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Alfred Enoch
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2024-09-11T22:23:15Z
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{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and education",
"Career",
"Personal life",
"Theatre",
"Filmography",
"Film",
"Television",
"Audio",
"Video games",
"Audiobooks",
"Audio dramas",
"Awards and nominations",
"References",
"External links"
],
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"content": [
"\n\n* + - * + - * \n\n**Alfred Lewis Enoch***Index of Births, Marriages and Deaths in England and Wales, 1984–2005\\.* (born 2 December 1988\\) is a British\\-Brazilian actor. He is best known for playing [Dean Thomas](/wiki/Dean_Thomas_%28Harry_Potter%29 \"Dean Thomas (Harry Potter)\") in the [*Harry Potter* film series](/wiki/Harry_Potter_%28film_series%29 \"Harry Potter (film series)\") and [Wes Gibbins](/wiki/List_of_How_to_Get_Away_with_Murder_characters \"List of How to Get Away with Murder characters\") in the legal thriller television series *[How to Get Away with Murder](/wiki/How_to_Get_Away_with_Murder \"How to Get Away with Murder\")*.\n\n",
"Early life and education\n------------------------\n\nEnoch was born on 2 December 1988 in the [Westminster](/wiki/Westminster \"Westminster\") district of [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), to actor [William Russell](/wiki/William_Russell_%28English_actor%29 \"William Russell (English actor)\") (1924\\-2024\\) and his second wife, Etheline Margareth Lewis, a [Barbadian Brazilian](/wiki/Barbadian_Brazilian \"Barbadian Brazilian\") doctor. He has three half\\-siblings from his father's previous marriage, and holds dual British and Brazilian citizenship. He lived with his parents in southern France when he was two or three. He was educated at [Westminster School](/wiki/Westminster_School \"Westminster School\"), a historic [public school](/wiki/Public_school_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"Public school (United Kingdom)\") in Westminster, London.\n\nEnoch is a fluent speaker of English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish, and graduated from [the Queen's College, Oxford](/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College%2C_Oxford \"The Queen's College, Oxford\") with a [Bachelor of Arts](/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts \"Bachelor of Arts\") in Modern Languages.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|left\\|Enoch at the 2011 [London Film and Comic Con](/wiki/London_Film_and_Comic_Con \"London Film and Comic Con\")](/wiki/File:Alfred_Enoch_1.jpg \"Alfred Enoch 1.jpg\")\nIn 2001, Enoch made his acting debut as [Dean Thomas](/wiki/Dean_Thomas_%28Harry_Potter%29 \"Dean Thomas (Harry Potter)\") in *[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)\")*. At first, Enoch was reluctant to audition, as he was unable to think of very many black *Harry Potter* characters. He did, however, and he played the character throughout the entire franchise. He also voiced the character in several of the *Harry Potter* video games.\n\nAfter the *Harry Potter* films, Enoch appeared in a number of plays throughout London including *[Coriolanus](/wiki/Coriolanus_%282013_play%29 \"Coriolanus (2013 play)\")*, *[Timon of Athens](/wiki/Timon_of_Athens \"Timon of Athens\")*, *[Antigone](/wiki/Antigone_%28Sophocles_play%29 \"Antigone (Sophocles play)\")*, and *[Happy New](/wiki/Happy_New_Year_%28musical%29 \"Happy New Year (musical)\").* He made a guest appearance as Stephen Bainbridge, the Bloody Guardsman, in the *[Sherlock](/wiki/Sherlock_%28TV_series%29 \"Sherlock (TV series)\")* episode, \"[The Sign of Three](/wiki/The_Sign_of_Three \"The Sign of Three\")\". In 2014, Enoch began starring as [Wes Gibbins](/wiki/Wes_Gibbins \"Wes Gibbins\") in the [ABC](/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company \"American Broadcasting Company\") legal thriller series *[How to Get Away with Murder](/wiki/How_to_Get_Away_with_Murder \"How to Get Away with Murder\")*, produced by [Shonda Rhimes](/wiki/Shonda_Rhimes \"Shonda Rhimes\").\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|Enoch at the [46th NAACP Image Awards](/wiki/46th_NAACP_Image_Awards \"46th NAACP Image Awards\") in 2015](/wiki/File:Alfred_Enoch_2014_NAACP_Image_Awards_%28cropped%29.jpg \"Alfred Enoch 2014 NAACP Image Awards (cropped).jpg\")\nIn 2016, Enoch played Edgar/Poor Tom in the well\\-received [Talawa Theatre Company](/wiki/Talawa_Theatre_Company \"Talawa Theatre Company\") and [Manchester Royal Exchange](/wiki/Manchester_Royal_Exchange \"Manchester Royal Exchange\") co\\-production of *[King Lear](/wiki/King_Lear \"King Lear\")*, for which he garnered much praise for his characterisation and the physicality he brought to the roles.\n\nEnoch returned to the [West End](/wiki/West_End_theatre \"West End theatre\") in the 2018 revival of *[Red](/wiki/Red_%28play%29 \"Red (play)\")* at [Wyndham's Theatre](/wiki/Wyndham%27s_Theatre \"Wyndham's Theatre\"), starring alongside [Alfred Molina](/wiki/Alfred_Molina \"Alfred Molina\"). That same year, he played [Aeneas](/wiki/Aeneas \"Aeneas\"), in the [BBC ONE](/wiki/BBC_One \"BBC One\") \\& [Netflix TV](/wiki/Netflix \"Netflix\") miniseries *[Troy: Fall of a City](/wiki/Troy:Fall_of_a_City \"Fall of a City\")*. The following year, Enoch took the leading role 'Jamie McCain' in BBC drama [*Trust Me*, series 2](/wiki/Trust_Me_%28British_TV_series%29 \"Trust Me (British TV series)\").\n\nIn 2020, Enoch returned for two episodes of *How to Get Away with Murder*s [sixth season](/wiki/How_to_Get_Away_with_Murder_%28season_6%29 \"How to Get Away with Murder (season 6)\") but in the separate role of the adult version of Christopher Castillo, Wes' son. That same year, he played Antônio in [Executive Order](/wiki/Executive_Order_%28film%29 \"Executive Order (film)\") and Ryan in [Tigers](/wiki/Tigers_%282020_film%29 \"Tigers (2020 film)\").\n\nIn 2021, he played [Romeo](/wiki/Romeo \"Romeo\") in a production of *[Romeo and Juliet](/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet \"Romeo and Juliet\")* at [the Globe Theatre](/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe \"Shakespeare's Globe\") in London, Raych Seldon in [Apple TV\\+](/wiki/Apple_TV%2B \"Apple TV+\") science fiction series *[Foundation](/wiki/Foundation_%28TV_series%29 \"Foundation (TV series)\"),* and Harry Wotton in a 2021 adaption of *[The Picture of Dorian Gray](/wiki/The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray_%281945_film%29 \"The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945 film)\")*.\n\nEnoch returned to the special featuring *[Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts](/wiki/Harry_Potter_20th_Anniversary:Return_to_Hogwarts \"Return to Hogwarts\")* in 2022\\. He played the Dramaturg in *Shades of Blue* at [Sadler's Wells](/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells_Theatre \"Sadler's Wells Theatre\") in May of that same year. Enoch also played Adam in *[This is Christmas](/wiki/This_Is_Christmas_%28film%29 \"This Is Christmas (film)\")*.\n\nIn 2023, Enoch played Pete in the TV series *[The Couple Next Door](/wiki/The_Couple_Next_Door \"The Couple Next Door\")* and Tom in [*The Critic*](/wiki/The_Critic_%282023_film%29 \"The Critic (2023 film)\"). He played Gabe on the BBC audio drama *[People Who Knew Me](/wiki/People_Who_Knew_Me \"People Who Knew Me\")* that same year.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nAs of 2020, Enoch lives in London with his girlfriend.\n\n",
"Theatre\n-------\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1999 | *The Ballad of Salomon Pavey* | Kit Webster | National Youth Music Theatre at Shakespeare's Globe \\& Tour |\n| 2008 | *[The Tempest](/wiki/The_Tempest \"The Tempest\")* | Ferdinand | Tomahawk Theatre |\n|2011\n\n *[The Seagull](/wiki/The_Seagull \"The Seagull\")* |\n Trigorin |\n Oxford Playhouse |\n| *Dinner* | Mike | Edinburgh Fringe Festival |\n|2012\n\n *Happy New* |\n Brothers Danny |\n Made professional London stage debut at the Old Red Lion. |\n| *[Timon of Athens](/wiki/Timon_of_Athens \"Timon of Athens\")* | Philotus | National Theatre |\n| *Antigone* | Chorus | National Theatre |\n| 2014 | *[Coriolanus](/wiki/Coriolanus \"Coriolanus\")* | Titus Lartius | Donmar Warehouse |\n| 2016 | *[King Lear](/wiki/King_Lear \"King Lear\")* | Edgar/Poor Tom | Royal Exchange |\n| 2018 | *[Red](/wiki/Red_%28play%29 \"Red (play)\")* | Ken | Wyndham's Theatre/MGC |\n| 2019 | *Tree* | Kaleo | Young Vic theatre |\n|2020\n\n *CRAVE* |\n B |\n Chichester Festival Theatre |\n| *[What A Carve Up!](/wiki/What_a_Carve_Up%21_%28novel%29 \"What a Carve Up! (novel)\")* | Raymond Owen | The Barn Theatre, Lawrence Batley Theatre and New Wolsey Theatre (Online) |\n|2021\n\n *[The Picture of Dorian Gray](/wiki/The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\")* |\n [Lord Henry Wotton](/wiki/Lord_Henry_Wotton \"Lord Henry Wotton\") |\n Theatr Clwyd, Barn Theatre, Oxford Playhouse, the New Wolsey Theatre, Lawrence Batley Theatre (Online) |\n| *[Watch on the Rhine](/wiki/Watch_on_the_Rhine_%28play%29 \"Watch on the Rhine (play)\")* | David | Broadway's Best Shows (U.S) (Online) |\n| *[Romeo and Juliet](/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet \"Romeo and Juliet\")* | [Romeo](/wiki/Romeo \"Romeo\") | Shakespeare's Globe |\n|2022\n\n *Shades of Blue* |\n |\n [Dramaturg](/wiki/Dramaturg \"Dramaturg\") only. Sadler's Wells Theatre |\n| *[As You Like It](/wiki/As_You_Like_It \"As You Like It\")* | Orlando | Soho Place |\n| 2024 | *[Pericles](/wiki/Pericles%2C_Prince_of_Tyre \"Pericles, Prince of Tyre\")* | Pericles | Swan Theatre, Stratford\\-Upon\\-Avon |\n\n",
"Filmography\n-----------\n\n### Film\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2001 | *[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)\")* | [Dean Thomas](/wiki/Dean_Thomas_%28Harry_Potter%29 \"Dean Thomas (Harry Potter)\") | |\n| 2002 | *[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Chamber_of_Secrets_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)\")* | |\n| 2004 | *[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Prisoner_of_Azkaban_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)\")* | |\n| 2005 | *[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Goblet_of_Fire_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)\")* | |\n| 2007 | *[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Order_of_the_Phoenix_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)\")* | |\n| 2009 | *[Harry Potter and the Half\\-Blood Prince](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Half-Blood_Prince_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)\")* | |\n| 2011 | *[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2 \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\")* | |\n| 2020 | *[Executive Order](/wiki/Executive_Order_%28film%29 \"Executive Order (film)\")* | Antônio Rodrigues | |\n| *[Tigers](/wiki/Tigers_%282020_film%29 \"Tigers (2020 film)\")* | Ryan | |\n| 2022 | *[This Is Christmas](/wiki/This_Is_Christmas_%28film%29 \"This Is Christmas (film)\")* | Adam | |\n| 2023 | *[The Critic](/wiki/The_Critic_%282023_film%29 \"The Critic (2023 film)\")* | Tom Tunner | |\n\n### Television\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2013 | *[Broadchurch](/wiki/Broadchurch \"Broadchurch\")* | Sam Taylor | Episode \\#1\\.1 |\n| *[Mount Pleasant](/wiki/Mount_Pleasant_%28TV_series%29 \"Mount Pleasant (TV series)\")* | Alex | Episode \\#3\\.7 |\n| 2014 | *[Sherlock](/wiki/Sherlock_%28TV_series%29 \"Sherlock (TV series)\")* | Stephen Bainbridge | Episode: \"[The Sign of Three](/wiki/The_Sign_of_Three \"The Sign of Three\")\" |\n| 2014–2017,2019–2020 | *[How to Get Away with Murder](/wiki/How_to_Get_Away_with_Murder \"How to Get Away with Murder\")* | Wesley \"Wes\" GibbinsChristopher Castillo | Main role ([seasons 1–3](/wiki/List_of_How_to_Get_Away_with_Murder_episodes \"List of How to Get Away with Murder episodes\"))Recurring role (season 4\\); 4 episodesGuest role (season 6\\); 2 episodes |\n| 2018 | *[Troy: Fall of a City](/wiki/Troy:Fall_of_a_City \"Fall of a City\")* | [Aeneas](/wiki/Aeneas \"Aeneas\") | Main role |\n| 2019 | *[Trust Me](/wiki/Trust_Me_%28British_TV_series%29 \"Trust Me (British TV series)\")* | Jamie McCain | Main role ([season 2](/wiki/Trust_Me_%28British_TV_series%29%23Cast \"Trust Me (British TV series)#Cast\")) |\n| 2021–2023 | *[Foundation](/wiki/Foundation_%28TV_series%29 \"Foundation (TV series)\")* | Raych Seldon | Recurring role; 6 episodes (season 1\\), 2 episodes (season 2\\) |\n| 2022 | *[Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts](/wiki/Harry_Potter_20th_Anniversary:Return_to_Hogwarts \"Return to Hogwarts\")* | Himself | [HBO Max](/wiki/HBO_Max \"HBO Max\") Special |\n| 2023 | *[The Couple Next Door](/wiki/The_Couple_Next_Door \"The Couple Next Door\")* | Pete | Lead role |\n| | *[Miss Austen](/wiki/Miss_Austen \"Miss Austen\")* | | In production |\n\n",
"### Film\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2001 | *[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Philosopher%27s_Stone_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)\")* | [Dean Thomas](/wiki/Dean_Thomas_%28Harry_Potter%29 \"Dean Thomas (Harry Potter)\") | |\n| 2002 | *[Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Chamber_of_Secrets_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)\")* | |\n| 2004 | *[Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Prisoner_of_Azkaban_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)\")* | |\n| 2005 | *[Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Goblet_of_Fire_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)\")* | |\n| 2007 | *[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Order_of_the_Phoenix_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)\")* | |\n| 2009 | *[Harry Potter and the Half\\-Blood Prince](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Half-Blood_Prince_%28film%29 \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)\")* | |\n| 2011 | *[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2 \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\")* | |\n| 2020 | *[Executive Order](/wiki/Executive_Order_%28film%29 \"Executive Order (film)\")* | Antônio Rodrigues | |\n| *[Tigers](/wiki/Tigers_%282020_film%29 \"Tigers (2020 film)\")* | Ryan | |\n| 2022 | *[This Is Christmas](/wiki/This_Is_Christmas_%28film%29 \"This Is Christmas (film)\")* | Adam | |\n| 2023 | *[The Critic](/wiki/The_Critic_%282023_film%29 \"The Critic (2023 film)\")* | Tom Tunner | |\n\n",
"### Television\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2013 | *[Broadchurch](/wiki/Broadchurch \"Broadchurch\")* | Sam Taylor | Episode \\#1\\.1 |\n| *[Mount Pleasant](/wiki/Mount_Pleasant_%28TV_series%29 \"Mount Pleasant (TV series)\")* | Alex | Episode \\#3\\.7 |\n| 2014 | *[Sherlock](/wiki/Sherlock_%28TV_series%29 \"Sherlock (TV series)\")* | Stephen Bainbridge | Episode: \"[The Sign of Three](/wiki/The_Sign_of_Three \"The Sign of Three\")\" |\n| 2014–2017,2019–2020 | *[How to Get Away with Murder](/wiki/How_to_Get_Away_with_Murder \"How to Get Away with Murder\")* | Wesley \"Wes\" GibbinsChristopher Castillo | Main role ([seasons 1–3](/wiki/List_of_How_to_Get_Away_with_Murder_episodes \"List of How to Get Away with Murder episodes\"))Recurring role (season 4\\); 4 episodesGuest role (season 6\\); 2 episodes |\n| 2018 | *[Troy: Fall of a City](/wiki/Troy:Fall_of_a_City \"Fall of a City\")* | [Aeneas](/wiki/Aeneas \"Aeneas\") | Main role |\n| 2019 | *[Trust Me](/wiki/Trust_Me_%28British_TV_series%29 \"Trust Me (British TV series)\")* | Jamie McCain | Main role ([season 2](/wiki/Trust_Me_%28British_TV_series%29%23Cast \"Trust Me (British TV series)#Cast\")) |\n| 2021–2023 | *[Foundation](/wiki/Foundation_%28TV_series%29 \"Foundation (TV series)\")* | Raych Seldon | Recurring role; 6 episodes (season 1\\), 2 episodes (season 2\\) |\n| 2022 | *[Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts](/wiki/Harry_Potter_20th_Anniversary:Return_to_Hogwarts \"Return to Hogwarts\")* | Himself | [HBO Max](/wiki/HBO_Max \"HBO Max\") Special |\n| 2023 | *[The Couple Next Door](/wiki/The_Couple_Next_Door \"The Couple Next Door\")* | Pete | Lead role |\n| | *[Miss Austen](/wiki/Miss_Austen \"Miss Austen\")* | | In production |\n\n",
