* | | |\n| 1982 | [Naa Desam](/wiki/Naa_Desam \"Naa Desam\") | | |\n| 1984 | *[Nayakulaku Saval](/wiki/Nayakulaku_Saval \"Nayakulaku Saval\")* | | |\n| *Rama Rao Gopal Rao a.k.a. Rao Gopal Rao* | 'Steel' Seetha | |\n| [Anubandham](/wiki/Anubandham_%281984_film%29 \"Anubandham (1984 film)\") | | |\n| 1985 | *[Preminchu Pelladu](/wiki/Preminchu_Pelladu \"Preminchu Pelladu\")* | | |\n| [Surya Chandra](/wiki/Surya_Chandra \"Surya Chandra\") | | |\n| *[Babayi\\-Abbayi](/wiki/Babayi-Abbayi \"Babayi-Abbayi\")* | | |\n| 1986 | *[Padaharella Ammayi](/wiki/Padaharella_Ammayi \"Padaharella Ammayi\")* | | |\n| 1987 | *[Madana Gopaludu](/wiki/Madana_Gopaludu \"Madana Gopaludu\")* | | |\n| *[Gundamma Gari Krishnulu](/wiki/Gundamma_Gari_Krishnulu \"Gundamma Gari Krishnulu\")* | | |\n| 1989 | *[Jayammu Nischayammu Raa](/wiki/Jayammu_Nischayammu_Raa_%281989_film%29 \"Jayammu Nischayammu Raa (1989 film)\")* | | |\n| *[Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha](/wiki/Bandhuvulostunnaru_Jagratha \"Bandhuvulostunnaru Jagratha\")* | | |\n| *[Preminchi Choodu](/wiki/Preminchi_Choodu_%281989_film%29 \"Preminchi Choodu (1989 film)\")* | | |\n| 1990 | *[Master Kapuram](/wiki/Master_Kapuram \"Master Kapuram\")* | | |\n| *[Prema Khaidi](/wiki/Prema_Khaidi \"Prema Khaidi\")* | | |\n| 1991 | *[Pelli Pustakam](/wiki/Pelli_Pustakam_%281991_film%29 \"Pelli Pustakam (1991 film)\")* | Divya vani's mother | |\n| *[Parama Sivudu](/wiki/Parama_Sivudu \"Parama Sivudu\")* | | |\n| 1992 | *[Valu Jada Tolu Beltu](/wiki/Valu_Jada_Tolu_Beltu \"Valu Jada Tolu Beltu\")* | | |\n| *[Chitram! Bhalare Vichitram!!](/wiki/Chitram%21_Bhalare_Vichitram%21%21 \"Chitram! Bhalare Vichitram!!\")* | Raja's grandmother | |\n| *[Brundavanam](/wiki/Brundavanam \"Brundavanam\")* | | |\n| *Prema Vijetha* | | |\n| 1994 | *[Madam](/wiki/Madam_%28film%29 \"Madam (film)\")* | | |\n| 1995 | *[Pokiri Raja](/wiki/Pokiri_Raja \"Pokiri Raja\")* | | |\n| 1996 | *[Sri Krishnarjuna Vijayam](/wiki/Sri_Krishnarjuna_Vijayam \"Sri Krishnarjuna Vijayam\")* | | |\n| 2002 | *[Nuvvu Leka Nenu Lenu](/wiki/Nuvvu_Leka_Nenu_Lenu \"Nuvvu Leka Nenu Lenu\")* | Radha Krishna's Grandmother | |\n| 2003 | *[Okariki Okaru](/wiki/Okariki_Okaru \"Okariki Okaru\")* | | |\n| 2005 | *[Dhana 51](/wiki/Dhana_51 \"Dhana 51\")* | | |\n| 2006 | *[Sainikudu](/wiki/Sainikudu \"Sainikudu\")* | | |\n| 2007 | *[Mee Sreyobhilashi](/wiki/Mee_Sreyobhilashi \"Mee Sreyobhilashi\")* | | |\n| *[Chandamama](/wiki/Chandamama_%282007_film%29 \"Chandamama (2007 film)\")* | Dhorababu's Grandmother | |\n| 2008 | *[King](/wiki/King_%282008_film%29 \"King (2008 film)\")* | | |\n| 2009 | *[Oye!](/wiki/Oye%21_%28film%29 \"Oye! (film)\")* | Rajyamma | |\n| *[Arya 2](/wiki/Arya_2 \"Arya 2\")* | Raji Reddy's mother | |\n| 2011 | *[Brahmi Gadi Katha](/wiki/Brahmi_Gadi_Katha \"Brahmi Gadi Katha\")* | Bhagya's grandmother | |\n| *[Nuvvila](/wiki/Nuvvila \"Nuvvila\")* | | |\n| 2012 | *[Erra Gulabeelu](/wiki/Erra_Gulabeelu \"Erra Gulabeelu\")* | | |\n\n",
"Death\n-----\n\nShe died on 8 March 2012\\. \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1942 births](/wiki/Category:1942_births \"1942 births\")\n[Category:2012 deaths](/wiki/Category:2012_deaths \"2012 deaths\")\n[Category:Date of birth missing](/wiki/Category:Date_of_birth_missing \"Date of birth missing\")\n[Category:Place of birth missing](/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing \"Place of birth missing\")\n[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema](/wiki/Category:Actresses_in_Telugu_cinema \"Actresses in Telugu cinema\")\n[Category:Indian film actresses](/wiki/Category:Indian_film_actresses \"Indian film actresses\")\n[Category:Actresses from Andhra Pradesh](/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_Andhra_Pradesh \"Actresses from Andhra Pradesh\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Indian actresses](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_actresses \"20th-century Indian actresses\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Indian actresses](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Indian_actresses \"21st-century Indian actresses\")\n[Category:People from Vizianagaram](/wiki/Category:People_from_Vizianagaram \"People from Vizianagaram\")\n[Category:Indian stage actresses](/wiki/Category:Indian_stage_actresses \"Indian stage actresses\")\n[Category:Actresses in Telugu theatre](/wiki/Category:Actresses_in_Telugu_theatre \"Actresses in Telugu theatre\")\n[Category:People from Uttarandhra](/wiki/Category:People_from_Uttarandhra \"People from Uttarandhra\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Article title: '''Julius Street Flats''' siteId: 16631 placeRef:601895
|
{
"id": [
null
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"name": [
"2405:6E00:FF7:B00:DE2:F8BC:D450:CDB0"
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pxwrfqfly8rfxux90z2llnplz8lqiwd
|
2023-12-24T08:12:12Z
| 1,191,559,319 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Article title: '''Julius Street Flats''' siteId: 16631 placeRef:601895",
"History",
"Development of the flat or apartment building in Brisbane during the interwar period",
"Development of each of the seven Julius Street flat buildings",
"Ardrossan",
"Green Gables",
"5 Julius Street (Julius Lodge, formerly Nanmara)",
"Syncarpia",
"Ainslie",
"Pine Lodge (formerly Aloha Court)",
"Evelyn Court",
"Julius Street",
"Description",
"Ardrossan",
"Green Gables",
"5 Julius Street",
"Syncarpia",
"Ainslie",
"Pine Lodge",
"Evelyn Court",
"Julius Street",
"Heritage listing",
"References",
"Attribution",
"External links"
],
"level": [
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"\n\n**Julius Street Flats** is a heritage\\-listed group of seven [apartment blocks](/wiki/Apartment_block \"Apartment block\") at 15 Julius Street, [New Farm](/wiki/New_Farm%2C_Queensland \"New Farm, Queensland\"), [City of Brisbane](/wiki/City_of_Brisbane \"City of Brisbane\"), [Queensland](/wiki/Queensland \"Queensland\"), Australia. They were built from 1934 to early 1950s. The apartment blocks are called Ardrossan, Green Gables, Julius Lodge (formerly Nanmara), Syncarpia, Ainslie, Pine Lodge (formerly Aloha Court) and Evelyn Court. They were added to the [Queensland Heritage Register](/wiki/Queensland_Heritage_Register \"Queensland Heritage Register\") on 4 August 1997\\.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nJulius Street Flats, consisting of seven properties comprising Ardrossan, Green Gables, 5 Julius Street, Syncarpia, Ainslie, Pine Lodge, and Evelyn Court, are located fronting Julius Street, a short cul\\-de\\-sac off Moray Street, New Farm. Two of the properties, Evelyn Court and Pine Lodge, have frontage to the [Brisbane River](/wiki/Brisbane_River \"Brisbane River\"). The seven properties were constructed between 1934 and 1938 on a parcel of land subdivided in 1933 by Julius Rosenfeld, who had operated Rosenfeld's Sawmill on the site from c. 1924\\.\n\nThe land on which the properties are located was originally part of a larger parcel for which a Deed of Grant was issued to [John McConnel](/wiki/John_McConnel \"John McConnel\") in January 1845\\. Part of this land, eastern suburban allotments 14 and 15, was later transferred to his brother [David Cannon McConnel](/wiki/David_Cannon_McConnel \"David Cannon McConnel\") (1818–1885\\), an early Queensland pastoralist who in 1841 had established [Cressbrook](/wiki/Cressbrook_Homestead \"Cressbrook Homestead\") in the Brisbane River Valley, the second run in the [Moreton Bay](/wiki/Moreton_Bay \"Moreton Bay\") district of New South Wales.\n\nIn 1876, the land on which the Julius Street properties are located was transferred to William Henry Barker and Frederick Hamilton Hart, and a Certificate of Title was issued in February of that year.\n\nFrom June 1876 to December 1878, businessman [James Campbell](/wiki/James_Campbell_%28Australian_timber_merchant%29 \"James Campbell (Australian timber merchant)\") acquired subs 48, 49 and 50 of ESA 15 and sub 51 of ESA 15A. The firm of [James Campbell and Sons](/wiki/James_Campbell_and_Sons \"James Campbell and Sons\") specialised in building materials including lime, cement, plaster and timber, and operated timber mills, plantations, lime works and pottery kilns in a number of locations in south east Queensland, as well as Campbell's wharf and warehouse at [Creek Street, Brisbane](/wiki/Creek_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Creek Street, Brisbane\"). The firm also established a thriving shipping trade with a substantial fleet of freight vessels.\n\nThe area surrounding subs 48–51 of ESA 15 and 15A was still largely undeveloped when James Campbell applied to the [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane \"Brisbane\") Municipal Council for permission to establish a lime kiln on Bowen Terrace, below Langshaw Street, in 1878\\. In addition to the kiln, Campbell built a wharf and transported limestone, and later timber, to the site. In 1882 Campbell opened the Langshaw Planing Mills and Joinery Works on the property, and later a second lime kiln was constructed. The [remains of lime kilns](/wiki/Langshaw_Marble_Lime_Works \"Langshaw Marble Lime Works\") are located near the river bank below Pine Lodge.\n\nIn July 1897 the property was transferred to Thomas Hanmer, who retained it until August 1914, when it was transferred to James Green. A plan titled Campbell's Wharf New Farm, thought to date from 1904, shows lime kilns in ruins with an adjoining iron shed, a retaining wall at the high water mark with a short wharf, and the location of remnants of Campbell's Sawmill.\n\nIn January 1924, the property was acquired by Julius Rosenfeld who resumed timber milling on the site. Julius Rosenfeld operated Rosenfeld \\& Sons saw and planning mills, a subsidiary of Rosenfeld \\& Company Ltd which was based in Sydney.\n\nA disastrous fire in February 1931 destroyed the mill, and in 1933 Rosenfeld subdivided the land into seven residential allotments surrounding a short cul\\-de\\-sac, and two allotments fronting Moray Street. This cul\\-de\\-sac was named Julius Street, and was dedicated by the [Brisbane City Council](/wiki/Brisbane_City_Council \"Brisbane City Council\") in February 1934\\.\n\nThe seven properties fronting Julius Street, and two fronting Moray Street, were transferred as follows: November 1933, resub 4 of sub 50 to Edmund Christian Hay Dixon and Ernestine Gertrude Mary Symons Dixon (site adjacent to Green Gables) February 1934, resub 6 of subs 47 and 48 to Fred and Ethel Havill (Ainslie site) February 1934, resub 5 of subs 47 and 48 to Geraldine Letitia Walsh (Syncarpia site) March 1934, resub 2 of subs 47 and 48 to Mary and Maud Molloy (Ardrossan site) July 1934, resub 9 of subs 49 and 50 to Jack Massie Garnett\\-Botfield (5 Julius Street site) May 1935, resub 1 of sub 47 (site adjacent to Ardrossan), resub 3 of subs 49 and 50 (Green Gables site), resub 7 of subs 47 and 48 (Pine Lodge site), and resub 8 of subs 49 and 50 (Evelyn Court site) to Ernest William Mazlin.\n\nSeven blocks of flats surrounding Julius Street were constructed between 1934 and 1938\\. This group of 1930s flat buildings is quite rare in Brisbane. This may be due to changes in Brisbane City Council ordinances regulating flat development which effectively precluded this type of development occurring after 1936–37\\.\n\n### Development of the flat or apartment building in Brisbane during the interwar period\n\nThe purpose designed flat/apartment building emerged as a new form of residential accommodation in Brisbane during the 1920s. Brisbane, in comparison to Sydney and Melbourne, was slow to adopt this form of flat development, but the practice of converting old houses to flats was well established.\n\nBy at least the 1910s, Brisbane was following an Australia wide trend of converting larger houses to flats. The incidence of house conversions to flats grew dramatically during the 1920s and 1930s, a period of severe housing shortage in Brisbane. It was not unusual for a single\\-family dwelling to be converted to a two\\-family residence, or for a flat to be created underneath a high\\-set house by filling in between the stumps. Some of these conversions were architect planned, and had Brisbane City Council approval, but many were not, and provided a constant source of concern for the authorities who feared the creation of slum suburbs. The interwar growth of flats of all types in Brisbane posed a major dilemma for local government and for the construction industry.\n\nThe severe housing shortage was due mainly to an increasingly buoyant Queensland economy and substantial population growth, as a result of both natural increase and immigration. A rising Brisbane population combined with a substantial fall in the numbers of workers cottages being constructed, created a severe housing shortage. Also, rising rates, maintenance and related costs forced many owners to convert larger houses in flats and to subdivide large parcels of land.\n\nThe second form of flat development in the interwar years was the purpose\\-designed flat or apartment building. Such structures varied considerably in quality and amenity. There were three main types: moderate\\-rental blocks; more prestigious and luxury flats or apartments; and the [bachelor flat](/wiki/Bachelor_pad \"Bachelor pad\"). Sometimes these were combined with professional chambers or shops.\n\nThe most prominent of the interwar flat building were the substantial, architect\\-designed blocks aimed at the higher and more long\\-term rental market. In general, these flats were erected in single blocks usually two or three stories, masonry or a combination of masonry, timber and fibrous cement, and on average comprised six to eight flats. Up to date facilities, including built\\-ins in the kitchen and bathroom, a refrigerator, hot water system, and telephone, were important selling features. By the 1930s, some were providing facilities such as garbage chutes to a basement incinerator, and garage accommodation. In the most prestigious blocks, a maids bedroom was included with each self\\-contained apartment. Mostly, the blocks presented handsome street facades, predominantly in the fashionable Old English, Spanish Mission or Mediterranean architectural styles favoured by architects of much of the more prestigious domestic housing in Brisbane during the interwar period. Flats designed in the modernist, Art Deco and Functionalist schools were much rarer.\n\nThe single bedroom\\-cum\\-sitting room was the precursor to the bachelor flat. The construction of single\\-sex bachelor flats was a reflection of contemporary Brisbane attitudes which considered flats inappropriate places in which to raise a family, and the mixing of single persons of both sexes in flat buildings was viewed as undesirable and conducive to immoral behaviour. Flats were largely thought of as catering to a floating population and, along with the lifestyle changes necessitated when living beyond the detached house and garden, were yet to be accepted as permanent homes.\n\nIn August 1933, a contributor to the Architectural and Building Journal of Queensland envisaged Brisbane developing *\"a district largely composed of flat dwellings, similar to Darlinghurst in Sydney or St Kilda in Melbourne\"*, which many had thought unlikely. In September 1933, the Courier Mail approached a \"prominent Brisbane architect\" to comment on the sudden boom in flat construction in Brisbane. A strong trend toward preferences for flat life over suburban housing was identified, the reduction in the size of the average family being considered an important contributing factor. Another rationale may have been economic reasons accounting for the popularity in flat buildings; many working people found that the costs of land, finance, utilities etc. were too expensive and they were turning to rented accommodation in the new well appointed flat and apartment buildings, which in turn created a strong environment for further investment in flat buildings.\n\nFew blocks of flats appear to have been constructed in Brisbane prior to the early to mid\\-1920s. Suburbs like New Farm were scarcely touched by flat development until the 1930s when substantial numbers of new apartment buildings were constructed. The construction of flat buildings in Brisbane peaked in 1936–37, with a decline in 1938\\-39 partly due to the uncertain investment climate generated by threats of war in Europe, and partly due to the refusal of banking and financial institutions to lend on flat constructions.\n\nThe up\\-turn in flat construction in the mid\\-1930s echoed a strong improvement in the Brisbane building industry as a whole, which in 1935 had seen a 67\\.2% increase in expenditure. The most substantial growth was in the residential sector, with a boom in house building and \"phenomenal activity\" in flat construction; the number in 1935 exceeding the combined totals of the previous two years. In 1935, 121 flat projects including house conversions were approved by the BCC. Brisbane's housing shortage was acute, and flat buildings were filling a gap in the rental market. Housing shortages continued into 1937, with rents increasing 10% on the previous year. Surprisingly, flat construction declined around this period due to the \"stringency of finance\" for flat construction.\n\nOwnership laws also contributed to the type of flats which were constructed during the interwar period. In Brisbane, terrace houses were usually intended as rental investments rather than for resale, and the flat buildings of the 1920s and 1930s appear to have been constructed under similar laws relating to tenement buildings. Strata Title was not available in Queensland until 1965, with the introduction of the Building Units Titles Act.\n\nCompany Title, in which the land and the building are owned by shareholders who have rights to exclusive use of flats within the building, and areas not allocated for exclusive use (common areas) is understood to have been first employed in Brisbane with the construction of Torbreck Home Units 1958–59\\. Lease schemes, whereby a developer owns the land and building and leases individual flats to the \"owners\" may have been in operation much earlier. The leases are long term (e.g. 99 years) and contain covenants to regulate the management of the scheme. Tenancy in common schemes, a form of cooperative ownership in which a group of people own the land and building as tenants in common in agreed shares, may have been employed in Brisbane in the 1930s, when the cooperative housing model based on American systems of cooperative apartment houses first was being promoted in Australia.\n\nIt would appear however that the bulk of the flats erected in Brisbane in the interwar period were rental investments.\n\nInvestors favoured centrally located positions, close to workplaces, shopping facilities, entertainment and schools, with easy access to public transport. Proximity to a tramline was particularly important, and when the Julius Street flats were constructed, trams ran up Moray Street past Julius Street. This led to a concentration of flat buildings around the principal tramlines running along Brunswick and Moray Streets in New Farm; [Hamilton](/wiki/Hamilton_Road \"Hamilton Road\") and [Sandgate](/wiki/Sandgate_Road \"Sandgate Road\") Roads in [Hamilton](/wiki/Hamilton%2C_Queensland \"Hamilton, Queensland\"), [Ascot](/wiki/Ascot%2C_Queensland \"Ascot, Queensland\"), and [Clayfield](/wiki/Clayfield%2C_Queensland \"Clayfield, Queensland\") area; [Petrie Terrace](/wiki/Petrie_Terrace%2C_Queensland \"Petrie Terrace, Queensland\"); Leichhardt Street and St Paul's Terrace in [Spring Hill](/wiki/Spring_Hill%2C_Queensland \"Spring Hill, Queensland\"); Grey, [Vulture](/wiki/Vulture_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Vulture Street, Brisbane\"), Melbourne and [Stanley](/wiki/Stanley_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Stanley Street, Brisbane\") Streets in [South Brisbane](/wiki/South_Brisbane%2C_Queensland \"South Brisbane, Queensland\"); and [Gladstone Road](/wiki/Gladstone_Road \"Gladstone Road\") through to [Dutton Park](/wiki/Dutton_Park%2C_Queensland \"Dutton Park, Queensland\"). [Gregory Terrace](/wiki/Gregory_Terrace \"Gregory Terrace\"), with access to tramlines within easy walking distance, and [Wickham Terrace](/wiki/Wickham_Terrace \"Wickham Terrace\") virtually in the [Central Business District](/wiki/Brisbane_CBD \"Brisbane CBD\"), were also favoured locations. [Kangaroo Point](/wiki/Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland \"Kangaroo Point, Queensland\"), whilst devoid of a tramline or railway, was close to the CBD, which could be accessed by ferry.\n\nLevel sites were popular, and corner blocks were particularly sought after, as they provided each flat with greater access to light and ventilation.\n\nTo some extent, flats were viewed as an unavoidable outcome of modern life, and a certain amount of government and industry quality control was enforced. The underlying fear amongst all groups was that indiscriminate and uncontrolled flat development would lead to the creation of city slums.\n\nBCC ordinances, adopted in 1926, included controls over flat developments; both new construction and house conversions. These controls regulated the percentage of the site which could be covered by a flat development; boundary and street alignment setbacks; the provision of separate facilities; soundproofing and privacy. Perhaps the most significant of the ordinances that controlled the flat developments stated that *\"tenements shall not occupy more than 50% of the allotment of land on which it stands, but when the building is not more than three stories in height it may occupy two\\-thirds of the allotment\"*. As a result, Brisbane's interwar flats rarely exceeded three storeys.\n\nZoning was a new concept for Brisbane, and one which was being promoted heavily by the Town Planning Association and the [Queensland Institute of Architects](/wiki/Queensland_Institute_of_Architects \"Queensland Institute of Architects\") during the interwar years. A zoning map had been prepared by previous councils, and in 1935 the BCC appointed a town planning committee. In 1936, the BCC prepared amended regulations to further control the development of flats, which included; no flats permitted on land with a road of less than 50 links in width; no multiple\\-family building to cover a greater ground area than half the land upon which it is built; multiple\\-family dwellings to be restricted to two storeys in height, unless constructed of brick, concrete, or other similar fire\\-resisting material, where height may be increased to three stories (possibly further in exceptional cases). More regulations controlling house conversions, which were seen as developing slum areas, were introduced by the BCC in 1937\\.\n\n### Development of each of the seven Julius Street flat buildings\n\n#### Ardrossan\n\n[thumb\\|Ardrossan, 2005](/wiki/File:Ardrossan_-_Julius_Street_Flats_New_Farm_%282005%29.jpg \"Ardrossan - Julius Street Flats New Farm (2005).jpg\")\nIn March 1934, resub 2 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to sisters Mary and Maud Molloy (spinsters) of Bowen Terrace, New Farm. In September 1936, the adjacent allotment, resub 1 of sub 47, was transferred to Mary and Maud Molloy from Ernest William Mazlin.\n\nArdrossan was designed by prominent Brisbane architects Chambers and Ford in 1934\\. The contractor was F Lee of [Albion](/wiki/Albion%2C_Queensland \"Albion, Queensland\"), and tender price was . Chambers and Ford practised in Brisbane from 1920 to 1951, and were responsible for the design of a number of apartment buildings in Brisbane during the interwar period.\n\nThe building, a decorative three\\-storeyed rendered masonry structure with strong Spanish Mission/Mediterranean architectural styling references, is prominently located on the corner of Julius and Moray Streets. The building retains most of its original fabric and contains six flats, each accessed from a central staircase and containing two bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom, an enclosed front sleep\\-out, and an enclosed rear verandah. When built, the front sleep\\-outs had roll down slat blinds.\n\nWhen completed, Miss Mary Molloy resided in apartment no. 4, letting the remainder out. Soon after it was completed, a photograph of Ardrossan was featured in the [Queenslander](/wiki/Queenslander_%28architecture%29 \"Queenslander (architecture)\") in February 1935 with the caption \"The latest in flats\\- This block of six flats....indicates the latest trend in flat building in Brisbane.\" During the [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War \"Second World War\"), the owners/residents of the Julius Street flats constructed a dug\\-out air raid shelter in the grounds behind Ardrossan.\n\nMary Molloy died in February 1957, and the property was transferred to Donald James Shaw in November of that year. The property was transferred to the current owner in October 1967\\.\n\n#### Green Gables\n\n[thumb\\|Green Gables, 1996](/wiki/File:Green_Gables_-_Julius_Street_Flats_New_Farm_%281996%29.jpg \"Green Gables - Julius Street Flats New Farm (1996).jpg\")\nIn May 1935, resub 3 of subs 49 and 50 was transferred to Ernest William Mazlin. This land was then transferred to Charles Robinson, of [Kingaroy](/wiki/Kingaroy \"Kingaroy\"), in July 1935\\. At this time, EW Mazlin had acquired the sites for Evelyn Court (resub 8 of subs 49 and 50\\), Pine Lodge (resub 7 of subs 47 and 48\\) and the land adjacent to Ardrossan, (resub 1 of sub 47\\). Refer to Evelyn Court history for details concerning EW Mazlin.\n\nIt appears that Green Gables was constructed by Charles Robinson in 1935, but as yet no architect or contractor has been identified. It is possible that Robinson had a connection with EW Mazlin, as at this time EW Mazlin had been residing at his fathers home at 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield, and a Charles Robinson is first listed in the Post Office Directory as residing at 5 Dublin Street, Clayfield in 1934\\. EW Mazlin then moved to [Sandgate Road](/wiki/Sandgate_Road \"Sandgate Road\"), Clayfield. The Mazlin family were involved in building construction, and Robinson had purchased the site from Mazlin in July 1935 and Green Gables was being tenanted by August 1935, though it is certain if it was actually completed by this date. This may suggest that the design of the building was in place at purchase, and that Mazlin was involved in the construction. However, this connection has not been confirmed.\n\nThe property was sold to Anastasia Weitemeyer in February 1936 for . Anastasia Weitemeyer (née Gorey) and her husband Christian Ernest owned the Gympie Hotel, Bundaberg, and moved to Brisbane c. 1936\\. Anastasia's parents had owned hotels, and she inherited various properties in areas such as Bundaberg, [Maryborough](/wiki/Maryborough%2C_Queensland \"Maryborough, Queensland\"), Gympie and [Kalbar](/wiki/Kalbar%2C_Queensland \"Kalbar, Queensland\"). They lived for a few years at \"Infracombe\", Bonney Avenue, Clayfield, before moving into flat no. 4, Green Gables c. 1940\\. They had a daughter, Doris, who later inherited the property, and two sons who were killed during the Second World War. Christian Ernest Weitemeyer's parents were Danish settlers who had pioneered the [Maleny](/wiki/Maleny%2C_Queensland \"Maleny, Queensland\")/[Montville](/wiki/Montville%2C_Queensland \"Montville, Queensland\") region.\n\nGreen Gables, a three\\-storeyed structure with a masonry ground level and timber framed and fibrous cement first and second levels, is prominently located on the corner of Julius Street and Moray Street, opposite Ardrossan. The building has Old English architectural styling references, and at the time of sale, the building was described as containing '6 flats, each flat contains 2 bedrooms, lounge and sleeping\\-out verandah, smoker's balcony, kitchen and bathroom.... and four garages.' The upper four flats were tenanted at per week, and the ground floor at . When constructed, the building had a rendered masonry ground floor, with the first and second storeys featuring imitation half\\-timbering, and some ground floor windows had timber shutters. The sleep\\-outs and smoker's balconies had roll down slat blinds, and a generator to power the refrigerators was located behind the rear stair. The first and second floors were painted pale green, with the ground floor a darker shade of green.\n\nStucco was applied to the exterior of the building c. 1941\\. It is thought that this was done to make the building appear as if it were constructed of masonry, and this may have been a reaction to the BCC ordinances, introduced soon after the building's construction, concerning fire\\-resistant construction. The rear stair was also enclosed with timber lattice at this time.\n\nThe open sleep\\-outs and smoker's balconies were gradually enclosed, from the late 1940s to early 1950s. The southwest flats were completed first, with louvred timber panels initially, and later casement windows, and more recently aluminium framed sliding windows.\n\nAnastasia Weitemeyer lived at Green Gables until her death in September 1969, when the property was transferred to her daughter Doris McDonald who, with her husband John and family, resided at the property until it was sold to the current owners in 1984\\. Green Gables was Strata Titled in September 1992\\.\n\nGreen Gables has had several long term tenants, an example of whom was Douglas Charles Lohrey Smith, a statistician, and his wife, who first rented a flat from Charles Robinson in August 1935\\. Douglas Smith lived there until his death in 1979\\.\n\n#### 5 Julius Street (Julius Lodge, formerly Nanmara)\n\nIn July 1934, resub 9 of subs 49 and 50 was transferred to Jack Massie Garnett\\-Botfield, who transferred the property to Sydney Morey in November of that year. In December 1934, the property was transferred to Beatrice Ellen Nichols (spinster) and Robert Sydney Melloy. In the 1938\\-39 rates details, RS Melloy is recorded as working in the AMP Building, [Queen Street](/wiki/Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Queen Street, Brisbane\").\n\nJulius Lodge, originally named Nanmara, was built for Mr RS Melloy and Miss BE Nichols, and plans were approved by the BCC in November 1934\\. The building was described at the time of construction as being two\\-storeyed of brick and fibro construction with a tile roof. The building contained eight flats, four flats per floor, and each flat contained one bedroom, a living room, kitchen, bathroom and verandah. The contractor was Mr S Conwell of [Holland Park](/wiki/Holland_Park%2C_Queensland \"Holland Park, Queensland\"), and the building was constructed at a cost of . No architect has been identified. Each flat has a front entrance, with rear access from a central corridor, and reports indicate that the exterior of the building originally had imitation half\\-timbering.\n\nThe building has had a second bedroom added to each flat, to each of the four corners of the structure. These additions are constructed of masonry, and the verandahs have been enclosed. Stucco has been applied to the exterior of the building.\n\nIn May 1959, the property was transferred to Oswald and Emily Grant. In March 1960, the property was transferred to John Dennis Collins, who may have changed its name from Nanmara to Julius Lodge. Collins retained it until his death in July 1976, when it was transferred to Patrick James Collins and Maxine Hefferman. Julius Lodge was transferred to the current owners in September 1986\\.\n\n#### Syncarpia\n\nIn February 1934, resub 5 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to Mrs Geraldine Letitia Walsh, for whom Syncarpia was built. The building was designed as an \"apartment house\" by Brisbane architects Addison and Macdonald in 1934\\. The contractor was JR Holmes of Mt [Tamborine](/wiki/Tamborine%2C_Queensland \"Tamborine, Queensland\"), and the tender price was . Addison and Macdonald practised in Brisbane from 1928 to 1940\\.\n\nThe building is a two storeyed timber\\-framed structure with imitation half\\-timbering and stucco infill panels. The name of the building, Syncarpia, is the generic name for Turpentine which is a type of timber used in ship building and in marine environments. The name may have been chosen in connection to the site's former use as a sawmill.\n\nWhen completed, Mrs GL Walsh resided in apartment no. 1, letting the remainder out. The building appears to have contained seven flats when constructed, with a shared bathroom. A single\\-storeyed rear wing was added sometime after 1937\\. Initially, the building was rented only to males, but later reports suggest that Syncarpia became a boarding house for single females.\n\nSyncarpia remained in the ownership of the Walsh family, transferring to Peter Joseph Walsh and Patrick Leonard [Vincent](/wiki/Vincent%2C_Queensland \"Vincent, Queensland\") Walsh in December 1963, until March 1980 when it was transferred to William Valmond. The property was transferred to Michael Bunder in June 1984, and later the building was converted into five flats which were Strata Titled in June 1994 and transferred to the current owners.\n\n#### Ainslie\n\nIn February 1934, resub 6 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to Fred and Ethel Havill.\n\nAinslie was built in 1934\\-35 by Fred and Ethel Havill, owners and contractors, who resided at [Merthyr](/wiki/Merthyr%2C_Queensland \"Merthyr, Queensland\") Road, New Farm. It appears that the property may have been a speculative venture, as it was transferred John Stapleton in August 1935\\. The Havill family were involved in a number of flat/apartment building developments during that period of the 1930s in Brisbane, and in particular New Farm. H Havill had also been involved in the construction of Pine Lodge, and had also submitted a tender for Ardrossan.\n\nAinslie is a two storeyed masonry structure and contains four two bedroom flats, with a kitchen, bathroom, front sleep\\-out (enclosed), and rear verandah (enclosed). Each apartment has front and rear access, with an entry porch on the southwest side and, similar to a number of the other Julius Street flat/apartment buildings, Ainslie has Old English architectural styling references.\n\nJohn Stapleton died in April 1941, and the property was transferred to trustees until December 1953 when it was transferred to Herbert Antcliff. In December 1958, the site was amalgamated with the rear allotment, and a masonry residence was later constructed across the allotment boundary. Antcliff died in July 1964, since which time the property has had several owners. The property was transferred to the current owners in December 1984\\.\n\n#### Pine Lodge (formerly Aloha Court)\n\nIn May 1935, resub 7 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to Ernest William Mazlin. At this time, EW Mazlin also acquired the site for Evelyn Court (resub 8 of subs 49 and 50\\), as well as the site for Green Gables (resub 3 of subs 49 and 50\\) and the land adjacent to Ardrossan (resub 1 of sub 47\\), both of which were sold soon after.\n\nPine Lodge, originally named Aloha Court, was constructed by owner contractor Ernest William Mazlin of Sandgate Road, Clayfield.\n\nEW Mazlin's father William Mazlin was one of four brothers who pioneered the [Atherton Tableland](/wiki/Atherton_Tableland \"Atherton Tableland\") in 1880\\. Thomas, James and John were interested in procuring cedar and in 1881 their youngest brother William located a vast stand at a place he named Cedar Creek, now [Ravenshoe](/wiki/Ravenshoe%2C_Queensland \"Ravenshoe, Queensland\"). The Mazlin brothers were also heavily involved in mining. William Mazlin married Isabella Pasley and in March 1883 became the first selector on the Evelyn Tableland, not far from [Herberton](/wiki/Herberton%2C_Queensland \"Herberton, Queensland\"). His house, Orange Grove, still stands, and Ernest William was the eldest of eleven children born at Evelyn. Ernest was born on 9 September 1884, and known as Will, was educated at Evelyn and Herberton State Schools and later gained a Diploma in Engineering as an external student of the [University of Queensland](/wiki/University_of_Queensland \"University of Queensland\"). He became a builder, cabinet maker and contractor, but was best known as the proprietor of a large sawmill in Ravenshoe. He also played a prominent role in the civic affairs of Ravenshoe and the surrounding district. Ernest married Ann White in 1912, and they had no children.\n\nErnest's father William moved his family to Brisbane c. 1918\\. He built a house at 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield (extant) which he named \"Evelyn\" in memory of his years pioneering on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands. Ernest Mazlin and his wife moved to Brisbane c. 1934 and initially resided at his fathers house at 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield. They moved to 842\\-854 New Sandgate Road, Clayfield in 1935, with a George Oxnam at a property later named Ivondale Flats. Ernest and his brother Herbert appear to have purchased land and built speculative houses in Brisbane, and Ernest was involved in sawmills with his brother Percy. Ernest died on 5 June 1968 in Brisbane.\n\nEW Mazlin and Julius Rosenfeld had an agreement concerning Mazlin's Ravenshoe mill and the land at Julius Street, New Farm. The details of the agreement are not known, but included the transfer of the Julius Street allotments to EW Mazlin in May 1935, and the Ravenshoe mill to Rosenfeld in 1934 which, by this time was operating as the Rosenfeld \\& Sons saw and planning mills. The agreement appears to have included options over other land, which Rosenfeld could exercise, for logging purposes and the use of the subsequent cleared land. Eric Rosenfeld, who operated Rosenfeld's Ravenshoe mill, was also a [Cairns](/wiki/Cairns \"Cairns\") merchant who was involved in exporting timber from other sawmills, such as Pearson Brothers sawmill, Evelyn Tablelands, to London.\n\nInitially, four of the nine allotments were transferred to EW Mazlin; two river front, one corner and one fronting Moray Street. It appears that RV Brady, builder of [Ashgrove](/wiki/Ashgrove%2C_Queensland \"Ashgrove, Queensland\"), who was also involved in the construction of Evelyn Court, was involved in the construction of Pine Lodge, however invoices indicate that Mazlin paid for materials, subcontractor's wages and sundries. The building was constructed in 1935, and records indicate that the total cost of the building was , but in comparison to the relative costs of the other apartment buildings in Julius Street, this figure seems excessive. Pine Lodge shares the same floor plan as Evelyn Court adjacent, and it appears that both buildings were planned by June 1935 when both allotments were subdivided to allow for driveway access. No architect has been identified, however RV Brady was the author of the plans for the adjacent Evelyn Court, which shares the same floor plan, and the Mazlin family were involved in several building projects in Brisbane. Pine Lodge (Aloha Court) was first registered with the BCC as a \"flat building\" in March 1936\\.\n\nPine Lodge is a two\\-storeyed reinforced concrete structure containing four two bedroom flats with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each unit is accessed via a central hall and stair, and also a rear entry. The building has projecting window bays, with a similar floor plan and detailing to the adjoining Evelyn Court. The building has Old English architectural styling references, quite different to the adjacent Art Deco styling of Evelyn Court. The building is built near the edge of a steep embankment/cutting above the remains of two lime kilns ([Langshaw Marble Lime Works](/wiki/Langshaw_Marble_Lime_Works \"Langshaw Marble Lime Works\")), and overlooking the Brisbane River.\n\nIn 1941, the property was transferred to Ralph David Sigmund Schureck who worked for Austral Lighting Co in [Elizabeth Street, Brisbane](/wiki/Elizabeth_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Elizabeth Street, Brisbane\"). Since that time, the property has had a number of changes of ownership, and was transferred to the current owners in July 1989\\.\n\n#### Evelyn Court\n\nIn May 1935, resub 8 of subs 49 and 50 was transferred to Ernest William Mazlin. At this time, EW Mazlin also acquired the site for Pine Lodge (resub 7 of subs 47 and 48\\), as well as the site for Green Gables (resub 3 of subs 49 and 50\\) and the land adjacent to Ardrossan (resub 1 of sub 47\\), both of which were sold soon after.\n\nEvelyn Court was constructed by owner contractor Ernest William Mazlin of Sandgate Road, Clayfield. (Refer to the Pine Lodge History for details)\n\nThe site plan for Evelyn Court appears to have been determined, along with Pine Lodge, by June 1935 when both allotments were subdivided to allow for driveway access. The building is shown on a BCC sewerage detail plan dated 1937, however construction was not completed until 1938\\. The plans for the building are signed by RV Brady, builder of Ashgrove, who may also have been the contractor, or worked for EW Mazlin in a supervisory capacity, as in some instances invoices were addressed to both Mazlin and Brady.\n\nThe building was originally designed with a hipped roof, similar to Pine Lodge, but at some stage of construction the design was altered to accommodate a flat roof. The specification for the building specifies a hipped roof. A flat roof, as detailed in Australian Gypsum Products Pty Ltd technical brochures, was constructed. The roof had waterproofing problems, and was resealed several times throughout the 1940s. Since that time, bituminous material has been applied to the roof several times. The exterior treatment of the building was also altered with Art Deco styling emphasising vertical elements and a stepped parapet.\n\nThe building was tenanted in December 1938 at per week, however work was being completed in early 1939\\. BCC files indicate that the building was first registered as a \"flat building\" in 1939\\.\n\nEvelyn Court is a three storeyed masonry structure containing six two bedroom flats with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each unit is accessed via a central hall and stair, and a rear entry. The building has projecting window bays, with a similar floor plan and detailing to the adjoining Pine Lodge. The building has Art Deco architectural styling references, quite different to the adjacent Old English styling of Pine Lodge. The building also has a one bedroom flat underneath, which appears to have been enclosed at a later date. The building has garbage chutes to an incinerator (no longer in use), and a flat roof with stair access from the top foyer.\n\nEvelyn Court shares the same name as Ernest's father's house \"Evelyn\", 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield, and \"Evelyn\" the family property near the Evelyn Tablelands in [Far North Queensland](/wiki/Far_North_Queensland \"Far North Queensland\").\n\nIn January 1951, Evelyn Court was transferred to Doris Margaret Back, Joan Cosby Back, Victor Merfyn Houseman, and Gloria Elaine Houseman. Since that time, the property has had a number of different owners, and was transferred to the current owners in March 1996\\.\n\n### Julius Street\n\nJulius Street was dedicated by the Brisbane City Council in February 1934, and was named after Julius Rosenfeld. Reports indicate that the Julius Street flat buildings originally had well maintained gardens, which existed well into the 1960s, and remnants of which survive.\n\nJulius Street, a short and narrow cul\\-de\\-sac, is surrounded by a highly intact group of 1930s flat buildings, and as such is recognised by the local community as having a distinct sense of place. This sense of place is reflected in the diverse social history associated with the place. This perception has also been reinforced by the identification of all of the Julius Street properties in the New Farm and [Teneriffe](/wiki/Teneriffe%2C_Queensland \"Teneriffe, Queensland\") Hill Development Control Plan as places of cultural heritage significance, and the recent actions of resident groups.\n\n",
"### Development of the flat or apartment building in Brisbane during the interwar period\n\nThe purpose designed flat/apartment building emerged as a new form of residential accommodation in Brisbane during the 1920s. Brisbane, in comparison to Sydney and Melbourne, was slow to adopt this form of flat development, but the practice of converting old houses to flats was well established.\n\nBy at least the 1910s, Brisbane was following an Australia wide trend of converting larger houses to flats. The incidence of house conversions to flats grew dramatically during the 1920s and 1930s, a period of severe housing shortage in Brisbane. It was not unusual for a single\\-family dwelling to be converted to a two\\-family residence, or for a flat to be created underneath a high\\-set house by filling in between the stumps. Some of these conversions were architect planned, and had Brisbane City Council approval, but many were not, and provided a constant source of concern for the authorities who feared the creation of slum suburbs. The interwar growth of flats of all types in Brisbane posed a major dilemma for local government and for the construction industry.\n\nThe severe housing shortage was due mainly to an increasingly buoyant Queensland economy and substantial population growth, as a result of both natural increase and immigration. A rising Brisbane population combined with a substantial fall in the numbers of workers cottages being constructed, created a severe housing shortage. Also, rising rates, maintenance and related costs forced many owners to convert larger houses in flats and to subdivide large parcels of land.\n\nThe second form of flat development in the interwar years was the purpose\\-designed flat or apartment building. Such structures varied considerably in quality and amenity. There were three main types: moderate\\-rental blocks; more prestigious and luxury flats or apartments; and the [bachelor flat](/wiki/Bachelor_pad \"Bachelor pad\"). Sometimes these were combined with professional chambers or shops.\n\nThe most prominent of the interwar flat building were the substantial, architect\\-designed blocks aimed at the higher and more long\\-term rental market. In general, these flats were erected in single blocks usually two or three stories, masonry or a combination of masonry, timber and fibrous cement, and on average comprised six to eight flats. Up to date facilities, including built\\-ins in the kitchen and bathroom, a refrigerator, hot water system, and telephone, were important selling features. By the 1930s, some were providing facilities such as garbage chutes to a basement incinerator, and garage accommodation. In the most prestigious blocks, a maids bedroom was included with each self\\-contained apartment. Mostly, the blocks presented handsome street facades, predominantly in the fashionable Old English, Spanish Mission or Mediterranean architectural styles favoured by architects of much of the more prestigious domestic housing in Brisbane during the interwar period. Flats designed in the modernist, Art Deco and Functionalist schools were much rarer.\n\nThe single bedroom\\-cum\\-sitting room was the precursor to the bachelor flat. The construction of single\\-sex bachelor flats was a reflection of contemporary Brisbane attitudes which considered flats inappropriate places in which to raise a family, and the mixing of single persons of both sexes in flat buildings was viewed as undesirable and conducive to immoral behaviour. Flats were largely thought of as catering to a floating population and, along with the lifestyle changes necessitated when living beyond the detached house and garden, were yet to be accepted as permanent homes.\n\nIn August 1933, a contributor to the Architectural and Building Journal of Queensland envisaged Brisbane developing *\"a district largely composed of flat dwellings, similar to Darlinghurst in Sydney or St Kilda in Melbourne\"*, which many had thought unlikely. In September 1933, the Courier Mail approached a \"prominent Brisbane architect\" to comment on the sudden boom in flat construction in Brisbane. A strong trend toward preferences for flat life over suburban housing was identified, the reduction in the size of the average family being considered an important contributing factor. Another rationale may have been economic reasons accounting for the popularity in flat buildings; many working people found that the costs of land, finance, utilities etc. were too expensive and they were turning to rented accommodation in the new well appointed flat and apartment buildings, which in turn created a strong environment for further investment in flat buildings.\n\nFew blocks of flats appear to have been constructed in Brisbane prior to the early to mid\\-1920s. Suburbs like New Farm were scarcely touched by flat development until the 1930s when substantial numbers of new apartment buildings were constructed. The construction of flat buildings in Brisbane peaked in 1936–37, with a decline in 1938\\-39 partly due to the uncertain investment climate generated by threats of war in Europe, and partly due to the refusal of banking and financial institutions to lend on flat constructions.\n\nThe up\\-turn in flat construction in the mid\\-1930s echoed a strong improvement in the Brisbane building industry as a whole, which in 1935 had seen a 67\\.2% increase in expenditure. The most substantial growth was in the residential sector, with a boom in house building and \"phenomenal activity\" in flat construction; the number in 1935 exceeding the combined totals of the previous two years. In 1935, 121 flat projects including house conversions were approved by the BCC. Brisbane's housing shortage was acute, and flat buildings were filling a gap in the rental market. Housing shortages continued into 1937, with rents increasing 10% on the previous year. Surprisingly, flat construction declined around this period due to the \"stringency of finance\" for flat construction.\n\nOwnership laws also contributed to the type of flats which were constructed during the interwar period. In Brisbane, terrace houses were usually intended as rental investments rather than for resale, and the flat buildings of the 1920s and 1930s appear to have been constructed under similar laws relating to tenement buildings. Strata Title was not available in Queensland until 1965, with the introduction of the Building Units Titles Act.\n\nCompany Title, in which the land and the building are owned by shareholders who have rights to exclusive use of flats within the building, and areas not allocated for exclusive use (common areas) is understood to have been first employed in Brisbane with the construction of Torbreck Home Units 1958–59\\. Lease schemes, whereby a developer owns the land and building and leases individual flats to the \"owners\" may have been in operation much earlier. The leases are long term (e.g. 99 years) and contain covenants to regulate the management of the scheme. Tenancy in common schemes, a form of cooperative ownership in which a group of people own the land and building as tenants in common in agreed shares, may have been employed in Brisbane in the 1930s, when the cooperative housing model based on American systems of cooperative apartment houses first was being promoted in Australia.\n\nIt would appear however that the bulk of the flats erected in Brisbane in the interwar period were rental investments.\n\nInvestors favoured centrally located positions, close to workplaces, shopping facilities, entertainment and schools, with easy access to public transport. Proximity to a tramline was particularly important, and when the Julius Street flats were constructed, trams ran up Moray Street past Julius Street. This led to a concentration of flat buildings around the principal tramlines running along Brunswick and Moray Streets in New Farm; [Hamilton](/wiki/Hamilton_Road \"Hamilton Road\") and [Sandgate](/wiki/Sandgate_Road \"Sandgate Road\") Roads in [Hamilton](/wiki/Hamilton%2C_Queensland \"Hamilton, Queensland\"), [Ascot](/wiki/Ascot%2C_Queensland \"Ascot, Queensland\"), and [Clayfield](/wiki/Clayfield%2C_Queensland \"Clayfield, Queensland\") area; [Petrie Terrace](/wiki/Petrie_Terrace%2C_Queensland \"Petrie Terrace, Queensland\"); Leichhardt Street and St Paul's Terrace in [Spring Hill](/wiki/Spring_Hill%2C_Queensland \"Spring Hill, Queensland\"); Grey, [Vulture](/wiki/Vulture_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Vulture Street, Brisbane\"), Melbourne and [Stanley](/wiki/Stanley_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Stanley Street, Brisbane\") Streets in [South Brisbane](/wiki/South_Brisbane%2C_Queensland \"South Brisbane, Queensland\"); and [Gladstone Road](/wiki/Gladstone_Road \"Gladstone Road\") through to [Dutton Park](/wiki/Dutton_Park%2C_Queensland \"Dutton Park, Queensland\"). [Gregory Terrace](/wiki/Gregory_Terrace \"Gregory Terrace\"), with access to tramlines within easy walking distance, and [Wickham Terrace](/wiki/Wickham_Terrace \"Wickham Terrace\") virtually in the [Central Business District](/wiki/Brisbane_CBD \"Brisbane CBD\"), were also favoured locations. [Kangaroo Point](/wiki/Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland \"Kangaroo Point, Queensland\"), whilst devoid of a tramline or railway, was close to the CBD, which could be accessed by ferry.\n\nLevel sites were popular, and corner blocks were particularly sought after, as they provided each flat with greater access to light and ventilation.\n\nTo some extent, flats were viewed as an unavoidable outcome of modern life, and a certain amount of government and industry quality control was enforced. The underlying fear amongst all groups was that indiscriminate and uncontrolled flat development would lead to the creation of city slums.\n\nBCC ordinances, adopted in 1926, included controls over flat developments; both new construction and house conversions. These controls regulated the percentage of the site which could be covered by a flat development; boundary and street alignment setbacks; the provision of separate facilities; soundproofing and privacy. Perhaps the most significant of the ordinances that controlled the flat developments stated that *\"tenements shall not occupy more than 50% of the allotment of land on which it stands, but when the building is not more than three stories in height it may occupy two\\-thirds of the allotment\"*. As a result, Brisbane's interwar flats rarely exceeded three storeys.\n\nZoning was a new concept for Brisbane, and one which was being promoted heavily by the Town Planning Association and the [Queensland Institute of Architects](/wiki/Queensland_Institute_of_Architects \"Queensland Institute of Architects\") during the interwar years. A zoning map had been prepared by previous councils, and in 1935 the BCC appointed a town planning committee. In 1936, the BCC prepared amended regulations to further control the development of flats, which included; no flats permitted on land with a road of less than 50 links in width; no multiple\\-family building to cover a greater ground area than half the land upon which it is built; multiple\\-family dwellings to be restricted to two storeys in height, unless constructed of brick, concrete, or other similar fire\\-resisting material, where height may be increased to three stories (possibly further in exceptional cases). More regulations controlling house conversions, which were seen as developing slum areas, were introduced by the BCC in 1937\\.\n\n",
"### Development of each of the seven Julius Street flat buildings\n\n#### Ardrossan\n\n[thumb\\|Ardrossan, 2005](/wiki/File:Ardrossan_-_Julius_Street_Flats_New_Farm_%282005%29.jpg \"Ardrossan - Julius Street Flats New Farm (2005).jpg\")\nIn March 1934, resub 2 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to sisters Mary and Maud Molloy (spinsters) of Bowen Terrace, New Farm. In September 1936, the adjacent allotment, resub 1 of sub 47, was transferred to Mary and Maud Molloy from Ernest William Mazlin.\n\nArdrossan was designed by prominent Brisbane architects Chambers and Ford in 1934\\. The contractor was F Lee of [Albion](/wiki/Albion%2C_Queensland \"Albion, Queensland\"), and tender price was . Chambers and Ford practised in Brisbane from 1920 to 1951, and were responsible for the design of a number of apartment buildings in Brisbane during the interwar period.\n\nThe building, a decorative three\\-storeyed rendered masonry structure with strong Spanish Mission/Mediterranean architectural styling references, is prominently located on the corner of Julius and Moray Streets. The building retains most of its original fabric and contains six flats, each accessed from a central staircase and containing two bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom, an enclosed front sleep\\-out, and an enclosed rear verandah. When built, the front sleep\\-outs had roll down slat blinds.\n\nWhen completed, Miss Mary Molloy resided in apartment no. 4, letting the remainder out. Soon after it was completed, a photograph of Ardrossan was featured in the [Queenslander](/wiki/Queenslander_%28architecture%29 \"Queenslander (architecture)\") in February 1935 with the caption \"The latest in flats\\- This block of six flats....indicates the latest trend in flat building in Brisbane.\" During the [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War \"Second World War\"), the owners/residents of the Julius Street flats constructed a dug\\-out air raid shelter in the grounds behind Ardrossan.\n\nMary Molloy died in February 1957, and the property was transferred to Donald James Shaw in November of that year. The property was transferred to the current owner in October 1967\\.\n\n#### Green Gables\n\n[thumb\\|Green Gables, 1996](/wiki/File:Green_Gables_-_Julius_Street_Flats_New_Farm_%281996%29.jpg \"Green Gables - Julius Street Flats New Farm (1996).jpg\")\nIn May 1935, resub 3 of subs 49 and 50 was transferred to Ernest William Mazlin. This land was then transferred to Charles Robinson, of [Kingaroy](/wiki/Kingaroy \"Kingaroy\"), in July 1935\\. At this time, EW Mazlin had acquired the sites for Evelyn Court (resub 8 of subs 49 and 50\\), Pine Lodge (resub 7 of subs 47 and 48\\) and the land adjacent to Ardrossan, (resub 1 of sub 47\\). Refer to Evelyn Court history for details concerning EW Mazlin.\n\nIt appears that Green Gables was constructed by Charles Robinson in 1935, but as yet no architect or contractor has been identified. It is possible that Robinson had a connection with EW Mazlin, as at this time EW Mazlin had been residing at his fathers home at 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield, and a Charles Robinson is first listed in the Post Office Directory as residing at 5 Dublin Street, Clayfield in 1934\\. EW Mazlin then moved to [Sandgate Road](/wiki/Sandgate_Road \"Sandgate Road\"), Clayfield. The Mazlin family were involved in building construction, and Robinson had purchased the site from Mazlin in July 1935 and Green Gables was being tenanted by August 1935, though it is certain if it was actually completed by this date. This may suggest that the design of the building was in place at purchase, and that Mazlin was involved in the construction. However, this connection has not been confirmed.\n\nThe property was sold to Anastasia Weitemeyer in February 1936 for . Anastasia Weitemeyer (née Gorey) and her husband Christian Ernest owned the Gympie Hotel, Bundaberg, and moved to Brisbane c. 1936\\. Anastasia's parents had owned hotels, and she inherited various properties in areas such as Bundaberg, [Maryborough](/wiki/Maryborough%2C_Queensland \"Maryborough, Queensland\"), Gympie and [Kalbar](/wiki/Kalbar%2C_Queensland \"Kalbar, Queensland\"). They lived for a few years at \"Infracombe\", Bonney Avenue, Clayfield, before moving into flat no. 4, Green Gables c. 1940\\. They had a daughter, Doris, who later inherited the property, and two sons who were killed during the Second World War. Christian Ernest Weitemeyer's parents were Danish settlers who had pioneered the [Maleny](/wiki/Maleny%2C_Queensland \"Maleny, Queensland\")/[Montville](/wiki/Montville%2C_Queensland \"Montville, Queensland\") region.\n\nGreen Gables, a three\\-storeyed structure with a masonry ground level and timber framed and fibrous cement first and second levels, is prominently located on the corner of Julius Street and Moray Street, opposite Ardrossan. The building has Old English architectural styling references, and at the time of sale, the building was described as containing '6 flats, each flat contains 2 bedrooms, lounge and sleeping\\-out verandah, smoker's balcony, kitchen and bathroom.... and four garages.' The upper four flats were tenanted at per week, and the ground floor at . When constructed, the building had a rendered masonry ground floor, with the first and second storeys featuring imitation half\\-timbering, and some ground floor windows had timber shutters. The sleep\\-outs and smoker's balconies had roll down slat blinds, and a generator to power the refrigerators was located behind the rear stair. The first and second floors were painted pale green, with the ground floor a darker shade of green.\n\nStucco was applied to the exterior of the building c. 1941\\. It is thought that this was done to make the building appear as if it were constructed of masonry, and this may have been a reaction to the BCC ordinances, introduced soon after the building's construction, concerning fire\\-resistant construction. The rear stair was also enclosed with timber lattice at this time.\n\nThe open sleep\\-outs and smoker's balconies were gradually enclosed, from the late 1940s to early 1950s. The southwest flats were completed first, with louvred timber panels initially, and later casement windows, and more recently aluminium framed sliding windows.\n\nAnastasia Weitemeyer lived at Green Gables until her death in September 1969, when the property was transferred to her daughter Doris McDonald who, with her husband John and family, resided at the property until it was sold to the current owners in 1984\\. Green Gables was Strata Titled in September 1992\\.\n\nGreen Gables has had several long term tenants, an example of whom was Douglas Charles Lohrey Smith, a statistician, and his wife, who first rented a flat from Charles Robinson in August 1935\\. Douglas Smith lived there until his death in 1979\\.\n\n#### 5 Julius Street (Julius Lodge, formerly Nanmara)\n\nIn July 1934, resub 9 of subs 49 and 50 was transferred to Jack Massie Garnett\\-Botfield, who transferred the property to Sydney Morey in November of that year. In December 1934, the property was transferred to Beatrice Ellen Nichols (spinster) and Robert Sydney Melloy. In the 1938\\-39 rates details, RS Melloy is recorded as working in the AMP Building, [Queen Street](/wiki/Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Queen Street, Brisbane\").\n\nJulius Lodge, originally named Nanmara, was built for Mr RS Melloy and Miss BE Nichols, and plans were approved by the BCC in November 1934\\. The building was described at the time of construction as being two\\-storeyed of brick and fibro construction with a tile roof. The building contained eight flats, four flats per floor, and each flat contained one bedroom, a living room, kitchen, bathroom and verandah. The contractor was Mr S Conwell of [Holland Park](/wiki/Holland_Park%2C_Queensland \"Holland Park, Queensland\"), and the building was constructed at a cost of . No architect has been identified. Each flat has a front entrance, with rear access from a central corridor, and reports indicate that the exterior of the building originally had imitation half\\-timbering.\n\nThe building has had a second bedroom added to each flat, to each of the four corners of the structure. These additions are constructed of masonry, and the verandahs have been enclosed. Stucco has been applied to the exterior of the building.\n\nIn May 1959, the property was transferred to Oswald and Emily Grant. In March 1960, the property was transferred to John Dennis Collins, who may have changed its name from Nanmara to Julius Lodge. Collins retained it until his death in July 1976, when it was transferred to Patrick James Collins and Maxine Hefferman. Julius Lodge was transferred to the current owners in September 1986\\.\n\n#### Syncarpia\n\nIn February 1934, resub 5 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to Mrs Geraldine Letitia Walsh, for whom Syncarpia was built. The building was designed as an \"apartment house\" by Brisbane architects Addison and Macdonald in 1934\\. The contractor was JR Holmes of Mt [Tamborine](/wiki/Tamborine%2C_Queensland \"Tamborine, Queensland\"), and the tender price was . Addison and Macdonald practised in Brisbane from 1928 to 1940\\.\n\nThe building is a two storeyed timber\\-framed structure with imitation half\\-timbering and stucco infill panels. The name of the building, Syncarpia, is the generic name for Turpentine which is a type of timber used in ship building and in marine environments. The name may have been chosen in connection to the site's former use as a sawmill.\n\nWhen completed, Mrs GL Walsh resided in apartment no. 1, letting the remainder out. The building appears to have contained seven flats when constructed, with a shared bathroom. A single\\-storeyed rear wing was added sometime after 1937\\. Initially, the building was rented only to males, but later reports suggest that Syncarpia became a boarding house for single females.\n\nSyncarpia remained in the ownership of the Walsh family, transferring to Peter Joseph Walsh and Patrick Leonard [Vincent](/wiki/Vincent%2C_Queensland \"Vincent, Queensland\") Walsh in December 1963, until March 1980 when it was transferred to William Valmond. The property was transferred to Michael Bunder in June 1984, and later the building was converted into five flats which were Strata Titled in June 1994 and transferred to the current owners.\n\n#### Ainslie\n\nIn February 1934, resub 6 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to Fred and Ethel Havill.\n\nAinslie was built in 1934\\-35 by Fred and Ethel Havill, owners and contractors, who resided at [Merthyr](/wiki/Merthyr%2C_Queensland \"Merthyr, Queensland\") Road, New Farm. It appears that the property may have been a speculative venture, as it was transferred John Stapleton in August 1935\\. The Havill family were involved in a number of flat/apartment building developments during that period of the 1930s in Brisbane, and in particular New Farm. H Havill had also been involved in the construction of Pine Lodge, and had also submitted a tender for Ardrossan.\n\nAinslie is a two storeyed masonry structure and contains four two bedroom flats, with a kitchen, bathroom, front sleep\\-out (enclosed), and rear verandah (enclosed). Each apartment has front and rear access, with an entry porch on the southwest side and, similar to a number of the other Julius Street flat/apartment buildings, Ainslie has Old English architectural styling references.\n\nJohn Stapleton died in April 1941, and the property was transferred to trustees until December 1953 when it was transferred to Herbert Antcliff. In December 1958, the site was amalgamated with the rear allotment, and a masonry residence was later constructed across the allotment boundary. Antcliff died in July 1964, since which time the property has had several owners. The property was transferred to the current owners in December 1984\\.\n\n#### Pine Lodge (formerly Aloha Court)\n\nIn May 1935, resub 7 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to Ernest William Mazlin. At this time, EW Mazlin also acquired the site for Evelyn Court (resub 8 of subs 49 and 50\\), as well as the site for Green Gables (resub 3 of subs 49 and 50\\) and the land adjacent to Ardrossan (resub 1 of sub 47\\), both of which were sold soon after.\n\nPine Lodge, originally named Aloha Court, was constructed by owner contractor Ernest William Mazlin of Sandgate Road, Clayfield.\n\nEW Mazlin's father William Mazlin was one of four brothers who pioneered the [Atherton Tableland](/wiki/Atherton_Tableland \"Atherton Tableland\") in 1880\\. Thomas, James and John were interested in procuring cedar and in 1881 their youngest brother William located a vast stand at a place he named Cedar Creek, now [Ravenshoe](/wiki/Ravenshoe%2C_Queensland \"Ravenshoe, Queensland\"). The Mazlin brothers were also heavily involved in mining. William Mazlin married Isabella Pasley and in March 1883 became the first selector on the Evelyn Tableland, not far from [Herberton](/wiki/Herberton%2C_Queensland \"Herberton, Queensland\"). His house, Orange Grove, still stands, and Ernest William was the eldest of eleven children born at Evelyn. Ernest was born on 9 September 1884, and known as Will, was educated at Evelyn and Herberton State Schools and later gained a Diploma in Engineering as an external student of the [University of Queensland](/wiki/University_of_Queensland \"University of Queensland\"). He became a builder, cabinet maker and contractor, but was best known as the proprietor of a large sawmill in Ravenshoe. He also played a prominent role in the civic affairs of Ravenshoe and the surrounding district. Ernest married Ann White in 1912, and they had no children.\n\nErnest's father William moved his family to Brisbane c. 1918\\. He built a house at 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield (extant) which he named \"Evelyn\" in memory of his years pioneering on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands. Ernest Mazlin and his wife moved to Brisbane c. 1934 and initially resided at his fathers house at 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield. They moved to 842\\-854 New Sandgate Road, Clayfield in 1935, with a George Oxnam at a property later named Ivondale Flats. Ernest and his brother Herbert appear to have purchased land and built speculative houses in Brisbane, and Ernest was involved in sawmills with his brother Percy. Ernest died on 5 June 1968 in Brisbane.\n\nEW Mazlin and Julius Rosenfeld had an agreement concerning Mazlin's Ravenshoe mill and the land at Julius Street, New Farm. The details of the agreement are not known, but included the transfer of the Julius Street allotments to EW Mazlin in May 1935, and the Ravenshoe mill to Rosenfeld in 1934 which, by this time was operating as the Rosenfeld \\& Sons saw and planning mills. The agreement appears to have included options over other land, which Rosenfeld could exercise, for logging purposes and the use of the subsequent cleared land. Eric Rosenfeld, who operated Rosenfeld's Ravenshoe mill, was also a [Cairns](/wiki/Cairns \"Cairns\") merchant who was involved in exporting timber from other sawmills, such as Pearson Brothers sawmill, Evelyn Tablelands, to London.\n\nInitially, four of the nine allotments were transferred to EW Mazlin; two river front, one corner and one fronting Moray Street. It appears that RV Brady, builder of [Ashgrove](/wiki/Ashgrove%2C_Queensland \"Ashgrove, Queensland\"), who was also involved in the construction of Evelyn Court, was involved in the construction of Pine Lodge, however invoices indicate that Mazlin paid for materials, subcontractor's wages and sundries. The building was constructed in 1935, and records indicate that the total cost of the building was , but in comparison to the relative costs of the other apartment buildings in Julius Street, this figure seems excessive. Pine Lodge shares the same floor plan as Evelyn Court adjacent, and it appears that both buildings were planned by June 1935 when both allotments were subdivided to allow for driveway access. No architect has been identified, however RV Brady was the author of the plans for the adjacent Evelyn Court, which shares the same floor plan, and the Mazlin family were involved in several building projects in Brisbane. Pine Lodge (Aloha Court) was first registered with the BCC as a \"flat building\" in March 1936\\.\n\nPine Lodge is a two\\-storeyed reinforced concrete structure containing four two bedroom flats with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each unit is accessed via a central hall and stair, and also a rear entry. The building has projecting window bays, with a similar floor plan and detailing to the adjoining Evelyn Court. The building has Old English architectural styling references, quite different to the adjacent Art Deco styling of Evelyn Court. The building is built near the edge of a steep embankment/cutting above the remains of two lime kilns ([Langshaw Marble Lime Works](/wiki/Langshaw_Marble_Lime_Works \"Langshaw Marble Lime Works\")), and overlooking the Brisbane River.\n\nIn 1941, the property was transferred to Ralph David Sigmund Schureck who worked for Austral Lighting Co in [Elizabeth Street, Brisbane](/wiki/Elizabeth_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Elizabeth Street, Brisbane\"). Since that time, the property has had a number of changes of ownership, and was transferred to the current owners in July 1989\\.\n\n#### Evelyn Court\n\nIn May 1935, resub 8 of subs 49 and 50 was transferred to Ernest William Mazlin. At this time, EW Mazlin also acquired the site for Pine Lodge (resub 7 of subs 47 and 48\\), as well as the site for Green Gables (resub 3 of subs 49 and 50\\) and the land adjacent to Ardrossan (resub 1 of sub 47\\), both of which were sold soon after.\n\nEvelyn Court was constructed by owner contractor Ernest William Mazlin of Sandgate Road, Clayfield. (Refer to the Pine Lodge History for details)\n\nThe site plan for Evelyn Court appears to have been determined, along with Pine Lodge, by June 1935 when both allotments were subdivided to allow for driveway access. The building is shown on a BCC sewerage detail plan dated 1937, however construction was not completed until 1938\\. The plans for the building are signed by RV Brady, builder of Ashgrove, who may also have been the contractor, or worked for EW Mazlin in a supervisory capacity, as in some instances invoices were addressed to both Mazlin and Brady.\n\nThe building was originally designed with a hipped roof, similar to Pine Lodge, but at some stage of construction the design was altered to accommodate a flat roof. The specification for the building specifies a hipped roof. A flat roof, as detailed in Australian Gypsum Products Pty Ltd technical brochures, was constructed. The roof had waterproofing problems, and was resealed several times throughout the 1940s. Since that time, bituminous material has been applied to the roof several times. The exterior treatment of the building was also altered with Art Deco styling emphasising vertical elements and a stepped parapet.\n\nThe building was tenanted in December 1938 at per week, however work was being completed in early 1939\\. BCC files indicate that the building was first registered as a \"flat building\" in 1939\\.\n\nEvelyn Court is a three storeyed masonry structure containing six two bedroom flats with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each unit is accessed via a central hall and stair, and a rear entry. The building has projecting window bays, with a similar floor plan and detailing to the adjoining Pine Lodge. The building has Art Deco architectural styling references, quite different to the adjacent Old English styling of Pine Lodge. The building also has a one bedroom flat underneath, which appears to have been enclosed at a later date. The building has garbage chutes to an incinerator (no longer in use), and a flat roof with stair access from the top foyer.\n\nEvelyn Court shares the same name as Ernest's father's house \"Evelyn\", 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield, and \"Evelyn\" the family property near the Evelyn Tablelands in [Far North Queensland](/wiki/Far_North_Queensland \"Far North Queensland\").\n\nIn January 1951, Evelyn Court was transferred to Doris Margaret Back, Joan Cosby Back, Victor Merfyn Houseman, and Gloria Elaine Houseman. Since that time, the property has had a number of different owners, and was transferred to the current owners in March 1996\\.\n\n",