"Audio\n-----\n\n### Video games\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2007 | *[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Order_of_the_Phoenix_%28video_game%29 \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)\")* |[Dean Thomas](/wiki/Dean_Thomas_%28Harry_Potter%29 \"Dean Thomas (Harry Potter)\")\n\nCredited as Alfie Enoch\n\n| 2009 | *[Harry Potter and the Half\\-Blood Prince](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Half-Blood_Prince_%28video_game%29 \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game)\")* |\n| 2010 | [*Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part I*](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_1_%28video_game%29 \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (video game)\") |\n| 2011 | *[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part II](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2_%28video_game%29 \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (video game)\")* |\n\n### Audiobooks\n\n| Year | Title | Author | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|2020\n\n *The Secret Explorers Series* |\n SJ King |\n DK Audio |\n| *How the Beetle Got Its Colours* | Brazilian folktale | Wonderful Beast: Lockdown Tales |\n| 2021 | *Car Crash* | Eddie Robson | Bafflegab Productions |\n|2022\n\n 120th anniversary of [The Tale of Peter Rabbit](/wiki/The_Tale_of_Peter_Rabbit \"The Tale of Peter Rabbit\") |\n [Beatrix Potter](/wiki/Beatrix_Potter \"Beatrix Potter\") |\n Yoto \\& Penguin Audio |\n| [My Sweet Orange Tree](/wiki/My_Sweet_Orange_Tree \"My Sweet Orange Tree\") | [José Mauro de Vasconcelos](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mauro_de_Vasconcelos \"José Mauro de Vasconcelos\") | Audible Studios |\n| [Madly, Deeply: The Diaries of Alan Rickman](/wiki/Alan_Rickman \"Alan Rickman\") | [Alan Rickman](/wiki/Alan_Rickman \"Alan Rickman\") | Henry Holt and Co. |\n| 2023 | [Pyramids：(Discworld Novel 7\\)](/wiki/Pyramids_%28novel%29 \"Pyramids (novel)\") | [Terry Pratchett](/wiki/Terry_Pratchett \"Terry Pratchett\") | Penguin Audio |\n\n### Audio dramas\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2020 | *Electric Decade: Cane* | | [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") |\n|2021\n\n *The Hand of Ethelberta* |\n Christopher Julian |\n [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") |\n| *Lights Up: Dedication* | [William Shakespeare](/wiki/William_Shakespeare \"William Shakespeare\") (Main) | [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") |\n| *Running With Lions* | Joshua | [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") \\& [Talawa](/wiki/Talawa_Theatre_Company \"Talawa Theatre Company\") |\n|2022\n\n *Darkness* |\n [Lord Byron](/wiki/Lord_Byron \"Lord Byron\") (Main) |\n [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") |\n| *Strings* | Rez | [BBC Radio 3](/wiki/BBC_Radio_3 \"BBC Radio 3\") |\n| 2023 | *[People Who Knew Me](/wiki/People_Who_Knew_Me \"People Who Knew Me\")* | Gabe | [BBC Radio 5](/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live \"BBC Radio 5 Live\") |\n| 2024 | *The Seneschal: A Rebel Moon Story* | Adwin | [Netflix](/wiki/Netflix \"Netflix\") |\n\n",
"### Video games\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2007 | *[Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Order_of_the_Phoenix_%28video_game%29 \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)\")* |[Dean Thomas](/wiki/Dean_Thomas_%28Harry_Potter%29 \"Dean Thomas (Harry Potter)\")\n\nCredited as Alfie Enoch\n\n| 2009 | *[Harry Potter and the Half\\-Blood Prince](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Half-Blood_Prince_%28video_game%29 \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game)\")* |\n| 2010 | [*Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part I*](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_1_%28video_game%29 \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (video game)\") |\n| 2011 | *[Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part II](/wiki/Harry_Potter_and_the_Deathly_Hallows_%E2%80%93_Part_2_%28video_game%29 \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (video game)\")* |\n\n",
"### Audiobooks\n\n| Year | Title | Author | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|2020\n\n *The Secret Explorers Series* |\n SJ King |\n DK Audio |\n| *How the Beetle Got Its Colours* | Brazilian folktale | Wonderful Beast: Lockdown Tales |\n| 2021 | *Car Crash* | Eddie Robson | Bafflegab Productions |\n|2022\n\n 120th anniversary of [The Tale of Peter Rabbit](/wiki/The_Tale_of_Peter_Rabbit \"The Tale of Peter Rabbit\") |\n [Beatrix Potter](/wiki/Beatrix_Potter \"Beatrix Potter\") |\n Yoto \\& Penguin Audio |\n| [My Sweet Orange Tree](/wiki/My_Sweet_Orange_Tree \"My Sweet Orange Tree\") | [José Mauro de Vasconcelos](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mauro_de_Vasconcelos \"José Mauro de Vasconcelos\") | Audible Studios |\n| [Madly, Deeply: The Diaries of Alan Rickman](/wiki/Alan_Rickman \"Alan Rickman\") | [Alan Rickman](/wiki/Alan_Rickman \"Alan Rickman\") | Henry Holt and Co. |\n| 2023 | [Pyramids：(Discworld Novel 7\\)](/wiki/Pyramids_%28novel%29 \"Pyramids (novel)\") | [Terry Pratchett](/wiki/Terry_Pratchett \"Terry Pratchett\") | Penguin Audio |\n\n",
"### Audio dramas\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2020 | *Electric Decade: Cane* | | [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") |\n|2021\n\n *The Hand of Ethelberta* |\n Christopher Julian |\n [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") |\n| *Lights Up: Dedication* | [William Shakespeare](/wiki/William_Shakespeare \"William Shakespeare\") (Main) | [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") |\n| *Running With Lions* | Joshua | [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") \\& [Talawa](/wiki/Talawa_Theatre_Company \"Talawa Theatre Company\") |\n|2022\n\n *Darkness* |\n [Lord Byron](/wiki/Lord_Byron \"Lord Byron\") (Main) |\n [BBC Radio 4](/wiki/BBC_Radio_4 \"BBC Radio 4\") |\n| *Strings* | Rez | [BBC Radio 3](/wiki/BBC_Radio_3 \"BBC Radio 3\") |\n| 2023 | *[People Who Knew Me](/wiki/People_Who_Knew_Me \"People Who Knew Me\")* | Gabe | [BBC Radio 5](/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live \"BBC Radio 5 Live\") |\n| 2024 | *The Seneschal: A Rebel Moon Story* | Adwin | [Netflix](/wiki/Netflix \"Netflix\") |\n\n",
"Awards and nominations\n----------------------\n\n| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2015 | [NAACP Image Award](/wiki/NAACP_Image_Awards \"NAACP Image Awards\") | [Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series](/wiki/NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Supporting_Actor_in_a_Drama_Series \"NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series\") | *[How to Get Away with Murder](/wiki/How_to_Get_Away_with_Murder \"How to Get Away with Murder\")* | |\n| 2016 | |\n| 2017 | |\n| 2018 | [IARA AWARDS](https://essex-tv.co.uk/meet-2018s-iara-awards-nominees/) | Best Young Actor | |\n|2021\n\n [Pan African Film Festival](/wiki/Pan_African_Film_Festival \"Pan African Film Festival\") |\n Canada Lee Award |\n *[Executive Order（Medida Provisória](/wiki/Executive_Order_%28film%29 \"Executive Order (film)\")）* |\n |\n| [FESTin](/wiki/Festival_de_Cinema_Itinerante_da_L%C3%ADngua_Portuguesa \"Festival de Cinema Itinerante da Língua Portuguesa\") | Best Actor Award | |\n| 2023 | [BBC Audio Drama Awards](/wiki/BBC_Audio_Drama_Awards \"BBC Audio Drama Awards\") | Best Actor | *Darkness* | Nominated |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:1988 births](/wiki/Category:1988_births \"1988 births\")\n[Category:21st\\-century English male actors](/wiki/Category:21st-century_English_male_actors \"21st-century English male actors\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Brazilian male actors](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Brazilian_male_actors \"21st-century Brazilian male actors\")\n[Category:Alumni of the Queen's College, Oxford](/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_Queen%27s_College%2C_Oxford \"Alumni of the Queen's College, Oxford\")\n[Category:Black British male actors](/wiki/Category:Black_British_male_actors \"Black British male actors\")\n[Category:Brazilian people of Barbadian descent](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_people_of_Barbadian_descent \"Brazilian people of Barbadian descent\")\n[Category:Brazilian people of English descent](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_people_of_English_descent \"Brazilian people of English descent\")\n[Category:English male film actors](/wiki/Category:English_male_film_actors \"English male film actors\")\n[Category:English male television actors](/wiki/Category:English_male_television_actors \"English male television actors\")\n[Category:English people of Barbadian descent](/wiki/Category:English_people_of_Barbadian_descent \"English people of Barbadian descent\")\n[Category:English people of Brazilian descent](/wiki/Category:English_people_of_Brazilian_descent \"English people of Brazilian descent\")\n[Category:Male actors from London](/wiki/Category:Male_actors_from_London \"Male actors from London\")\n[Category:People from Westminster](/wiki/Category:People_from_Westminster \"People from Westminster\")\n[Category:Actors from the City of Westminster](/wiki/Category:Actors_from_the_City_of_Westminster \"Actors from the City of Westminster\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Umbelliferone
|
{
"id": [
1960443
],
"name": [
"Maxim Masiutin"
]
}
|
28x8vacnpkv2tckl62wn59d1tmurwcw
|
2024-03-03T00:51:34Z
| 1,190,950,106 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Natural occurrences and name",
"Biosynthesis",
"Chemical synthesis",
"Ultraviolet fluorescence",
"Uses",
"Derivatives",
"See also",
"References",
"Further reading",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Umbelliferone**, also known as **7\\-hydroxycoumarin**, **hydrangine**, **skimmetine**, and ***beta*\\-umbelliferone**, is a natural product of the [coumarin](/wiki/Coumarin \"Coumarin\") family.\n\nIt absorbs [ultraviolet](/wiki/Ultraviolet \"Ultraviolet\") light strongly at several wavelengths. There are some indications that this chemical is [antimutagenic](/wiki/Antimutagenic \"Antimutagenic\"), it is used in [sunscreens](/wiki/Sunscreen \"Sunscreen\"). Umbelliferone has been reported to have antioxidant properties.\n\nIt is a yellowish\\-white crystalline solid that has a slight solubility in hot water, but high solubility in [ethanol](/wiki/Ethanol \"Ethanol\").\n\n",
"Natural occurrences and name\n----------------------------\n\nUmbelliferone's name is from the [umbelliferae](/wiki/Umbelliferae \"Umbelliferae\") family of plants, and the plant family in turn was named for their [umbrella](/wiki/Umbrella \"Umbrella\")\\-shaped [inflorescences](/wiki/Inflorescence \"Inflorescence\"), each called an [umbel](/wiki/Umbel \"Umbel\").\n\nUmbelliferone occurs in many familiar plants from the [Apiaceae](/wiki/Apiaceae \"Apiaceae\") (Umbelliferae) family such as [carrot](/wiki/Carrot \"Carrot\"), [coriander](/wiki/Coriander \"Coriander\") and [garden angelica](/wiki/Garden_angelica \"Garden angelica\"), as well as in plants from other families, such as the mouse\\-ear hawkweed (*[Hieracium pilosella](/wiki/Hieracium_pilosella \"Hieracium pilosella\")*, Asteraceae) or the bigleaf hydrangea (*[Hydrangea macrophylla](/wiki/Hydrangea_macrophylla \"Hydrangea macrophylla\")*, Hydrangeaceae, under the name hydrangine).\n\nIt is one of the components of [asafoetida](/wiki/Asafoetida \"Asafoetida\"), the dried latex from the giant fennel (*[Ferula communis](/wiki/Ferula_communis \"Ferula communis\")*).\n\nIt is also found in *[Justicia pectoralis](/wiki/Justicia_pectoralis \"Justicia pectoralis\")* (Acanthaceae).\n\n",
"Biosynthesis\n------------\n\nUmbelliferone is a [phenylpropanoid](/wiki/Phenylpropanoid \"Phenylpropanoid\") and as such is synthesized from [L\\-phenylalanine](/wiki/L-phenylalanine \"L-phenylalanine\"), which in turn is produced via the [shikimate pathway](/wiki/Shikimate_pathway \"Shikimate pathway\"). Phenylalanine is [lyased](/wiki/Phenylalanine_ammonia-lyase \"Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase\") into [cinnamic acid](/wiki/Cinnamic_acid \"Cinnamic acid\"), followed by [hydroxylation](/wiki/Hydroxylation \"Hydroxylation\") by [cinnamate 4\\-hydroxylase](/wiki/Cinnamate_4-hydroxylase \"Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase\") to yield [4\\-coumaric acid](/wiki/4-coumaric_acid \"4-coumaric acid\"). The 4\\-coumaric acid is again hydroxylated by cinnamate/coumarate 2\\-hydroxylase to yield 2,4\\-dihydroxy\\-cinnamic acid ([umbellic acid](/wiki/Umbellic_acid \"Umbellic acid\")) followed by a bond rotation of the unsaturated bond adjacent to the [carboxylic acid](/wiki/Carboxylic_acid \"Carboxylic acid\") group. Finally an intramolecular attack from the hydroxyl group of C2' to the carboxylic acid group closes the ring and forms the [lactone](/wiki/Lactone \"Lactone\") umbelliferone.\n\n[120px\\|L\\-phenylalanine](/wiki/Image:L-Phenylalanin_-_L-Phenylalanine.svg \"L-Phenylalanin - L-Phenylalanine.svg\") \\\\begin{matrix}{}\\\\\\\\\\\\xrightarrow\\\\mathrm{PAL}\\\\\\\\{}\\\\end{matrix} [120px\\|Cinnamic acid](/wiki/Image:Zimts%C3%A4ure_-_Cinnamic_acid.svg \"Zimtsäure - Cinnamic acid.svg\") \\\\begin{matrix}{}\\\\\\\\\\\\xrightarrow\\\\mathrm{C4H}\\\\\\\\{}\\\\end{matrix} [140px\\|para\\-Coumaric acid](/wiki/Image:Coumaric_acid_acsv.svg \"Coumaric acid acsv.svg\") \\\\begin{matrix}{}\\\\\\\\\\\\xrightarrow\\\\mathrm{C2H}\\\\\\\\{}\\\\end{matrix} [140px\\|2,4\\-Dihydroxycinnamic acid](/wiki/Image:Acide_2%2C4-dihydroxycinnamique.svg \"Acide 2,4-dihydroxycinnamique.svg\") \\\\longrightarrow [120px\\|Umbelliferone](/wiki/File:Umbelliferone.svg \"Umbelliferone.svg\")\n\n",
"Chemical synthesis\n------------------\n\nUmbelliferone is traditionally synthesized using the [Pechmann condensation](/wiki/Pechmann_condensation \"Pechmann condensation\"), from [resorcinol](/wiki/Resorcinol \"Resorcinol\") and formylacetic acid (generated from [malic acid](/wiki/Malic_acid \"Malic acid\") *in situ*).\n\n[left\\|500px\\|The Pechmann condensation as applied to umbelliferone](/wiki/File:Pechmann_umbelliferone.png \"Pechmann umbelliferone.png\")\nA newer synthesis uses [methyl propionate](/wiki/Methyl_propionate \"Methyl propionate\") and a [palladium](/wiki/Palladium \"Palladium\") [catalyst](/wiki/Catalyst \"Catalyst\").\n\n",
"Ultraviolet fluorescence\n------------------------\n\nUmbelliferone absorbs strongly at 300, 305 and 325 [nm](/wiki/Nanometre \"Nanometre\"), with log [ε](/wiki/Molar_absorptivity \"Molar absorptivity\") values of 3\\.9, 3\\.95 and 4\\.15 respectively, and it fluoresces blue in both ultraviolet and visible light. The powerful absorption at three different wavelengths, coupled with the fact that the energy is dissipated safely as visible light, make umbelliferone a useful sunscreen agent. The absorption changes in [alkaline](/wiki/Alkali \"Alkali\") solution, since the phenolic [hydroxyl](/wiki/Hydroxyl \"Hydroxyl\") group is [deprotonated](/wiki/Deprotonation \"Deprotonation\") ([pKa](/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant \"Acid dissociation constant\") \\= 7\\.7\\).\n\n",
"Uses\n----\n\nThe ultraviolet activity of umbelliferone led to its use as a [sunscreen](/wiki/Sunscreen \"Sunscreen\") agent, and an [optical brightener](/wiki/Optical_brightener \"Optical brightener\") for [textiles](/wiki/Textiles \"Textiles\"). It has also been used as a [gain medium](/wiki/Gain_medium \"Gain medium\") for [dye lasers](/wiki/Dye_laser \"Dye laser\"). Umbelliferone can be used as a [fluorescence](/wiki/Fluorescence \"Fluorescence\") indicator for metal ions such as [copper](/wiki/Copper \"Copper\") and [calcium](/wiki/Calcium \"Calcium\"). It acts as a pH indicator in the range 6\\.5\\-8\\.9\\.\n\nUmbelliferone is a potent inhibitor of type 3 [17β\\-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase](/wiki/17%CE%B2-hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase \"17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase\"), the primary enzyme responsible for the conversion of 4\\-androstene\\-3,17\\-dione to testosterone, with IC50 of 1\\.4 μM.\n\n",
"Derivatives\n-----------\n\nUmbelliferone is the parent compound for a large number of natural products. [Herniarin](/wiki/Herniarin \"Herniarin\") (7\\-*O*\\-methylumbelliferone or 7\\-methoxycoumarin) occurs in the leaves of water hemp (*[Eupatorium ayapana](/wiki/Eupatorium_ayapana \"Eupatorium ayapana\")*) and rupturewort (*[Herniaria](/wiki/Herniaria \"Herniaria\")*). *O*\\-Glycosylated derivatives such as [skimmin](/wiki/Skimmin \"Skimmin\") (7\\-*O*\\-β\\-D\\-glucopyranosylumbelliferone) occur naturally and are used for the [fluorimetric](/wiki/Fluorimetry \"Fluorimetry\") determination of [glycoside hydrolase](/wiki/Glycoside_hydrolase \"Glycoside hydrolase\") [enzymes](/wiki/Enzyme \"Enzyme\"). [Isoprenylated](/wiki/Isoprene \"Isoprene\") derivatives are also widespread, such as [marmin](/wiki/Marmin \"Marmin\") (found in [grapefruit](/wiki/Grapefruit \"Grapefruit\") skin and in the bark of the [Bael](/wiki/Aegle_marmelos \"Aegle marmelos\") tree) and [furocoumarins](/wiki/Furocoumarins \"Furocoumarins\") such as [marmesin](/wiki/Marmesin \"Marmesin\"), [angelicin](/wiki/Angelicin \"Angelicin\"), and [psoralen](/wiki/Psoralen \"Psoralen\").\n[thumb\\|left\\|400px\\|Herniarin and marmin, umbelliferone derivatives](/wiki/File:Umbelliferone_derivatives.png \"Umbelliferone derivatives.png\")\n\n[Umbelliferone 7\\-apiosylglucoside](/wiki/Umbelliferone_7-apiosylglucoside \"Umbelliferone 7-apiosylglucoside\") can be isolated from the root of *[Gmelina arborea](/wiki/Gmelina_arborea \"Gmelina arborea\")*.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Aesculetin](/wiki/Aesculetin \"Aesculetin\")\n* [Laser dyes](/wiki/Laser_dye \"Laser dye\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [USDA ARS info on uses](https://web.archive.org/web/20041107233616/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/chemdisp.xsql?chemical=UMBELLIFERONE)\n\n[Category:Coumarins](/wiki/Category:Coumarins \"Coumarins\")\n[Category:Fluorescent dyes](/wiki/Category:Fluorescent_dyes \"Fluorescent dyes\")\n[Category:Laser gain media](/wiki/Category:Laser_gain_media \"Laser gain media\")\n[Category:Sunscreening agents](/wiki/Category:Sunscreening_agents \"Sunscreening agents\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Ælfwald of East Anglia
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"82.36.70.45"
]
}
|
m4fduixklgkh8xqdriyndyi42kbip78
|
2023-05-20T02:46:41Z
| 1,147,240,458 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Pedigree",
"Reign",
"Accession",
"Felix's'' 'Life of Guthlac' ''",
"The king's bishops",
"The development of the port at Gipeswic",
"Coinage",
"Letter to Boniface",
"Death",
"Notes",
"References",
"Sources",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Ælfwald** ([Old English](/wiki/Old_English \"Old English\"): *Alfƿold*, \"elf\\-ruler,\" reigned from 713 to 749\\) was an 8th\\-century king of [East Anglia](/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia \"Kingdom of East Anglia\"), an [Anglo\\-Saxon](/wiki/Anglo-Saxon \"Anglo-Saxon\") kingdom that today includes the English counties of [Norfolk](/wiki/Norfolk \"Norfolk\") and [Suffolk](/wiki/Suffolk \"Suffolk\"). The last king of the [Wuffingas](/wiki/Wuffingas \"Wuffingas\") dynasty, Ælfwald succeeded his father [Ealdwulf](/wiki/Ealdwulf_of_East_Anglia \"Ealdwulf of East Anglia\"), who had ruled for 49 years. Ælfwald himself ruled for 36 years. Their combined reigns, with barely any record of external military action or internal dynastic strife, represent a long period of peaceful stability for the East Angles. In Ælfwald's time, this was probably owing to a number of factors, including the settled nature of East Anglian ecclesiastical affairs and the prosperity brought through [Rhineland](/wiki/Rhineland \"Rhineland\") commerce with the East Anglian port of Gipeswic (modern [Ipswich](/wiki/Ipswich \"Ipswich\")). The coinage of Anglo\\-Saxon [sceattas](/wiki/Sceatta \"Sceatta\") expanded in Ælfwald's time: evidence of East Anglian mints, markets, and industry are suggested where concentrations of such coins have been discovered.\n\nAfter returning from exile, [Æthelbald of Mercia](/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_Mercia \"Æthelbald of Mercia\") succeeded [Coelred](/wiki/Ceolred_of_Mercia \"Ceolred of Mercia\") and afterwards endowed the church at [Crowland](/wiki/Crowland \"Crowland\"). Ælfwald's friendly stance towards Æthelbald helped to maintain peaceful relations with his more powerful neighbour. The *Life of Guthlac*, which includes information about Æthelbald during his period of exile at Crowland, is dedicated to Ælfwald. Later versions of the *Life* reveal the high quality of written Old English produced in East Anglia during Ælfwald's reign. He was a literate and devoutly Christian king: his letter written to [Boniface](/wiki/Saint_Boniface \"Saint Boniface\") in around 747 reveals his diplomatic skills and gives a rare glimpse into the life of a ruler who is otherwise shrouded in obscurity.\n\n",
"Pedigree\n--------\n\nThe East Anglian pedigree in the *[Anglian collection](/wiki/Anglian_collection \"Anglian collection\")* brings the descent down to Ælfwald, indicating that it was compiled during his reign, possibly by around 726\\. Showing Ælfwald as son of Ealdwulf, the pedigree continues back through Ethelric, [Eni](/wiki/Eni_of_East_Anglia \"Eni of East Anglia\"), [Tytla](/wiki/Tytila_of_East_Anglia \"Tytila of East Anglia\"), [Wuffa](/wiki/Wuffa_of_East_Anglia \"Wuffa of East Anglia\"), [Wehha](/wiki/Wehha_of_East_Anglia \"Wehha of East Anglia\"), Wilhelm, Hryp, Hrothmund, Trygil, Tyttman and Caser ([Caesar](/wiki/Caesar_%28title%29 \"Caesar (title)\")) to [Woden](/wiki/Woden \"Woden\").Dumville, *The Anglian Collection*, pp. 23\\-50\\. The *[Historia Brittonum](/wiki/Historia_Brittonum \"Historia Brittonum\")*, which was probably compiled in the early 9th century, also has a version (the *de ortu regum Estanglorum*) in descending order, showing: \"Woden *genuit* ('begat') Casser, who begat Titinon, who begat Trigil, who begat Rodmunt, who begat Rippan, who begat Guillem Guechan. He first ruled in Britain over the race of East Angles. Guecha begat Guffa, who begat Tydil, who begat Ecni, who begat Edric, who begat Aldul, who begat Elric\".Nennius, in Giles (ed.), *Old English Chronicles*, [p. 412](https://archive.org/stream/oldenglishchroni00gileuoft#page/412/mode/2up/search/nennius). It is not certain whether the last name, Elric, is a mistake for Ælfwald or is referring to a different individual.Royal Historical Society, *Guides and Handbooks*, Issue 2, [p. 20\\.](https://books.google.com/books?id=tCtnAAAAMAAJ&q=Elric+)\n\n",
"Reign\n-----\n\n### Accession\n\nAt Ælfwald's accession in 713,Yorke, *Kings*, p, 63\\. Ceolred of [Mercia](/wiki/Mercia \"Mercia\") had dominion over both [Lindsey](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lindsey \"Kingdom of Lindsey\") and [Essex](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex \"Kingdom of Essex\").Fyrde et al, *Handbook of British Chronology*, pp. 1\\-25\\. Ælfwald's sister Ecgburgh was, possibly, the same as abbess [Egburg](/wiki/Egburg \"Egburg\") at [Repton](/wiki/Repton \"Repton\") in [Derbyshire](/wiki/Derbyshire \"Derbyshire\")Fryde et al, *Handbook of British Chronology*, p. 9\\.Brown and Farr, *Mercia*, p. 70\\. and Ælfwald's upbringing was undoubtedly Christian in nature.\n\nThe following family tree shows the descendants of Eni, who was the paternal grandfather of Ælfwald. The kings of East Anglia, Kent and Mercia are coloured green, blue and red respectively:\n\n### Felix's *'Life of Guthlac'*\n\n[thumb\\|125px\\|right\\|[Saint Guthlac](/wiki/Saint_Guthlac \"Saint Guthlac\")](/wiki/File:Guthlac.jpg \"Guthlac.jpg\")\nCeolred of Mercia's appropriation of monastic assets during his reign created disaffection amongst the Mercians.Colgrave, *Life of Guthlac*, p. 5\\. He persecuted a distant cousin, Æthelbald, the grandson of [Penda](/wiki/Penda_of_Mercia \"Penda of Mercia\")'s brother [Eowa](/wiki/Eowa_of_Mercia \"Eowa of Mercia\"). Æthelbald was driven to take refuge deep in [the Fens](/wiki/The_Fens \"The Fens\") at Crowland, where [Guthlac](/wiki/Saint_Guthlac \"Saint Guthlac\"), another descendant of the Mercian royal house, was living as a hermit. When Guthlac died in 714, Ælfwald's sister Ecgburgh provided a stone coffin for his burial.Colgrave, *Life of Guthlac*, p. 147\\. Ceolred died in 716, blaspheming and insane, according to his chroniclers.Colgrave, *Life of Guthlac*, p. 6\\. Penda's line became extinct (or disempowered) and Æthelbald emerged as king of Mercia.\n\nÆthelbald lived until 757 and carried Mercian power to a new height.Colgrave, *Life of Guthlac*, p. 7\\.Hunter Blair, Roman Britain, p. 168\\. His debt to Crowland was not forgotten: soon after his accession he richly endowed a new church on the site where Guthlac had lived as a hermit.Plunkett, *Suffolk*, p. 144\\. The first *Life of Guthlac*, written by the monk Felix, appeared soon after Guthlac's death. Nothing is known about Felix, although [Bertram Colgrave](/wiki/Bertram_Colgrave \"Bertram Colgrave\") has observed that he was a good scholar who evidently had access to works by Bede and [Aldhelm](/wiki/Saint_Aldhelm \"Saint Aldhelm\"), to a *Life* of [Saint Fursey](/wiki/Saint_Fursey \"Saint Fursey\") and Latin works by [Saint Jerome](/wiki/Saint_Jerome \"Saint Jerome\"), [Saint Athanasius](/wiki/Saint_Athanasius \"Saint Athanasius\") and [Gregory the Great](/wiki/Gregory_the_Great \"Gregory the Great\"). Felix was either an East Anglian or was living in the kingdom when he wrote the book, which was written at the request of Ælfwald.Colgrave, *Life of Saint Guthlac*, pp. 15\\-16\\. In the *Life*, Felix portrays Æthelbald's exile at Crowland and asserts Ælfwald's right to rule in East Anglia.Colgrave, *Felix's Life of Saint Guthlac*, p. 61\\. Two Old English [verse versions](/wiki/Guthlac_poems_A_and_B \"Guthlac poems A and B\") of the *Life* drawn on the work of Felix were written, which show the vigour of vernacular heroic and elegiac [modes](/wiki/Mode_%28literature%29 \"Mode (literature)\") in Ælfwald's kingdom.\n\nSam Newton has proposed that the Old English heroic poem *[Beowulf](/wiki/Beowulf \"Beowulf\")* has its origins in Ælfwald's East Anglia.Newton, *The Origins of Beowulf*, p. 133\\.\n\n### The king's bishops\n\n[300px\\|thumb\\|The kingdom of East Anglia during the reign of Ælfwald](/wiki/File:Williamson_p16_3.svg \"Williamson p16 3.svg\")\n[Æcci](/wiki/Acca_of_Dunwich \"Acca of Dunwich\") held the East Anglian see of Dommoc, following its division in about 673, and during Ealdwulf's reign [Æscwulf](/wiki/Ascwulf \"Ascwulf\") succeeded Æcci.Fyrde et al, *Handbook of British Chronology*, p. 216\\. At the [Council of Clofeshoh](/wiki/Council_of_Clofeshoh \"Council of Clofeshoh\") in 716, [Heardred](/wiki/Heardred_of_Dunwich \"Heardred of Dunwich\") attended as Bishop of Dommoc, while [Nothberht](/wiki/Northbertus \"Northbertus\") was present as [Bishop of Elmham](/wiki/Bishop_of_Elmham \"Bishop of Elmham\"), having succeeded [Baduwine](/wiki/Bedwinus \"Bedwinus\").Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, p. 144\\.\n\nDuring the 720s, [Cuthwine](/wiki/Cuthwine_of_Dunwich \"Cuthwine of Dunwich\") became bishop of Dommoc. Cuthwine was known to Bede and is known to have travelled to [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\"), returning with a number of [illuminated manuscripts](/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript \"Illuminated manuscript\"), including *Life and Labours of Saint Paul*: his library also included [Prosper Tiro](/wiki/Prosper_Tiro \"Prosper Tiro\")'s *Epigrammata* and [Sedulius](/wiki/Coelius_Sedulius \"Coelius Sedulius\")' *Carmen Pachale*.Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, p. 146\\. According to Bede, [Ealdbeorht I](/wiki/Ealdbeorht_I \"Ealdbeorht I\") was Bishop of Dommoc and [Headulacus](/wiki/Headulacus \"Headulacus\") Bishop of Elmham in 731, but by 746 or 747, Heardred (II) had replaced Aldberct.Fryde et al, *Handbook of British Chronology*, p. 216\\.\n\n### The development of the port at Gipeswic\n\nIpswich was the first East Anglian town to be created by the Anglo\\-Saxons, predating other new towns such as [Norwich](/wiki/Norwich \"Norwich\") by a century.Wade, *Ipswich*, p. 1, Excavation work at Ipswich has revealed that the town expanded out to become in size during Ælfwald's reign,Wade, *Ipswich*, p. 2\\. when it was known as Gipeswic.Allen, *Ipswich Borough Archives*, p. xvii. It is generally considered that Gipeswic, as the trade capital of Ælfwald's kingdom, developed under the king's patronage.Yorke, *Kings*, pp. 65\\-66\n\nA rectangular grid of streets linked the earlier [quayside](/wiki/Quayside \"Quayside\") town northwards to an ancient trackway that ran eastwards.Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, p. 149\\. The [quay at Gipeswic](/wiki/Ipswich_dock%23Early_period \"Ipswich dock#Early period\") also continued to develop in a form that was similar to the quayside at [Dorestad](/wiki/Dorestad \"Dorestad\"), south of the continental town of [Utrecht](/wiki/Utrecht_%28city%29 \"Utrecht (city)\"), which was perhaps its principal trading partner.Russo, *Town Origins and Development in Early England, c.400\\-950 A.D.*, p. 172\\. Gipeswic's street grid, parts of which have survived, was subdivided into rectangular plots or *insulae* and new houses were built directly adjacent to metalled roads.Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, pp. 149\\-150\\. The town's pottery industry, producing what has been known since the 1950s as 'Ipswich ware', gained its full importance at around this time.\n\nThe former church dedication to [Saint Mildred](/wiki/Saint_Mildred \"Saint Mildred\") is one that can be dated to the 740s, when Mildred's relics were translated at [Minster\\-in\\-Thanet](/wiki/Minster-in-Thanet \"Minster-in-Thanet\") by her successor abbess [Eadburh](/wiki/Eadburh \"Eadburh\").Wade, *Ipswich*, p. 3\\.\n\n### Coinage\n\nThe coins of Ælfwald's reign are amongst the earliest that were minted in East Anglia.Yorke, *Kings*, p. 66\\. The coinage of silver pennies known as [sceattas](/wiki/Sceatta \"Sceatta\") expanded in his time and several types are attributed to East Anglian production. Most of them fall into two main groups, known as the 'Q' and 'R' series. Neither group bears a royal name or title and the authority by which they were issued cannot not established.Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, p. 148\\. The 'Q' series, which has some [Northumbrian](/wiki/Northumbrian_Old_English \"Northumbrian Old English\") affinities, is most densely distributed in western East Anglia, along the Fen edge between [the Wash](/wiki/The_Wash \"The Wash\") and [Cambridge](/wiki/Cambridge \"Cambridge\").Newman, in *Two Decades of Discovery*, p. 18\\. The R series, with bust and standard, derived from earlier Kentish types, is more densely distributed in central and eastern East Anglia, including the Ipswich area. According to Michael Metcalf, the 'R' series was also East Anglian, being minted at Gipeswic.Metcalf, *Two Decades of Discovery*, p. 10\\.\n\n### Letter to Boniface\n\nA letter from Ælfwald to Boniface, the leader of the English continental mission, has survived. It was written at some time between 742 and 749 and is one of the few surviving documents from the period that relate the ecclesiastical history of East Anglia.Hoggett, *The Archaeology of the East Anglian Conversion*, p. 34\\.\n\nThe letter, which is a response to Boniface who had requested his support, reveals Ælfwald's sound understanding of [Latin](/wiki/Latin \"Latin\"). Ælfwald's letter reassures Boniface that his name was being remembered by the East Angles: it contains an offer to exchange the names of their dead, so that mutual prayers could be read for them. According to Richard Hoggett, a phrase in the letter, *\"\"*, has been interpreted incorrectly by historians to imply that there were at the time seven monasteries in Ælfwald's kingdom in which prayers were being read, a theory which has proved difficult for scholars to explain. Hoggett argues that the words in the phrase refer to the number of times that the monks offered praise during the monastic day and not to the number of monasteries then in existence. He points out that this interpretation was published by Haddan and Stubbs as long ago as 1869\\.Hoggett, *East Anglian Conversion*, pp. 34\\-35\\.Haddan, Stubbs, *Ecclesiastical Documents*, pp. 152\\-153\\.\n\n",