"#### Ardrossan\n\n[thumb\\|Ardrossan, 2005](/wiki/File:Ardrossan_-_Julius_Street_Flats_New_Farm_%282005%29.jpg \"Ardrossan - Julius Street Flats New Farm (2005).jpg\")\nIn March 1934, resub 2 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to sisters Mary and Maud Molloy (spinsters) of Bowen Terrace, New Farm. In September 1936, the adjacent allotment, resub 1 of sub 47, was transferred to Mary and Maud Molloy from Ernest William Mazlin.\n\nArdrossan was designed by prominent Brisbane architects Chambers and Ford in 1934\\. The contractor was F Lee of [Albion](/wiki/Albion%2C_Queensland \"Albion, Queensland\"), and tender price was . Chambers and Ford practised in Brisbane from 1920 to 1951, and were responsible for the design of a number of apartment buildings in Brisbane during the interwar period.\n\nThe building, a decorative three\\-storeyed rendered masonry structure with strong Spanish Mission/Mediterranean architectural styling references, is prominently located on the corner of Julius and Moray Streets. The building retains most of its original fabric and contains six flats, each accessed from a central staircase and containing two bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom, an enclosed front sleep\\-out, and an enclosed rear verandah. When built, the front sleep\\-outs had roll down slat blinds.\n\nWhen completed, Miss Mary Molloy resided in apartment no. 4, letting the remainder out. Soon after it was completed, a photograph of Ardrossan was featured in the [Queenslander](/wiki/Queenslander_%28architecture%29 \"Queenslander (architecture)\") in February 1935 with the caption \"The latest in flats\\- This block of six flats....indicates the latest trend in flat building in Brisbane.\" During the [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War \"Second World War\"), the owners/residents of the Julius Street flats constructed a dug\\-out air raid shelter in the grounds behind Ardrossan.\n\nMary Molloy died in February 1957, and the property was transferred to Donald James Shaw in November of that year. The property was transferred to the current owner in October 1967\\.\n\n",
"#### Green Gables\n\n[thumb\\|Green Gables, 1996](/wiki/File:Green_Gables_-_Julius_Street_Flats_New_Farm_%281996%29.jpg \"Green Gables - Julius Street Flats New Farm (1996).jpg\")\nIn May 1935, resub 3 of subs 49 and 50 was transferred to Ernest William Mazlin. This land was then transferred to Charles Robinson, of [Kingaroy](/wiki/Kingaroy \"Kingaroy\"), in July 1935\\. At this time, EW Mazlin had acquired the sites for Evelyn Court (resub 8 of subs 49 and 50\\), Pine Lodge (resub 7 of subs 47 and 48\\) and the land adjacent to Ardrossan, (resub 1 of sub 47\\). Refer to Evelyn Court history for details concerning EW Mazlin.\n\nIt appears that Green Gables was constructed by Charles Robinson in 1935, but as yet no architect or contractor has been identified. It is possible that Robinson had a connection with EW Mazlin, as at this time EW Mazlin had been residing at his fathers home at 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield, and a Charles Robinson is first listed in the Post Office Directory as residing at 5 Dublin Street, Clayfield in 1934\\. EW Mazlin then moved to [Sandgate Road](/wiki/Sandgate_Road \"Sandgate Road\"), Clayfield. The Mazlin family were involved in building construction, and Robinson had purchased the site from Mazlin in July 1935 and Green Gables was being tenanted by August 1935, though it is certain if it was actually completed by this date. This may suggest that the design of the building was in place at purchase, and that Mazlin was involved in the construction. However, this connection has not been confirmed.\n\nThe property was sold to Anastasia Weitemeyer in February 1936 for . Anastasia Weitemeyer (née Gorey) and her husband Christian Ernest owned the Gympie Hotel, Bundaberg, and moved to Brisbane c. 1936\\. Anastasia's parents had owned hotels, and she inherited various properties in areas such as Bundaberg, [Maryborough](/wiki/Maryborough%2C_Queensland \"Maryborough, Queensland\"), Gympie and [Kalbar](/wiki/Kalbar%2C_Queensland \"Kalbar, Queensland\"). They lived for a few years at \"Infracombe\", Bonney Avenue, Clayfield, before moving into flat no. 4, Green Gables c. 1940\\. They had a daughter, Doris, who later inherited the property, and two sons who were killed during the Second World War. Christian Ernest Weitemeyer's parents were Danish settlers who had pioneered the [Maleny](/wiki/Maleny%2C_Queensland \"Maleny, Queensland\")/[Montville](/wiki/Montville%2C_Queensland \"Montville, Queensland\") region.\n\nGreen Gables, a three\\-storeyed structure with a masonry ground level and timber framed and fibrous cement first and second levels, is prominently located on the corner of Julius Street and Moray Street, opposite Ardrossan. The building has Old English architectural styling references, and at the time of sale, the building was described as containing '6 flats, each flat contains 2 bedrooms, lounge and sleeping\\-out verandah, smoker's balcony, kitchen and bathroom.... and four garages.' The upper four flats were tenanted at per week, and the ground floor at . When constructed, the building had a rendered masonry ground floor, with the first and second storeys featuring imitation half\\-timbering, and some ground floor windows had timber shutters. The sleep\\-outs and smoker's balconies had roll down slat blinds, and a generator to power the refrigerators was located behind the rear stair. The first and second floors were painted pale green, with the ground floor a darker shade of green.\n\nStucco was applied to the exterior of the building c. 1941\\. It is thought that this was done to make the building appear as if it were constructed of masonry, and this may have been a reaction to the BCC ordinances, introduced soon after the building's construction, concerning fire\\-resistant construction. The rear stair was also enclosed with timber lattice at this time.\n\nThe open sleep\\-outs and smoker's balconies were gradually enclosed, from the late 1940s to early 1950s. The southwest flats were completed first, with louvred timber panels initially, and later casement windows, and more recently aluminium framed sliding windows.\n\nAnastasia Weitemeyer lived at Green Gables until her death in September 1969, when the property was transferred to her daughter Doris McDonald who, with her husband John and family, resided at the property until it was sold to the current owners in 1984\\. Green Gables was Strata Titled in September 1992\\.\n\nGreen Gables has had several long term tenants, an example of whom was Douglas Charles Lohrey Smith, a statistician, and his wife, who first rented a flat from Charles Robinson in August 1935\\. Douglas Smith lived there until his death in 1979\\.\n\n",
"#### 5 Julius Street (Julius Lodge, formerly Nanmara)\n\nIn July 1934, resub 9 of subs 49 and 50 was transferred to Jack Massie Garnett\\-Botfield, who transferred the property to Sydney Morey in November of that year. In December 1934, the property was transferred to Beatrice Ellen Nichols (spinster) and Robert Sydney Melloy. In the 1938\\-39 rates details, RS Melloy is recorded as working in the AMP Building, [Queen Street](/wiki/Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Queen Street, Brisbane\").\n\nJulius Lodge, originally named Nanmara, was built for Mr RS Melloy and Miss BE Nichols, and plans were approved by the BCC in November 1934\\. The building was described at the time of construction as being two\\-storeyed of brick and fibro construction with a tile roof. The building contained eight flats, four flats per floor, and each flat contained one bedroom, a living room, kitchen, bathroom and verandah. The contractor was Mr S Conwell of [Holland Park](/wiki/Holland_Park%2C_Queensland \"Holland Park, Queensland\"), and the building was constructed at a cost of . No architect has been identified. Each flat has a front entrance, with rear access from a central corridor, and reports indicate that the exterior of the building originally had imitation half\\-timbering.\n\nThe building has had a second bedroom added to each flat, to each of the four corners of the structure. These additions are constructed of masonry, and the verandahs have been enclosed. Stucco has been applied to the exterior of the building.\n\nIn May 1959, the property was transferred to Oswald and Emily Grant. In March 1960, the property was transferred to John Dennis Collins, who may have changed its name from Nanmara to Julius Lodge. Collins retained it until his death in July 1976, when it was transferred to Patrick James Collins and Maxine Hefferman. Julius Lodge was transferred to the current owners in September 1986\\.\n\n",
"#### Syncarpia\n\nIn February 1934, resub 5 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to Mrs Geraldine Letitia Walsh, for whom Syncarpia was built. The building was designed as an \"apartment house\" by Brisbane architects Addison and Macdonald in 1934\\. The contractor was JR Holmes of Mt [Tamborine](/wiki/Tamborine%2C_Queensland \"Tamborine, Queensland\"), and the tender price was . Addison and Macdonald practised in Brisbane from 1928 to 1940\\.\n\nThe building is a two storeyed timber\\-framed structure with imitation half\\-timbering and stucco infill panels. The name of the building, Syncarpia, is the generic name for Turpentine which is a type of timber used in ship building and in marine environments. The name may have been chosen in connection to the site's former use as a sawmill.\n\nWhen completed, Mrs GL Walsh resided in apartment no. 1, letting the remainder out. The building appears to have contained seven flats when constructed, with a shared bathroom. A single\\-storeyed rear wing was added sometime after 1937\\. Initially, the building was rented only to males, but later reports suggest that Syncarpia became a boarding house for single females.\n\nSyncarpia remained in the ownership of the Walsh family, transferring to Peter Joseph Walsh and Patrick Leonard [Vincent](/wiki/Vincent%2C_Queensland \"Vincent, Queensland\") Walsh in December 1963, until March 1980 when it was transferred to William Valmond. The property was transferred to Michael Bunder in June 1984, and later the building was converted into five flats which were Strata Titled in June 1994 and transferred to the current owners.\n\n",
"#### Ainslie\n\nIn February 1934, resub 6 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to Fred and Ethel Havill.\n\nAinslie was built in 1934\\-35 by Fred and Ethel Havill, owners and contractors, who resided at [Merthyr](/wiki/Merthyr%2C_Queensland \"Merthyr, Queensland\") Road, New Farm. It appears that the property may have been a speculative venture, as it was transferred John Stapleton in August 1935\\. The Havill family were involved in a number of flat/apartment building developments during that period of the 1930s in Brisbane, and in particular New Farm. H Havill had also been involved in the construction of Pine Lodge, and had also submitted a tender for Ardrossan.\n\nAinslie is a two storeyed masonry structure and contains four two bedroom flats, with a kitchen, bathroom, front sleep\\-out (enclosed), and rear verandah (enclosed). Each apartment has front and rear access, with an entry porch on the southwest side and, similar to a number of the other Julius Street flat/apartment buildings, Ainslie has Old English architectural styling references.\n\nJohn Stapleton died in April 1941, and the property was transferred to trustees until December 1953 when it was transferred to Herbert Antcliff. In December 1958, the site was amalgamated with the rear allotment, and a masonry residence was later constructed across the allotment boundary. Antcliff died in July 1964, since which time the property has had several owners. The property was transferred to the current owners in December 1984\\.\n\n",
"#### Pine Lodge (formerly Aloha Court)\n\nIn May 1935, resub 7 of subs 47 and 48 was transferred to Ernest William Mazlin. At this time, EW Mazlin also acquired the site for Evelyn Court (resub 8 of subs 49 and 50\\), as well as the site for Green Gables (resub 3 of subs 49 and 50\\) and the land adjacent to Ardrossan (resub 1 of sub 47\\), both of which were sold soon after.\n\nPine Lodge, originally named Aloha Court, was constructed by owner contractor Ernest William Mazlin of Sandgate Road, Clayfield.\n\nEW Mazlin's father William Mazlin was one of four brothers who pioneered the [Atherton Tableland](/wiki/Atherton_Tableland \"Atherton Tableland\") in 1880\\. Thomas, James and John were interested in procuring cedar and in 1881 their youngest brother William located a vast stand at a place he named Cedar Creek, now [Ravenshoe](/wiki/Ravenshoe%2C_Queensland \"Ravenshoe, Queensland\"). The Mazlin brothers were also heavily involved in mining. William Mazlin married Isabella Pasley and in March 1883 became the first selector on the Evelyn Tableland, not far from [Herberton](/wiki/Herberton%2C_Queensland \"Herberton, Queensland\"). His house, Orange Grove, still stands, and Ernest William was the eldest of eleven children born at Evelyn. Ernest was born on 9 September 1884, and known as Will, was educated at Evelyn and Herberton State Schools and later gained a Diploma in Engineering as an external student of the [University of Queensland](/wiki/University_of_Queensland \"University of Queensland\"). He became a builder, cabinet maker and contractor, but was best known as the proprietor of a large sawmill in Ravenshoe. He also played a prominent role in the civic affairs of Ravenshoe and the surrounding district. Ernest married Ann White in 1912, and they had no children.\n\nErnest's father William moved his family to Brisbane c. 1918\\. He built a house at 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield (extant) which he named \"Evelyn\" in memory of his years pioneering on the Atherton and Evelyn Tablelands. Ernest Mazlin and his wife moved to Brisbane c. 1934 and initially resided at his fathers house at 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield. They moved to 842\\-854 New Sandgate Road, Clayfield in 1935, with a George Oxnam at a property later named Ivondale Flats. Ernest and his brother Herbert appear to have purchased land and built speculative houses in Brisbane, and Ernest was involved in sawmills with his brother Percy. Ernest died on 5 June 1968 in Brisbane.\n\nEW Mazlin and Julius Rosenfeld had an agreement concerning Mazlin's Ravenshoe mill and the land at Julius Street, New Farm. The details of the agreement are not known, but included the transfer of the Julius Street allotments to EW Mazlin in May 1935, and the Ravenshoe mill to Rosenfeld in 1934 which, by this time was operating as the Rosenfeld \\& Sons saw and planning mills. The agreement appears to have included options over other land, which Rosenfeld could exercise, for logging purposes and the use of the subsequent cleared land. Eric Rosenfeld, who operated Rosenfeld's Ravenshoe mill, was also a [Cairns](/wiki/Cairns \"Cairns\") merchant who was involved in exporting timber from other sawmills, such as Pearson Brothers sawmill, Evelyn Tablelands, to London.\n\nInitially, four of the nine allotments were transferred to EW Mazlin; two river front, one corner and one fronting Moray Street. It appears that RV Brady, builder of [Ashgrove](/wiki/Ashgrove%2C_Queensland \"Ashgrove, Queensland\"), who was also involved in the construction of Evelyn Court, was involved in the construction of Pine Lodge, however invoices indicate that Mazlin paid for materials, subcontractor's wages and sundries. The building was constructed in 1935, and records indicate that the total cost of the building was , but in comparison to the relative costs of the other apartment buildings in Julius Street, this figure seems excessive. Pine Lodge shares the same floor plan as Evelyn Court adjacent, and it appears that both buildings were planned by June 1935 when both allotments were subdivided to allow for driveway access. No architect has been identified, however RV Brady was the author of the plans for the adjacent Evelyn Court, which shares the same floor plan, and the Mazlin family were involved in several building projects in Brisbane. Pine Lodge (Aloha Court) was first registered with the BCC as a \"flat building\" in March 1936\\.\n\nPine Lodge is a two\\-storeyed reinforced concrete structure containing four two bedroom flats with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each unit is accessed via a central hall and stair, and also a rear entry. The building has projecting window bays, with a similar floor plan and detailing to the adjoining Evelyn Court. The building has Old English architectural styling references, quite different to the adjacent Art Deco styling of Evelyn Court. The building is built near the edge of a steep embankment/cutting above the remains of two lime kilns ([Langshaw Marble Lime Works](/wiki/Langshaw_Marble_Lime_Works \"Langshaw Marble Lime Works\")), and overlooking the Brisbane River.\n\nIn 1941, the property was transferred to Ralph David Sigmund Schureck who worked for Austral Lighting Co in [Elizabeth Street, Brisbane](/wiki/Elizabeth_Street%2C_Brisbane \"Elizabeth Street, Brisbane\"). Since that time, the property has had a number of changes of ownership, and was transferred to the current owners in July 1989\\.\n\n",
"#### Evelyn Court\n\nIn May 1935, resub 8 of subs 49 and 50 was transferred to Ernest William Mazlin. At this time, EW Mazlin also acquired the site for Pine Lodge (resub 7 of subs 47 and 48\\), as well as the site for Green Gables (resub 3 of subs 49 and 50\\) and the land adjacent to Ardrossan (resub 1 of sub 47\\), both of which were sold soon after.\n\nEvelyn Court was constructed by owner contractor Ernest William Mazlin of Sandgate Road, Clayfield. (Refer to the Pine Lodge History for details)\n\nThe site plan for Evelyn Court appears to have been determined, along with Pine Lodge, by June 1935 when both allotments were subdivided to allow for driveway access. The building is shown on a BCC sewerage detail plan dated 1937, however construction was not completed until 1938\\. The plans for the building are signed by RV Brady, builder of Ashgrove, who may also have been the contractor, or worked for EW Mazlin in a supervisory capacity, as in some instances invoices were addressed to both Mazlin and Brady.\n\nThe building was originally designed with a hipped roof, similar to Pine Lodge, but at some stage of construction the design was altered to accommodate a flat roof. The specification for the building specifies a hipped roof. A flat roof, as detailed in Australian Gypsum Products Pty Ltd technical brochures, was constructed. The roof had waterproofing problems, and was resealed several times throughout the 1940s. Since that time, bituminous material has been applied to the roof several times. The exterior treatment of the building was also altered with Art Deco styling emphasising vertical elements and a stepped parapet.\n\nThe building was tenanted in December 1938 at per week, however work was being completed in early 1939\\. BCC files indicate that the building was first registered as a \"flat building\" in 1939\\.\n\nEvelyn Court is a three storeyed masonry structure containing six two bedroom flats with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each unit is accessed via a central hall and stair, and a rear entry. The building has projecting window bays, with a similar floor plan and detailing to the adjoining Pine Lodge. The building has Art Deco architectural styling references, quite different to the adjacent Old English styling of Pine Lodge. The building also has a one bedroom flat underneath, which appears to have been enclosed at a later date. The building has garbage chutes to an incinerator (no longer in use), and a flat roof with stair access from the top foyer.\n\nEvelyn Court shares the same name as Ernest's father's house \"Evelyn\", 16 Dublin Street, Clayfield, and \"Evelyn\" the family property near the Evelyn Tablelands in [Far North Queensland](/wiki/Far_North_Queensland \"Far North Queensland\").\n\nIn January 1951, Evelyn Court was transferred to Doris Margaret Back, Joan Cosby Back, Victor Merfyn Houseman, and Gloria Elaine Houseman. Since that time, the property has had a number of different owners, and was transferred to the current owners in March 1996\\.\n\n",
"### Julius Street\n\nJulius Street was dedicated by the Brisbane City Council in February 1934, and was named after Julius Rosenfeld. Reports indicate that the Julius Street flat buildings originally had well maintained gardens, which existed well into the 1960s, and remnants of which survive.\n\nJulius Street, a short and narrow cul\\-de\\-sac, is surrounded by a highly intact group of 1930s flat buildings, and as such is recognised by the local community as having a distinct sense of place. This sense of place is reflected in the diverse social history associated with the place. This perception has also been reinforced by the identification of all of the Julius Street properties in the New Farm and [Teneriffe](/wiki/Teneriffe%2C_Queensland \"Teneriffe, Queensland\") Hill Development Control Plan as places of cultural heritage significance, and the recent actions of resident groups.\n\n",
"Description\n-----------\n\n### Ardrossan\n\nArdrossan, a decorative three\\-storeyed rendered masonry structure with strong Spanish Mission/Mediterranean architectural styling references, is prominently located on the northern corner of Julius and Moray Streets, opposite Green Gables. The building has a hipped, corrugated fibrous cement roof, and face brickwork to ground floor sill height with stucco above. Most windows are multi\\-paned casements with face brick sills.\n\nThe building has a symmetrical elevation facing Julius Street to the southeast, which consists of a central section surmounted by a decorative shaped [gable](/wiki/Gable \"Gable\") parapet, with projecting enclosed sleep\\-outs to either side. The sleep\\-outs have casement windows above balustrade height, and different overall detailing to each floor; the ground floor has recessed arches to the front and side; the first floor has a rectangular moulding to the balustrade section; and the second floor has an infilled lattice pattern to the balustrade section.\n\nA recessed, covered entry is located centrally, and consists of paired timber panelled doors and [sidelights](/wiki/Sidelights \"Sidelights\") with glass panels to the upper section. The glass panels to the doors have ogee shaped framing to the outer, upper corners. The entrance has a shaped arch, stylistically similar to the shaped gable to the parapet above, and is accessed via a flight of three brick steps. The entrance is surmounted by a rectangular shaped relief moulding, with a central diamond pattern and a [cornice](/wiki/Cornice \"Cornice\") base. Above this, a central stair\\-light extends from the first to second floor, and contains a series of tangential arc mouldings along its length, with moulded glass panels. A narrow slit, possibly for ventilation, is located centrally in the gable parapet above. A three panel casement window is located on each floor either side of the central entrance feature.\n\nThe northeast elevation to Moray Street has an offset narrow projecting gable, surmounted by a shaped parapet, with a hipped section to the first floor, and a lower hipped section to the ground floor. The ground floor hipped section has paired arched casement windows, and the second floor hipped section has a narrow casement window to both floors.\n\nThe southwest and northwest elevations have corrugated fibrous cement sunhoods to bedroom windows. The rear verandahs are enclosed with casement windows above fibrous cement sheeted balustrades. A metal stair is located centrally at the rear accessing back landings.\n\nThe building contains two flats per floor, each accessed from a central internal staircase at the front, and an external staircase and back landing at the rear. Each flat contains two bedrooms, a living room, kitchen, bathroom, an enclosed front sleep\\-out, and an enclosed rear verandah.\n\nThe entrance staircase is constructed of varnished timber with slim [balusters](/wiki/Balusters \"Balusters\") and square [newel](/wiki/Newel \"Newel\") posts. The timber entrance doors and sidelights are also varnished, as are panelled timber front doors to each flat. Stairs and landing are also of timber. The stair\\-light extends from the first to the second floor. Walls are rendered masonry, and ceilings have plaster mouldings.\n\nEach flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, and multi\\-paned French doors open from the main bedroom to the enclosed sleep\\-out. Doors, [architraves](/wiki/Architraves \"Architraves\") and skirtings are finished in varnished timber, with plate rails to the living room. Internal walls are plastered, with paint or paper finish, and the kitchen has been refitted.\n\nA detached single garage is located on the northern side of the building fronting Moray Street. This structure is constructed of rendered masonry, with a hipped corrugated fibrous cement roof and paired timber garage doors. Timber framed and fibrous cement sheeted garages are located adjacent to the building on the southwest. A low rendered masonry wall, with squat pillars and face brick cappings, is located along the Moray and Julius Street frontages, with metal gates to the southern [driveway](/wiki/Driveway \"Driveway\").\n\n### Green Gables\n\nGreen Gables, a three\\-storeyed structure with a masonry ground level and timber framed and fibrous cement first and second levels, is prominently located on the southern corner of Julius Street and Moray Street, opposite Ardrossan. The building has a tiled multi\\-gable roof and Old English architectural styling references, and soon after construction, the building was described as containing '6 flats, each flat contains 2 bedrooms, lounge and sleeping\\-out verandah, smoker's [balcony](/wiki/Balcony \"Balcony\"), kitchen and bathroom.... and four garages.' When constructed, the building had a rendered masonry ground floor on a face\\-brick base, the first and second storeys featured imitation half\\-timbering, and the sleep\\-outs and smoker's balconies had roll down slat blinds. Stucco has been applied to the exterior of the building covering the imitation half\\-timbering.\n\nThe building has a symmetrical elevation facing Julius Street to the northwest. This comprises a central recessed section containing the entrance stair and landings, with projecting wings, stepped in plan, to both sides. Either side of the entrance section, diamond paned corner windows step out to a small room with a chamfered outside corner, formerly the 'smoker's balcony', which has been enclosed with aluminium framed sliding windows. Each wing culminates in a projecting gable section, jettied at the first floor, with central diamond paned casement windows and cantilevered sunhoods, with timber shutters to the ground level. Both ends of the building have sleep\\-outs enclosed with aluminium sliding windows. The ground floor entrance has a screen wall with paired arched openings and a stepped, tiled parapet, with the name \"GREEN GABLES\" in relief. The glass entrance door, with narrow timber [mullions](/wiki/Mullion \"Mullion\"), is offset to the right, and two small diamond paned casement windows step up following the line of the stair, with a tall narrow diamond paned stair\\-light between the first and second floors.\n\nEach end of the building has a single diamond paned casement window on the southern side, with the enclosed sleep\\-outs to the northern side. The ground level window has a recessed arched header. The rear of the building has a recessed central timber staircase, with projecting timber lattice screening, flanked by gable sections with aluminium framed sliding windows. A small projecting gable section, jettied at the first floor, with central casement windows and sunhoods, is located at either end.\n\nThe building contains two flats per floor, each accessed from a central internal staircase at the front, and a screened external staircase and back landing at the rear. Each flat contains two bedrooms, a living room, kitchen, bathroom, separate toilet, an enclosed sleep\\-out, and an enclosed 'smoker's balcony'.\n\nThe entrance has a timber open well staircase with winders, and square balusters and newel posts. Ground floor internal walls are rendered masonry, and first and second floor walls are timber framed with recessed fibrous cement panels.\n\nEach flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, multi\\-paned French doors open from the main bedroom to the enclosed sleep\\-out, and multi\\-paned single doors open to the enclosed 'smoker's balcony'. Internal doors, architraves and skirtings are finished in painted timber, and the rear kitchen doors have glass panes to the upper section. Kitchens and bathrooms have been refitted, and timber 'tradesman's cupboards' are located outside the rear door to each flat.\n\nFour timber framed and fibrous cement sheeted garages are located adjacent to the building on the southwest. A low brick wall, with squat pillars and a low hedge, is located along the Moray and Julius Street frontages, with a timber gate to the Moray Street entrance on the southern side. The Julius Street frontage has rows of ornamental planting.\n\n### 5 Julius Street\n\nLot 9 on RP 50498\\. The existing structures on this site are not included in the heritage listing for the Julius Street Flats.\n\n### Syncarpia\n\nSyncarpia, a two\\-storeyed structure finished in imitation half\\-timbering, has a tiled hipped roof and concrete stumps. The building, located between Green Gables and Ainslie, has Old English architectural styling references, and fronts Julius Street to the southeast.\n\nThe building has a symmetrical elevation to Julius Street, with a recessed central section comprising a ground floor verandah, and multi\\-paned casement windows with tiled hipped window hoods to the first floor. The verandah has a tiled skillion roof, timber floor, central square timber posts, and corner [columns](/wiki/Columns \"Columns\") composed of chamfered posts with stucco infill panels. The multi\\-paned glass entrance door is located centrally, and is accessed via timber steps to the verandah. The name SYNCARPIA is painted on the [fascia](/wiki/Fascia_%28architecture%29 \"Fascia (architecture)\") above the entrance steps. Timber screens divide off either end of the verandah for the private use of the adjoining flats. These have multi\\-paned French doors opening onto the verandah. The southeast and northeast elevations have rough\\-cast stucco finish to the imitation half\\-timbering, whereas the other elevations have a flat painted finish.\n\nThe central section is flanked by projecting end sections with central multi\\-paned casement windows, with tiled hipped window hoods, surmounting feature panels of diagonal half\\-timbering. The side elevations have multi\\-paned casement windows, with sunhoods on the southwest side. A single\\-storeyed wing, which has been added to the rear of the building to the northwest, has a tiled gable roof, concrete stumps, multi\\-paned casement windows, and glass louvred panels which enclose what appears to have been an open side verandah. The northwest rear elevation has multi\\-paned casement windows with window hoods, and a metal framed stair to a first floor landing.\n\nWhen constructed, the building appears to have contained seven flats with a shared bathroom. It currently contains five self\\-contained flats; two ground floor and three first floor flats containing one, two and three bedrooms. Access is via a central ground floor hallway to an internal quarter turn stair with winders. The stair has a timber balustrade to the first floor, and internal walls are mostly timber framed with fibrous cement sheeting. Some rooms have decorative plaster ceilings, and kitchens and bathrooms have been refitted.\n\nA garden area, with some established trees, is located to the north of the building, and a [carport](/wiki/Carport \"Carport\") and [shed](/wiki/Shed \"Shed\") are located to the northwest adjoining the rear boundary. The Julius Street frontage has a timber paling fence on a brick base enclosing two front garden areas, containing large Palm trees, separated by a central entrance pathway.\n\n### Ainslie\n\n[thumb\\|Ainslie, 2004](/wiki/File:Ainslie_-_Julius_Street_Flats_New_Farm_%282004%29.jpg \"Ainslie - Julius Street Flats New Farm (2004).jpg\")\nAinslie is a two\\-storeyed masonry structure with a tiled hipped roof with projecting [gables](/wiki/Gable \"Gable\") to the southwest. The building has Old English architectural styling references, and is located between Syncarpia and Pine Lodge fronting Julius Street to the southeast. The building has stretcher bond face brickwork, with regularly spaced darker bricks giving a patterned finish, and expressed coursing at sill height.\n\nThe building has a symmetrical entrance elevation facing southwest, which consists of a central section with a ground floor verandah, with projecting enclosed sleep\\-outs to either side. The sleep\\-outs have leaded, diamond paned casement windows, and are surmounted by a gable with stucco infill. The verandah has a tiled skillion roof supported by short, paired timber posts on brick piers, and a timber balustrade with crossed central balusters, and a curved timber valance. The verandah also has a concrete floor on a brick base, with a quarter turn stair at either end with a low brick balustrade with a curved parapet. Four central entrance doors, accessing each of the flats, open off the verandah, and are flanked by leaded, diamond paned casement windows with face brick to sill height and stucco above. The first floor has stucco finish, and centrally positioned paired, arched, diamond paned windows above a basketweave patterned feature brickwork panel.\n\nEither end of the building has multi\\-paned casement windows, with tiled window hoods to the ground level. The northwest end has a basement laundry, and an [awning](/wiki/Awning \"Awning\") linking an adjacent single\\-storeyed brick residence to the northwest. The northeast rear elevation has centrally positioned enclosed verandahs to both levels, with stucco finish, casement windows, and window hoods to the ground level. The enclosed verandahs are accessed from either end by metal framed [stairs](/wiki/Stairs \"Stairs\").\n\nThe building contains four two bedroom flats, each with a living room, kitchen, bathroom, enclosed front sleep\\-out, and enclosed rear verandah. Each flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, and French doors open from the bedrooms to the enclosed sleep\\-out and enclosed verandah. Doors (some with upper glass panels), architraves and skirtings are finished in painted timber, with plate rails to the living room. Internal walls are plastered, with paint finish, and the kitchens and bathrooms have non\\-original fixtures. The southwest paired, arched, diamond paned windows light the living rooms in the two first floor flats.\n\nSkillion roofed carports are located to the north of the building at the rear of the site.\n\n### Pine Lodge\n\nPine Lodge, a two\\-storeyed rendered reinforced concrete structure with a tiled multi\\-gable roof, is located between Ainslie and Evelyn Court, fronting Julius Street to the east and overlooking the Brisbane River to the west. The building has Old English architectural styling references, quite different from the adjacent Art Deco styling of Evelyn Court which shares a very similar floor plan and similar details. The riverfront part of the site contains the remains of lime kilns ([Langshaw Marble Lime Works](/wiki/Langshaw_Marble_Lime_Works \"Langshaw Marble Lime Works\")), which are located below a steep embankment to the west of Pine Lodge.\n\nThe symmetrical Julius Street elevation comprises two gable end sections flanking a lower central entry. The end sections have paired casement windows with concrete window hoods to both floors, and the gables have boarded ends. The entry court is recessed, with a central multi\\-paned French door with concrete nib and hood surround, flanked by leaded, diamond paned sash windows. The first floor projects above the entry (possibly an enclosed verandah), and has a long leaded, diamond paned casement window, and the name PINE LODGE in relief.\n\nThe end elevations are gabled and stepped in plan, culminating in a gable section with a central bay window to each floor. Each bay has leaded diamond paned casement windows, with concrete [brackets](/wiki/Bracket_%28architecture%29 \"Bracket (architecture)\"), nib and hood surrounds. Both elevations have a concrete quarter\\-turn stair with landing at the eastern end, with a [porch](/wiki/Porch \"Porch\") at the landing level, leading to the rear doors of the upper flats. The porch has chamfered upper corners and a square concrete corner post, and the stair has a solid concrete balustrade. The northern end has a basement laundry, and the southern end has two basement garages, with a small terrace area above.\n\nThe symmetrical western elevation consists of a recessed, central entrance, with [bay windows](/wiki/Bay_window \"Bay window\") to either side, flanked by projecting enclosed sleep\\-outs. The bay windows have leaded diamond paned casement windows (some of which have been replaced with aluminium framed sliding units), concrete brackets, nib and hood surrounds, and are surmounted by gables to the roof. The sleep\\-outs have leaded diamond paned casement windows above balustrade height (some of which have also been replaced with sliding aluminium framed units), with chamfered upper corners and non\\-original window hoods. The design and detailing of the sleep\\-outs indicate that they may have been enclosed after construction. The central entrance has multi\\-paned French doors accessed via concrete steps. A concrete path, which is located along the front of the western elevation, is bordered by a fence with concrete piers and a metal railing above a steep embankment.\n\nPine Lodge contains four two bedroom flats, each with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each flat is accessed via a central hall and stair, and also a rear entry. The central stair is constructed of concrete with terrazzo treads and a concrete balustrade. Each flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, and multi\\-paned French doors open from the main bedroom to the enclosed sleep\\-out. Doors, architraves and skirtings are finished in painted timber, with plate rails to the living and dining rooms. Leaded diamond paned swing doors separate the living and dining rooms. Internal walls are plastered with paint or paper finish, and the kitchens have been refitted.\n\nA single\\-storeyed concrete double garage, with a tiled gable roof, is located to the southeast of the building, with its rear wall built on top of the remains of the lime kilns below. The driveway, which is shared with the adjoining Evelyn Court, is located to the south of the building. The Julius Street frontage has a concrete fence with a central metal gate. A garden area is located to the north of the building, with access to stairs which lead down to the riverbank below. A disused single\\-storeyed rendered masonry boat shed, with a corrugated fibrous cement gable roof, is located on the riverbank to the west of Pine Lodge. The boat shed has scribed render to imitate [ashlar](/wiki/Ashlar \"Ashlar\"), casement windows and a rear timber door. The site contains established trees and plantings.\n\n### Evelyn Court\n\nEvelyn Court, a three\\-storeyed rendered masonry structure with a trafficable [flat roof](/wiki/Flat_roof \"Flat roof\"), is located between Pine Lodge and Julius Lodge, fronting Julius Street to the northeast and overlooking the Brisbane River to the west. The building has Art Deco architectural styling references, quite different from the adjacent Old English styling of Pine Lodge which shares a very similar floor plan and similar details.\n\nThe building was originally designed with a hipped roof, similar to Pine Lodge, but at some stage of construction the design was altered to accommodate a flat roof. The exterior treatment of the building was also altered, with Art Deco styling emphasising vertical elements and a stepped parapet.\n\nThe symmetrical western elevation consists of a recessed central entrance, with bay windows to either side, flanked by projecting enclosed sleep\\-outs. The recessed central entrance, accessed via a quarter\\-turn concrete stair with landing, has a concrete canopy supported by stylised columns, and a metal balustrade. Each level above has a casement window, and the roof has a large curved parapet, higher than the adjacent parapet. The bays have mostly leaded diamond paned casement windows, concrete brackets, nib and hood surrounds. The sleep\\-outs have mostly leaded diamond paned casement windows above balustrade height, continuous concrete window hoods which wrap around onto the side elevation, and a diamond pattern in relief to the corner wall sections.\n\nThe end elevations are stepped in plan, culminating in a projecting section with a bay window to each floor. Each bay has mostly leaded diamond paned casement windows, with concrete brackets, nib and hood surrounds. The northern end of the building has the name EVELYN COURT in relief on the parapet above the bay section. Both elevations have concrete quarter\\-turn stairs with landings at the eastern end, with a porch at the landing level, leading to the rear doors of the first and second floor flats (the stairs to the second floor flats have more flights). The porches have chamfered upper corners and square concrete corner posts, and the stairs have metal rail balustrade with a circular pattern. A disused garbage chute is adjacent to each porch. The below floor area of the southern end of the building has been enclosed to form a small, one bedroom flat.\n\nThe symmetrical northeast rear elevation comprises two end sections flanking a recessed central entry. The end sections have paired, mostly leaded diamond paned casement windows with concrete window hoods to each floor. The entry is recessed, with a central door flanked by diamond paned casement windows. A doorway from the landing between the first and second floors opens to an external cantilevered concrete stair with a metal balustrade which accesses the roof.\n\nEvelyn Court contains six two bedroom flats, each with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each flat is accessed via a central hall and stair, and also a rear entry. The central stair is constructed of concrete with a metal balustrade, and the hall has a terrazzo floor. Each flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, and French doors with leaded glass panels open from the main bedroom to the enclosed sleep\\-out. Joinery is stained or painted, and leaded diamond paned swing doors separate the living and dining rooms in most flats. Internal walls are plastered, kitchens have been refitted, and bathrooms retain original black and white tiling. The roof has been covered in layers or bitumen in an attempt to correct waterproofing problems.\n\nA row of garages, located along the southern boundary of the site, is accessed via a concrete driveway along the western side of Evelyn Court. The riverbank contains some established trees and plantings.\n\n### Julius Street\n\nJulius Street, a short and narrow cul\\-de\\-sac, is surrounded by a highly intact group of 1930s flat buildings, and as such is recognised by the local community as a distinct place.\n\n",
"### Ardrossan\n\nArdrossan, a decorative three\\-storeyed rendered masonry structure with strong Spanish Mission/Mediterranean architectural styling references, is prominently located on the northern corner of Julius and Moray Streets, opposite Green Gables. The building has a hipped, corrugated fibrous cement roof, and face brickwork to ground floor sill height with stucco above. Most windows are multi\\-paned casements with face brick sills.\n\nThe building has a symmetrical elevation facing Julius Street to the southeast, which consists of a central section surmounted by a decorative shaped [gable](/wiki/Gable \"Gable\") parapet, with projecting enclosed sleep\\-outs to either side. The sleep\\-outs have casement windows above balustrade height, and different overall detailing to each floor; the ground floor has recessed arches to the front and side; the first floor has a rectangular moulding to the balustrade section; and the second floor has an infilled lattice pattern to the balustrade section.\n\nA recessed, covered entry is located centrally, and consists of paired timber panelled doors and [sidelights](/wiki/Sidelights \"Sidelights\") with glass panels to the upper section. The glass panels to the doors have ogee shaped framing to the outer, upper corners. The entrance has a shaped arch, stylistically similar to the shaped gable to the parapet above, and is accessed via a flight of three brick steps. The entrance is surmounted by a rectangular shaped relief moulding, with a central diamond pattern and a [cornice](/wiki/Cornice \"Cornice\") base. Above this, a central stair\\-light extends from the first to second floor, and contains a series of tangential arc mouldings along its length, with moulded glass panels. A narrow slit, possibly for ventilation, is located centrally in the gable parapet above. A three panel casement window is located on each floor either side of the central entrance feature.\n\nThe northeast elevation to Moray Street has an offset narrow projecting gable, surmounted by a shaped parapet, with a hipped section to the first floor, and a lower hipped section to the ground floor. The ground floor hipped section has paired arched casement windows, and the second floor hipped section has a narrow casement window to both floors.\n\nThe southwest and northwest elevations have corrugated fibrous cement sunhoods to bedroom windows. The rear verandahs are enclosed with casement windows above fibrous cement sheeted balustrades. A metal stair is located centrally at the rear accessing back landings.\n\nThe building contains two flats per floor, each accessed from a central internal staircase at the front, and an external staircase and back landing at the rear. Each flat contains two bedrooms, a living room, kitchen, bathroom, an enclosed front sleep\\-out, and an enclosed rear verandah.\n\nThe entrance staircase is constructed of varnished timber with slim [balusters](/wiki/Balusters \"Balusters\") and square [newel](/wiki/Newel \"Newel\") posts. The timber entrance doors and sidelights are also varnished, as are panelled timber front doors to each flat. Stairs and landing are also of timber. The stair\\-light extends from the first to the second floor. Walls are rendered masonry, and ceilings have plaster mouldings.\n\nEach flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, and multi\\-paned French doors open from the main bedroom to the enclosed sleep\\-out. Doors, [architraves](/wiki/Architraves \"Architraves\") and skirtings are finished in varnished timber, with plate rails to the living room. Internal walls are plastered, with paint or paper finish, and the kitchen has been refitted.\n\nA detached single garage is located on the northern side of the building fronting Moray Street. This structure is constructed of rendered masonry, with a hipped corrugated fibrous cement roof and paired timber garage doors. Timber framed and fibrous cement sheeted garages are located adjacent to the building on the southwest. A low rendered masonry wall, with squat pillars and face brick cappings, is located along the Moray and Julius Street frontages, with metal gates to the southern [driveway](/wiki/Driveway \"Driveway\").\n\n",
"### Green Gables\n\nGreen Gables, a three\\-storeyed structure with a masonry ground level and timber framed and fibrous cement first and second levels, is prominently located on the southern corner of Julius Street and Moray Street, opposite Ardrossan. The building has a tiled multi\\-gable roof and Old English architectural styling references, and soon after construction, the building was described as containing '6 flats, each flat contains 2 bedrooms, lounge and sleeping\\-out verandah, smoker's [balcony](/wiki/Balcony \"Balcony\"), kitchen and bathroom.... and four garages.' When constructed, the building had a rendered masonry ground floor on a face\\-brick base, the first and second storeys featured imitation half\\-timbering, and the sleep\\-outs and smoker's balconies had roll down slat blinds. Stucco has been applied to the exterior of the building covering the imitation half\\-timbering.\n\nThe building has a symmetrical elevation facing Julius Street to the northwest. This comprises a central recessed section containing the entrance stair and landings, with projecting wings, stepped in plan, to both sides. Either side of the entrance section, diamond paned corner windows step out to a small room with a chamfered outside corner, formerly the 'smoker's balcony', which has been enclosed with aluminium framed sliding windows. Each wing culminates in a projecting gable section, jettied at the first floor, with central diamond paned casement windows and cantilevered sunhoods, with timber shutters to the ground level. Both ends of the building have sleep\\-outs enclosed with aluminium sliding windows. The ground floor entrance has a screen wall with paired arched openings and a stepped, tiled parapet, with the name \"GREEN GABLES\" in relief. The glass entrance door, with narrow timber [mullions](/wiki/Mullion \"Mullion\"), is offset to the right, and two small diamond paned casement windows step up following the line of the stair, with a tall narrow diamond paned stair\\-light between the first and second floors.\n\nEach end of the building has a single diamond paned casement window on the southern side, with the enclosed sleep\\-outs to the northern side. The ground level window has a recessed arched header. The rear of the building has a recessed central timber staircase, with projecting timber lattice screening, flanked by gable sections with aluminium framed sliding windows. A small projecting gable section, jettied at the first floor, with central casement windows and sunhoods, is located at either end.\n\nThe building contains two flats per floor, each accessed from a central internal staircase at the front, and a screened external staircase and back landing at the rear. Each flat contains two bedrooms, a living room, kitchen, bathroom, separate toilet, an enclosed sleep\\-out, and an enclosed 'smoker's balcony'.\n\nThe entrance has a timber open well staircase with winders, and square balusters and newel posts. Ground floor internal walls are rendered masonry, and first and second floor walls are timber framed with recessed fibrous cement panels.\n\nEach flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, multi\\-paned French doors open from the main bedroom to the enclosed sleep\\-out, and multi\\-paned single doors open to the enclosed 'smoker's balcony'. Internal doors, architraves and skirtings are finished in painted timber, and the rear kitchen doors have glass panes to the upper section. Kitchens and bathrooms have been refitted, and timber 'tradesman's cupboards' are located outside the rear door to each flat.\n\nFour timber framed and fibrous cement sheeted garages are located adjacent to the building on the southwest. A low brick wall, with squat pillars and a low hedge, is located along the Moray and Julius Street frontages, with a timber gate to the Moray Street entrance on the southern side. The Julius Street frontage has rows of ornamental planting.\n\n",
"### 5 Julius Street\n\nLot 9 on RP 50498\\. The existing structures on this site are not included in the heritage listing for the Julius Street Flats.\n\n",
"### Syncarpia\n\nSyncarpia, a two\\-storeyed structure finished in imitation half\\-timbering, has a tiled hipped roof and concrete stumps. The building, located between Green Gables and Ainslie, has Old English architectural styling references, and fronts Julius Street to the southeast.\n\nThe building has a symmetrical elevation to Julius Street, with a recessed central section comprising a ground floor verandah, and multi\\-paned casement windows with tiled hipped window hoods to the first floor. The verandah has a tiled skillion roof, timber floor, central square timber posts, and corner [columns](/wiki/Columns \"Columns\") composed of chamfered posts with stucco infill panels. The multi\\-paned glass entrance door is located centrally, and is accessed via timber steps to the verandah. The name SYNCARPIA is painted on the [fascia](/wiki/Fascia_%28architecture%29 \"Fascia (architecture)\") above the entrance steps. Timber screens divide off either end of the verandah for the private use of the adjoining flats. These have multi\\-paned French doors opening onto the verandah. The southeast and northeast elevations have rough\\-cast stucco finish to the imitation half\\-timbering, whereas the other elevations have a flat painted finish.\n\nThe central section is flanked by projecting end sections with central multi\\-paned casement windows, with tiled hipped window hoods, surmounting feature panels of diagonal half\\-timbering. The side elevations have multi\\-paned casement windows, with sunhoods on the southwest side. A single\\-storeyed wing, which has been added to the rear of the building to the northwest, has a tiled gable roof, concrete stumps, multi\\-paned casement windows, and glass louvred panels which enclose what appears to have been an open side verandah. The northwest rear elevation has multi\\-paned casement windows with window hoods, and a metal framed stair to a first floor landing.\n\nWhen constructed, the building appears to have contained seven flats with a shared bathroom. It currently contains five self\\-contained flats; two ground floor and three first floor flats containing one, two and three bedrooms. Access is via a central ground floor hallway to an internal quarter turn stair with winders. The stair has a timber balustrade to the first floor, and internal walls are mostly timber framed with fibrous cement sheeting. Some rooms have decorative plaster ceilings, and kitchens and bathrooms have been refitted.\n\nA garden area, with some established trees, is located to the north of the building, and a [carport](/wiki/Carport \"Carport\") and [shed](/wiki/Shed \"Shed\") are located to the northwest adjoining the rear boundary. The Julius Street frontage has a timber paling fence on a brick base enclosing two front garden areas, containing large Palm trees, separated by a central entrance pathway.\n\n",
"### Ainslie\n\n[thumb\\|Ainslie, 2004](/wiki/File:Ainslie_-_Julius_Street_Flats_New_Farm_%282004%29.jpg \"Ainslie - Julius Street Flats New Farm (2004).jpg\")\nAinslie is a two\\-storeyed masonry structure with a tiled hipped roof with projecting [gables](/wiki/Gable \"Gable\") to the southwest. The building has Old English architectural styling references, and is located between Syncarpia and Pine Lodge fronting Julius Street to the southeast. The building has stretcher bond face brickwork, with regularly spaced darker bricks giving a patterned finish, and expressed coursing at sill height.\n\nThe building has a symmetrical entrance elevation facing southwest, which consists of a central section with a ground floor verandah, with projecting enclosed sleep\\-outs to either side. The sleep\\-outs have leaded, diamond paned casement windows, and are surmounted by a gable with stucco infill. The verandah has a tiled skillion roof supported by short, paired timber posts on brick piers, and a timber balustrade with crossed central balusters, and a curved timber valance. The verandah also has a concrete floor on a brick base, with a quarter turn stair at either end with a low brick balustrade with a curved parapet. Four central entrance doors, accessing each of the flats, open off the verandah, and are flanked by leaded, diamond paned casement windows with face brick to sill height and stucco above. The first floor has stucco finish, and centrally positioned paired, arched, diamond paned windows above a basketweave patterned feature brickwork panel.\n\nEither end of the building has multi\\-paned casement windows, with tiled window hoods to the ground level. The northwest end has a basement laundry, and an [awning](/wiki/Awning \"Awning\") linking an adjacent single\\-storeyed brick residence to the northwest. The northeast rear elevation has centrally positioned enclosed verandahs to both levels, with stucco finish, casement windows, and window hoods to the ground level. The enclosed verandahs are accessed from either end by metal framed [stairs](/wiki/Stairs \"Stairs\").\n\nThe building contains four two bedroom flats, each with a living room, kitchen, bathroom, enclosed front sleep\\-out, and enclosed rear verandah. Each flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, and French doors open from the bedrooms to the enclosed sleep\\-out and enclosed verandah. Doors (some with upper glass panels), architraves and skirtings are finished in painted timber, with plate rails to the living room. Internal walls are plastered, with paint finish, and the kitchens and bathrooms have non\\-original fixtures. The southwest paired, arched, diamond paned windows light the living rooms in the two first floor flats.\n\nSkillion roofed carports are located to the north of the building at the rear of the site.\n\n",
"### Pine Lodge\n\nPine Lodge, a two\\-storeyed rendered reinforced concrete structure with a tiled multi\\-gable roof, is located between Ainslie and Evelyn Court, fronting Julius Street to the east and overlooking the Brisbane River to the west. The building has Old English architectural styling references, quite different from the adjacent Art Deco styling of Evelyn Court which shares a very similar floor plan and similar details. The riverfront part of the site contains the remains of lime kilns ([Langshaw Marble Lime Works](/wiki/Langshaw_Marble_Lime_Works \"Langshaw Marble Lime Works\")), which are located below a steep embankment to the west of Pine Lodge.\n\nThe symmetrical Julius Street elevation comprises two gable end sections flanking a lower central entry. The end sections have paired casement windows with concrete window hoods to both floors, and the gables have boarded ends. The entry court is recessed, with a central multi\\-paned French door with concrete nib and hood surround, flanked by leaded, diamond paned sash windows. The first floor projects above the entry (possibly an enclosed verandah), and has a long leaded, diamond paned casement window, and the name PINE LODGE in relief.\n\nThe end elevations are gabled and stepped in plan, culminating in a gable section with a central bay window to each floor. Each bay has leaded diamond paned casement windows, with concrete [brackets](/wiki/Bracket_%28architecture%29 \"Bracket (architecture)\"), nib and hood surrounds. Both elevations have a concrete quarter\\-turn stair with landing at the eastern end, with a [porch](/wiki/Porch \"Porch\") at the landing level, leading to the rear doors of the upper flats. The porch has chamfered upper corners and a square concrete corner post, and the stair has a solid concrete balustrade. The northern end has a basement laundry, and the southern end has two basement garages, with a small terrace area above.\n\nThe symmetrical western elevation consists of a recessed, central entrance, with [bay windows](/wiki/Bay_window \"Bay window\") to either side, flanked by projecting enclosed sleep\\-outs. The bay windows have leaded diamond paned casement windows (some of which have been replaced with aluminium framed sliding units), concrete brackets, nib and hood surrounds, and are surmounted by gables to the roof. The sleep\\-outs have leaded diamond paned casement windows above balustrade height (some of which have also been replaced with sliding aluminium framed units), with chamfered upper corners and non\\-original window hoods. The design and detailing of the sleep\\-outs indicate that they may have been enclosed after construction. The central entrance has multi\\-paned French doors accessed via concrete steps. A concrete path, which is located along the front of the western elevation, is bordered by a fence with concrete piers and a metal railing above a steep embankment.\n\nPine Lodge contains four two bedroom flats, each with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each flat is accessed via a central hall and stair, and also a rear entry. The central stair is constructed of concrete with terrazzo treads and a concrete balustrade. Each flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, and multi\\-paned French doors open from the main bedroom to the enclosed sleep\\-out. Doors, architraves and skirtings are finished in painted timber, with plate rails to the living and dining rooms. Leaded diamond paned swing doors separate the living and dining rooms. Internal walls are plastered with paint or paper finish, and the kitchens have been refitted.\n\nA single\\-storeyed concrete double garage, with a tiled gable roof, is located to the southeast of the building, with its rear wall built on top of the remains of the lime kilns below. The driveway, which is shared with the adjoining Evelyn Court, is located to the south of the building. The Julius Street frontage has a concrete fence with a central metal gate. A garden area is located to the north of the building, with access to stairs which lead down to the riverbank below. A disused single\\-storeyed rendered masonry boat shed, with a corrugated fibrous cement gable roof, is located on the riverbank to the west of Pine Lodge. The boat shed has scribed render to imitate [ashlar](/wiki/Ashlar \"Ashlar\"), casement windows and a rear timber door. The site contains established trees and plantings.\n\n",
"### Evelyn Court\n\nEvelyn Court, a three\\-storeyed rendered masonry structure with a trafficable [flat roof](/wiki/Flat_roof \"Flat roof\"), is located between Pine Lodge and Julius Lodge, fronting Julius Street to the northeast and overlooking the Brisbane River to the west. The building has Art Deco architectural styling references, quite different from the adjacent Old English styling of Pine Lodge which shares a very similar floor plan and similar details.\n\nThe building was originally designed with a hipped roof, similar to Pine Lodge, but at some stage of construction the design was altered to accommodate a flat roof. The exterior treatment of the building was also altered, with Art Deco styling emphasising vertical elements and a stepped parapet.\n\nThe symmetrical western elevation consists of a recessed central entrance, with bay windows to either side, flanked by projecting enclosed sleep\\-outs. The recessed central entrance, accessed via a quarter\\-turn concrete stair with landing, has a concrete canopy supported by stylised columns, and a metal balustrade. Each level above has a casement window, and the roof has a large curved parapet, higher than the adjacent parapet. The bays have mostly leaded diamond paned casement windows, concrete brackets, nib and hood surrounds. The sleep\\-outs have mostly leaded diamond paned casement windows above balustrade height, continuous concrete window hoods which wrap around onto the side elevation, and a diamond pattern in relief to the corner wall sections.\n\nThe end elevations are stepped in plan, culminating in a projecting section with a bay window to each floor. Each bay has mostly leaded diamond paned casement windows, with concrete brackets, nib and hood surrounds. The northern end of the building has the name EVELYN COURT in relief on the parapet above the bay section. Both elevations have concrete quarter\\-turn stairs with landings at the eastern end, with a porch at the landing level, leading to the rear doors of the first and second floor flats (the stairs to the second floor flats have more flights). The porches have chamfered upper corners and square concrete corner posts, and the stairs have metal rail balustrade with a circular pattern. A disused garbage chute is adjacent to each porch. The below floor area of the southern end of the building has been enclosed to form a small, one bedroom flat.\n\nThe symmetrical northeast rear elevation comprises two end sections flanking a recessed central entry. The end sections have paired, mostly leaded diamond paned casement windows with concrete window hoods to each floor. The entry is recessed, with a central door flanked by diamond paned casement windows. A doorway from the landing between the first and second floors opens to an external cantilevered concrete stair with a metal balustrade which accesses the roof.\n\nEvelyn Court contains six two bedroom flats, each with a kitchen, bathroom, living room, dining room and enclosed sleep\\-out. Each flat is accessed via a central hall and stair, and also a rear entry. The central stair is constructed of concrete with a metal balustrade, and the hall has a terrazzo floor. Each flat has decorative plaster ceilings to most rooms, and French doors with leaded glass panels open from the main bedroom to the enclosed sleep\\-out. Joinery is stained or painted, and leaded diamond paned swing doors separate the living and dining rooms in most flats. Internal walls are plastered, kitchens have been refitted, and bathrooms retain original black and white tiling. The roof has been covered in layers or bitumen in an attempt to correct waterproofing problems.\n\nA row of garages, located along the southern boundary of the site, is accessed via a concrete driveway along the western side of Evelyn Court. The riverbank contains some established trees and plantings.\n\n",
"### Julius Street\n\nJulius Street, a short and narrow cul\\-de\\-sac, is surrounded by a highly intact group of 1930s flat buildings, and as such is recognised by the local community as a distinct place.\n\n",
"Heritage listing\n----------------\n\nJulius Street Flats New Farm was listed on the [Queensland Heritage Register](/wiki/Queensland_Heritage_Register \"Queensland Heritage Register\") on 4 August 1997 having satisfied the following criteria.\n\n**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**\n\nThe Julius Street Flats, consisting of seven properties comprising Ardrossan, Green Gables, 5 Julius Street, Syncarpia, Ainslie, Pine Lodge, and Evelyn Court, are located fronting Julius Street, a short cul\\-de\\-sac off Moray Street, New Farm. The seven properties were constructed between 1934 and 1938 on a parcel of land subdivided in 1933 by Julius Rosenfeld, who had operated Rosenfeld's Sawmill on the site from c. 1924\\. The place is important in demonstrating the pattern of residential development in Brisbane, and in particular New Farm, during the interwar period when substantial numbers of flat/apartment buildings were constructed. The increase in the number of flat/apartment buildings being constructed during this period, particularly the mid\\-1930s, demonstrates the increase in Brisbane's population and the subsequent high demand for accommodation due to a shortage of housing. It also reflects changing community attitudes to desirable and acceptable forms of housing. The place, together with the associated remnant lime kilns ([Langshaw Marble Lime Works](/wiki/Langshaw_Marble_Lime_Works \"Langshaw Marble Lime Works\")), is also important in demonstrating the former semi\\-industrial usage of the New Farm riverfront.\n\n**The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.**\n\nThe place is important as a rare example of a group of highly intact 1930s flat/apartment buildings. This rarity is partly the result of Brisbane City Council ordinances changing in 1936–37, which effectively precluded this type of development occurring after that time. The subdivision and subsequent development of the former Rosenfeld Sawmill site occurred over a short period of time, with all of the flat/apartment buildings having been designed, and most built, from c. 1934–35\\.\n\n**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**\n\nThe place demonstrates the three main types of purpose designed flat buildings being designed and constructed in Brisbane during the interwar period. These include the bachelor flat, the moderate rental blocks, and the more prestigious architect designed blocks. The Julius Street Flats also demonstrate the fashionable styles, including Old English, Spanish Mission or Mediterranean, favoured by architects of much of the more prestigious domestic housing in Brisbane during the interwar period. Flats designed in the modernist, Art Deco and Functionalist schools were much rarer. The place is also important as it includes Ardrossan, an important example of a flat/apartment building designed by prominent Brisbane architects Chambers and Ford.\n\n**The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.**\n\nJulius Street, a short and narrow cul\\-de\\-sac, is surrounded by a highly intact group of 1930s flat buildings, and as such is recognised as having a distinct sense of place. The Julius Street Flats have considerable aesthetic significance as a highly intact group of 1930s flat buildings, designed in a range of fashionable styles favoured by architects of much of the more prestigious domestic housing in Brisbane during the interwar period. The place is important as it contains some examples of particular architectural merit, and through its massing, scale, form, materials and detailing, makes an important contribution to the Moray Street streetscape, and to the urban fabric of New Farm. The place also makes an important aesthetic contribution to the Brisbane River.\n\n**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**\n\nThe place has strong associations with the local community, which is reflected in its diverse social history, and its importance is demonstrated through recent resident action to ensure its conservation.\n\n**The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history.**\n\nThe place is important because, through its former use as a site for a sawmill, its subdivision and subsequent development, it has a special association with Julius Rosenfeld and Ernest Mazlin, and their contribution to the timber milling industry in Queensland.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n### Attribution\n\n",