"### Accession\n\nAt Ælfwald's accession in 713,Yorke, *Kings*, p, 63\\. Ceolred of [Mercia](/wiki/Mercia \"Mercia\") had dominion over both [Lindsey](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lindsey \"Kingdom of Lindsey\") and [Essex](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Essex \"Kingdom of Essex\").Fyrde et al, *Handbook of British Chronology*, pp. 1\\-25\\. Ælfwald's sister Ecgburgh was, possibly, the same as abbess [Egburg](/wiki/Egburg \"Egburg\") at [Repton](/wiki/Repton \"Repton\") in [Derbyshire](/wiki/Derbyshire \"Derbyshire\")Fryde et al, *Handbook of British Chronology*, p. 9\\.Brown and Farr, *Mercia*, p. 70\\. and Ælfwald's upbringing was undoubtedly Christian in nature.\n\nThe following family tree shows the descendants of Eni, who was the paternal grandfather of Ælfwald. The kings of East Anglia, Kent and Mercia are coloured green, blue and red respectively:\n\n",
"### Felix's *'Life of Guthlac'*\n\n[thumb\\|125px\\|right\\|[Saint Guthlac](/wiki/Saint_Guthlac \"Saint Guthlac\")](/wiki/File:Guthlac.jpg \"Guthlac.jpg\")\nCeolred of Mercia's appropriation of monastic assets during his reign created disaffection amongst the Mercians.Colgrave, *Life of Guthlac*, p. 5\\. He persecuted a distant cousin, Æthelbald, the grandson of [Penda](/wiki/Penda_of_Mercia \"Penda of Mercia\")'s brother [Eowa](/wiki/Eowa_of_Mercia \"Eowa of Mercia\"). Æthelbald was driven to take refuge deep in [the Fens](/wiki/The_Fens \"The Fens\") at Crowland, where [Guthlac](/wiki/Saint_Guthlac \"Saint Guthlac\"), another descendant of the Mercian royal house, was living as a hermit. When Guthlac died in 714, Ælfwald's sister Ecgburgh provided a stone coffin for his burial.Colgrave, *Life of Guthlac*, p. 147\\. Ceolred died in 716, blaspheming and insane, according to his chroniclers.Colgrave, *Life of Guthlac*, p. 6\\. Penda's line became extinct (or disempowered) and Æthelbald emerged as king of Mercia.\n\nÆthelbald lived until 757 and carried Mercian power to a new height.Colgrave, *Life of Guthlac*, p. 7\\.Hunter Blair, Roman Britain, p. 168\\. His debt to Crowland was not forgotten: soon after his accession he richly endowed a new church on the site where Guthlac had lived as a hermit.Plunkett, *Suffolk*, p. 144\\. The first *Life of Guthlac*, written by the monk Felix, appeared soon after Guthlac's death. Nothing is known about Felix, although [Bertram Colgrave](/wiki/Bertram_Colgrave \"Bertram Colgrave\") has observed that he was a good scholar who evidently had access to works by Bede and [Aldhelm](/wiki/Saint_Aldhelm \"Saint Aldhelm\"), to a *Life* of [Saint Fursey](/wiki/Saint_Fursey \"Saint Fursey\") and Latin works by [Saint Jerome](/wiki/Saint_Jerome \"Saint Jerome\"), [Saint Athanasius](/wiki/Saint_Athanasius \"Saint Athanasius\") and [Gregory the Great](/wiki/Gregory_the_Great \"Gregory the Great\"). Felix was either an East Anglian or was living in the kingdom when he wrote the book, which was written at the request of Ælfwald.Colgrave, *Life of Saint Guthlac*, pp. 15\\-16\\. In the *Life*, Felix portrays Æthelbald's exile at Crowland and asserts Ælfwald's right to rule in East Anglia.Colgrave, *Felix's Life of Saint Guthlac*, p. 61\\. Two Old English [verse versions](/wiki/Guthlac_poems_A_and_B \"Guthlac poems A and B\") of the *Life* drawn on the work of Felix were written, which show the vigour of vernacular heroic and elegiac [modes](/wiki/Mode_%28literature%29 \"Mode (literature)\") in Ælfwald's kingdom.\n\nSam Newton has proposed that the Old English heroic poem *[Beowulf](/wiki/Beowulf \"Beowulf\")* has its origins in Ælfwald's East Anglia.Newton, *The Origins of Beowulf*, p. 133\\.\n\n",
"### The king's bishops\n\n[300px\\|thumb\\|The kingdom of East Anglia during the reign of Ælfwald](/wiki/File:Williamson_p16_3.svg \"Williamson p16 3.svg\")\n[Æcci](/wiki/Acca_of_Dunwich \"Acca of Dunwich\") held the East Anglian see of Dommoc, following its division in about 673, and during Ealdwulf's reign [Æscwulf](/wiki/Ascwulf \"Ascwulf\") succeeded Æcci.Fyrde et al, *Handbook of British Chronology*, p. 216\\. At the [Council of Clofeshoh](/wiki/Council_of_Clofeshoh \"Council of Clofeshoh\") in 716, [Heardred](/wiki/Heardred_of_Dunwich \"Heardred of Dunwich\") attended as Bishop of Dommoc, while [Nothberht](/wiki/Northbertus \"Northbertus\") was present as [Bishop of Elmham](/wiki/Bishop_of_Elmham \"Bishop of Elmham\"), having succeeded [Baduwine](/wiki/Bedwinus \"Bedwinus\").Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, p. 144\\.\n\nDuring the 720s, [Cuthwine](/wiki/Cuthwine_of_Dunwich \"Cuthwine of Dunwich\") became bishop of Dommoc. Cuthwine was known to Bede and is known to have travelled to [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\"), returning with a number of [illuminated manuscripts](/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript \"Illuminated manuscript\"), including *Life and Labours of Saint Paul*: his library also included [Prosper Tiro](/wiki/Prosper_Tiro \"Prosper Tiro\")'s *Epigrammata* and [Sedulius](/wiki/Coelius_Sedulius \"Coelius Sedulius\")' *Carmen Pachale*.Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, p. 146\\. According to Bede, [Ealdbeorht I](/wiki/Ealdbeorht_I \"Ealdbeorht I\") was Bishop of Dommoc and [Headulacus](/wiki/Headulacus \"Headulacus\") Bishop of Elmham in 731, but by 746 or 747, Heardred (II) had replaced Aldberct.Fryde et al, *Handbook of British Chronology*, p. 216\\.\n\n",
"### The development of the port at Gipeswic\n\nIpswich was the first East Anglian town to be created by the Anglo\\-Saxons, predating other new towns such as [Norwich](/wiki/Norwich \"Norwich\") by a century.Wade, *Ipswich*, p. 1, Excavation work at Ipswich has revealed that the town expanded out to become in size during Ælfwald's reign,Wade, *Ipswich*, p. 2\\. when it was known as Gipeswic.Allen, *Ipswich Borough Archives*, p. xvii. It is generally considered that Gipeswic, as the trade capital of Ælfwald's kingdom, developed under the king's patronage.Yorke, *Kings*, pp. 65\\-66\n\nA rectangular grid of streets linked the earlier [quayside](/wiki/Quayside \"Quayside\") town northwards to an ancient trackway that ran eastwards.Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, p. 149\\. The [quay at Gipeswic](/wiki/Ipswich_dock%23Early_period \"Ipswich dock#Early period\") also continued to develop in a form that was similar to the quayside at [Dorestad](/wiki/Dorestad \"Dorestad\"), south of the continental town of [Utrecht](/wiki/Utrecht_%28city%29 \"Utrecht (city)\"), which was perhaps its principal trading partner.Russo, *Town Origins and Development in Early England, c.400\\-950 A.D.*, p. 172\\. Gipeswic's street grid, parts of which have survived, was subdivided into rectangular plots or *insulae* and new houses were built directly adjacent to metalled roads.Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, pp. 149\\-150\\. The town's pottery industry, producing what has been known since the 1950s as 'Ipswich ware', gained its full importance at around this time.\n\nThe former church dedication to [Saint Mildred](/wiki/Saint_Mildred \"Saint Mildred\") is one that can be dated to the 740s, when Mildred's relics were translated at [Minster\\-in\\-Thanet](/wiki/Minster-in-Thanet \"Minster-in-Thanet\") by her successor abbess [Eadburh](/wiki/Eadburh \"Eadburh\").Wade, *Ipswich*, p. 3\\.\n\n",
"### Coinage\n\nThe coins of Ælfwald's reign are amongst the earliest that were minted in East Anglia.Yorke, *Kings*, p. 66\\. The coinage of silver pennies known as [sceattas](/wiki/Sceatta \"Sceatta\") expanded in his time and several types are attributed to East Anglian production. Most of them fall into two main groups, known as the 'Q' and 'R' series. Neither group bears a royal name or title and the authority by which they were issued cannot not established.Plunkett, *Suffolk in Anglo\\-Saxon Times*, p. 148\\. The 'Q' series, which has some [Northumbrian](/wiki/Northumbrian_Old_English \"Northumbrian Old English\") affinities, is most densely distributed in western East Anglia, along the Fen edge between [the Wash](/wiki/The_Wash \"The Wash\") and [Cambridge](/wiki/Cambridge \"Cambridge\").Newman, in *Two Decades of Discovery*, p. 18\\. The R series, with bust and standard, derived from earlier Kentish types, is more densely distributed in central and eastern East Anglia, including the Ipswich area. According to Michael Metcalf, the 'R' series was also East Anglian, being minted at Gipeswic.Metcalf, *Two Decades of Discovery*, p. 10\\.\n\n",
"### Letter to Boniface\n\nA letter from Ælfwald to Boniface, the leader of the English continental mission, has survived. It was written at some time between 742 and 749 and is one of the few surviving documents from the period that relate the ecclesiastical history of East Anglia.Hoggett, *The Archaeology of the East Anglian Conversion*, p. 34\\.\n\nThe letter, which is a response to Boniface who had requested his support, reveals Ælfwald's sound understanding of [Latin](/wiki/Latin \"Latin\"). Ælfwald's letter reassures Boniface that his name was being remembered by the East Angles: it contains an offer to exchange the names of their dead, so that mutual prayers could be read for them. According to Richard Hoggett, a phrase in the letter, *\"\"*, has been interpreted incorrectly by historians to imply that there were at the time seven monasteries in Ælfwald's kingdom in which prayers were being read, a theory which has proved difficult for scholars to explain. Hoggett argues that the words in the phrase refer to the number of times that the monks offered praise during the monastic day and not to the number of monasteries then in existence. He points out that this interpretation was published by Haddan and Stubbs as long ago as 1869\\.Hoggett, *East Anglian Conversion*, pp. 34\\-35\\.Haddan, Stubbs, *Ecclesiastical Documents*, pp. 152\\-153\\.\n\n",
"Death\n-----\n\nÆlfwald died in 749\\. It is not known whether he left an immediate heir. After his death, according to mediaeval sources, East Anglia was divided among three kings,Plunkett, *Suffolk*, p. 155\\. under circumstances that are not clear.Kirby, *The Earliest English Kings*, p. 115\\.\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* A translation into both modern and Old English of Felix's *Vita Sancti Guthlaci* *('Life of St Guthlac')* by Charles Goodwin (1848\\), from the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/details/anglosaxonversi02goodgoog).\n\n[Category:East Anglian monarchs](/wiki/Category:East_Anglian_monarchs \"East Anglian monarchs\")\n[Category:8th\\-century English monarchs](/wiki/Category:8th-century_English_monarchs \"8th-century English monarchs\")\n[Category:House of Wuffingas](/wiki/Category:House_of_Wuffingas \"House of Wuffingas\")\n[Category:749 deaths](/wiki/Category:749_deaths \"749 deaths\")\n[Category:Year of birth unknown](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown \"Year of birth unknown\")\n\n[de:Aelfwald](/wiki/de:Aelfwald \"Aelfwald\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Shekhawat
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2402:E280:2320:15B:385E:7D92:6786:A8E8"
]
}
|
1n63pv7zw8hc8fdp0cbjr8grcb2c90a
|
2024-08-31T00:25:50Z
| 1,241,791,567 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Notable people",
"Branches",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Maharao Shekha statue in [Sikar](/wiki/Sikar \"Sikar\"), the ancestor of the Shekhawats](/wiki/File:Maharao_shekha_statue.jpg \"Maharao shekha statue.jpg\")\n\n**Shekhawat** is a [clan](/wiki/Clan \"Clan\") of Rajputs found mainly in [Shekhawati](/wiki/Shekhawati \"Shekhawati\") region of [Rajasthan](/wiki/Rajasthan \"Rajasthan\"). Shekhawats are descendants of [Maharao Shekha](/wiki/Shekha_of_Amarsar \"Shekha of Amarsar\") of [Amarsar](/wiki/Amarsar \"Amarsar\"). The Shekhawat Rajputs trace their lineage to Shekha Rao, a prominent Rajput chieftain from the 15th century. Shekha Rao was a descendant of Rao Kalyan Singh, who belonged to the Kachwaha Rajput clan. Rao Shekha established his own principality in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan, which includes parts of present\\-day Jhunjhunu, Sikar, and Churu districts. His leadership helped consolidate Rajput power in this region. Over time, the Shekhawat Rajputs expanded their territories and established several forts and palaces. The Shekhawat Rajputs established their dominance in the Shekhawati region in the 15th century, specifically starting around the time of Shekha Rao's rise to prominence in the early 1400s. They played a significant role in regional politics and were known for their martial prowess and resistance against Mughal expansion. Their rule continued until the mid\\-20th century when the princely states were integrated into the Indian Union. Thus, the Shekhawat Rajputs governed the Shekhawati region for approximately 500 years, from the early 15th century until the 1940s and 1950s, when princely states were absorbed into independent India. Shekhawat is a very common surname in the Indian defence forces. \n\n",