"### Attribution\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Queensland Heritage Register](/wiki/Category:Queensland_Heritage_Register \"Queensland Heritage Register\")\n[Category:New Farm, Queensland](/wiki/Category:New_Farm%2C_Queensland \"New Farm, Queensland\")\n[Category:Apartment buildings in Brisbane](/wiki/Category:Apartment_buildings_in_Brisbane \"Apartment buildings in Brisbane\")\n[Category:Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register](/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_text_from_the_Queensland_Heritage_Register \"Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Kanmantoo, South Australia
|
{
"id": [
7611264
],
"name": [
"AnomieBOT"
]
}
|
3rt7v47s3fhaegkq89p722zvwh8iey8
|
2024-02-08T00:01:08Z
| 1,204,771,231 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Infrastructure",
"Mining",
"Transport",
"References",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Kanmantoo** is a [small mining town](/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_South_Australia \"List of cities and towns in South Australia\") in [South Australia](/wiki/South_Australia \"South Australia\"). It is southeast of [Adelaide](/wiki/Adelaide \"Adelaide\") in the eastern [Adelaide Hills](/wiki/Adelaide_Hills \"Adelaide Hills\"). It is in the catchment basin of the [Bremer river.](/wiki/Bremer_River_%28South_Australia%29 \"Bremer River (South Australia)\") The name, derived from a local aboriginal word Kunga Tuko means, \"different speech\". In 1839 Scottish squatters were the first Europeans to settle in the area. Some of the first residents were Joseph Lean, Henry Jackson Farrington, and William Snell. Joseph Lean arrived 13 December 1840 and for several years captained some of the earliest Kanmantoo mines. Lean was a seasoned Cornish miner, and was one of the pioneers of mining in Kanmantoo. A newspaper in 1915 reported that he was the one to discover the Ore in the Kanmantoo mine. He and his descendants pioneered the nearby town of Staughton, which is now a ghost town. \n\n",
"Infrastructure\n--------------\n\nMore hotels were established in Kanmantoo than any other town in the Adelaide Hills. All of them had short lives, the longest surviving one, the Kanmantoo Hotel, Which licensed from 1863 till 1929\\. Nothing of that hotel now remains. The town, once a bustling economic and mining centre, now a sleepy shadow of a town it used to be. Kanmantoo reached a high in the 1860s, mining employed many and agriculture was well established. There was a blacksmith at Kanmantoo from about the start of the town. The Blacksmith cottage is still standing in the town today.\n\nOn the outskirts of Kanmantoo a fertiliser supplier called Neutrog manufactures fertilisers and garden enhances. The company started in 1988 and is based at Kanmantoo. The factory site covers an area of 20 hectares and employs over 50 people.\n\n",
"Mining\n------\n\nThe town is named after the [Kanmantoo mine](/wiki/Kanmantoo_mine \"Kanmantoo mine\") about south. In 1840, copper was found and the Kanmantoo mine was opened by the South Australia company. Cornish, German, English and Irish came in abundance to the area for the \"rich\" potential in mining. In 1845, Geologists reported that the quality of the surface ore looked to be even more valuable than survey taken at Burra Creek. Consequently, a land survey was taken by The South Australia Company. This immense area was 4 miles wide and 8 miles from north to south. The mine was named by William Gilles after a local Aboriginal word. The site of the old underground mine is now in a much larger open cut with new explorations of underground lodes of copper and gold. The mine is now owned by [Hillgrove Resources](/wiki/Hillgrove_Resources \"Hillgrove Resources\"). It is in the [Adelaide Geosyncline](/wiki/Adelaide_Geosyncline \"Adelaide Geosyncline\").\n\n",
"Transport\n---------\n\nKanmantoo is on the *Old Princes Highway* between [Nairne](/wiki/Nairne%2C_South_Australia \"Nairne, South Australia\") and [Callington](/wiki/Callington%2C_South_Australia \"Callington, South Australia\"), but most through traffic now bypasses the town on the [South Eastern Freeway](/wiki/South_Eastern_Freeway \"South Eastern Freeway\"). An exception to this is [Cyclists](/wiki/Cycling \"Cycling\"), as they are unable to use the freeway to travel between Adelaide and Murray Bridge. The [Adelaide\\-Wolseley railway line](/wiki/Adelaide-Wolseley_railway_line \"Adelaide-Wolseley railway line\") also passes near the mine, but there is no station at Kanmantoo.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Hundred of Kanmantoo](/wiki/Hundred_of_Kanmantoo \"Hundred of Kanmantoo\")\n\n[Category:Towns in South Australia](/wiki/Category:Towns_in_South_Australia \"Towns in South Australia\")\n[Category:Adelaide Hills](/wiki/Category:Adelaide_Hills \"Adelaide Hills\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Andrea Agostinelli
|
{
"id": [
28779459
],
"name": [
"Lepricavark"
]
}
|
4hkpa19i8q5czu4ar44d4wsfqr0r555
|
2024-08-28T21:36:40Z
| 1,241,799,928 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Coaching career",
"Career statistics",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Andrea Agostinelli** (born 20 April 1957\\) is an [Italian](/wiki/Italian_people \"Italian people\") [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") [coach](/wiki/Manager_%28football%29 \"Manager (football)\") and former professional footballer. He played as midfielder.\n\n",
"Coaching career\n---------------\n\nIn April 2013, he was hired by [Varese](/wiki/A.S._Varese_1910 \"A.S. Varese 1910\") as coach.\n\n",
"Career statistics\n-----------------\n\n|Team\n\nFrom\n\nTo\n\nRecord\n\n| |\n| G | W | D | L | Win % |\n|[Piacenza](/wiki/Piacenza_Calcio \"Piacenza Calcio\")\n\n1 July 2002\n\n3 February 2003\n\n|Total\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1957 births](/wiki/Category:1957_births \"1957 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Footballers from Ancona](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Ancona \"Footballers from Ancona\")\n[Category:Italian men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Italian_men%27s_footballers \"Italian men's footballers\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:Italy men's under\\-21 international footballers](/wiki/Category:Italy_men%27s_under-21_international_footballers \"Italy men's under-21 international footballers\")\n[Category:Serie A players](/wiki/Category:Serie_A_players \"Serie A players\")\n[Category:Serie B players](/wiki/Category:Serie_B_players \"Serie B players\")\n[Category:Serie C players](/wiki/Category:Serie_C_players \"Serie C players\")\n[Category:SS Lazio players](/wiki/Category:SS_Lazio_players \"SS Lazio players\")\n[Category:SSC Napoli players](/wiki/Category:SSC_Napoli_players \"SSC Napoli players\")\n[Category:FC Pistoiese SSD players](/wiki/Category:FC_Pistoiese_SSD_players \"FC Pistoiese SSD players\")\n[Category:Modena FC 2018 players](/wiki/Category:Modena_FC_2018_players \"Modena FC 2018 players\")\n[Category:Atalanta BC players](/wiki/Category:Atalanta_BC_players \"Atalanta BC players\")\n[Category:US Avellino 1912 players](/wiki/Category:US_Avellino_1912_players \"US Avellino 1912 players\")\n[Category:US Lecce players](/wiki/Category:US_Lecce_players \"US Lecce players\")\n[Category:Genoa CFC players](/wiki/Category:Genoa_CFC_players \"Genoa CFC players\")\n[Category:Mantova 1911 players](/wiki/Category:Mantova_1911_players \"Mantova 1911 players\")\n[Category:AS Lodigiani players](/wiki/Category:AS_Lodigiani_players \"AS Lodigiani players\")\n[Category:Italian football managers](/wiki/Category:Italian_football_managers \"Italian football managers\")\n[Category:Mantova 1911 managers](/wiki/Category:Mantova_1911_managers \"Mantova 1911 managers\")\n[Category:FC Pistoiese SSD managers](/wiki/Category:FC_Pistoiese_SSD_managers \"FC Pistoiese SSD managers\")\n[Category:Ternana Calcio managers](/wiki/Category:Ternana_Calcio_managers \"Ternana Calcio managers\")\n[Category:Piacenza Calcio 1919 managers](/wiki/Category:Piacenza_Calcio_1919_managers \"Piacenza Calcio 1919 managers\")\n[Category:SSC Napoli managers](/wiki/Category:SSC_Napoli_managers \"SSC Napoli managers\")\n[Category:FC Crotone managers](/wiki/Category:FC_Crotone_managers \"FC Crotone managers\")\n[Category:US Triestina Calcio 1918 managers](/wiki/Category:US_Triestina_Calcio_1918_managers \"US Triestina Calcio 1918 managers\")\n[Category:US Salernitana 1919 managers](/wiki/Category:US_Salernitana_1919_managers \"US Salernitana 1919 managers\")\n[Category:SSD Varese Calcio managers](/wiki/Category:SSD_Varese_Calcio_managers \"SSD Varese Calcio managers\")\n[Category:FK Partizani Tirana managers](/wiki/Category:FK_Partizani_Tirana_managers \"FK Partizani Tirana managers\")\n[Category:KF Skënderbeu Korçë managers](/wiki/Category:KF_Sk%C3%ABnderbeu_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB_managers \"KF Skënderbeu Korçë managers\")\n[Category:Italian expatriate football managers](/wiki/Category:Italian_expatriate_football_managers \"Italian expatriate football managers\")\n[Category:Expatriate football managers in Albania](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_football_managers_in_Albania \"Expatriate football managers in Albania\")\n[Category:Italian expatriate sportspeople in Albania](/wiki/Category:Italian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Albania \"Italian expatriate sportspeople in Albania\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
St John's Church, Deritend
|
{
"id": [
3089562
],
"name": [
"Firstorm"
]
}
|
qaiyay0kghgaee6al667r84bzcgjecl
|
2022-05-03T20:52:31Z
| 1,082,079,653 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Bells",
"Organ",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**St John's Church, Deritend** was a [parish church](/wiki/Parish_church \"Parish church\") in the [Church of England](/wiki/Church_of_England \"Church of England\") in [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham \"Birmingham\"), which stood from 1735 until it was demolished in 1947\\.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nA church was established in 1380 when the villagers in [Deritend](/wiki/Deritend \"Deritend\") were given the right to build their own chapel rather than travel three miles to [Aston Parish Church](/wiki/Church_of_SS_Peter_%26_Paul%2C_Aston \"Church of SS Peter & Paul, Aston\").\n\nThe church was noted as being the place of worship of [John Rogers](/wiki/John_Rogers_%28Bible_editor_and_martyr%29 \"John Rogers (Bible editor and martyr)\"), the first English [Protestant](/wiki/Protestant \"Protestant\") [martyr](/wiki/Martyr \"Martyr\") under [Mary I](/wiki/Mary_I_of_England \"Mary I of England\").\n\nThe church was rebuilt in 1735, and the tower added in 1762\\. In 1939 the church was united with [St Basil's Church, Deritend](/wiki/St_Basil%27s_Church%2C_Deritend \"St Basil's Church, Deritend\") and St Basil's was used as the church of the united benefice. St John's was demolished in 1947\\. The [calvary](/wiki/Calvary_%28sculpture%29 \"Calvary (sculpture)\") which had been erected as a memorial for the [First World War](/wiki/First_World_War \"First World War\") was moved to [St Gabriel's Church, Weoley Castle](/wiki/St_Gabriel%27s_Church%2C_Weoley_Castle \"St Gabriel's Church, Weoley Castle\").\n\n",
"Bells\n-----\n\nEight bells were cast in 1776 by Robert Wells of [Aldbourne, Wiltshire](/wiki/Aldbourne%2C_Wiltshire \"Aldbourne, Wiltshire\"). They were removed and recast into a new ring which were installed in [Bishop Latimer Memorial Church, Winson Green](/wiki/Bishop_Latimer_Memorial_Church%2C_Winson_Green \"Bishop Latimer Memorial Church, Winson Green\") and then were moved to [St John's Church, Perry Barr](/wiki/St_John_the_Evangelist%27s_Church%2C_Perry_Barr \"St John the Evangelist's Church, Perry Barr\") in 1972\\.\n\n",
"Organ\n-----\n\nIn 1906 the church acquired an organ from [St Martin in the Bull Ring](/wiki/St_Martin_in_the_Bull_Ring \"St Martin in the Bull Ring\") which dated from 1822\\. It was installed by [Walter James Bird](/wiki/Walter_James_Bird \"Walter James Bird\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Church of England church buildings in Birmingham, West Midlands](/wiki/Category:Church_of_England_church_buildings_in_Birmingham%2C_West_Midlands \"Church of England church buildings in Birmingham, West Midlands\")\n[John](/wiki/Category:Demolished_churches_in_Birmingham%2C_West_Midlands \"Demolished churches in Birmingham, West Midlands\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Ellin Devis
|
{
"id": [
10951369
],
"name": [
"Onel5969"
]
}
|
hzf7vqf96abj09cx8d5mnjh4blrpt1q
|
2024-08-27T08:06:47Z
| 1,234,774,647 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Career",
"Works",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Ellin Devis** (December 1746 – February 1820\\), also known as **Eilen Devis** or **Ellin Davis**, was a schoolmistress and author of *The Accidence* (1775\\), a popular [eighteenth\\-century grammar](/wiki/History_of_English_grammars%23Eighteenth_century_prescriptive_grammars \"History of English grammars#Eighteenth century prescriptive grammars\").\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nEllin Devis was the daughter of [Arthur Devis](/wiki/Arthur_Devis \"Arthur Devis\") (1712\\-1787\\) and Elizabeth Faulkner (1723\\-1788\\), who had a total of twenty\\-two children, sixteen of whom did not survive their infancy. The surviving six children included Ellin and her siblings Frances Devis (1751\\-17?), [Thomas Anthony Devis](/wiki/Thomas_Anthony_Devis \"Thomas Anthony Devis\") (1756\\-1810\\), [Arthur William Devis](/wiki/Arthur_William_Devis \"Arthur William Devis\") (1762\\-1822\\), Elizabeth Devis (1764\\-1825\\), and Ann Devis (1766\\-1822\\). She came from an artistic family: her father Arthur was known for his [conversation pieces](/wiki/Conversation_piece \"Conversation piece\"), her brother Arthur for historical portraits, and her brother Thomas for landscape paintings.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nDevis's *The Accidence* (1775\\) may have been the first English grammar written specifically for female students. Devis's grammar was recommended by her peers as a general introduction to [Robert Lowth](/wiki/Robert_Lowth \"Robert Lowth\")’s *[Short Introduction to English Grammar](/wiki/Short_Introduction_to_English_Grammar \"Short Introduction to English Grammar\")* (1762\\).\n\nDevis taught at several schools in fashionable areas of London, and her pupils include [Maria Edgeworth](/wiki/Maria_Edgeworth \"Maria Edgeworth\"), [Frances Burney](/wiki/Frances_Burney \"Frances Burney\") and her sister Susannah, [Hester Thrale](/wiki/Hester_Thrale \"Hester Thrale\") and later her daughter Cecilia Piozzi. While Devis was mistress of the [Queen’s Square](/wiki/Queen_Square%2C_London \"Queen Square, London\") school in Bloomsbury, England, it was known as “the Young Ladies [Eton](/wiki/Eton_College \"Eton College\").” Devis's unique teaching style was successful, and at the time of her death in 1820, she had earned enough to own the school.\n\n",
"Works\n-----\n\n* *The Accidence* or *First Rudiments of English Grammar Designed for the use of Young Ladies* (1775\\)\n* *Miscellaneous lessons: designed for the use of young ladies* (1782\\)\n* *The Infant's Miscellany* (1778\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1746 births](/wiki/Category:1746_births \"1746 births\")\n[Category:1820 deaths](/wiki/Category:1820_deaths \"1820 deaths\")\n[Category:Linguists of English](/wiki/Category:Linguists_of_English \"Linguists of English\")\n[Category:18th\\-century English writers](/wiki/Category:18th-century_English_writers \"18th-century English writers\")\n[Category:18th\\-century British women writers](/wiki/Category:18th-century_British_women_writers \"18th-century British women writers\")\n[Category:Schoolteachers from London](/wiki/Category:Schoolteachers_from_London \"Schoolteachers from London\")\n[Category:18th\\-century English educators](/wiki/Category:18th-century_English_educators \"18th-century English educators\")\n[Category:19th\\-century English educators](/wiki/Category:19th-century_English_educators \"19th-century English educators\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Lille during World War II
|
{
"id": [
26830857
],
"name": [
"Lyndaship"
]
}
|
2vu3f7hruxody4ww27ilx77ag8sk3o0
|
2024-02-12T18:17:29Z
| 1,201,415,377 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Military operations",
"Invasion",
"Bombings",
"German administrative structure",
"Resistance",
"Life under the occupation",
"Relations with the German occupiers",
"Rationing",
"Distributing provisions",
"Difficulties",
"Recreation and culture",
"Recreational life continues",
"Restrictions on cultural activities",
"Medical and social assistance",
"Relief organizations",
"Hospitals",
"Passive defense",
"Repression",
"Sanctions against the civilian population",
"Sanctions against political prisoners and resistance fighters",
"The liberation of Lille",
"Collaboration and purges",
"See also",
"Notes",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
4,
4,
3,
4,
4,
3,
4,
4,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nIn 1940, following the period known as the \"[Phoney War](/wiki/Phoney_War \"Phoney War\"),\" [Nazi Germany](/wiki/Nazi_Germany \"Nazi Germany\") invaded [France](/wiki/France \"France\") and occupied the city of [Lille](/wiki/Lille \"Lille\"), in the [Nord](/wiki/Nord_%28French_department%29 \"Nord (French department)\") [department](/wiki/Departments_of_France \"Departments of France\") of northern France, from May 31 of that year until September 4, 1944\\. During the [occupation](/wiki/German-occupied_Europe \"German-occupied Europe\"), the city of nearly was incorporated into [Belgium](/wiki/Belgium \"Belgium\") under a single occupation authority.\n\n",
"Military operations\n-------------------\n\n### Invasion\n\nOn the night of May 9–10, 1940, German armored vehicles crossed the [Ardennes](/wiki/Ardennes \"Ardennes\") to the southeast. German bombers focused their attacks on strategic points, such as the railway line in the Lille suburb of [Lambersart](/wiki/Lambersart \"Lambersart\"). The German army advanced rapidly, occupying [Luxembourg](/wiki/Luxembourg \"Luxembourg\") and Belgium before eventually reaching Lille on May 27\\. After three [panzer divisions](/wiki/Panzer_division \"Panzer division\") attacked from west of the [Deûle](/wiki/De%C3%BBle \"Deûle\") river, French and British soldiers withdrew from the city, leaving only a few pioneer regiment units, eighty administrative clerks, and a thousand [Senegalese soldiers](/wiki/Senegalese_Tirailleurs \"Senegalese Tirailleurs\") entrenched in the [Citadel of Lille](/wiki/Citadel_of_Lille \"Citadel of Lille\"). Though otherwise ill\\-equipped, the Senegalese regiment's armored vehicles allowed them to resist the siege for four days.\n\nTo prevent strategic resources from falling into German hands, the British destroyed the Boitelle telephone center and burned a stockpile of military equipment that could not be escorted to the *[zone libre](/wiki/Zone_libre \"Zone libre\")* in time. On the morning of May 28, German patrols defeated pockets of resistance around the Rue Solférino, the Rue Nationale, and the Haute\\-Deûle. Field headquarters were set up in the , also known as the Grand'Place. On May 31, the last remaining resistance on the Avenue de Dunkerque in Lambersart and in the Citadel laid down their arms.\n\nThe Battle of Lille officially ended on June 1, when French soldiers were marched through the city streets and the Grand'Place. The final death toll was 174, including 15 civilians, 128 French soldiers, one British soldier, and 30 German soldiers. Two bridges and two hundred and twenty buildings were destroyed, including the Place de Tourcoing and the buildings surrounding the Porte de Béthune.\n\n### Bombings\n\nThe city center of Lille was largely left undamaged by aerial raids during the German occupation. In contrast, outlying neighborhoods endured numerous attacks. Most affected were the Lille\\-Fives metalworks factories (targeted eight times between 1941 and 1944\\), the [SNCF](/wiki/SNCF \"SNCF\") workshops in [Hellemmes](/wiki/Hellemmes \"Hellemmes\"), the Lille\\-Délivrance classification yard, the spinning mills in the Moulins neighborhood of Lille (targeted five times between 1941 and 1944\\), as well as the Kuhlmann chemical complexes in [Loos](/wiki/Loos_%28Nord%29 \"Loos (Nord)\") and [Marquette](/wiki/Marquette-lez-Lille \"Marquette-lez-Lille\").\n\n",
"### Invasion\n\nOn the night of May 9–10, 1940, German armored vehicles crossed the [Ardennes](/wiki/Ardennes \"Ardennes\") to the southeast. German bombers focused their attacks on strategic points, such as the railway line in the Lille suburb of [Lambersart](/wiki/Lambersart \"Lambersart\"). The German army advanced rapidly, occupying [Luxembourg](/wiki/Luxembourg \"Luxembourg\") and Belgium before eventually reaching Lille on May 27\\. After three [panzer divisions](/wiki/Panzer_division \"Panzer division\") attacked from west of the [Deûle](/wiki/De%C3%BBle \"Deûle\") river, French and British soldiers withdrew from the city, leaving only a few pioneer regiment units, eighty administrative clerks, and a thousand [Senegalese soldiers](/wiki/Senegalese_Tirailleurs \"Senegalese Tirailleurs\") entrenched in the [Citadel of Lille](/wiki/Citadel_of_Lille \"Citadel of Lille\"). Though otherwise ill\\-equipped, the Senegalese regiment's armored vehicles allowed them to resist the siege for four days.\n\nTo prevent strategic resources from falling into German hands, the British destroyed the Boitelle telephone center and burned a stockpile of military equipment that could not be escorted to the *[zone libre](/wiki/Zone_libre \"Zone libre\")* in time. On the morning of May 28, German patrols defeated pockets of resistance around the Rue Solférino, the Rue Nationale, and the Haute\\-Deûle. Field headquarters were set up in the , also known as the Grand'Place. On May 31, the last remaining resistance on the Avenue de Dunkerque in Lambersart and in the Citadel laid down their arms.\n\nThe Battle of Lille officially ended on June 1, when French soldiers were marched through the city streets and the Grand'Place. The final death toll was 174, including 15 civilians, 128 French soldiers, one British soldier, and 30 German soldiers. Two bridges and two hundred and twenty buildings were destroyed, including the Place de Tourcoing and the buildings surrounding the Porte de Béthune.\n\n",
"### Bombings\n\nThe city center of Lille was largely left undamaged by aerial raids during the German occupation. In contrast, outlying neighborhoods endured numerous attacks. Most affected were the Lille\\-Fives metalworks factories (targeted eight times between 1941 and 1944\\), the [SNCF](/wiki/SNCF \"SNCF\") workshops in [Hellemmes](/wiki/Hellemmes \"Hellemmes\"), the Lille\\-Délivrance classification yard, the spinning mills in the Moulins neighborhood of Lille (targeted five times between 1941 and 1944\\), as well as the Kuhlmann chemical complexes in [Loos](/wiki/Loos_%28Nord%29 \"Loos (Nord)\") and [Marquette](/wiki/Marquette-lez-Lille \"Marquette-lez-Lille\").\n\n",
"German administrative structure\n-------------------------------\n\nThe [German High Command in Paris](/wiki/Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht \"Oberkommando der Wehrmacht\") had no authority over the Nord and Pas\\-de\\-Calais departments, which were instead incorporated into Belgium under the purview of the [Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France](/wiki/Military_Administration_in_Belgium_and_Northern_France \"Military Administration in Belgium and Northern France\"), based in [Brussels](/wiki/Brussels \"Brussels\"). Germany's intent was to weaken France by depriving it of two departments that contained numerous sources of wealth (e.g., spinning mills, steel mills, mines, and paper mills). The Military Administration's field headquarters, OFK 670, in Lille was based at the Lille Chamber of Commerce and led by General [Heinrich Niehoff](/wiki/Heinrich_Niehoff_%28German_general%29 \"Heinrich Niehoff (German general)\").\n\nGeneral Niehoff held full authority over Nord and Pas\\-de\\-Calais. On April 17, 1941, an order of the OFK 670 stated that \"the execution of the following laws, orders, decrees, and decisions emanating from the French government has been forbidden with retroactive effect within the administrative area of the OFK 670\\.\" Fifty\\-six decrees were nullified following this declaration.\n\nWithin the Lille administrative area, OFK 569 handled matters such as security services, postal services, civil unrest, passive defense, prisoners, ration cards, and counter\\-espionage.\n\n",
"Resistance\n----------\n\nIn Lille, acts of resistance consisted mainly of disobedience, theft, and the distribution of clandestine newspapers, such as *L'Homme libre* by [Jean\\-Baptiste Lebas](/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lebas \"Jean-Baptiste Lebas\"). The plains of the Nord *département* made it difficult to establish any [maquis](/wiki/Maquis_%28World_War_II%29 \"Maquis (World War II)\"), as in the more mountainous regions. Moreover, numerous German contingents were posted to Lille. Consequently, few attempts were made to directly sabotage German installations. Out of those that were sabotaged, most were factories and railways. German soldiers and collaborators in the area were also occasionally found dead.\n \nThree major networks operating in Lille and the greater administrative area in France were particularly active: \n* \"Sylvestre or Farmer\": a French affiliate network created and led by Britain's [Special Operations Executive](/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive \"Special Operations Executive\") agent [Michael Trotobas](/wiki/Michael_Trotobas \"Michael Trotobas\"). Destroyed 22 transformers and 12 circuit breakers in Lille\\-Fives, for example on June 26, 1943\\. Trotobas was killed by German military police on November 27, 1943\\.\n* \"OCM\" ([Organisation civile et militaire](/wiki/Organisation_civile_et_militaire \"Organisation civile et militaire\")): a movement created in Paris in November 1940\\. Very active in the distribution of clandestine newspapers and the collection of intelligence, particularly military\\-related intelligence.\n* \"FTP\" ([Francs\\-Tireurs et Partisans](/wiki/Francs-Tireurs_et_Partisans \"Francs-Tireurs et Partisans\")): a network created in 1942 and run by the [PCF](/wiki/Parti_communiste_fran%C3%A7ais \"Parti communiste français\"), based in Paris and led by [Jacques Duclos](/wiki/Jacques_Duclos \"Jacques Duclos\").\n\nExamples of acts of sabotage: \n* November 4, 1940: cables sabotaged at [La Madeleine](/wiki/La_Madeleine%2C_Nord \"La Madeleine, Nord\") (a fine was imposed on the city government)\n* The night of May 26–27, 1941: officer murdered in Lille\n* January 9, 1943: Army depot in Lille attacked\n* November 5, 1943: train derailed between Lille and Tourcoing\n\n",
"Life under the occupation\n-------------------------\n\n### Relations with the German occupiers\n\nBetween June 1940 and August–September 1944, the city's residents had very tense relations with their German occupiers. The oldest among them still bore the scars of the previous German occupation during the First World War, while the youngest were unnerved by the Nazi regime. The German authorities stepped up their efforts to maintain cordial relations with the residents of Lille, in order to facilitate plans to incorporate Nord and Pas\\-de\\-Calais into one great Flemish state. To that end, they opened canteens, lent aid to the elderly, and even offered sweets to children.\n\n### Rationing\n\n#### Distributing provisions\n\nIn April 1940, Lille and five other cities in the region obtained substantial supplies of foodstuffs and clothing. Around of meat were stored in the refrigerated warehouses of Lille. In May 1940, many shops began to be looted by hungry refugees. The Prefect, Fernand Carles, addressed the issue by re\\-opening food shops and pharmacies. The next step was to requisition and redistribute existing stocks as fairly as possible. In June 1940, Lille became the first city in France to issue ration cards (for bread, milk, coal, etc.). Each resident was sorted into a category based on their age and sex, at which point they received a ration card (*carte individuelle d'alimentation*) with monthly supply vouchers. A local Reprovisioning Committee (*Comité de Ravitaillement*) was formed on June 5, and due to its considerable efforts, Lille residents received of bread daily, each time in exchange for one bread voucher. \n\nUnder the occupation, supply problems were managed by the offices of the Prefecture, which had to work with the German Supply office and comply with the orders of the OFK 670\\. Between September and December 1940, an agency was in charge of amassing supplies of goods and regulating their commercialization, until the establishment of the General Reprovisioning Directorate (*Direction du Ravitaillement Général*) for the Nord *département* on January 1, 1941\\. However, the OFK 670 maintained absolute de facto control over the population's supplies.\n\n#### Difficulties\n\nThe occupation authority encouraged relations with Belgium, even in the matter of supplies. Lille residents engaged in trade with their Belgian neighbors, sending food, chemical products, pharmaceuticals, coal, and more. Fraudulent activity was common, which harmed the interests of the General Directorate. The black market covered up to 60% of the city's needs, but also lead to food inflation. Such illicit trafficking of goods was severely punished by the authorities.\n\nThere were special rules and restrictions in place:\n* More than 1,000 establishments in Lille selling alcoholic beverages were subject to certain rules (e.g., the sale of alcohol was strictly forbidden three days out of the week, and every such establishment had to close at a certain hour).\n* Article 1 of the Order of May 2, 1941 set forth regulations on restaurants. A la carte service was forbidden, meat portions were limited, and fresh bread was not allowed to be served, among other restrictions.\n* Business cafeterias that received either \"normal\" or \"privileged\" levels of food supplies (e.g., cafeterias in metalworks plants working on the [Atlantic Wall](/wiki/Atlantic_Wall \"Atlantic Wall\")) were under the control of the OFK 670 in 1941\\. \nWeekly markets in Lille (such as those selling fruits, vegetables, and meats) saw a major drop in customers during the war, a situation that only worsened under the occupation, as all products required a voucher. Fish sellers in the [Wazemmes](/wiki/Wazemmes \"Wazemmes\") neighborhood and on the Rue Solférino had the most success. Lines grew long in front of grocery stores and food shops.\n\nMany bakeries were closed down or looted. The largest bread factory and flour mill in France during the interwar period was the Indépendante, which supplied many cities in the region. Consequently, it drew the Germans' interest the moment they arrived in Lille, resulting in German military personnel being posted there.\n\nSugar was more readily available in Lille than in some other regions of the country, but supplies of meat remained scarce. Hunting permits were issued by a department of the OFK 670 in Lille, led by Chief Inspector Estorff, a friend of Marshall [Göring](/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring \"Hermann Göring\"). \n\nWine was rationed, leading to significant levels of wine trafficking that even the Germans themselves contributed to. Coal, leather, oil, and metals were also frequently in short supply.\n\n### Recreation and culture\n\n#### Recreational life continues\n\nCultural consumption in Lille continued apace, likely due to a general desire to be distracted from current events. Performances were sometimes interrupted by air raid sirens or blackouts. In movie theaters, Nazi propaganda and German news reports frequently preceded film screenings. The was often full, though the Germans paid little attention to it, caring only that theatergoers complied with the rules. Although the French were allowed to attend German performances, such as at the [Opéra](/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Lille \"Opéra de Lille\") starting in 1941, they rarely did so. On May 10, 1941, the \"Deutsche Theater\" was unveiled, with the goal of turning the Opéra de Lille into a veritable German cultural space. It would be the site of many performances, including operas, plays, ballets, and concerts. Exhibitions in Lille were still common, and their topics were often in alignment with Nazi propaganda (e.g., \"Bolshevism against Europe\" in June 1942\\).\n\nThe most active sports associations in Lille were association football, cycling, rowing (Lille's oldest sports club), and track and field. Flandre\\-Lille, a football team well known for its high level of play, finished second in the 1944 French Championship. In November 1944, the [Lille Olympiqe Sporting Club](/wiki/Lille_LOSC \"Lille LOSC\") was formed from the merger of two other association football clubs. Three [Paris–Roubaix](/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Roubaix \"Paris–Roubaix\") cycling events took place during the war.\n\nThere were numerous [community gardens](/wiki/Community_gardens \"Community gardens\") in Lille during the occupation.\n\n#### Restrictions on cultural activities\n\nThe Germans imposed a number of restrictions on recreational life and cultural activities in Lille. Jewish pieces were not allowed to be played at concerts, and English\\-language films were banned in 1940\\. Dancing in public places was outlawed on August 20, 1940; however, dancing was allowed in certain schools, which had to comply with strict rules imposed by the Germans. Sign\\-up fees were often high, so residents from poorer backgrounds would make do by attending secret dances, at the risk of being fined. On September 8, 1939, the Bibliothèque Municipale was closed to the public, its collections periodically transferred to other regions.\n\nPublished works were not allowed to \"harm German prestige and interests,\" according to one rule on book publishing. The physical quality of books worsened during the war, owing to a shortage of paper.\n\n### Medical and social assistance\n\nThe national government was slow to act, so private organizations—including the ACO (Catholic Action for Workers), the LOC (League of Christian Workers), and the Social Secretariat of Lille—handled the distribution of emergency relief to the families of the men away at war. Those families who were most in need were given money.\n\nThe first soup kitchens in Lille were set up in November 1940\\. Low\\-cost restaurants were set up in 1941, along with school cafeterias. Heated shelters, open every afternoon except Sundays, were also established in Lille. They had readings rooms, nurses, sewing machines, and more. Finally, the organization National Relief (*Secours National*) focused its relief efforts on aid to bombing victims, and also engaged in rescue operations.\n\n#### Relief organizations\n\nOn June 4, 1940, the SSBM (Society for Relief to Wounded Soldiers), UFF (Union of French Women), and ADF (Association of French Ladies) merged to form the [French Red Cross](/wiki/French_Red_Cross \"French Red Cross\"). The Committee of the French Red Cross in Lille engaged in a variety of activities, such as opening two clinics and offering training for nurses. Numerous volunteers worked for the Red Cross, and most of the committee's resources were devoted to aiding the suffering (particularly prisoners in Loos, as well as the wounded, the sick, undernourished children, etc.). In April 1942, the Youth Red Cross was formed.\n\nIn the first year of the war, the \"Dames,\" female volunteers trained in healthcare, managed the train station cafeteria reserved for soldiers on leave, while also helping with various other day\\-to\\-day tasks (notable examples include Marie\\-Rose Dalmar and Elisabeth Biarez). They were very active during the occupation and cared for numerous patients.\n\nFirst\\-aid workers were also very active, particularly following the 1942 bombings of Fives and Helemmes. During this period, under the stewardship of Maurice Defives, Lille was the best\\-organized city when it came to first aid, with 260 first\\-aid responders in 1943\\. The job was not without its dangers, however, as demonstrated when four aid workers were gunned down by the [SS](/wiki/Waffen-SS \"Waffen-SS\") in 1944\\.\n\nThe existence of German organizations such as the NSV (Socialist National Assistance, or \"New Society of Vandals\" according to the locals), established in 1940, as well as a group of German nurses known as Schwestern (\"sisters\"), attests to the Nazi Party's desire to show goodwill to the French, with the goal of reconciling their two peoples. However, these organizations ceased operations in early 1941\\.\n\n#### Hospitals\n\nThere were numerous hospitals in Lille, including the Scrive Military Hospital, which mostly cared for prisoners from Loos and victims of torture at the hands of the secret police in La Madeleine. It was completely occupied by the Germans in 1941, and in 1942 entry to the premises was forbidden. There was also Saint\\-Sauveur Hospital, which was originally reserved for civilians until a large influx of soldiers arrived in May 1940\\. The Germans abandoned Saint\\-Sauveur on August 30, 1944, as well as Calmette Hospital, which specialized in pulmonary conditions (particularly tuberculosis), surgery, and care for victims of gas attacks.\n\nIn general, there was a shortage of healthcare workers and medicine, and a surplus of victims and patients.\n\n",
"### Relations with the German occupiers\n\nBetween June 1940 and August–September 1944, the city's residents had very tense relations with their German occupiers. The oldest among them still bore the scars of the previous German occupation during the First World War, while the youngest were unnerved by the Nazi regime. The German authorities stepped up their efforts to maintain cordial relations with the residents of Lille, in order to facilitate plans to incorporate Nord and Pas\\-de\\-Calais into one great Flemish state. To that end, they opened canteens, lent aid to the elderly, and even offered sweets to children.\n\n",
"### Rationing\n\n#### Distributing provisions\n\nIn April 1940, Lille and five other cities in the region obtained substantial supplies of foodstuffs and clothing. Around of meat were stored in the refrigerated warehouses of Lille. In May 1940, many shops began to be looted by hungry refugees. The Prefect, Fernand Carles, addressed the issue by re\\-opening food shops and pharmacies. The next step was to requisition and redistribute existing stocks as fairly as possible. In June 1940, Lille became the first city in France to issue ration cards (for bread, milk, coal, etc.). Each resident was sorted into a category based on their age and sex, at which point they received a ration card (*carte individuelle d'alimentation*) with monthly supply vouchers. A local Reprovisioning Committee (*Comité de Ravitaillement*) was formed on June 5, and due to its considerable efforts, Lille residents received of bread daily, each time in exchange for one bread voucher. \n\nUnder the occupation, supply problems were managed by the offices of the Prefecture, which had to work with the German Supply office and comply with the orders of the OFK 670\\. Between September and December 1940, an agency was in charge of amassing supplies of goods and regulating their commercialization, until the establishment of the General Reprovisioning Directorate (*Direction du Ravitaillement Général*) for the Nord *département* on January 1, 1941\\. However, the OFK 670 maintained absolute de facto control over the population's supplies.\n\n#### Difficulties\n\nThe occupation authority encouraged relations with Belgium, even in the matter of supplies. Lille residents engaged in trade with their Belgian neighbors, sending food, chemical products, pharmaceuticals, coal, and more. Fraudulent activity was common, which harmed the interests of the General Directorate. The black market covered up to 60% of the city's needs, but also lead to food inflation. Such illicit trafficking of goods was severely punished by the authorities.\n\nThere were special rules and restrictions in place:\n* More than 1,000 establishments in Lille selling alcoholic beverages were subject to certain rules (e.g., the sale of alcohol was strictly forbidden three days out of the week, and every such establishment had to close at a certain hour).\n* Article 1 of the Order of May 2, 1941 set forth regulations on restaurants. A la carte service was forbidden, meat portions were limited, and fresh bread was not allowed to be served, among other restrictions.\n* Business cafeterias that received either \"normal\" or \"privileged\" levels of food supplies (e.g., cafeterias in metalworks plants working on the [Atlantic Wall](/wiki/Atlantic_Wall \"Atlantic Wall\")) were under the control of the OFK 670 in 1941\\. \nWeekly markets in Lille (such as those selling fruits, vegetables, and meats) saw a major drop in customers during the war, a situation that only worsened under the occupation, as all products required a voucher. Fish sellers in the [Wazemmes](/wiki/Wazemmes \"Wazemmes\") neighborhood and on the Rue Solférino had the most success. Lines grew long in front of grocery stores and food shops.\n\nMany bakeries were closed down or looted. The largest bread factory and flour mill in France during the interwar period was the Indépendante, which supplied many cities in the region. Consequently, it drew the Germans' interest the moment they arrived in Lille, resulting in German military personnel being posted there.\n\nSugar was more readily available in Lille than in some other regions of the country, but supplies of meat remained scarce. Hunting permits were issued by a department of the OFK 670 in Lille, led by Chief Inspector Estorff, a friend of Marshall [Göring](/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring \"Hermann Göring\"). \n\nWine was rationed, leading to significant levels of wine trafficking that even the Germans themselves contributed to. Coal, leather, oil, and metals were also frequently in short supply.\n\n",
"#### Distributing provisions\n\nIn April 1940, Lille and five other cities in the region obtained substantial supplies of foodstuffs and clothing. Around of meat were stored in the refrigerated warehouses of Lille. In May 1940, many shops began to be looted by hungry refugees. The Prefect, Fernand Carles, addressed the issue by re\\-opening food shops and pharmacies. The next step was to requisition and redistribute existing stocks as fairly as possible. In June 1940, Lille became the first city in France to issue ration cards (for bread, milk, coal, etc.). Each resident was sorted into a category based on their age and sex, at which point they received a ration card (*carte individuelle d'alimentation*) with monthly supply vouchers. A local Reprovisioning Committee (*Comité de Ravitaillement*) was formed on June 5, and due to its considerable efforts, Lille residents received of bread daily, each time in exchange for one bread voucher. \n\nUnder the occupation, supply problems were managed by the offices of the Prefecture, which had to work with the German Supply office and comply with the orders of the OFK 670\\. Between September and December 1940, an agency was in charge of amassing supplies of goods and regulating their commercialization, until the establishment of the General Reprovisioning Directorate (*Direction du Ravitaillement Général*) for the Nord *département* on January 1, 1941\\. However, the OFK 670 maintained absolute de facto control over the population's supplies.\n\n",
"#### Difficulties\n\nThe occupation authority encouraged relations with Belgium, even in the matter of supplies. Lille residents engaged in trade with their Belgian neighbors, sending food, chemical products, pharmaceuticals, coal, and more. Fraudulent activity was common, which harmed the interests of the General Directorate. The black market covered up to 60% of the city's needs, but also lead to food inflation. Such illicit trafficking of goods was severely punished by the authorities.\n\nThere were special rules and restrictions in place:\n* More than 1,000 establishments in Lille selling alcoholic beverages were subject to certain rules (e.g., the sale of alcohol was strictly forbidden three days out of the week, and every such establishment had to close at a certain hour).\n* Article 1 of the Order of May 2, 1941 set forth regulations on restaurants. A la carte service was forbidden, meat portions were limited, and fresh bread was not allowed to be served, among other restrictions.\n* Business cafeterias that received either \"normal\" or \"privileged\" levels of food supplies (e.g., cafeterias in metalworks plants working on the [Atlantic Wall](/wiki/Atlantic_Wall \"Atlantic Wall\")) were under the control of the OFK 670 in 1941\\. \nWeekly markets in Lille (such as those selling fruits, vegetables, and meats) saw a major drop in customers during the war, a situation that only worsened under the occupation, as all products required a voucher. Fish sellers in the [Wazemmes](/wiki/Wazemmes \"Wazemmes\") neighborhood and on the Rue Solférino had the most success. Lines grew long in front of grocery stores and food shops.\n\nMany bakeries were closed down or looted. The largest bread factory and flour mill in France during the interwar period was the Indépendante, which supplied many cities in the region. Consequently, it drew the Germans' interest the moment they arrived in Lille, resulting in German military personnel being posted there.\n\nSugar was more readily available in Lille than in some other regions of the country, but supplies of meat remained scarce. Hunting permits were issued by a department of the OFK 670 in Lille, led by Chief Inspector Estorff, a friend of Marshall [Göring](/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring \"Hermann Göring\"). \n\nWine was rationed, leading to significant levels of wine trafficking that even the Germans themselves contributed to. Coal, leather, oil, and metals were also frequently in short supply.\n\n",
"### Recreation and culture\n\n#### Recreational life continues\n\nCultural consumption in Lille continued apace, likely due to a general desire to be distracted from current events. Performances were sometimes interrupted by air raid sirens or blackouts. In movie theaters, Nazi propaganda and German news reports frequently preceded film screenings. The was often full, though the Germans paid little attention to it, caring only that theatergoers complied with the rules. Although the French were allowed to attend German performances, such as at the [Opéra](/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Lille \"Opéra de Lille\") starting in 1941, they rarely did so. On May 10, 1941, the \"Deutsche Theater\" was unveiled, with the goal of turning the Opéra de Lille into a veritable German cultural space. It would be the site of many performances, including operas, plays, ballets, and concerts. Exhibitions in Lille were still common, and their topics were often in alignment with Nazi propaganda (e.g., \"Bolshevism against Europe\" in June 1942\\).\n\nThe most active sports associations in Lille were association football, cycling, rowing (Lille's oldest sports club), and track and field. Flandre\\-Lille, a football team well known for its high level of play, finished second in the 1944 French Championship. In November 1944, the [Lille Olympiqe Sporting Club](/wiki/Lille_LOSC \"Lille LOSC\") was formed from the merger of two other association football clubs. Three [Paris–Roubaix](/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Roubaix \"Paris–Roubaix\") cycling events took place during the war.\n\nThere were numerous [community gardens](/wiki/Community_gardens \"Community gardens\") in Lille during the occupation.\n\n#### Restrictions on cultural activities\n\nThe Germans imposed a number of restrictions on recreational life and cultural activities in Lille. Jewish pieces were not allowed to be played at concerts, and English\\-language films were banned in 1940\\. Dancing in public places was outlawed on August 20, 1940; however, dancing was allowed in certain schools, which had to comply with strict rules imposed by the Germans. Sign\\-up fees were often high, so residents from poorer backgrounds would make do by attending secret dances, at the risk of being fined. On September 8, 1939, the Bibliothèque Municipale was closed to the public, its collections periodically transferred to other regions.\n\nPublished works were not allowed to \"harm German prestige and interests,\" according to one rule on book publishing. The physical quality of books worsened during the war, owing to a shortage of paper.\n\n",
"#### Recreational life continues\n\nCultural consumption in Lille continued apace, likely due to a general desire to be distracted from current events. Performances were sometimes interrupted by air raid sirens or blackouts. In movie theaters, Nazi propaganda and German news reports frequently preceded film screenings. The was often full, though the Germans paid little attention to it, caring only that theatergoers complied with the rules. Although the French were allowed to attend German performances, such as at the [Opéra](/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Lille \"Opéra de Lille\") starting in 1941, they rarely did so. On May 10, 1941, the \"Deutsche Theater\" was unveiled, with the goal of turning the Opéra de Lille into a veritable German cultural space. It would be the site of many performances, including operas, plays, ballets, and concerts. Exhibitions in Lille were still common, and their topics were often in alignment with Nazi propaganda (e.g., \"Bolshevism against Europe\" in June 1942\\).\n\nThe most active sports associations in Lille were association football, cycling, rowing (Lille's oldest sports club), and track and field. Flandre\\-Lille, a football team well known for its high level of play, finished second in the 1944 French Championship. In November 1944, the [Lille Olympiqe Sporting Club](/wiki/Lille_LOSC \"Lille LOSC\") was formed from the merger of two other association football clubs. Three [Paris–Roubaix](/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Roubaix \"Paris–Roubaix\") cycling events took place during the war.\n\nThere were numerous [community gardens](/wiki/Community_gardens \"Community gardens\") in Lille during the occupation.\n\n",
"#### Restrictions on cultural activities\n\nThe Germans imposed a number of restrictions on recreational life and cultural activities in Lille. Jewish pieces were not allowed to be played at concerts, and English\\-language films were banned in 1940\\. Dancing in public places was outlawed on August 20, 1940; however, dancing was allowed in certain schools, which had to comply with strict rules imposed by the Germans. Sign\\-up fees were often high, so residents from poorer backgrounds would make do by attending secret dances, at the risk of being fined. On September 8, 1939, the Bibliothèque Municipale was closed to the public, its collections periodically transferred to other regions.\n\nPublished works were not allowed to \"harm German prestige and interests,\" according to one rule on book publishing. The physical quality of books worsened during the war, owing to a shortage of paper.\n\n",
"### Medical and social assistance\n\nThe national government was slow to act, so private organizations—including the ACO (Catholic Action for Workers), the LOC (League of Christian Workers), and the Social Secretariat of Lille—handled the distribution of emergency relief to the families of the men away at war. Those families who were most in need were given money.\n\nThe first soup kitchens in Lille were set up in November 1940\\. Low\\-cost restaurants were set up in 1941, along with school cafeterias. Heated shelters, open every afternoon except Sundays, were also established in Lille. They had readings rooms, nurses, sewing machines, and more. Finally, the organization National Relief (*Secours National*) focused its relief efforts on aid to bombing victims, and also engaged in rescue operations.\n\n#### Relief organizations\n\nOn June 4, 1940, the SSBM (Society for Relief to Wounded Soldiers), UFF (Union of French Women), and ADF (Association of French Ladies) merged to form the [French Red Cross](/wiki/French_Red_Cross \"French Red Cross\"). The Committee of the French Red Cross in Lille engaged in a variety of activities, such as opening two clinics and offering training for nurses. Numerous volunteers worked for the Red Cross, and most of the committee's resources were devoted to aiding the suffering (particularly prisoners in Loos, as well as the wounded, the sick, undernourished children, etc.). In April 1942, the Youth Red Cross was formed.\n\nIn the first year of the war, the \"Dames,\" female volunteers trained in healthcare, managed the train station cafeteria reserved for soldiers on leave, while also helping with various other day\\-to\\-day tasks (notable examples include Marie\\-Rose Dalmar and Elisabeth Biarez). They were very active during the occupation and cared for numerous patients.\n\nFirst\\-aid workers were also very active, particularly following the 1942 bombings of Fives and Helemmes. During this period, under the stewardship of Maurice Defives, Lille was the best\\-organized city when it came to first aid, with 260 first\\-aid responders in 1943\\. The job was not without its dangers, however, as demonstrated when four aid workers were gunned down by the [SS](/wiki/Waffen-SS \"Waffen-SS\") in 1944\\.\n\nThe existence of German organizations such as the NSV (Socialist National Assistance, or \"New Society of Vandals\" according to the locals), established in 1940, as well as a group of German nurses known as Schwestern (\"sisters\"), attests to the Nazi Party's desire to show goodwill to the French, with the goal of reconciling their two peoples. However, these organizations ceased operations in early 1941\\.\n\n#### Hospitals\n\nThere were numerous hospitals in Lille, including the Scrive Military Hospital, which mostly cared for prisoners from Loos and victims of torture at the hands of the secret police in La Madeleine. It was completely occupied by the Germans in 1941, and in 1942 entry to the premises was forbidden. There was also Saint\\-Sauveur Hospital, which was originally reserved for civilians until a large influx of soldiers arrived in May 1940\\. The Germans abandoned Saint\\-Sauveur on August 30, 1944, as well as Calmette Hospital, which specialized in pulmonary conditions (particularly tuberculosis), surgery, and care for victims of gas attacks.\n\nIn general, there was a shortage of healthcare workers and medicine, and a surplus of victims and patients.\n\n",
"#### Relief organizations\n\nOn June 4, 1940, the SSBM (Society for Relief to Wounded Soldiers), UFF (Union of French Women), and ADF (Association of French Ladies) merged to form the [French Red Cross](/wiki/French_Red_Cross \"French Red Cross\"). The Committee of the French Red Cross in Lille engaged in a variety of activities, such as opening two clinics and offering training for nurses. Numerous volunteers worked for the Red Cross, and most of the committee's resources were devoted to aiding the suffering (particularly prisoners in Loos, as well as the wounded, the sick, undernourished children, etc.). In April 1942, the Youth Red Cross was formed.\n\nIn the first year of the war, the \"Dames,\" female volunteers trained in healthcare, managed the train station cafeteria reserved for soldiers on leave, while also helping with various other day\\-to\\-day tasks (notable examples include Marie\\-Rose Dalmar and Elisabeth Biarez). They were very active during the occupation and cared for numerous patients.\n\nFirst\\-aid workers were also very active, particularly following the 1942 bombings of Fives and Helemmes. During this period, under the stewardship of Maurice Defives, Lille was the best\\-organized city when it came to first aid, with 260 first\\-aid responders in 1943\\. The job was not without its dangers, however, as demonstrated when four aid workers were gunned down by the [SS](/wiki/Waffen-SS \"Waffen-SS\") in 1944\\.\n\nThe existence of German organizations such as the NSV (Socialist National Assistance, or \"New Society of Vandals\" according to the locals), established in 1940, as well as a group of German nurses known as Schwestern (\"sisters\"), attests to the Nazi Party's desire to show goodwill to the French, with the goal of reconciling their two peoples. However, these organizations ceased operations in early 1941\\.\n\n",
"#### Hospitals\n\nThere were numerous hospitals in Lille, including the Scrive Military Hospital, which mostly cared for prisoners from Loos and victims of torture at the hands of the secret police in La Madeleine. It was completely occupied by the Germans in 1941, and in 1942 entry to the premises was forbidden. There was also Saint\\-Sauveur Hospital, which was originally reserved for civilians until a large influx of soldiers arrived in May 1940\\. The Germans abandoned Saint\\-Sauveur on August 30, 1944, as well as Calmette Hospital, which specialized in pulmonary conditions (particularly tuberculosis), surgery, and care for victims of gas attacks.\n\nIn general, there was a shortage of healthcare workers and medicine, and a surplus of victims and patients.\n\n",
"Passive defense\n---------------\n\nPassive defense comprised the range of measures designed to protect the civilian population from aerial bombings. The prefect of the Nord *département* was responsible for instituting these measures and ensuring they ran smoothly. They consisted of keeping the public informed, maintaining lookouts, concealing light sources, sounding alarms, and organizing shelters and relief efforts.\n\nThe population was kept informed using posters, the press, books, and comics. School curricula also included a 12\\-hour unit on passive defense in [CEP](/wiki/Certificat_d%27%C3%A9tudes_primaires \"Certificat d'études primaires\") classes.\n\nThe surrounding airspace was monitored by lookouts on the roofs of the hospital center(*Cité Hospitalière*), which was under construction at the time. Potential sightings were passed on to the Prefecture, which decided whether or not to sound the alarms. With the start of the German occupation in May 1940, Allied bombers became the focus of airspace monitoring.\n\nFrench authorities, and later the German authorities, greatly emphasized the need to conceal light sources. Allied bombings frequently took place at night so that the planes could avoid being spotted. A German circular issued by General Niehoff on June 25, 1940 called on the city's residents to equip their outward\\-facing windows and other openings with curtains and shutters. The circular also called on residents to decrease the brightness of their lights, for example by using lampshades. It concluded by warning citizens that \"any person in breach of these rules or other ad hoc prescriptions will be fined RM or imprisoned for a period of up to one year.\"\n\nThe city's residents were encouraged to seek refuge in shelters during bombing attacks. The types of shelters varied; trenches, bunkers, former casemates, and cellars were used. Many cellars in Lille were modified to withstand building collapses or prevent entryways from collapsing. Support structures were added, and neighboring cellars were connected to each other. These modifications were also made to the city's former fortifications, including Portes de Béthune, Douai, and Arras.\n\n",
"Repression\n----------\n\nThe OFK 670 regularly issued orders in reaction to strikes or acts of sabotage, or to command the population to comply with a new measure. The German military authority relied on a few different policing forces to maintain order. First there were the military services, the *Feldgendarmerie* (military police) and the GFP (*Geheimefeldpolizei*, or Secret Field Police), which initially handled matters internal to the German army before shifting focus to the resistance. There was also the Sipo\\-SD (commonly known as the Gestapo), the political police for the Nazi party, based in the La Madeleine suburb of Lille. The Gestapo handled all matters of a \"political\" nature (e.g., searching for Gaullists, communists, downed pilots, or agents sent by London). The Jewish population in Lille and the surrounding region also endured repression starting in 1942\\.\n\n### Sanctions against the civilian population\n\nNumerous measures were instituted in order to ban and suppress strikes. On June 3, 1941, General Niehoff outlawed strikes and attempts to encourage strikes, under penalty of \"the German authorities' most severe sanctions.\" On August 23, 1944, an order stated that striking workers were subject to deportation to mines in the [Ruhr](/wiki/Ruhr \"Ruhr\") region and could see their pay suspended or lose their right to unemployment benefits. Two days later, a notice was posted ordering all restaurants and performances to be shut down and all civilians to stay in their homes until striking workers agreed to return to work. Those who did not comply with these orders would be summarily shot.\n\nStarting in 1942, General Niehoff regularly issued orders requiring employees to work on Sundays.\n\nOn occasion, civilians suffered reprisals for acts committed by the Resistance, in instances where the Germans could not find the culprits. Radio receivers were confiscated, hostages were taken, and people were deported, arbitrarily arrested, or at worst, executed. For example, following the sabotage of a railway line on April 1, 1944, eighty\\-six civilians in the village of [Ascq](/wiki/Ascq \"Ascq\") were executed.Étienne Dejongles, *art. cit.*\n\n### Sanctions against political prisoners and resistance fighters\n\nOver the course of the occupation, the Germans arrested people who would later be considered as \"political prisoners.\" The Order of September 19, 1941 stated that \"all political prisoners may be treated as hostages held responsible for lethal attacks by unidentified perpetrators on German soldiers, policemen, and their equivalents. For every German killed, a minimum of five hostages will be executed \\[…].\" As a result, many prisoners were executed at the [Citadel](/wiki/Citadel_of_Lille \"Citadel of Lille\") of Lille, a site that would also see the executions of traitors and collaborators after the Liberation. In total, twenty\\-five were executed by firing squad under the occupation. Notices were posted informing the public about executions of political prisoners, saboteurs, and hostages in response to attacks or acts of sabotage against the German occupiers.\n\nThe OFK 670 issued numerous circulars limiting the freedoms of [Jewish](/wiki/Jews \"Jews\") people. Beginning in July 1941, certain professions were forbidden to Jews, who also saw their radios confiscated and their possessions \"aryanized.\" In the region as a whole, Jews were subject to curfew between 8 pm and 7 am, and a circular issued on November 14, 1941 banned Jews from entering most restaurants, pubs, bars, and cafés. Jewish deportations began in 1942\\. The city's residents were not always indifferent to their plight. Examples include Pastor Nick, Father Stahl, and the German military chaplain Friedrich Gunther, who was gunned down on August 26, 1944 on the steps of the OFK 670 (by one of his former superiors).\n\n### The liberation of Lille\n\nFrom August 19 to 25 1944, elements of the [F.F.I.](/wiki/Forces_fran%C3%A7aises_de_l%27int%C3%A9rieur \"Forces françaises de l'intérieur\") in Paris, aided by [General Leclerc](/wiki/Philippe_de_Hauteclocque \"Philippe de Hauteclocque\")'s [2nd Armored Division](/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_%28France%29 \"2nd Armored Division (France)\"), [liberated the capital](/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris \"Liberation of Paris\"). On September 1, the British front lines were approaching the city of [Arras](/wiki/Arras \"Arras\").\n\nSigns of retreat could be observed as early as August 20\\. German soldiers were attempting to return to Germany, and equipment stored in the Lille barracks, along with heavy tanks, began to be evacuated on September 1 via the Rue Esquermoise in the city center. The [Gestapo](/wiki/Gestapo \"Gestapo\") and the [GFP](/wiki/Geheime_Feldpolizei \"Geheime Feldpolizei\") military police were evacuating their offices on the Rue Tenremonde and the Avenue Saint\\-Maur in La Madeleine. On August 31, the Germans blew up a munitions and fuel reserve depot. Despite this emerging unrest, as of September 1 the OFK 670 was still in operation, as were the tramways and the electricity and water supply services.\n\nOn the night of September 2, police cadets who were also members of the [Resistance](/wiki/French_Resistance \"French Resistance\") liberated the [Citadel](/wiki/Citadel_of_Lille \"Citadel of Lille\"), seizing 100 crates of grenades, 1,800 rifles, and 4 heavy machine guns. By the end of morning that same day, the order was given to withdraw from Lille, and the last of the military staff were in the process of leaving the city. The French Forces of the Interior (FFI) received instructions to occupy city hall, the telephone center, and the Lille Chamber of Commerce, former headquarters of the OFK 670\\. That afternoon, four heavy tanks, isolated and without escort, had been left to guard the rear in the city center and were progressing down the city's main arteries (Rue Nationale, Rue Faidherbe, Rue Artois, and Rue des Postes). A unit of a dozen tanks, escorted by camouflaged cyclists, was evacuated via the Boulevard Victor Hugo while sustaining fire from members of the FFI, who were firing from behind windows in the surrounding homes.Maurice Roland, *art. cit.*\n\nOn September 2, at 6 pm, Lille was largely liberated from the Germans and would be definitively so by the end of morning on September 4 when British tanks and armoured cars rolled through. All told, approximately 50 people were killed and 600 wounded during the liberation.\n\n",
"### Sanctions against the civilian population\n\nNumerous measures were instituted in order to ban and suppress strikes. On June 3, 1941, General Niehoff outlawed strikes and attempts to encourage strikes, under penalty of \"the German authorities' most severe sanctions.\" On August 23, 1944, an order stated that striking workers were subject to deportation to mines in the [Ruhr](/wiki/Ruhr \"Ruhr\") region and could see their pay suspended or lose their right to unemployment benefits. Two days later, a notice was posted ordering all restaurants and performances to be shut down and all civilians to stay in their homes until striking workers agreed to return to work. Those who did not comply with these orders would be summarily shot.\n\nStarting in 1942, General Niehoff regularly issued orders requiring employees to work on Sundays.\n\nOn occasion, civilians suffered reprisals for acts committed by the Resistance, in instances where the Germans could not find the culprits. Radio receivers were confiscated, hostages were taken, and people were deported, arbitrarily arrested, or at worst, executed. For example, following the sabotage of a railway line on April 1, 1944, eighty\\-six civilians in the village of [Ascq](/wiki/Ascq \"Ascq\") were executed.Étienne Dejongles, *art. cit.*\n\n",
"### Sanctions against political prisoners and resistance fighters\n\nOver the course of the occupation, the Germans arrested people who would later be considered as \"political prisoners.\" The Order of September 19, 1941 stated that \"all political prisoners may be treated as hostages held responsible for lethal attacks by unidentified perpetrators on German soldiers, policemen, and their equivalents. For every German killed, a minimum of five hostages will be executed \\[…].\" As a result, many prisoners were executed at the [Citadel](/wiki/Citadel_of_Lille \"Citadel of Lille\") of Lille, a site that would also see the executions of traitors and collaborators after the Liberation. In total, twenty\\-five were executed by firing squad under the occupation. Notices were posted informing the public about executions of political prisoners, saboteurs, and hostages in response to attacks or acts of sabotage against the German occupiers.\n\nThe OFK 670 issued numerous circulars limiting the freedoms of [Jewish](/wiki/Jews \"Jews\") people. Beginning in July 1941, certain professions were forbidden to Jews, who also saw their radios confiscated and their possessions \"aryanized.\" In the region as a whole, Jews were subject to curfew between 8 pm and 7 am, and a circular issued on November 14, 1941 banned Jews from entering most restaurants, pubs, bars, and cafés. Jewish deportations began in 1942\\. The city's residents were not always indifferent to their plight. Examples include Pastor Nick, Father Stahl, and the German military chaplain Friedrich Gunther, who was gunned down on August 26, 1944 on the steps of the OFK 670 (by one of his former superiors).\n\n",
"### The liberation of Lille\n\nFrom August 19 to 25 1944, elements of the [F.F.I.](/wiki/Forces_fran%C3%A7aises_de_l%27int%C3%A9rieur \"Forces françaises de l'intérieur\") in Paris, aided by [General Leclerc](/wiki/Philippe_de_Hauteclocque \"Philippe de Hauteclocque\")'s [2nd Armored Division](/wiki/2nd_Armored_Division_%28France%29 \"2nd Armored Division (France)\"), [liberated the capital](/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris \"Liberation of Paris\"). On September 1, the British front lines were approaching the city of [Arras](/wiki/Arras \"Arras\").\n\nSigns of retreat could be observed as early as August 20\\. German soldiers were attempting to return to Germany, and equipment stored in the Lille barracks, along with heavy tanks, began to be evacuated on September 1 via the Rue Esquermoise in the city center. The [Gestapo](/wiki/Gestapo \"Gestapo\") and the [GFP](/wiki/Geheime_Feldpolizei \"Geheime Feldpolizei\") military police were evacuating their offices on the Rue Tenremonde and the Avenue Saint\\-Maur in La Madeleine. On August 31, the Germans blew up a munitions and fuel reserve depot. Despite this emerging unrest, as of September 1 the OFK 670 was still in operation, as were the tramways and the electricity and water supply services.\n\nOn the night of September 2, police cadets who were also members of the [Resistance](/wiki/French_Resistance \"French Resistance\") liberated the [Citadel](/wiki/Citadel_of_Lille \"Citadel of Lille\"), seizing 100 crates of grenades, 1,800 rifles, and 4 heavy machine guns. By the end of morning that same day, the order was given to withdraw from Lille, and the last of the military staff were in the process of leaving the city. The French Forces of the Interior (FFI) received instructions to occupy city hall, the telephone center, and the Lille Chamber of Commerce, former headquarters of the OFK 670\\. That afternoon, four heavy tanks, isolated and without escort, had been left to guard the rear in the city center and were progressing down the city's main arteries (Rue Nationale, Rue Faidherbe, Rue Artois, and Rue des Postes). A unit of a dozen tanks, escorted by camouflaged cyclists, was evacuated via the Boulevard Victor Hugo while sustaining fire from members of the FFI, who were firing from behind windows in the surrounding homes.Maurice Roland, *art. cit.*\n\nOn September 2, at 6 pm, Lille was largely liberated from the Germans and would be definitively so by the end of morning on September 4 when British tanks and armoured cars rolled through. All told, approximately 50 people were killed and 600 wounded during the liberation.\n\n",
"Collaboration and purges\n------------------------\n\nCollaborationist movements sprang up in the Nord *département* as early as 1940\\. The *Vlaamsch Verbond van Frankrijk* (VVF, Flemish Federation of France), established in 1940, developed a cultural and educational program designed to highlight the close cultural relationship between the [Flemish](/wiki/Flanders \"Flanders\") and the Germans. The goal was to justify the incorporation of Lille into Belgium, with a view to rebuilding \"[Germanic Europe](/wiki/Pan-Germanism \"Pan-Germanism\").\"\n\nOther collaborationist movements were sub\\-sections of national political parties.\n\nThe [Francist Party](/wiki/Mouvement_Franciste \"Mouvement Franciste\"), founded by [Marcel Bucard](/wiki/Marcel_Bucard \"Marcel Bucard\") in 1933, was approved by the OFK 670 on October 27, 1941\\. Its operations focused on distributing pamphlets. The party also attempted grandiose and destructive measures against symbols of the Republic, but gradually lost steam over the course of the occupation.\n\nThe [Parti Populaire Français](/wiki/Parti_populaire_fran%C3%A7ais \"Parti populaire français\") (PPF), founded by [Jacques Doriot](/wiki/Jacques_Doriot \"Jacques Doriot\") in 1936, was approved by the OFK 670 in December 1941\\. As of 1942, its operations could mainly be characterized as anticommunist and \"maréchaliste\" (in reference to the cult of personality surrounding Marshall Pétain). The PPF regularly lacked money and activists, and was criticized for recruiting members with lengthy criminal records.\n\nThe [Milice française](/wiki/Milice_fran%C3%A7aise \"Milice française\"), established by the Vichy government in 1943, was approved by Brussels on March 19, 1944\\. It quickly came into conflict with the other collaborationist movements (the Francist Party, the PPF, and the VVF). There were around thirty militiamen in Lille, who carried out arrests and identity checks and participated actively in the black market.\n\nThus, while some collaborationist movements did develop in the region, they attracted very few members, and their activities remained limited. This was possibly due to the population's fears of annexation to Germany, as well as to the traditional patriotism that characterized the Nord *département*.\n\nLegal and extralegal crackdowns on collaborationists were relatively restrained. They were carried out by sub\\-sections of the Court of Justice operating under the authority of the [Douai Court of Appeals](/wiki/Court_of_appeal_%28France%29 \"Court of appeal (France)\"), as well as by military tribunals. In all, 3,999 people were punished, 307 of whom were sentenced to death. The proportion of people condemned to death as compared to the total number of people given sentences was the lowest in France. Military collaboration was punished more so than political collaboration. In addition, the majority of those executed were blue\\-collar laborers (60%), while only 10\\.5% were soldiers or police officers. Other punishments included imprisonment, confiscation of property, and fines. Once again, most of those affected were laborers rather than white\\-collar workers, who were more easily able to obtain acquittals.\n\nThe reason so many victims of the [purges](/wiki/%C3%89puration_l%C3%A9gale \"Épuration légale\") came from poor backgrounds stems from the fact that a disproportionate number of collaborators were themselves of humble origin. Indeed, unemployment, poverty, and undernourishment tended to encourage collaboration. Youths also made up a large portion of those targeted by the purges, given that they accounted for around 37% of those implicated in acts of military collaboration.\n\nOne hundred and fifty\\-six people in the *département* endured extralegal crackdowns. These kinds of reprisals were already occurring as early as 1941, before the [Liberation](/wiki/Liberation_of_France \"Liberation of France\"), mostly in urban areas such as Lille. Indeed, collaboration in the Nord *département* mainly took place in urban areas. Reprisals against collaborators mostly amounted to combat actions rather than acts of personal vengeance.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [German\\-occupied France](/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II \"German military administration in occupied France during World War II\")\n* [Liberation of France](/wiki/Liberation_of_France \"Liberation of France\")\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Video of damage after bombing attacks against Lille](http://www.ina.fr/histoire-et-conflits/seconde-guerre-mondiale/video/AFE86002651/bombardement-de-lille.fr.html), hosted on the INA website (video made by [Vichy regime](/wiki/Vichy_regime \"Vichy regime\")).\n\n[Category:French Resistance](/wiki/Category:French_Resistance \"French Resistance\")\n[Category:German occupation of France during World War II](/wiki/Category:German_occupation_of_France_during_World_War_II \"German occupation of France during World War II\")\n[Category:History of Hauts\\-de\\-France](/wiki/Category:History_of_Hauts-de-France \"History of Hauts-de-France\")\n\n"
]
}
|
FC SKA-Lotto Odesa
|
{
"id": [
3138265
],
"name": [
"WOSlinker"
]
}
|
007a04j3063hioonwd3yw9zc9zc3tc2
|
2024-08-04T21:07:08Z
| 1,133,950,035 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"League and cup history",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**FC SKA\\-Lotto Odesa** was a [Ukrainian](/wiki/Ukraine \"Ukraine\") football club from [Odesa](/wiki/Odesa \"Odesa\"), [Odesa Oblast](/wiki/Odesa_Oblast \"Odesa Oblast\").\n\n",
"League and cup history\n----------------------\n\n{\\|class\\=\"wikitable\"\n! Season\n! Div.\n! Pos.\n! Pl.\n! W\n! D\n! L\n! GS\n! GA\n! P\n![Domestic Cup](/wiki/Ukrainian_Cup \"Ukrainian Cup\")\n!colspan\\=2\\|Europe\n!Notes\n\\|}\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [FC SKA\\-Lotto Odesa](http://www.allplayers.in.ua/en/club_record/1954) on allplayers.in.ua\n\n[Category:Defunct football clubs in Ukraine](/wiki/Category:Defunct_football_clubs_in_Ukraine \"Defunct football clubs in Ukraine\")\n[Category:Football clubs in Odesa](/wiki/Category:Football_clubs_in_Odesa \"Football clubs in Odesa\")\n[Category:Association football clubs established in 1995](/wiki/Category:Association_football_clubs_established_in_1995 \"Association football clubs established in 1995\")\n[Category:Association football clubs disestablished in 1998](/wiki/Category:Association_football_clubs_disestablished_in_1998 \"Association football clubs disestablished in 1998\")\n[Category:1995 establishments in Ukraine](/wiki/Category:1995_establishments_in_Ukraine \"1995 establishments in Ukraine\")\n[Category:1998 disestablishments in Ukraine](/wiki/Category:1998_disestablishments_in_Ukraine \"1998 disestablishments in Ukraine\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Jewish catacombs of Venosa
|
{
"id": [
47205554
],
"name": [
"Mariamnei"
]
}
|
rgo4fh86e3q0zxy3km225nhufv2yuag
|
2024-05-16T10:42:41Z
| 1,201,917,046 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Description",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Jewish Catacombs of Venosa** are a set of [catacombs](/wiki/Catacombs \"Catacombs\") located near the Italian city of [Venosa](/wiki/Venosa \"Venosa\"), [Province of Potenza](/wiki/Province_of_Potenza \"Province of Potenza\"), on Maddelena Hill. \n\n",
"Description\n-----------\n\nThe exact date of construction for the catacombs is unknown, but it seems likely that they were built and used between the . \n\nThey were discovered in 1853 and became the subject of systematic study only from 1974 onwards.\n\nThe structure of the catacombs is simple, with two parallel tunnels connected by passages.\n\nIn total, the catacombs have yielded about seventy epigraphs, one of which is dated precisely to 521 AD. Most of the names listed in the catacombs reflect the tendency of [Jewish diaspora](/wiki/Jewish_diaspora \"Jewish diaspora\") to take [Greek](/wiki/Greek_language \"Greek language\") or [Latin](/wiki/Latin \"Latin\") names as opposed to names in [Hebrew](/wiki/Hebrew \"Hebrew\"), with only a small minority of the people buried there having names reflecting a Hebrew [etymology](/wiki/Etymology \"Etymology\"). The earliest writing in the catacombs is usually in [Koine Greek](/wiki/Koine_Greek \"Koine Greek\"), with Latin existing in the newer and deeper sections of the catacombs. There is more Hebrew text in these catacombs than in the better known Jewish [catacombs of Rome](/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome \"Catacombs of Rome\"). Religious [iconography](/wiki/Iconography \"Iconography\"), such as the [menorah](/wiki/Menorah_%28Temple%29 \"Menorah (Temple)\"), can be seen in the catacombs.\n\nOne inscription, possibly from the 5th century, commemorates Faustina daughter of Faustinus, a 14\\-year\\-old who died at the age of 14 and 5 months. She was eulogized by two emissaries (*apostvli*) and two rabbis (*rebbites*). It is possible that they were sent by the [Nasi](/wiki/Nasi_%28Hebrew_title%29 \"Nasi (Hebrew title)\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Buildings and structures in the Province of Potenza](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_the_Province_of_Potenza \"Buildings and structures in the Province of Potenza\")\n[Category:Burials in Basilicata](/wiki/Category:Burials_in_Basilicata \"Burials in Basilicata\")\n[Category:Jewish catacombs](/wiki/Category:Jewish_catacombs \"Jewish catacombs\")\n[Category:Jewish cemeteries](/wiki/Category:Jewish_cemeteries \"Jewish cemeteries\")\n[Category:Jewish Italian history](/wiki/Category:Jewish_Italian_history \"Jewish Italian history\")\n[Category:Year of establishment missing](/wiki/Category:Year_of_establishment_missing \"Year of establishment missing\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Erik Johan Sæbø
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
1lfc740ttfu00ira1bbsj9t5h122kc7
|
2023-05-23T16:27:56Z
| 1,087,935,317 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Erik Johan Sæbø** (born 14 December 1964\\) is a Norwegian former professional [racing cyclist](/wiki/Cycle_sport \"Cycle sport\"). He won the [Norwegian National Road Race Championship](/wiki/Norwegian_National_Road_Race_Championships \"Norwegian National Road Race Championships\") in 1988\\. He also competed in the [road race](/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_road_race \"Cycling at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's road race\") at the [1988 Summer Olympics](/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics \"1988 Summer Olympics\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1964 births](/wiki/Category:1964_births \"1964 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Norwegian male cyclists](/wiki/Category:Norwegian_male_cyclists \"Norwegian male cyclists\")\n[Category:People from Sandnes](/wiki/Category:People_from_Sandnes \"People from Sandnes\")\n[Category:Cyclists at the 1988 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Cyclists_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics \"Cyclists at the 1988 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Olympic cyclists for Norway](/wiki/Category:Olympic_cyclists_for_Norway \"Olympic cyclists for Norway\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Rogaland](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Rogaland \"Sportspeople from Rogaland\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Abbeydale miniature railway
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
en4rzrodrkdhlzpr3bdky64czdnpvok
|
2024-06-15T21:47:39Z
| 1,146,280,168 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|A train at Abbeydale miniature railway.](/wiki/File:Lord_mayor_at_Abbeydale_Miniature_Railway.jpg \"Lord mayor at Abbeydale Miniature Railway.jpg\")\n\nThe **Abbeydale miniature railway** is a railway run by the Sheffield \\& District Society of Model \\& Experimental Engineers Ltd. in [Ecclesall Woods](/wiki/Ecclesall_Woods \"Ecclesall Woods\") in south\\-west [Sheffield](/wiki/Sheffield \"Sheffield\"), [South Yorkshire](/wiki/South_Yorkshire \"South Yorkshire\"), England. The railway has two sections: a dual gauge ground level section with gauges of and . There is also a smaller multigauge raised section that has gauges of , and .\n\nThe society owns several locomotives with a tinkerbell type steam locomotive named 'Septimus' and a diesel locomotive named 'Edward' on the ground level. There are also two electric locomotives named 'Merlin' and 'Vulcan' also owned by the society for use on the raised track. The society also runs a garden railway that operates trains on and gauge track this is known as the 'Ecclesall Woods Light Railway'.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of ridable miniature railways](/wiki/List_of_ridable_miniature_railways \"List of ridable miniature railways\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Rail transport modelling associations](/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_modelling_associations \"Rail transport modelling associations\")\n[Category:7¼ in gauge railways](/wiki/Category:7%C2%BC_in_gauge_railways \"7¼ in gauge railways\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Stephen Ostroff
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
f2oa7utxrr1jerf9v9apmts3tle7j3o
|
2024-10-17T13:56:02Z
| 1,144,949,415 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Stephen Ostroff** is an American physician. He served as acting commissioner of the [U.S. Food and Drug Administration](/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration \"Food and Drug Administration\") from April 1, 2015, to February 21, 2016\\.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nOstroff is a 1981 graduate of the [University of Pennsylvania](/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania \"University of Pennsylvania\") of Medicine. He completed residencies in [internal medicine](/wiki/Internal_medicine \"Internal medicine\") at the [University of Colorado Health Sciences Center](/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Health_Sciences_Center \"University of Colorado Health Sciences Center\") and in preventive medicine at [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention \"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\") (CDC). He worked at the CDC, the [US Public Health Service](/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service \"United States Public Health Service\"), and at the Bureau of Epidemiology of Pennsylvania. In 2013, Ostroff joined the FDA as chief medical officer in the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition and senior public health advisor to FDA's Office of Foods and Veterinary Medicine and was promoted to chief scientist in 2014\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:20th\\-century American physicians](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_physicians \"20th-century American physicians\")\n[Category:21st\\-century American physicians](/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_physicians \"21st-century American physicians\")\n[Category:Commissioners of the Food and Drug Administration](/wiki/Category:Commissioners_of_the_Food_and_Drug_Administration \"Commissioners of the Food and Drug Administration\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Obama administration personnel](/wiki/Category:Obama_administration_personnel \"Obama administration personnel\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Trump administration personnel](/wiki/Category:Trump_administration_personnel \"Trump administration personnel\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Pluralsight
|
{
"id": [
321557
],
"name": [
"Brandon"
]
}
|
dtm5baora5go4avkeh5p8dpsf76cpvb
|
2024-10-01T08:23:34Z
| 1,247,885,311 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Business model",
"Venture funding",
"Acquisitions",
"Partnerships and community involvement",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Pluralsight, LLC** is an American privately held [online education](/wiki/Online_education \"Online education\") company that offers a variety of video training courses for [software developers](/wiki/Software_developers \"Software developers\"), [IT administrators](/wiki/Information_technology \"Information technology\"), and [creative professionals](/wiki/Creative_professional \"Creative professional\") through its website. Founded in 2004 by [Aaron Skonnard](/wiki/Aaron_Skonnard \"Aaron Skonnard\"), , Fritz Onion, and Bill Williams, the company has its headquarters in [Draper, Utah](/wiki/Draper%2C_Utah \"Draper, Utah\"). , it uses more than 1,400 [subject\\-matter experts](/wiki/Subject-matter_expert \"Subject-matter expert\") as authors, and offers more than 7,000 courses in its catalog. Since first moving its courses online in 2007, the company has expanded, developing a full enterprise platform, and adding skills assessment modules.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n[thumb\\|250px\\|Former Pluralsight headquarters in Farmington, Utah](/wiki/File:Pluralsight_Headquarters.jpg \"Pluralsight Headquarters.jpg\")\nPluralsight was founded in 2004 as a classroom training company that involved sending an instructor to a business or training event. By 2007, the company shifted its emphasis to online video training.\n\nIn April 2018, Pluralsight filed for an [initial public offering](/wiki/Initial_public_offering \"Initial public offering\"). On May 17, 2018, the company opened on the [NASDAQ](/wiki/NASDAQ \"NASDAQ\") exchange at a $15 share price, and closed its first day of trading at $20\\.\n\nIn 2020, Pluralsight had 18,000 corporate clients which includes 70% of [Fortune 500](/wiki/Fortune_500 \"Fortune 500\") companies.\n\nIn December 2020, Pluralsight announced it would be acquired by private equity firm [Vista Equity Partners](/wiki/Vista_Equity_Partners \"Vista Equity Partners\") for $3\\.5 billion. Regulatory approval is expected in the first half of 2021, and Pluralsight would no longer be publicly traded.\n\nIn April 2021, Vista Equity Partners successfully completed its acquisition of Pluralsight for $22\\.50 per share.\n\nIn May 2024, Vista Equity Partners announced they had written off the entire value of Pluralsight.\n\n",
"Business model\n--------------\n\nThrough a [subscription business model](/wiki/Subscription_business_model \"Subscription business model\"), Pluralsight provides online professional tech training to individual and business customers. The company pays its course authors a [royalty](/wiki/Royalties \"Royalties\"), based on how often their videos are viewed. In 2013, author Scott Allen became the first of its authors to earn over $1 million in royalties from his courses.\n\nThe company also offers a complete [SaaS](/wiki/Software_as_a_service \"Software as a service\") platform for its enterprise users.\n\nPluralsight was reportedly working with roughly 40% of [Fortune 500](/wiki/Fortune_500 \"Fortune 500\") companies in 2017 and with 70% by 2019\\. That year, business\\-to\\-business sales accounted for 86% of the company's billings.\n\nIn 2017, the company announced its participation in the Pledge 1% movement—a global initiative to encourage [corporate philanthropy](/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility \"Corporate social responsibility\") by asking companies to commit 1% of their efforts towards nonprofit organizations. The company launched Pluralsight One in September 2017, with the goal of improving technology education in the nonprofit sector.\n\n",
"Venture funding\n---------------\n\nWhen Pluralsight first started, its four founders each contributed $5,000\\. For the first nine years, the company and its founders received no outside funding.\n\nIn December 2012, the company raised $27\\.5 million in [Series A funding](/wiki/Series_A_round \"Series A round\") from [Insight Venture Partners](/wiki/Insight_Venture_Partners \"Insight Venture Partners\"). On March 18, 2014, it received an additional $2\\.5 million in Series A Funding. On August 27, 2014, it received $135 million in [Series B funding](/wiki/Series_B_funding \"Series B funding\") from Insight Venture Partners, [ICONIQ Capital](/wiki/ICONIQ_Capital \"ICONIQ Capital\"), and Sorenson Capital—reported at the time to be the largest venture funding round ever received by a Utah company. Co\\-founder and CEO Aaron Skonnard stated that after this round of funding, the company's [valuation](/wiki/Valuation_%28finance%29 \"Valuation (finance)\") had increased from less than $100 million in 2012 to nearly $1 billion.\n\nIn December 2016, the company raised an additional $30 million in a Series C round that valued the company over $1 billion. The round included funding from existing investors Insight Venture Partners and Iconiq Capital.\n\n",
"Acquisitions\n------------\n\nFor most of its history, Pluralsight grew its author base and course catalog from within. Starting in 2013, it has acquired a number of e\\-learning and education companies to bolster its technology, course offerings, and executive leadership.\n\nOn July 24, 2013, it acquired PeepCode, a provider of [open source](/wiki/Open_source \"Open source\") training to developers, for an undisclosed amount. This added about 100 new courses in the Open Source category to Pluralsight's course catalog, expanding it beyond its traditional realm of offerings focused mainly on developers who worked on [Microsoft](/wiki/Microsoft \"Microsoft\") technologies. On August 5, it acquired [Chicago](/wiki/Chicago \"Chicago\")\\-based TrainSignal, a company providing training for [Information technology](/wiki/Information_technology \"Information technology\") personnel, for $23\\.6 million. It absorbed 35 TrainSignal employees, and maintained its office in Chicago as a satellite. On October 31, Pluralsight acquired Tekpub, producer of a series of [screencasts](/wiki/Screencast \"Screencast\") on new development technologies, for an undisclosed amount. Co\\-founder Rob Conery joined Pluralsight, and continues to produce training videos under its brand. Other authors from Tekpub, including Jon Skeet and Scott Hanselman, also became Pluralsight authors.\n\nOn April 9, 2014, Pluralsight announced it acquired Digital\\-Tutors, a company providing training for creative professionals, for $45 million. This acquisition expanded the company's training catalog to more than 3000 titles, broadening its topic coverage to media and design. Approximately 30 employees from Digital\\-Tutors joined Pluralsight. Pluralsight maintained the former Digital\\-Tutors headquarters in [Oklahoma City](/wiki/Oklahoma_City \"Oklahoma City\") as a satellite office. On November 19, Pluralsight announced it had acquired Smarterer, an online skills assessment platform, for $75 million. Based in [Boston](/wiki/Boston \"Boston\"), Smarterer was founded in 2010 and was backed by [Google Ventures](/wiki/Google_Ventures \"Google Ventures\"), among others. Smarterer founder and CEO Dave Balter stated that his entire 18\\-person staff would remain with the company.\n\nOn January 26, 2015, Pluralsight announced its acquisition of [Orlando](/wiki/Orlando%2C_Florida \"Orlando, Florida\")\\-based Code School, an online training site offering video courses and exercise\\-based lessons related to entry\\-level and intermediate coding and programming. It was reported that the acquisition was for $36 million. Code School's office, and its team of 39 full\\-time employees, remain open in Orlando. On July 9, Pluralsight announced its acquisition of [HackHands](/wiki/HackHands \"HackHands\") for an undisclosed amount. Founded in 2013, San Francisco\\-based HackHands provides on\\-demand live assistance for technology learners via video and audio chat, instant messaging, and screen sharing. The HackHands acquisition marked Pluralsight's seventh deal in two years.\n\nOn July 19, 2016, Pluralsight announced it had acquired Train Simple, a video training company with a focus on [Adobe software](/wiki/List_of_Adobe_software \"List of Adobe software\").\n\nOn May 1, 2019, Pluralsight announced its acquisition of GitPrime, a developer team productivity tool, for $170 million in cash.\n\nOn October 14, 2020, Pluralsight acquired DevelopIntelligence. This acquisition added the ability to deliver Instructor\\-led training.\n\nOn January 12, 2021, Pluralsight announced the acquisition of Next Tech, a San Diego, California provider of cloud\\-based computing environments, enabling the authoring and hosting of labs in software development, data science, and machine learning for an undisclosed amount.\n\nOn June 2, 2021, Pluralsight announced the acquisition of [A Cloud Guru](/wiki/A_Cloud_Guru \"A Cloud Guru\"), an Austin, Texas provider of an interactive, online learning platform designed to help IT professionals re\\-skill in cloud technology. The transaction was closed on July 8, 2021\\.\n\n",
"Partnerships and community involvement\n--------------------------------------\n\nIn October 2012, [Microsoft](/wiki/Microsoft \"Microsoft\") and Pluralsight announced a partnership making Pluralsight courses available to [MSDN](/wiki/MSDN \"MSDN\") subscribers and through its [DreamSpark](/wiki/DreamSpark \"DreamSpark\"), [BizSpark](/wiki/BizSpark \"BizSpark\"), WebsiteSpark, and Engineer Excellence programs. The customized \"Pluralsight Starter Subscription\" consisted of several [Visual Studio 2012](/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio \"Microsoft Visual Studio\") courses. In November 2014, the two companies partnered again, giving MSDN subscribers a 12\\-month access to a selection of Pluralsight's courses.\n\nIn May 2013, Pluralsight launched a free programming [coding bootcamp](/wiki/Coding_Bootcamp \"Coding Bootcamp\") for kids ages 10 and up to help teach coding in school.\n\nIn 2014, Pluralsight partnered with the state of Utah's Office of Economic Development to offer Utah K–12 teachers a free one\\-year subscription to their training library. Utah Governor [Gary Herbert](/wiki/Gary_Herbert \"Gary Herbert\") valued the donation between $5 million and $10 million.\n\nPluralsight also partnered with [LaunchCode](/wiki/LaunchCode \"LaunchCode\") in November 2014 to help candidates secure jobs in technology by offering one year of free access to the Pluralsight course library. In December 2014, the company supported the \"[Hour of Code](/wiki/Code.org%23Hour_of_Code_challenge \"Code.org#Hour of Code challenge\")\" movement by hosting an hour of code for a week. More than 200 students across the state participated.\n\nIn 2017, Pluralsight announced partnerships with Microsoft, [Adobe](/wiki/Adobe_Systems \"Adobe Systems\"), and [Oracle](/wiki/Oracle_Corporation \"Oracle Corporation\"), to expand their offerings and course availability.\n\nIn September 2017, during a panel discussion with [Ivanka Trump](/wiki/Ivanka_Trump \"Ivanka Trump\") about increasing access to [STEM](/wiki/Science%2C_technology%2C_engineering%2C_and_mathematics \"Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics\")\\-related programs in public schools, Pluralsight pledged $10 million as part of a [private\\-sector](/wiki/Private_sector \"Private sector\") contribution reaching over $300 million. Other participants include [Amazon](/wiki/Amazon_%28company%29 \"Amazon (company)\"), [Google](/wiki/Google \"Google\"), [General Motors](/wiki/General_Motors \"General Motors\"), and [Facebook](/wiki/Facebook \"Facebook\").\n\nIn 2017, Google announced, in association with Pluralsight, 100,000 scholarships to help developers gain access to advanced learning curriculum in emerging technologies, including mobile and web development, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and cloud platforms in [India](/wiki/India \"India\").\n\nIn 2020, Pluralsight partnered with Google and [Andela](/wiki/Andela \"Andela\") for a developer skills program available to all countries in Africa. The program, Google Africa Developer Scholarship, offers all participants free access to Pluralsight's training courses.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Educational technology companies of the United States](/wiki/Category:Educational_technology_companies_of_the_United_States \"Educational technology companies of the United States\")\n[Category:Virtual learning environments](/wiki/Category:Virtual_learning_environments \"Virtual learning environments\")\n[Category:Education companies established in 2004](/wiki/Category:Education_companies_established_in_2004 \"Education companies established in 2004\")\n[Category:Software companies established in 2004](/wiki/Category:Software_companies_established_in_2004 \"Software companies established in 2004\")\n[Category:Internet properties established in 2004](/wiki/Category:Internet_properties_established_in_2004 \"Internet properties established in 2004\")\n[Category:American companies established in 2004](/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_2004 \"American companies established in 2004\")\n[Category:Software companies based in Utah](/wiki/Category:Software_companies_based_in_Utah \"Software companies based in Utah\")\n[Category:Companies based in Davis County, Utah](/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Davis_County%2C_Utah \"Companies based in Davis County, Utah\")\n[Category:Farmington, Utah](/wiki/Category:Farmington%2C_Utah \"Farmington, Utah\")\n[Category:2004 establishments in Utah](/wiki/Category:2004_establishments_in_Utah \"2004 establishments in Utah\")\n[Category:2018 initial public offerings](/wiki/Category:2018_initial_public_offerings \"2018 initial public offerings\")\n[Category:2021 mergers and acquisitions](/wiki/Category:2021_mergers_and_acquisitions \"2021 mergers and acquisitions\")\n[Category:Private equity portfolio companies](/wiki/Category:Private_equity_portfolio_companies \"Private equity portfolio companies\")\n[Category:American educational websites](/wiki/Category:American_educational_websites \"American educational websites\")\n[Category:Software companies of the United States](/wiki/Category:Software_companies_of_the_United_States \"Software companies of the United States\")\n[Category:Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq](/wiki/Category:Companies_formerly_listed_on_the_Nasdaq \"Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq\")\n\n"
]
}
|
2015 Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Trials
|
{
"id": [
26201
],
"name": [
"Earl Andrew"
]
}
|
nkka4qzr1tupi6okbbi6u4ezxulgimp
|
2023-12-23T17:29:06Z
| 1,186,438,151 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Teams",
"Provincial and Territorial champions",
"Open entries",
"Round-robin standings",
"Playoffs",
"Round of 12",
"Quarterfinals",
"Semifinals",
"Final",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThe **2015 [Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Trials](/wiki/Canadian_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Trials \"Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Trials\")** were held from March 11 to 15 at the [Ottawa Hunt and Golf Club](/wiki/Ottawa_Hunt_and_Golf_Club \"Ottawa Hunt and Golf Club\") in [Ottawa](/wiki/Ottawa \"Ottawa\"), [Ontario](/wiki/Ontario \"Ontario\"). The winning team of [Charley Thomas](/wiki/Charley_Thomas \"Charley Thomas\") and [Kalynn Park](/wiki/Kalynn_Park \"Kalynn Park\") will represent Canada at the [2015 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship](/wiki/2015_World_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship \"2015 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship\").\n\n",
"Teams\n-----\n\nTwelve teams qualified through provincial and territorial championships, and the rest will be participating as open entries. The teams are listed as follows:\n\n### Provincial and Territorial champions\n\n| Province / Territory | Male | Female | Club |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | [Matt Yeo](/wiki/Matt_Yeo \"Matt Yeo\") | [Brigitte Yeo](/wiki/Brigitte_Yeo \"Brigitte Yeo\") | Avonair Curling Club |\n| | [Tyler Tardi](/wiki/Tyler_Tardi \"Tyler Tardi\") | [Dezaray Hawes](/wiki/Dezaray_Hawes \"Dezaray Hawes\") | [Langley Curling Club](/wiki/Langley_Curling_Club \"Langley Curling Club\") [Royal City Curling Club](/wiki/Royal_City_Curling_Club \"Royal City Curling Club\") |\n| | [Ray Baker](/wiki/Ray_Baker_%28curler%29 \"Ray Baker (curler)\") | [Lisa Menard](/wiki/Lisa_Menard \"Lisa Menard\") | [Dauphin Curling Club](/wiki/Dauphin_Curling_Club \"Dauphin Curling Club\") |\n| | [Chris Jeffrey](/wiki/Chris_Jeffrey \"Chris Jeffrey\") | [Katie Forward](/wiki/Katie_Forward \"Katie Forward\") | [Capital Winter Club](/wiki/Capital_Winter_Club \"Capital Winter Club\") |\n| | [Mark Flynn](/wiki/Mark_Flynn \"Mark Flynn\") | [Courtney Barnhill](/wiki/Courtney_Barnhill \"Courtney Barnhill\") | [St. John's Curling Club](/wiki/St._John%27s_Curling_Club \"St. John's Curling Club\") |\n| | [Jordan Potts](/wiki/Jordan_Potts \"Jordan Potts\") | [Sarah Potts](/wiki/Sarah_Potts_%28curler%29 \"Sarah Potts (curler)\") | [Port Arthur Curling Club](/wiki/Port_Arthur_Curling_Club \"Port Arthur Curling Club\") |\n| | [Matthew Miller](/wiki/Matthew_Miller_%28curler%29 \"Matthew Miller (curler)\") | [Maureen Miller](/wiki/Maureen_Miller \"Maureen Miller\") | [Inuvik Curling Club](/wiki/Inuvik_Curling_Club \"Inuvik Curling Club\") |\n| | [Tony Moore](/wiki/Tony_Moore_%28curler%29 \"Tony Moore (curler)\") | [Sheena Moore](/wiki/Sheena_Moore_%28curler%29 \"Sheena Moore (curler)\") | [Lakeshore Curling Club](/wiki/Lakeshore_Curling_Club \"Lakeshore Curling Club\") |\n| | [Brad Kidd](/wiki/Brad_Kidd \"Brad Kidd\") | [Casey Kidd](/wiki/Casey_Kidd \"Casey Kidd\") | [Peterborough Curling Club](/wiki/Peterborough_Curling_Club \"Peterborough Curling Club\") |\n| | [Kyle Holland](/wiki/Kyle_Holland \"Kyle Holland\") | [Katie Fullerton](/wiki/Katie_Fullerton \"Katie Fullerton\") | [Charlottetown Curling Complex](/wiki/Charlottetown_Curling_Complex \"Charlottetown Curling Complex\")[Cornwall Curling Club](/wiki/Cornwall_Curling_Club \"Cornwall Curling Club\") |\n| | [Michel Briand](/wiki/Michel_Briand_%28curler%29 \"Michel Briand (curler)\") | [Geneviève Frappier](/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Frappier \"Geneviève Frappier\") | [Club de curling Longue Pointe](/wiki/Club_de_curling_Longue_Pointe \"Club de curling Longue Pointe\") |\n| | [Shawn Joyce](/wiki/Shawn_Joyce \"Shawn Joyce\") | [Sherry Just](/wiki/Sherry_Just \"Sherry Just\") | [Nutana Curling Club](/wiki/Nutana_Curling_Club \"Nutana Curling Club\") |\n| | [Bob Smallwood](/wiki/Bob_Smallwood \"Bob Smallwood\") | [Jody Smallwood](/wiki/Jody_Smallwood \"Jody Smallwood\") | Whitehorse Curling Club |\n\n### Open entries\n\n| Province / Territory | Male | Female |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | [Glenn Howard](/wiki/Glenn_Howard \"Glenn Howard\") | [Carly Howard](/wiki/Carly_Howard \"Carly Howard\") |\n| | [Adam Casey](/wiki/Adam_Casey_%28curler%29 \"Adam Casey (curler)\") | [Marie Christianson](/wiki/Marie_Christianson \"Marie Christianson\") |\n| | [Patrick Janssen](/wiki/Patrick_Janssen \"Patrick Janssen\") | [Clancy Grandy](/wiki/Clancy_Grandy \"Clancy Grandy\") |\n| | [Mark Kean](/wiki/Mark_Kean \"Mark Kean\") | [Mallory Kean](/wiki/Mallory_Kean \"Mallory Kean\") |\n| | [David Mathers](/wiki/David_Mathers_%28curler%29 \"David Mathers (curler)\") | [Lynn Kreviazuk](/wiki/Lynn_Kreviazuk \"Lynn Kreviazuk\") |\n| | [Don Bowser](/wiki/Don_Bowser \"Don Bowser\") | [Lauren Mann](/wiki/Lauren_Mann \"Lauren Mann\") |\n| | [Tyler Stewart](/wiki/Tyler_Stewart_%28curler%29 \"Tyler Stewart (curler)\") | [Nicole Westlund](/wiki/Nicole_Westlund \"Nicole Westlund\") |\n| | [Robbie Doherty](/wiki/Robbie_Doherty \"Robbie Doherty\") | [Patricia Wallingham](/wiki/Patty_Wallingham \"Patty Wallingham\") |\n| | [Daniel Grant](/wiki/Daniel_Grant_%28curler%29 \"Daniel Grant (curler)\") | [Kate Cameron](/wiki/Kate_Cameron_%28curler%29 \"Kate Cameron (curler)\") |\n| | Hugh Murphy | [Janet Murphy](/wiki/Janet_Murphy \"Janet Murphy\") |\n| | [Scott Brandon](/wiki/Scott_Brandon_%28curler%29 \"Scott Brandon (curler)\") | [Katelyn Wasylkiw](/wiki/Katelyn_Wasylkiw \"Katelyn Wasylkiw\") |\n| | [Mike Anderson](/wiki/Mike_Anderson_%28curler%29 \"Mike Anderson (curler)\") | [Danielle Inglis](/wiki/Danielle_Inglis \"Danielle Inglis\") |\n| | [Dustin Kalthoff](/wiki/Dustin_Kalthoff \"Dustin Kalthoff\") | [Nancy Martin](/wiki/Nancy_Martin \"Nancy Martin\") |\n| | [Bowie Abbis\\-Mills](/wiki/Bowie_Abbis-Mills \"Bowie Abbis-Mills\") | [Tess Bobbie](/wiki/Tess_Bobbie \"Tess Bobbie\") |\n| | [Brett DeKoning](/wiki/Brett_DeKoning \"Brett DeKoning\") | [Robyn Murphy](/wiki/Robyn_Murphy \"Robyn Murphy\") |\n| | [Scott McDonald](/wiki/Scott_McDonald_%28curler%29 \"Scott McDonald (curler)\") | [Caitlin Romain](/wiki/Caitlin_Romain \"Caitlin Romain\") |\n| | [Wayne Tuck, Jr.](/wiki/Wayne_Tuck%2C_Jr. \"Wayne Tuck, Jr.\") | [Kim Tuck](/wiki/Kim_Tuck \"Kim Tuck\") |\n| | [Charley Thomas](/wiki/Charley_Thomas \"Charley Thomas\") | [Kalynn Park](/wiki/Kalynn_Park \"Kalynn Park\") |\n| | [Mike Armstrong](/wiki/Mike_Armstrong_%28curler%29 \"Mike Armstrong (curler)\") | [Ashley Quick](/wiki/Ashley_Quick \"Ashley Quick\") |\n\n",
"### Provincial and Territorial champions\n\n| Province / Territory | Male | Female | Club |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | [Matt Yeo](/wiki/Matt_Yeo \"Matt Yeo\") | [Brigitte Yeo](/wiki/Brigitte_Yeo \"Brigitte Yeo\") | Avonair Curling Club |\n| | [Tyler Tardi](/wiki/Tyler_Tardi \"Tyler Tardi\") | [Dezaray Hawes](/wiki/Dezaray_Hawes \"Dezaray Hawes\") | [Langley Curling Club](/wiki/Langley_Curling_Club \"Langley Curling Club\") [Royal City Curling Club](/wiki/Royal_City_Curling_Club \"Royal City Curling Club\") |\n| | [Ray Baker](/wiki/Ray_Baker_%28curler%29 \"Ray Baker (curler)\") | [Lisa Menard](/wiki/Lisa_Menard \"Lisa Menard\") | [Dauphin Curling Club](/wiki/Dauphin_Curling_Club \"Dauphin Curling Club\") |\n| | [Chris Jeffrey](/wiki/Chris_Jeffrey \"Chris Jeffrey\") | [Katie Forward](/wiki/Katie_Forward \"Katie Forward\") | [Capital Winter Club](/wiki/Capital_Winter_Club \"Capital Winter Club\") |\n| | [Mark Flynn](/wiki/Mark_Flynn \"Mark Flynn\") | [Courtney Barnhill](/wiki/Courtney_Barnhill \"Courtney Barnhill\") | [St. John's Curling Club](/wiki/St._John%27s_Curling_Club \"St. John's Curling Club\") |\n| | [Jordan Potts](/wiki/Jordan_Potts \"Jordan Potts\") | [Sarah Potts](/wiki/Sarah_Potts_%28curler%29 \"Sarah Potts (curler)\") | [Port Arthur Curling Club](/wiki/Port_Arthur_Curling_Club \"Port Arthur Curling Club\") |\n| | [Matthew Miller](/wiki/Matthew_Miller_%28curler%29 \"Matthew Miller (curler)\") | [Maureen Miller](/wiki/Maureen_Miller \"Maureen Miller\") | [Inuvik Curling Club](/wiki/Inuvik_Curling_Club \"Inuvik Curling Club\") |\n| | [Tony Moore](/wiki/Tony_Moore_%28curler%29 \"Tony Moore (curler)\") | [Sheena Moore](/wiki/Sheena_Moore_%28curler%29 \"Sheena Moore (curler)\") | [Lakeshore Curling Club](/wiki/Lakeshore_Curling_Club \"Lakeshore Curling Club\") |\n| | [Brad Kidd](/wiki/Brad_Kidd \"Brad Kidd\") | [Casey Kidd](/wiki/Casey_Kidd \"Casey Kidd\") | [Peterborough Curling Club](/wiki/Peterborough_Curling_Club \"Peterborough Curling Club\") |\n| | [Kyle Holland](/wiki/Kyle_Holland \"Kyle Holland\") | [Katie Fullerton](/wiki/Katie_Fullerton \"Katie Fullerton\") | [Charlottetown Curling Complex](/wiki/Charlottetown_Curling_Complex \"Charlottetown Curling Complex\")[Cornwall Curling Club](/wiki/Cornwall_Curling_Club \"Cornwall Curling Club\") |\n| | [Michel Briand](/wiki/Michel_Briand_%28curler%29 \"Michel Briand (curler)\") | [Geneviève Frappier](/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Frappier \"Geneviève Frappier\") | [Club de curling Longue Pointe](/wiki/Club_de_curling_Longue_Pointe \"Club de curling Longue Pointe\") |\n| | [Shawn Joyce](/wiki/Shawn_Joyce \"Shawn Joyce\") | [Sherry Just](/wiki/Sherry_Just \"Sherry Just\") | [Nutana Curling Club](/wiki/Nutana_Curling_Club \"Nutana Curling Club\") |\n| | [Bob Smallwood](/wiki/Bob_Smallwood \"Bob Smallwood\") | [Jody Smallwood](/wiki/Jody_Smallwood \"Jody Smallwood\") | Whitehorse Curling Club |\n\n",
"### Open entries\n\n| Province / Territory | Male | Female |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | [Glenn Howard](/wiki/Glenn_Howard \"Glenn Howard\") | [Carly Howard](/wiki/Carly_Howard \"Carly Howard\") |\n| | [Adam Casey](/wiki/Adam_Casey_%28curler%29 \"Adam Casey (curler)\") | [Marie Christianson](/wiki/Marie_Christianson \"Marie Christianson\") |\n| | [Patrick Janssen](/wiki/Patrick_Janssen \"Patrick Janssen\") | [Clancy Grandy](/wiki/Clancy_Grandy \"Clancy Grandy\") |\n| | [Mark Kean](/wiki/Mark_Kean \"Mark Kean\") | [Mallory Kean](/wiki/Mallory_Kean \"Mallory Kean\") |\n| | [David Mathers](/wiki/David_Mathers_%28curler%29 \"David Mathers (curler)\") | [Lynn Kreviazuk](/wiki/Lynn_Kreviazuk \"Lynn Kreviazuk\") |\n| | [Don Bowser](/wiki/Don_Bowser \"Don Bowser\") | [Lauren Mann](/wiki/Lauren_Mann \"Lauren Mann\") |\n| | [Tyler Stewart](/wiki/Tyler_Stewart_%28curler%29 \"Tyler Stewart (curler)\") | [Nicole Westlund](/wiki/Nicole_Westlund \"Nicole Westlund\") |\n| | [Robbie Doherty](/wiki/Robbie_Doherty \"Robbie Doherty\") | [Patricia Wallingham](/wiki/Patty_Wallingham \"Patty Wallingham\") |\n| | [Daniel Grant](/wiki/Daniel_Grant_%28curler%29 \"Daniel Grant (curler)\") | [Kate Cameron](/wiki/Kate_Cameron_%28curler%29 \"Kate Cameron (curler)\") |\n| | Hugh Murphy | [Janet Murphy](/wiki/Janet_Murphy \"Janet Murphy\") |\n| | [Scott Brandon](/wiki/Scott_Brandon_%28curler%29 \"Scott Brandon (curler)\") | [Katelyn Wasylkiw](/wiki/Katelyn_Wasylkiw \"Katelyn Wasylkiw\") |\n| | [Mike Anderson](/wiki/Mike_Anderson_%28curler%29 \"Mike Anderson (curler)\") | [Danielle Inglis](/wiki/Danielle_Inglis \"Danielle Inglis\") |\n| | [Dustin Kalthoff](/wiki/Dustin_Kalthoff \"Dustin Kalthoff\") | [Nancy Martin](/wiki/Nancy_Martin \"Nancy Martin\") |\n| | [Bowie Abbis\\-Mills](/wiki/Bowie_Abbis-Mills \"Bowie Abbis-Mills\") | [Tess Bobbie](/wiki/Tess_Bobbie \"Tess Bobbie\") |\n| | [Brett DeKoning](/wiki/Brett_DeKoning \"Brett DeKoning\") | [Robyn Murphy](/wiki/Robyn_Murphy \"Robyn Murphy\") |\n| | [Scott McDonald](/wiki/Scott_McDonald_%28curler%29 \"Scott McDonald (curler)\") | [Caitlin Romain](/wiki/Caitlin_Romain \"Caitlin Romain\") |\n| | [Wayne Tuck, Jr.](/wiki/Wayne_Tuck%2C_Jr. \"Wayne Tuck, Jr.\") | [Kim Tuck](/wiki/Kim_Tuck \"Kim Tuck\") |\n| | [Charley Thomas](/wiki/Charley_Thomas \"Charley Thomas\") | [Kalynn Park](/wiki/Kalynn_Park \"Kalynn Park\") |\n| | [Mike Armstrong](/wiki/Mike_Armstrong_%28curler%29 \"Mike Armstrong (curler)\") | [Ashley Quick](/wiki/Ashley_Quick \"Ashley Quick\") |\n\n",
"Round\\-robin standings\n----------------------\n\n*Final round\\-robin standings*\n\n|Key\n\n| |\n| |Teams to Playoffs\n\n|\n\n| Pool A W | L |\n| --- | --- |\n| Abbis\\-Mills/Bobbie | 7 | 0 |\n| Kidd/Kidd | 5 | 2 |\n| Howard/Howard | 5 | 2 |\n| DeKoning/Murphy | 4 | 3 |\n| Grant/Cameron | 3 | 4 |\n| Joyce/Just | 2 | 5 |\n| Moore/Moore | 2 | 5 |\n| Flynn/Barnhill | 0 | 7 |\n\n| Pool B W | L |\n| --- | --- |\n| Thomas/Park | 6 | 1 |\n| Tardi/Hawes | 4 | 3 |\n| Casey/Christiansen | 4 | 3 |\n| MacDonald/Romain | 4 | 3 |\n| Bowser/Mann | 3 | 4 |\n| Tuck/Tuck | 3 | 4 |\n| Baker/Menard | 2 | 5 |\n| Briand/Frappier | 2 | 5 |\n\n| Pool C W | L |\n| --- | --- |\n| Murphy/Murphy | 5 | 2 |\n| Brandon/Wasylkiw | 5 | 2 |\n| Janssen/Grandy | 5 | 2 |\n| Jeffrey/Forward | 4 | 3 |\n| Potts/Potts | 4 | 3 |\n| Holland/Fullerton | 3 | 4 |\n| Doherty/Wallingham | 1 | 6 |\n| Miller/Miller | 1 | 6 |\n\n| Pool D W | L |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mathers/Kreviazuk | 6 | 1 |\n| Yeo/Yeo | 5 | 2 |\n| Kean/Kean | 4 | 3 |\n| Stewart/Westlund | 3 | 4 |\n| Anderson/Inglis | 3 | 4 |\n| Armstrong/Quick | 3 | 4 |\n| Kalthoff/Martin | 3 | 4 |\n| Smallwood/Smallwood | 1 | 6 |\n\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Playoffs\n--------\n\n### Round of 12\n\n*Saturday, March 14, 21:00*\n\n### Quarterfinals\n\n*Sunday, March 15, 09:30*\n\n### Semifinals\n\n*Sunday, March 15, 13:30*\n\n### Final\n\n*Sunday, March 15, 17:30*\n\n",
"### Round of 12\n\n*Saturday, March 14, 21:00*\n\n",
"### Quarterfinals\n\n*Sunday, March 15, 09:30*\n\n",
"### Semifinals\n\n*Sunday, March 15, 13:30*\n\n",
"### Final\n\n*Sunday, March 15, 17:30*\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship](/wiki/Category:Canadian_Mixed_Doubles_Curling_Championship \"Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Championship\")\n[Category:Curling in Ottawa](/wiki/Category:Curling_in_Ottawa \"Curling in Ottawa\")\n[Canadian Mixed Doubles Curling Trials](/wiki/Category:2015_in_Canadian_curling \"2015 in Canadian curling\")\n[Mixed Doubles Curling Trials](/wiki/Category:March_2015_sports_events_in_Canada \"March 2015 sports events in Canada\")\n[Category:2015 in Ottawa](/wiki/Category:2015_in_Ottawa \"2015 in Ottawa\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Henry de Ardern
|
{
"id": [
1951353
],
"name": [
"Waacstats"
]
}
|
bsxaox93kgow43tu3cdk1u7mlrbln7g
|
2020-08-30T14:33:54Z
| 939,083,544 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Henry de Ardern**, or Henry Ardern, was a [Member of Parliament](/wiki/Member_of_Parliament \"Member of Parliament\") for [Warwickshire](/wiki/Warwickshire_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Warwickshire (UK Parliament constituency)\") in 1377 and again in 1380, and for [Worcestershire](/wiki/Worcestershire_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Worcestershire (UK Parliament constituency)\") from November 1381\\.[Williams, W. R. *The Parliamentary History of the County of Worcester*, 1897 p. 21](https://archive.org/stream/cu31924030495141#page/n35/mode/2up/search/worcestershire)\n\nIn 1373 Henry bought Park Hall, near [Castle Bromwich](/wiki/Castle_Bromwich \"Castle Bromwich\"), from [Sir John Botetourt](/wiki/John_de_Botetourt%2C_2nd_Baron_Botetourt \"John de Botetourt, 2nd Baron Botetourt\").Driver, J. T. *Worcestershire Knights of the Shire 1377\\-1421* Transactions of the Worcestershire Archaeological Society. Third Series Vol 4 1974 p. 19 In 1377, or 1378, he was granted the manors of Croome Adam (now [Earls Croome](/wiki/Earls_Croome \"Earls Croome\")) and [Grafton Flyford](/wiki/Grafton_Flyford \"Grafton Flyford\") by the [Earl of Warwick](/wiki/Thomas_de_Beauchamp%2C_12th_Earl_of_Warwick \"Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick\") for a red rose.\n\nHe was the son of Ralph de Ardern and probably born at [Curdworth](/wiki/Curdworth \"Curdworth\"). He died in 1382\\.\n\nHe married and had a son, [Ralph Ardern](/wiki/Ralph_Ardern \"Ralph Ardern\") who also became the Member of Parliament for Worcestershire in March 1406\\.Driver, J. T. *Worcestershire Knights of the Shire 1377\\-1421* Transactions of the Worcestershire Archaeological Society. Third Series Vol 4 1974 p. 20\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1382 deaths](/wiki/Category:1382_deaths \"1382 deaths\")\n[Category:English MPs 1381](/wiki/Category:English_MPs_1381 \"English MPs 1381\")\n[Category:Politicians from Worcestershire](/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Worcestershire \"Politicians from Worcestershire\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Thomas Nevitt
|
{
"id": [
300735
],
"name": [
"Kerry Raymond"
]
}
|
t2c3awzd9hajlzmmqhmdyz6qgpful6k
|
2024-03-03T05:40:32Z
| 1,211,134,375 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Political career",
"Personal life",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Thomas Nevitt** (May 1864 – 13 September 1932\\) was a member of both the [Queensland Legislative Council](/wiki/Queensland_Legislative_Council \"Queensland Legislative Council\") and [Queensland Legislative Assembly](/wiki/Queensland_Legislative_Assembly \"Queensland Legislative Assembly\").\n\nNevitt was born at [Crewe](/wiki/Crewe \"Crewe\"), Cheshire, to James Nevitt and his wife Ellen (née Warburton) and was educated in [Crewe Green](/wiki/Crewe_Green \"Crewe Green\") and St. Paul's Church schools, Crewe. He began his working life as a railway fitter in England before moving to [Queensland](/wiki/Queensland \"Queensland\") around 1884\\. He worked as a hospital wardsman in [Normanton](/wiki/Normanton%2C_Queensland \"Normanton, Queensland\") for twenty years from 1887, was [overseer](/wiki/Supervisor \"Supervisor\"), Townsville Quarantine Station from 1912 until 1917, and [Visiting Justice](/wiki/Judge \"Judge\") at [St Helena Prison](/wiki/St_Helena_Island_National_Park \"St Helena Island National Park\") and other centres throughout the state from 1923 to 1930\\.\n\n",
"Political career\n----------------\n\nNevitt entered the [Queensland Parliament](/wiki/Queensland_Parliament \"Queensland Parliament\") at the [1907 state election](/wiki/1907_Queensland_state_election \"1907 Queensland state election\"). Standing as the [Labour](/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_%28Queensland_Branch%29 \"Australian Labor Party (Queensland Branch)\") candidate for the seat of [Carpentaria](/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Carpentaria \"Electoral district of Carpentaria\"), he defeated the sitting member, [James Forsyth](/wiki/James_Forsyth_%28Australian_politician%29 \"James Forsyth (Australian politician)\"). He held the seat for five years until it was abolished in 1912\\.\n\nWhen the Labour Party starting forming governments in Queensland, it found much of its legislation being blocked by a hostile Council, where members had been appointed for life by successive conservative governments. After a failed [referendum](/wiki/Referendum \"Referendum\") in May 1917, Premier [Ryan](/wiki/T._J._Ryan \"T. J. Ryan\") tried a new tactic, and later that year advised the Governor, [Sir Hamilton John Goold\\-Adams](/wiki/Hamilton_John_Goold-Adams \"Hamilton John Goold-Adams\"), to appoint thirteen new members whose allegiance lay with Labour to the Council.[Goold\\-Adams, Sir Hamilton John (1858–1920\\)](http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/goold-adams-sir-hamilton-john-6425) – [Australian Dictionary of Biography](/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography \"Australian Dictionary of Biography\"). Retrieved 12 April 2015\\.\n\nNevitt was one of the thirteen new members, and went on to serve for four and a half years until the Council was abolished in March 1922\\. From 17 November 1920 he was also the Chairman of Committees.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nNevitt married Sabina Naughton in 1887 and together had 3 sons. He retired in March 1932\\. About July 1932, he travelled to Cairns where he died in a private hospital in September 1932\\. His funeral was held at St John's Church, Cairns and proceeded to the [Martyn St Cemetery](/wiki/Martyn_St_Cemetery \"Martyn St Cemetery\").[thumb\\|center\\|Grave of Thomas Nevitt in Cairns Martyn Street Cemetery](/wiki/File:Grave_of_Thomas_Nevitt_d_1932.jpg \"Grave of Thomas Nevitt d 1932.jpg\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Queensland_Legislative_Assembly \"Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly\")\n[Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Council](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Queensland_Legislative_Council \"Members of the Queensland Legislative Council\")\n[Category:1864 births](/wiki/Category:1864_births \"1864 births\")\n[Category:1932 deaths](/wiki/Category:1932_deaths \"1932 deaths\")\n[Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland](/wiki/Category:Australian_Labor_Party_members_of_the_Parliament_of_Queensland \"Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland\")\n[Category:People from Crewe](/wiki/Category:People_from_Crewe \"People from Crewe\")\n[Category:Burials in Queensland](/wiki/Category:Burials_in_Queensland \"Burials in Queensland\")\n\n"
]
}
|
McPhee/Parker/Lazro
|
{
"id": [
8447749
],
"name": [
"J04n"
]
}
|
pntodz09kevapachhuxk8tn5229wsnz
|
2024-04-08T18:29:01Z
| 1,210,831,511 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Reception",
"Track listing",
"Personnel",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***McPhee/Parker/Lazro*** is a live album by saxophonists [Joe McPhee](/wiki/Joe_McPhee \"Joe McPhee\"), [Evan Parker](/wiki/Evan_Parker \"Evan Parker\") and Daunik Lazro recorded in France in 1995 and first released on the Vand'Oeuvre label.[Joe McPhee discography](http://joemcphee.com/mcphee/parker/lazro.html) accessed April 22, 2015\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\n[AllMusic](/wiki/AllMusic \"AllMusic\") reviewer Thom Jurek states \"This isn't a noodle fest, but it is very subdued with little change in dynamic throughout. This is a disc for people who like to think about the saxophone or hear Joe McPhee practice with a couple of other guys\".\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\n*All compositions by Joe McPhee, Evan Parker and Daunik Lazro*\n1. \"The Emmet's Inch\" \\- 36:59\n2. \"The Snake and the Scorpion\" (McPhee, Parker) \\- 4:36\n3. \"Fire on the Water\" (Lazro, McPhee) \\- 7:06\n4. \"And Eagle's Mile\" \\- 14:53\n\n",
"Personnel\n---------\n\n* [Joe McPhee](/wiki/Joe_McPhee \"Joe McPhee\") \\- [pocket trumpet](/wiki/Pocket_trumpet \"Pocket trumpet\"), [soprano saxophone](/wiki/Soprano_saxophone \"Soprano saxophone\"), [alto saxophone](/wiki/Alto_saxophone \"Alto saxophone\"), [alto clarinet](/wiki/Alto_clarinet \"Alto clarinet\")\n* [Evan Parker](/wiki/Evan_Parker \"Evan Parker\") \\- soprano saxophone, [tenor saxophone](/wiki/Tenor_saxophone \"Tenor saxophone\")\n* Daunik Lazro \\- alto saxophone, [baritone saxophone](/wiki/Baritone_saxophone \"Baritone saxophone\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Joe McPhee live albums](/wiki/Category:Joe_McPhee_live_albums \"Joe McPhee live albums\")\n[Category:Evan Parker live albums](/wiki/Category:Evan_Parker_live_albums \"Evan Parker live albums\")\n[Category:1996 live albums](/wiki/Category:1996_live_albums \"1996 live albums\")\n[Category:1996 collaborative albums](/wiki/Category:1996_collaborative_albums \"1996 collaborative albums\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Samuel Badger Monument
|
{
"id": [
40587199
],
"name": [
"Pipe058"
]
}
|
b5vkz6tljylu7x6dqskzxcoibn2tm1b
|
2023-12-30T05:32:08Z
| 1,192,586,450 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Description and history",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThe **Samuel Badger Monument** is one of the most distinctive examples of funerary art in the United States state of [Maine](/wiki/Maine \"Maine\"). Located in a small private cemetery in [Kittery](/wiki/Kittery%2C_Maine \"Kittery, Maine\"), it depicts the locally important shipbuilding magnate Samuel Badger (1794\\-1857\\). The monument was designed by David M. French of [Newmarket, New Hampshire](/wiki/Newmarket%2C_New_Hampshire \"Newmarket, New Hampshire\"), and was completed in 1858\\. It was listed on the [National Register of Historic Places](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places \"National Register of Historic Places\") in 1998\\.\n\n",
"Description and history\n-----------------------\n\nThe Samuel Badger Monument is located in a small private cemetery in a residential area of Kittery Foreside, a village of Kittery on the banks of the [Piscataqua River](/wiki/Piscataqua_River \"Piscataqua River\"), not far from [Badger's Island](/wiki/Badger%27s_Island \"Badger's Island\"). The cemetery has a small number of graves, which all appear to be related to Samuel Badger and his immediate family, many of whom predeceased him. The cemetery is surrounded by houses, and is not readily accessible to the public. The monument is a stepped rectangular granite shaft, set on a granite foundation. In a niche on one side with a curved ceiling stands a marble bust of Badger. The tier at the base of the shaft has the Badger name in raised letters, and the next tier depicts a 19th\\-century sailing ship. The shaft is topped by a low gabled pediment with a star at its center. The bust of Badger was designed by David M. French of [Newmarket, New Hampshire](/wiki/Newmarket%2C_New_Hampshire \"Newmarket, New Hampshire\"), and was installed in 1858\\. The circumstances of its commissioning are not known.NRHP nomination for Samuel Badger Monument (redacted); available by request from the National Park Service.\n\nSamuel Badger was one of the major shipbuilders on the Piscataqua River in the mid\\-19th century. He was the nephew of [William Badger](/wiki/William_Badger_%28shipbuilder%29 \"William Badger (shipbuilder)\"), a shipbuilder for whom Badger's Island is named. He served for many years under his uncle at his shipyard, and took over that business upon the elder Badger's death in 1830\\. From then until his own death in 1857, the Badger shipyard produced 45 [packet ships](/wiki/Packet_ship \"Packet ship\").\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Maine](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_York_County%2C_Maine \"National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Maine\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine](/wiki/Category:Monuments_and_memorials_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Maine \"Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine\")\n[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1858](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_completed_in_1858 \"Buildings and structures completed in 1858\")\n[Category:Buildings and structures in Kittery, Maine](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Kittery%2C_Maine \"Buildings and structures in Kittery, Maine\")\n[Category:Burial monuments and structures](/wiki/Category:Burial_monuments_and_structures \"Burial monuments and structures\")\n[Category:National Register of Historic Places in York County, Maine](/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_York_County%2C_Maine \"National Register of Historic Places in York County, Maine\")\n[Category:1858 establishments in Maine](/wiki/Category:1858_establishments_in_Maine \"1858 establishments in Maine\")\n[Category:Sculptures of men in Maine](/wiki/Category:Sculptures_of_men_in_Maine \"Sculptures of men in Maine\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Rupert Hambro
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
4oz1ep59s2321rz5ho1tz1pygryhroc
|
2024-09-25T00:03:38Z
| 1,185,975,004 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"Career",
"Philanthropy",
"Personal life",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Rupert Nicholas Hambro** [CBE](/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire \"Order of the British Empire\") (27 June 1943 – 19 February 2021\\) was a British banker and businessman.\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nRupert Hambro was born on 27 June 1943\\.[Rupert Nicholas Hambro](http://www.debretts.com/people-of-today/profile/605/Rupert-Nicholas-HAMBRO), *[Debrett's](/wiki/Debrett%27s \"Debrett's\")* His father, [Jocelyn Hambro](/wiki/Jocelyn_Hambro \"Jocelyn Hambro\"), was chair of [Hambros Bank](/wiki/Hambros_Bank \"Hambros Bank\") from 1965 to 1972\\.[Charles Mosley](/wiki/Charles_Mosley_%28genealogist%29 \"Charles Mosley (genealogist)\") (ed.), *Burke's Peerage and Baronetage*, Crans, Switzerland: [Burke's Peerage](/wiki/Burke%27s_Peerage \"Burke's Peerage\"), 1999, vol. 1, p. 1278 His mother was Ann Silvia Muir. His paternal great\\-grandfather, [Carl Joachim Hambro](/wiki/Carl_Joachim_Hambro_%28banker%29 \"Carl Joachim Hambro (banker)\"), was a Danish emigrant to England who founded the Hambros Bank.\n\nHe was educated at [Eton College](/wiki/Eton_College \"Eton College\"). He studied at the [University of Aix\\-en\\-Provence](/wiki/Aix-Marseille_University \"Aix-Marseille University\") in [Aix\\-en\\-Provence](/wiki/Aix-en-Provence \"Aix-en-Provence\"), France.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nHambro started his career at Peat Marwick Mitchell Co., which later merged with [KPMG](/wiki/KPMG \"KPMG\"), from 1962 to 1964\\.\n\nHe joined the family business, Hambros Bank, in 1964\\. He served on its board of directors from 1969 to 1986, and as its chairman from 1983 to 1986\\.[Wallace Collection: Board of Trustees](http://www.wallacecollection.org/news/94)[Robinson Hambro](http://robinsonhambro.com/rupert-hambro-obe/)[British Association of Adoption and Fostering: Who we are: President and Patrons](http://www.baaf.org.uk/about/president) In 1986, he co\\-founded J.O. Hambro Capital Management, a [mergers and acquisitions](/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions \"Mergers and acquisitions\") investment firm, with his father and two brothers. He was also the owner of the private equity firm, Hambro \\& Partners.\n\nHe was Chairman of Woburn Enterprises, which includes the [Woburn Safari Park](/wiki/Woburn_Safari_Park \"Woburn Safari Park\"), the [Woburn Abbey](/wiki/Woburn_Abbey \"Woburn Abbey\"), golf courses and hotels. He also served on the Boards of Directors of [Anglo American plc](/wiki/Anglo_American_plc \"Anglo American plc\"), the [Telegraph Group](/wiki/Telegraph_Media_Group \"Telegraph Media Group\") and the [Sedgwick Group](/wiki/Sedgwick_Group \"Sedgwick Group\"). In 1976, he served on the board of directors of the White Pass and Yukon Corporation Ltd., which owns a railway on the [White Pass and Yukon Route](/wiki/White_Pass_and_Yukon_Route \"White Pass and Yukon Route\") in Canada.[Second banking dynasty with cloud here](https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19761211&id=2R4uAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eqEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5963,3125042&hl=en), *The Gazette* (Montreal), 11 December 1976\n\nHe was Chairman of Cazenove \\& Loyd, a luxury travel agency, from 2003\\. Additionally, he was Chairman of [Theo Fennell](/wiki/Theo_Fennell \"Theo Fennell\") PLC and Chairman of [Sipsmith](/wiki/Sipsmith \"Sipsmith\") from 2009\\. He served on the Supervisory Board of [Bank Gutmann](/wiki/Bank_Gutmann \"Bank Gutmann\").[Bank Gutmann: Governance](https://www.gutmann.at/en/gutmann/bank-gutmann-ag/governance) He also served as the Chairman of [Robinson Hambro](/wiki/Robinson_Hambro \"Robinson Hambro\"), a recruitment agency for corporate directors, since 2010\\.\n\nOn 4 November 2013, Hambro incorporated [Hambro Perks Ltd.](/wiki/Hambro_Perks_Ltd. \"Hambro Perks Ltd.\") with Dominic Perks and was a director of the company.\n\nHe wrote in *[The Spectator](/wiki/The_Spectator \"The Spectator\")*.[The Spectator: Rupert Hambro](http://www.spectator.co.uk/author/rupert-hambro/)\n\nAccording to The *[Sunday Times Rich List](/wiki/Sunday_Times_Rich_List \"Sunday Times Rich List\")* in 2020 his net worth was estimated at £151 million.\n\nHe died on 19 February 2021 at the age of 77 after a long illness.[Hambro](http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/248091/hambro)\n\n",
"Philanthropy\n------------\n\nHambro was the Treasurer of the [National Art Collections Fund](/wiki/The_Art_Fund \"The Art Fund\") from 1991 to 2003\\. He was the Chairman of the [Museum of London Docklands](/wiki/Museum_of_London_Docklands \"Museum of London Docklands\") from 1995 to 2008\\.\n\nHe served as the Chairman of [The Silver Trust](/wiki/The_Silver_Trust \"The Silver Trust\") from 1988 and Vice Patron of the [Royal British Society of Sculptors](/wiki/Royal_British_Society_of_Sculptors \"Royal British Society of Sculptors\") from 1997\\.[Royal British Society of Sculptors: Supporters](http://rbs.org.uk/about-us/supporters) He served on the Council of the [Royal College of Art](/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art \"Royal College of Art\") from 2010, and he was an Honorary Fellow of the [University of Bath](/wiki/University_of_Bath \"University of Bath\"). Additionally, he served as the Chairman of the Development \\& Strategy Board of the [Zoological Society of London](/wiki/Zoological_Society_of_London \"Zoological Society of London\") since 2011\\. He served on the board of trustees of the [Wallace Collection](/wiki/Wallace_Collection \"Wallace Collection\").\n\nHe served on the advisory board of [Open Europe](/wiki/Open_Europe \"Open Europe\"), a think tank which promotes reform within the European Union, from 2006\\. He was a Knight of the [Order of the Falcon](/wiki/Order_of_the_Falcon \"Order of the Falcon\") of Iceland.\n\nHe was appointed CBE in the [2014 Birthday Honours](/wiki/2014_Birthday_Honours \"2014 Birthday Honours\") for charitable services.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nHambro married Mary Boyer (Robin) in 1970\\. Robin Hambro is an American\\-born philanthropist, former London Editor of American Vogue who is on the [International Best Dressed List](/wiki/International_Best_Dressed_List \"International Best Dressed List\").[The International Hall of Fame: Women: 2009 Inductees](http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2009/08/hall-of-fame-women), *Vanity Fair*, 3 August 2009 They have a son, Jonathan, and a daughter, Flora.\n\nHe was a member of [White's](/wiki/White%27s \"White's\"), the [Groucho Club](/wiki/Groucho_Club \"Groucho Club\") and [The Walbrook Club](/wiki/Walbrook_Club \"Walbrook Club\") in the City of London as well as the [Jupiter Island Club](/wiki/Jupiter_Island_Club \"Jupiter Island Club\") in [Hobe Sound, Florida](/wiki/Hobe_Sound%2C_Florida \"Hobe Sound, Florida\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1943 births](/wiki/Category:1943_births \"1943 births\")\n[Category:2021 deaths](/wiki/Category:2021_deaths \"2021 deaths\")\n[Category:Bankers from London](/wiki/Category:Bankers_from_London \"Bankers from London\")\n[Category:People educated at Eton College](/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Eton_College \"People educated at Eton College\")\n[Category:Aix\\-Marseille University alumni](/wiki/Category:Aix-Marseille_University_alumni \"Aix-Marseille University alumni\")\n[Category:British corporate directors](/wiki/Category:British_corporate_directors \"British corporate directors\")\n[Category:Philanthropists from London](/wiki/Category:Philanthropists_from_London \"Philanthropists from London\")\n[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire](/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire \"Commanders of the Order of the British Empire\")\n[Category:Knights of the Order of the Falcon](/wiki/Category:Knights_of_the_Order_of_the_Falcon \"Knights of the Order of the Falcon\")\n[Category:British people of Danish descent](/wiki/Category:British_people_of_Danish_descent \"British people of Danish descent\")\n[Rupert](/wiki/Category:Hambro_family \"Hambro family\")\n[Category:British Eurosceptics](/wiki/Category:British_Eurosceptics \"British Eurosceptics\")\n[Category:Place of birth missing](/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing \"Place of birth missing\")\n[Category:Place of death missing](/wiki/Category:Place_of_death_missing \"Place of death missing\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Arab Sharkas case
|
{
"id": [
35351935
],
"name": [
"XTheBedrockX"
]
}
|
4c040rf6po7ysfv8aaec2dchtd2jil1
|
2024-06-06T02:02:59Z
| 1,023,001,717 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Military raid on Arab Sharkas village",
"Trial and execution",
"Egyptian and international reaction",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"The **Arab Sharkas case** is the name given to the military trial of nine men in [Egypt](/wiki/Egypt \"Egypt\") in August 2014\\. Six defendants were sentenced to death in October, and executed in May 2015\\.\n\nAccording to military prosecutors for the government of Egyptian president [Abdel Fattah el\\-Sisi](/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi \"Abdel Fattah el-Sisi\"), the defendants killed soldiers during a military raid in the village of Arab Sharkas in March 2014\\. Human rights organizations have stated that some of the defendants were imprisoned prior to the raid, or arrested elsewhere in Egypt; it is not clear if any were present at the raid. The defendants were tortured during their imprisonment, and refused an appeal prior to their executions. The case has been denounced by international human rights organizations.\n\n",
"Military raid on Arab Sharkas village\n-------------------------------------\n\nThe prosecution accused the defendants of killing a colonel and brigadier general during a firefight in the Qaliubiya village of Arab Sharkas, in northern Egypt, in March 2014\\. The firefight occurred during a government raid that killed six; prosecutors said that eight who were not killed were detained.\n\nAccording to [Amnesty International](/wiki/Amnesty_International \"Amnesty International\") and [Human Rights Watch](/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch \"Human Rights Watch\"), three of the six executed were already imprisoned by Egyptian security forces at a secret location \\- the Al\\-Azouly Military Prison \\- prior to the raid in which they were said to have been captured.\n\nEgyptian military prosecutors also accused the defendants of carrying out a shooting on a military bus in the Amiriya district of Cairo in March 2014, killing one soldier. Prosecutors furthermore stated the defendants were responsible for a later checkpoint attack in Cairo that killed six soldiers.\n\n",
"Trial and execution\n-------------------\n\nThe defendants include Mohamed Bakry, Hany Amer, Mohamed Afifi, Abdel rahman Said, Khaled Farg and Islam Said, and were tortured in custody. They are said to have confessed they belong to Ansar Bait Al\\-Maqdis, considered a terrorist group by the Egyptian government. Now called Welayet Sinai, the organization is said to have ties to ISIS. One of the defendants, Said, was a high school student.\n\nThe military courts faced a suit calling for the death sentences to be halted, but postponed hearing the suit until two days after the executions were already carried out. Lawyers representing the defendants were not informed of their impending executions.\n\nOne lawyer, Ahmed Helmy, said that the executions were meant to broadcast that the el\\-Sisi government was able and willing to carry out executions following former president Morsi's conviction.\n\nTwo defendants were sentenced to life in prison, and another sentenced to death in absentia.\n\n",
"Egyptian and international reaction\n-----------------------------------\n\nHuman rights organizations including Amnesty International urged Egypt not to carry through the executions, and called the executions \"an egregious new low\" in which civilians had been tried by military courts. Human Rights Monitor, based in London, stated that the court \"ignored all evidence that might enable the defendants to be acquitted,\" called only one witness (an Egyptian government security officer), and used torture to extract confessions.\n\nThe Egyptian Freedom and Justice Party, dissolved by the el\\-Sisi government, called the executions a crime.\n\nThe Egyptian Revolutionary Council, an organization opposed to president el\\-Sisi, stated in response to the executions that el\\-Sisi's government executes \"innocent Egyptians for political scores.\" The organization leader Dr. Maha Azzam stated that the \"Egyptian regime has to be held directly accountable for the execution of citizens without any due process;\" she condemned western governments for supporting the executions.\n\nThe *[World Socialist Web Site](/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site \"World Socialist Web Site\")* stated that the trial and executions in the Arab Sharkas case paralleled those used against Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood, and condemned continued American financial support for the Egyptian military.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [2013 Egyptian coup d'état](/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat \"2013 Egyptian coup d'état\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:2014 crimes in Egypt](/wiki/Category:2014_crimes_in_Egypt \"2014 crimes in Egypt\")\n[Category:2014 in case law](/wiki/Category:2014_in_case_law \"2014 in case law\")\n[Category:2010s trials](/wiki/Category:2010s_trials \"2010s trials\")\n[Category:Trials in Egypt](/wiki/Category:Trials_in_Egypt \"Trials in Egypt\")\n[Category:Court\\-martial cases](/wiki/Category:Court-martial_cases \"Court-martial cases\")\n[Category:March 2014 events in Egypt](/wiki/Category:March_2014_events_in_Egypt \"March 2014 events in Egypt\")\n[Category:August 2014 events in Egypt](/wiki/Category:August_2014_events_in_Egypt \"August 2014 events in Egypt\")\n[Category:2014 controversies](/wiki/Category:2014_controversies \"2014 controversies\")\n[Category:Civilians who were court\\-martialed](/wiki/Category:Civilians_who_were_court-martialed \"Civilians who were court-martialed\")\n[Category:Political repression in Egypt](/wiki/Category:Political_repression_in_Egypt \"Political repression in Egypt\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Annabella Plumptre
|
{
"id": [
948213
],
"name": [
"Yodin"
]
}
|
ocnwsa3szlcwprmzlsv00xojynzqcss
|
2023-03-14T19:22:32Z
| 1,144,635,242 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Life",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Annabella** \"**Bell**\" **Plumptre** (1769–1838\\) was a [British](/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland \"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland\") writer and translator. She sometimes collaborated with her sister [Anne Plumptre](/wiki/Anne_Plumptre \"Anne Plumptre\").\n\n",
"Life\n----\n\nPlumptre was born in [Norwich](/wiki/Norwich \"Norwich\") in 1769\\. Her father was Robert Plumptre and her siblings were the cleric [James Plumptre](/wiki/James_Plumptre \"James Plumptre\") and fellow writer [Anne Plumptre](/wiki/Anne_Plumptre \"Anne Plumptre\"). She and Anna were given a good education which included foreign languages. They wrote as part of what became known as the \"Enfield Group\". A friend was the writer [Amelia Opie](/wiki/Amelia_Opie \"Amelia Opie\") (then Alderson) who wrote a play, *Adelaide*, that they both acted in when it was performed privately. Their brother James wrote the prologue. The two sisters began to translate plays from German including those of the playwright [August von Kotzebue](/wiki/August_von_Kotzebue \"August von Kotzebue\").\n\nPlumptre was known for her writings associated with the politics of food production. She published work between 1794 and 1818\\. In 1810 she published a cookery book to which was associated her thoughts on food, diet and politics. She argued against the use of food production as an economic tool.[‘An Antidote to Modern Errors’: Annabella Plumptre and the health of the nation](http://extra.shu.ac.uk/corvey/corinne/essay%20clark.html), Helen Clark, May 2009, Sheffield Hallam, retrieved May 2015\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1769 births](/wiki/Category:1769_births \"1769 births\")\n[Category:1838 deaths](/wiki/Category:1838_deaths \"1838 deaths\")\n[Category:Writers from Norwich](/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Norwich \"Writers from Norwich\")\n[Category:British translators](/wiki/Category:British_translators \"British translators\")\n[Category:German–English translators](/wiki/Category:German%E2%80%93English_translators \"German–English translators\")\n\n"