"Notable people\n--------------\n\n* [Pratap Singh Khachariyawas](/wiki/Pratap_Singh_Khachariyawas \"Pratap Singh Khachariyawas\"), the former Cabinet Minister of Food \\& Civil Supplies Consumer affairs, Government of Rajasthan.\n* [Ajit Singh of Khetri](/wiki/Ajit_Singh_of_Khetri \"Ajit Singh of Khetri\"), of the Shekhawat clan helped the Swami Vivekanand by giving financial help\n* [Rao Shekha](/wiki/Rao_Shekha \"Rao Shekha\"), the founder of Shekhawat clan. Shekhawati region is named after him.\n* [Thakur Bhojraj](/wiki/Thakur_Bhojraj \"Thakur Bhojraj\"), ruler of udaipurwati.\n* [Thakur Shardul Singh](/wiki/Thakur_Shardul_Singh \"Thakur Shardul Singh\"), ruler of jhunjhunu.\n* [Thakur Nawal Singh](/wiki/Thakur_Nawal_Singh \"Thakur Nawal Singh\"), ruler of Nawalgarh\n* [Bhairon Singh Shekhawat](/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat \"Bhairon Singh Shekhawat\") former Chief minister of Rajasthan and former Vice president of India.\n* [Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat](/wiki/Devisingh_Ransingh_Shekhawat \"Devisingh Ransingh Shekhawat\"), former first gentleman of India. He was the husband of former President of India Smt. Pratibha Patil.\n* [Gajendra Singh Shekhawat](/wiki/Gajendra_Singh_Shekhawat \"Gajendra Singh Shekhawat\"), the present Union Cabinet Minister in Ministry of Jal Shakti.\n* Brigadier [Saurabh Singh Shekhawat](/wiki/Saurabh_Singh_Shekhawat \"Saurabh Singh Shekhawat\").\n* Admiral [Vijai Singh Shekhawat](/wiki/Vijai_Singh_Shekhawat \"Vijai Singh Shekhawat\"), former Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy. \n* [Piru Singh](/wiki/Piru_Singh \"Piru Singh\") was awarded the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India's highest military decoration 3245\\.\n* Major Thakur [Dalpat Singh Shekhawat](/wiki/Dalpat_Singh_Shekhawat \"Dalpat Singh Shekhawat\"), Commander of Jodhpur Lancers of the British Indian Army, also known as the \"Hero of Haifa\" for his actions in the Battle of Haifa during the first World War. \n* Honorary Captain [Sriram Singh](/wiki/Sriram_Singh \"Sriram Singh\") Shekhawat is a former Indian middle\\-distance runner.\n[Mens Metres Round One at Sports Reference](https://web.archive.org/web/20200417115319/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1976/ATH/mens-800-metres-round-one.html)\n[Mens Metres Semi Finals at Sports Reference](https://web.archive.org/web/20200417115319/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1976/ATH/mens-800-metres-semi-finals.html)\n",
"Branches\n--------\n\nBhojraj Ji Ka, Girdhar Ji Ka, Jagmal Ji Ka, Achaldas Ji Ka, Rao Ji Ka, Ladkhani, Bhairo ji Ka, Taknet, Ratnawat, Khejroliya, Milakpuriya, Tejsi Ka, Jagmalji Ka, Sahasmalji Ka, Lunkaranji Ka, Ugarsenji Ka, Sanwanldasji Ka, Gopalji Ka, Chandapota, Parsuramji Ka, Tajkhani, Hariramji Ka etc.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Rajput clans of Rajasthan](/wiki/Category:Rajput_clans_of_Rajasthan \"Rajput clans of Rajasthan\")\n[Category:Shekhawati](/wiki/Category:Shekhawati \"Shekhawati\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Mark Jones (basketball, born 1975)
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
5lrr1ms7uwtwkrd14ara9a50geneuji
|
2024-09-21T07:19:31Z
| 1,234,730,734 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + - * + - * + \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t**Mark Jones** (born May 25, 1975 in [Milwaukee, Wisconsin](/wiki/Milwaukee%2C_Wisconsin \"Milwaukee, Wisconsin\")) is a former professional [basketball](/wiki/Basketball \"Basketball\") player who played in the [National Basketball Association](/wiki/National_Basketball_Association \"National Basketball Association\") (NBA). He was undrafted after a career at the [University of Central Florida](/wiki/University_of_Central_Florida \"University of Central Florida\"), and at the age of 30 entered the NBA with the [Orlando Magic](/wiki/Orlando_Magic \"Orlando Magic\"), during the [2004\\-05 NBA season](/wiki/2004-05_NBA_season \"2004-05 NBA season\"), averaging 2\\.3 points per game in ten total games.\n\nIn addition to his time in the NBA, Jones played professionally in the [Continental Basketball Association](/wiki/Continental_Basketball_Association \"Continental Basketball Association\") (CBA) and [NBA Development League](/wiki/NBA_Development_League \"NBA Development League\") in the United States as well as in leagues in Switzerland, France and Venezuela. He was selected to the All\\-CBA Second Team in 2005\\.\n\nHis nephew, [Trey McKinney\\-Jones](/wiki/Trey_McKinney-Jones \"Trey McKinney-Jones\"), is a professional basketball player.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Career statistics](https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jonesma03.html)\n\n[Category:1975 births](/wiki/Category:1975_births \"1975 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:American expatriate basketball people in France](/wiki/Category:American_expatriate_basketball_people_in_France \"American expatriate basketball people in France\")\n[Category:American expatriate basketball people in Switzerland](/wiki/Category:American_expatriate_basketball_people_in_Switzerland \"American expatriate basketball people in Switzerland\")\n[Category:American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela](/wiki/Category:American_expatriate_basketball_people_in_Venezuela \"American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela\")\n[Category:American men's basketball players](/wiki/Category:American_men%27s_basketball_players \"American men's basketball players\")\n[Category:Anderson Trojans men's basketball players](/wiki/Category:Anderson_Trojans_men%27s_basketball_players \"Anderson Trojans men's basketball players\")\n[Category:Basketball players from Milwaukee](/wiki/Category:Basketball_players_from_Milwaukee \"Basketball players from Milwaukee\")\n[Category:Colorado 14ers players](/wiki/Category:Colorado_14ers_players \"Colorado 14ers players\")\n[Category:Cocodrilos de Caracas players](/wiki/Category:Cocodrilos_de_Caracas_players \"Cocodrilos de Caracas players\")\n[Category:Élan Chalon players](/wiki/Category:%C3%89lan_Chalon_players \"Élan Chalon players\")\n[Category:Fort Wayne Fury players](/wiki/Category:Fort_Wayne_Fury_players \"Fort Wayne Fury players\")\n[Category:Great Lakes Storm players](/wiki/Category:Great_Lakes_Storm_players \"Great Lakes Storm players\")\n[Category:JL Bourg Basket players](/wiki/Category:JL_Bourg_Basket_players \"JL Bourg Basket players\")\n[Category:Junior college men's basketball players in the United States](/wiki/Category:Junior_college_men%27s_basketball_players_in_the_United_States \"Junior college men's basketball players in the United States\")\n[Category:Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball players](/wiki/Category:Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_men%27s_basketball_players \"Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball players\")\n[Category:Orlando Magic players](/wiki/Category:Orlando_Magic_players \"Orlando Magic players\")\n[Category:Shooting guards](/wiki/Category:Shooting_guards \"Shooting guards\")\n[Category:UCF Knights men's basketball players](/wiki/Category:UCF_Knights_men%27s_basketball_players \"UCF Knights men's basketball players\")\n[Category:Undrafted NBA players](/wiki/Category:Undrafted_NBA_players \"Undrafted NBA players\")\n[Category:American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines](/wiki/Category:American_expatriate_basketball_people_in_the_Philippines \"American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines\")\n[Category:Barangay Ginebra San Miguel players](/wiki/Category:Barangay_Ginebra_San_Miguel_players \"Barangay Ginebra San Miguel players\")\n[Category:Philippine Basketball Association imports](/wiki/Category:Philippine_Basketball_Association_imports \"Philippine Basketball Association imports\")\n[Category:21st\\-century African\\-American sportspeople](/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_sportspeople \"21st-century African-American sportspeople\")\n[Category:20th\\-century African\\-American sportspeople](/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_sportspeople \"20th-century African-American sportspeople\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Voivode (disambiguation)
|
{
"id": [
27802706
],
"name": [
"Galo de Barcelos"
]
}
|
1ygkuavj3oq1r9itne8pyd2jidi8rhl
|
2021-07-25T21:13:43Z
| 1,010,621,513 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"People with the surname"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**[Voivode](/wiki/Voivode \"Voivode\")** is a Slavic term for a military commander or a governor of a [voivodeship](/wiki/Voivodeship \"Voivodeship\").\n\n**Voivode**, or variants, may also refer to:\n* [*The Voyevoda* (opera)](/wiki/The_Voyevoda_%28opera%29 \"The Voyevoda (opera)\"), an opera by Pyotr Tchaikovsky\n* [Voivod (band)](/wiki/Voivod_%28band%29 \"Voivod (band)\"), a Canadian metal band\n* [*Voivod* (album)](/wiki/Voivod_%28album%29 \"Voivod (album)\"), an album by Voivod\n* R\\-36M2 \"Voyevoda\", a modification of the Russian missile [R\\-36](/wiki/R-36_%28missile%29 \"R-36 (missile)\")\n* [*The Voyevoda* (symphonic ballad)](/wiki/The_Voyevoda_%28symphonic_ballad%29 \"The Voyevoda (symphonic ballad)\"), a composition by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky\n* [*Wojewoda* (film)](/wiki/Wojewoda_%28film%29 \"Wojewoda (film)\"), a 1912 Polish silent film\n* [Voivoda, Greece (disambiguation)](/wiki/Voivoda%2C_Greece_%28disambiguation%29 \"Voivoda, Greece (disambiguation)\"), several Greek places\n\n",
"People with the surname\n-----------------------\n\n* [Alexey Voyevoda](/wiki/Alexey_Voyevoda \"Alexey Voyevoda\") (born 1980\\), Russian bobsledder and armwrestler\n* [Dávid Vojvoda](/wiki/D%C3%A1vid_Vojvoda \"Dávid Vojvoda\") (born 1990\\), Hungarian basketball player\n* [Juan Pablo Vojvoda](/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Vojvoda \"Juan Pablo Vojvoda\") (born 1975\\), Argentine football manager\n* [Malesija Vojvoda](/wiki/Malesija_Vojvoda \"Malesija Vojvoda\") (born 1970\\), Montenegrin football player and manager\n* [Mërgim Vojvoda](/wiki/M%C3%ABrgim_Vojvoda \"Mërgim Vojvoda\") (born 1995\\), Kosovo Albanian footballer\n* [Michael Phillip Wojewoda](/wiki/Michael_Phillip_Wojewoda \"Michael Phillip Wojewoda\"), Canadian record producer and musician\n\n"
]
}
|
1967 war
|
{
"id": [
206485
],
"name": [
"Jweiss11"
]
}
|
fcdk8k4gvkgwkmu02ljx29u46s7794y
|
2024-10-18T04:03:35Z
| 703,560,451 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"1967 war"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**1967 war** may refer to:\n\n* [Cambodian Civil War](/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War \"Cambodian Civil War\") (1967–1975\\), a conflict between the communists (Khmer Rouge) and the government forces of Cambodia\n* [Nigerian Civil War](/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War \"Nigerian Civil War\") (1967–1970\\), a civil war in Nigeria caused by the attempted secession of Biafra\n* [Six\\-Day War](/wiki/Six-Day_War \"Six-Day War\") (1967\\), a war between Israel and Egypt, Jordan and Syria\n\n"
]
}
|
Patrick Adams (musician)
|
{
"id": [
47868408
],
"name": [
"PinkDucky91"
]
}
|
7q5b428w1dikzazk1wg5aazrzksouez
|
2024-09-10T20:29:58Z
| 1,241,865,447 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"Personal life",
"Discography",
"Albums",
"Songs",
"References",
"See also",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Patrick Peter Owen Adams** (March 17, 1950 – June 22, 2022\\) was an American music arranger and record producer. He earned 32 gold and platinum records.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nHe was known primarily for his production, songwriting and engineering work on the New York\\-based [Salsoul Records](/wiki/Salsoul_Records \"Salsoul Records\"), [Prelude Records](/wiki/Prelude_Records \"Prelude Records\") and major record labels as well as his associations with various recording artists such as [Black Ivory](/wiki/Black_Ivory \"Black Ivory\") (1970s), [Inner Life](/wiki/Inner_Life \"Inner Life\"), [Jocelyn Brown](/wiki/Jocelyn_Brown \"Jocelyn Brown\"), [Loleatta Holloway](/wiki/Loleatta_Holloway \"Loleatta Holloway\"), [R. Kelly](/wiki/R._Kelly \"R. Kelly\"), [Keith Sweat](/wiki/Keith_Sweat \"Keith Sweat\"), [Teddy Riley](/wiki/Teddy_Riley \"Teddy Riley\"), [Salt\\-N\\-Pepa](/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa \"Salt-N-Pepa\"), [Leroy Burgess](/wiki/Leroy_Burgess \"Leroy Burgess\"), Caress, [The Universal Robot Band](/wiki/The_Universal_Robot_Band \"The Universal Robot Band\"), [Logg](/wiki/Logg \"Logg\"), Phreek, and [Musique](/wiki/Musique_%28Patrick_Adams%29 \"Musique (Patrick Adams)\"). In addition, Adams worked with rap, hip\\-hop/R\\&B and dance/club acts such as [Coolio](/wiki/Coolio \"Coolio\"), [Cathy Dennis](/wiki/Cathy_Dennis \"Cathy Dennis\"), [Keith Sweat](/wiki/Keith_Sweat \"Keith Sweat\"), [Teddy Riley](/wiki/Teddy_Riley_%28producer%29 \"Teddy Riley (producer)\"), [R. Kelly](/wiki/R._Kelly \"R. Kelly\"), [Eric B. \\& Rakim](/wiki/Eric_B._%26_Rakim \"Eric B. & Rakim\"), [Salt\\-N\\-Pepa](/wiki/Salt-N-Pepa \"Salt-N-Pepa\"), [Shades of Love](/wiki/Shades_of_Love_%28band%29 \"Shades of Love (band)\") and together with [Gregory Carmichael](/wiki/Gregory_Carmichael \"Gregory Carmichael\") at the studio\\-based disco unit [Bumblebee Unlimited](/wiki/Bumblebee_Unlimited \"Bumblebee Unlimited\"), the producer of *Lady bug* in 1978\\.\n\nHe owned and operated PAPMUS (Patrick Adams Productions Music) in New York City.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nAdams was one of three children born in Harlem, New York to Fince and Rose Adams; his father was a [merchant seaman](/wiki/Merchant_seaman \"Merchant seaman\"). He had two natural children; two daughters (C. Joi Sanchez and Tira Adams) and a step\\-son (Malcolm A. Holmes), though he never married. Adams died on June 22, 2022, in Manhattan, from cancer, at age 72\\.\n\n",
"Discography\n-----------\n\n### Albums\n\n* Black Ivory \\- *[Don't Turn Around](/wiki/Don%27t_Turn_Around_%28album%29 \"Don't Turn Around (album)\")* (1971\\)\n* Debbie Taylor \\- *Comin' down on you* (1972\\)\n* Caress \\- *Caress* (1977\\)\n* Herbie Mann \\- *Supermann* (1978\\)\n* *Patrick Adams Presents Phreek* (1978\\) (with [Phreek](/wiki/Phreek \"Phreek\"))\n* [Inner Life](/wiki/Inner_Life \"Inner Life\") \\- \"I'm Caught Up\" (1979\\)\n* Inner Life \\- *Inner Life* (1980\\)\n* Inner Life \\- *Inner LifeII* (1982\\)\n* Rainbow Brown \\- *Rainbow Brown* (1981\\)\n* Thomas \\& Taylor \\- *True Love* (1985\\)\n\n### Songs\n\n**Production credits**:(selected)\n* [Inner Life](/wiki/Inner_Life \"Inner Life\") \\- \"I'm Caught Up\" (1979\\)\n* Musique \\- \"[In the Bush](/wiki/In_the_Bush \"In the Bush\")\" (1978\\)\n* The Universal Robot Band \\- \"Dance and Shake Your Tambourine\" (1976\\)\n* Musique \\- \"[Keep On Jumpin'](/wiki/Keep_On_Jumpin%27 \"Keep On Jumpin'\")\" (1978\\)\n* Inner Life \\- \"[Ain't No Mountain High Enough](/wiki/Ain%27t_No_Mountain_High_Enough \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\")\" (1981\\)\n* Debbie Taylor \\- \"Romance Without Finance\" (1972\\)\n* JJ Barnes \\- \"You Owe It to Yourself\" (1973\\)\n* Phreek \\- \"Weekend\" (1978\\)\n* Rainbow Brown \\- \"Till You Surrender\" (1981\\)\n* Bumblebee Unlimited \\- \"Lady Bug\" (1978\\)\n* The Universal Robot Band \\- \"Doing Anything Tonight\" (1978\\)\n* Phreek \\- \"May My Love Be with You\" (1978\\)\n* [The Main Ingredient](/wiki/The_Main_Ingredient \"The Main Ingredient\") \\- \"Everything Man\" (1977\\)\n* The Eight Minutes \\- \"Looking for a Brand New Game\" (1973\\)\n* Venus Dodson \\- \"Shining\" (1979\\)\n* Cloud One \\- \"Disco Juice\" (1977\\)\n* Four Below Zero \\- \"My Baby's Got E.S.P.\" (1976\\)\n* Paper Dolls \\- \"Get Down Boy\" (1979\\)\n* Personal Touch \\- \"It Ain't No Big Thing\" (1976\\)\n* Marta Acuna \\- \"Dance, Dance, Dance\" (1977\\)\n* Sammy Gordon and the Hip Huggers \\- \"Making Love\" (1976\\)\n* Sine \\- \"Happy Is the Only Way\" (1977\\)\n* Mary Clark \\- \"Take Me I'm Yours\" (1980\\)\n* Donna McGhee \\- \"I'm a Love Bug\" (1978\\)\n\n",