]
}
|
2014 MAAC Men's Lacrosse Tournament
|
{
"id": [
27073043
],
"name": [
"Highresheadphones"
]
}
|
s9lzh9eq4ffpgi04r2r5toh8rllfeyp
|
2024-05-08T05:18:57Z
| 1,162,828,642 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Standings",
"Schedule",
"Bracket",
"All-Tournament",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"The **2014 MAAC Men's Lacrosse Championship** took place from April 1 to May 3 that year at [Tenney Stadium](/wiki/Tenney_Stadium \"Tenney Stadium\") in [Poughkeepsie, New York](/wiki/Poughkeepsie%2C_New_York \"Poughkeepsie, New York\"), [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\"). The winner of the tournament received the [Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference](/wiki/Metro_Atlantic_Athletic_Conference \"Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference\")'s [automatic bid](/wiki/Automatic_bid \"Automatic bid\") to the [2014 NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship](/wiki/2014_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Lacrosse_Championship \"2014 NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship\"). Four teams from the MAAC conference will compete in the single elimination tournament. The seeds were based upon the teams' regular season conference record.\n\n",
"Standings\n---------\n\nOnly the top four teams in the Metro Atlantic Athletic conference advanced to the MAAC Conference Tournament.[Standings](http://www.maacsports.com/standings/Standings.dbml?SPID=10992&DB_OEM_ID=17400&DEF_FY=2013)MAAC Sports. \n\n| Seed | School | Conference | Overall | Tiebreakers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | [Siena](/wiki/Siena_Saints_men%27s_lacrosse \"Siena Saints men's lacrosse\")‡\\* | 7–0 | 11–6 | |\n| 2 | [Marist](/wiki/Marist_Red_Foxes_men%27s_lacrosse \"Marist Red Foxes men's lacrosse\")\\* | 3–3 | 6–9 | |\n| 3 | [Detroit](/wiki/Detroit_Titans_men%27s_lacrosse \"Detroit Titans men's lacrosse\")\\* | 3–3 | 6–8 | |\n| 4 | [Canisius](/wiki/Canisius_Golden_Griffins_men%27s_lacrosse \"Canisius Golden Griffins men's lacrosse\")\\* | 3–3 | 7–8 | |\n| 5 | [Quinnipiac](/wiki/Quinnipiac_Bobcats_men%27s_lacrosse \"Quinnipiac Bobcats men's lacrosse\") | 3–3 | 6–8 | |\n| 6 | [Manhattan](/wiki/Manhattan_Jaspers_men%27s_lacrosse \"Manhattan Jaspers men's lacrosse\") | 3–3 | 5–10 | |\n| 7 | [Monmouth](/wiki/Monmouth_Hawks_men%27s_lacrosse \"Monmouth Hawks men's lacrosse\") | 0–6 | 0–13 | |\n| ‡ MAAC regular season champions.\\* Qualify for the tournament. | | | | | | | |\n\n",
"Schedule\n--------\n\n| Session | Game | Time\\* | Matchup\\# | Score | Television |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Semi\\-finals – Thursday, May 1\n\n| 1\n\n 1 |\n 4:00 pm |\n \\#2 **Marist** vs. \\#3 Detroit |\n 11–9 |\n MAAC.TV\n\n| 2 | 7:00 pm | \\#1 **Siena** vs. \\#4 Canisius | 14–11 |\n| Championship – Saturday, May 3\n\n| 2\n\n 3 |\n 11:00am |\n \\#1 **Siena** vs. \\#2 Marist |\n 11–7 |\n ESPN 3\n\n| \\*Game times in [EST](/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone \"Eastern Time Zone\"). \\#–Rankings denote tournament seeding.\n\n",
"Bracket\n-------\n\n**Tenney Stadium – Poughkeepsie, New York**\n\n* denotes an overtime game\n\n",
"All\\-Tournament\n---------------\n\nTim Edwards, Canisius\n\nNick Tuttle, Canisius\n\nShayne Adams, Detroit\n\nAlex Maini, Detroit\n\nGannon Osborn, Marist\n\nDave Scarcello, Marist\n\nJordan Barlow, Siena\n\nColin Clive, Siena\n\nKyle Curry, Siena\n\n**Most Outstanding Player**\n\nTommy Cordts, Siena\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* [Third Time's a Charm; Siena Wins the 2014 MAAC Men's Lacrosse Title](http://www.maacsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?&DB_OEM_ID=17400&ATCLID=209488769)\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [2014 Men's Lacrosse Championship](http://www.maacsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?&DB_OEM_ID=17400&ATCLID=208611761) Tournament Page\n* [Schedule / Results](http://www.maacsports.com/SportSelect.dbml?&DB_OEM_ID=17400&SPID=10992&SPSID=91135)\n\n[MAAC men's lacrosse tournament](/wiki/Category:2014_in_lacrosse \"2014 in lacrosse\")\n[MAAC men's lacrosse tournament](/wiki/Category:2014_in_sports_in_New_York_%28state%29 \"2014 in sports in New York (state)\")\n[MAAC men's lacrosse tournament](/wiki/Category:April_2014_sports_events_in_the_United_States \"April 2014 sports events in the United States\")\n[MAAC men's lacrosse tournament](/wiki/Category:May_2014_sports_events_in_the_United_States \"May 2014 sports events in the United States\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Château de Meillant
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
ji4tu9sjryi09pfd3k9pwil0qtu7qip
|
2023-11-25T18:10:16Z
| 1,179,567,683 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Architectural significance",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThe **Château de Meillant** is a historic manor in [Meillant](/wiki/Meillant \"Meillant\"), [Cher](/wiki/Cher_%28department%29 \"Cher (department)\"), [Centre\\-Val de Loire](/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire \"Centre-Val de Loire\"), France.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nIt was built in the 15th century.\n\n",
"Architectural significance\n--------------------------\n\nIt has been listed as an [official monument](/wiki/Monument_historique \"Monument historique\") since 1963\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Châteaux in Cher](/wiki/Category:Ch%C3%A2teaux_in_Cher \"Châteaux in Cher\")\n[Category:Monuments historiques of Centre\\-Val de Loire](/wiki/Category:Monuments_historiques_of_Centre-Val_de_Loire \"Monuments historiques of Centre-Val de Loire\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Huayta
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
c1pfk81qbjms2t57geq4c91spe3bi66
|
2022-04-15T05:30:46Z
| 839,651,073 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Huayta** (possibly from [Aymara](/wiki/Aymara_language \"Aymara language\") for a headdress made of feathers or flowers, [Quechua](/wiki/Quechua_language \"Quechua language\") for [crest](/wiki/Crest_%28feathers%29 \"Crest (feathers)\"); wild flower; the whistling of the wind) is a mountain in the [Chila](/wiki/Chila_mountain_range \"Chila mountain range\") mountain range in the [Andes](/wiki/Andes \"Andes\") of [Peru](/wiki/Peru \"Peru\"), about high . It is located in the [Arequipa Region](/wiki/Arequipa_Region \"Arequipa Region\"), [Castilla Province](/wiki/Castilla_Province \"Castilla Province\"), [Chachas District](/wiki/Chachas_District \"Chachas District\"). Huayta lies south of [Huanca](/wiki/Huanca_%28mountain%29 \"Huanca (mountain)\") and [Sullucullahua](/wiki/Sullucullahua \"Sullucullahua\"), northeast of [Chinchón](/wiki/Chinch%C3%B3n_%28mountain%29 \"Chinchón (mountain)\") and southeast of [Aceruta](/wiki/Aceruta \"Aceruta\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Mountains of Peru](/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Peru \"Mountains of Peru\")\n[Category:Mountains of Arequipa Region](/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Arequipa_Region \"Mountains of Arequipa Region\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Niphecyra interpres
|
{
"id": [
15626478
],
"name": [
"Gug01"
]
}
|
9jkg4hjv79658lf4cmy0vndt8wr44on
|
2021-12-20T19:18:15Z
| 904,138,961 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Niphecyra interpres*** is a species of [beetle](/wiki/Beetle \"Beetle\") in the family [Cerambycidae](/wiki/Cerambycidae \"Cerambycidae\"). It was described by Kolbe in 1894\\.[BioLib.cz \\- *Niphecyra interpres*](https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id520203/). Retrieved on 8 September 2014\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Crossotini](/wiki/Category:Crossotini \"Crossotini\")\n[Category:Beetles described in 1894](/wiki/Category:Beetles_described_in_1894 \"Beetles described in 1894\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
State Street Bridge (Chicago)
|
{
"id": [
33700585
],
"name": [
"AlphaBeta135"
]
}
|
dooi4blyo4iy439y2mtssmi1ejalmu4
|
2024-07-19T16:08:15Z
| 1,214,903,042 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Bataan\\-Corregidor Memorial Bridge**, also known as the **State Street Bridge**, is a bridge that carries [State Street](/wiki/State_Street_%28Chicago%29 \"State Street (Chicago)\") across the [Chicago River](/wiki/Chicago_River \"Chicago River\") in downtown [Chicago](/wiki/Chicago \"Chicago\"), Illinois, United States.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe current bridge was started in 1939, but material shortages in World War II caused a delay in completion until 1949\\.\n\nFile:Chicago Douglas Monument and Bridge Postcard 1901 (Front).png\\|Postcard of bridge circa 1901\nFile:Chicago State Street Bridge Postcard (Front).png\\|Postcard of the bridge circa 1908\nFile:Bataan\\-Corregidor Memorial Bridge (State Street Bridge) with bascule span open.jpg\\|The current bridge with its bascule span open for river traffic\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1949 establishments in Illinois](/wiki/Category:1949_establishments_in_Illinois \"1949 establishments in Illinois\")\n[Category:Bascule bridges in Illinois](/wiki/Category:Bascule_bridges_in_Illinois \"Bascule bridges in Illinois\")\n[Category:Bridges completed in 1949](/wiki/Category:Bridges_completed_in_1949 \"Bridges completed in 1949\")\n[Category:Bridges in Chicago](/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_Chicago \"Bridges in Chicago\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
James Swanson
|
{
"id": [
7098284
],
"name": [
"Tassedethe"
]
}
|
qkyxvihn1an7g2m2c83j0sx4604i67a
|
2024-09-15T21:53:02Z
| 1,149,035,045 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"James Swanson"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**James Swanson** may refer to:\n* [James L. Swanson](/wiki/James_L._Swanson \"James L. Swanson\"), American author and historian\n* [James C. Swanson](/wiki/James_C._Swanson \"James C. Swanson\"), American educator and politician\n* [James Swanson (racing driver)](/wiki/James_Swanson_%28racing_driver%29 \"James Swanson (racing driver)\") (born 1980\\), American stock car racing driver\n\n"
]
}
|
Pope John Paul I: The Smile of God
|
{
"id": [
24902
],
"name": [
"Bearcat"
]
}
|
8kuden7slilb0lrqa1jc71pzxkljlob
|
2023-09-03T20:56:03Z
| 1,168,029,259 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Cast",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Pope John Paul I: The Smile of God*** () is a 2006 Italian television movie written and directed by [Giorgio Capitani](/wiki/Giorgio_Capitani \"Giorgio Capitani\"). The film is based on real life events of [Roman Catholic](/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church \"Roman Catholic Church\") Pope [John Paul I](/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I \"Pope John Paul I\").\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nContrary to his father's socialist views, Albino Luciani (the Pope's birth name) entered the lower seminary in Feltre. After being ordained a priest in 1935, he became a vicar in his home parish. Then, while teaching theology at the seminary, he wrote a doctoral dissertation. In 1958 he became a bishop of Vittorio Veneto, in 1973 a cardinal, and a pope in 1978\\.\n\n",
"Cast\n----\n\n* [Neri Marcorè](/wiki/Neri_Marcor%C3%A8 \"Neri Marcorè\") as [Albino Luciani](/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I \"Pope John Paul I\")\n* José María Blanco as [Card. Jean\\-Marie Villot](/wiki/Jean-Marie_Villot \"Jean-Marie Villot\")\n* Paolo Romano as [Don Diego Lorenzi](/wiki/Diego_Lorenzi \"Diego Lorenzi\")\n* [Franco Interlenghi](/wiki/Franco_Interlenghi \"Franco Interlenghi\") as [Agostino Casaroli](/wiki/Agostino_Casaroli \"Agostino Casaroli\")\n* Imma Colomer Marcet as [Sister Lucia dos Santos](/wiki/L%C3%BAcia_Santos \"Lúcia Santos\")\n* [Gabriele Ferzetti](/wiki/Gabriele_Ferzetti \"Gabriele Ferzetti\") as [Cardinal Giuseppe Siri](/wiki/Giuseppe_Siri \"Giuseppe Siri\")\n* [Roberto Citran](/wiki/Roberto_Citran \"Roberto Citran\") as Luigi Tiezzi\n* [Jacques Sernas](/wiki/Jacques_Sernas \"Jacques Sernas\") as [Paul Marcinkus](/wiki/Paul_Marcinkus \"Paul Marcinkus\")\n* [Sergio Fiorentini](/wiki/Sergio_Fiorentini \"Sergio Fiorentini\") as Father Gruber\n* Alberto Di Stasio as [Gioacchino Muccin](/wiki/Gioacchino_Muccin \"Gioacchino Muccin\")\n* Giorgia Bongianni as Bortola Luciani\n* Giuseppe Antignati as [Cardinal Karol Wojtyła](/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II \"Pope John Paul II\")\n* Emilio De Marchi as [Girolamo Bortignon](/wiki/Girolamo_Bortignon \"Girolamo Bortignon\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:2006 television films](/wiki/Category:2006_television_films \"2006 television films\")\n[Category:2006 films](/wiki/Category:2006_films \"2006 films\")\n[Category:Italian drama television films](/wiki/Category:Italian_drama_television_films \"Italian drama television films\")\n[Category:2006 biographical drama films](/wiki/Category:2006_biographical_drama_films \"2006 biographical drama films\")\n[Category:Films set in the 20th century](/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_the_20th_century \"Films set in the 20th century\")\n[Category:Films set in Italy](/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_Italy \"Films set in Italy\")\n[Category:Italian biographical drama films](/wiki/Category:Italian_biographical_drama_films \"Italian biographical drama films\")\n[Category:Films about popes](/wiki/Category:Films_about_popes \"Films about popes\")\n[Category:Films directed by Giorgio Capitani](/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Giorgio_Capitani \"Films directed by Giorgio Capitani\")\n[Category:Cultural depictions of Pope John Paul I](/wiki/Category:Cultural_depictions_of_Pope_John_Paul_I \"Cultural depictions of Pope John Paul I\")\n[Category:Cultural depictions of Pope John Paul II](/wiki/Category:Cultural_depictions_of_Pope_John_Paul_II \"Cultural depictions of Pope John Paul II\")\n[Category:Films scored by Ennio Morricone](/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Ennio_Morricone \"Films scored by Ennio Morricone\")\n[Category:2006 drama films](/wiki/Category:2006_drama_films \"2006 drama films\")\n[Category:2000s Italian films](/wiki/Category:2000s_Italian_films \"2000s Italian films\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Hatton railway station (Sri Lanka)
|
{
"id": [
46469420
],
"name": [
"OpalYosutebito"
]
}
|
d2n0oovkfdhlvbzsc5wzyrxd0zy6z54
|
2024-09-02T18:39:08Z
| 1,242,166,301 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Timetable",
"Continuity",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Hatton Station** is a [railway station](/wiki/Railway_station \"Railway station\") on the [Main](/wiki/Main_Line_%28Sri_Lanka%29 \"Main Line (Sri Lanka)\") ([Colombo](/wiki/Colombo \"Colombo\")\\-[Badulla](/wiki/Badulla \"Badulla\")) railway line in [Sri Lanka](/wiki/Sri_Lanka \"Sri Lanka\"). It is situated between [Rozella](/wiki/Rozella%2C_Sri_Lanka \"Rozella, Sri Lanka\") and [Kotagala](/wiki/Kotagala \"Kotagala\") railway stations. It is along the railway line from the [Colombo Fort Railway Station](/wiki/Fort_Railway_Station_%28Colombo%29 \"Fort Railway Station (Colombo)\") at an elevation of about above sea level.\n\nThe Hatton railway station was opened on 4 June 1884 when the main line was extended from [Nawalapitiya](/wiki/Nawalapitiya \"Nawalapitiya\") to Hatton. The station was the terminus of the main line until the line was extended to Nanu\\-Oya on 20 May 1885\\. The station has a reservation and train enquiry section, ticket office, cloak room, waiting hall, book stall, tea stall, toilet blocks and catering area together with a public car parking area.\n\nThe railway station has four platforms but normally only three of the platforms serve rail passengers. Platform No. 1 caters for trains to Badulla that come from [Colombo Fort](/wiki/Colombo_Fort_railway_station \"Colombo Fort railway station\") or Kandy whilst platform No. 2 is used for down trains which is to Nawalapitiya, Kandy, and to Colombo Fort that trains come from Badulla or Haputale. All trains that run on the main line stop at Hatton and the station handles a total of twelve trains daily. \n\nHatton railway station is the busiest railway station in the [Nuwara Eliya District](/wiki/Nuwara_Eliya_District \"Nuwara Eliya District\") and the second\\-busiest railway station in the Central Province. Approximately 1 million passengers use the station during the pilgrimage period to [Adam's Peak](/wiki/Adam%27s_Peak \"Adam's Peak\") (Sri Pada) (which begins in December and ends in May). The station provides a large waiting room, located outside of the station, especially for visitors/pilgrims to Adams Peak. This facility is only open during the pilgrimage season. The Sri Lanka Transport Board also manages a joint railway\\-bus service for pilgrims.\n\n",
"Timetable\n---------\n\nRefer the Sri Lanka Railways website for Time Table. ([http://www.eservices.railway.gov.lk/schedule/homeAction.action?lang\\=en](http://www.eservices.railway.gov.lk/schedule/homeAction.action?lang=en))\n\n",
"Continuity\n----------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Railway stations in Nuwara Eliya District](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Nuwara_Eliya_District \"Railway stations in Nuwara Eliya District\")\n[Category:Railway stations on the Main Line (Sri Lanka)](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_on_the_Main_Line_%28Sri_Lanka%29 \"Railway stations on the Main Line (Sri Lanka)\")\n[Category:Railway stations in Sri Lanka opened in 1884](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Sri_Lanka_opened_in_1884 \"Railway stations in Sri Lanka opened in 1884\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Speiser
|
{
"id": [
754619
],
"name": [
"BrownHairedGirl"
]
}
|
dgiybovnz8b9dxnp5pxu87cqg77edot
|
2022-06-09T19:17:42Z
| 1,070,520,663 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Speiser** is a German and Yiddish surname. Notable people with the surname include:\n\n* [Ambros Speiser](/wiki/Ambros_Speiser \"Ambros Speiser\") (1922–2003\\), Swiss engineer and scientist\n* [Andreas Speiser](/wiki/Andreas_Speiser \"Andreas Speiser\") (1885–1970\\), Swiss mathematician\n* [Elisabeth Speiser](/wiki/Elisabeth_Speiser \"Elisabeth Speiser\") (born 1940\\), Swiss operatic soprano\n* [Eliyahu Speiser](/wiki/Eliyahu_Speiser \"Eliyahu Speiser\") (1930–2009\\), Israeli politician\n* [Ephraim Avigdor Speiser](/wiki/Ephraim_Avigdor_Speiser \"Ephraim Avigdor Speiser\") (1902–1965\\), American Assyriologist\n* [Felix Speiser](/wiki/Felix_Speiser \"Felix Speiser\") (1880–1949\\), Swiss ethnologist\n* [Jerry Speiser](/wiki/Jerry_Speiser \"Jerry Speiser\") (born 1953\\), Australian drummer\n* [Markus Speiser](/wiki/Markus_Speiser \"Markus Speiser\") (born 1985\\), Austrian footballer\n* [Paul Gustav Eduard Speiser](/wiki/Paul_Gustav_Eduard_Speiser \"Paul Gustav Eduard Speiser\") (1877–1945\\), German entomologist\n* [Paul Speiser](/wiki/Paul_Speiser \"Paul Speiser\") (1846–1935\\), Swiss politician\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Speiser Shale](/wiki/Speiser_Shale \"Speiser Shale\"), a geologic formation in Kansas, United States\n* *[Speiser v. Randall](/wiki/Speiser_v._Randall \"Speiser v. Randall\")*, a United States Supreme Court case\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:German\\-language surnames](/wiki/Category:German-language_surnames \"German-language surnames\")\n[Category:Yiddish\\-language surnames](/wiki/Category:Yiddish-language_surnames \"Yiddish-language surnames\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Journey in North America
|
{
"id": [
37991216
],
"name": [
"1ctinus"
]
}
|
mvw9q8bs96985vv5c40hov9hn0zm9et
|
2024-06-05T01:43:48Z
| 1,188,490,058 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Publication",
"Content",
"Point of view",
"Style",
"Reactions",
"Editions",
"References",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Journey in North America*** (original Hungarian title: *Utazás Észak\\-Amerikában*) is a book by [Sándor Bölöni Farkas](/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_B%C3%B6l%C3%B6ni_Farkas \"Sándor Bölöni Farkas\") published in 1834\\. The author, travelling in the [United States of America](/wiki/United_States_of_America \"United States of America\") ([New York](/wiki/New_York_%28state%29 \"New York (state)\"), [Massachusetts](/wiki/Massachusetts \"Massachusetts\"), [New Hampshire](/wiki/New_Hampshire \"New Hampshire\"), [Vermont](/wiki/Vermont \"Vermont\"), [Pennsylvania](/wiki/Pennsylvania \"Pennsylvania\"), [Ohio](/wiki/Ohio \"Ohio\"), [Maryland](/wiki/Maryland \"Maryland\") and [New Jersey](/wiki/New_Jersey \"New Jersey\")) and in [Canada](/wiki/Canada \"Canada\") ([Québec](/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec \"Québec\") and [Ontario](/wiki/Ontario \"Ontario\")) paid special attention to the social relations of these countries, which he put as an example to the [feudalistic](/wiki/Feudalism \"Feudalism\") [Hungary](/wiki/Hungary \"Hungary\") of that time.\n\nThe book was a big success in the [Hungarian Reform Era](/wiki/Hungarian_Reform_Era \"Hungarian Reform Era\"), being read by the young reformers of the parliament of 1832–36 at [Pozsony](/wiki/Bratislava \"Bratislava\"). [István Széchenyi](/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Sz%C3%A9chenyi \"István Széchenyi\") expressed his thanks to the author in a letter, calling his work the most useful and most beautiful gift. In 1835 the book was banned and could be read only by special permission. The book inspired several young reformers ([Ferenc Pulszky](/wiki/Ferenc_Pulszky \"Ferenc Pulszky\"), [Ágoston Trefort](/wiki/%C3%81goston_Trefort \"Ágoston Trefort\"), [László Szalay](/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Szalay \"László Szalay\"), Pál Hunfalvy, [Bertalan Szemere](/wiki/Bertalan_Szemere \"Bertalan Szemere\"), [István Gorove](/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Gorove \"István Gorove\"), Lőrinc Tóth, József Irinyi) to travel and to write about their experiences abroad.\n\n",
"Publication\n-----------\n\nIn 1830–1831, the author, as the secretary of Count Ferenc Béldi, travelled to Western Europe, the United States of America, and Canada. He prepared for the trip by reading up on the geography, economy and laws of the respective countries, and he studied their languages. In his book, he cites about fifty of the journals, books, statistical publications and political writings he read before and during his journey.Jancsó 1942: p. 420‑434\\.; Simon\\-Szabó 2012: p. 424\\.\n\nAfter his return, he finished his book at the end of 1833 and the beginning of 1834 and sent it to his friends [Gábor Döbrentei](/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_D%C3%B6brentei \"Gábor Döbrentei\") and [Miklós Wesselényi](/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Wessel%C3%A9nyi \"Miklós Wesselényi\"). On the advice of friends, he tried to publish it in [Leipzig](/wiki/Leipzig \"Leipzig\"). Still, on December 20, 1833, he got the answer that the German censors were told to stop at the border every Hungarian book published abroad, to examine, and give it back to the owner only if the content was not subject to censorship. As this procedure could take more than half a year, it represented a financial risk to the publisher, who did not want to tie up his capital and risk losing it.Jancsó 1942: p. 434–435\\. Therefore, the author asked permission from the [Transylvanian](/wiki/Transylvania \"Transylvania\") censorship office which he considered more lenient. The censorship office asked the opinion of Sámuel Méhes, a [Calvinist](/wiki/Calvinist \"Calvinist\") professor, who, after reading the book, asked that an additional censor be appointed. The Catholic bishop Miklós Kovács, responsible for the censorship, named the Catholic abbot János Szabó from the [Kolozsmonostor Abbey](/wiki/Kolozsmonostor_Abbey \"Kolozsmonostor Abbey\"). These two censors deleted some parts of the text and declared the work eligible to be published.Tardy 1986: p. 535–536\\.\n\nOn April 24, 1834, Bölöni Farkas agreed with the bookseller János Tilsch to publish the book with the following conditions: the fee for the author would be 260 silver [forints](/wiki/Forint \"Forint\"), half of which payable at the beginning of printing, the other half at the end of it – latest in August; maximum 1,100 copies could be printed, of which 25 were to be given to the author; the book could not be sold for a price higher than two forints; and the name of the author could not be posted outside the bookshop.Jakab 1870: p. 297\\. The printing was executed between 30 June and 25 July 1834, and for the second edition between 2 and 23 March 1835\\.Tardy 1986: p. 534\\.\n\nIn September 1835, the Government of Transylvania received the list of prohibited books in which the work of Bölöni Farkas was classified as \"readable only by special permission.\" The author commented in his diary: \"Great honour for my work! After all, it might contain something which had an effect. But it's too late \\- I assume the poison has had its effect, and it will only worsen with the prohibition.\"Jakab 1870: p. 295\\.; Bölöni 1971: p. 89–90\n\n[Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria\\-Este](/wiki/Archduke_Ferdinand_Karl_Joseph_of_Austria-Este \"Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este\"), governor of Transylvania, started an investigation on 26 April 1836 at the command of the Habsburg emperor to determine how the publishing of the work had been possible under the control of the Transylvanian Censorship. Bishop Miklós Kovács argued that the prohibition arrived only on 25 November 1835, and the censors were informed about it on 11 December. Professor Sámuel Méhes stated that he executed several deletions in the text, and the final approval was given by the censorship office. Abbot János Szabó excused himself, saying that he read only the parts proposed for deletion by Professor Méhes and, on that basis, gave his opinion to the office. The investigation had no consequence to the author.Jakab 1870: p. 295\\.; Tardy 1986: p. 533–538\\.\n\n",
"Content\n-------\n\n[thumb\\|250px\\|The approximative route](/wiki/File:B%C3%B6l%C3%B6ni_Farkas_journey_1831.svg \"Bölöni Farkas journey 1831.svg\")\nThe first two chapters describe briefly the travel to Western Europe and the crossing of the ocean. From the third chapter on, the events of the journey are presented together with the description and history of the notable places visited and a specific social or economic issue. Several statistical data are presented as well. The author constantly compares the United States with his own country; for example, when arriving in [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\"), he realizes two important differences: no [passport](/wiki/Passport \"Passport\") needed to enter the States and the [customs](/wiki/Customs \"Customs\") officer accepts the declaration of the traveller and does not check the luggage. The description is completed in some cases by the translation of documents: chapter 8 contains the [Declaration of Independence](/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence \"United States Declaration of Independence\"), chapter 13 the [Constitution of New Hampshire](/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Hampshire \"Constitution of New Hampshire\"), and chapter 25 [Article Two of the United States Constitution](/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution \"Article Two of the United States Constitution\"). The content of each chapter is shown in the table below. The 29th (last) chapter describes the trip back to Europe.\n\n| Chapter | State | Place | Sights | Other issues |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 3\\. | [New York](/wiki/New_York_%28state%29 \"New York (state)\") | [New York](/wiki/New_York_%28state%29 \"New York (state)\") | [Broadway](/wiki/Broadway_%28Manhattan%29 \"Broadway (Manhattan)\"), [City Hall](/wiki/New_York_City_Hall \"New York City Hall\") | conditions for entering the country, idea of [equality](/wiki/Egalitarianism \"Egalitarianism\"), public associations, [school](/wiki/School \"School\") system, lack of [noble](/wiki/Nobility \"Nobility\") class |\n| 4\\. | New York | New York | [New York Harbor](/wiki/New_York_Harbor \"New York Harbor\") | number of [steamboats](/wiki/Steamboat \"Steamboat\") |\n| 4\\. | New York | [Sing Sing](/wiki/Sing_Sing \"Sing Sing\") | prison | |\n| 4\\. | New York | [Peekskill](/wiki/Peekskill%2C_New_York \"Peekskill, New York\") | | number of newspapers, the role of press, [invention of steamboat](/wiki/Robert_Fulton \"Robert Fulton\") |\n| 5\\. | New York | [West Point](/wiki/West_Point%2C_New_York \"West Point, New York\") | military school | educational system |\n| 5\\. | New York | [Albany](/wiki/Albany%2C_New_York \"Albany, New York\") | [New York State Capitol](/wiki/New_York_State_Capitol \"New York State Capitol\"), [Erie Canal](/wiki/Erie_Canal \"Erie Canal\") | jurisdiction, cause of population increase |\n| 6\\. | New York | [New Lebanon](/wiki/New_Lebanon%2C_New_York \"New Lebanon, New York\") | | [Shakers](/wiki/Shakers \"Shakers\") and [Methodists](/wiki/Methodism \"Methodism\") |\n| 7\\. | [Massachusetts](/wiki/Massachusetts \"Massachusetts\") | | | the first colonists, the [Tea Act](/wiki/Tea_Act \"Tea Act\") and [Boston Tea Party](/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party \"Boston Tea Party\"), the [battles of Lexington and Concord](/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord \"Battles of Lexington and Concord\") |\n| 8\\. | Massachusetts | [Amherst](/wiki/Amherst%2C_Massachusetts \"Amherst, Massachusetts\") | [college](/wiki/Amherst_College \"Amherst College\") and academy | lodging houses, the [Declaration of Independence](/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence \"United States Declaration of Independence\") |\n| 9\\. | Massachusetts | [Boston](/wiki/Boston \"Boston\") | [Boston Athenæum](/wiki/Boston_Athen%C3%A6um \"Boston Athenæum\"), City Hall, [harbour](/wiki/Boston_Harbor \"Boston Harbor\") | social behaviour, shipbuilding, [siege of Boston](/wiki/Siege_of_Boston \"Siege of Boston\") |\n| 10\\. | Massachusetts | [Charlestown](/wiki/Charlestown%2C_Boston \"Charlestown, Boston\") | prison | prison system |\n| 11\\. | Massachusetts | [Cambridge](/wiki/Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts \"Cambridge, Massachusetts\") | [Harvard University](/wiki/Harvard_University \"Harvard University\") | schools, theological seminaries |\n| 12\\. | Massachusetts | [Lowell](/wiki/Lowell%2C_Massachusetts \"Lowell, Massachusetts\") | textile factory | travel books about America, religions |\n| 13\\. | [New Hampshire](/wiki/New_Hampshire \"New Hampshire\") | [Concord](/wiki/Concord%2C_New_Hampshire \"Concord, New Hampshire\") | | [Constitution of New Hampshire](/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Hampshire \"Constitution of New Hampshire\") |\n| 14\\. | [Vermont](/wiki/Vermont \"Vermont\") | [Montpelier](/wiki/Montpelier%2C_Vermont \"Montpelier, Vermont\") | | The population of the United States by states (1830\\) |\n| 14\\. | [Quebec](/wiki/Quebec \"Quebec\") | [La Prairie](/wiki/La_Prairie%2C_Quebec \"La Prairie, Quebec\") | monastery of the grey nuns | |\n| 15\\. | Quebec | [Montreal](/wiki/Montreal \"Montreal\") | | |\n| 15\\. | Quebec | [Quebec City](/wiki/Quebec_City \"Quebec City\") | [Citadelle of Quebec](/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec \"Citadelle of Quebec\") | government, economy and population of Canada |\n| 15\\. | Quebec | [Saint Lawrence River](/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River \"Saint Lawrence River\") | | [indigenous peoples of the Americas](/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas \"Indigenous peoples of the Americas\"), [emigration](/wiki/Emigration \"Emigration\") |\n| 15\\. | [Ontario](/wiki/Ontario \"Ontario\") | [Lake Ontario](/wiki/Lake_Ontario \"Lake Ontario\") | | |\n| 15\\. | Ontario | [York](/wiki/York%2C_Upper_Canada \"York, Upper Canada\") | | British benefits for settlers in Canada |\n| 16\\. | Ontario / New York | [Niagara Falls](/wiki/Niagara_Falls \"Niagara Falls\") | [Goat Island](/wiki/Goat_Island_%28New_York%29 \"Goat Island (New York)\") | |\n| 17\\. | New York | [Buffalo](/wiki/Buffalo%2C_New_York \"Buffalo, New York\") | | condition of the indigenous people, population, reservations; life of [Lafayette](/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier%2C_Marquis_de_Lafayette \"Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette\") |\n| 18\\. | New York | [Lake Erie](/wiki/Lake_Erie \"Lake Erie\"), [Dunkirk](/wiki/Dunkirk%2C_New_York \"Dunkirk, New York\") | | |\n| 18\\. | [Pennsylvania](/wiki/Pennsylvania \"Pennsylvania\") | [Erie](/wiki/Erie%2C_Pennsylvania \"Erie, Pennsylvania\") | | freedom of religion, various faiths |\n| 19\\. | Pennsylvania | [Springfield](/wiki/Springfield_Township%2C_Erie_County%2C_Pennsylvania \"Springfield Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania\") (Erie County) | | electoral system |\n| 19\\. | [Ohio](/wiki/Ohio \"Ohio\") | | | newspaper distribution, population of [Cincinnati](/wiki/Cincinnati \"Cincinnati\") |\n| 19\\. | Pennsylvania | | | number of steamboats on the [Ohio River](/wiki/Ohio_River \"Ohio River\") |\n| 20\\. | Pennsylvania | [Economy](/wiki/Economy%2C_Pennsylvania \"Economy, Pennsylvania\") | textile factory, museum | [Harmony Society](/wiki/Harmony_Society \"Harmony Society\"), [George Rapp](/wiki/George_Rapp \"George Rapp\"), movement of [Robert Owen](/wiki/Robert_Owen \"Robert Owen\") |\n| 21\\. | Pennsylvania | [Pittsburgh](/wiki/Pittsburgh \"Pittsburgh\") | factories, bridges | |\n| 21\\. | [Maryland](/wiki/Maryland \"Maryland\") | | | [slavery in the United States](/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States \"Slavery in the United States\") |\n| 22\\. | Maryland | [Baltimore](/wiki/Baltimore \"Baltimore\") | [Washington Monument](/wiki/Washington_Monument_%28Baltimore%29 \"Washington Monument (Baltimore)\") | libraries, railway, [black people](/wiki/African_Americans \"African Americans\") |\n| 23\\. | District of Columbia | [Washington, D.C.](/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C. \"Washington, D.C.\") | [United States Capitol](/wiki/United_States_Capitol \"United States Capitol\"), [White House](/wiki/White_House \"White House\") | |\n| 24\\. | District of Columbia | Washington, D.C. | White House | [Andrew Jackson](/wiki/Andrew_Jackson \"Andrew Jackson\"); the legal status and powers of the [president of the United States](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") and of the [United States Congress](/wiki/United_States_Congress \"United States Congress\") |\n| 25\\. | | | | [budget of the United States](/wiki/United_States_federal_budget \"United States federal budget\"), [Armed Forces](/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces \"United States Armed Forces\") and [National Guard](/wiki/National_Guard_%28United_States%29 \"National Guard (United States)\"), [Fleet](/wiki/United_States_Fleet \"United States Fleet\") |\n| 26\\. | [Virginia](/wiki/Virginia \"Virginia\") | [Mount Vernon](/wiki/Mount_Vernon \"Mount Vernon\") | Washington's Tomb | [John Smith](/wiki/John_Smith_%28explorer%29 \"John Smith (explorer)\") and [Pocahontas](/wiki/Pocahontas \"Pocahontas\") |\n| 27\\. | Maryland | [Baltimore](/wiki/Baltimore \"Baltimore\") | | horse races |\n| 28\\. | Pennsylvania | [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\") | banks, [City Hall](/wiki/Old_City_Hall_%28Philadelphia%29 \"Old City Hall (Philadelphia)\"), museum, [Philadelphia Mint](/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint \"Philadelphia Mint\") | philanthropic and scientific associations; hydroelectric power plant; [Quakers](/wiki/Quakers \"Quakers\"), statistical data about different confessions |\n|\n\n",
"Point of view\n-------------\n\nThe work, which appeared before [Alexis de Tocqueville](/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville \"Alexis de Tocqueville\")'s *[Democracy in America](/wiki/Democracy_in_America \"Democracy in America\")* (*La Démocratie en Amérique*, 1835–39\\) in most cases idealizes American society as one based on social equality and justice, the realization of the ideas of [Classical liberalism](/wiki/Classical_liberalism \"Classical liberalism\"), an example worth following. The praise of American society is at once a critique of the Hungarian one. Bölöni Farkas attributes great importance to public education, to the press and [non\\-governmental organizations](/wiki/Non-governmental_organization \"Non-governmental organization\").Fenyő 1964: p. 604\\.; Sőtér 1964: vol III. p. 575\\.; Gellén 1976: p. 29\\. and 34–35\\.\n\nIn some cases, Bölöni included his liberal thoughts as if they were translations, probably to evade censorship. An example is the speech on the freedom of religion attributed in chapter 18 to President [Monroe](/wiki/James_Monroe \"James Monroe\"). In several cases, he showed his [Republicanist](/wiki/Republicanism \"Republicanism\") views. He considered the [utopian socialist](/wiki/Utopian_socialism \"Utopian socialism\") experiment of the [Harmony Society](/wiki/Harmony_Society \"Harmony Society\") in [Economy, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Economy%2C_Pennsylvania \"Economy, Pennsylvania\") strange but appreciated the altruism that created it.Sőtér 1964: vol. III. p. 575\\.; Simon\\-Szabó 2011: p. 211\\.; Simon\\-Szabó 2012: p. 428\\.\n\nHe attacked [slavery](/wiki/Slavery \"Slavery\") vehemently and had bitter words about the treatment of the [indigenous people](/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas \"Indigenous peoples of the Americas\"). Similar to Tocqueville, he concluded that freeing the slaves in the future would result in racial conflicts.Sőtér 1964: vol. III. p. 575\\.; Gellén 1976: p. 36–38\n\n",
"Style\n-----\n\nThe part about Europe is like a diary characterized by the chronological enumeration of the facts. In contrast, the American part is dominated by a thematic approach for which the author used several sources of statistical data.Maller 1984: p. 85\\.; Simon\\-Szabó 2012: p. 423\\. The style of the book is characterized by the flexibility of the live speech. In an effort to meet readers' expectations, he did not use foreign words, replacing them in some cases with Hungarian expressions of his invention. Next to expressions describing things specific to America, he showed the original English names in parentheses.Jancsó 1942: p. 424\\.; Maller 1984: p. 85–86\\.; Simon\\-Szabó 2012: p. 426\\. The descriptions are sometimes coloured by [romantic](/wiki/Romanticism \"Romanticism\") elements (e.g., the [Falls of the Braan](/wiki/Falls_of_the_Braan \"Falls of the Braan\") in Scotland, the storm on the ocean, Niagara Falls).Maller 1984: p. 58\\.; Simon\\-Szabó 2012: p. 427\\. Speaking about American society his style is enthusiastic.Gellén 1976: p. 28\\.\n\n",
"Reactions\n---------\n\nThe book was a huge success: the 1,100 copies of the first edition were soon sold out, and in a short time, it had another two editions. In the library of the [Kolozsvár](/wiki/Cluj \"Cluj\") Unitarian College, which was open to the public as well, it was the most borrowed book. It was read by the students at the [Eastern Catholic](/wiki/Eastern_Catholic \"Eastern Catholic\") theological seminary in [Balázsfalva](/wiki/Blaj \"Blaj\") as well. The journal *Jelenkor* published the part about [George Washington](/wiki/George_Washington \"George Washington\") and his home and recommended the book to the readers in a special note. On 10 September 1834, [István Széchenyi](/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Sz%C3%A9chenyi \"István Széchenyi\") wrote a letter to the author, in which he called the *Journey* his most useful and most beautiful gift and thanked the author for it. For the politicians of the [Hungarian Reform Era](/wiki/Hungarian_Reform_Era \"Hungarian Reform Era\"), it served as a handbook; among others, [Lajos Kossuth](/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth \"Lajos Kossuth\") was reading it, and it was widely known by the young reformers of the 1832–36 parliament at [Pozsony](/wiki/Bratislava \"Bratislava\"). A bit later, the young [Balázs Orbán](/wiki/Bal%C3%A1zs_Orb%C3%A1n \"Balázs Orbán\") knew it almost by heart.Sőtér 1964: vol. III. p. 574\\.; Mikó 1976: p. 429\\.; Szabolcsi 1979: vol. I. p. 379\\.; Maller 1984: p. 79–80\\.; Lakó 1996: p. 60\\.; Berényi 2004: p. 118\\.; Simon\\-Szabó 2011: p. 209\\.\n\nOn 8 November 1834, the author was elected a corresponding member of the [Hungarian Academy of Sciences](/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences \"Hungarian Academy of Sciences\"), and in 1835, he was given the Academic Prize for the best book of the year.Jakab 1870: p. 298\\.\n\nFrom the few contemporary critics, Canon Károly Somogyi took exception not to the book itself but the ideas of the religious [sects](/wiki/Sect \"Sect\") presented in it. In 1842, the advocate István Éllássy attacked the author, asking, \"How far will the venom of reformism drag the nation if the followers of the vainglorious North American traveller are permitted to impact the essence of the country's laws?\"Maller 1984: p. 83\\.\n\nThe travel of Bölöni Farkas ‑ together with the travel of [Miklós Wesselényi](/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Wessel%C3%A9nyi \"Miklós Wesselényi\") to England in 1822 ‑ encouraged several young reformers to travel and to write about their experiences abroad [Ferenc Pulszky](/wiki/Ferenc_Pulszky \"Ferenc Pulszky\") (*Uti vázolatok,* 1836\\), [Ágoston Trefort](/wiki/%C3%81goston_Trefort \"Ágoston Trefort\") (*Utazási töredékek,* 1836\\), [László Szalay](/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Szalay \"László Szalay\") (*Uti naplómból,* 1839\\), Pál Hunfalvy (*Drezdai levelek,* 1839\\), [Bertalan Szemere](/wiki/Bertalan_Szemere \"Bertalan Szemere\") (*Utazás külföldön,* 1840\\), [István Gorove](/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Gorove \"István Gorove\") (*Nyugat,* 1844\\), Lőrinc Tóth (*Uti tárcza,* 1844\\), József Irinyi (*Német\\-, francia\\- és angolországi úti jegyzetek,* 1846\\). They primarily described the social, legal and economic systems and not the geography or art history of the respective countries.Sőtér 1964: vol. III. p. 576–578\\.; Szabolcsi 1979: vol. I. p. 510–512\\.\n\nAfter its initial success, the book was republished only one hundred years later, in 1935, followed by three additional editions, the last appearing in 1984 in 8,500 copies.\n\n",
"Editions\n--------\n\n* *Utazás Észak\\-Amerikában*. Kolozsvár: Ifj. Tilsch János. 1834\\.\n* *Utazás Észak\\-Amerikában*. Kolozsvár: Evangélikus Református Kollégium. 1834\\.\n* *Utazás Észak\\-Amerikában*. Kolozsvár: Tilsch János. 1835\\.\n* *Utazás Észak\\-Amerikában*. Kolozsvár: Orient Könyvnyomda. 1935\\. Kiss Elek előszavával.\n* *Utazás Észak\\-Amerikában*. Budapest: Officina. 1943\\. Szerk. és bevezető Remenyik Zsigmond.\n* *Utazás Észak\\-Amerikában*. Bukarest: Irodalmi. 1966\\. Sajtó alá rend., bev, jegyz. Benkő Samu.\n* *Utazás Észak\\-Amerikában*. Kolozsvár: Dacia. 1970\\. Tanulók Könyvtára sorozat. Bev., jegyz. Mikó Imre.\n* *Journey in North America*. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 120\\. Philadelphia, 1977\\. Trans., ed. by Theodore Schönemann and Helen Schönemann.\n* *Journey in North America*, 1831\\. Santa Barbara: ABC\\-CLIO. 1978\\. Trans., ed. by Arpad Kadarkay. \n* *Von Transsylvanien bis Pennsylvanien. Reiseerlebnisse vor 150 Jahren*. Gyoma: Corvina. 1980\\. Übers. v. Henriette Engl, Géza Engl. \n* *Napnyugati utazás, napló*. (1835\\-1836\\). Budapest: Helikon. 1984\\. Vál., szerk., bev. tanulmány Maller Sándor, sajtó alá rend. Benkő Samu. \n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n* via JSTOR (registration necessary)\n[Category:Hungarian books](/wiki/Category:Hungarian_books \"Hungarian books\")\n[Category:19th century in Hungary](/wiki/Category:19th_century_in_Hungary \"19th century in Hungary\")\n\n"
]
}
|
2015 European Weightlifting Championships
|
{
"id": [
46552541
],
"name": [
"Miioma"
]
}
|
b0kmqvp3sximyv6uu5el8gsgccuzs7l
|
2023-09-15T06:53:16Z
| 1,175,464,697 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Medals tables",
"Medal overview",
"Men",
"Women",
"Participating countries",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
" \n\nThe **2015 [European Weightlifting Championships](/wiki/European_Weightlifting_Championships \"European Weightlifting Championships\")** were held in [Tbilisi](/wiki/Tbilisi \"Tbilisi\"), [Georgia](/wiki/Georgia_%28country%29 \"Georgia (country)\") from 10 April to 18 April 2015\\.\n\n",
"Medals tables\n-------------\n\nRanking by \"Big\" (Total result) medals\n\nRanking by all medals: \"Big\" (Total result) and \"Small\" (Snatch and Clean\\&Jerk)\n\n",
"Medal overview\n--------------\n\n### Men\n\n| Event | |**Gold** **Silver** | | **Bronze** | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|– 56 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 118 kg | | 118 kg | | 114 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 151 kg | | 146 kg | | 141 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 264 kg | | 259 kg | | 259 kg ||– 62 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 135 kg | | 134 kg | | 134 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 160 kg | | 156 kg | | 155 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 295 kg | | 288 kg | | 287 kg ||– 69 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 156 kg | | 146 kg | | 146 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 181 kg | | 176 kg | | 175 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 337 kg | | 322 kg | | 321 kg ||– 77 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 164 kg | | 160 kg | | 160 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 192 kg | | 191 kg | | 191 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 351 kg | | 351 kg | | 350 kg ||– 85 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 172 kg | | 166 kg | | 165 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 202 kg | | 198 kg | | 197 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 367 kg | | 362 kg | | 361 kg ||– 94 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 182 kg | | 180 kg | | 178 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 221 kg | | 219 kg | | 209 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 403 kg | | 399 kg | | 386 kg ||– 105 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 185 kg | | 183 kg | | 181 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 227 kg | | 223 kg | | 221 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 408 kg | | 399 kg | | 398 kg ||\\+ 105 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 201 kg | | 193 kg | | 189 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 234 kg | | 230 kg | | 228 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 435 kg | | 418 kg | | 417 kg |\n\n### Women\n\n| Event | |**Gold** **Silver** | | **Bronze** | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|– 48 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 81 kg | | 80 kg | | 80 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 99 kg | | 98 kg | | 98 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 179 kg | | 176 kg | | 174 kg ||– 53 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 90 kg | | 83 kg | | 83 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 110 kg | | 109 kg | | 103 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 200 kg | | 186 kg | | 184 kg ||– 58 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 109 kg ER | | 93 kg | | 91 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 137 kg ER | | 114 kg | | 113 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 246 kg ER | | 205 kg | | 202 kg ||– 63 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 106 kg | | 105 kg | | 97 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 132 kg | | 118 kg | | 117 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 238 kg | | 223 kg | | 214 kg ||– 69 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 115 kg | | 105 kg | | 105 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 140 kg | | 130 kg | | 130 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 255 kg | | 235 kg | | 233 kg ||– 75 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 118 kg | | 117 kg | | 111 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 145 kg | | 137 kg | | 133 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 263 kg | | 248 kg | | 247 kg ||\\+ 75 kg\n\n Snatch |\n 142 kg | | 126 kg | | 120 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | 180 kg | | 154 kg | | 141 kg |\n\n Total |\n 322 kg | | 280 kg | | 261 kg |\n",
"### Men\n\n| Event | |**Gold** **Silver** | | **Bronze** | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|– 56 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 118 kg | | 118 kg | | 114 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 151 kg | | 146 kg | | 141 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 264 kg | | 259 kg | | 259 kg ||– 62 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 135 kg | | 134 kg | | 134 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 160 kg | | 156 kg | | 155 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 295 kg | | 288 kg | | 287 kg ||– 69 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 156 kg | | 146 kg | | 146 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 181 kg | | 176 kg | | 175 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 337 kg | | 322 kg | | 321 kg ||– 77 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 164 kg | | 160 kg | | 160 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 192 kg | | 191 kg | | 191 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 351 kg | | 351 kg | | 350 kg ||– 85 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 172 kg | | 166 kg | | 165 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 202 kg | | 198 kg | | 197 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 367 kg | | 362 kg | | 361 kg ||– 94 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 182 kg | | 180 kg | | 178 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 221 kg | | 219 kg | | 209 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 403 kg | | 399 kg | | 386 kg ||– 105 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 185 kg | | 183 kg | | 181 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 227 kg | | 223 kg | | 221 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 408 kg | | 399 kg | | 398 kg ||\\+ 105 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 201 kg | | 193 kg | | 189 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 234 kg | | 230 kg | | 228 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 435 kg | | 418 kg | | 417 kg |\n",
"### Women\n\n| Event | |**Gold** **Silver** | | **Bronze** | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|– 48 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 81 kg | | 80 kg | | 80 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 99 kg | | 98 kg | | 98 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 179 kg | | 176 kg | | 174 kg ||– 53 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 90 kg | | 83 kg | | 83 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 110 kg | | 109 kg | | 103 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 200 kg | | 186 kg | | 184 kg ||– 58 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 109 kg ER | | 93 kg | | 91 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 137 kg ER | | 114 kg | | 113 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 246 kg ER | | 205 kg | | 202 kg ||– 63 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 106 kg | | 105 kg | | 97 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 132 kg | | 118 kg | | 117 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 238 kg | | 223 kg | | 214 kg ||– 69 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 115 kg | | 105 kg | | 105 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 140 kg | | 130 kg | | 130 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 255 kg | | 235 kg | | 233 kg ||– 75 kg\n\n Snatch |\n | 118 kg | | 117 kg | | 111 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | | 145 kg | | 137 kg | | 133 kg |\n\n Total |\n | 263 kg | | 248 kg | | 247 kg ||\\+ 75 kg\n\n Snatch |\n 142 kg | | 126 kg | | 120 kg |\n| Clean \\& Jerk | 180 kg | | 154 kg | | 141 kg |\n\n Total |\n 322 kg | | 280 kg | | 261 kg |\n",
"Participating countries\n-----------------------\n\nList of participating countries. In total 38 countries participate in this championships.\n* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](https://web.archive.org/web/20150417065821/http://ewfed.com/news_det.php?id=80)\n* [Results](https://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=313) \n\n[Category:European Weightlifting Championships](/wiki/Category:European_Weightlifting_Championships \"European Weightlifting Championships\")\n[Category:International sports competitions hosted by Georgia (country)](/wiki/Category:International_sports_competitions_hosted_by_Georgia_%28country%29 \"International sports competitions hosted by Georgia (country)\")\n[Category:2015 in Georgian sport](/wiki/Category:2015_in_Georgian_sport \"2015 in Georgian sport\")\n[Category:Sports competitions in Tbilisi](/wiki/Category:Sports_competitions_in_Tbilisi \"Sports competitions in Tbilisi\")\n[Category:2015 in weightlifting](/wiki/Category:2015_in_weightlifting \"2015 in weightlifting\")\n[Category:Weightlifting in Georgia (country)](/wiki/Category:Weightlifting_in_Georgia_%28country%29 \"Weightlifting in Georgia (country)\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Calothamnus blepharospermus
|
{
"id": [
44217690
],
"name": [
"Panamitsu"
]
}
|
moe49fi0o7tsiqorh09d7msetuqn4o4
|
2024-07-31T08:02:57Z
| 1,184,078,025 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Description",
"Taxonomy and naming",
"Distribution and habitat",
"Conservation status",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + - \n\n***Calothamnus blepharospermus*** is a plant in the myrtle [family](/wiki/Family_%28biology%29 \"Family (biology)\"), [Myrtaceae](/wiki/Myrtaceae \"Myrtaceae\") and is [endemic](/wiki/Endemism \"Endemism\") to the west coast of Western Australia. It is an upright, spreading, bushy shrub with red flowers in summer. It grows in sandy soil in scrubby country called [kwongan](/wiki/Kwongan \"Kwongan\"). (In 2014 [Craven](/wiki/Lyndley_Craven \"Lyndley Craven\"), Edwards and Cowley proposed that the species be renamed *Melaleuca blepharosperma*.)\n\n",
"Description\n-----------\n\n*Calothamnus blepharospermus* is a shrub growing to a height of with leaves in length and wide, very narrow egg\\-shaped with the narrow end towards the base, the other end tapering to a sharp point.\n\nThe flowers are red with the stamens arranged in five bundles, each long, the outer surface of the petals, the flower stalk and the [hypanthium](/wiki/Hypanthium \"Hypanthium\") all densely hairy. Flowering occurs in January to February or in July and is followed by fruits which are woody [capsules](/wiki/Capsule_%28botany%29 \"Capsule (botany)\") about long.\n\n",
"Taxonomy and naming\n-------------------\n\n*Calothamnus blepharospermus* was first formally described in 1862 by [Ferdinand von Mueller](/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Mueller \"Ferdinand von Mueller\") from a specimen found \"in desert near the [Murchison River](/wiki/Murchison_River_%28Western_Australia%29 \"Murchison River (Western Australia)\") by [Oldfield](/wiki/Augustus_Frederick_Oldfield \"Augustus Frederick Oldfield\")\". The [specific epithet](/wiki/Botanical_name \"Botanical name\") *blepharospermus* is derived from the Greek words *blepharon* meaning \"eyelid\" and *sperma, spermatos* meaning \"seed\".\n\n",
"Distribution and habitat\n------------------------\n\n*Calothamnus blepharospermus* occurs in the [Geraldton Sandplains](/wiki/Geraldton_Sandplains \"Geraldton Sandplains\"), [Yalgoo](/wiki/Yalgoo_%28biogeographic_region%29 \"Yalgoo (biogeographic region)\") [biogeographic regions](/wiki/IBRA \"IBRA\") where it grows in sand or sandy clay on plains and sand dunes.\n\n",
"Conservation status\n-------------------\n\n*Calothamnus blepharospermus* is classified as \"not threatened\" by the Western Australian Government [Department of Parks and Wildlife](/wiki/Department_of_Parks_and_Wildlife_%28Western_Australia%29 \"Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[blepharospermus](/wiki/Category:Calothamnus \"Calothamnus\")\n[Category:Myrtales of Australia](/wiki/Category:Myrtales_of_Australia \"Myrtales of Australia\")\n[Category:Plants described in 1862](/wiki/Category:Plants_described_in_1862 \"Plants described in 1862\")\n[Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia](/wiki/Category:Endemic_flora_of_Western_Australia \"Endemic flora of Western Australia\")\n[Category:Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller](/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Ferdinand_von_Mueller \"Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller\")\n\n"
]
}
|
2nd Indonesian Choice Awards
|
{
"id": [
548440
],
"name": [
"Philoserf"
]
}
|
6xorkhxypdh2lp54td6b3nfdzjzcja7
|
2020-05-16T22:43:36Z
| 957,083,686 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Voting system",
"Performances",
"Presenters",
"Winners and nominees",
"Music",
"Movie",
"Television",
"Other",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **2nd Indonesian Choice Awards** (Official name: **NET. 2\\.0 presents Indonesian Choice Awards 2015**) was an entertainment industry award ceremony held on 24 May 2015, at the [Indonesia Convention Exhibition](/wiki/Indonesia_Convention_Exhibition \"Indonesia Convention Exhibition\") in [South Tangerang](/wiki/South_Tangerang \"South Tangerang\"), [Banten](/wiki/Banten \"Banten\"). The show was hosted by Sarah Sechan and [David Bayu Danangjaya](/wiki/David_Bayu_Danangjaya \"David Bayu Danangjaya\").\n\nAwards were presented in 11 categories, including a new category, \"Digital Persona of the Year\". The awards ceremony aired live on [NET.](/wiki/NET. \"NET.\") during their second birthday celebration, entitled NET 2\\.0\\.\n\n[Sheila on 7](/wiki/Sheila_on_7 \"Sheila on 7\") was the biggest winner of the night, with three awards for \"Band/Group/Duo of the Year\", \"Album of the Year\" for *[Musim Yang Baik](/wiki/Musim_Yang_Baik \"Musim Yang Baik\")*, and \"Song of the Year\" for \"Lapang Dada\".[ Sheila on 7 was biggest winner and get three awards at 2015 Indonesian Choice Awards](http://radio.mercubuana.ac.id/sheila-on-7-berjaya-memborong-penghargaan-indonesian-choice-awards-2015/) retrieved on 25 May 2015 Other winners included Judika, who won \"Male Singer of the Year\", [Maudy Ayunda](/wiki/Maudy_Ayunda \"Maudy Ayunda\"), who won \"Female Singer of the Year\", Kunto Aji, who won \"Breakthrough of the Year\", etc.\n\nThe conductor, [Addie MS](/wiki/Addie_MS \"Addie MS\"), receiving the special award \"Lifetime Achievement of the Year\" for has been brought good name of Indonesia through music was brought by him.\n\n",
"Voting system\n-------------\n\nVoting for the 2014 Indonesian Choice Awards began on 1 May 2015\\. Members of the public could cast their votes via Twitter or Facebook.\n\n",
"Performances\n------------\n\n| Artist(s) | Song(s) |\n| --- | --- |\n| Main show | | |\n| [Agnez Mo](/wiki/Agnez_Mo \"Agnez Mo\") | \"[Coke Bottle](/wiki/Coke_Bottle \"Coke Bottle\")\" |\n| [Karmin](/wiki/Karmin \"Karmin\") | \"[Brokenhearted](/wiki/Brokenhearted_%28Karmin_song%29 \"Brokenhearted (Karmin song)\")\" |\n| [Iwan Fals](/wiki/Iwan_Fals \"Iwan Fals\") | \"Pesawat Tempur\" |\n| [Demi Lovato](/wiki/Demi_Lovato \"Demi Lovato\") | \"[Let It Go](/wiki/Let_It_Go_%28Disney_song%29 \"Let It Go (Disney song)\")\" |\n| [Agnez Mo](/wiki/Agnez_Mo \"Agnez Mo\")Chloe X | \"Temperature\"\"Matahariku\"\"Shut Em Up\"\"Vroom Vroom\" |\n| [Bunga Citra Lestari](/wiki/Bunga_Citra_Lestari \"Bunga Citra Lestari\") | \"[Shake It Off](/wiki/Shake_It_Off_%28Taylor_Swift_song%29 \"Shake It Off (Taylor Swift song)\")\" |\n| [Iwan Fals](/wiki/Iwan_Fals \"Iwan Fals\") | \"Bongkar\" |\n| [Demi Lovato](/wiki/Demi_Lovato \"Demi Lovato\") | \"[Give Your Heart A Break](/wiki/Give_Your_Heart_A_Break \"Give Your Heart A Break\")\"\"[Heart Attack](/wiki/Heart_Attack_%28Demi_Lovato_song%29 \"Heart Attack (Demi Lovato song)\")\"\"[Neon Lights](/wiki/Neon_Lights_%28Demi_Lovato_song%29 \"Neon Lights (Demi Lovato song)\")\" |\n| [Sheila on 7](/wiki/Sheila_on_7 \"Sheila on 7\") | \"Dan\"\"Seberapa Pantas\"\"Jadikan Aku Pacarmu\"\"Lapang Dada\" |\n| [Agnez Mo](/wiki/Agnez_Mo \"Agnez Mo\") | ***[Agnez Mo](/wiki/Agnez_Mo \"Agnez Mo\")* mash up**\"Ku T'lah Jatuh Cinta\"\"Tak Ada Logika\" |\n| [RAN](/wiki/RAN_%28Indonesian_group%29 \"RAN (Indonesian group)\")[Kunto Aji](/wiki/Kunto_Aji \"Kunto Aji\") | \"Dekat Dihati\"\"Terlalu Lama Sendiri\" |\n| [Tulus](/wiki/Tulus_%28singer%29 \"Tulus (singer)\") | \"Jangan Cintai Aku Apa Adanya\" |\n| [Karmin](/wiki/Karmin \"Karmin\") | \"[Acapella](/wiki/Acapella_%28Karmin_song%29 \"Acapella (Karmin song)\")\" |\n| [Armand Maulana](/wiki/Armand_Maulana \"Armand Maulana\") | \"Masalembo\" |\n| [Nidji](/wiki/Nidji \"Nidji\") | ''**[Nidji](/wiki/Nidji \"Nidji\")'' medley**\"Heaven\"\"Laskar Pelangi\"\"Diatas Awan\" |\n| [Karmin](/wiki/Karmin \"Karmin\") | \"[Super Bass](/wiki/Super_Bass \"Super Bass\")\" |\n| [Vidi Aldiano](/wiki/Vidi_Aldiano \"Vidi Aldiano\")[Elizabeth Tan](/wiki/Elizabeth_Tan_%28singer%29 \"Elizabeth Tan (singer)\") | \"Gadis Genit\"\"Could It Be\" |\n| [Stereo Cast](/wiki/Stereo_%28serial_televisi%29 \"Stereo (serial televisi)\") | \"Dengar Bisikku\"\"[Uptown Funk](/wiki/Uptown_Funk \"Uptown Funk\")\" |\n| [Armand Maulana](/wiki/Armand_Maulana \"Armand Maulana\") | **Indonesian Diva's medley song**\"Astaga\"\"Burung Camar\"\"Ekspresi\"\"Mahadaya Cinta\" |\n| [Karmin](/wiki/Karmin \"Karmin\") | \"[Hello](/wiki/Hello_%28Karmin_song%29 \"Hello (Karmin song)\")\" |\n\nNon\\-song performances\n\n| Artist(s) | Perform |\n| --- | --- |\n| Main show | |\n| [Sule](/wiki/Entis_Sutisna \"Entis Sutisna\")[Andre Taulany](/wiki/Andre_Taulany \"Andre Taulany\")[Indro Warkop](/wiki/Indro_Warkop \"Indro Warkop\") | Ini Talkshow The Musical |\n| [Simon Pierro](/wiki/Simon_Pierro \"Simon Pierro\") | Digital Magic Performance |\n|\n\n",
"Presenters\n----------\n\n* [Sule](/wiki/Entis_Sutisna \"Entis Sutisna\") and [Andre Taulany](/wiki/Andre_Taulany \"Andre Taulany\") – Presented **Male Singer of the Year**\n* [Dwi Sasono](/wiki/Dwi_Sasono \"Dwi Sasono\") and Armand Maulana – Presented **Song of the Year**\n* [Dian Sastrowardoyo](/wiki/Dian_Sastrowardoyo \"Dian Sastrowardoyo\") and Vincent Rompies – Presented **Band/Group/Duo of the Year**\n* [Deva Mahenra](/wiki/Deva_Mahenra \"Deva Mahenra\") and [Laudya Cynthia Bella](/wiki/Laudya_Cynthia_Bella \"Laudya Cynthia Bella\") – Presented **Album of the Year**\n* Danang \\& Darto – Presented **Digital Persona of the Year**\n* [Boy William](/wiki/Boy_William \"Boy William\") and [Chelsea Islan](/wiki/Chelsea_Islan \"Chelsea Islan\") – Presented **Breakthrough Artist of the Year**\n* Tanta Ginting and Marissa Anita – Presented **Female Singer of the Year**\n* [Tara Basro](/wiki/Tara_Basro \"Tara Basro\") and Tatjana Saphira – Presented **Actor of the Year**\n* Desta and Shahnaz Soehartono – Presented **Actress of the Year**\n* Ray Sahetapy and [Pevita Pearce](/wiki/Pevita_Pearce \"Pevita Pearce\") – Presented **Movie of the Year**\n* [Lukman Sardi](/wiki/Lukman_Sardi \"Lukman Sardi\") and Gista Putri – Presented **TV Program of the Year**\n* Ir. Rudiantara, MBA – Presented **Lifetime Achievement of the Year**\n",
"",
"### Music\n\n| Song of the Year | Album of the Year |\n| --- | --- |\n| **\"Lapang Dada\", [Sheila on 7](/wiki/Sheila_on_7 \"Sheila on 7\")** \"Terlalu Lama Sendiri\", [Kunto Aji](/wiki/Kunto_Aji \"Kunto Aji\") \"Cinta dan Rahasia\", [Yura Yunita](/wiki/Yura_%28Indonesian_singer%29 \"Yura (Indonesian singer)\") featuring [Glenn Fredly](/wiki/Glenn_Fredly \"Glenn Fredly\") \"Gelora Cinta\", [Trio Lestari](/wiki/Trio_Lestari \"Trio Lestari\") \"Gagal Bersembunyi\", [The Rain](/wiki/The_Rain \"The Rain\") | ***[Musim Yang Baik](/wiki/Musim_Yang_Baik \"Musim Yang Baik\")*, [Sheila on 7](/wiki/Sheila_on_7 \"Sheila on 7\")** *[Musik Pop](/wiki/Musik_Pop_%28Maliq_%26_D%27Essentials_album%29 \"Musik Pop (Maliq & D'Essentials album)\")*, [Maliq \\& D'Essentials](/wiki/Maliq_%26_D%27Essentials \"Maliq & D'Essentials\") *Album 1 Part 2*, Matajiwa *Wangi*, [Trio Lestari](/wiki/Trio_Lestari \"Trio Lestari\") *Live At Abbey*, [Gigi](/wiki/Gigi_%28Indonesian_band%29 \"Gigi (Indonesian band)\") |\n| Male Singer of the Year | Female Singer of the Year |\n| **[Judika](/wiki/Judika_%28singer%29 \"Judika (singer)\")** [Kunto Aji](/wiki/Kunto_Aji \"Kunto Aji\") [Virzha](/wiki/Virzha \"Virzha\") [Ipang Lazuardi](/wiki/Ipang_Lazuardi \"Ipang Lazuardi\") [Teza Sumendra](/wiki/Teza_Sumendra \"Teza Sumendra\") | **[Maudy Ayunda](/wiki/Maudy_Ayunda \"Maudy Ayunda\")** [Rini Wulandari](/wiki/Rini_Wulandari \"Rini Wulandari\") [Andien](/wiki/Andien_%28singer%29 \"Andien (singer)\") [Isyana Sarasvati](/wiki/Isyana_Sarasvati \"Isyana Sarasvati\") [Yura Yunita](/wiki/Yura_%28Indonesian_singer%29 \"Yura (Indonesian singer)\") |\n| Band/Group/Duo of the Year | Breakthrough Artist of the Year |\n| **[Sheila on 7](/wiki/Sheila_on_7 \"Sheila on 7\")** [Slank](/wiki/Slank \"Slank\") [Trio Lestari](/wiki/Trio_Lestari \"Trio Lestari\") [Endank Soekamti](/wiki/Endank_Soekamti \"Endank Soekamti\") Matajiwa | **[Kunto Aji](/wiki/Kunto_Aji \"Kunto Aji\")** [Neurotic](/wiki/Neurotic \"Neurotic\") Art of Tree [Yura Yunita](/wiki/Yura_%28Indonesian_singer%29 \"Yura (Indonesian singer)\") [Isyana Sarasvati](/wiki/Isyana_Sarasvati \"Isyana Sarasvati\") |\n|\n\n",
"### Movie\n\n| Movie of the Year\n\n| |\n| ***[Marmut Merah Jambu](/wiki/Marmut_Merah_Jambu \"Marmut Merah Jambu\")*** *[Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck](/wiki/Tenggelamnya_Kapal_van_der_Wijck \"Tenggelamnya Kapal van der Wijck\")* *[Soekarno](/wiki/Soekarno_%28film%29 \"Soekarno (film)\")* *[99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa](/wiki/99_Cahaya_di_Langit_Eropa_%28film%29 \"99 Cahaya di Langit Eropa (film)\")* *[Di Balik 98](/wiki/Di_Balik_98 \"Di Balik 98\")* | |\n| Actor of the Year | Actress of the Year |\n| **[Vino G. Bastian](/wiki/Vino_G._Bastian \"Vino G. Bastian\")** [Reza Rahadian](/wiki/Reza_Rahadian \"Reza Rahadian\") [Herjunot Ali](/wiki/Herjunot_Ali \"Herjunot Ali\") [Nicholas Saputra](/wiki/Nicholas_Saputra \"Nicholas Saputra\") [Raditya Dika](/wiki/Raditya_Dika \"Raditya Dika\") | **[Chelsea Islan](/wiki/Chelsea_Islan \"Chelsea Islan\")** [Dian Sastrowardoyo](/wiki/Dian_Sastrowardoyo \"Dian Sastrowardoyo\") [Acha Septriasa](/wiki/Acha_Septriasa \"Acha Septriasa\") [Pevita Pearce](/wiki/Pevita_Pearce \"Pevita Pearce\") [Laudya Cynthia Bella](/wiki/Laudya_Cynthia_Bella \"Laudya Cynthia Bella\") |\n|\n\n",
"### Television\n\n| TV Program of the Year\n\n| |\n| ***Mario Teguh Golden Ways*** *[Hitam Putih](/wiki/Hitam_Putih \"Hitam Putih\")* *[Kick Andy](/wiki/Kick_Andy \"Kick Andy\")* *[Mata Najwa](/wiki/Mata_Najwa \"Mata Najwa\")* *[Indonesia Lawak Klub](/wiki/Indonesia_Lawak_Klub \"Indonesia Lawak Klub\")* | |\n|\n\n",
"",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:2015 music awards](/wiki/Category:2015_music_awards \"2015 music awards\")\n[Category:Indonesian Choice Awards](/wiki/Category:Indonesian_Choice_Awards \"Indonesian Choice Awards\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Xie Siyi
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
6hr2cd142o246oycduxu6vrznecxn9v
|
2024-09-10T11:44:22Z
| 1,240,134,453 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Xie Siyi** (; born 28 March 1996\\) is a Chinese [diver](/wiki/Diving_%28sport%29 \"Diving (sport)\"). He has won four gold medals at the [World Championships](/wiki/FINA_World_Aquatics_Championships \"FINA World Aquatics Championships\") and three [Olympic](/wiki/Olympic_Games \"Olympic Games\") gold medals.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nXie's previous main event was 10m platform and his partner was [Chen Aisen](/wiki/Chen_Aisen \"Chen Aisen\"). However, due to a serious injury in 2012, he began focusing more on springboard. At the [2015 World Aquatics Championships](/wiki/2015_World_Aquatics_Championships \"2015 World Aquatics Championships\"), he became a new world champion after winning the gold medal of 1m springboard. He also won a gold in [3m springboard](/wiki/Diving_at_the_2017_World_Aquatics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_3_metre_springboard \"Diving at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 3 metre springboard\") at the [2017 World Aquatics Championships](/wiki/2017_World_Aquatics_Championships \"2017 World Aquatics Championships\") held in [Budapest](/wiki/Budapest \"Budapest\").\n\nIn 2018, Xie took part in his first [World Cup](/wiki/2018_FINA_Diving_World_Cup \"2018 FINA Diving World Cup\") event held in Wuhan, and won a gold in the 3m synchro partnered with [Cao Yuan](/wiki/Cao_Yuan \"Cao Yuan\"), as well as a gold in the individual 3m event.\n\nAt the [2019 World Aquatics Championships](/wiki/2019_World_Aquatics_Championships \"2019 World Aquatics Championships\") held in [Gwangju](/wiki/Gwangju \"Gwangju\"), South Korea, he again won gold in the [3m springboard](/wiki/Diving_at_the_2019_World_Aquatics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_3_metre_springboard \"Diving at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 3 metre springboard\") event. Xie again partnered with Cao Yuan in the [3m synchro](/wiki/Diving_at_the_2019_World_Aquatics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_3_metre_springboard \"Diving at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships – Men's synchronized 3 metre springboard\"), and won gold with their last dive.\n\nAt the [2020 Tokyo Olympics](/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics \"2020 Summer Olympics\"), Xie won the gold in the [3m springboard](/wiki/Diving_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_3_metre_springboard \"Diving at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 3 metre springboard\") event. He scored over 85 points with each of his six dives to reach a total score of 558\\.75 and broke the Men's Olympics 3m springboard record. He also partnered with [Wang Zongyuan](/wiki/Wang_Zongyuan \"Wang Zongyuan\") in the [men's 3m synchro](/wiki/Diving_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_3_metre_springboard \"Diving at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's synchronized 3 metre springboard\") event and the pair won gold.\n\nAfter the [Tokyo Olympics](/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics \"2020 Summer Olympics\"), Xie announced his retirement from the Chinese national diving team. He subsequently returned to the sport two years later after spending his time completing a master’s degree and participating in youth coaching.\n\nAt the [2024 Paris Olympics](/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics \"2024 Summer Olympics\"), Xie won gold again in the [3m springboard](/wiki/Diving_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_3_metre_springboard \"Diving at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 3 metre springboard\") event with a score of 543\\.60, surpassing his compatriot, [Wang Zongyuan](/wiki/Wang_Zongyuan \"Wang Zongyuan\"), who took the silver.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Chinese male divers](/wiki/Category:Chinese_male_divers \"Chinese male divers\")\n[Category:1996 births](/wiki/Category:1996_births \"1996 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:World Aquatics Championships medalists in diving](/wiki/Category:World_Aquatics_Championships_medalists_in_diving \"World Aquatics Championships medalists in diving\")\n[Category:People from Shantou](/wiki/Category:People_from_Shantou \"People from Shantou\")\n[Category:Asian Games medalists in diving](/wiki/Category:Asian_Games_medalists_in_diving \"Asian Games medalists in diving\")\n[Category:Divers at the 2018 Asian Games](/wiki/Category:Divers_at_the_2018_Asian_Games \"Divers at the 2018 Asian Games\")\n[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for China](/wiki/Category:Asian_Games_gold_medalists_for_China \"Asian Games gold medalists for China\")\n[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games](/wiki/Category:Medalists_at_the_2018_Asian_Games \"Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games\")\n[Category:Olympic divers for China](/wiki/Category:Olympic_divers_for_China \"Olympic divers for China\")\n[Category:Divers at the 2020 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Divers_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics \"Divers at the 2020 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Divers at the 2024 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Divers_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics \"Divers at the 2024 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Medalists_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics \"Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Medalists at the 2024 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Medalists_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics \"Medalists at the 2024 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Olympic medalists in diving](/wiki/Category:Olympic_medalists_in_diving \"Olympic medalists in diving\")\n[Category:Olympic gold medalists for China](/wiki/Category:Olympic_gold_medalists_for_China \"Olympic gold medalists for China\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Chinese sportspeople](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Chinese_sportspeople \"21st-century Chinese sportspeople\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
St. Benedictusberg Abbey
|
{
"id": [
45130286
],
"name": [
"Zilverspreeuw"
]
}
|
ss8qro48n131mdimvcfh3xh3oe5f56u
|
2023-12-12T17:00:05Z
| 1,148,355,448 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Today",
"References",
"Further reading"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**St. Benedictusberg Abbey**, also **Mamelis Abbey**, is a Benedictine monastery established in 1922 in [Mamelis](/wiki/Mamelis \"Mamelis\"), a [hamlet](/wiki/Hamlet_%28place%29 \"Hamlet (place)\") which administratively falls within [Vaals](/wiki/Vaals \"Vaals\"), [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\"). It is a [rijksmonument](/wiki/Rijksmonument \"Rijksmonument\").\n\nSince 1951 St. Benedictusberg has belonged to the [Solesmes Congregation](/wiki/Solesmes_Congregation \"Solesmes Congregation\"), which is part of the [Benedictine monastic confederation](/wiki/Benedictine_Confederation \"Benedictine Confederation\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nAs part of [Bismarck's](/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck \"Otto von Bismarck\") [power struggle (*Kulturkampf*)](/wiki/Kulturkampf \"Kulturkampf\") with the [Roman Catholic Church](/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church \"Roman Catholic Church\") in [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\"), monastic orders had been forbidden to accept novices. The [1872 Jesuits Law](/wiki/Jesuits_Law_%281872%29 \"Jesuits Law (1872)\") had banned the more assertively independent Catholic orders, and the [Benedictines](/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict \"Order of Saint Benedict\") had in effect found themselves exiled. A change of [pope](/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII \"Pope Leo XIII\") in 1878 toned down Rome's confrontational approach, but the restrictions in Germany were relaxed only slowly, and during the 1870s large numbers of religious Catholic refugees from Germany had settled in the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\") and in [Belgium](/wiki/Belgium \"Belgium\").\n\nA number of originally German monks remained at [Affligem Abbey](/wiki/Affligem_Abbey \"Affligem Abbey\") in central [Belgium](/wiki/Belgium \"Belgium\"), as part of this German monastic diaspora, and in 1893 a group of them set off to found a monastery of their own, the Abbey of St. Clement in [Merkelbeek](/wiki/Merkelbeek \"Merkelbeek\"), [Dutch Limburg](/wiki/Limburg_%28Netherlands%29 \"Limburg (Netherlands)\"), close to the frontier with [Germany](/wiki/German_empire \"German empire\"). St. Clement's was the first Benedictine foundation to be authorised in the Netherlands following the [Protestant Reformation](/wiki/Protestant_Reformation \"Protestant Reformation\"), three centuries earlier. Subsequently these German monks founded (or re\\-founded) [Kornelimünster Abbey](/wiki/Kornelim%C3%BCnster_Abbey \"Kornelimünster Abbey\") (near [Aachen](/wiki/Aachen \"Aachen\")) in 1906 and an abbey at [Siegburg](/wiki/Siegburg \"Siegburg\") in 1914\\. These monasteries, like Merkelbeek itself, were at this time part of the German \"pro\\-province\" of the [Subiaco Cassinese Congregation](/wiki/Subiaco_Cassinese_Congregation \"Subiaco Cassinese Congregation\").\n\nThe outbreak of [war](/wiki/First_World_War \"First World War\") in 1914 created difficulties for Merkelbeek, with many of the monks forced to leave: not all would return. When the war ended, in late 1918, the monks decided to relocate to a site closer to the frontier with Germany, choosing to build on farmland half a kilometer outside the hamlet of [Mamelis](/wiki/Vaals \"Vaals\"), in the southern part of [Limburg](/wiki/Limburg_%28Netherlands%29 \"Limburg (Netherlands)\"). Work on construction of St. Benedictusberg Abbey began in 1922, with the first side of an imposing four sided edifice surrounding a central precinct, designed by the distinguished church architect [Dominikus Böhm](/wiki/Dominikus_B%C3%B6hm \"Dominikus Böhm\"), working with a young [Martin Weber](/wiki/Martin_Weber_%28architect%29 \"Martin Weber (architect)\"). Construction was interrupted almost before it had started, in 1923, by the backwash from the economic crisis.\n\nIn 1927 Dom Romuald Walters affiliated the new Abbey to the [Beuronese Congregation](/wiki/Beuronese_Congregation \"Beuronese Congregation\"), which was then in a particularly dynamic phase, notable both for theological research and in respect of involvement with the modernisation of Gregorian liturgy. The Beuronese were also a relatively prosperous fulcrum of monastic revival.\n\nThe return of [war](/wiki/Second_World_War \"Second World War\") in 1939 and the [German invasion in 1940](/wiki/Battle_of_the_Netherlands \"Battle of the Netherlands\") brought massive new challenges, because the German monks were called up for [military service](/wiki/Wehrmacht \"Wehrmacht\"). Those who refused were faced with sustaining their neutrality in an occupied country. [Liberation](/wiki/Chronological_overview_of_the_liberation_of_Dutch_cities_and_towns_during_World_War_II \"Chronological overview of the liberation of Dutch cities and towns during World War II\") in September 1944 brought no respite for the German monks in Limburg who were initially interned and then expelled to what remained of Germany.\n\n[thumb\\|The 1967 St. Benedictusberg Abbey church by [Hans van der Laan](/wiki/Hans_van_der_Laan \"Hans van der Laan\") has [plastic ratio](/wiki/Plastic_ratio \"Plastic ratio\") proportions.](/wiki/File:Interieur_bovenkerk%2C_zicht_op_de_middenbeuk_met_koorbanken_voor_de_monniken_-_Mamelis_-_20536587_-_RCE.jpg \"Interieur bovenkerk, zicht op de middenbeuk met koorbanken voor de monniken - Mamelis - 20536587 - RCE.jpg\")\nThe monastery buildings were occupied by the [American Army](/wiki/United_States_Army \"United States Army\"), later being used to house \"political delinquents\" and [returning Dutch refugees](/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies \"Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies\") from [Indonesia](/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution \"Indonesian National Revolution\"). Just one monk, having Dutch citizenship, was permitted to remain within the walls of the monastery, and he prevented the total pillage and destruction of the monastic records, but most of these nevertheless disappeared.\n\nIn 1947 [the diocese](/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Roermond \"Roman Catholic Diocese of Roermond\") began negotiations with the [Benedictine congregation](/wiki/Congregatie_%28benedictijnen%29 \"Congregatie (benedictijnen)\") over revival of monasticism at Mamelis, and it was agreed that the foundation should be placed within the Benedictine [Solesmes Congregation](/wiki/Solesmes_Congregation \"Solesmes Congregation\"). That happened in 1951, with the arrival in November of thirteen monks from [Oosterhout](/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Abbey%2C_Oosterhout \"St. Paul's Abbey, Oosterhout\").\n\nFinally a monastery church was built, and consecrated in 1962\\. It received [abbey status](/wiki/Abbey \"Abbey\") in 1964\\.\n\n",
"Today\n-----\n\n[Offices](/wiki/Liturgy_of_the_Hours \"Liturgy of the Hours\") are sung in [Latin](/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Latin \"Ecclesiastical Latin\"), with prominence given to [Gregorian chant](/wiki/Gregorian_chant \"Gregorian chant\").\n\nFrom 1964 tot 1996, Dom Nicolaas de Wolf (1931\\-2015\\) was abbot. He was succeeded by Dom Adrianus (Ad) Lenglet. At the moment (June 2020\\) about 17 monks are living in the abbey. In addition, the abbey has about 60 oblates.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n* Lambertus Moonen osb, ‘Abdij St.\\-Benedictusberg’, in: Historische en Heemkundige Studies in en rond het Geuldal, Jaargang 14 (2004\\), pp. 251–345\\.\n* Lambertus Moonen osb, ‘Ora et Labora De monniken van de abdij St. Benedictusberg, 1951–2005’, in: Historische en Heemkundige Studies in en rond het Geuldal, Jaargang 15 (2005\\), pp. 137–304\\.\n* Renout Robbertz, ‘St. Benedictusberg: Architectuur voor feilbare wezens’, in: Desipienta: Zin en Waan, Jaargang 13, nr. 2 (September 2006\\), pp. 40–43\\.\n\n[Category:Benedictine monasteries in the Netherlands](/wiki/Category:Benedictine_monasteries_in_the_Netherlands \"Benedictine monasteries in the Netherlands\")\n[Category:Christian monasteries in Limburg (Netherlands)](/wiki/Category:Christian_monasteries_in_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29 \"Christian monasteries in Limburg (Netherlands)\")\n[Category:Rijksmonuments in Limburg](/wiki/Category:Rijksmonuments_in_Limburg \"Rijksmonuments in Limburg\")\n[Category:Vaals](/wiki/Category:Vaals \"Vaals\")\n[Category:Christian organizations established in 1922](/wiki/Category:Christian_organizations_established_in_1922 \"Christian organizations established in 1922\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Field & Stream (retailer)
|
{
"id": [
7852030
],
"name": [
"Materialscientist"
]
}
|
kj0h6a8rqdyvt6wuu4piqqwq7gvsj9v
|
2024-02-15T08:18:44Z
| 1,207,630,365 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Field \\& Stream** is a retailer of [hunting](/wiki/Hunting \"Hunting\"), [fishing](/wiki/Fishing \"Fishing\"), [camping](/wiki/Camping \"Camping\"), and related outdoor recreation merchandise that is a subsidiary of [Dick's Sporting Goods](/wiki/Dick%27s_Sporting_Goods \"Dick's Sporting Goods\"). The company's logo date of \"1871\" references the origination of Gordon \\& Ferguson Merchandising Company, who sold clothing under the brand \"Field and Stream\" starting in 1915\\. Dick's purchased licensing rights to the name from Gordon and Ferguson's successors in 2012\\.\n\nIn 2021, Dick's began the converting existing Field \\& Stream stores to **Public Lands** stores, which are similar to in concept, but with an increased emphasis on local [conservation](/wiki/Nature_conservation \"Nature conservation\") efforts and preservation of [public lands](/wiki/Public_land%23United_States \"Public land#United States\") along with a decreased emphasis on hunting and firearms.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nOn August 16, 2013, [Dick's Sporting Goods](/wiki/Dick%27s_Sporting_Goods \"Dick's Sporting Goods\") opened its first Field \\& Stream Shop in [Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Cranberry_Township%2C_Butler_County%2C_Pennsylvania \"Cranberry Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania\"), at the site of the former Dick's location in Cranberry (Dick's had moved to a newer location nearby in Cranberry Township in 2012\\), operating as a competitor to [Cabela's](/wiki/Cabela%27s \"Cabela's\"). [Willie Robertson](/wiki/Willie_Robertson \"Willie Robertson\") of the [reality television](/wiki/Reality_television \"Reality television\") series *[Duck Dynasty](/wiki/Duck_Dynasty \"Duck Dynasty\")* made a speaking appearance at a wedding at the store, with both participants dressed in [camouflage](/wiki/Camouflage \"Camouflage\"), as well as retired [WWE](/wiki/WWE \"WWE\") wrestler [Shawn Michaels](/wiki/Shawn_Michaels \"Shawn Michaels\") (currently hosting *MacMillan River Adventures* on the [Outdoor Channel](/wiki/Outdoor_Channel \"Outdoor Channel\")) appearing at the store to sign autographs for the grand opening. Later in the month, the store began selling [AR\\-15](/wiki/AR-15 \"AR-15\") [semi\\-automatic rifles](/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle \"Semi-automatic rifle\"), ending the chain's 2012 self\\-imposed suspension of sales of certain [semi\\-automatic firearms](/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm \"Semi-automatic firearm\") following the [Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting](/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting \"Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting\").\n\nThe first locations opened after the Cranberry store were in [Erie, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Erie%2C_Pennsylvania \"Erie, Pennsylvania\") (on the site of a proposed Cabela's store that Dick's had purchased before Cabela's had a chance to buy it), [Altoona, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Altoona%2C_Pennsylvania \"Altoona, Pennsylvania\"), and [Crescent Springs, Kentucky](/wiki/Crescent_Springs%2C_Kentucky \"Crescent Springs, Kentucky\"). On October 10, 2014, a newly constructed Field \\& Stream Shop opened in [Miamisburg, Ohio](/wiki/Miamisburg%2C_Ohio \"Miamisburg, Ohio\"), and [Horseheads, New York](/wiki/Horseheads%2C_New_York \"Horseheads, New York\"). The Miamisburg store opened its doors on October 8, 2014, although the official opening was not until October 10, 2014\\. As of 2024, the chain has 4 stores across the United States, including stores as far west as Texas.\n\nIn October 2019, the Utah based company [Sportsman's Warehouse](/wiki/Sportsman%27s_Warehouse \"Sportsman's Warehouse\") acquired eight Field \\& Stream stores. In March 2020, the company acquired two additional stores.\n\nIn 2021, the original Field \\& Stream store in Cranberry Township was replaced by Dick's newest concept called **Public Lands**, which is similar to Field \\& Stream in concept but places emphasis on local [conservation](/wiki/Nature_conservation \"Nature conservation\") efforts.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Sporting goods retailers of the United States](/wiki/Category:Sporting_goods_retailers_of_the_United_States \"Sporting goods retailers of the United States\")\n[Category:Firearm commerce](/wiki/Category:Firearm_commerce \"Firearm commerce\")\n[Category:American companies established in 2013](/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_2013 \"American companies established in 2013\")\n[Category:Retail companies established in 2013](/wiki/Category:Retail_companies_established_in_2013 \"Retail companies established in 2013\")\n[Category:2013 establishments in Pennsylvania](/wiki/Category:2013_establishments_in_Pennsylvania \"2013 establishments in Pennsylvania\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Alexander Maitland
|
{
"id": [
1739907
],
"name": [
"DuncanHill"
]
}
|
njkvggb8s5wxm2mdq9xgt8mmjnjmhej
|
2023-07-26T19:20:46Z
| 677,357,996 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Alexander Maitland"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Alexander Maitland** may refer to:\n\n* [Alexander Maitland (Scottish politician)](/wiki/Alexander_Maitland_%28Scottish_politician%29 \"Alexander Maitland (Scottish politician)\") (1674 – 1721\\), Baron of the Court of Exchequer in Scotland and Member of Parliament\n* [Alexander Maitland (Michigan politician)](/wiki/Alexander_Maitland_%28Michigan_politician%29 \"Alexander Maitland (Michigan politician)\") (1844 – 1929\\), Lieutenant Governor of Michigan\n* [Sir Alexander Maitland, 1st Baronet](/wiki/Sir_Alexander_Maitland%2C_1st_Baronet \"Sir Alexander Maitland, 1st Baronet\") (1728 – 1820\\), general in the British Army\n\n"
]
}
|
Nexxen
|
{
"id": [
18872885
],
"name": [
"WikiCleanerBot"
]
}
|
nzi75wn4brr6ltberm0f096cr9z2t7c
|
2024-09-09T20:07:02Z
| 1,243,309,667 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Services",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + \n\n**Nexxen** (formerly **Tremor International Ltd.**) is a publicly traded [online advertising](/wiki/Online_advertising \"Online advertising\") company. Founded in 2007, it focuses on [digital advertising](/wiki/Digital_advertising \"Digital advertising\"), including [video](/wiki/Video \"Video\"), mobile, native advertising, and display technology and [connected TV](/wiki/Smart_TV \"Smart TV\"). Its stock trades on both the [Nasdaq](/wiki/Nasdaq \"Nasdaq\") and [London Stock Exchange](/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange \"London Stock Exchange\") under the [ticker symbol](/wiki/Ticker_symbol \"Ticker symbol\") NEXN.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nNexxen was founded as Marimedia in 2007 by Maia Shiran and Ariel Cababie and focused on digital advertising monetization. Its principal technology platform Ad$Gadget launched in 2011\\.\n\nIn November 2010, Hagai Tal and Ehud Levy acquired 50% of the company, with Hagai Tal becoming chief executive office in December 2013\\. Levy was also a director and investor at Taptica, a mobile advertising technology company from which Marimedia would later take its name.\n\nIn 2014, Marimedia acquired Taptica, a [mobile advertising](/wiki/Mobile_advertising \"Mobile advertising\") technology company, and to fund this acquisition, the company listed on [AIM](/wiki/Alternative_Investment_Market \"Alternative Investment Market\") in [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), raising £17\\.9 million. The following year, Marimedia rebranded as Taptica.\n\nIn September 2015, the company acquired social marketing tech company AreaOne. In 2016, Taptica acquired 57% of Japan\\-based Adinnovation for $5\\.7 million. In 2017, Taptica acquired Tremor Video's demand\\-side platform for $50 million, a company from which they would later take their name.\n\nIn December 2018, Hagai Tal stepped down as CEO after a US court ruled that he had concealed material facts during the sale of Plimus in 2011\\.\n\nIn February 2019 Taptica merged with [RhythmOne](/wiki/RhythmOne \"RhythmOne\"). Both companies were listed on the stock exchange, so Taptica retained its listing and RhythmOne shares were converted into Taptica shares. Ofer Druker was announced in April 2019 as the CEO of the combined entity. In June 2019 Taptica renamed itself to Tremor International. In 2020, the combined company acquired [video](/wiki/Video \"Video\") ad platform, Unruly, from [News Corp](/wiki/News_Corp_%282013%E2%80%93present%29 \"News Corp (2013–present)\"). In September of 2022, Tremor International closed on the acquisition of Amobee for $239M.\n\nTremor International rebranded as Nexxen in 2023\\.\n\n",
"Services\n--------\n\nNexxen developed an application that analyzes cell phone users' behaviors, spending and how the previous relate to demographic data such as age, gender and location, with the data then being used by advertisers. Nexxen sells advertisements based on complete transactions, such as registering for a game.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:2012 establishments in the United States](/wiki/Category:2012_establishments_in_the_United_States \"2012 establishments in the United States\")\n[Category:Companies based in San Francisco](/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_San_Francisco \"Companies based in San Francisco\")\n[Category:Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange](/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_London_Stock_Exchange \"Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange\")\n[Category:Companies listed on the Nasdaq](/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_Nasdaq \"Companies listed on the Nasdaq\")\n[Category:2021 initial public offerings](/wiki/Category:2021_initial_public_offerings \"2021 initial public offerings\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Antonio Fernández (archer)
|
{
"id": [
35437852
],
"name": [
"Unknown Temptation"
]
}
|
5d099fhd0xkxw4aneh71r4ddbk9e6dj
|
2024-09-15T15:04:05Z
| 1,244,706,954 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Antonio Fernández Fernández** (born 12 June 1991\\) is a Spanish competitive [archer](/wiki/Archery \"Archery\"). He won a silver medal as a member of the nation's archery squad at the [2015 European Games](/wiki/2015_European_Games \"2015 European Games\"), and also collected two individual titles in a regional competition, spanning the European Grand Prix and the [Mediterranean Games](/wiki/2013_Mediterranean_Games \"2013 Mediterranean Games\"), both of which were held in 2013\\. Since his sporting debut as a teenager, Fernandez currently trains under the tutelage of his Korean\\-born coach Cho Hyung\\-mok for the Spanish team, while shooting at San Jorge de Cáceres.\n\nFernández rose to prominence in the international archery scene, when he and his compatriots Juan Ignacio Rodríguez and eventual individual champion [Miguel Alvariño](/wiki/Miguel_Alvari%C3%B1o \"Miguel Alvariño\") obtained a silver medal in the [men's team](/wiki/Archery_at_the_2015_European_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_team \"Archery at the 2015 European Games – Men's team\") recurve final against Ukraine at the [2015 European Games](/wiki/2015_European_Games \"2015 European Games\") in [Baku](/wiki/Baku \"Baku\"), [Azerbaijan](/wiki/Azerbaijan \"Azerbaijan\"). He promptly followed the team archery results by helping the Spaniards secure a full quota spot for [Rio 2016](/wiki/Rio_2016 \"Rio 2016\") at the [World Championships](/wiki/2015_World_Archery_Championships \"2015 World Archery Championships\") few months later in [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen \"Copenhagen\"), [Denmark](/wiki/Denmark \"Denmark\").\n\nAt the 2016 Summer Olympics, Fernández was selected to compete for Spain in both individual and team recurve tournaments. First, he amassed a total of 1,986 points to hand the Spanish trio an eighth overall spot in the ranking round, along with his individual score of 657 as the thirty\\-fifth seed heading to the knockout stage. In the [men's team recurve](/wiki/Archery_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_team \"Archery at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's team\"), Fernández and his compatriots Rodríguez and Alvariño bowed out to the Dutchmen in the opening round of the tournament, conceding a slick 1–5 defeat. Few days later, in the [men's individual recurve](/wiki/Archery_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_individual \"Archery at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's individual\"), Fernández avenged his team's early exit by dispatching Chinese Taipei's [Kao Hao\\-wen](/wiki/Kao_Hao-wen \"Kao Hao-wen\") (6–0\\) and Italy's no. 3 seed [David Pasqualucci](/wiki/David_Pasqualucci \"David Pasqualucci\") (6–2\\) through the opening rounds, before he was beaten with a 3–7 score by Australia's eventual quarterfinalist [Taylor Worth](/wiki/Taylor_Worth \"Taylor Worth\") in his succeeding match.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Spanish male archers](/wiki/Category:Spanish_male_archers \"Spanish male archers\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Cáceres, Spain](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_C%C3%A1ceres%2C_Spain \"Sportspeople from Cáceres, Spain\")\n[Category:1991 births](/wiki/Category:1991_births \"1991 births\")\n[Category:Archers at the 2015 European Games](/wiki/Category:Archers_at_the_2015_European_Games \"Archers at the 2015 European Games\")\n[Category:European Games silver medalists for Spain](/wiki/Category:European_Games_silver_medalists_for_Spain \"European Games silver medalists for Spain\")\n[Category:European Games medalists in archery](/wiki/Category:European_Games_medalists_in_archery \"European Games medalists in archery\")\n[Category:Olympic archers for Spain](/wiki/Category:Olympic_archers_for_Spain \"Olympic archers for Spain\")\n[Category:Archers at the 2016 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Archers_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics \"Archers at the 2016 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Spain](/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_Games_bronze_medalists_for_Spain \"Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Spain\")\n[Category:Mediterranean Games medalists in archery](/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_Games_medalists_in_archery \"Mediterranean Games medalists in archery\")\n[Category:Competitors at the 2013 Mediterranean Games](/wiki/Category:Competitors_at_the_2013_Mediterranean_Games \"Competitors at the 2013 Mediterranean Games\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Spanish people](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Spanish_people \"21st-century Spanish people\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Benjamin Willoughby
|
{
"id": [
43918024
],
"name": [
"Wozal"
]
}
|
cveut69musjmtp6tspwn13cyfob77hl
|
2024-03-07T21:51:18Z
| 1,201,675,696 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Benjamin Milton Willoughby** (April 8, 1855 – June 29, 1940\\) was an [American](/wiki/United_States_of_America \"United States of America\") [lawyer](/wiki/Lawyer \"Lawyer\"), [politician](/wiki/Politician \"Politician\"), and [judge](/wiki/Judge \"Judge\"). He served as a justice of the [Indiana Supreme Court](/wiki/Indiana_Supreme_Court \"Indiana Supreme Court\") from January 6, 1919 to January 7, 1931\\.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nWilloughby was born in [Ripley County](/wiki/Ripley_County%2C_Indiana \"Ripley County, Indiana\"), [Indiana](/wiki/Indiana \"Indiana\") to Milton Willoughby (of [English descent](/wiki/English_Americans \"English Americans\"), originally from [Pittsburgh](/wiki/Pittsburgh \"Pittsburgh\"), [Pennsylvania](/wiki/Pennsylvania \"Pennsylvania\")) and Phoebe Willoughby (née Osborn, originally from [Batavia](/wiki/Batavia%2C_Ohio \"Batavia, Ohio\"), [Ohio](/wiki/Ohio \"Ohio\")). Benjamin Willoughby was the second of their eight children.\n\nIn 1873, Willoughby moved to [Trimble County](/wiki/Trimble_County%2C_Kentucky \"Trimble County, Kentucky\"), [Kentucky](/wiki/Kentucky \"Kentucky\"), where he attended school. He came to [Vincennes](/wiki/Vincennes%2C_Indiana \"Vincennes, Indiana\") in 1875\\. He graduated from high school in Vincennes in 1876 and moved to [Petersburg](/wiki/Petersburg%2C_Indiana \"Petersburg, Indiana\"), where he became the principal of the grammar department at the local high school. In 1877, he began [reading law](/wiki/Reading_law \"Reading law\") under the tutelage of Capt. George G. Reily. From 1877 to 1878, he taught school in [Sandborn](/wiki/Sandborn%2C_Indiana \"Sandborn, Indiana\"). In 1878, he began studying law at [Cincinnati College](/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati_College_of_Law \"University of Cincinnati College of Law\"), graduating in 1879 and being admitted to the bar the same year.Minde C. Browning, Richard Humphrey, and Bruce Kleinschmidt, \"[Biographical Sketches of Indiana Supreme Court Justices](https://www.in.gov/judiciary/supreme/files/browning.pdf)\", *[Indiana Law Review](/wiki/Indiana_Law_Review \"Indiana Law Review\")*, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1997\\), section reproduced in [Indiana Courts Justice Biographies page](https://www.in.gov/judiciary/supreme/files/justice-bios.pdf#page=66).\n\nWilloughby returned to Vincennes to practice law. In 1882, he opened a practice in partnership with Louis A. Meyer, a [German](/wiki/German_Americans \"German Americans\") immigrant, forming the firm of Meyer \\& Willoughby. The firm found much success, partially thanks to Meyer's ability to speak [German](/wiki/German_language \"German language\"), which attracted many clients who were German immigrants.\n\nWilloughby was served in the [Indiana House of Representatives](/wiki/Indiana_House_of_Representatives \"Indiana House of Representatives\") from 1895 to 1899\\. Willoughy was a lifelong [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\").\n\nIn 1899, Willoughby was offered a position in the administration of [William McKinley](/wiki/William_McKinley \"William McKinley\") as U.S. [Consul](/wiki/Consul_%28representative%29 \"Consul (representative)\") to [Zanzibar](/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar \"Sultanate of Zanzibar\"), but he declined the offer.\n\nIn 1900, Willoughby became the first President of a newly formed [bar association](/wiki/Bar_association \"Bar association\") in Vincennes. Willoughby became a judge for Indiana's 12th [Circuit Court](/wiki/Circuit_Court \"Circuit Court\") in 1912, a position he held until 1918\\. Willoughby also served as President of the Vincennes Northern \\& Southern Traction Company, incorporated in 1911, which constructed railroad tracks that connected Vincennes to the rest of [Knox County](/wiki/Knox_County%2C_Indiana \"Knox County, Indiana\") and [Sullivan County](/wiki/Sullivan_County%2C_Indiana \"Sullivan County, Indiana\").\n\nWilloughby became a justice of the [Indiana Supreme Court](/wiki/Indiana_Supreme_Court \"Indiana Supreme Court\") in 1919\\. His time on the court saw numerous challenges to Indiana's new [Prohibition](/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States \"Prohibition in the United States\") laws and the rise of the [Ku Klux Klan](/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan \"Ku Klux Klan\")'s influence on Indiana politics. The KKK and the Indiana [Anti\\-Saloon League](/wiki/Anti-Saloon_League \"Anti-Saloon League\") created a powerful alliance that would target and attempt to oust elected officials in Indiana who were critical of Prohibition. Willoughby emerged as a leading critic of Prohibition and became a personal enemy of the Rev. Dr. E.S. Shumaker, superintendent of the Indiana Anti\\-Saloon League. Willoughby and his fellow Justices found Shumaker in [contempt of court](/wiki/Contempt_of_court \"Contempt of court\") for spreading [libelous](/wiki/Libel \"Libel\") information regarding the court's handling of cases regarding Prohibition law violations. The court ordered Shumaker jailed for sixty days. [Governor](/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana \"Governor of Indiana\") [Edward L. Jackson](/wiki/Edward_L._Jackson \"Edward L. Jackson\") attempted to [pardon](/wiki/Pardon \"Pardon\") Shumaker, but the court overturned the pardon, ruling that the Governor did not have the power to pardon those found in contempt by the Supreme Court. In 1930, Willoughby was defeated in his bid for re\\-election following a challenge for the Republican nomination by Thomas B. Coulter, judge of the Knox County Circuit Court. Shumaker, Anti\\-Saloon League, and the KKK threw their support behind Coulter, leading him to barely prevail over Willoughby in an extremely close contest, though Coulter was later defeated in the general election by Willoughby's eventual successor, [Democrat](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") [Walter E. Treanor](/wiki/Walter_E._Treanor \"Walter E. Treanor\").\n\nIn 1880, Willoughby became a [Scottish Rite Mason](/wiki/Scottish_Rite \"Scottish Rite\"). Over his lifetime, he held various leadership positions as the Vincennes Masonic Lodge. He was twice commissioned as a Representative of the Grand Lodge of Illinois; first in 1889 and then again in 1895\\. He was also a [Shriner](/wiki/Shriners \"Shriners\") and a member of the [Columbia Club](/wiki/Columbia_Club \"Columbia Club\") in [Indianapolis](/wiki/Indianapolis \"Indianapolis\").\n\nIn 1912, Willoughby married Edith Getches in Vincennes.\n\nWilloughby died in 1940 in Vincennes.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1855 births](/wiki/Category:1855_births \"1855 births\")\n[Category:1940 deaths](/wiki/Category:1940_deaths \"1940 deaths\")\n[Category:People from Ripley County, Indiana](/wiki/Category:People_from_Ripley_County%2C_Indiana \"People from Ripley County, Indiana\")\n[Category:University of Cincinnati College of Law alumni](/wiki/Category:University_of_Cincinnati_College_of_Law_alumni \"University of Cincinnati College of Law alumni\")\n[Category:Republican Party members of the Indiana House of Representatives](/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_members_of_the_Indiana_House_of_Representatives \"Republican Party members of the Indiana House of Representatives\")\n[Category:Justices of the Indiana Supreme Court](/wiki/Category:Justices_of_the_Indiana_Supreme_Court \"Justices of the Indiana Supreme Court\")\n[Category:American judges](/wiki/Category:American_judges \"American judges\")\n[Category:Freemasons](/wiki/Category:Freemasons \"Freemasons\")\n[Category:American people of English descent](/wiki/Category:American_people_of_English_descent \"American people of English descent\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Marcus Åkerholm
|
{
"id": [
31180261
],
"name": [
"Vanished user 88ea9d4ca7a2ed854a43ba56e408dae6"
]
}
|
1mg7rzn8f7lr57acsb9a20m6pzbo527
|
2024-08-26T13:32:37Z
| 1,156,896,672 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Marcus Ricard Åkerholm** (born 29 February 1976 in [Flen](/wiki/Flen \"Flen\"), [Uppsala](/wiki/Uppsala \"Uppsala\")) is a Swedish sport shooter. He has been selected to compete for [Sweden](/wiki/Sweden \"Sweden\") in air rifle shooting at the [2004 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics \"2004 Summer Olympics\"), and has attained numerous top ten finishes in a major international competition, spanning the [World](/wiki/ISSF_World_Shooting_Championships \"ISSF World Shooting Championships\") and [European Championships](/wiki/European_Shooting_Championships \"European Shooting Championships\") and the [ISSF World Cup](/wiki/ISSF_World_Cup \"ISSF World Cup\") series. Åkerholm trains under head coach Stefan Lindblom for the national team, while shooting at a rifle gun range in [Uppsala](/wiki/Uppsala \"Uppsala\") ().\n\nÅkerholm qualified for the Swedish team in the [men's 10 m air rifle](/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_-_Men%27s_10_metre_air_rifle \"Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Men's 10 metre air rifle\") at the [2004 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics \"2004 Summer Olympics\") in [Athens](/wiki/Athens \"Athens\"). He managed to get a minimum qualifying score of 594 to gain an Olympic quota place and join with fellow marksman [Sven Haglund](/wiki/Sven_Haglund \"Sven Haglund\") for [Sweden](/wiki/Sweden \"Sweden\"), following his outside\\-final finish at the Worlds two years earlier. Åkerholm shot a steady 588 out of a possible 600 to tie for thirty\\-third position with Kyrgyzstan's [Aleksandr Babchenko](/wiki/Aleksandr_Babchenko \"Aleksandr Babchenko\") in the qualifying round, failing to reach the Olympic final and trailing Haglund throughout the phase by just a single point.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Athlete Bio – Swedish Olympic Committee](https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124623/http://www.sok.se/aktiva/historisktaktiva/marcusakerholm.5.1017605f109c54f786580002331.html) \n\n[Category:1974 births](/wiki/Category:1974_births \"1974 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Swedish male sport shooters](/wiki/Category:Swedish_male_sport_shooters \"Swedish male sport shooters\")\n[Category:Olympic shooters for Sweden](/wiki/Category:Olympic_shooters_for_Sweden \"Olympic shooters for Sweden\")\n[Category:Shooters at the 2004 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Shooters_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics \"Shooters at the 2004 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Uppsala](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Uppsala \"Sportspeople from Uppsala\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Swedish people](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Swedish_people \"20th-century Swedish people\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Swedish people](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Swedish_people \"21st-century Swedish people\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Peter Demong
|
{
"id": [
12883001
],
"name": [
"Arianwen88"
]
}
|
8o41jbx7nzffld1zqstqe1hznv215n3
|
2024-06-08T10:48:54Z
| 1,083,386,927 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career before politics",
"Electoral record",
"2010 municipal election",
"2013 municipal election",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Peter Demong** is a municipal politician who currently serves as Councillor of Ward 14 in [Calgary](/wiki/Calgary \"Calgary\"), [Alberta](/wiki/Alberta \"Alberta\"). He was first elected in 2010\\.\n\n",
"Career before politics\n----------------------\n\nPrior to being elected in 2010, Demong was a logistics manager at Nose Creek Forest Products. With his wife Naomi, Demong owned and operated Deer Valley Florist from 1996 to 2015\\.\n\n",
"Electoral record\n----------------\n\n### 2010 municipal election\n\nDemong was first elected to serve Ward 14 in the 2010 election, taking 29% of the votes while defeating incumbent [Linda Fox\\-Mellway](/wiki/Linda_Fox-Mellway \"Linda Fox-Mellway\").\n\n### 2013 municipal election\n\nDemong was reelected in the 2013 election by capturing 67% of the votes.\n\n",
"### 2010 municipal election\n\nDemong was first elected to serve Ward 14 in the 2010 election, taking 29% of the votes while defeating incumbent [Linda Fox\\-Mellway](/wiki/Linda_Fox-Mellway \"Linda Fox-Mellway\").\n\n",
"### 2013 municipal election\n\nDemong was reelected in the 2013 election by capturing 67% of the votes.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [City of Calgary Ward 14 homepage](http://www.calgary.ca/councillors/ward-14/Pages/Ward-14.aspx)\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Calgary city councillors](/wiki/Category:Calgary_city_councillors \"Calgary city councillors\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Willem van der Woude
|
{
"id": [
1189543
],
"name": [
"Simeon"
]
}
|
f076mkcd5aplx1sae29ktuwxqz1zyip
|
2024-09-22T10:28:09Z
| 1,247,012,409 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Education and career",
"Selected publications",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Willem van der Woude** (15 January 1876 – 23 September 1974\\) was a Dutch mathematician and [*rector magnificus*](/wiki/Rector_%28academia%29 \"Rector (academia)\") (chancellor) of the [University of Leiden](/wiki/University_of_Leiden \"University of Leiden\").\n\n",
"Education and career\n--------------------\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Van der Woude (middle) as rector in Leiden (1945\\)](/wiki/File:WvdWoude1945.jpg \"WvdWoude1945.jpg\")\nVan der Woude studied at the [University of Groningen](/wiki/University_of_Groningen \"University of Groningen\"), and subsequently, from 1901 to 1916, worked as a secondary school teacher in [Deventer](/wiki/Deventer \"Deventer\"). In 1908 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Groningen under [Pieter Hendrik Schoute](/wiki/Pieter_Hendrik_Schoute \"Pieter Hendrik Schoute\") with a thesis titled *Over elkaar snijdende normalen aan een ellipsoide en een hyperellipsoide* (On intersecting normals to an [ellipsoid](/wiki/Ellipsoid \"Ellipsoid\") and a hyperellipsoid). From 1916 until his retirement as professor emeritus in 1947 he was professor of mathematics and mechanics at the University of Leiden.\n\nIn 1924, he was an [invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians](/wiki/List_of_International_Congresses_of_Mathematicians_Plenary_and_Invited_Speakers \"List of International Congresses of Mathematicians Plenary and Invited Speakers\") in Toronto. In the years 1923, 1924, 1939 and 1940 he chaired the [Royal Dutch Mathematical Society](/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Mathematical_Society \"Royal Dutch Mathematical Society\").\n\nHe acted as *rector magnificus* of the University of Leiden during three separate periods: 1934–1935, 1941–43 and 1945 (until he was succeeded by [Berend George Escher](/wiki/Berend_George_Escher \"Berend George Escher\")).\n\n",
"Selected publications\n---------------------\n\n* (On the intersection system of two algebraic curves)\n* (On geometry and theories of space)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* brief biography in: [Gerrit van Dijk: *Leidse hoogleraren wiskunde 1575\\-1975* (pag. 54\\-56\\)](http://www.math.leidenuniv.nl/docs/Boek%20Leidse%20wiskundigen%20met%20omslag_Universiteit%20Leiden.pdf) \n\n[Category:1876 births](/wiki/Category:1876_births \"1876 births\")\n[Category:1974 deaths](/wiki/Category:1974_deaths \"1974 deaths\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Dutch mathematicians](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dutch_mathematicians \"20th-century Dutch mathematicians\")\n[Category:Academic staff of Leiden University](/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_Leiden_University \"Academic staff of Leiden University\")\n[Category:People from Dongeradeel](/wiki/Category:People_from_Dongeradeel \"People from Dongeradeel\")\n[Category:Rectors of universities in the Netherlands](/wiki/Category:Rectors_of_universities_in_the_Netherlands \"Rectors of universities in the Netherlands\")\n[Category:University of Groningen alumni](/wiki/Category:University_of_Groningen_alumni \"University of Groningen alumni\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Marko Mugoša (basketball)
|
{
"id": [
40880558
],
"name": [
"Mitrovica02"
]
}
|
nidw0t4z4mtp5hy158pjn45rrgju32c
|
2024-09-08T00:06:11Z
| 1,244,590,192 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Personal life",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + \n\t**Marko Mugoša** (born June 12, 1993\\) is a Montenegrin professional [basketball](/wiki/Basketball \"Basketball\") player for [Lovćen 1947](/wiki/KK_Lov%C4%87en_1947 \"KK Lovćen 1947\") of the [ABA League Second Division](/wiki/ABA_League_Second_Division \"ABA League Second Division\") and the [Prva A Liga](/wiki/Prva_A_Liga \"Prva A Liga\").\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nHis surname Mugoša comes from the [Albanian](/wiki/Albanians \"Albanians\") tribe [Mugoša/Mugosha](/wiki/Mugo%C5%A1e \"Mugoše\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Player Profile](http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Marko_Mugosa/Montenegro/KK_Zeta_2011_Golubovci/172744?PlayerID=172744) at eurobasket.com\n\n[Category:1993 births](/wiki/Category:1993_births \"1993 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Montenegrin people of Albanian descent](/wiki/Category:Montenegrin_people_of_Albanian_descent \"Montenegrin people of Albanian descent\")\n[Category:ABA League players](/wiki/Category:ABA_League_players \"ABA League players\")\n[Category:KK Budućnost players](/wiki/Category:KK_Budu%C4%87nost_players \"KK Budućnost players\")\n[Category:KK Lovćen players](/wiki/Category:KK_Lov%C4%87en_players \"KK Lovćen players\")\n[Category:KK Mornar Bar players](/wiki/Category:KK_Mornar_Bar_players \"KK Mornar Bar players\")\n[Category:KK Podgorica players](/wiki/Category:KK_Podgorica_players \"KK Podgorica players\")\n[Category:KK Sutjeska players](/wiki/Category:KK_Sutjeska_players \"KK Sutjeska players\")\n[Category:Montenegrin men's basketball players](/wiki/Category:Montenegrin_men%27s_basketball_players \"Montenegrin men's basketball players\")\n[Category:Shooting guards](/wiki/Category:Shooting_guards \"Shooting guards\")\n[Category:Basketball players from Podgorica](/wiki/Category:Basketball_players_from_Podgorica \"Basketball players from Podgorica\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Abu Hamamah
|
{
"id": [
27744084
],
"name": [
"Idoghor Melody"
]
}
|
66wcak35zuyvumcwiy94nhcx13onln3
|
2024-08-24T11:10:32Z
| 1,057,620,466 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Abu Hamamah** (, also known as **Abu Humama**) is a village in northern [Syria](/wiki/Syria \"Syria\"), administratively part of the [Rastan District](/wiki/Al-Rastan_District \"Al-Rastan District\"), located north of [Homs](/wiki/Homs \"Homs\") on the southern banks of the [Orontes River](/wiki/Orontes_River \"Orontes River\"). According to the [Syria Central Bureau of Statistics](/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_%28Syria%29 \"Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)\") (CBS), Abu Hamamah had a population of 255 in the 2004 census.[General Census of Population and Housing 2004](http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB04-18-2004.htm) . [Syria Central Bureau of Statistics](/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Statistics_%28Syria%29 \"Central Bureau of Statistics (Syria)\") (CBS). Homs Governorate. Its inhabitants are predominantly [Circassians](/wiki/Circassians_in_Syria \"Circassians in Syria\") from the [Shapsugh](/wiki/Shapsugh \"Shapsugh\") tribe.Jaimoukha, Amjad. [The Circassians of Syria: Opting for the Rightful Cause](http://circasvoices.blogspot.com/2012/07/the-circassians-of-syria-opting-for.html) *Circassian Voices*. 12 July 2012\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Populated places in al\\-Rastan District](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_al-Rastan_District \"Populated places in al-Rastan District\")\n[Category:Circassian communities in Syria](/wiki/Category:Circassian_communities_in_Syria \"Circassian communities in Syria\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
County roads in Ohio
|
{
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
}
|
j23l3zafok93br5mxyadetom70mi36i
|
2024-06-15T02:26:35Z
| 1,191,751,912 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Characteristics",
"History",
"Naming",
"Signage",
"County road marker designs by county",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**County roads in Ohio** comprise , making up 24% of the state's public roadways . [Ohio](/wiki/Ohio \"Ohio\") state law delegates the maintenance and designation of these [county roads](/wiki/County_road \"County road\") to the [boards of commissioners](/wiki/County_commission \"County commission\") and [highway departments](/wiki/Ohio_county_government \"Ohio county government\") of [its 88 counties](/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Ohio \"List of counties in Ohio\"). Each county has distinct construction, signage, and naming practices for the roads under its jurisdiction. Within each county, [townships](/wiki/List_of_townships_in_Ohio \"List of townships in Ohio\") maintain separate township road networks under the advice of the county engineer. Each board of county commissioners certifies the total county\\- and township\\-maintained mileage within its county. The [Ohio Department of Transportation](/wiki/Ohio_Department_of_Transportation \"Ohio Department of Transportation\") catalogues these certifications on an annual basis.\n\n",
"Characteristics\n---------------\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|[Swartz Covered Bridge](/wiki/Swartz_Covered_Bridge \"Swartz Covered Bridge\") carries [Wyandot County](/wiki/Wyandot_County%2C_Ohio \"Wyandot County, Ohio\") Road 130 over the [Sandusky River](/wiki/Sandusky_River \"Sandusky River\"). [Covered bridges](/wiki/List_of_covered_bridges_in_Ohio \"List of covered bridges in Ohio\") can be found along many rural county roads in Ohio.](/wiki/File:Swartz_Covered_Bridge_1.jpg \"Swartz Covered Bridge 1.jpg\")\n\nA public, non\\-state\\-maintained road must meet at least one of the following conditions in order for the county board of commissioners to have authority over it:\n\n* Connects one public road to another\n* Connects a public road to a public school, park, recreation area, or airfield\n* Connects a public road to at least three private residences or businesses in the first and one private residence or business in each thereafter\n\nThe county is not responsible for any roads within the corporation limits of a city or village. When the state abandons a state highway, any right of way outside corporation limits reverts to county or township control.\n\nGenerally, county road rights of way are required to be at least wide, allowing for two lanes of traffic, although rights of way as narrow as may be allowed for [one\\-lane roads](/wiki/Single-track_road \"Single-track road\") under a [grandfather clause](/wiki/Grandfather_clause \"Grandfather clause\"). Before 1915, the law that regulated the width of county roads changed frequently, at times imposing a maximum width of .\n\nA 2012 study by the County Engineers Association of Ohio (CEAO) found that of county roads are resurfaced annually, from a combined budget of $229 million for county road maintenance and bridge replacement. In 1997, the CEAO reported that 8% of county roads were unpaved, and that county roads were resurfaced every 17 years on average.\n\nThe maximum [speed limit](/wiki/Speed_limits_in_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction%23Ohio \"Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction#Ohio\") for an undivided county road is in an unincorporated area. Within municipal corporation limits, the speed limit may be lower based on land use. Counties differ on whether [all\\-terrain vehicles](/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle \"All-terrain vehicle\") are allowed to be ridden on county roads.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nOn February 17, 1804, an act of the General Assembly gave boards of county commissioners the authority to open roads. Around 1820, the office of county surveyor was first given a role in road and bridge development. [Plank roads](/wiki/Plank_road \"Plank road\") could be brought under county supervision beginning on January 25, 1861, and commissioners were authorized to build [turnpikes](/wiki/Toll_road \"Toll road\") on February 16, 1870\\. Road maintenance responsibilities passed from the county surveyor to the county engineer in 1928\\.\n\nIn the 1972 *[Ohio Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices](/wiki/Ohio_Manual_of_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices \"Ohio Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices\")* (OMUTCD), revision 21, issued 1999, the standard county route shield was a white rectangle bearing a black legend; the blue pentagon was considered an alternative design for a system of important county roads. In 1974, [Ottawa County](/wiki/Ottawa_County%2C_Ohio \"Ottawa County, Ohio\") became the first county in Ohio to post the blue markers. The blue pentagon became the standard in the 2003 edition of the MUTCD, relegating the white rectangle to an alternative status.\n\n",
"Naming\n------\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|[Fulton County](/wiki/Fulton_County%2C_Ohio \"Fulton County, Ohio\") Road 10\\-2 runs north to south, slightly to the west of a section line, intersecting County Road L.](/wiki/File:Buildings_in_Winameg%2C_Ohio.jpg \"Buildings in Winameg, Ohio.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|[Hancock County](/wiki/Hancock_County%2C_Ohio \"Hancock County, Ohio\") Road 698 was part of [Ohio State Route 698](/wiki/Ohio_State_Route_698 \"Ohio State Route 698\") until 2007\\.](/wiki/File:Old_698_south_of_Township_Road_27%2C_Van_Buren_Township.jpg \"Old 698 south of Township Road 27, Van Buren Township.jpg\")\n\nOhio law requires the county engineer to name and number every public road under the county's jurisdiction. Terminology varies from county to county: \"county roads\", \"county routes\", and \"county highways\" are variously abbreviated \"CR\", \"C\\-\", \"CH\", \"Co. Rd.\", and \"CO\" on signage. In several northwestern Ohio counties, the county and township road networks form a grid along survey section lines, and each route is given an alphanumeric, sometimes decimal number based on its location within the county. In these counties, county lines often run down the middle of county roads; each side of the road may have a different number. Most counties [in neighboring Indiana](/wiki/Numbered_roads_in_Indiana%23County_Roads_in_Indiana \"Numbered roads in Indiana#County Roads in Indiana\") use a similar system. Many former alignments of U.S. and state routes, particularly U.S. Routes [25](/wiki/U.S._Route_25 \"U.S. Route 25\") and [40](/wiki/U.S._Route_40 \"U.S. Route 40\"), are now maintained as county routes that retain their former route numbers.\n\n",
"Signage\n-------\n\nRoughly half of Ohio's 88 counties signpost county routes with prominent markers; the rest post numbers either on standard street and crossroads signage or on obscure mileposts. For counties that do utilize county road markers, the [Ohio Department of Transportation](/wiki/Ohio_Department_of_Transportation \"Ohio Department of Transportation\")'s *[Ohio Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices](/wiki/Ohio_Manual_of_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices \"Ohio Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices\")* (OMUTCD) specifies two designs, the gold\\-on\\-blue pentagon found in the national [MUTCD](/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices \"Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices\") and an alternative black\\-on\\-white square also found in some other states.\n\nHowever, not all counties follow the state standard: many county highway departments use unique designs on any county\\-maintained signposts, ranging from [Athens County](/wiki/Athens_County%2C_Ohio \"Athens County, Ohio\")'s simple green square with white legend, to [Vinton County](/wiki/Vinton_County%2C_Ohio \"Vinton County, Ohio\")'s yellow square with stenciled black legend, to [Scioto County](/wiki/Scioto_County%2C_Ohio \"Scioto County, Ohio\")'s white county outline on an orange square. [Henry County](/wiki/Henry_County%2C_Ohio \"Henry County, Ohio\") uses [Arial](/wiki/Arial \"Arial\") Bold lettering instead of the standard [Highway Gothic](/wiki/Highway_Gothic \"Highway Gothic\") typeface. In 2022, [Holmes County](/wiki/Holmes_County%2C_Ohio \"Holmes County, Ohio\") introduced a green shield bearing the county outline as part of a program to improve road safety and reduce costs by moving sign manufacturing in house.\n\n### County road marker designs by county\n\nFile:Ashland County Route 30A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Ashland County, Ohio\\|Ashland]]\nFile:Athens County Route 85 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Athens County, Ohio\\|Athens]]\nFile:Auglaize County Route 25A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Auglaize County, Ohio\\|Auglaize]]\nFile:Belmont County Route 28 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Belmont County, Ohio\\|Belmont]]\nFile:Carroll County Route 37 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Carroll County, Ohio\\|Carroll]]\nFile:Columbiana County 404\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Columbiana County, Ohio\\|Columbiana]]\nFile:Coshocton County Route 281 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Coshocton County, Ohio\\|Coshocton]]\nFile:Fairfield County Route 20 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Fairfield County, Ohio\\|Fairfield]]\nFile:Fulton County Route 1 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Fulton County, Ohio\\|Fulton]]\nFile:Gallia County Route 79 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Gallia County, Ohio\\|Gallia]]\nFile:Guernsey County Route 35 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Guernsey County, Ohio\\|Guernsey]]\nFile:Hardin County Route 219 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Hardin County, Ohio\\|Hardin]]\nFile:Harrison County Route 21 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Harrison County, Ohio\\|Harrison]]\nFile:Henry County Route M1 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Henry County, Ohio\\|Henry]]\nFile:Hocking County Route 33A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Hocking County, Ohio\\|Hocking]]\nFile:Holmes County Route 349 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Holmes County, Ohio\\|Holmes]]\nFile:Jefferson County 22A.svg\\|\\[\\[Jefferson County, Ohio\\|Jefferson]]\nFile:Knox County Route 6 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Knox County, Ohio\\|Knox]]\nFile:Lawrence County Route 62 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Lawrence County, Ohio\\|Lawrence]]\nFile:Licking County Route 41 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Licking County, Ohio\\|Licking]]\nFile:Logan County Route 28 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Logan County, Ohio\\|Logan]]\nFile:Madison County Route 34 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Madison County, Ohio\\|Madison]]\nFile:Mahoning County 8\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Mahoning County, Ohio\\|Mahoning]]\nFile:Medina County Route 16 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Medina County, Ohio\\|Medina]]\nFile:Miami County Route 25A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Miami County, Ohio\\|Miami]]\nFile:Monroe County Route 68 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Monroe County, Ohio\\|Monroe]]\nFile:Morgan County Route 75 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Morgan County, Ohio\\|Morgan]]\nFile:Morrow County Route 15 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Morrow County, Ohio\\|Morrow]]\nFile:Noble County Route 14 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Noble County, Ohio\\|Noble]]\nFile:Ottawa County 1\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Ottawa County, Ohio\\|Ottawa]]\nFile:Paulding County Route 197 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Paulding County, Ohio\\|Paulding]]\nFile:Perry County Route 60 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Perry County, Ohio\\|Perry]]\nFile:Scioto County Route 28 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Scioto County, Ohio\\|Scioto]]\nFile:Seneca County 58\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Seneca County, Ohio\\|Seneca]]\nFile:Shelby County Route 25A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Shelby County, Ohio\\|Shelby]]\nFile:Stark County 348\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Stark County, Ohio\\|Stark]]\nFile:Summit County 17\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Summit County, Ohio\\|Summit]]\nFile:Trumbull County Route 169 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Trumbull County, Ohio\\|Trumbull]]\nFile:Tuscarawas County 3\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Tuscarawas County, Ohio\\|Tuscarawas]]\nFile:Union County Route 168 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Union County, Ohio\\|Union]] (Not commonly used.)\nFile:Vinton County Route 13B OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Vinton County, Ohio\\|Vinton]]\nFile:Washington County Route 84 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Washington County, Ohio\\|Washington]]\nFile:Wayne County Route 30A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Wayne County, Ohio\\|Wayne]]\nFile:Williams County Route 22\\.75 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Williams County, Ohio\\|Williams]]\nFile:Wyandot County Route 130 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Wyandot County, Ohio\\|Wyandot]]\n\n",
"### County road marker designs by county\n\nFile:Ashland County Route 30A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Ashland County, Ohio\\|Ashland]]\nFile:Athens County Route 85 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Athens County, Ohio\\|Athens]]\nFile:Auglaize County Route 25A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Auglaize County, Ohio\\|Auglaize]]\nFile:Belmont County Route 28 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Belmont County, Ohio\\|Belmont]]\nFile:Carroll County Route 37 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Carroll County, Ohio\\|Carroll]]\nFile:Columbiana County 404\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Columbiana County, Ohio\\|Columbiana]]\nFile:Coshocton County Route 281 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Coshocton County, Ohio\\|Coshocton]]\nFile:Fairfield County Route 20 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Fairfield County, Ohio\\|Fairfield]]\nFile:Fulton County Route 1 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Fulton County, Ohio\\|Fulton]]\nFile:Gallia County Route 79 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Gallia County, Ohio\\|Gallia]]\nFile:Guernsey County Route 35 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Guernsey County, Ohio\\|Guernsey]]\nFile:Hardin County Route 219 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Hardin County, Ohio\\|Hardin]]\nFile:Harrison County Route 21 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Harrison County, Ohio\\|Harrison]]\nFile:Henry County Route M1 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Henry County, Ohio\\|Henry]]\nFile:Hocking County Route 33A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Hocking County, Ohio\\|Hocking]]\nFile:Holmes County Route 349 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Holmes County, Ohio\\|Holmes]]\nFile:Jefferson County 22A.svg\\|\\[\\[Jefferson County, Ohio\\|Jefferson]]\nFile:Knox County Route 6 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Knox County, Ohio\\|Knox]]\nFile:Lawrence County Route 62 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Lawrence County, Ohio\\|Lawrence]]\nFile:Licking County Route 41 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Licking County, Ohio\\|Licking]]\nFile:Logan County Route 28 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Logan County, Ohio\\|Logan]]\nFile:Madison County Route 34 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Madison County, Ohio\\|Madison]]\nFile:Mahoning County 8\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Mahoning County, Ohio\\|Mahoning]]\nFile:Medina County Route 16 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Medina County, Ohio\\|Medina]]\nFile:Miami County Route 25A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Miami County, Ohio\\|Miami]]\nFile:Monroe County Route 68 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Monroe County, Ohio\\|Monroe]]\nFile:Morgan County Route 75 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Morgan County, Ohio\\|Morgan]]\nFile:Morrow County Route 15 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Morrow County, Ohio\\|Morrow]]\nFile:Noble County Route 14 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Noble County, Ohio\\|Noble]]\nFile:Ottawa County 1\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Ottawa County, Ohio\\|Ottawa]]\nFile:Paulding County Route 197 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Paulding County, Ohio\\|Paulding]]\nFile:Perry County Route 60 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Perry County, Ohio\\|Perry]]\nFile:Scioto County Route 28 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Scioto County, Ohio\\|Scioto]]\nFile:Seneca County 58\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Seneca County, Ohio\\|Seneca]]\nFile:Shelby County Route 25A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Shelby County, Ohio\\|Shelby]]\nFile:Stark County 348\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Stark County, Ohio\\|Stark]]\nFile:Summit County 17\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Summit County, Ohio\\|Summit]]\nFile:Trumbull County Route 169 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Trumbull County, Ohio\\|Trumbull]]\nFile:Tuscarawas County 3\\.svg\\|\\[\\[Tuscarawas County, Ohio\\|Tuscarawas]]\nFile:Union County Route 168 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Union County, Ohio\\|Union]] (Not commonly used.)\nFile:Vinton County Route 13B OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Vinton County, Ohio\\|Vinton]]\nFile:Washington County Route 84 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Washington County, Ohio\\|Washington]]\nFile:Wayne County Route 30A OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Wayne County, Ohio\\|Wayne]]\nFile:Williams County Route 22\\.75 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Williams County, Ohio\\|Williams]]\nFile:Wyandot County Route 130 OH.svg\\|\\[\\[Wyandot County, Ohio\\|Wyandot]]\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of numbered highways in Ohio](/wiki/List_of_numbered_highways_in_Ohio \"List of numbered highways in Ohio\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [The Ohio County Road Sign Gallery](https://www.angelfire.com/oh5/countysigns/) [https://web.archive.org/web/\\*/http://www.gribblenation.net/ohio/countysigns/\\*](https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.gribblenation.net/ohio/countysigns/*)<https://web.archive.org/web/20071111231641/http://www.gribblenation.net/ohio/countysigns/the_counties.htm>\n\n[Category:Roads in Ohio](/wiki/Category:Roads_in_Ohio \"Roads in Ohio\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Shil, Moho Budruk
|
{
"id": [
46469420
],
"name": [
"OpalYosutebito"
]
}
|
0b3elotd2ypqr4l8z82iek9p20n0nnr
|
2024-07-08T12:45:25Z
| 1,147,122,319 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Demographics",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Shil** is a village in the [Palghar district](/wiki/Palghar_district \"Palghar district\") of [Maharashtra](/wiki/Maharashtra \"Maharashtra\"), [India](/wiki/India \"India\"). It is located in the [Vikramgad](/wiki/Vikramgad \"Vikramgad\") [taluka](/wiki/Taluka \"Taluka\"). It comes under the administration of [Moho Budruk](/wiki/Moho_Budruk \"Moho Budruk\") [panchayat](/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India \"Panchayati raj in India\").[Integrated Management Information System (IMIS)](http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISWeb/DataEntry/HabitationDirectory/Reports/Rep_DirectoryList.aspx?Condition=P50votMRqBU%3D&id=yQyD0j3gByiuIir6TKduSQ%3D%3D&StateName=4CsWlfDrz2Y0i1j3vFx6xw%3D%3D&DistrictName=cho0XJ0KkzP6ZP06E1DpCg%3D%3D&level=cMpX3xtH%2BqA%3D&sublevel=zf5afxWBEDk%3D)\n\n",
"Demographics\n------------\n\nAccording to the [2011 census of India](/wiki/2011_census_of_India \"2011 census of India\"), Shil has 267 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 64\\.17%.\n\n| \\+ Demographics (2011 Census) | | Total | Male | Female |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Population | 1165 | 579 | 586 |\n| Children aged below 6 years | 177 | 85 | 92 |\n| [Scheduled caste](/wiki/Scheduled_caste \"Scheduled caste\") | 0 | 0 | 0 |\n| [Scheduled tribe](/wiki/Scheduled_tribe \"Scheduled tribe\") | 909 | 448 | 461 |\n| Literates | 634 | 361 | 273 |\n| Workers (all) | 636 | 362 | 274 |\n| Main workers (total) | 458 | 285 | 173 |\n| Main workers: Cultivators | 97 | 72 | 25 |\n| Main workers: Agricultural labourers | 188 | 106 | 82 |\n| Main workers: Household industry workers | 6 | 4 | 2 |\n| Main workers: Other | 167 | 103 | 64 |\n| Marginal workers (total) | 178 | 77 | 101 |\n| Marginal workers: Cultivators | 8 | 4 | 4 |\n| Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers | 44 | 17 | 27 |\n| Marginal workers: Household industry workers | 1 | 0 | 1 |\n| Marginal workers: Others | 125 | 56 | 69 |\n| Non\\-workers | 529 | 217 | 312 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Vikramgad taluka](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Vikramgad_taluka \"Villages in Vikramgad taluka\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Henriette Reker
|
{
"id": [
27015025
],
"name": [
"InternetArchiveBot"
]
}
|
3v147jzaxft37ioypqn3st63nzw3gq8
|
2024-07-29T07:08:07Z
| 1,225,188,990 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early career",
"Political career",
"Assassination attempt",
"New Year's Eve sexual assaults on women",
"Other activities",
"Corporate boards",
"Non-profit organizations",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Henriette Reker** (born 9 December 1956\\) is a German lawyer and [independent politician](/wiki/Independent_politician \"Independent politician\"). She is known for her pro\\-immigration stance and for being the victim of an assassination attempt in 2015\\. A day after the attack, Reker was elected [mayor of Cologne](/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cologne \"List of mayors of Cologne\") after gaining 52\\.66% of the votes.City of Cologne: [Oberbuergermeisterwahl](http://wahlen.stadt-koeln.de/prod/OB2015/05315000/html5/Oberbuergermeisterwahl_Gemeinde_Stadt_Koeln.html) , retrieved 19 October 2015 She is the first female mayor elected in Cologne's history. Reker was re\\-elected in 2020\\.\n\n",
"Early career\n------------\n\nBorn in [Cologne](/wiki/Cologne \"Cologne\"), Reker worked as legal [counsel](/wiki/Counsel \"Counsel\") for the State Association of Guild Health Insurance Funds in [Münster](/wiki/M%C3%BCnster \"Münster\") from 1992 until 2000\\.\n\n",
"Political career\n----------------\n\nFrom 2000 until 2010, Reker served as deputy mayor for Social Affairs, Health and Consumer Protection of [Gelsenkirchen](/wiki/Gelsenkirchen \"Gelsenkirchen\"). In 2010 she was appointed a mayoral deputy for social affairs, integration and the environment of the city of Cologne.\n\nSupported by the [CDU](/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany \"Christian Democratic Union of Germany\"), [FDP](/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_%28Germany%29 \"Free Democratic Party (Germany)\"), and [The Greens](/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens \"Alliance '90/The Greens\"), Reker ran for [Mayor of Cologne](/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cologne \"List of mayors of Cologne\") in October 2015[\"Die Frau, die an ihrer Stadt leidet\"](https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article147725247/Die-Frau-die-an-ihrer-Stadt-leidet.html) in *[Die Welt](/wiki/Die_Welt \"Die Welt\")*, 17 October 2015 and was re\\-elected in September 2020\\.[\"Stichwahl der Oberbürgermeisterin/des Oberbürgermeisters](https://wahlen.stadt-koeln.de/prod/KW2020/05315000/html5/Buergermeisterstichwahl_NRW_46_Gemeinde_Stadt_Koeln.html) in *[Stadt Köln](/wiki/Stadt_K%C3%B6ln \"Stadt Köln\")*, 27 September 2020\n\n### Assassination attempt\n\n[thumb\\|Crime scene of the attack on Reker](/wiki/File:Attack_on_Henriette_Reker%2C_crime_scene.jpg \"Attack on Henriette Reker, crime scene.jpg\")\nAt a public event on 17 October 2015, the day before the mayoral election, Reker was seriously wounded when a 44\\-year\\-old man stabbed her in the neck with a knife, while shouting about an \"influx of refugees\". State prosecutors confirmed the attack to be [politically](/wiki/Politically \"Politically\") motivated, after the perpetrator \"confessed to having [xenophobic](/wiki/Xenophobia \"Xenophobia\") motives at the uncontrolled influx of migrants\". As a member of Cologne's municipal administration, Reker had been responsible for the housing and integration of [refugees](/wiki/Refugee \"Refugee\"). Her aide was also hurt in the attack, as were three other people who had tried to subdue her attacker. Reker's main rival in the mayoral election, Social Democrat [Jochen Ott](/wiki/Jochen_Ott \"Jochen Ott\"), suspended his campaign after the attack. Reker won the election while remaining in the intensive care unit of a local hospital.\n\nFederal prosecutors soon took over the case from state prosecutors in Cologne on grounds of the particularly dangerous nature of the stabbing, which came against the backdrop of a rising tide of attacks on accommodation for refugees in Germany. In late October, they charged a 44\\-year\\-old German man with [attempted murder](/wiki/Attempted_murder \"Attempted murder\") and dangerous bodily harm. At the time, the authorities said the perpetrator was driven by his anger over Reker's work on the refugee issue. The attacker was sentenced to fourteen years in prison, with Reker recovering to testify at the trial.\n\n### New Year's Eve sexual assaults on women\n\nReker was accused of [victim blaming](/wiki/Victim_blaming \"Victim blaming\") following [the attacks](/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve_sexual_assaults_in_Germany \"New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany\") at Cologne's 2016 New Year's Eve celebrations. She claimed that \"there's always the possibility of keeping a certain distance of more than an arm's length – that is to say to make sure yourself you don't look to be too close to people who are not known to you, and to whom you don't have a trusting relationship\". Reker was condemned by [Lodewijk Asscher](/wiki/Lodewijk_Asscher \"Lodewijk Asscher\"), [Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands](/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands \"Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands\"), for implying that women could have prevented the attacks against themselves. Reker accused the media of taking her comments out of context: she claimed that she had only reacted to a reporter's question by quoting an existing communal guideline for safety during partying in a speech.\n\n",