"### Albums\n\n* Black Ivory \\- *[Don't Turn Around](/wiki/Don%27t_Turn_Around_%28album%29 \"Don't Turn Around (album)\")* (1971\\)\n* Debbie Taylor \\- *Comin' down on you* (1972\\)\n* Caress \\- *Caress* (1977\\)\n* Herbie Mann \\- *Supermann* (1978\\)\n* *Patrick Adams Presents Phreek* (1978\\) (with [Phreek](/wiki/Phreek \"Phreek\"))\n* [Inner Life](/wiki/Inner_Life \"Inner Life\") \\- \"I'm Caught Up\" (1979\\)\n* Inner Life \\- *Inner Life* (1980\\)\n* Inner Life \\- *Inner LifeII* (1982\\)\n* Rainbow Brown \\- *Rainbow Brown* (1981\\)\n* Thomas \\& Taylor \\- *True Love* (1985\\)\n",
"### Songs\n\n**Production credits**:(selected)\n* [Inner Life](/wiki/Inner_Life \"Inner Life\") \\- \"I'm Caught Up\" (1979\\)\n* Musique \\- \"[In the Bush](/wiki/In_the_Bush \"In the Bush\")\" (1978\\)\n* The Universal Robot Band \\- \"Dance and Shake Your Tambourine\" (1976\\)\n* Musique \\- \"[Keep On Jumpin'](/wiki/Keep_On_Jumpin%27 \"Keep On Jumpin'\")\" (1978\\)\n* Inner Life \\- \"[Ain't No Mountain High Enough](/wiki/Ain%27t_No_Mountain_High_Enough \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\")\" (1981\\)\n* Debbie Taylor \\- \"Romance Without Finance\" (1972\\)\n* JJ Barnes \\- \"You Owe It to Yourself\" (1973\\)\n* Phreek \\- \"Weekend\" (1978\\)\n* Rainbow Brown \\- \"Till You Surrender\" (1981\\)\n* Bumblebee Unlimited \\- \"Lady Bug\" (1978\\)\n* The Universal Robot Band \\- \"Doing Anything Tonight\" (1978\\)\n* Phreek \\- \"May My Love Be with You\" (1978\\)\n* [The Main Ingredient](/wiki/The_Main_Ingredient \"The Main Ingredient\") \\- \"Everything Man\" (1977\\)\n* The Eight Minutes \\- \"Looking for a Brand New Game\" (1973\\)\n* Venus Dodson \\- \"Shining\" (1979\\)\n* Cloud One \\- \"Disco Juice\" (1977\\)\n* Four Below Zero \\- \"My Baby's Got E.S.P.\" (1976\\)\n* Paper Dolls \\- \"Get Down Boy\" (1979\\)\n* Personal Touch \\- \"It Ain't No Big Thing\" (1976\\)\n* Marta Acuna \\- \"Dance, Dance, Dance\" (1977\\)\n* Sammy Gordon and the Hip Huggers \\- \"Making Love\" (1976\\)\n* Sine \\- \"Happy Is the Only Way\" (1977\\)\n* Mary Clark \\- \"Take Me I'm Yours\" (1980\\)\n* Donna McGhee \\- \"I'm a Love Bug\" (1978\\)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Paul Kyser](/wiki/Paul_Kyser \"Paul Kyser\")\n* [Dance music](/wiki/Dance_music \"Dance music\")\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Soundcloud page](https://soundcloud.com/paprecords)\n[Category:1950 births](/wiki/Category:1950_births \"1950 births\")\n[Category:2022 deaths](/wiki/Category:2022_deaths \"2022 deaths\")\n[Category:20th\\-century African\\-American musicians](/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_musicians \"20th-century African-American musicians\")\n[Category:21st\\-century African\\-American musicians](/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_musicians \"21st-century African-American musicians\")\n[Category:Record producers from New York (state)](/wiki/Category:Record_producers_from_New_York_%28state%29 \"Record producers from New York (state)\")\n[Category:American disco musicians](/wiki/Category:American_disco_musicians \"American disco musicians\")\n[Category:American boogie musicians](/wiki/Category:American_boogie_musicians \"American boogie musicians\")\n[Category:American soul musicians](/wiki/Category:American_soul_musicians \"American soul musicians\")\n[Category:Musicians from Manhattan](/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Manhattan \"Musicians from Manhattan\")\n[Category:People from Harlem](/wiki/Category:People_from_Harlem \"People from Harlem\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Mongolian armour
|
{
"id": [
114797
],
"name": [
"Ogress"
]
}
|
jsgyc7g5b9il96bqpwajx9ohi5f92dj
|
2024-01-03T16:23:02Z
| 1,193,392,089 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Gallery",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|[Yuan dynasty](/wiki/Yuan_dynasty \"Yuan dynasty\") Mongol rider](/wiki/File:%E5%85%83%E9%AA%91%E9%A9%AC%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB%E4%BF%911.jpg \"元骑马武士俑1.jpg\")\n**Mongolian armour** has a long history. [Mongol](/wiki/Mongols \"Mongols\") armour drew its influence from [Chinese](/wiki/Chinese_armour \"Chinese armour\"), [Middle Eastern](/wiki/Middle_Eastern \"Middle Eastern\"), and [Central Asian](/wiki/Central_Asia \"Central Asia\") styles. Most Mongolian armour was [scale](/wiki/Scale_armour \"Scale armour\") and [lamellar](/wiki/Lamellar_armour \"Lamellar armour\") made of hardened [leather](/wiki/Leather \"Leather\") and [iron](/wiki/Iron \"Iron\"), laced together onto a fabric backing, sometimes silk. Mail armour was also sometimes used, but was rare, probably due to its weight and difficulty to repair. Mongol archers demanded the armour be light enough so that when riding, it didn't interfere with their mobility.\n\nIt is also possible that the Mongol armour lacked mail and was generally lighter than its counterparts to the East and West because the nomadic habits of the Mongols were not conducive to the labour\\-intensive practices and permanent facilities necessary for making mail or large plates. Sometimes arm protection was removed so riders could draw their bow more easily.\n\nHelmets were mostly iron, but leather and other materials were also used. Lamellar armour was also used by the countries that were affected by the invasion of the Mongols worldwide, including the [Mongol conquest of China](/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_China \"Mongol conquest of China\") and the [Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia](/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Persia_and_Mesopotamia \"Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia\") and [the Levant](/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_the_Levant \"Mongol invasions of the Levant\"). This is especially shown by [Timur](/wiki/Timur \"Timur\"), a [Turco\\-Mongol](/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition \"Turco-Mongol tradition\") warlord of the 15th century who used lamellar armour consistently with his cavalry and garbed himself and his men in Mongol armour.\n\n[Genghis Khan](/wiki/Genghis_Khan \"Genghis Khan\") was once said to have issued all his horsemen with silk vests, as an arrow hitting silk does not break the silk but ends up embedding the arrow in the flesh wrapped in silk, allowing the arrow to be removed by gently teasing the silk open. This is opposed to removing barbed arrows by cutting them out or pushing them through and out the other side. These silk vests functioned much like the padded armour used by European and Byzantine soldiers of the same era such as the [gambeson](/wiki/Gambeson \"Gambeson\").Turnbull, Stephen. (2003\\). Mongol Warrior 1200 \\- 1500\\. Osprey Publishing, Oxford. p. 14\n\n",
"Gallery\n-------\n\nFile:Inner Mongolia Museum suit of armour A.jpg\\|Yuan lamellar armour\nFile:War Mask MET DP146429\\.jpg\\|Mongol war mask, 12\\-14th century. One of the only two Mongolian or Tibetan armour masks.\\<ref name\\=\"Met\"\\>\\</ref\\>\nFile:The helmet of a Mongolian army (3\\).JPG\\|Yuan helmet\nFile:The helmet of a Mongolian army (2\\).JPG\\|Yuan helmet\nFile:The helmet of a Mongolian army (7\\).JPG\\|Yuan helmet\nFile:Helmet (Rmog) MET DP124325\\.jpg\\|Mongol helmet, 15th\\-17th c.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Laminar armour](/wiki/Laminar_armour \"Laminar armour\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:East Asian armour](/wiki/Category:East_Asian_armour \"East Asian armour\")\n[Category:Military equipment of Mongolia](/wiki/Category:Military_equipment_of_Mongolia \"Military equipment of Mongolia\")\n[Category:Military history of Mongolia](/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Mongolia \"Military history of Mongolia\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Alfresco Software
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
71etluf5og5lvl8jx81j36ws3ew2jiw
|
2023-09-27T07:51:19Z
| 1,148,457,019 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Products and Services",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Alfresco Software** is a collection of [information management](/wiki/Information_management \"Information management\") software products for [Microsoft Windows](/wiki/Microsoft_Windows \"Microsoft Windows\") and [Unix\\-like](/wiki/Unix-like \"Unix-like\") [operating systems](/wiki/Operating_systems \"Operating systems\") developed by **Alfresco Software Inc.** using [Java](/wiki/Java_platform \"Java platform\") technology. The software, branded as a Digital Business Platform is principally a proprietary \\& a commercially licensed open source platform, supports open standards, and provides [enterprise](/wiki/Business \"Business\") scale. There are also [open source](/wiki/Open-source_software \"Open-source software\") Community Editions available licensed under [LGPLv3](/wiki/LGPL \"LGPL\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nJohn Newton (co\\-founder of [Documentum](/wiki/Documentum \"Documentum\")) and John Powell (a former COO of [Business Objects](/wiki/Business_Objects_%28company%29 \"Business Objects (company)\")) founded Alfresco Software, Inc. in 2005\\.\n\nIn July 2005, Alfresco released the first version of their software.\n\nAlfresco initially focused on document management, in May 2006, the company announced its intention to expand into web content management by acquiring senior technical and managerial staff from [Interwoven](/wiki/TeamSite \"TeamSite\"); this included its VP of Web Content Management, two principal engineers, and a member of its user\\-interface team.\n\nIn October 2009, the 2009 Open Source CMS Market Share Report described Alfresco as a “leading Java\\-based open source web content management system”.\n\nIn 2010, Alfresco sponsored a new [open\\-source](/wiki/Open-source_software \"Open-source software\") [BPM](/wiki/Business_process_management \"Business process management\") engine called [Activiti](/wiki/Activiti_%28software%29 \"Activiti (software)\").\n\nIn July 2011, Alfresco and Ephesoft announced a technology collaboration to offer [document capture](/wiki/Document_capture_software \"Document capture software\") and [Content Management Interoperability Services](/wiki/Content_Management_Interoperability_Services \"Content Management Interoperability Services\") brought together for intelligent [PDF](/wiki/Portable_Document_Format \"Portable Document Format\") capture and search and [workflow](/wiki/Workflow \"Workflow\") development.\n\nIn January 2013, Alfresco appointed Doug Dennerline, former President of [SuccessFactors](/wiki/SuccessFactors \"SuccessFactors\"), former EVP of Sales at [Salesforce.com](/wiki/Salesforce.com \"Salesforce.com\"), and former CEO of [WebEx](/wiki/WebEx \"WebEx\"), as its new CEO.\n\nIn September 2014, Alfresco 5 was released with new reporting and analytics features and an overhaul of its document search tool, moving from [Lucene](/wiki/Lucene \"Lucene\") to [Solr](/wiki/Solr \"Solr\").\n\nIn November 2016, Alfresco launched an AWS Quickstart for building an Alfresco Content Services server cluster on the AWS Cloud.\n\nIn March 2017, Alfresco rebranded as the Digital Business Platform. This included the release of the Application Development Framework with reusable [Angular JS(2\\.0\\)](/wiki/Angular_%28application_platform%29 \"Angular (application platform)\") components.\n\nOn February 8, 2018, it was announced that Alfresco was acquired by the private equity firm Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P.\n\nOn September 9, 2020, Alfresco was acquired again by [Hyland Software](/wiki/Hyland_Software \"Hyland Software\") from Thomas H. Lee Partners for an undisclosed amount.\n\n",
"Products and Services\n---------------------\n\nAlfresco's core platform offering consists of three primary products. It is designed for clients who require [modularity](/wiki/Modular_programming \"Modular programming\") and scalable performance. It can be deployed [on\\-premises](/wiki/On-premises_software \"On-premises software\") on servers or in the [cloud](/wiki/Cloud_computing \"Cloud computing\") using an Amazon Web Services (AWS) Quick Start. A [multi\\-tenant](/wiki/Multitenancy \"Multitenancy\") [SaaS](/wiki/Software_as_a_service \"Software as a service\") offering is also available.\n\nAlfresco provides [enterprise content management](/wiki/Enterprise_content_management \"Enterprise content management\") (ECM) services. This includes a content and metadata repository, a web interface named Share, the ability to define automated business rules, and text indexing. In addition, services that provide [records management](/wiki/Records_management \"Records management\") functionality to address [information governance](/wiki/Information_governance \"Information governance\") requirements are also provided by the company. Alfresco Governance Services is [DoD 5015\\.02](/wiki/Design_Criteria_Standard_for_Electronic_Records_Management_Software_Applications \"Design Criteria Standard for Electronic Records Management Software Applications\") certified for records management.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of content management systems](/wiki/List_of_content_management_systems \"List of content management systems\")\n* [List of collaborative software](/wiki/List_of_collaborative_software \"List of collaborative software\")\n* [Cloud collaboration](/wiki/Cloud_collaboration \"Cloud collaboration\")\n* [Document collaboration](/wiki/Document_collaboration \"Document collaboration\")\n* [Document\\-centric collaboration](/wiki/Document-centric_collaboration \"Document-centric collaboration\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](https://www.alfresco.com/)\n* [Alfresco Hub \\- Forums (Community)](https://hub.alfresco.com/)\n* [Alfresco Content Services on AWS (Amazon Quickstart)](https://aws.amazon.com/quickstart/architecture/alfresco-content-services/)\n* [Activiti Software Website](https://www.activiti.org/)\n* [Alfresco Software External Project Repositories](https://github.com/Alfresco) on [GitHub](/wiki/GitHub \"GitHub\")\n* [How to run Alfresco, Share, and Solr on separate tomcats](https://www.eisenvault.com/post/how-to-run-alfresco-share-and-solr-on-separate-tomcats) on [eisenvault](/wiki/Eisenvault \"Eisenvault\")\n\n[Category:Free content management systems](/wiki/Category:Free_content_management_systems \"Free content management systems\")\n[Category:Document management systems](/wiki/Category:Document_management_systems \"Document management systems\")\n[Category:Free software programmed in Java (programming language)](/wiki/Category:Free_software_programmed_in_Java_%28programming_language%29 \"Free software programmed in Java (programming language)\")\n[Category:Free business software](/wiki/Category:Free_business_software \"Free business software\")\n[Category:Digital library software](/wiki/Category:Digital_library_software \"Digital library software\")\n[Category:Software companies of the United States](/wiki/Category:Software_companies_of_the_United_States \"Software companies of the United States\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Waverton, New South Wales
|
{
"id": [
6908984
],
"name": [
"MrOllie"
]
}
|
cbxgzqgi1y46pbvvr4fc7rg0zcyn0xu
|
2024-07-02T01:45:13Z
| 1,231,398,865 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Heritage listings",
"Transport",
"Commercial area",
"Tourism",
"Recreation",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|Aboriginal whale carving in the Waverton Peninsula Reserve, as it appeared in the 1980s (white paint was used to accentuate the grooves, but the carving has since been restored to its natural state)](/wiki/Image:%281%29Balls_Head002.jpg \"(1)Balls Head002.jpg\")\n**Waverton** is a harbour\\-side [suburb](/wiki/Suburb \"Suburb\") on the lower [North Shore](/wiki/North_Shore_%28Sydney%29 \"North Shore (Sydney)\") of [Sydney](/wiki/Sydney \"Sydney\"), [New South Wales](/wiki/New_South_Wales \"New South Wales\"), [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\"). Waverton is 4 kilometres north of the [Sydney central business district](/wiki/Sydney_central_business_district \"Sydney central business district\"), in the [local government area](/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia \"Local government in Australia\") of [North Sydney Council](/wiki/North_Sydney_Council \"North Sydney Council\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nWaverton was named in 1929 after the Waverton Estate of an early resident, Richard Old. The land once belonged to William Carr, who named it after an [English](/wiki/England \"England\") village connected to his family.\n\nThe North Shore railway line was extended south from [St Leonards](/wiki/St_Leonards%2C_New_South_Wales \"St Leonards, New South Wales\") to [Milsons Point](/wiki/Milsons_Point%2C_New_South_Wales \"Milsons Point, New South Wales\") in 1893\\. The station in this area for nearly forty years was known as Bay Road, after the thoroughfare that crosses the railway line. The local progress association recommended a change and Waverton was chosen in 1929\\.*The Book of Sydney Suburbs*, Compiled by Frances Pollen, Angus \\& Robertson Publishers, 1990, Published in Australia \n\nIndigenous Australians occupied the area until 1916\\. They left behind numerous signs of their presence. Sites include a large rock carving of a whale adjacent to the heritage\\-listed Coal Loader, waterholes and grinding grooves at [Balls Head Reserve](/wiki/Balls_Head_Reserve \"Balls Head Reserve\"), plus engravings and grinding grooves in Waverton Park.\n\nWaverton is also home to the museum ship [MV Cape Don](/wiki/MV_Cape_Don \"MV Cape Don\") which is berthed at the old coal loader in [Balls Head Bay](/wiki/Balls_Head_Bay \"Balls Head Bay\").\n\n",
"Heritage listings\n-----------------\n\nWaverton has a number of heritage\\-listed sites, including:\n* North Shore railway: [Waverton railway station](/wiki/Waverton_railway_station%2C_Sydney \"Waverton railway station, Sydney\")\n* The Coal Loader, located on the west side of the peninsula, was established from 1913 to 1917\\. One of the oldest coal loaders in Sydney Harbour, it was originally a steam ship bunkering station, delivering coal from the [Hunter Valley](/wiki/Hunter_Valley \"Hunter Valley\") to ships in the harbour. It has been restored and is a popular spot on weekends. It is heritage\\-listed.[State Heritage Register](https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=2180699)\n\n",
"Transport\n---------\n\n[Waverton railway station](/wiki/Waverton_railway_station%2C_Sydney \"Waverton railway station, Sydney\") is on the [North Shore railway line](/wiki/North_Shore_railway_line \"North Shore railway line\") of the [Sydney Trains](/wiki/Sydney_Trains \"Sydney Trains\") network. The naval base [HMAS *Waterhen*](/wiki/HMAS_Waterhen_%28naval_base%29 \"HMAS Waterhen (naval base)\") is located on Balls Head Road.\n\nBusways operates one bus route through the suburb of Waverton:\n\n* 265: Lane Cove to North Sydney via Greenwich and Wollstonecraft\n",
"Commercial area\n---------------\n\n[thumb\\|Berrys Bay, Waverton](/wiki/File:Berrys_Bay_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg \"Berrys Bay - panoramio (1).jpg\")\nWaverton has a village\\-like collection of shops around the railway station, including an IGA supermarket, bottle shop, butcher, chemist and several restaurants and cafes.\n\n",
"Tourism\n-------\n\nThe area around Waverton is set along the northern waterways of Lavender Bay, within picturesque surroundings of suburban bushland. The suburb offers a delightful blend of peaceful living and urban convenience with a mix of period\\-style homes. \n\n### Recreation\n\n[Balls Head Reserve](/wiki/Balls_Head_Reserve \"Balls Head Reserve\"), the bushland peninsula, is a popular picnic destination especially when there are harbour fireworks such as on [New Year's Eve](/wiki/Sydney_New_Year%27s_Eve \"Sydney New Year's Eve\"). Its one\\-way road system also forms part of a favoured route for walkers and joggers, and contains many adjacent bushwalking paths.\n\nWaverton Park, on the banks of [Berrys Bay](/wiki/Berrys_Bay \"Berrys Bay\"), with views of Sydney Harbour, is another recreation focal point.\n\nThe suburb is also home of training ships [MV Cape Don](/wiki/MV_Cape_Don \"MV Cape Don\"), [MV Sycamore](/wiki/MV_Sycamore \"MV Sycamore\") and [STS Young Endeavour](/wiki/STS_Young_Endeavour \"STS Young Endeavour\") berthed at the coal loader facility and HMAS Waterhen respectively. \n\nThe MV Cape Don is also a popular maritime museum.\n\n",
"### Recreation\n\n[Balls Head Reserve](/wiki/Balls_Head_Reserve \"Balls Head Reserve\"), the bushland peninsula, is a popular picnic destination especially when there are harbour fireworks such as on [New Year's Eve](/wiki/Sydney_New_Year%27s_Eve \"Sydney New Year's Eve\"). Its one\\-way road system also forms part of a favoured route for walkers and joggers, and contains many adjacent bushwalking paths.\n\nWaverton Park, on the banks of [Berrys Bay](/wiki/Berrys_Bay \"Berrys Bay\"), with views of Sydney Harbour, is another recreation focal point.\n\nThe suburb is also home of training ships [MV Cape Don](/wiki/MV_Cape_Don \"MV Cape Don\"), [MV Sycamore](/wiki/MV_Sycamore \"MV Sycamore\") and [STS Young Endeavour](/wiki/STS_Young_Endeavour \"STS Young Endeavour\") berthed at the coal loader facility and HMAS Waterhen respectively. \n\nThe MV Cape Don is also a popular maritime museum.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Suburbs of Sydney](/wiki/Category:Suburbs_of_Sydney \"Suburbs of Sydney\")\n[Category:1929 establishments in Australia](/wiki/Category:1929_establishments_in_Australia \"1929 establishments in Australia\")\n[Category:Populated places established in 1929](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1929 \"Populated places established in 1929\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Jan Hajek (scientist)
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
9wpwdzrdpr1xr4o9bixl03vh2pycfmy
|
2024-07-29T03:56:11Z
| 1,204,303,067 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"**Jan Hajek** is a [Czech](/wiki/Czechoslovakia \"Czechoslovakia\") scientist and mathematician, living in the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\"). He participated in the creation of the [TCP/IP](/wiki/TCP/IP \"TCP/IP\") protocol. He also created 'Approver', \"which was probably the first tool for the automated verification of concurrent systems\".\n\nHajek is best known for his work on [probabilistic causation](/wiki/Probabilistic_causation \"Probabilistic causation\") indicated by relative risk, attributable risk and by formulas of I.J. Good, Kemeny, Popper, Sheps/Cheng, Pearl and Google's Brin, for [data mining](/wiki/Data_mining \"Data mining\"), [epidemiology](/wiki/Epidemiology \"Epidemiology\"), [evidence\\-based medicine](/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine \"Evidence-based medicine\"), [economy](/wiki/Economy \"Economy\"), [investments](/wiki/Investments \"Investments\") or Causal INSIGHTS INSIDE for [data mining](/wiki/Data_mining \"Data mining\") to fight data tsunami and confounding.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Jan Hajek Webpage](http://www.humintel.com/hajek)\n\n[Category:Dutch computer scientists](/wiki/Category:Dutch_computer_scientists \"Dutch computer scientists\")\n[Category:Czech computer scientists](/wiki/Category:Czech_computer_scientists \"Czech computer scientists\")\n[Category:Czech expatriates in the Netherlands](/wiki/Category:Czech_expatriates_in_the_Netherlands \"Czech expatriates in the Netherlands\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
West Virginia Route 51
|
{
"id": [
37991216
],
"name": [
"1ctinus"
]
}
|
0mzgqe469xr5sqilyoqhcifm2qjm6a4
|
2024-02-16T18:39:27Z
| 1,194,163,670 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Route description",
"Major intersections",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + - \n\t\t**West Virginia Route 51** (**WV 51**) is a [state highway](/wiki/State_highway \"State highway\") that runs west to east from [Berkeley County](/wiki/Berkeley_County%2C_West_Virginia \"Berkeley County, West Virginia\") to [Jefferson County](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_West_Virginia \"Jefferson County, West Virginia\") in [West Virginia](/wiki/West_Virginia \"West Virginia\")'s [Eastern Panhandle](/wiki/Eastern_Panhandle \"Eastern Panhandle\"). The western terminus is at [WV 45](/wiki/West_Virginia_Route_45 \"West Virginia Route 45\") northwest of [Gerrardstown](/wiki/Gerrardstown%2C_West_Virginia \"Gerrardstown, West Virginia\"). The eastern terminus is at an interchange with [U.S. Route 340](/wiki/U.S._Route_340 \"U.S. Route 340\") (US 340\\) and [WV 9](/wiki/West_Virginia_Route_9 \"West Virginia Route 9\") east of downtown [Charles Town](/wiki/Charles_Town%2C_West_Virginia \"Charles Town, West Virginia\"). US 340 continues to the east on the same roadway as WV 51\\.\n\n",
"Route description\n-----------------\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|View west along WV 51 at CR 51/20 in Inwood](/wiki/File:2020-05-19_16_15_53_View_west_along_West_Virginia_State_Route_51_%28Middleway_Pike%29_at_Berkeley_County_Route_51-20_%28Middleway_Pike%29_in_Inwood%2C_Berkeley_County%2C_West_Virginia.jpg \"2020-05-19 16 15 53 View west along West Virginia State Route 51 (Middleway Pike) at Berkeley County Route 51-20 (Middleway Pike) in Inwood, Berkeley County, West Virginia.jpg\")\nWV 51 begins at an intersection with [WV 45](/wiki/West_Virginia_Route_45 \"West Virginia Route 45\") at Mills Gap on top of [North Mountain](/wiki/North_Mountain_%28Virginia-West_Virginia%29 \"North Mountain (Virginia-West Virginia)\") in [Berkeley County](/wiki/Berkeley_County%2C_West_Virginia \"Berkeley County, West Virginia\"), where the road continues north as CR 20 (Buck Hill Road). From this intersection, WV 51 heads south as two\\-lane undivided Gerrardstown Road and descends the forested mountain. The road turns east\\-southeast at the base of the mountain and heads into the agricultural [Shenandoah Valley](/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley \"Shenandoah Valley\"). The route curves southeast and passes through the residential community of [Gerrardstown](/wiki/Gerrardstown%2C_West_Virginia \"Gerrardstown, West Virginia\"). From here, WV 51 turns east and runs through a mix of farmland and woodland with some development. Farther east, the road heads into [Inwood](/wiki/Inwood%2C_West_Virginia \"Inwood, West Virginia\") and turns northeast to reach a [diamond interchange](/wiki/Diamond_interchange \"Diamond interchange\") with [I\\-81](/wiki/Interstate_81_in_West_Virginia \"Interstate 81 in West Virginia\"). Past this interchange, the route becomes a three\\-lane road with a [center left\\-turn lane](/wiki/Center_left-turn_lane \"Center left-turn lane\") and passes businesses in the northern part of Inwood, crossing a [Winchester and Western Railroad](/wiki/Winchester_and_Western_Railroad \"Winchester and Western Railroad\") line. WV 51 comes to a [roundabout](/wiki/Roundabout \"Roundabout\") with [US 11](/wiki/U.S._Route_11_in_West_Virginia \"U.S. Route 11 in West Virginia\") and heads southeast as the Inwood Bypass, reaching another roundabout before intersecting CR 51/20 (Middleway Pike) at a roundabout. At this point, the route heads southeast on two\\-lane undivided Middleway Pike and passes through a mix of residential and commercial areas. The road leaves Inwood and continues south\\-southeast through a mix of fields, woods, and development, curving to the southeast and passing through the community of [Tarico Heights](/wiki/Tarico_Heights%2C_West_Virginia \"Tarico Heights, West Virginia\").\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|View west along WV 51 at US 340 and WV 9 in Charles Town](/wiki/File:2019-08-16_09_22_39_View_south_along_U.S._Route_340_%28William_L._Wilson_Freeway%29_at_the_exit_for_West_Virginia_State_Route_51_WEST_%28Charles_Town%29_in_Charles_Town%2C_Jefferson_County%2C_West_Virginia.jpg \"2019-08-16 09 22 39 View south along U.S. Route 340 (William L. Wilson Freeway) at the exit for West Virginia State Route 51 WEST (Charles Town) in Charles Town, Jefferson County, West Virginia.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|View west at the east end of WV 51 at US 340/WV 9 in Charles Town](/wiki/File:2016-09-27_11_28_48_View_west_along_West_Virginia_State_Route_51_%28Washington_Street%29_at_U.S._Route_340_and_West_Virginia_State_Route_9_in_Charles_Town_in_Jefferson_County%2C_West_Virginia.jpg \"2016-09-27 11 28 48 View west along West Virginia State Route 51 (Washington Street) at U.S. Route 340 and West Virginia State Route 9 in Charles Town in Jefferson County, West Virginia.jpg\")\nWV 51 crosses [Opequon Creek](/wiki/Opequon_Creek \"Opequon Creek\") into [Jefferson County](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_West_Virginia \"Jefferson County, West Virginia\") and continues through a mix of farm fields and woods with some residential and commercial development, curving to the east as it passes north of the community of [Middleway](/wiki/Middleway%2C_West_Virginia \"Middleway, West Virginia\"). The road continues east through rural land and passes the community of Aldridge and the historic house [Harewood](/wiki/Harewood_%28West_Virginia%29 \"Harewood (West Virginia)\"), making a turn to the east\\-southeast. The route crosses [CSX](/wiki/CSX \"CSX\")'s [Shenandoah Subdivision](/wiki/Shenandoah_Subdivision \"Shenandoah Subdivision\") railroad line and passes north of a residential development before running through more farmland. WV 51 crosses [Norfolk Southern](/wiki/Norfolk_Southern \"Norfolk Southern\")'s Hagerstown District railroad line and enters the city of [Charles Town](/wiki/Charles_Town%2C_West_Virginia \"Charles Town, West Virginia\"), where the name becomes Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and the road passes homes. The route turns east\\-northeast onto West Washington Street and continues through residential areas of the city. WV 51 heads into the commercial downtown of Charles Town and comes to an intersection with [WV 115](/wiki/West_Virginia_Route_115 \"West Virginia Route 115\") adjacent to the [Jefferson County Courthouse](/wiki/Jefferson_County_Courthouse_%28West_Virginia%29 \"Jefferson County Courthouse (West Virginia)\"), where the name changes to East Washington Street. From here, the road passes through more of the downtown before heading through residential neighborhoods. The route heads into business areas in the eastern part of Charles Town and gains a center left\\-turn lane. The road passes south of [Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races](/wiki/Hollywood_Casino_at_Charles_Town_Races \"Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races\"), where it widens into a four\\-lane [divided highway](/wiki/Divided_highway \"Divided highway\"). WV 51 comes to its eastern terminus at an interchange with [US 340](/wiki/U.S._Route_340 \"U.S. Route 340\") and [WV 9](/wiki/West_Virginia_Route_9 \"West Virginia Route 9\"), at which point the road continues east as part of US 340\\.\n\n",