"### Assassination attempt\n\n[thumb\\|Crime scene of the attack on Reker](/wiki/File:Attack_on_Henriette_Reker%2C_crime_scene.jpg \"Attack on Henriette Reker, crime scene.jpg\")\nAt a public event on 17 October 2015, the day before the mayoral election, Reker was seriously wounded when a 44\\-year\\-old man stabbed her in the neck with a knife, while shouting about an \"influx of refugees\". State prosecutors confirmed the attack to be [politically](/wiki/Politically \"Politically\") motivated, after the perpetrator \"confessed to having [xenophobic](/wiki/Xenophobia \"Xenophobia\") motives at the uncontrolled influx of migrants\". As a member of Cologne's municipal administration, Reker had been responsible for the housing and integration of [refugees](/wiki/Refugee \"Refugee\"). Her aide was also hurt in the attack, as were three other people who had tried to subdue her attacker. Reker's main rival in the mayoral election, Social Democrat [Jochen Ott](/wiki/Jochen_Ott \"Jochen Ott\"), suspended his campaign after the attack. Reker won the election while remaining in the intensive care unit of a local hospital.\n\nFederal prosecutors soon took over the case from state prosecutors in Cologne on grounds of the particularly dangerous nature of the stabbing, which came against the backdrop of a rising tide of attacks on accommodation for refugees in Germany. In late October, they charged a 44\\-year\\-old German man with [attempted murder](/wiki/Attempted_murder \"Attempted murder\") and dangerous bodily harm. At the time, the authorities said the perpetrator was driven by his anger over Reker's work on the refugee issue. The attacker was sentenced to fourteen years in prison, with Reker recovering to testify at the trial.\n\n",
"### New Year's Eve sexual assaults on women\n\nReker was accused of [victim blaming](/wiki/Victim_blaming \"Victim blaming\") following [the attacks](/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve_sexual_assaults_in_Germany \"New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany\") at Cologne's 2016 New Year's Eve celebrations. She claimed that \"there's always the possibility of keeping a certain distance of more than an arm's length – that is to say to make sure yourself you don't look to be too close to people who are not known to you, and to whom you don't have a trusting relationship\". Reker was condemned by [Lodewijk Asscher](/wiki/Lodewijk_Asscher \"Lodewijk Asscher\"), [Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands](/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands \"Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands\"), for implying that women could have prevented the attacks against themselves. Reker accused the media of taking her comments out of context: she claimed that she had only reacted to a reporter's question by quoting an existing communal guideline for safety during partying in a speech.\n\n",
"Other activities\n----------------\n\n### Corporate boards\n\n* [Cologne Bonn Airport](/wiki/Cologne_Bonn_Airport \"Cologne Bonn Airport\"), ex\\-officio member of the supervisory board\n* [Koelnmesse](/wiki/Koelnmesse \"Koelnmesse\"), ex\\-officio chairwoman of the supervisory board\n* [NRW.BANK](/wiki/NRW.BANK \"NRW.BANK\"), member of the advisory board\n* Rheinenergie, member of the advisory board\n* [RWE](/wiki/RWE \"RWE\"), member of the advisory board\n* [Stadtwerke Köln](/wiki/Stadtwerke_K%C3%B6ln \"Stadtwerke Köln\"), ex\\-officio member of the supervisory board\n\n### Non\\-profit organizations\n\n* [1\\. FC Köln](/wiki/1._FC_K%C3%B6ln \"1. FC Köln\"), member of the advisory board (since 2019\\)\n* Theodor Heuss Foundation, member of the board of trustees (since 2019\\)\\[Board of Trustees] Theodor Heuss Foundation.\n* [Academy of Media Arts Cologne](/wiki/Academy_of_Media_Arts_Cologne \"Academy of Media Arts Cologne\") (KHM), member of the board of trustees[Board of Trustees](https://www.khm.de/partner/) [Academy of Media Arts Cologne](/wiki/Academy_of_Media_Arts_Cologne \"Academy of Media Arts Cologne\").\n* [Technical University of Cologne](/wiki/Technical_University_of_Cologne \"Technical University of Cologne\"), member of the board of trustees\n* Stiftung Lebendige Stadt, member of the board of trustees\n* [German Society for Photography](/wiki/German_Society_for_Photography \"German Society for Photography\") (DGPh), member\n* Kölnische Karnevalsgesellschaft, member\n* [Soroptimist International](/wiki/Soroptimist_International \"Soroptimist International\") (SI), Member[Members](https://clubkoelnkolumba.soroptimist.de/ueber-uns/organisation/mitglieder/) [Soroptimist International Club Köln\\-Kolumba](/wiki/Soroptimist_International \"Soroptimist International\").\n* Amerika Haus e.V. NRW, ex\\-officio member of the board of trustees\n* [Stiftung Stadtgedächtnis](/wiki/Historical_Archive_of_the_City_of_Cologne \"Historical Archive of the City of Cologne\"), member of the board of trustees\n* Society for Control of Common Diseases in the Ruhr District, chairwoman\n* Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, member of the supervisory board (2011–2015\\)\n* Godeshöhe Neurological Rehabilitation Center, member of the supervisory board (2011–2015\\)\n* RehaNova Neurological and Neurosurgical Rehabilitation Clinic, member of the supervisory board (2011–2015\\)\n",
"### Corporate boards\n\n* [Cologne Bonn Airport](/wiki/Cologne_Bonn_Airport \"Cologne Bonn Airport\"), ex\\-officio member of the supervisory board\n* [Koelnmesse](/wiki/Koelnmesse \"Koelnmesse\"), ex\\-officio chairwoman of the supervisory board\n* [NRW.BANK](/wiki/NRW.BANK \"NRW.BANK\"), member of the advisory board\n* Rheinenergie, member of the advisory board\n* [RWE](/wiki/RWE \"RWE\"), member of the advisory board\n* [Stadtwerke Köln](/wiki/Stadtwerke_K%C3%B6ln \"Stadtwerke Köln\"), ex\\-officio member of the supervisory board\n",
"### Non\\-profit organizations\n\n* [1\\. FC Köln](/wiki/1._FC_K%C3%B6ln \"1. FC Köln\"), member of the advisory board (since 2019\\)\n* Theodor Heuss Foundation, member of the board of trustees (since 2019\\)\\[Board of Trustees] Theodor Heuss Foundation.\n* [Academy of Media Arts Cologne](/wiki/Academy_of_Media_Arts_Cologne \"Academy of Media Arts Cologne\") (KHM), member of the board of trustees[Board of Trustees](https://www.khm.de/partner/) [Academy of Media Arts Cologne](/wiki/Academy_of_Media_Arts_Cologne \"Academy of Media Arts Cologne\").\n* [Technical University of Cologne](/wiki/Technical_University_of_Cologne \"Technical University of Cologne\"), member of the board of trustees\n* Stiftung Lebendige Stadt, member of the board of trustees\n* [German Society for Photography](/wiki/German_Society_for_Photography \"German Society for Photography\") (DGPh), member\n* Kölnische Karnevalsgesellschaft, member\n* [Soroptimist International](/wiki/Soroptimist_International \"Soroptimist International\") (SI), Member[Members](https://clubkoelnkolumba.soroptimist.de/ueber-uns/organisation/mitglieder/) [Soroptimist International Club Köln\\-Kolumba](/wiki/Soroptimist_International \"Soroptimist International\").\n* Amerika Haus e.V. NRW, ex\\-officio member of the board of trustees\n* [Stiftung Stadtgedächtnis](/wiki/Historical_Archive_of_the_City_of_Cologne \"Historical Archive of the City of Cologne\"), member of the board of trustees\n* Society for Control of Common Diseases in the Ruhr District, chairwoman\n* Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, member of the supervisory board (2011–2015\\)\n* Godeshöhe Neurological Rehabilitation Center, member of the supervisory board (2011–2015\\)\n* RehaNova Neurological and Neurosurgical Rehabilitation Clinic, member of the supervisory board (2011–2015\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Curriculum vitae on the website of the City of Cologne](http://www.stadt-koeln.de/service/adressen/dezernat-v-soziales-integration-und-umwelt) \n\n[Category:1956 births](/wiki/Category:1956_births \"1956 births\")\n[Category:German victims of crime](/wiki/Category:German_victims_of_crime \"German victims of crime\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Stabbing survivors](/wiki/Category:Stabbing_survivors \"Stabbing survivors\")\n[Category:Mayors of Cologne](/wiki/Category:Mayors_of_Cologne \"Mayors of Cologne\")\n[Category:21st\\-century German women politicians](/wiki/Category:21st-century_German_women_politicians \"21st-century German women politicians\")\n\n"
]
}
|
1785 in Austria
|
{
"id": [
11487766
],
"name": [
"LucasBrown"
]
}
|
gx2vaqgrhd5f642hsevrixs8tgysssb
|
2024-08-15T22:53:26Z
| 1,207,922,026 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Incumbents",
"Events",
"Births",
"Deaths",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
" \n\nEvents from the year **1785 in [Austria](/wiki/Austria \"Austria\")**\n\n",
"Incumbents\n----------\n\n* [Monarch](/wiki/List_of_Austrian_monarchs \"List of Austrian monarchs\") – [Joseph II](/wiki/Joseph_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor \"Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor\")\n",
"Events\n------\n\n* [July 29](/wiki/July_29 \"July 29\") \\- [Vienna](/wiki/Vienna \"Vienna\") experienced a [flood](/wiki/Flood \"Flood\") that left much of the city submerged underwater\n* [Treaty of Fontainebleau (1785\\)](/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_%281785%29 \"Treaty of Fontainebleau (1785)\")\n\n",
"Births\n------\n\n",
"Deaths\n------\n\n* [December 26](/wiki/December_26 \"December 26\") \\- [Ignatz Anton von Weiser](/wiki/Ignatz_Anton_von_Weiser \"Ignatz Anton von Weiser\") was a renowned [playwright](/wiki/Playwright \"Playwright\") and dialect poet. (b. 1701\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1785 in the Habsburg monarchy](/wiki/Category:1785_in_the_Habsburg_monarchy \"1785 in the Habsburg monarchy\")\n[Category:1785 in the Holy Roman Empire](/wiki/Category:1785_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire \"1785 in the Holy Roman Empire\")\n[Category:Years of the 18th century in Austria](/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_18th_century_in_Austria \"Years of the 18th century in Austria\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Idris Lewis
|
{
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
}
|
9mlu6fydu6uw46ebtad7sqgs177kevh
|
2024-07-24T04:16:18Z
| 1,227,532,160 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Selected filmography",
"References",
"Bibliography",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Idris Lewis** (21 November 1889 – 15 April 1952\\) was a Welsh [conductor](/wiki/Conducting \"Conducting\") and [composer](/wiki/Composer \"Composer\").Taves p.160 He worked on the [film scores](/wiki/Film_scores \"Film scores\") of a number of productions during the 1930s, when he was employed by [British International Pictures](/wiki/British_International_Pictures \"British International Pictures\"). He was the Director of Music for the [Welsh Region of the BBC](/wiki/BBC_Wales \"BBC Wales\").\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nIdris Lewis was born in [Birchgrove](/wiki/Birchgrove%2C_Swansea \"Birchgrove, Swansea\") near [Swansea](/wiki/Swansea \"Swansea\") on 21 November 1889, the son of a coal miner. He was interested in music as a child, and when he was sixteen he won a scholarship to study at the [Royal College of Music](/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music \"Royal College of Music\") in London.\n\nIn 1911 and 1912, after completing his studies at the Royal College, Lewis toured India and the Far East, giving piano recitals.\n\nHe became assistant director at [Daly's Theatre](/wiki/Daly%27s_Theatre \"Daly's Theatre\") in London, and musical director at the [Lyric](/wiki/Lyric_Theatre%2C_London \"Lyric Theatre, London\") and [Gaiety Theatres](/wiki/Gaiety_Theatre%2C_London \"Gaiety Theatre, London\"). He was also organist at the [Charing Cross Road Welsh Presbyterian Chapel](/wiki/Charing_Cross_Road_Welsh_Presbyterian_Chapel \"Charing Cross Road Welsh Presbyterian Chapel\") and conductor of the London Welsh Choral Society and of the London Welsh Male Voice Choir.\n\nIn 1927 he joined the film company [British International Pictures](/wiki/British_International_Pictures \"British International Pictures\"), where he was the musical director from 1931 to 1937\\. While there he arranged the music for several films.\n\nHis work on the 1934 film *[Blossom Time](/wiki/Blossom_Time_%281934_film%29 \"Blossom Time (1934 film)\")* starring [Richard Tauber](/wiki/Richard_Tauber \"Richard Tauber\") brought Lewis to the attention of the BBC, and in 1936 he became the first Music Director of the [Welsh Region of the BBC](/wiki/BBC_Wales \"BBC Wales\") in Cardiff, where his assistants were to include the composers [Mansel Thomas](/wiki/Mansel_Thomas \"Mansel Thomas\") and [Arwel Hughes](/wiki/Arwel_Hughes \"Arwel Hughes\"). At the BBC Lewis was responsible for several radio series of popular vocal music, including *Melys Lais* and *Cenwch im yr hen ganiadau*.\n\nIn addition to his film compositions, Lewis composed songs and arranged works for male voice choir. His song cycle *Alun Mabon* is a setting of a pastoral poem in Welsh by [John Ceiriog Hughes](/wiki/John_Ceiriog_Hughes \"John Ceiriog Hughes\") (1832–1887\\), and includes *Cân Yr Arad Goch* which has become well known and has been recorded by singers including [Bryn Terfel](/wiki/Bryn_Terfel \"Bryn Terfel\").\n\nIdris Evans died at his home in Cardiff on 15 April 1952\\.\n\n",
"Selected filmography\n--------------------\n\n* *[Why Sailors Leave Home](/wiki/Why_Sailors_Leave_Home \"Why Sailors Leave Home\")* (1930\\)\n* *[Love Lies](/wiki/Love_Lies_%281931_film%29 \"Love Lies (1931 film)\")* (1931\\)\n* *[Brother Alfred](/wiki/Brother_Alfred \"Brother Alfred\")* (1932\\)\n* *[Let Me Explain, Dear](/wiki/Let_Me_Explain%2C_Dear \"Let Me Explain, Dear\")* (1932\\)\n* *[Strip! Strip! Hooray!!!](/wiki/Strip%21_Strip%21_Hooray%21%21%21 \"Strip! Strip! Hooray!!!\")* (1932\\)\n* *[Mr. Bill the Conqueror](/wiki/Mr._Bill_the_Conqueror \"Mr. Bill the Conqueror\")* (1932\\)\n* *[Letting in the Sunshine](/wiki/Letting_in_the_Sunshine \"Letting in the Sunshine\")* (1933\\)\n* *[Radio Parade](/wiki/Radio_Parade \"Radio Parade\")* (1933\\)\n* *[The Blarney Stone](/wiki/The_Blarney_Stone_%28film%29 \"The Blarney Stone (film)\")* (1933\\)\n* *[Money Talks](/wiki/Money_Talks_%281933_film%29 \"Money Talks (1933 film)\")* (1933\\)\n* *[Blossom Time](/wiki/Blossom_Time_%281934_film%29 \"Blossom Time (1934 film)\")* (1934\\)\n* *[Heart's Desire](/wiki/Heart%27s_Desire_%281935_film%29 \"Heart's Desire (1935 film)\")* (1935\\)\n* *[It's a Bet](/wiki/It%27s_a_Bet \"It's a Bet\")* (1935\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n* Taves, Brian. *P.G. Wodehouse and Hollywood: Screenwriting, Satires and Adaptations*. McFarland, 2006\\.\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1889 births](/wiki/Category:1889_births \"1889 births\")\n[Category:1952 deaths](/wiki/Category:1952_deaths \"1952 deaths\")\n[Category:Welsh composers](/wiki/Category:Welsh_composers \"Welsh composers\")\n[Category:Welsh male composers](/wiki/Category:Welsh_male_composers \"Welsh male composers\")\n[Category:Welsh conductors (music)](/wiki/Category:Welsh_conductors_%28music%29 \"Welsh conductors (music)\")\n[Category:Welsh film score composers](/wiki/Category:Welsh_film_score_composers \"Welsh film score composers\")\n[Category:British male conductors (music)](/wiki/Category:British_male_conductors_%28music%29 \"British male conductors (music)\")\n[Category:British male film score composers](/wiki/Category:British_male_film_score_composers \"British male film score composers\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Welsh musicians](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Welsh_musicians \"20th-century Welsh musicians\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Welsh composers](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Welsh_composers \"20th-century Welsh composers\")\n[Category:20th\\-century British conductors (music)](/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_conductors_%28music%29 \"20th-century British conductors (music)\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Welsh male musicians](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Welsh_male_musicians \"20th-century Welsh male musicians\")\n[Category:Musicians from Swansea](/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Swansea \"Musicians from Swansea\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Mahatma Montessori Matriculation Higher Secondary School
|
{
"id": [
42622991
],
"name": [
"Space Night"
]
}
|
tglez9ht2lixxqpyapni8mb431pk7qv
|
2024-09-08T04:24:08Z
| 1,244,620,692 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Scopious Education",
"ELA JEN",
"Generation Global",
"Cambridge English",
"Academics",
"Kindergarten",
"PRIMARY (Grades I–V)",
"MIDDLE & HIGH SCHOOL (Grades VI–X)",
"HIGHER SECONDARY (Grades XI & XII)",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Mahatma Montessori Matriculation Higher Secondary School** is a school in [Madurai](/wiki/Madurai \"Madurai\") in the state of [Tamil Nadu](/wiki/Tamil_Nadu \"Tamil Nadu\") in [southern India](/wiki/South_India \"South India\"). It is home to over 2500 students and about 100\\+ Teaching Staff, 12 coordinators, 2 Vice principal and an Principal. The school is one of 7 schools in the popular \"Mahatma\" Branch. The school is affiliated to the Matriculation Board, Tamil Nadu. The school follows the fabled Montessori System of Education, which is known to encompass the holistic aspects of learning. \n\n",
"Scopious Education\n------------------\n\n### ELA JEN\n\nELA JEN is an integrated educational programme for classes 11 \\& 12 students who are preparing for [JEE](/wiki/Joint_Entrance_Examination \"Joint Entrance Examination\") and NEET.\n\n### Generation Global\n\nGeneration Global is the Tony Blair Institute’s global citizenship education programme for young people aged 13 to 17 that enables them to embrace the future, equipped with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to become active and open\\-minded global citizens.\n\n### Cambridge English\n\nCambridge English classes at various levels empower students chiefly in English proficiency. It provides holistic education with global recognition.\n\n",
"### ELA JEN\n\nELA JEN is an integrated educational programme for classes 11 \\& 12 students who are preparing for [JEE](/wiki/Joint_Entrance_Examination \"Joint Entrance Examination\") and NEET.\n\n",
"### Generation Global\n\nGeneration Global is the Tony Blair Institute’s global citizenship education programme for young people aged 13 to 17 that enables them to embrace the future, equipped with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to become active and open\\-minded global citizens.\n\n",
"### Cambridge English\n\nCambridge English classes at various levels empower students chiefly in English proficiency. It provides holistic education with global recognition.\n\n",
"Academics\n---------\n\n### Kindergarten\n\nFollowing the famous quote, \"I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.\" Mahatma provides diverse engaging activities to enhance children's comprehension. The Montessori system values children's creative potential, their love for learning, and recognizing their uniqueness.\n\n### PRIMARY (Grades I–V)\n\nOur junior school employs centre\\-based learning for close, enjoyable and focused student connections. Varied learning centres spark curiosity with engaging activities. These centres are crucial for customizing instruction in arithmetic and language skills. Audio\\-visual experiences are integral to enhancing language development and fostering confidence in young learners.\n\n### MIDDLE \\& HIGH SCHOOL (Grades VI–X)\n\nThe middle and high school is dedicated to sharpening the fundamental abilities of students, which in turn fosters their comprehensive development. These essential skills equip them to confront the challenges that lie ahead. Counselling and open house sessions serve to shield students from mental stress and enhance their focus.\n\n### HIGHER SECONDARY (Grades XI \\& XII)\n\nElevate your academic journey at our esteemed institution with dynamic higher secondary programmes. Immerse yourself in excellence, as our consistently outstanding results to propel students to success each year.\n\n",
"### Kindergarten\n\nFollowing the famous quote, \"I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.\" Mahatma provides diverse engaging activities to enhance children's comprehension. The Montessori system values children's creative potential, their love for learning, and recognizing their uniqueness.\n\n",
"### PRIMARY (Grades I–V)\n\nOur junior school employs centre\\-based learning for close, enjoyable and focused student connections. Varied learning centres spark curiosity with engaging activities. These centres are crucial for customizing instruction in arithmetic and language skills. Audio\\-visual experiences are integral to enhancing language development and fostering confidence in young learners.\n\n",
"### MIDDLE \\& HIGH SCHOOL (Grades VI–X)\n\nThe middle and high school is dedicated to sharpening the fundamental abilities of students, which in turn fosters their comprehensive development. These essential skills equip them to confront the challenges that lie ahead. Counselling and open house sessions serve to shield students from mental stress and enhance their focus.\n\n",
"### HIGHER SECONDARY (Grades XI \\& XII)\n\nElevate your academic journey at our esteemed institution with dynamic higher secondary programmes. Immerse yourself in excellence, as our consistently outstanding results to propel students to success each year.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Montessori schools in India](/wiki/Category:Montessori_schools_in_India \"Montessori schools in India\")\n[Category:High schools and secondary schools in Tamil Nadu](/wiki/Category:High_schools_and_secondary_schools_in_Tamil_Nadu \"High schools and secondary schools in Tamil Nadu\")\n[Category:Schools in Madurai](/wiki/Category:Schools_in_Madurai \"Schools in Madurai\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Juventud de Torremolinos CF
|
{
"id": [
18948171
],
"name": [
"Zippo85"
]
}
|
3h3wmmmpb1fmu8kn0qldohrgaqmt0j9
|
2024-09-03T07:07:06Z
| 1,243,754,110 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Season to season",
"Current squad",
"Technical Staff",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Juventud de Torremolinos Club de Fútbol** is a [Spanish football team](/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Spain \"List of football clubs in Spain\") based in [Torremolinos](/wiki/Torremolinos \"Torremolinos\"), [Málaga](/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga \"Province of Málaga\"), in the autonomous community of [Andalusia](/wiki/Andalusia \"Andalusia\"). Founded in 1958, it plays in , holding home matches at *Estadio Municipal El Pozuelo*.\n\n",
"Season to season\n----------------\n\n|\n\n| Season | Tier | Division | Place | [Copa del Rey](/wiki/Copa_del_Rey \"Copa del Rey\") |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|1962–63\n\n4\n\n4th\n\n|1963–64\n\n4\n\n|[1964–65](/wiki/1964%E2%80%9365_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1964–65 Tercera División\")\n\n3\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n12th\n\n|[1965–66](/wiki/1965%E2%80%9366_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1965–66 Tercera División\")\n\n3\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n12th\n\n|[1966–67](/wiki/1966%E2%80%9367_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1966–67 Tercera División\")\n\n3\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n15th\n\n|[1967–68](/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1967–68 Tercera División\")\n\n3\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n13th\n\n|1968–69\n\n4\n\n2nd\n\n|1969–70\n\n4\n\n14th\n\n|1970–71\n\n4\n\n11th\n\n|1971–72\n\n4\n\n12th\n\n|1972–73\n\n4\n\n18th\n\n|1973–74\n\n4\n\n20th\n\n|1974–75\n\n5\n\n|1975–76\n\n6\n\n5th\n\n|1976–77\n\n6\n\n14th\n\n|1977–78\n\n6\n\n6th\n\n|1978–79\n\n6\n\n1st\n\n|1979–80\n\n5\n\n[Reg. Pref.](/wiki/Regional_Preferente_de_Andaluc%C3%ADa \"Regional Preferente de Andalucía\")\n\n8th\n\n|[1980–81](/wiki/1980%E2%80%9381_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1980–81 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n5th\n\n|[1981–82](/wiki/1981%E2%80%9382_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1981–82 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n3rd\n\n| Season | Tier | Division | Place | [Copa del Rey](/wiki/Copa_del_Rey \"Copa del Rey\") |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|[1982–83](/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1982–83 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n8th\n\n[1st Round](/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383_Copa_del_Rey \"1982–83 Copa del Rey\")\n\n|[1983–84](/wiki/1983%E2%80%9384_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1983–84 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n14th\n\n[2nd Round](/wiki/1983%E2%80%9384_Copa_del_Rey \"1983–84 Copa del Rey\")\n\n|[1984–85](/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1984–85 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n9th\n\n|[1985–86](/wiki/1985%E2%80%9386_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1985–86 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n10th\n\n|[1986–87](/wiki/1986%E2%80%9387_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1986–87 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n18th\n\n|[1987–88](/wiki/1987%E2%80%9388_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1987–88 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n10th\n\n|[1988–89](/wiki/1988%E2%80%9389_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1988–89 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n14th\n\n|[1989–90](/wiki/1989%E2%80%9390_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1989–90 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n18th\n\n|1990–91\n\n5\n\n[Reg. Pref.](/wiki/Regional_Preferente_de_Andaluc%C3%ADa \"Regional Preferente de Andalucía\")\n\n1st\n\n|[1991–92](/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1991–92 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n16th\n\n|[1992–93](/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1992–93 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n16th\n\n|[1993–94](/wiki/1993%E2%80%9394_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1993–94 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n15th\n\n|[1994–95](/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1994–95 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n7th\n\n|[1995–96](/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1995–96 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n6th\n\n|[1996–97](/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1996–97 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n6th\n\n|[1997–98](/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1997–98 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n9th\n\n|[1998–99](/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1998–99 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n12th\n\n|[1999–2000](/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"1999–2000 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n13th\n\n|[2000–01](/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"2000–01 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n17th\n\n|[2001–02](/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"2001–02 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n19th\n\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n|\n\n| Season | Tier | Division | Place | [Copa del Rey](/wiki/Copa_del_Rey \"Copa del Rey\") |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|2002–03\n\n5\n\n[Reg. Pref.](/wiki/Regional_Preferente_de_Andaluc%C3%ADa \"Regional Preferente de Andalucía\")\n\n11th\n\n|2003–04\n\n5\n\n[Reg. Pref.](/wiki/Regional_Preferente_de_Andaluc%C3%ADa \"Regional Preferente de Andalucía\")\n\n3rd\n\n|2004–05\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n12th\n\n|2005–06\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n10th\n\n|2006–07\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n13th\n\n|2007–08\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n3rd\n\n|2008–09\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n9th\n\n|2009–10\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n8th\n\n|2010–11\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n16th\n\n|2011–12\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n3rd\n\n|[2012–13](/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"2012–13 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n18th\n\n|2013–14\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n2nd\n\n|2014–15\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n4th\n\n|2015–16\n\n5\n\n[1ª And.](/wiki/Primera_Andaluza \"Primera Andaluza\")\n\n6th\n\n|2016–17\n\n5\n\n[Div. Hon.](/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_de_Honor_Andaluza \"División de Honor Andaluza\")\n\n1st\n\n|[2017–18](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"2017–18 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n14th\n\n|[2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"2018–19 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n16th\n\n|2019–20\n\n5\n\n[Div. Hon.](/wiki/Divisi%C3%B3n_de_Honor_Andaluza \"División de Honor Andaluza\")\n\n2nd\n\n|[2020–21](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"2020–21 Tercera División\")\n\n4\n\n[3ª](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n\n2nd\n\n|[2021–22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n_RFEF \"2021–22 Tercera División RFEF\")\n\n5\n\n[3ª RFEF](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n_RFEF \"Tercera División RFEF\")\n\n1st\n\n| Season | Tier | Division | Place | [Copa del Rey](/wiki/Copa_del_Rey \"Copa del Rey\") |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|[2022–23](/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Segunda_Federaci%C3%B3n \"2022–23 Segunda Federación\")\n\n4\n\n[2ª Fed.](/wiki/Segunda_Federaci%C3%B3n \"Segunda Federación\")\n\n16th\n\n|[2023–24](/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Tercera_Federaci%C3%B3n \"2023–24 Tercera Federación\")\n\n5\n\n[3ª Fed.](/wiki/Tercera_Federaci%C3%B3n \"Tercera Federación\")\n\n1st\n\n|[2024–25](/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_Segunda_Federaci%C3%B3n \"2024–25 Segunda Federación\")\n\n4\n\n[2ª Fed.](/wiki/Segunda_Federaci%C3%B3n \"Segunda Federación\")\n\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n---\n\n* **2** seasons in [Segunda Federación](/wiki/Segunda_Federaci%C3%B3n \"Segunda Federación\")\n* **29** seasons in [Tercera División](/wiki/Tercera_Divisi%C3%B3n \"Tercera División\")\n* **2** seasons in [Tercera Federación](/wiki/Tercera_Federaci%C3%B3n \"Tercera Federación\")/Tercera División RFEF\n",
"Current squad\n-------------\n\n",
"Technical Staff\n---------------\n\n| Position | Name |\n| --- | --- |\n| Manager | [Antonio Calderón](/wiki/Antonio_Calder%C3%B3n \"Antonio Calderón\") |\n| Assistant coaches | Salvador Marfil |\n| Goalkeeping coach | Ángel Aranda |\n| Fitness coach | Isidro Ruiz Fernández |\n| Physiotherapist | José Antonio Rodríguez Vega |\n| Technical Director | [Hamid Estili](/wiki/Hamid_Estili \"Hamid Estili\") |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [La Preferente team profile](http://www.lapreferente.com/index.php?IDequipo=141) \n* [ArefePedia team profile](http://arefepedia.wikifoundry.com/page/Juventud+Torremolinos) \n* [Soccerway team profile](https://int.soccerway.com/teams/spain/juventud-torremolinos-cf/23520/)\n\n[Category:Football clubs in Andalusia](/wiki/Category:Football_clubs_in_Andalusia \"Football clubs in Andalusia\")\n[Category:Association football clubs established in 1958](/wiki/Category:Association_football_clubs_established_in_1958 \"Association football clubs established in 1958\")\n[Category:1958 establishments in Spain](/wiki/Category:1958_establishments_in_Spain \"1958 establishments in Spain\")\n[Category:Torremolinos](/wiki/Category:Torremolinos \"Torremolinos\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Cassa di Risparmio di Fabriano e Cupramontana
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
mtsb8p2g4sap0ezipgmj0qf0bv5hzl8
|
2024-09-18T20:49:07Z
| 1,095,041,691 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Sponsorship",
"Bank Foundation",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Cassa di Risparmio di Fabriano e Cupramontana S.p.A.** known as **Carifac**, is a former Italian regional retail bank, before owned by [Veneto Banca](/wiki/Veneto_Banca \"Veneto Banca\") and now by [Intesa Sanpaolo](/wiki/Intesa_Sanpaolo \"Intesa Sanpaolo\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe bank was owned by a philanthropic organization: Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Fabriano e Cupramontana (Fondazione Carifac) but acquired by and absorbed into [Veneto Banca](/wiki/Veneto_Banca \"Veneto Banca\") in the 2010s. [Cattolica Assicurazioni](/wiki/Cattolica_Assicurazioni \"Cattolica Assicurazioni\") was a minority owner for 17\\.33% in 2005\\.\n\n",
"Sponsorship\n-----------\n\nCarifac was a sponsor of [Fabriano Basket](/wiki/Fabriano_Basket \"Fabriano Basket\").\n\n",
"Bank Foundation\n---------------\n\n**Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Fabriano e Cupramontana** or **Fondazione Carifac** held 561,603 shares of Veneto Banca as of 31 December 2014\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official Site](https://web.archive.org/web/20070520121125/http://www.carifac.it/) \n* [Fondazione Carifac](http://www.fondazionecarifac.it/) \n\n[Category:Defunct banks of Italy](/wiki/Category:Defunct_banks_of_Italy \"Defunct banks of Italy\")\n[Category:Banks disestablished in 2013](/wiki/Category:Banks_disestablished_in_2013 \"Banks disestablished in 2013\")\n[Category:Italian companies disestablished in 2013](/wiki/Category:Italian_companies_disestablished_in_2013 \"Italian companies disestablished in 2013\")\n[Category:Companies based in Marche](/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Marche \"Companies based in Marche\")\n[Category:Province of Ancona](/wiki/Category:Province_of_Ancona \"Province of Ancona\")\n[Category:Fabriano](/wiki/Category:Fabriano \"Fabriano\")\n\n"
]
}
|
List of North, Central American and Caribbean under-23 records in athletics
|
{
"id": [
10951369
],
"name": [
"Onel5969"
]
}
|
2isngt34eol99mx9cqq3laid8mqqyuc
|
2024-10-15T22:39:38Z
| 1,250,247,279 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Outdoor",
"Men",
"Women",
"Indoor",
"Men",
"Women",
"Notes",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**North, Central American and Caribbean U\\-23 records in the sport of [athletics](/wiki/Athletics_%28sport%29 \"Athletics (sport)\")** are the all\\-time best marks set in competition by an athlete who competes for a member nation of the North American, Central American and Caribbean Athletics Association (NACAC) by aged 22 or younger throughout the entire calendar year of the performance. Technically, in all under\\-23 age divisions, the age is calculated \"on December 31 of the year of competition\" to avoid age group switching during a competitive season. NACAC doesn't maintain an official list for such performances. All bests shown on this list are tracked by statisticians not officially sanctioned by the governing body.\n\n",
"Outdoor\n-------\n\n### Men\n\n| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Meet | Place | Age | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [100 m](/wiki/100_metres \"100 metres\") | 9\\.69 (0\\.0 m/s) | [Usain Bolt](/wiki/Usain_Bolt \"Usain Bolt\") | | 16 August 2008 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metres \"Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres\") | [Beijing](/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium \"Beijing National Stadium\"), China | | |\n| [200 m](/wiki/200_metres \"200 metres\") | 19\\.26 (\\+0\\.7 m/s) | [Yohan Blake](/wiki/Yohan_Blake \"Yohan Blake\") | | 16 September 2011 | [Memorial Van Damme](/wiki/Memorial_Van_Damme \"Memorial Van Damme\") | [Brussels](/wiki/King_Baudouin_Stadium \"King Baudouin Stadium\"), Belgium | | |\n| [400 m](/wiki/400_metres \"400 metres\") | 43\\.50 | [Quincy Watts](/wiki/Quincy_Watts \"Quincy Watts\") | | 5 August 1992 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metres \"Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres\") | [Barcelona](/wiki/Estadi_Ol%C3%ADmpic_Llu%C3%ADs_Companys \"Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys\"), Spain | | |\n| [600 m](/wiki/600_metres \"600 metres\") | 1:13\\.80 | [Earl Jones](/wiki/Earl_Jones_%28athlete%29 \"Earl Jones (athlete)\") | | 24 May 1986 | | [Santa Monica, California](/wiki/Santa_Monica%2C_California \"Santa Monica, California\"), United States | | |\n| [800 m](/wiki/800_metres \"800 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [1000 m](/wiki/1000_metres \"1000 metres\") | 2:16\\.46 | [Hobbs Kessler](/wiki/Hobbs_Kessler \"Hobbs Kessler\") | | 10 August 2022 | [Herculis](/wiki/Herculis \"Herculis\") | [Fontvielle](/wiki/Stade_Louis_II \"Stade Louis II\"), Monaco | | |\n| [1500 m](/wiki/1500_metres \"1500 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [Mile](/wiki/Mile_run \"Mile run\") (road) | 3:56\\.13 | [Hobbs Kessler](/wiki/Hobbs_Kessler \"Hobbs Kessler\") | | 1 October 2023 | [World Road Running Championships](/wiki/2023_World_Athletics_Road_Running_Championships \"2023 World Athletics Road Running Championships\") | [Riga](/wiki/Riga \"Riga\"), Latvia | | |\n| [3000 m](/wiki/3000_metres \"3000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [5000 m](/wiki/5000_metres \"5000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [10000 m](/wiki/10%2C000_metres \"10,000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [Marathon](/wiki/Marathon \"Marathon\") | | | | | | |\n| [110 m hurdles](/wiki/110_metres_hurdles \"110 metres hurdles\") | 12\\.87 (\\+0\\.9 m/s) | [Dayron Robles](/wiki/Dayron_Robles \"Dayron Robles\") | | 6 June 2008 | [Golden Spike Ostrava](/wiki/Golden_Spike_Ostrava \"Golden Spike Ostrava\") | [Ostrava](/wiki/Ostrava \"Ostrava\"), Czech Republic | | |\n| [300 m hurdles](/wiki/300_metres_hurdles \"300 metres hurdles\") | 34\\.83 | [Vance Nilsson](/wiki/Vance_Nilsson \"Vance Nilsson\") | | 11 May 2024 | [AIA](/wiki/Arizona_Interscholastic_Association \"Arizona Interscholastic Association\") State Championships | [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa%2C_Arizona \"Mesa, Arizona\"), United States | | |\n| [400 m hurdles](/wiki/400_metres_hurdles \"400 metres hurdles\") | 47\\.30 | [Bershawn Jackson](/wiki/Bershawn_Jackson \"Bershawn Jackson\") | | 9 August 2005 | [World Championships](/wiki/2005_World_Championships_in_Athletics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metres_hurdles \"2005 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 400 metres hurdles\") | [Helsinki](/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium \"Helsinki Olympic Stadium\"), Finland | | |\n| [3000 m steeplechase](/wiki/3000_metres_steeplechase \"3000 metres steeplechase\") | | | | | | |\n| [High jump](/wiki/High_jump \"High jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Pole vault](/wiki/Pole_vault \"Pole vault\") | | | | | | |\n| [Long jump](/wiki/Long_jump \"Long jump\") | 8\\.90 m (\\+2\\.0 m/s) | [Bob Beamon](/wiki/Bob_Beamon \"Bob Beamon\") | | 18 October 1968 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_long_jump \"Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump\") | [Mexico City](/wiki/Mexico_City \"Mexico City\"), Mexico | | |\n| [Triple jump](/wiki/Triple_jump \"Triple jump\") | 18\\.08 m (0\\.0 m/s) | [Pedro Pablo Pichardo](/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Pichardo \"Pedro Pablo Pichardo\") | | 28 May 2015 | Copa Cuba\\-Memorial Barrientos | [Havana](/wiki/Havana \"Havana\"), Cuba | | |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | 22\\.42 m | [Randy Barnes](/wiki/Randy_Barnes \"Randy Barnes\") | | 17 August 1988 | [Athletissima](/wiki/Athletissima \"Athletissima\") | [Zürich](/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich \"Zürich\"), Switzerland | | |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | | | | | |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | 84\\.38 m | [Ethan Katzberg](/wiki/Ethan_Katzberg \"Ethan Katzberg\") | | 20 April 2024 | [Kip Keino Classic](/wiki/Kip_Keino_Classic \"Kip Keino Classic\") | [Nairobi](/wiki/Moi_International_Sports_Centre \"Moi International Sports Centre\"), Kenya | | |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | 90\\.16 m | [Keshorn Walcott](/wiki/Keshorn_Walcott \"Keshorn Walcott\") | | 9 July 2015 | [Athletissima](/wiki/Athletissima \"Athletissima\") | [Lausanne](/wiki/Stade_olympique_de_la_Pontaise \"Stade olympique de la Pontaise\"), Switzerland | | |\n|[Decathlon](/wiki/Decathlon \"Decathlon\")\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n|\n\n |\n| [10000 m walk](/wiki/10%2C000_metres_race_walk \"10,000 metres race walk\") (track) | 39:27\\.10 | [Emiliano Barba](/wiki/Emiliano_Barba \"Emiliano Barba\") | | 30 August 2024 | [World U20 Championships](/wiki/2024_World_Athletics_U20_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_10%2C000_metres_walk \"2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 10,000 metres walk\") | [Lima](/wiki/Lima \"Lima\"), Peru | | |\n| [20 km walk](/wiki/20_kilometres_race_walk \"20 kilometres race walk\") (road) | | | | | | |\n| [50 km walk](/wiki/50_kilometres_race_walk \"50 kilometres race walk\") (road) | | | | | | |\n| [4 × 100 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay \"4 × 100 metres relay\") | | | | | | |\n| [4 × 400 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"4 × 400 metres relay\") | 2:56\\.16 | [Vince Matthews](/wiki/Vincent_Matthews_%28athlete%29 \"Vincent Matthews (athlete)\")[Ron Freeman](/wiki/Ron_Freeman \"Ron Freeman\")[Larry James](/wiki/Larry_James \"Larry James\")[Lee Evans](/wiki/Lee_Evans_%28sprinter%29 \"Lee Evans (sprinter)\") | | 20 October 1968 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay\") | [Mexico City](/wiki/Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Universitario \"Estadio Olímpico Universitario\"), Mexico | | |\n\n### Women\n\n| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Meet | Place | Age | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [100 m](/wiki/100_metres \"100 metres\") | 10\\.72 (\\+1\\.6 m/s) | [Sha'Carri Richardson](/wiki/Sha%27Carri_Richardson \"Sha'Carri Richardson\") | | 10 April 2021 | Miramar Invitational | [Miramar](/wiki/Miramar%2C_Florida \"Miramar, Florida\"), United States | | |\n| [200 m](/wiki/200_metres \"200 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [400 m](/wiki/400_metres \"400 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [600 m](/wiki/600_metres \"600 metres\") | 1:22\\.74 | [Athing Mu](/wiki/Athing_Mu \"Athing Mu\") | | 30 April 2022 | [Penn Relays](/wiki/Penn_Relays \"Penn Relays\") | [Philadelphia](/wiki/Franklin_Field \"Franklin Field\"), United States | | |\n| [800 m](/wiki/800_metres \"800 metres\") | 1:55\\.21 | [Athing Mu](/wiki/Athing_Mu \"Athing Mu\") | | 3 August 2021 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_800_metres \"Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres\") | [Tokyo](/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium \"Japan National Stadium\"), Japan | | |\n| [1000 m](/wiki/1000_metres \"1000 metres\") | 2:31\\.49 | [Addison Wiley](/wiki/Addison_Wiley \"Addison Wiley\") | | 31 August 2024 | Mityng Ambasadorów Białostockiego i Podlaskiego Sportu | [Białystok](/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok \"Białystok\"), Poland | | |\n| [1500 m](/wiki/1500_metres \"1500 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [3000 m](/wiki/3000_metres \"3000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [5000 m](/wiki/5000_metres \"5000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [10000 m](/wiki/10%2C000_metres \"10,000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [Marathon](/wiki/Marathon \"Marathon\") | | | | | | |\n| [100 m hurdles](/wiki/100_metres_hurdles \"100 metres hurdles\") | 12\\.24 (\\-0\\.4 m/s) | [Ackera Nugent](/wiki/Ackera_Nugent \"Ackera Nugent\") | | 30 August 2024 | [Golden Gala](/wiki/2024_Golden_Gala \"2024 Golden Gala\") | [Rome](/wiki/Stadio_Olimpico \"Stadio Olimpico\"), Italy | | |\n| [200 m hurdles](/wiki/200_metres_hurdles \"200 metres hurdles\") (straight) | 24\\.86 (\\+0\\.1 m/s) | [Shiann Salmon](/wiki/Shiann_Salmon \"Shiann Salmon\") | | 23 May 2021 | [Adidas Boost Boston Games](/wiki/Adidas_Boost_Boston_Games \"Adidas Boost Boston Games\") | [Boston](/wiki/Boston \"Boston\"), United States | | |\n| [300 m hurdles](/wiki/300_metres_hurdles \"300 metres hurdles\") | 38\\.90 | [Sydney McLaughlin](/wiki/Sydney_McLaughlin \"Sydney McLaughlin\") | | 8 April 2017 | [Arcadia Invitational](/wiki/Arcadia_Invitational \"Arcadia Invitational\") | [Arcadia](/wiki/Arcadia%2C_California \"Arcadia, California\"), United States | | |\n| [400 m hurdles](/wiki/400_metres_hurdles \"400 metres hurdles\") | 51\\.46 | [Sydney McLaughlin](/wiki/Sydney_McLaughlin \"Sydney McLaughlin\") | | 4 August 2021 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_400_metres_hurdles \"Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres hurdles\") | [Tokyo](/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium \"Japan National Stadium\"), Japan | | |\n| [3000 m steeplechase](/wiki/3000_metres_steeplechase \"3000 metres steeplechase\") | | | | | | |\n| [High jump](/wiki/High_jump \"High jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Pole vault](/wiki/Pole_vault \"Pole vault\") | | | | | | |\n| [Long jump](/wiki/Long_jump \"Long jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Triple jump](/wiki/Triple_jump \"Triple jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | | | | | |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | | | | | |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | | | | | |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | | | | | |\n|[Heptathlon](/wiki/Heptathlon \"Heptathlon\")\n\n 6412 pts |\n [Anna Hall](/wiki/Anna_Hall_%28heptathlete%29 \"Anna Hall (heptathlete)\") |\n |\n 23–24 March 2022 |\n [Texas Relays](/wiki/Texas_Relays \"Texas Relays\") |\n [Austin](/wiki/Mike_A._Myers_Stadium \"Mike A. Myers Stadium\"), United States |\n |\n |\n|\n\n |\n| [5000 m walk](/wiki/5000_metres_race_walk \"5000 metres race walk\") | | | | | | |\n| [10 km walk](/wiki/10_kilometres_race_walk \"10 kilometres race walk\") (road) | 44:50 | [Rachelle De Orbeta](/wiki/Rachelle_De_Orbeta \"Rachelle De Orbeta\") | | 10 February 2019 | Oceania Race Walking Championships | [Adelaide](/wiki/Adelaide \"Adelaide\"), Australia | | |\n| [20000 m walk](/wiki/20%2C000_metres_race_walk \"20,000 metres race walk\") (track) | | | | | | |\n| [4 × 100 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay \"4 × 100 metres relay\") | 42\\.94 | [Serena Cole](/wiki/Serena_Cole \"Serena Cole\")[Tina Clayton](/wiki/Tina_Clayton \"Tina Clayton\")[Kerrica Hill](/wiki/Kerrica_Hill \"Kerrica Hill\")[Tia Clayton](/wiki/Tia_Clayton \"Tia Clayton\") | | 22 August 2021 | [World U20 Championships](/wiki/2021_World_Athletics_U20_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay \"2021 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay\") | [Nairobi](/wiki/Moi_International_Sports_Centre \"Moi International Sports Centre\"), Kenya | | |\n| [4 × 400 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"4 × 400 metres relay\") | | | | | | |\n\n",
"### Men\n\n| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Meet | Place | Age | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [100 m](/wiki/100_metres \"100 metres\") | 9\\.69 (0\\.0 m/s) | [Usain Bolt](/wiki/Usain_Bolt \"Usain Bolt\") | | 16 August 2008 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metres \"Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres\") | [Beijing](/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium \"Beijing National Stadium\"), China | | |\n| [200 m](/wiki/200_metres \"200 metres\") | 19\\.26 (\\+0\\.7 m/s) | [Yohan Blake](/wiki/Yohan_Blake \"Yohan Blake\") | | 16 September 2011 | [Memorial Van Damme](/wiki/Memorial_Van_Damme \"Memorial Van Damme\") | [Brussels](/wiki/King_Baudouin_Stadium \"King Baudouin Stadium\"), Belgium | | |\n| [400 m](/wiki/400_metres \"400 metres\") | 43\\.50 | [Quincy Watts](/wiki/Quincy_Watts \"Quincy Watts\") | | 5 August 1992 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metres \"Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres\") | [Barcelona](/wiki/Estadi_Ol%C3%ADmpic_Llu%C3%ADs_Companys \"Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys\"), Spain | | |\n| [600 m](/wiki/600_metres \"600 metres\") | 1:13\\.80 | [Earl Jones](/wiki/Earl_Jones_%28athlete%29 \"Earl Jones (athlete)\") | | 24 May 1986 | | [Santa Monica, California](/wiki/Santa_Monica%2C_California \"Santa Monica, California\"), United States | | |\n| [800 m](/wiki/800_metres \"800 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [1000 m](/wiki/1000_metres \"1000 metres\") | 2:16\\.46 | [Hobbs Kessler](/wiki/Hobbs_Kessler \"Hobbs Kessler\") | | 10 August 2022 | [Herculis](/wiki/Herculis \"Herculis\") | [Fontvielle](/wiki/Stade_Louis_II \"Stade Louis II\"), Monaco | | |\n| [1500 m](/wiki/1500_metres \"1500 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [Mile](/wiki/Mile_run \"Mile run\") (road) | 3:56\\.13 | [Hobbs Kessler](/wiki/Hobbs_Kessler \"Hobbs Kessler\") | | 1 October 2023 | [World Road Running Championships](/wiki/2023_World_Athletics_Road_Running_Championships \"2023 World Athletics Road Running Championships\") | [Riga](/wiki/Riga \"Riga\"), Latvia | | |\n| [3000 m](/wiki/3000_metres \"3000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [5000 m](/wiki/5000_metres \"5000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [10000 m](/wiki/10%2C000_metres \"10,000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [Marathon](/wiki/Marathon \"Marathon\") | | | | | | |\n| [110 m hurdles](/wiki/110_metres_hurdles \"110 metres hurdles\") | 12\\.87 (\\+0\\.9 m/s) | [Dayron Robles](/wiki/Dayron_Robles \"Dayron Robles\") | | 6 June 2008 | [Golden Spike Ostrava](/wiki/Golden_Spike_Ostrava \"Golden Spike Ostrava\") | [Ostrava](/wiki/Ostrava \"Ostrava\"), Czech Republic | | |\n| [300 m hurdles](/wiki/300_metres_hurdles \"300 metres hurdles\") | 34\\.83 | [Vance Nilsson](/wiki/Vance_Nilsson \"Vance Nilsson\") | | 11 May 2024 | [AIA](/wiki/Arizona_Interscholastic_Association \"Arizona Interscholastic Association\") State Championships | [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa%2C_Arizona \"Mesa, Arizona\"), United States | | |\n| [400 m hurdles](/wiki/400_metres_hurdles \"400 metres hurdles\") | 47\\.30 | [Bershawn Jackson](/wiki/Bershawn_Jackson \"Bershawn Jackson\") | | 9 August 2005 | [World Championships](/wiki/2005_World_Championships_in_Athletics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_400_metres_hurdles \"2005 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 400 metres hurdles\") | [Helsinki](/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium \"Helsinki Olympic Stadium\"), Finland | | |\n| [3000 m steeplechase](/wiki/3000_metres_steeplechase \"3000 metres steeplechase\") | | | | | | |\n| [High jump](/wiki/High_jump \"High jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Pole vault](/wiki/Pole_vault \"Pole vault\") | | | | | | |\n| [Long jump](/wiki/Long_jump \"Long jump\") | 8\\.90 m (\\+2\\.0 m/s) | [Bob Beamon](/wiki/Bob_Beamon \"Bob Beamon\") | | 18 October 1968 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_long_jump \"Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump\") | [Mexico City](/wiki/Mexico_City \"Mexico City\"), Mexico | | |\n| [Triple jump](/wiki/Triple_jump \"Triple jump\") | 18\\.08 m (0\\.0 m/s) | [Pedro Pablo Pichardo](/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Pichardo \"Pedro Pablo Pichardo\") | | 28 May 2015 | Copa Cuba\\-Memorial Barrientos | [Havana](/wiki/Havana \"Havana\"), Cuba | | |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | 22\\.42 m | [Randy Barnes](/wiki/Randy_Barnes \"Randy Barnes\") | | 17 August 1988 | [Athletissima](/wiki/Athletissima \"Athletissima\") | [Zürich](/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich \"Zürich\"), Switzerland | | |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | | | | | |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | 84\\.38 m | [Ethan Katzberg](/wiki/Ethan_Katzberg \"Ethan Katzberg\") | | 20 April 2024 | [Kip Keino Classic](/wiki/Kip_Keino_Classic \"Kip Keino Classic\") | [Nairobi](/wiki/Moi_International_Sports_Centre \"Moi International Sports Centre\"), Kenya | | |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | 90\\.16 m | [Keshorn Walcott](/wiki/Keshorn_Walcott \"Keshorn Walcott\") | | 9 July 2015 | [Athletissima](/wiki/Athletissima \"Athletissima\") | [Lausanne](/wiki/Stade_olympique_de_la_Pontaise \"Stade olympique de la Pontaise\"), Switzerland | | |\n|[Decathlon](/wiki/Decathlon \"Decathlon\")\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n|\n\n |\n| [10000 m walk](/wiki/10%2C000_metres_race_walk \"10,000 metres race walk\") (track) | 39:27\\.10 | [Emiliano Barba](/wiki/Emiliano_Barba \"Emiliano Barba\") | | 30 August 2024 | [World U20 Championships](/wiki/2024_World_Athletics_U20_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_10%2C000_metres_walk \"2024 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 10,000 metres walk\") | [Lima](/wiki/Lima \"Lima\"), Peru | | |\n| [20 km walk](/wiki/20_kilometres_race_walk \"20 kilometres race walk\") (road) | | | | | | |\n| [50 km walk](/wiki/50_kilometres_race_walk \"50 kilometres race walk\") (road) | | | | | | |\n| [4 × 100 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay \"4 × 100 metres relay\") | | | | | | |\n| [4 × 400 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"4 × 400 metres relay\") | 2:56\\.16 | [Vince Matthews](/wiki/Vincent_Matthews_%28athlete%29 \"Vincent Matthews (athlete)\")[Ron Freeman](/wiki/Ron_Freeman \"Ron Freeman\")[Larry James](/wiki/Larry_James \"Larry James\")[Lee Evans](/wiki/Lee_Evans_%28sprinter%29 \"Lee Evans (sprinter)\") | | 20 October 1968 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay\") | [Mexico City](/wiki/Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Universitario \"Estadio Olímpico Universitario\"), Mexico | | |\n\n",
"### Women\n\n| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Meet | Place | Age | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [100 m](/wiki/100_metres \"100 metres\") | 10\\.72 (\\+1\\.6 m/s) | [Sha'Carri Richardson](/wiki/Sha%27Carri_Richardson \"Sha'Carri Richardson\") | | 10 April 2021 | Miramar Invitational | [Miramar](/wiki/Miramar%2C_Florida \"Miramar, Florida\"), United States | | |\n| [200 m](/wiki/200_metres \"200 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [400 m](/wiki/400_metres \"400 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [600 m](/wiki/600_metres \"600 metres\") | 1:22\\.74 | [Athing Mu](/wiki/Athing_Mu \"Athing Mu\") | | 30 April 2022 | [Penn Relays](/wiki/Penn_Relays \"Penn Relays\") | [Philadelphia](/wiki/Franklin_Field \"Franklin Field\"), United States | | |\n| [800 m](/wiki/800_metres \"800 metres\") | 1:55\\.21 | [Athing Mu](/wiki/Athing_Mu \"Athing Mu\") | | 3 August 2021 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_800_metres \"Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres\") | [Tokyo](/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium \"Japan National Stadium\"), Japan | | |\n| [1000 m](/wiki/1000_metres \"1000 metres\") | 2:31\\.49 | [Addison Wiley](/wiki/Addison_Wiley \"Addison Wiley\") | | 31 August 2024 | Mityng Ambasadorów Białostockiego i Podlaskiego Sportu | [Białystok](/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok \"Białystok\"), Poland | | |\n| [1500 m](/wiki/1500_metres \"1500 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [3000 m](/wiki/3000_metres \"3000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [5000 m](/wiki/5000_metres \"5000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [10000 m](/wiki/10%2C000_metres \"10,000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [Marathon](/wiki/Marathon \"Marathon\") | | | | | | |\n| [100 m hurdles](/wiki/100_metres_hurdles \"100 metres hurdles\") | 12\\.24 (\\-0\\.4 m/s) | [Ackera Nugent](/wiki/Ackera_Nugent \"Ackera Nugent\") | | 30 August 2024 | [Golden Gala](/wiki/2024_Golden_Gala \"2024 Golden Gala\") | [Rome](/wiki/Stadio_Olimpico \"Stadio Olimpico\"), Italy | | |\n| [200 m hurdles](/wiki/200_metres_hurdles \"200 metres hurdles\") (straight) | 24\\.86 (\\+0\\.1 m/s) | [Shiann Salmon](/wiki/Shiann_Salmon \"Shiann Salmon\") | | 23 May 2021 | [Adidas Boost Boston Games](/wiki/Adidas_Boost_Boston_Games \"Adidas Boost Boston Games\") | [Boston](/wiki/Boston \"Boston\"), United States | | |\n| [300 m hurdles](/wiki/300_metres_hurdles \"300 metres hurdles\") | 38\\.90 | [Sydney McLaughlin](/wiki/Sydney_McLaughlin \"Sydney McLaughlin\") | | 8 April 2017 | [Arcadia Invitational](/wiki/Arcadia_Invitational \"Arcadia Invitational\") | [Arcadia](/wiki/Arcadia%2C_California \"Arcadia, California\"), United States | | |\n| [400 m hurdles](/wiki/400_metres_hurdles \"400 metres hurdles\") | 51\\.46 | [Sydney McLaughlin](/wiki/Sydney_McLaughlin \"Sydney McLaughlin\") | | 4 August 2021 | [Olympic Games](/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_400_metres_hurdles \"Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres hurdles\") | [Tokyo](/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium \"Japan National Stadium\"), Japan | | |\n| [3000 m steeplechase](/wiki/3000_metres_steeplechase \"3000 metres steeplechase\") | | | | | | |\n| [High jump](/wiki/High_jump \"High jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Pole vault](/wiki/Pole_vault \"Pole vault\") | | | | | | |\n| [Long jump](/wiki/Long_jump \"Long jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Triple jump](/wiki/Triple_jump \"Triple jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | | | | | |\n| [Discus throw](/wiki/Discus_throw \"Discus throw\") | | | | | | |\n| [Hammer throw](/wiki/Hammer_throw \"Hammer throw\") | | | | | | |\n| [Javelin throw](/wiki/Javelin_throw \"Javelin throw\") | | | | | | |\n|[Heptathlon](/wiki/Heptathlon \"Heptathlon\")\n\n 6412 pts |\n [Anna Hall](/wiki/Anna_Hall_%28heptathlete%29 \"Anna Hall (heptathlete)\") |\n |\n 23–24 March 2022 |\n [Texas Relays](/wiki/Texas_Relays \"Texas Relays\") |\n [Austin](/wiki/Mike_A._Myers_Stadium \"Mike A. Myers Stadium\"), United States |\n |\n |\n|\n\n |\n| [5000 m walk](/wiki/5000_metres_race_walk \"5000 metres race walk\") | | | | | | |\n| [10 km walk](/wiki/10_kilometres_race_walk \"10 kilometres race walk\") (road) | 44:50 | [Rachelle De Orbeta](/wiki/Rachelle_De_Orbeta \"Rachelle De Orbeta\") | | 10 February 2019 | Oceania Race Walking Championships | [Adelaide](/wiki/Adelaide \"Adelaide\"), Australia | | |\n| [20000 m walk](/wiki/20%2C000_metres_race_walk \"20,000 metres race walk\") (track) | | | | | | |\n| [4 × 100 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay \"4 × 100 metres relay\") | 42\\.94 | [Serena Cole](/wiki/Serena_Cole \"Serena Cole\")[Tina Clayton](/wiki/Tina_Clayton \"Tina Clayton\")[Kerrica Hill](/wiki/Kerrica_Hill \"Kerrica Hill\")[Tia Clayton](/wiki/Tia_Clayton \"Tia Clayton\") | | 22 August 2021 | [World U20 Championships](/wiki/2021_World_Athletics_U20_Championships_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_4_%C3%97_100_metres_relay \"2021 World Athletics U20 Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay\") | [Nairobi](/wiki/Moi_International_Sports_Centre \"Moi International Sports Centre\"), Kenya | | |\n| [4 × 400 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"4 × 400 metres relay\") | | | | | | |\n\n",
"Indoor\n------\n\n### Men\n\n| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Meet | Place | Age | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [60 m](/wiki/60_metres \"60 metres\") | 6\\.34 | [Christian Coleman](/wiki/Christian_Coleman \"Christian Coleman\") | | 18 February 2018 | [USA Championships](/wiki/2018_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2018 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [200 m](/wiki/200_metres \"200 metres\") | 20\\.10 | [Wallace Spearmon](/wiki/Wallace_Spearmon \"Wallace Spearmon\") | | 24 March 2005 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2005_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2005 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Fayetteville](/wiki/Randal_Tyson_Track_Center \"Randal Tyson Track Center\"), United States | | |\n| [300 m](/wiki/300_metres \"300 metres\") | 31\\.87 | [Noah Lyles](/wiki/Noah_Lyles \"Noah Lyles\") | | 4 March 2017 | [USA Championships](/wiki/2017_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2017 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [400 m](/wiki/400_metres \"400 metres\") | 44\\.49 | [Christopher Morales Williams](/wiki/Christopher_Morales_Williams \"Christopher Morales Williams\") | | 24 February 2024 | SEC Championships | [Fayetteville](/wiki/Randal_Tyson_Track_Center \"Randal Tyson Track Center\"), United States | | |\n| [600 m](/wiki/600_metres \"600 metres\") | 1:13\\.77 | [Donavan Brazier](/wiki/Donavan_Brazier \"Donavan Brazier\") | | 24 February 2019 | [USA Championships](/wiki/2019_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Staten Island](/wiki/Staten_Island \"Staten Island\"), United States | | |\n| [800 m](/wiki/800_metres \"800 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [1500 m](/wiki/1500_metres \"1500 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [3000 m](/wiki/3000_metres \"3000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [5000 m](/wiki/5000_metres \"5000 metres\") | 12:57\\.17 | [Nico Young](/wiki/Nico_Young \"Nico Young\") | | 26 January 2024 | John Thomas Terrier Classic | [Boston](/wiki/Boston_University_Track_and_Tennis_Center \"Boston University Track and Tennis Center\"), United States | | |\n| [55 m hurdles](/wiki/55_metres_hurdles \"55 metres hurdles\") | 6\\.89 | [Renaldo Nehemiah](/wiki/Renaldo_Nehemiah \"Renaldo Nehemiah\") | | 20 January 1979 | | [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\"), United States | | |\n| [60 m hurdles](/wiki/60_metres_hurdles \"60 metres hurdles\") | 7\\.33 | [Dayron Robles](/wiki/Dayron_Robles \"Dayron Robles\") | | 8 February 2008 | [PSD Bank Meeting](/wiki/PSD_Bank_Meeting \"PSD Bank Meeting\") | [Düsseldorf](/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf \"Düsseldorf\"), Germany | | |\n| [High jump](/wiki/High_jump \"High jump\") | 2\\.43 m | [Javier Sotomayor](/wiki/Javier_Sotomayor \"Javier Sotomayor\") | | 4 March 1989 | [World Championships](/wiki/1989_IAAF_World_Indoor_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_high_jump \"1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's high jump\") | [Budapest](/wiki/Budapest_Sportcsarnok \"Budapest Sportcsarnok\"), Hungary | | |\n| [Pole vault](/wiki/Pole_vault \"Pole vault\") | 6\\.00 m | [Shawnacy Barber](/wiki/Shawnacy_Barber \"Shawnacy Barber\") | | 15 January 2016 | Pole Vault Summit | [Reno](/wiki/Reno \"Reno\"), United States | | |\n| [Long jump](/wiki/Long_jump \"Long jump\") | 8\\.56 m | [Carl Lewis](/wiki/Carl_Lewis \"Carl Lewis\") | | 16 January 1982 | | [East Rutherford, New Jersey](/wiki/East_Rutherford%2C_New_Jersey \"East Rutherford, New Jersey\"), United States | | |\n| [Triple jump](/wiki/Triple_jump \"Triple jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | 21\\.72 m | [Randy Barnes](/wiki/Randy_Barnes \"Randy Barnes\") | | 6 February 1988 | | [Dallas](/wiki/Dallas \"Dallas\"), United States | | |\n|[Heptathlon](/wiki/Heptathlon \"Heptathlon\")\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n|\n\n |\n| [5000 m walk](/wiki/5000_metres_race_walk \"5000 metres race walk\") | | | | | | |\n|[4 × 400 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"4 × 400 metres relay\")\n\n 3:00\\.77 |\n [Zachary Shinnick](/wiki/Zachary_Shinnick \"Zachary Shinnick\")[Rai Benjamin](/wiki/Rai_Benjamin \"Rai Benjamin\")[Ricky Morgan Jr.](/wiki/Ricky_Morgan_Jr. \"Ricky Morgan Jr.\")[Michael Norman](/wiki/Michael_Norman_%28sprinter%29 \"Michael Norman (sprinter)\") |\n (USC Trojans) |\n10 March 2018\n\n[NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2018_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2018 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\")\n\n[College Station](/wiki/Gilliam_Indoor_Track_Stadium \"Gilliam Indoor Track Stadium\"), United States\n\n |\n\n| 3:01\\.39 | [Ilolo Izu](/wiki/Ilolo_Izu \"Ilolo Izu\")[Robert Grant](/wiki/Robert_Grant_%28athlete%29 \"Robert Grant (athlete)\")[Devin Dixon](/wiki/Devin_Dixon \"Devin Dixon\")[My'Lik Kerley](/wiki/My%27Lik_Kerley \"My'Lik Kerley\") | ([Texas A\\&M Aggies](/wiki/Texas_A%26M_Aggies \"Texas A&M Aggies\")) | |\n\n### Women\n\n| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Meet | Place | Age | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [60 m](/wiki/60_metres \"60 metres\") | 6\\.94 | [Julien Alfred](/wiki/Julien_Alfred \"Julien Alfred\") | | 11 March 2023 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2023_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [200 m](/wiki/200_metres \"200 metres\") | 22\\.01 | [Julien Alfred](/wiki/Julien_Alfred \"Julien Alfred\") | | 11 March 2023 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2023_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [300 m](/wiki/300_metres \"300 metres\") | 35\\.80 | [Abby Steiner](/wiki/Abby_Steiner \"Abby Steiner\") | | 11 December 2021 | Cardinal Classic | [Louisville](/wiki/Louisville%2C_Kentucky \"Louisville, Kentucky\"), United States | | |\n| [400 m](/wiki/400_metres \"400 metres\") | 50\\.34 | [Kendall Ellis](/wiki/Kendall_Ellis \"Kendall Ellis\") | | 10 March 2018 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2018_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2018 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [College Station](/wiki/Gilliam_Indoor_Track_Stadium \"Gilliam Indoor Track Stadium\"), United States | | |\n| [600 y](/wiki/600_yards \"600 yards\") | 1:16\\.76 | [Michaela Rose](/wiki/Michaela_Rose_%28athlete%29 \"Michaela Rose (athlete)\") | | 20 January 2024 | Corky Classic | [Lubbock](/wiki/Lubbock%2C_Texas \"Lubbock, Texas\"), United States | | |\n| [600 m](/wiki/600_metres \"600 metres\") | 1:23\\.57 | [Athing Mu](/wiki/Athing_Mu \"Athing Mu\") | | 24 February 2019 | [USA Championships](/wiki/2019_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Staten Island](/wiki/Staten_Island \"Staten Island\"), United States | | |\n| [800 m](/wiki/800_metres \"800 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [1500 m](/wiki/1500_metres \"1500 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [3000 m](/wiki/3000_metres \"3000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [60 m hurdles](/wiki/60_metres_hurdles \"60 metres hurdles\") | 7\\.72 | [Ackera Nugent](/wiki/Ackera_Nugent \"Ackera Nugent\") | | 10 March 2023 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2023_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [High jump](/wiki/High_jump \"High jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Pole vault](/wiki/Pole_vault \"Pole vault\") | | | | | | |\n| [Long jump](/wiki/Long_jump \"Long jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Triple jump](/wiki/Triple_jump \"Triple jump\") | 15\\.12 m | [Jasmine Moore](/wiki/Jasmine_Moore \"Jasmine Moore\") | | 11 March 2023 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2023_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | | | | | |\n|[Pentathlon](/wiki/Women%27s_pentathlon \"Women's pentathlon\")\n\n 5004 pts |\n [Anna Hall](/wiki/Anna_Hall_%28heptathlete%29 \"Anna Hall (heptathlete)\") |\n |\n 18 February 2023 |\n [USA Championships](/wiki/2023_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") |\n [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States |\n |\n |\n|\n\n |\n| [1500 m walk](/wiki/Racewalking \"Racewalking\") | 6:02\\.85 | [Taylor Ewert](/wiki/Taylor_Ewert \"Taylor Ewert\") | | 9 February 2019 | [Millrose Games](/wiki/Millrose_Games \"Millrose Games\") | [New York City](/wiki/Fort_Washington_Avenue_Armory \"Fort Washington Avenue Armory\") United States | | |\n| [Mile walk](/wiki/Mile_walk \"Mile walk\") | 6:28\\.21 | [Taylor Ewert](/wiki/Taylor_Ewert \"Taylor Ewert\") | | 9 February 2019 | [Millrose Games](/wiki/Millrose_Games \"Millrose Games\") | [New York City](/wiki/Fort_Washington_Avenue_Armory \"Fort Washington Avenue Armory\") United States | | |\n| [3000 m walk](/wiki/3000_metres_race_walk \"3000 metres race walk\") | | | | | | |\n|[4 × 400 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"4 × 400 metres relay\")\n\n 3:26\\.68 |\n [Jania Martin](/wiki/Jania_Martin \"Jania Martin\")[Charokee Young](/wiki/Charokee_Young \"Charokee Young\")[Tierra Robinson\\-Jones](/wiki/Tierra_Robinson-Jones \"Tierra Robinson-Jones\")[Athing Mu](/wiki/Athing_Mu \"Athing Mu\") |\n ([Texas A\\&M Aggies](/wiki/Texas_A%26M_Aggies \"Texas A&M Aggies\")) |\n 13 March 2021 |\n [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2021_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2021 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") |\n [Fayetteville](/wiki/Randal_Tyson_Track_Center \"Randal Tyson Track Center\"), United States |\n |\n |\n| 3:27\\.42 | [Briana Nelson](/wiki/Briana_Nelson \"Briana Nelson\")[Courtney Okolo](/wiki/Courtney_Okolo \"Courtney Okolo\")[Kendall Baisden](/wiki/Kendall_Baisden \"Kendall Baisden\")[Ashley Spencer](/wiki/Ashley_Spencer_%28athlete%29 \"Ashley Spencer (athlete)\") | ([Texas Longhorns](/wiki/Texas_Longhorns \"Texas Longhorns\")) | 15 March 2014 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2014_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2014 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n\n",
"### Men\n\n| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Meet | Place | Age | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [60 m](/wiki/60_metres \"60 metres\") | 6\\.34 | [Christian Coleman](/wiki/Christian_Coleman \"Christian Coleman\") | | 18 February 2018 | [USA Championships](/wiki/2018_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2018 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [200 m](/wiki/200_metres \"200 metres\") | 20\\.10 | [Wallace Spearmon](/wiki/Wallace_Spearmon \"Wallace Spearmon\") | | 24 March 2005 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2005_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2005 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Fayetteville](/wiki/Randal_Tyson_Track_Center \"Randal Tyson Track Center\"), United States | | |\n| [300 m](/wiki/300_metres \"300 metres\") | 31\\.87 | [Noah Lyles](/wiki/Noah_Lyles \"Noah Lyles\") | | 4 March 2017 | [USA Championships](/wiki/2017_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2017 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [400 m](/wiki/400_metres \"400 metres\") | 44\\.49 | [Christopher Morales Williams](/wiki/Christopher_Morales_Williams \"Christopher Morales Williams\") | | 24 February 2024 | SEC Championships | [Fayetteville](/wiki/Randal_Tyson_Track_Center \"Randal Tyson Track Center\"), United States | | |\n| [600 m](/wiki/600_metres \"600 metres\") | 1:13\\.77 | [Donavan Brazier](/wiki/Donavan_Brazier \"Donavan Brazier\") | | 24 February 2019 | [USA Championships](/wiki/2019_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Staten Island](/wiki/Staten_Island \"Staten Island\"), United States | | |\n| [800 m](/wiki/800_metres \"800 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [1500 m](/wiki/1500_metres \"1500 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [3000 m](/wiki/3000_metres \"3000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [5000 m](/wiki/5000_metres \"5000 metres\") | 12:57\\.17 | [Nico Young](/wiki/Nico_Young \"Nico Young\") | | 26 January 2024 | John Thomas Terrier Classic | [Boston](/wiki/Boston_University_Track_and_Tennis_Center \"Boston University Track and Tennis Center\"), United States | | |\n| [55 m hurdles](/wiki/55_metres_hurdles \"55 metres hurdles\") | 6\\.89 | [Renaldo Nehemiah](/wiki/Renaldo_Nehemiah \"Renaldo Nehemiah\") | | 20 January 1979 | | [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\"), United States | | |\n| [60 m hurdles](/wiki/60_metres_hurdles \"60 metres hurdles\") | 7\\.33 | [Dayron Robles](/wiki/Dayron_Robles \"Dayron Robles\") | | 8 February 2008 | [PSD Bank Meeting](/wiki/PSD_Bank_Meeting \"PSD Bank Meeting\") | [Düsseldorf](/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf \"Düsseldorf\"), Germany | | |\n| [High jump](/wiki/High_jump \"High jump\") | 2\\.43 m | [Javier Sotomayor](/wiki/Javier_Sotomayor \"Javier Sotomayor\") | | 4 March 1989 | [World Championships](/wiki/1989_IAAF_World_Indoor_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_high_jump \"1989 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's high jump\") | [Budapest](/wiki/Budapest_Sportcsarnok \"Budapest Sportcsarnok\"), Hungary | | |\n| [Pole vault](/wiki/Pole_vault \"Pole vault\") | 6\\.00 m | [Shawnacy Barber](/wiki/Shawnacy_Barber \"Shawnacy Barber\") | | 15 January 2016 | Pole Vault Summit | [Reno](/wiki/Reno \"Reno\"), United States | | |\n| [Long jump](/wiki/Long_jump \"Long jump\") | 8\\.56 m | [Carl Lewis](/wiki/Carl_Lewis \"Carl Lewis\") | | 16 January 1982 | | [East Rutherford, New Jersey](/wiki/East_Rutherford%2C_New_Jersey \"East Rutherford, New Jersey\"), United States | | |\n| [Triple jump](/wiki/Triple_jump \"Triple jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | 21\\.72 m | [Randy Barnes](/wiki/Randy_Barnes \"Randy Barnes\") | | 6 February 1988 | | [Dallas](/wiki/Dallas \"Dallas\"), United States | | |\n|[Heptathlon](/wiki/Heptathlon \"Heptathlon\")\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n|\n\n |\n| [5000 m walk](/wiki/5000_metres_race_walk \"5000 metres race walk\") | | | | | | |\n|[4 × 400 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"4 × 400 metres relay\")\n\n 3:00\\.77 |\n [Zachary Shinnick](/wiki/Zachary_Shinnick \"Zachary Shinnick\")[Rai Benjamin](/wiki/Rai_Benjamin \"Rai Benjamin\")[Ricky Morgan Jr.](/wiki/Ricky_Morgan_Jr. \"Ricky Morgan Jr.\")[Michael Norman](/wiki/Michael_Norman_%28sprinter%29 \"Michael Norman (sprinter)\") |\n (USC Trojans) |\n10 March 2018\n\n[NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2018_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2018 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\")\n\n[College Station](/wiki/Gilliam_Indoor_Track_Stadium \"Gilliam Indoor Track Stadium\"), United States\n\n |\n\n| 3:01\\.39 | [Ilolo Izu](/wiki/Ilolo_Izu \"Ilolo Izu\")[Robert Grant](/wiki/Robert_Grant_%28athlete%29 \"Robert Grant (athlete)\")[Devin Dixon](/wiki/Devin_Dixon \"Devin Dixon\")[My'Lik Kerley](/wiki/My%27Lik_Kerley \"My'Lik Kerley\") | ([Texas A\\&M Aggies](/wiki/Texas_A%26M_Aggies \"Texas A&M Aggies\")) | |\n\n",
"### Women\n\n| Event | Record | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Meet | Place | Age | Ref |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [60 m](/wiki/60_metres \"60 metres\") | 6\\.94 | [Julien Alfred](/wiki/Julien_Alfred \"Julien Alfred\") | | 11 March 2023 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2023_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [200 m](/wiki/200_metres \"200 metres\") | 22\\.01 | [Julien Alfred](/wiki/Julien_Alfred \"Julien Alfred\") | | 11 March 2023 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2023_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [300 m](/wiki/300_metres \"300 metres\") | 35\\.80 | [Abby Steiner](/wiki/Abby_Steiner \"Abby Steiner\") | | 11 December 2021 | Cardinal Classic | [Louisville](/wiki/Louisville%2C_Kentucky \"Louisville, Kentucky\"), United States | | |\n| [400 m](/wiki/400_metres \"400 metres\") | 50\\.34 | [Kendall Ellis](/wiki/Kendall_Ellis \"Kendall Ellis\") | | 10 March 2018 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2018_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2018 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [College Station](/wiki/Gilliam_Indoor_Track_Stadium \"Gilliam Indoor Track Stadium\"), United States | | |\n| [600 y](/wiki/600_yards \"600 yards\") | 1:16\\.76 | [Michaela Rose](/wiki/Michaela_Rose_%28athlete%29 \"Michaela Rose (athlete)\") | | 20 January 2024 | Corky Classic | [Lubbock](/wiki/Lubbock%2C_Texas \"Lubbock, Texas\"), United States | | |\n| [600 m](/wiki/600_metres \"600 metres\") | 1:23\\.57 | [Athing Mu](/wiki/Athing_Mu \"Athing Mu\") | | 24 February 2019 | [USA Championships](/wiki/2019_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2019 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Staten Island](/wiki/Staten_Island \"Staten Island\"), United States | | |\n| [800 m](/wiki/800_metres \"800 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [1500 m](/wiki/1500_metres \"1500 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [3000 m](/wiki/3000_metres \"3000 metres\") | | | | | | |\n| [60 m hurdles](/wiki/60_metres_hurdles \"60 metres hurdles\") | 7\\.72 | [Ackera Nugent](/wiki/Ackera_Nugent \"Ackera Nugent\") | | 10 March 2023 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2023_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [High jump](/wiki/High_jump \"High jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Pole vault](/wiki/Pole_vault \"Pole vault\") | | | | | | |\n| [Long jump](/wiki/Long_jump \"Long jump\") | | | | | | |\n| [Triple jump](/wiki/Triple_jump \"Triple jump\") | 15\\.12 m | [Jasmine Moore](/wiki/Jasmine_Moore \"Jasmine Moore\") | | 11 March 2023 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2023_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n| [Shot put](/wiki/Shot_put \"Shot put\") | | | | | | |\n|[Pentathlon](/wiki/Women%27s_pentathlon \"Women's pentathlon\")\n\n 5004 pts |\n [Anna Hall](/wiki/Anna_Hall_%28heptathlete%29 \"Anna Hall (heptathlete)\") |\n |\n 18 February 2023 |\n [USA Championships](/wiki/2023_USA_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2023 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships\") |\n [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States |\n |\n |\n|\n\n |\n| [1500 m walk](/wiki/Racewalking \"Racewalking\") | 6:02\\.85 | [Taylor Ewert](/wiki/Taylor_Ewert \"Taylor Ewert\") | | 9 February 2019 | [Millrose Games](/wiki/Millrose_Games \"Millrose Games\") | [New York City](/wiki/Fort_Washington_Avenue_Armory \"Fort Washington Avenue Armory\") United States | | |\n| [Mile walk](/wiki/Mile_walk \"Mile walk\") | 6:28\\.21 | [Taylor Ewert](/wiki/Taylor_Ewert \"Taylor Ewert\") | | 9 February 2019 | [Millrose Games](/wiki/Millrose_Games \"Millrose Games\") | [New York City](/wiki/Fort_Washington_Avenue_Armory \"Fort Washington Avenue Armory\") United States | | |\n| [3000 m walk](/wiki/3000_metres_race_walk \"3000 metres race walk\") | | | | | | |\n|[4 × 400 m relay](/wiki/4_%C3%97_400_metres_relay \"4 × 400 metres relay\")\n\n 3:26\\.68 |\n [Jania Martin](/wiki/Jania_Martin \"Jania Martin\")[Charokee Young](/wiki/Charokee_Young \"Charokee Young\")[Tierra Robinson\\-Jones](/wiki/Tierra_Robinson-Jones \"Tierra Robinson-Jones\")[Athing Mu](/wiki/Athing_Mu \"Athing Mu\") |\n ([Texas A\\&M Aggies](/wiki/Texas_A%26M_Aggies \"Texas A&M Aggies\")) |\n 13 March 2021 |\n [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2021_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2021 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") |\n [Fayetteville](/wiki/Randal_Tyson_Track_Center \"Randal Tyson Track Center\"), United States |\n |\n |\n| 3:27\\.42 | [Briana Nelson](/wiki/Briana_Nelson \"Briana Nelson\")[Courtney Okolo](/wiki/Courtney_Okolo \"Courtney Okolo\")[Kendall Baisden](/wiki/Kendall_Baisden \"Kendall Baisden\")[Ashley Spencer](/wiki/Ashley_Spencer_%28athlete%29 \"Ashley Spencer (athlete)\") | ([Texas Longhorns](/wiki/Texas_Longhorns \"Texas Longhorns\")) | 15 March 2014 | [NCAA Division I Championships](/wiki/2014_NCAA_Division_I_Indoor_Track_and_Field_Championships \"2014 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships\") | [Albuquerque](/wiki/Albuquerque_Convention_Center \"Albuquerque Convention Center\"), United States | | |\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[NACAC](/wiki/Category:North_American_athletics_%28track_and_field%29_records \"North American athletics (track and field) records\")\n[NACAC](/wiki/Category:Under-23_athletics_records \"Under-23 athletics records\")\n\n"
]
}
|
George Taggart
|
{
"id": [
32983869
],
"name": [
"KiranBOT"
]
}
|
imb9c3ib7qxci6825dzovm45mx5l0gz
|
2023-07-08T19:20:26Z
| 1,155,130,731 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**George McGrory Taggart** (born 26 February 1937\\) was a Scottish [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who played for [Kilmarnock](/wiki/Kilmarnock_F.C. \"Kilmarnock F.C.\"), [St Johnstone](/wiki/St_Johnstone_F.C. \"St Johnstone F.C.\"), [Berwick Rangers](/wiki/Berwick_Rangers_F.C. \"Berwick Rangers F.C.\") and [Dumbarton](/wiki/Dumbarton_F.C. \"Dumbarton F.C.\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1937 births](/wiki/Category:1937_births \"1937 births\")\n[Category:Scottish men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Scottish_men%27s_footballers \"Scottish men's footballers\")\n[Category:Dumbarton F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Dumbarton_F.C._players \"Dumbarton F.C. players\")\n[Category:Berwick Rangers F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Berwick_Rangers_F.C._players \"Berwick Rangers F.C. players\")\n[Category:Kilmarnock F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Kilmarnock_F.C._players \"Kilmarnock F.C. players\")\n[Category:Scottish Football League players](/wiki/Category:Scottish_Football_League_players \"Scottish Football League players\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:St Johnstone F.C. players](/wiki/Category:St_Johnstone_F.C._players \"St Johnstone F.C. players\")\n[Category:Men's association football wing halves](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_wing_halves \"Men's association football wing halves\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Hemidactylus festivus
|
{
"id": [
1273126
],
"name": [
"Iridescent 2"
]
}
|
bz9oqmh6vbnvu7x7u0f68zliwrqse2w
|
2022-01-06T16:35:32Z
| 1,009,990,510 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"Further reading",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Hemidactylus festivus*** is a species of [house gecko](/wiki/House_gecko \"House gecko\") from [Oman](/wiki/Oman \"Oman\").Carranza, Salvador, and Edwin Nicholas Arnold. \"A review of the geckos of the genus Hemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Oman based on morphology, mitochondrial and nuclear data, with descriptions of eight new species.\" Zootaxa 3378 (2012\\): 1\\-95\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n* Maia, João P., D. James Harris, and Salvador Carranza. \"Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of Haemosporida (Apicomplexa) based on the cyt b gene with characterization of Haemocystidium in geckos (Squamata: Gekkota) from Oman.\" Parasitology International 65\\.1 (2016\\): 5–11\\.\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Reptile Database](http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Hemidactylus&species=festivus)\n[Category:Hemidactylus](/wiki/Category:Hemidactylus \"Hemidactylus\")\n[Category:Reptiles of the Middle East](/wiki/Category:Reptiles_of_the_Middle_East \"Reptiles of the Middle East\")\n[Category:Reptiles described in 2012](/wiki/Category:Reptiles_described_in_2012 \"Reptiles described in 2012\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Bharat Kamat
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
6r7ewr16auylt5dyfqi7t430olpw669
|
2023-07-11T08:26:37Z
| 1,054,111,900 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and training",
"Career",
"Awards and recognition",
"Personal life",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Bharat Kamat** (Birth:7 November 1967\\) is a [Hindustani classical](/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music \"Hindustani classical music\") [tabla](/wiki/Tabla \"Tabla\") player of the [Benares Tabla Gharana](/wiki/Benares_Gharana \"Benares Gharana\").\n\n",
"Early life and training\n-----------------------\n\nKamat is born and brought up from [Pune](/wiki/Pune \"Pune\"), India, and is one of the leading tabla artists of India today. At a tender age of five, Bharat started learning tabla from his father Pt. [Chandrakant Kamat](/wiki/Chandrakant_Kamat \"Chandrakant Kamat\"), who was a disciple of Pt. Samata Prasad of the Benares gharana. Bharat's grandfather, Pt. Shantaram Kamat, was a renowned stage\\-music artist. He did his schooling in NMV High School in Pune and was part of Swaranjali Systems. During his initial days, he played tabla with many [Kirtankars](/wiki/Kirtankar \"Kirtankar\") (the people who sing [Kirtan](/wiki/Kirtan \"Kirtan\").\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nKamat has provided tabla accompaniment in several commercial recordings and live programs. These include [Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival](/wiki/Sawai_Gandharva_Bhimsen_Festival \"Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival\"), Vasantotsav, ITC Sangeet Sammelan, Ragmala etc. A frequent performer at prominent music festivals held in India and overseas, Bharat Kamat has also presented solo performances and accompanied dance recitals. He has accompanied several eminent artists of Hindustani music including Pundit [Bhimsen Joshi](/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi \"Bhimsen Joshi\") with whom he has toured India and gone overseas as well. He has also played Tabla with various artists which includes Pt. [Jitendra Abhisheki](/wiki/Jitendra_Abhisheki \"Jitendra Abhisheki\"), [Anand Bhate](/wiki/Anand_Bhate \"Anand Bhate\"), [Malini Rajurkar](/wiki/Malini_Rajurkar \"Malini Rajurkar\"), [Veena Sahasrabuddhe](/wiki/Veena_Sahasrabuddhe \"Veena Sahasrabuddhe\"), [Kaushiki Chakrabarty](/wiki/Kaushiki_Chakrabarty \"Kaushiki Chakrabarty\"), Pt. [Mallikarjun Mansur](/wiki/Mallikarjun_Mansur \"Mallikarjun Mansur\"), [Kishori Amonkar](/wiki/Kishori_Amonkar \"Kishori Amonkar\"), Pt. [Jasraj](/wiki/Jasraj \"Jasraj\"), Girijadevi and many others. He has participated in all the leading music festivals in India and has toured the United States, U.K., U.A.E, [Switzerland](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\"), the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\"), [Indonesia](/wiki/Indonesia \"Indonesia\"), Hong\\-Kong, for performances. He has several recording labels to his credit, including H.M.V., Rhythm House, and Navras records (London) and he is a regular broadcaster with [All India Radio](/wiki/All_India_Radio \"All India Radio\") and [Doordarshan](/wiki/Doordarshan \"Doordarshan\").\n\nKamat played Tabla for Bhimsen Joshi for consecutive 18 years between 1989 till his last concert before his death for more than 1000 performances in India and all over the world.\n\n",
"Awards and recognition\n----------------------\n\nHe won the All India Radio competition in 1991\\. He has also won the Pune Municipal Corporation award.\n\n* Award from Gandharva Mahavidhyalay \n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nKamat is married to Revati Kamat who is also a composer and classical singer and have son Siddharth Kamat.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Bhimsen Joshi](/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi \"Bhimsen Joshi\")\n* [Chandrakant Kamat](/wiki/Chandrakant_Kamat \"Chandrakant Kamat\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1967 births](/wiki/Category:1967_births \"1967 births\")\n[Category:Hindustani instrumentalists](/wiki/Category:Hindustani_instrumentalists \"Hindustani instrumentalists\")\n[Category:Musicians from Pune](/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Pune \"Musicians from Pune\")\n[Category:Tabla players](/wiki/Category:Tabla_players \"Tabla players\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Indian musicians](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_musicians \"20th-century Indian musicians\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:20th\\-century drummers](/wiki/Category:20th-century_drummers \"20th-century drummers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Cesare Alessandro Scaglia
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"79.45.130.225"
]
}
|
if1pegdunj44kn7jkkvxlvjlv3uc6ex
|
2024-10-17T20:02:59Z
| 1,251,736,553 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"Diplomatic career",
"Exile and death",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|Scaglia by van Dyck, c.1634\\.](/wiki/File:Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Caesar_Alexander_Scaglia.JPG \"Anthony van Dyck - Caesar Alexander Scaglia.JPG\")\n**Cesare Alessandro Scaglia** (1592 – May 21, 1641) was an Italian cleric and diplomat of the early 17th century. He was also abbot of [Staffarda Abbey](/wiki/Staffarda_Abbey \"Staffarda Abbey\") (from 1603\\), the [Abbey of St. Justus](/wiki/Susa_Cathedral \"Susa Cathedral\") in [Susa](/wiki/Susa%2C_Piedmont \"Susa, Piedmont\") (from 1613\\), and the Abbey of St. Pietro di Muleggio in [Vercelli](/wiki/Province_of_Vercelli \"Province of Vercelli\") (from 1616\\).\n\nCesare Alessandro Scaglia (often known as Alessandro Scaglia or Abate Scaglia) came from an influential family in the [Duchy of Savoy](/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy \"Duchy of Savoy\"), the Scaglia di Verrua, who had risen to prominence since the ducal capital had moved from [Chambéry](/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry \"Chambéry\") to [Turin](/wiki/Turin \"Turin\") in 1562\\. \n\nScaglia served as an ambassador for the [House of Savoy](/wiki/House_of_Savoy \"House of Savoy\") in [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\"), [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") and [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), also collecting antiquities for the duchy. He was also in the service of [Philip IV of Spain](/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain \"Philip IV of Spain\") in London (acting on behalf of Spain up to 1636\\) and assisted [Charles I of England](/wiki/Charles_I_of_England \"Charles I of England\") in negotiating a commission on the subject of [Cupid and Psyche](/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche \"Cupid and Psyche\") from [Jacob Jordaens](/wiki/Jacob_Jordaens%23The_Story_of_Cupid_and_Psyche \"Jacob Jordaens#The Story of Cupid and Psyche\") for the [Queen's House](/wiki/Queen%27s_House \"Queen's House\") in [Greenwich](/wiki/Greenwich \"Greenwich\"). However, his support of Spain led to tensions with [Victor Amadeus I](/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_I%2C_Duke_of_Savoy \"Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy\") when he succeeded to the Duchy of Savoy in 1630, and soon afterwards Scaglia retired to [Brussels](/wiki/Brussels \"Brussels\") and [Antwerp](/wiki/Antwerp \"Antwerp\"), both in the [Spanish Netherlands](/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands \"Spanish Netherlands\"). \n\n[Peter Paul Rubens](/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens \"Peter Paul Rubens\") (a diplomat himself) described Scaglia as \"a man of the keenest intellect\". Scaglia was an art collector and commissioned a portrait, a *Virgin and Child* (showing Scaglia himself praying to them) and a *[Deposition](/wiki/Deposition_%28van_Dyck%2C_1635%29 \"Deposition (van Dyck, 1635)\")* (intended for his tomb) from [Antony van Dyck](/wiki/Antony_van_Dyck \"Antony van Dyck\") whilst in Brussels and Antwerp. There were a total of five van Dycks in his collection, which also contained works by [Peter Snayers](/wiki/Peter_Snayers \"Peter Snayers\") and [Antonio Tempesta](/wiki/Antonio_Tempesta \"Antonio Tempesta\"). \n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nScaglia was prepared from a young age for clerical life, as a younger son not expected to inherit his father's title of Count di Verrua. At age 11, he was made the abbot of Staffarda Abbey. \n\n",
"Diplomatic career\n-----------------\n\nFollowing in the footsteps of his father, Count Gherardo, Scaglia entered the diplomatic service of the Duke of Savoy, [Charles Emmanuel I](/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_I%2C_Duke_of_Savoy \"Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy\"). \n\nHis first official mission as a diplomat was to Rome working under [Cardinal Maurice of Savoy](/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_Savoy \"Prince Maurice of Savoy\"). \n\nCampaigns were undertaken in 1619 and 1627 to have Scaglia created a cardinal to strengthen Savoy's influence in the [Papal court](/wiki/Papal_States \"Papal States\"), but although the first attempt even had French support, neither succeeded.\n\nScaglia spent a large portion of his career as a diplomat in France, but after the [Treaty of Monzón](/wiki/Treaty_of_Monz%C3%B3n \"Treaty of Monzón\") undermined preexisting agreements between France and Savoy, he became increasingly antagonistic towards [Cardinal Richelieu](/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu \"Cardinal Richelieu\") and any alignment of the two nations. During the rest of his career, he worked to improve relations with England and Spain, often mediating between England and Spain to combat French influence in Savoy that he saw as unacceptable. \n\nAlessandro Scaglia was a known friend and political ally of [George Villiers](/wiki/George_Villiers%2C_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham \"George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham\"), the Duke of Buckingham, and made use of this connection to influence English foreign policy. In particular, he encouraged English support of the French [Huguenot](/wiki/Huguenots \"Huguenots\") rebels during the 1627\\-1628 [siege of La Rochelle](/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle \"Siege of La Rochelle\") as a diversion tactic against France. \n\nA report from the Venetian ambassador in London, [Alvise Contarini](/wiki/Alvise_Contarini_%28diplomat%29 \"Alvise Contarini (diplomat)\"), documents an incident in which Scaglia temporarily fell out of favor with Buckingham:\nContarini's reference to \"a present of pictures\" also underlines the way in which Scaglia and others at the time used art and gifts towards diplomatic ends. Scaglia's influence in England waned after Buckingham's murder in 1628, though he still had a few contacts there. He also possessed unusual favor with [King Charles I](/wiki/Charles_I_of_England \"Charles I of England\") of England.\n\nIn his diplomatic correspondence, Scaglia is known to have made use of multiple numerical [ciphers](/wiki/Cipher \"Cipher\"), a common practice in diplomacy and espionage at the time.\n\n",
"Exile and death\n---------------\n\nAfter being recalled to Savoy, Scaglia left London, but decided to remain in Brussels, in the Spanish Netherlands, disobeying the summons. At this point nearly all direct communication between Scaglia and the Duke of Savoy ceased. \n\nHis time in Brussels has been described as a self\\-imposed exile, as his pro\\-Spanish sentiments made him unwelcome while Savoy was pursuing a pro\\-French policy. However, the location also positioned him to participate actively in international politics in an unofficial capacity. During this time, he continued to carry on correspondence with many influential diplomatic figures, and the government of Savoy may have considered him a potential means of realigning Savoy with Spain, should its French alliance have become untenable.\n\nIn or after 1637, he entered the [Recollects Convent](/wiki/Recollects_Convent%2C_Antwerp \"Recollects Convent, Antwerp\") in Antwerp, where he died in 1641\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Ambassadors of Spain to the Kingdom of England](/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_of_Spain_to_the_Kingdom_of_England \"Ambassadors of Spain to the Kingdom of England\")\n[Category:Italian diplomats](/wiki/Category:Italian_diplomats \"Italian diplomats\")\n[Category:1592 births](/wiki/Category:1592_births \"1592 births\")\n[Category:1641 deaths](/wiki/Category:1641_deaths \"1641 deaths\")\n[Category:17th\\-century Italian Roman Catholic priests](/wiki/Category:17th-century_Italian_Roman_Catholic_priests \"17th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Anna Southall
|
{
"id": [
80913
],
"name": [
"Ham II"
]
}
|
1b4j3sieig4t083a5hpichr4godoikk
|
2023-04-02T16:08:31Z
| 1,144,458,458 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Anna Catherine Southall** (born 9 June 1948\\) served as Director of the [National Museums and Galleries of Wales](/wiki/National_Museums_and_Galleries_of_Wales \"National Museums and Galleries of Wales\") from 1998 to 2002\\.\n\nShe was educated at [The Mount School, York](/wiki/The_Mount_School%2C_York \"The Mount School, York\") and the [University of East Anglia](/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia \"University of East Anglia\") (BA, 1970\\).‘SOUTHALL, Anna Catherine’, Who's Who 2015, A \\& C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2015 She was Vice Chairman of the [Big Lottery Fund](/wiki/Big_Lottery_Fund \"Big Lottery Fund\") from 2006 to 2014\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1948 births](/wiki/Category:1948_births \"1948 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:People educated at The Mount School, York](/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_The_Mount_School%2C_York \"People educated at The Mount School, York\")\n[Category:Alumni of the University of East Anglia](/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_University_of_East_Anglia \"Alumni of the University of East Anglia\")\n[Category:People associated with Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales](/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_Amgueddfa_Cymru_%E2%80%93_Museum_Wales \"People associated with Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales\")\n[Category:Directors of museums in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Directors_of_museums_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Directors of museums in the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Women museum directors](/wiki/Category:Women_museum_directors \"Women museum directors\")\n[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire](/wiki/Category:Officers_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire \"Officers of the Order of the British Empire\")\n[Category:British women curators](/wiki/Category:British_women_curators \"British women curators\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Acrosyntaxis angustipennis
|
{
"id": [
1398
],
"name": [
"William Avery"
]
}
|
qrqirq0yw1tiqomivt99gs8ehsary88
|
2023-10-12T10:30:02Z
| 998,850,967 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Acrosyntaxis angustipennis*** is a [moth](/wiki/Moth \"Moth\") in the family [Autostichidae](/wiki/Autostichidae \"Autostichidae\"). It was described by [Hans Rebel](/wiki/Hans_Rebel \"Hans Rebel\") in 1927\\. It is found in [Egypt](/wiki/Egypt \"Egypt\").[funet](http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/gelechioidea/autostichidae/symmocinae/acrosyntaxis/)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Moths described in 1927](/wiki/Category:Moths_described_in_1927 \"Moths described in 1927\")\n[Category:Acrosyntaxis](/wiki/Category:Acrosyntaxis \"Acrosyntaxis\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Xiaosi
|
{
"id": [
525927
],
"name": [
"Chris the speller"
]
}
|
oo16hkcac3oj85vwnlb2hge8ta25f1o
|
2024-08-02T13:37:48Z
| 1,210,537,800 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Life",
"Academic achievements",
"Family background",
"Life as an educationist",
"Inspiration from Tang Junyi",
"Inspiration in Japan",
"Themes of writing",
"Gratitude to teacher",
"Patriotism",
"Nostalgia",
"Style of writing",
"Metaphors",
"Publications",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Lu Wei\\-luan** (; born 1939\\), better known by her pen name **Xiaosi** (), is a Hong Kong essayist, educator, and scholar. She also writes under the pseudonyms of **Mingchuan** (明川) and **Lufan** (盧颿). Her major publications include *Talk on the Way*《路上談》(1979\\), *Moving in Daylight Shadows*《日影行》(1982\\), and *Notes from Discipleship* 《承教小記》(1982\\). Lu has been an eminent researcher of Hong Kong literature for decades and holds an honorary position at the Hong Kong Literature Research Centre of the [Chinese University of Hong Kong](/wiki/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong \"Chinese University of Hong Kong\").[盧瑋鑾教授所藏香港文學檔案](http://hklitpub.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/lovf/about.jsp) The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. 2005\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\\. She was also invited to be the columnist of two Hong Kong newspapers, the *[Sing Tao Daily](/wiki/Sing_Tao_Daily \"Sing Tao Daily\")* and the *[Ming Pao](/wiki/Ming_Pao \"Ming Pao\")*.[盧瑋鑾：小思老師](http://hklitpub.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/topics/writers/LuWeiluan/about.htm) The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. 2010\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\n\n",
"Life\n----\n\nLu was born in Hong Kong in 1939, of [Panyu](/wiki/Panyu_District \"Panyu District\"), [Guangdong](/wiki/Guangdong \"Guangdong\") ancestry. She graduated with a degree in Chinese at the [New Asia College](/wiki/New_Asia_College \"New Asia College\") of The Chinese University of Hong Kong in 1964\\. She received her Diploma of Education from the [Northcote College of Education](/wiki/Hong_Kong_Institute_of_Education \"Hong Kong Institute of Education\") in 1965 and began her career in education with a teaching position in secondary school. She later received an [MPhil](/wiki/MPhil \"MPhil\") degree in the [University of Hong Kong](/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong \"University of Hong Kong\") (HKU) in 1981\\.\n\nAs inspired by her teacher [Tang Junyi](/wiki/Tang_Junyi \"Tang Junyi\"), Lu went to [Japan](/wiki/Japan \"Japan\") to further pursue her study on contemporary Chinese Literature and worked as a Research Fellow at the Institute for Research in Humanities of [Kyoto University](/wiki/Kyoto_University \"Kyoto University\") in 1973\\.[愛的奉獻：盧瑋鑾 (小思)](http://www.goldenage.hk/b5/ga/ga_article.php?article_id=1200) Golden Age Magazine. 2010\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\\. She continued her career in education as a lecturer in the Chinese Department at HKU in 1978 when she returned from Japan. She later worked in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature at CUHK in 1979, became a professor in 1992, and retired in 2002\\.\n\n",
"Academic achievements\n---------------------\n\nAfter her retirement in 2002, Lu continued contributing to Hong Kong Literature and became the Honorary Director of the Hong Kong Literature Research Centre in CUHK. In 2008, she worked as both the adjunct professor at the Centre for East Asian Studies and the Advisor in the Hong Kong Literature Research Centre in the university.\n\nTo cite her devotion and contribution in education, Lu was awarded with the Vice\\-Chancellor's Exemplary Teaching Award by CUHK in 2000, the Outstanding Educator Award by the [Hong Kong Institute of Education](/wiki/Hong_Kong_Institute_of_Education \"Hong Kong Institute of Education\") in 2003, and the Award for Outstanding Contribution in Arts from the [Hong Kong Arts Development Council](/wiki/Hong_Kong_Arts_Development_Council \"Hong Kong Arts Development Council\") in 2010\\.\n\n",
"Family background\n-----------------\n\nLu is the second child of her parent and has an elder brother. Under the teaching from her mother, she was already in touch with the traditional Chinese culture before her education in formal primary school for years. Her mother taught and read her various Chinese classics, such as *[Water Margin](/wiki/Water_Margin \"Water Margin\")* and *[Three Character Classic](/wiki/Three_Character_Classic \"Three Character Classic\")*, every day.[真人珍事－夫復何求：小思](http://www.com.cuhk.edu.hk/ubeat_past/980119/19people.htm) Ubeat, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. 19 January 1998\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015 On the other hand, Lu's father focused more on exploring the nature. He always brought her to hiking and encouraged her to closely observe the lives in nature. However, her parent were both deceased when she was in primary school. The short, yet profound teaching from her parent had built up her interest in Chinese literature and greatly influenced her writings.\n\n",
"Life as an educationist\n-----------------------\n\n### Inspiration from Tang Junyi\n\n[thumb\\|Old campus of New Asia College at Kweilin Street, Sham Shui Po.](/wiki/File:New_Asia_College_SSP.jpg \"New Asia College SSP.jpg\")\nTang Jun\\-yi was not only the teacher of Lu in New Asia College, but also a mentor in supporting and inspiring her. In Lu's early time, she lost both her parent and her brother. She was alone, mentally unstable, and even isolated herself from others for four years. Mr. Mo Ke\\-fei, Lu's teacher in secondary school, introduced her to read Tang's *The Sequel of Experience of Life*《人生之體驗》.[第六集：四人行：小思、古蒼梧、陸離、石琪(上)：個性篇](http://programme.rthk.org.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?name=tv/outstandingchinesewriters&p=6406&e=279094&d=2014-11-09&m=episode) RTHK. 9 November 2014\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\\. This book gave her a new lease of life and pulled her out from the depression. She was inspired by the writing of Mr. Tang and determined to study in New Asia College. She later received education in New Asia College and became Mr. Tang's student. After graduation, she started her teaching career in a secondary school. In 1971, Lu failed to lead some of her students back from sidetrack. She lost her faith in teaching and suffered from depression. Mr. Tang, therefore, suggested her to take a break from teaching, review and evaluation herself. It led to her decision of studying in Japan in 1973, which became a turning point in her life.\n\nTang's teaching motto and his [New Confucianism](/wiki/New_Confucianism \"New Confucianism\") have greatly influenced Lu's teaching and writings. As referring to Mr. Tang, teaching a student is similar to \"carrying a student to walk near the edge of a cliff\".[十六．從生命裡流出的哲理──唐君毅著述淺說](http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/youngwriter/tang/yp1-16.htm) 單波. Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. 2014\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\\. A teacher should be especially careful when teaching and notice any possible danger. This idea was deep\\-rooted in Lu's mind and inspired her to devote her life in passes the knowledge and spirit to next generation. It is, at the same time, important for her students to honor the teachers and respects their teaching. On the other hand, the idea of New Confucianism could also be found in many of her writings. She reminds people not to blindly follow the traditions. Instead, people should learn to find the balance between conformity to social norms and rebellion against inequality.\n\n### Inspiration in Japan\n\n[thumb\\|The campus of Kyoto University](/wiki/File:Kyoto_University_Clock_Tower.jpg \"Kyoto University Clock Tower.jpg\")\nIn 1973, Lu went to Japan to further pursue her study on contemporary Chinese Literature at the Institute for Research in Humanities of [Kyoto University](/wiki/Kyoto_University \"Kyoto University\"). She admired the Japanese culture, in which the study and development of humanities and literature are highly respected. During her study in Japan, she was amazed by the teaching methods in Japan, which teaching is not limited only in classroom but also through traveling. It was also remarkable that most of the published literature and newspapers are carefully preserved in universities’ libraries. This inspired her to later found the Hong Kong Literature Research Centre and establish the Hong Kong Literature Collection in CUHK.\n\nHer study in Japan also helped her to review her life in Hong Kong in a different perspective and brought her a strong sense of [nostalgia](/wiki/Nostalgia \"Nostalgia\"). The students in Japan reminded her of her students and her life as a teacher in Hong Kong. It fostered her to regain her will in teaching and develop a clearer goal and path to preserve and pass the knowledge and spirits in Hong Kong.[第七集：四人行：小思、古蒼梧、陸離、石琪(下)：承傳篇](http://programme.rthk.org.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?name=tv/outstandingchinesewriters&d=2014-11-16&p=6406&e=279097&m=episode) RTHK. 9 November 2014\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\\.\n\n",
"### Inspiration from Tang Junyi\n\n[thumb\\|Old campus of New Asia College at Kweilin Street, Sham Shui Po.](/wiki/File:New_Asia_College_SSP.jpg \"New Asia College SSP.jpg\")\nTang Jun\\-yi was not only the teacher of Lu in New Asia College, but also a mentor in supporting and inspiring her. In Lu's early time, she lost both her parent and her brother. She was alone, mentally unstable, and even isolated herself from others for four years. Mr. Mo Ke\\-fei, Lu's teacher in secondary school, introduced her to read Tang's *The Sequel of Experience of Life*《人生之體驗》.[第六集：四人行：小思、古蒼梧、陸離、石琪(上)：個性篇](http://programme.rthk.org.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?name=tv/outstandingchinesewriters&p=6406&e=279094&d=2014-11-09&m=episode) RTHK. 9 November 2014\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\\. This book gave her a new lease of life and pulled her out from the depression. She was inspired by the writing of Mr. Tang and determined to study in New Asia College. She later received education in New Asia College and became Mr. Tang's student. After graduation, she started her teaching career in a secondary school. In 1971, Lu failed to lead some of her students back from sidetrack. She lost her faith in teaching and suffered from depression. Mr. Tang, therefore, suggested her to take a break from teaching, review and evaluation herself. It led to her decision of studying in Japan in 1973, which became a turning point in her life.\n\nTang's teaching motto and his [New Confucianism](/wiki/New_Confucianism \"New Confucianism\") have greatly influenced Lu's teaching and writings. As referring to Mr. Tang, teaching a student is similar to \"carrying a student to walk near the edge of a cliff\".[十六．從生命裡流出的哲理──唐君毅著述淺說](http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/youngwriter/tang/yp1-16.htm) 單波. Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. 2014\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\\. A teacher should be especially careful when teaching and notice any possible danger. This idea was deep\\-rooted in Lu's mind and inspired her to devote her life in passes the knowledge and spirit to next generation. It is, at the same time, important for her students to honor the teachers and respects their teaching. On the other hand, the idea of New Confucianism could also be found in many of her writings. She reminds people not to blindly follow the traditions. Instead, people should learn to find the balance between conformity to social norms and rebellion against inequality.\n\n",
"### Inspiration in Japan\n\n[thumb\\|The campus of Kyoto University](/wiki/File:Kyoto_University_Clock_Tower.jpg \"Kyoto University Clock Tower.jpg\")\nIn 1973, Lu went to Japan to further pursue her study on contemporary Chinese Literature at the Institute for Research in Humanities of [Kyoto University](/wiki/Kyoto_University \"Kyoto University\"). She admired the Japanese culture, in which the study and development of humanities and literature are highly respected. During her study in Japan, she was amazed by the teaching methods in Japan, which teaching is not limited only in classroom but also through traveling. It was also remarkable that most of the published literature and newspapers are carefully preserved in universities’ libraries. This inspired her to later found the Hong Kong Literature Research Centre and establish the Hong Kong Literature Collection in CUHK.\n\nHer study in Japan also helped her to review her life in Hong Kong in a different perspective and brought her a strong sense of [nostalgia](/wiki/Nostalgia \"Nostalgia\"). The students in Japan reminded her of her students and her life as a teacher in Hong Kong. It fostered her to regain her will in teaching and develop a clearer goal and path to preserve and pass the knowledge and spirits in Hong Kong.[第七集：四人行：小思、古蒼梧、陸離、石琪(下)：承傳篇](http://programme.rthk.org.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?name=tv/outstandingchinesewriters&d=2014-11-16&p=6406&e=279097&m=episode) RTHK. 9 November 2014\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\\.\n\n",
"Themes of writing\n-----------------\n\n### Gratitude to teacher\n\nThe inspirations from Mr. Tang have greatly influenced Lu and made her an enthusiastic teacher in passing his spirits. Many of her writings have addressed her gratitude towards the teaching and support from Mr. Tang. In *Memorial to My Teacher*《告吾師在天之靈》, the guidance from Mr. Tang is significant in leading her to the right and clear path in her life. He has pulled her out from the anguish and perplexities in the past. It reveals the Chinese traditional teacher\\-student relationship and the respectful attitude of students towards their teachers. It is important to honor the teachers and pass their teachings to the next generation.小思。（1983）。《承教小記》。\n\n### Patriotism\n\nAlbeit her admirations towards Japanese culture, she especially opposed the idea of [militarism in Japan](/wiki/Japanese_militarism \"Japanese militarism\"). Many of her writings have revealed the anti\\-war and [patriotic](/wiki/Patriotism \"Patriotism\") feelings. In *Thoughts in Kyoto*《京都雜想》, the monument in celebrating the end of Sino\\-Japanese War in Japan is used as a symbol and sarcasm to Militarism in Japan. She reminds people not to forget the history. However, despite the great sorrow and sadness brought by Japanese invasion, people should, at the same time, learn to let go of the negative emotion in order to move forwards. In *Forgiveness*《不記恨》, although the sorrow in Sino\\-Japanese War is addressed, she urges people not to trap in the past. Forgiveness is crucial to lead people to a better future.\n\n### Nostalgia\n\nLu has witnessed the gradual transformation of Hong Kong from an industrial\\-oriented city to an international financial center. Under modernization, the rent of local shops surges from year to year, which small local business could hardly survive. Business in Hong Kong has entered a stage of homogenization. The loss of local colors has brought out the nostalgia feelings within Lu. Many of her writings have demonstrated her nostalgia towards the old Hong Kong. As shown in her writing 《懷舊十題》, nostalgia is not a trend but a significant feeling in revealing the deepest\\-emotion of a person. It represents part of our lives and becomes the eternal memory in our brain. In the *Life of Teaching*《一生承教》, Lu points out people's negligence of Hong Kong local colors and reminds people not to treasure thing only when they have lost it. Instead, we should treasure things which are still exist.小思。（2007）。《一生承教》。\n\n",
"### Gratitude to teacher\n\nThe inspirations from Mr. Tang have greatly influenced Lu and made her an enthusiastic teacher in passing his spirits. Many of her writings have addressed her gratitude towards the teaching and support from Mr. Tang. In *Memorial to My Teacher*《告吾師在天之靈》, the guidance from Mr. Tang is significant in leading her to the right and clear path in her life. He has pulled her out from the anguish and perplexities in the past. It reveals the Chinese traditional teacher\\-student relationship and the respectful attitude of students towards their teachers. It is important to honor the teachers and pass their teachings to the next generation.小思。（1983）。《承教小記》。\n\n",
"### Patriotism\n\nAlbeit her admirations towards Japanese culture, she especially opposed the idea of [militarism in Japan](/wiki/Japanese_militarism \"Japanese militarism\"). Many of her writings have revealed the anti\\-war and [patriotic](/wiki/Patriotism \"Patriotism\") feelings. In *Thoughts in Kyoto*《京都雜想》, the monument in celebrating the end of Sino\\-Japanese War in Japan is used as a symbol and sarcasm to Militarism in Japan. She reminds people not to forget the history. However, despite the great sorrow and sadness brought by Japanese invasion, people should, at the same time, learn to let go of the negative emotion in order to move forwards. In *Forgiveness*《不記恨》, although the sorrow in Sino\\-Japanese War is addressed, she urges people not to trap in the past. Forgiveness is crucial to lead people to a better future.\n\n",
"### Nostalgia\n\nLu has witnessed the gradual transformation of Hong Kong from an industrial\\-oriented city to an international financial center. Under modernization, the rent of local shops surges from year to year, which small local business could hardly survive. Business in Hong Kong has entered a stage of homogenization. The loss of local colors has brought out the nostalgia feelings within Lu. Many of her writings have demonstrated her nostalgia towards the old Hong Kong. As shown in her writing 《懷舊十題》, nostalgia is not a trend but a significant feeling in revealing the deepest\\-emotion of a person. It represents part of our lives and becomes the eternal memory in our brain. In the *Life of Teaching*《一生承教》, Lu points out people's negligence of Hong Kong local colors and reminds people not to treasure thing only when they have lost it. Instead, we should treasure things which are still exist.小思。（2007）。《一生承教》。\n\n",
"Style of writing\n----------------\n\n### Metaphors\n\nAs influenced by Lu's father in exploring the nature, she always uses metaphors in relating the nature of different insects to humanities. Take *Cicada*《蟬》as an example, by describing the special characteristics and nature of [cicada](/wiki/Cicada \"Cicada\"), Lu points out the core value of a teacher. To her, the life of a cicada is similar to the life of a teacher. Teachers are crucial in passing the knowledge to the next generation. No matter how long it takes, they should live properly to pass these spirits.\n\nOn the other hand, metaphors were also used to introduce Mr. Tang's idea of New Confucianism. Take *Moth*《蛾》 and *Snail*《蝸牛》as examples, Lu took them as metaphors to people nowadays. In *Moth*《蛾》, [moths](/wiki/Moths \"Moths\")' nature of flying to flame is regarded as a fatal attraction. They are attracted to light, which repeatedly leads to their death caused by fire. Similarly, in *Snail*《蝸牛》, [snails](/wiki/Snails \"Snails\") use only their feelers to move forward and refuse to leave the road. This stubborn attitude and nature lead to the death of the snails, which they are repeatedly mashed by humans or cars. These natures of moths and snails are similar to people nowadays, which they blindly follow the social conventions and repeat making the same mistake in the past. Through the use of metaphor, Lu urges people to change and critically examine the rationality of these practices.\n\n",
"### Metaphors\n\nAs influenced by Lu's father in exploring the nature, she always uses metaphors in relating the nature of different insects to humanities. Take *Cicada*《蟬》as an example, by describing the special characteristics and nature of [cicada](/wiki/Cicada \"Cicada\"), Lu points out the core value of a teacher. To her, the life of a cicada is similar to the life of a teacher. Teachers are crucial in passing the knowledge to the next generation. No matter how long it takes, they should live properly to pass these spirits.\n\nOn the other hand, metaphors were also used to introduce Mr. Tang's idea of New Confucianism. Take *Moth*《蛾》 and *Snail*《蝸牛》as examples, Lu took them as metaphors to people nowadays. In *Moth*《蛾》, [moths](/wiki/Moths \"Moths\")' nature of flying to flame is regarded as a fatal attraction. They are attracted to light, which repeatedly leads to their death caused by fire. Similarly, in *Snail*《蝸牛》, [snails](/wiki/Snails \"Snails\") use only their feelers to move forward and refuse to leave the road. This stubborn attitude and nature lead to the death of the snails, which they are repeatedly mashed by humans or cars. These natures of moths and snails are similar to people nowadays, which they blindly follow the social conventions and repeat making the same mistake in the past. Through the use of metaphor, Lu urges people to change and critically examine the rationality of these practices.\n\n",
"Publications\n------------\n\nLu has published a total of 21 books and stopped writing in 2014\\. The books are as follow:[盧瑋鑾：小思老師著作](http://hklitpub.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/topics/writers/LuWeiluan/wks_bks_original.htm) The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. 2010\\. Retrieved 2 November 2015\n\n| Pseudonym Used | Book Title | Year of Publication | Publisher |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Mingchuan (明川) | 《豐子愷漫畫選繹》 | 1980 | 純一出版社 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《日影行》 | 1982 | 山邊社 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《承教小記》 | 1983 | 明川出版社 |\n| Lu Wei\\-luan (盧瑋鑾) | 《香港的憂鬱：文人筆下的香港（1925\\-1941）》 | 1983 | 華風書局 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《不遷》 | 1985 | 華漢文化 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《香港文縱──內地作家南來及其文化活動》 | 1987 | 華漢文化 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《今夜星光燦爛》 | 1990 | 漢藝色硏 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《彤雲箋》 | 1990 | 華漢文化 |\n| Lu Wei\\-luan (盧瑋鑾) | 《香港文學散步》 | 1991 | 商務出版社 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《人間清月》 | 1993 | 獲益 |\n| Lu Wei\\-luan (盧瑋鑾) | 《不老的繆思：中國現當代散文理論》 | 1993 | 天地 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《舊路行人：中國學生周報文輯》 | 1997 | 次文化堂 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《路上談》 | 1997 | 山邊社 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《香港家書》 | 2002 | 牛津出版社 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《香港故事》 | 2002 | 牛津出版社 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《夜讀閃念》 | 2002 | 牛津出版社 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《一生承教》 | 2007 | 三聯書店 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《翠拂行人袖》精選集 | 2013 | 中華書局 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《縴夫的腳步》 | 2014 | 中華書局 |\n| Xiaosi (小思) | 《我思故鄉在》 | 2014 | 啟思出版社 |\n| Lu Wei\\-luan (盧瑋鑾) | 《香港文化眾聲道（第一冊）》 | 2014 | 三聯書店 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [盧瑋鑾 小思老師](http://hklitpub.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/topics/writers/LuWeiluan/about.htm)\n* [自強不息 小思傑出教育家](https://web.archive.org/web/20140820211926/http://www.hkedcity.net/article/qualityedu/031211-008/)\n* [第六集：四人行：小思、古蒼梧、陸離、石琪(上)：個性篇](http://programme.rthk.org.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?name=tv/outstandingchinesewriters&p=6406&e=279094&d=2014-11-09&m=episode)\n* [第七集：四人行：小思、古蒼梧、陸離、石琪(下)：承傳篇](http://programme.rthk.org.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?name=tv/outstandingchinesewriters&d=2014-11-16&p=6406&e=279097&m=episode)\n\n[Category:1939 births](/wiki/Category:1939_births \"1939 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Hong Kong women writers](/wiki/Category:Hong_Kong_women_writers \"Hong Kong women writers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Kongressfjellet
|
{
"id": [
27199084
],
"name": [
"Entranced98"
]
}
|
rb0eafmkie3zhqxknk7lwns25aw34rp
|
2024-09-20T16:09:09Z
| 999,382,554 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Kongressfjellet** is a mountain in [Dickson Land](/wiki/Dickson_Land \"Dickson Land\") at [Spitsbergen](/wiki/Spitsbergen \"Spitsbergen\"), [Svalbard](/wiki/Svalbard \"Svalbard\"). It has a height of 605 [m.a.s.l.](/wiki/M.a.s.l. \"M.a.s.l.\"), and is located between the valleys of [Idodalen](/wiki/Idodalen \"Idodalen\") (north) and [Sauriedalen](/wiki/Sauriedalen \"Sauriedalen\") (east), and the mountain of [Tschermakfjellet](/wiki/Tschermakfjellet \"Tschermakfjellet\") (south).\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Mountains of Spitsbergen](/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Spitsbergen \"Mountains of Spitsbergen\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Suresh Perera (Old Cambrians cricketer)
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
bfoxygzbzmhxh4a7d5ot4sf723feaq4
|
2024-08-15T12:18:25Z
| 1,155,229,198 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Suresh Perera** (born 5 June 1970\\) is a [Sri Lankan](/wiki/Sri_Lanka \"Sri Lanka\") former [first\\-class cricketer](/wiki/First-class_cricket \"First-class cricket\"), active 1991–92, who played for the [Old Cambrians Sports Club](/wiki/Old_Cambrians_Sports_Club \"Old Cambrians Sports Club\") as a right arm [off break](/wiki/Off_break \"Off break\") [bowler](/wiki/Bowling_%28cricket%29 \"Bowling (cricket)\"). At the time, he was reported to be a 21\\-year\\-old student, based in [Moratuwa](/wiki/Moratuwa \"Moratuwa\").\n\nPerera appeared in one first\\-class match for the Old Cambrians in the [Saravanamuttu Trophy](/wiki/Saravanamuttu_Trophy \"Saravanamuttu Trophy\"), playing against the [Antonians Sports Club](/wiki/Antonians_Sports_Club \"Antonians Sports Club\") at [Tyronne Fernando Stadium](/wiki/Tyronne_Fernando_Stadium \"Tyronne Fernando Stadium\") from 1 to 3 November 1991\\. In his two [innings](/wiki/Innings \"Innings\"), he made scores of 7 and 4, and took one [wicket](/wiki/Wicket \"Wicket\") for 61\\. Antonians Sports Club won the match by 8 wickets.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1970 births](/wiki/Category:1970_births \"1970 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Old Cambrians cricketers](/wiki/Category:Old_Cambrians_cricketers \"Old Cambrians cricketers\")\n[Category:Sri Lankan cricketers](/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_cricketers \"Sri Lankan cricketers\")\n[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Place of birth missing (living people)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Indianola, Delaware County, Oklahoma
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
9hbzd9csw02iz0wn4xzye4lqdvro4ee
|
2024-08-22T12:19:50Z
| 1,176,892,946 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Geography",
"Demographics",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Indianola** is an [unincorporated area](/wiki/Unincorporated_area \"Unincorporated area\") and [census\\-designated place](/wiki/Census-designated_place \"Census-designated place\") (CDP) in [Delaware County](/wiki/Delaware_County%2C_Oklahoma \"Delaware County, Oklahoma\"), [Oklahoma](/wiki/Oklahoma \"Oklahoma\"), United States. The population was 48 at the [2010 census](/wiki/2010_United_States_Census \"2010 United States Census\").\n\n",
"Geography\n---------\n\nIndianola is located in east\\-central Delaware County, east of [Jay](/wiki/Jay%2C_Oklahoma \"Jay, Oklahoma\"), the [county seat](/wiki/County_seat \"County seat\"), and west of the [Arkansas](/wiki/Arkansas \"Arkansas\") border.\n\nAccording to the [United States Census Bureau](/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau \"United States Census Bureau\"), the Indianola CDP has a total area of , all land.\n\n",
"Demographics\n------------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Census\\-designated places in Delaware County, Oklahoma](/wiki/Category:Census-designated_places_in_Delaware_County%2C_Oklahoma \"Census-designated places in Delaware County, Oklahoma\")\n[Category:Census\\-designated places in Oklahoma](/wiki/Category:Census-designated_places_in_Oklahoma \"Census-designated places in Oklahoma\")\n[Category:Populated places within the Cherokee Nation reservation](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_within_the_Cherokee_Nation_reservation \"Populated places within the Cherokee Nation reservation\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Apostolic Vicariate of Hosanna
|
{
"id": [
39088972
],
"name": [
"Medusahead"
]
}
|
0ygckzrembtfdma307ez84ctvdi2lto
|
2023-08-10T09:51:57Z
| 1,105,813,770 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Statistics",
"History",
"Ordinaries",
"See also",
"References",
"Sources and external links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Apostolic Vicariate of Hosanna** is a [Catholic](/wiki/Catholic_Church \"Catholic Church\") pre\\-[diocesan](/wiki/Diocese \"Diocese\") missionary jurisdiction of the [Roman Catholic Church](/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church \"Roman Catholic Church\") in [Ethiopia](/wiki/Ethiopia \"Ethiopia\") (a country which is mostly [Oriental Orthodox](/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox \"Oriental Orthodox\"), of the [Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church](/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church \"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church\")). It is exempt, i.e. directly subject to the [Holy See](/wiki/Holy_See \"Holy See\") via the [Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples](/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples \"Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples\")), not part of any [ecclesiastical conference](/wiki/Ecclesiastical_conference \"Ecclesiastical conference\").\n\nIts [cathedral](/wiki/Cathedral \"Cathedral\") episcopal see since 2010 is a St. Joseph's cathedral, which was built in 1999 and dedicated to the diocesan patron saint, in [Hosanna](/wiki/Hosanna_%28Ethiopia%29 \"Hosanna (Ethiopia)\").\n\n",
"Statistics\n----------\n\nAs per 2014, it pastorally served 143,204 Catholics (5\\.4% of 2,658,416 total) on 8,214 km² in 26 parishes and 3 missions with 48 priests (37 diocesan, 11 religious), 1 deacon, 64 lay religious (25 brothers, 39 sisters) and 15 seminarians.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nEstablished on 13 December 1940 as *Apostolic Prefecture of Hosanna*, on territories split off from the then [Apostolic Prefecture of Neghelli](/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Neghelli \"Apostolic Prefecture of Neghelli\") and then [Apostolic Vicariate of Gimma](/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Gimma \"Apostolic Vicariate of Gimma\") (now Nekemte) and run by missionary [Friars Minor Capuchin](/wiki/Friars_Minor_Capuchin \"Friars Minor Capuchin\").\n\nSuppressed end of 1977, its territory being reassigned to establish the then [Apostolic Prefecture of Soddo–Hosanna](/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Soddo%E2%80%93Hosanna \"Apostolic Prefecture of Soddo–Hosanna\"). Restored and promoted on 20 January, 2010 by [Pope Benedict XVI](/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI \"Pope Benedict XVI\") as *[Apostolic Vicariate](/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate \"Apostolic Vicariate\") of Hosanna* on territory restituted from the meanwhile promoted [Apostolic Vicariate of Soddo–Hosanna](/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Soddo%E2%80%93Hosanna \"Apostolic Vicariate of Soddo–Hosanna\") (which is accordingly renamed [Apostolic Vicariate of Soddo](/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Soddo \"Apostolic Vicariate of Soddo\"). The Apostolic Vicariate of Hosanna comprises the whole population of Hadiya, Kambata\\-Tambaro zones and parts of Alaba special woreda and Silte zone.\n\n",
"Ordinaries\n----------\n\nApostolic Prefects of Hosanna\n* Tiziano da Verona, [OFMCap](/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin \"Order of Friars Minor Capuchin\") (1940\\.10\\.25 – death 1945\\)\n* [Apostolic Administrator](/wiki/Apostolic_Administrator \"Apostolic Administrator\") Urbain\\-Marie Person, OFMCap (1952\\.01\\.02 – 1972\\), while Apostolic Prefect of [Neghelli](/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Neghelli \"Apostolic Prefecture of Neghelli\") (Ethiopia) (1952\\.01\\.02 – 1969\\.10\\.15\\), also Apostolic Administrator of [Apostolic Vicariate of Gimma](/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Gimma \"Apostolic Vicariate of Gimma\") (Ethiopia) (1952–1958\\), Apostolic Administrator of [Apostolic Vicariate of Harar](/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Harar \"Apostolic Vicariate of Harar\") (Ethiopia) (1952 – 1955\\.07\\.03\\) until promoted Apostolic Vicar of [Harar](/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Harar \"Apostolic Vicariate of Harar\") (1955\\.07\\.03 – 1981\\.12\\.04\\) \\& Titular Bishop of [Cyme](/wiki/Cyme_%28Aeolis%29 \"Cyme (Aeolis)\") (1955\\.07\\.03 – 1994\\.02\\.09\\), Apostolic Prefect of [Awasa](/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Awasa \"Apostolic Prefecture of Awasa\") (Ethiopia) (1969\\.10\\.15 – 1973\\.02\\.16\\)\n* [Apostolic Administrator](/wiki/Apostolic_Administrator \"Apostolic Administrator\") Domenico Crescentino Marinozzi, OFMCap (1972 – 1977\\.12\\.30\\); later Apostolic Administrator of [Soddo–Hosanna](/wiki/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Soddo%E2%80%93Hosanna \"Apostolic Prefecture of Soddo–Hosanna\") (Ethiopia) (1977\\.12\\.30 – 1979\\.02\\.23\\), promoted last Prefect Apostolic of Soddo–Hosanna (1979\\.02\\.23 – 1982\\.10\\.15\\), promoted Titular Bishop of [Iucundiana](/wiki/Iucundiana \"Iucundiana\") (1982\\.10\\.15 – ...) \\& first Apostolic Vicar of [Soddo–Hosanna](/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Soddo%E2%80%93Hosanna \"Apostolic Vicariate of Soddo–Hosanna\") (1982\\.10\\.15 – 2007\\.01\\.05\\)\n\nApostolic Vicars of Hosanna\n* Woldeghiorghis Mathewos (2010\\.01\\.20 – retired 2017\\.04\\.08\\), [Titular Bishop](/wiki/Titular_Bishop \"Titular Bishop\") of [Turuda](/wiki/Turuda \"Turuda\") (2010\\.01\\.20 – ...)\n* [Bishop](/wiki/Bishop \"Bishop\") Seyoum Franso Noel (2017\\.04\\.08 – ...), named Titular Bishop of [Eminentiana](/wiki/Eminentiana \"Eminentiana\") (2017\\.04\\.08\\), ordained Bishop (2017\\.07\\.02\\).\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of Catholic dioceses in Ethiopia and Eritrea](/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_Ethiopia_and_Eritrea \"List of Catholic dioceses in Ethiopia and Eritrea\")\n* [Catholic Church in Ethiopia](/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ethiopia \"Catholic Church in Ethiopia\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Sources and external links\n--------------------------\n\n* [GCatholic with incumbent bio links \\- data for all sections](http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/hosa0.htm)\n* [GCatholic and GoogleMaps the cathedral](http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/africa/1602.htm)\n\n[Category:Catholic dioceses in Ethiopia](/wiki/Category:Catholic_dioceses_in_Ethiopia \"Catholic dioceses in Ethiopia\")\n[Category:Apostolic vicariates](/wiki/Category:Apostolic_vicariates \"Apostolic vicariates\")\n[1940 establishments in Africa](/wiki/Category:1940_establishments_in_Africa \"1940 establishments in Africa\")\n[1977 disestablishments in Ethiopia](/wiki/Category:1977_disestablishments_in_Ethiopia \"1977 disestablishments in Ethiopia\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Lecithocera exophthalma
|
{
"id": [
12360419
],
"name": [
"Scorpions13256"
]
}
|
paual89ysq99obn5x38pyjxrklmmjnv
|
2022-06-14T02:15:26Z
| 976,809,479 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Lecithocera exophthalma*** is a [moth](/wiki/Moth \"Moth\") in the family [Lecithoceridae](/wiki/Lecithoceridae \"Lecithoceridae\"). It was described by [Edward Meyrick](/wiki/Edward_Meyrick \"Edward Meyrick\") in 1911\\. It is found in southern [India](/wiki/India \"India\").\n\nThe [wingspan](/wiki/Wingspan \"Wingspan\") is 17–21 mm. The forewings are purplish fuscous, rather darker in females and with an elongate black dot beneath the costa near the base. The plical and first discal stigmata are united into a transverse\\-oval blackish blotch, edged posteriorly with whitish ochreous, and the second discal represented by a quite similar blotch, edged on both sides. There is a black dot lying between the upper extremities of these and also an indistinct pale ochreous somewhat curved subterminal line, dilated and distinct on the costa, indented beneath the costa. The hindwings are light grey in males and grey in females.[*Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society*. **20** (3\\): 720\\.](https://archive.org/stream/journalofbombayn20191011bomb#page/720/mode/1up)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Moths described in 1911](/wiki/Category:Moths_described_in_1911 \"Moths described in 1911\")\n[exophthalma](/wiki/Category:Lecithocera \"Lecithocera\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Jacques Leon Clément-Thomas
|
{
"id": [
3516626
],
"name": [
"Quinet"
]
}
|
7jf3vxdb9gg5ukcbodxd2xzorivvvz9
|
2023-11-28T21:06:28Z
| 1,101,358,959 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early military and political career",
"Return to the National Guard",
"Execution",
"Legacy",
"See also",
"References",
"Other Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Jacques Léon Clément\\-Thomas**, was born in 1809 in [Libourne](/wiki/Libourne \"Libourne\") (Gironde) and shot in Paris on 18 March 1871, one of the first deaths of the [Paris Commune](/wiki/Paris_Commune \"Paris Commune\"). A Republican of the old guard, Clément\\-Thomas was an army general, Commander in Chief of France's [National Guard](/wiki/National_Guard_%28France%29 \"National Guard (France)\") on two occasions, and a parliamentary deputy.\n\n",
"Early military and political career\n-----------------------------------\n\n[thumb\\|290px\\|Clément\\-Thomas caricatured by [Amédée de Noé](/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_de_No%C3%A9 \"Amédée de Noé\") in 1851\\.](/wiki/File:Cl%C3%A9ment_Thomas_par_Cham.JPG \"Clément Thomas par Cham.JPG\")\n\nJacques Léon Clément\\-Thomas joined the army as a volunteer at the age of twenty. As a junior officer of republican tendencies, he was implicated in several plots (including that of [Lunéville](/wiki/Lun%C3%A9ville \"Lunéville\")) during the [July Monarchy](/wiki/July_Monarchy \"July Monarchy\"). Arrested in 1835, Clément\\-Thomas managed to escape from the [Sainte\\-Pélagie Prison](/wiki/Sainte-P%C3%A9lagie_Prison \"Sainte-Pélagie Prison\") in Paris.\n\nExiled to England, Clément\\-Thomas returned to France after the amnesty of political offenders in [1837](/wiki/Mai_1837 \"Mai 1837\") and collaborated with the newspaper *[Le National](/wiki/Le_National_%28Paris%29 \"Le National (Paris)\")*, the organ of the \"bourgeois Republican\" majority. Clément\\-Thomas was a supporter of the [French Second Republic](/wiki/French_Second_Republic \"French Second Republic\") and was elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1848 as member for Gironde. When the [uprising of June 1848](/wiki/June_Days_Uprising \"June Days Uprising\") broke out, he was placed in command of the National Guard of the Seine, which harshly repressed the revolting workers of the [National Ateliers](/wiki/National_Workshops \"National Workshops\"). Clément\\-Thomas failed to be elected a deputy of the Legislative Assembly in 1849\\. \n\n \n\nClément\\-Thomas opposed [Napoleon III](/wiki/Napoleon_III \"Napoleon III\")'s coup d'état of December 2, 1851 and vainly tried to raise the Gironde against the coup. During the [Second French Empire](/wiki/Second_French_Empire \"Second French Empire\"), he went into exile in Belgium and Luxembourg.\n\n",
"Return to the National Guard\n----------------------------\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|500px\\|The Killing of Generals Clément\\-Thomas and Lecomte, 6 rue des Rosiers, Montmartre \\- Photomontage by Eugène Appert. Bibliothèque historique de la Ville de Paris.](/wiki/File:Ernest_Eug%C3%A8ne_Appert%2C_Assassinat_des_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux_Cl%C3%A9ment_Thomas_et_Claude_Lecomte%2C_1871.jpg \"Ernest Eugène Appert, Assassinat des généraux Clément Thomas et Claude Lecomte, 1871.jpg\")\nClément\\-Thomas returned to Paris after the proclamation of the Republic on 4 September 1870\\. The [Government of National Defence](/wiki/Government_of_National_Defence \"Government of National Defence\") appointed him commander in chief of the National Guard of the Seine during the siege of Paris. He participated in the disastrous [Buzenval breakout attempt](/wiki/Battle_of_Buzenval_%281871%29 \"Battle of Buzenval (1871)\") of 20 January 1871\\. Clément\\-Thomas resigned his command on 13 February.\n\n",
"Execution\n---------\n\n[thumb\\|The execution of General Jacques Léon Clément\\-Thomas](/wiki/File:18_March_1871_General_Jacques_Leon_Clement-Thomas_is_executed_by_the_Commune.jpg \"18 March 1871 General Jacques Leon Clement-Thomas is executed by the Commune.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|290px\\|Monument at [Père\\-Lachaise](/wiki/P%C3%A8re-Lachaise \"Père-Lachaise\") cemetery.](/wiki/File:Monument_Clement-Thomas_Lecomte.JPG \"Monument Clement-Thomas Lecomte.JPG\")\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|1871 medal commemorating the death penalty for the murder of the French Generals Lecomte and Thomas, obverse](/wiki/File:Death_Penalty_against_Simon_Mayer_for_the_Murder_of_2_French_Generals_at_the_start_of_the_Paris_Commune_1871_Medal%2C_obverse.jpg \"Death Penalty against Simon Mayer for the Murder of 2 French Generals at the start of the Paris Commune 1871 Medal, obverse.jpg\")\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|The reverse of this medal](/wiki/File:Death_Penalty_against_Simon_Mayer_for_the_Murder_of_2_French_Generals_at_the_start_of_the_Paris_Commune_1871_Medal%2C_reverse.jpg \"Death Penalty against Simon Mayer for the Murder of 2 French Generals at the start of the Paris Commune 1871 Medal, reverse.jpg\")\nDuring the uprising of 18 March 1871, in civilian clothes, Clément\\-Thomas reconnoitered the barricades of Montmartre. He was recognized and seized by the crowd, thrown on top of the corpse of General [Claude Lecomte](/wiki/Claude_Lecomte \"Claude Lecomte\"), who had been lynched a few minutes earlier, and killed in his turn. Their bodies remained exposed for two days on rue des Rosiers (now rue du Chevalier\\-de\\-la\\-Barre).\n\n \n\nA Doctor Guyon, who examined the bodies afterwards, found forty balls in the body of Clément\\-Thomas and nine rounds in the back of Lecomte.\n\nThe legend that Generals Lecomte and Thomas were shot \"in a regulation manner\" by a firing squad was a fabrication: it is based on a photograph staged by the photographer [Eugène Appert](/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Appert_%28photographe%29 \"Eugène Appert (photographe)\"), which was taken in June, three months later. This photograph may have in turn been inspired by an engraving and report in the edition of [L'Illustration](/wiki/L%27Illustration \"L'Illustration\") of the 25th of March, 1871\\.L'Illustration \\- Journal Universel, Samedi, 25 Mars, 1871, pp.164\\-165\\. There was even a 1908 activist theater production (entitled *La Commune*), which portrays a pseudo\\-trial of the two generals before their execution.\n\n \n\n",
"Legacy\n------\n\nOn 18 November 1871 a court\\-martial (le 6e Conseil de Guerre) handed down the death penalty to [Simon Charles Mayer](/wiki/Simon_Charles_Mayer \"Simon Charles Mayer\") (1820 [Nancy](/wiki/Nancy%2C_France \"Nancy, France\") \\- 1887 [Basel](/wiki/Basel \"Basel\")), major of the Paris Commune, for being responsible for the murder of the two generals Claude Lecomte, and Jacques Leonard Clement Thomas, in spite of weak evidence. In 1872 this sentence was commuted to life\\-long forced labour, and thereafter he was exiled to [New Caledonia](/wiki/New_Caledonia \"New Caledonia\").\n\n \n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [June Days Uprising](/wiki/June_Days_Uprising \"June Days Uprising\")\n* [Paris Commune](/wiki/Paris_Commune \"Paris Commune\")\n* [Claude Lecomte](/wiki/Claude_Lecomte \"Claude Lecomte\")\n* [Eugène Appert](/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Appert_%28photographe%29 \"Eugène Appert (photographe)\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Other Sources\n-------------\n\n* Bernard Noël, *Dictionnaire de la Commune* \\[Dictionary of the Commune], Flammarion, collection Champs, 1978\\.\n* Récit de l'exécution des Généraux Lecomte et Clément\\-Thomas par Alphonse Daudet dans *Le jardin de la rue des rosiers \\- Souvenirs d'un homme de lettres* \\[Account of the execution of Generals Lecomte and Clément\\-Thomas by Alphonse Daudet in *The Garden on the Rue des Rosiers \\- Memories of a man of letters.*] <http://www.coppoweb.com/merson/chroniques/fr.daudet.php>\n\n[Category:1809 births](/wiki/Category:1809_births \"1809 births\")\n[Category:1871 deaths](/wiki/Category:1871_deaths \"1871 deaths\")\n[Category:People from Libourne](/wiki/Category:People_from_Libourne \"People from Libourne\")\n[Category:Politicians from Nouvelle\\-Aquitaine](/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Nouvelle-Aquitaine \"Politicians from Nouvelle-Aquitaine\")\n[Category:Moderate Republicans (France)](/wiki/Category:Moderate_Republicans_%28France%29 \"Moderate Republicans (France)\")\n[Category:Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_1848_Constituent_Assembly \"Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly\")\n[Category:Executed French people](/wiki/Category:Executed_French_people \"Executed French people\")\n[Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery](/wiki/Category:Burials_at_P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery \"Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery\")\n\n"
]
}
|
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