"Major intersections\n-------------------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[051](/wiki/Category:State_highways_in_West_Virginia \"State highways in West Virginia\")\n[Category:Transportation in Berkeley County, West Virginia](/wiki/Category:Transportation_in_Berkeley_County%2C_West_Virginia \"Transportation in Berkeley County, West Virginia\")\n[Category:Transportation in Jefferson County, West Virginia](/wiki/Category:Transportation_in_Jefferson_County%2C_West_Virginia \"Transportation in Jefferson County, West Virginia\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Bramhall High School
|
{
"id": [
100426
],
"name": [
"Smalljim"
]
}
|
b993mcing6dp8yxg86w1jyhsw7denxh
|
2024-06-28T15:13:02Z
| 1,231,487,054 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Historic press coverage",
"OFSTED report",
"Academic performance",
"Notable former pupils and staff",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Bramhall High School** is a nine form entry, [comprehensive](/wiki/Comprehensive_school \"Comprehensive school\") high school for 11 to 16\\-year\\-olds in [Bramhall](/wiki/Bramhall \"Bramhall\"), [Stockport](/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport \"Metropolitan Borough of Stockport\"), England.\n\nThe school is a teacher training school in connection with [Manchester Metropolitan University](/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University \"Manchester Metropolitan University\") in [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe school opened as **Bramhall County Grammar School** on *Seal Road* in 1967 as a co\\-educational three\\-form entry [grammar school](/wiki/Grammar_school \"Grammar school\").\n\nIt became The Bramhall County High School in 1971 with a ten\\-form entry with a sixth form. New buildings were added to prepare for the comprehensive intake. Until April 1974 it was administered by Cheshire Education Committee. By 1973 it had a 12\\-form entry with around 1400 pupils.\n\nWith the new LEA of Stockport, it became known as Bramhall High School in 1974\\. In 1975 it was a 9\\-form entry school with around 300 in the sixth form, and again was 12\\-form entry in 1980\\. Similar to [Marple Hall School](/wiki/Marple_Hall_School \"Marple Hall School\") in [Marple](/wiki/Marple%2C_Greater_Manchester \"Marple, Greater Manchester\"), the sixth form was closed in the early 1990s. Since the introduction of academies under the educational reforms of [Michael Gove](/wiki/Michael_Gove \"Michael Gove\") a few secondary schools in Stockport have opened sixth form centres. Bramhall High School started the consultation process into opening a sixth form at the school, with the view of opening in September 2015\\.\n\n",
"Historic press coverage\n-----------------------\n\nThe school came under the spotlight in 2002, when they asked parents of pupils to pay £10 per month to help following cuts in funding from [Stockport](/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport \"Metropolitan Borough of Stockport\") Education Authority under the [Labour](/wiki/Labour_Party_%28UK%29 \"Labour Party (UK)\") government.\n\nThe school was initially criticised after the installation of [unisex](/wiki/Unisex \"Unisex\") toilets in 2000, as a move to tackle [bullying](/wiki/Bullying \"Bullying\") and smoking. Subsequently, this development has become accepted Government policy, and the school features on the 'Bog Standard' website, was selected as a case study in good design by the Design Council and in 2007 was the subject of a follow\\-up documentary for the BBC [Breakfast Programme](/wiki/Breakfast_Programme \"Breakfast Programme\"). The unisex toilets were segregated again in August 2013\\.\n\nThe school also was the focus of critical news headlines after it introduced [sniffer dogs](/wiki/Sniffer_dog \"Sniffer dog\") to search the school premises for traces of [illegal drugs](/wiki/Illegal_drugs \"Illegal drugs\").\n\nIn March 2007, the school was in the news after banning traditional knotted ties from the school uniform and replacing them with clip\\-on ties. A spokesperson for the school later declared that the move to introduce clip\\-on ties was \"more about student appearance than health and safety\".\n\n",
"OFSTED report\n-------------\n\nAn OFSTED inspection in 2014 rated the school as \"Requires improvement\" in all categories. Following the previous OFSTED inspection (2010\\) the school had been described as \"a good and improving school with some outstanding features.\"\n\nIn September 2019, the school was [inspected again](/wiki/Ofsted_Section_5 \"Ofsted Section 5\"). The inspectors found all aspects to be \"Good\", or \"Outstanding\"\\- but before the inspection referred to the school's 2 year [Key Stage 3](/wiki/Key_Stage_3 \"Key Stage 3\") curriculum model as 'the elephant in the room'. [Ofsted](/wiki/Ofsted \"Ofsted\") claimed that the requirements of the [National Curriculum](/wiki/National_Curriculum_for_England \"National Curriculum for England\") for a broad and balanced Key Stage 3 syllabus had not been met and repeated the \"Requires improvement\" judgement. Two months later a similar judgement depressed the judgement at [Impington Village College](/wiki/Impington_Village_College \"Impington Village College\") and has caused other schools and academies to make adjustments to their curriculum model, and rewrite their curriculum intent.\n\n",
"Academic performance\n--------------------\n\nThe percentage of students gaining the top grades has reached the highest ever at 79\\.4%. The percentage achieving English, maths and 5\\+ A\\* – C grades rose from last year's 65% to 66% (provisional with remarks pending). At the same time the average points score per student rose by 13 points. This measure indicates students gaining (on average) the equivalent of an extra A\\* each compared with similar students in 2004\\. 80% of students achieved at least two C grades in science, and 118 students achieved C or better in 3 separate sciences.\n\n",
"Notable former pupils and staff\n-------------------------------\n\n* [Christine Bottomley](/wiki/Christine_Bottomley \"Christine Bottomley\"), actress\n* [Richard Burden](/wiki/Richard_Burden \"Richard Burden\"), former Labour MP for [Birmingham Northfield](/wiki/Birmingham_Northfield_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Birmingham Northfield (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Tina Cullen](/wiki/Tina_Cullen \"Tina Cullen\"), hockey player\n* [Sacha Dhawan](/wiki/Sacha_Dhawan \"Sacha Dhawan\"), actor\n* [Lauren Drummond](/wiki/Lauren_Drummond \"Lauren Drummond\"), actress\n* [Daniel Ellis](/wiki/Daniel_Ellis_%28footballer%2C_born_1988%29 \"Daniel Ellis (footballer, born 1988)\"), professional footballer\n* [Keith Fielding](/wiki/Keith_Fielding \"Keith Fielding\"), rugby league footballer (former teacher and deputy headteacher)\n* [Yvette Fielding](/wiki/Yvette_Fielding \"Yvette Fielding\"), television presenter\n* [Martin Fry](/wiki/Martin_Fry \"Martin Fry\"), lead singer with 1980s new romantic band [ABC](/wiki/ABC_%28band%29 \"ABC (band)\")\n* [Esther Hall](/wiki/Esther_Hall \"Esther Hall\"), television actor\n* [Owen Jones](/wiki/Owen_Jones \"Owen Jones\"), writer\n* [Harriet Millar\\-Mills](/wiki/Harriet_Millar-Mills \"Harriet Millar-Mills\"), England rugby union International\n* [Natalie Pike](/wiki/Natalie_Pike \"Natalie Pike\"), model and broadcaster \n* [Graeme Smith](/wiki/Graeme_Smith_%28swimmer%29 \"Graeme Smith (swimmer)\"), swimmer\n* [Ben Spencer](/wiki/Ben_Spencer_%28rugby_union%29 \"Ben Spencer (rugby union)\"), rugby union player\n* [Kelly Wenham](/wiki/Kelly_Wenham \"Kelly Wenham\"), actress\n* [Hannah Whelan](/wiki/Hannah_Whelan \"Hannah Whelan\"), Olympic gymnast\n* [Aaron Geramipoor](/wiki/Aaron_Geramipoor \"Aaron Geramipoor\"), basketball player\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* *Guardian*, 29 January 1974, page 20\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Bramhall High](https://bhsweb.co.uk/)\n* [EduBase](https://web.archive.org/web/20090225180218/http://www.edubase.gov.uk/establishment/summary.xhtml?urn=106139)\n\n[Category:Secondary schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport](/wiki/Category:Secondary_schools_in_the_Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport \"Secondary schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport\")\n[Category:Educational institutions established in 1967](/wiki/Category:Educational_institutions_established_in_1967 \"Educational institutions established in 1967\")\n[Category:1967 establishments in England](/wiki/Category:1967_establishments_in_England \"1967 establishments in England\")\n[Category:Community schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport](/wiki/Category:Community_schools_in_the_Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport \"Community schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport\")\n[Category:Training schools in England](/wiki/Category:Training_schools_in_England \"Training schools in England\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Rawcliffe, East Riding of Yorkshire
|
{
"id": [
2278355
],
"name": [
"Keith D"
]
}
|
d08hvvitv8m25slru4l38aao01yl9pb
|
2023-08-01T11:31:05Z
| 1,168,093,558 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Overview",
"Gallery",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Rawcliffe** (or **Rawcliffe in Snaith**) is a village and [civil parish](/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England \"Civil parishes in England\") in the [East Riding of Yorkshire](/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire \"East Riding of Yorkshire\"), England on the border with [North Yorkshire](/wiki/North_Yorkshire \"North Yorkshire\"). It is situated approximately west of [Goole](/wiki/Goole \"Goole\") and south of [York](/wiki/York \"York\"). It lies on the banks of the [River Aire](/wiki/River_Aire \"River Aire\") just north of the [M62](/wiki/M62_motorway \"M62 motorway\") and on the [A614 road](/wiki/A614_road \"A614 road\"). Rawcliffe, along with nearby [Airmyn](/wiki/Airmyn \"Airmyn\"), was the location of one of the first reliable reports of the practice of [warping in agriculture](/wiki/Warping_in_agriculture \"Warping in agriculture\") in the 1730s.\n\n",
"Overview\n--------\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Chapel Lane, Rawcliffe](/wiki/File:Chapel_Lane%2C_Rawcliffe.jpg \"Chapel Lane, Rawcliffe.jpg\")\nThe civil parish is formed by the village of Rawcliffe and the [hamlet](/wiki/Hamlet_%28place%29 \"Hamlet (place)\") of [Rawcliffe Bridge](/wiki/Rawcliffe_Bridge \"Rawcliffe Bridge\") which lies just to the south\\-east of the village.\nAccording to the [2011 UK census](/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2011 \"United Kingdom Census 2011\"), Rawcliffe parish had a population of 2,379, an increase on the [2001 UK census](/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001 \"United Kingdom Census 2001\") figure of 2,087\\.\n\nThe village is served by a [railway station](/wiki/Rawcliffe_railway_station \"Rawcliffe railway station\") on the [Pontefract Line](/wiki/Pontefract_Line \"Pontefract Line\") [railway](/wiki/Railway \"Railway\"), originally part of the [Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway](/wiki/Lancashire_and_Yorkshire_Railway \"Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway\") route to nearby [Goole](/wiki/Goole \"Goole\").\n\nThe parish was part of the [Goole Rural District](/wiki/Goole_Rural_District \"Goole Rural District\") in the [West Riding of Yorkshire](/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire \"West Riding of Yorkshire\") from 1894 to 1974, then in [Boothferry](/wiki/Boothferry_%28district%29 \"Boothferry (district)\") district of [Humberside](/wiki/Humberside \"Humberside\") until 1996\\.\n\nThe parish church is dedicated to St James and was designated a Grade II [listed building](/wiki/Listed_building \"Listed building\") in 1986\\.\n\nA [Local Nature Reserve](/wiki/Local_Nature_Reserve \"Local Nature Reserve\"), Sugar Mill Ponds, has been created on the site of an old sugar factory at Rawcliffe Bridge.\n\n",
"Gallery\n-------\n\nFile:The Green, Rawcliffe \\- geograph.org.uk \\- 456321\\.jpg\\|House on The Green\nFile:Rawcliffe Nr Goole, Jemmy Hirst at the Rose and Crown \\- geograph.org.uk \\- 123012\\.jpg\\|Jemmy Hirst at the Rose and Crown\nFile:Rawcliffe Nr Goole, Royal Oak \\- geograph.org.uk \\- 123020\\.jpg\\|The Royal Oak\nFile:Rawcliffe Near Goole, Rawcliffe Church \\- geograph.org.uk \\- 89343\\.jpg\\|St James' Church, Rawcliffe\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in the East Riding of Yorkshire](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire \"Villages in the East Riding of Yorkshire\")\n[Category:Civil parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire](/wiki/Category:Civil_parishes_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire \"Civil parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire\")\n[Category:Local Nature Reserves in the East Riding of Yorkshire](/wiki/Category:Local_Nature_Reserves_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire \"Local Nature Reserves in the East Riding of Yorkshire\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Aleksandr Dianin
|
{
"id": [
46770642
],
"name": [
"LondonAngel4Ever"
]
}
|
ermxhc44t7iqzt7poq3fs2i19gcjh5a
|
2023-10-31T17:38:34Z
| 1,180,995,939 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Bisphenol A and Dianin's compound",
"References",
"Further reading"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Aleksandr Pavlovich Dianin** (; 20 April 1851 – 6 December 1918\\) was a [Russian Empire](/wiki/Russian_Empire \"Russian Empire\") [chemist](/wiki/Chemist \"Chemist\") from [Saint Petersburg](/wiki/Saint_Petersburg \"Saint Petersburg\"). He carried out studies on [phenols](/wiki/Phenol \"Phenol\") and discovered a phenol [derivative](/wiki/Derivative_%28chemistry%29 \"Derivative (chemistry)\") now known as [bisphenol A](/wiki/Bisphenol_A \"Bisphenol A\") and the accordingly named [Dianin's compound](/wiki/Dianin%27s_compound \"Dianin's compound\"). He was married to the adopted daughter of fellow chemist [Alexander Borodin](/wiki/Alexander_Borodin \"Alexander Borodin\"). In 1887, Dianin succeeded his father\\-in\\-law as chair of the Chemistry Department at the Imperial Medical\\-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg (now the [S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy](/wiki/S.M._Kirov_Military_Medical_Academy \"S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy\")).\n\n",
"Bisphenol A and Dianin's compound\n---------------------------------\n\nDianin's method for preparing [bisphenol A](/wiki/Bisphenol_A \"Bisphenol A\") from 1891 remains the most widely\\-known approach to this important compound, though the method has been refined for industrial\\-scale synthesis. It involves the [catalysed](/wiki/Catalyst \"Catalyst\") [condensation](/wiki/Condensation_reaction \"Condensation reaction\") of a 2:1 mixture of [phenol](/wiki/Phenol \"Phenol\") and [acetone](/wiki/Acetone \"Acetone\") in the presence of concentrated [hydrochloric acid](/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid \"Hydrochloric acid\") or [sulfuric acid](/wiki/Sulfuric_acid \"Sulfuric acid\"). The reaction proceeds readily at room temperature producing a crude product containing a great variety of side products (including [Dianin's compound](/wiki/Dianin%27s_compound \"Dianin's compound\")) in a matter of hours. The overall equation is simple, with water as the only [by\\-product](/wiki/By-product \"By-product\"):\n\n[left\\|700px](/wiki/File:Synthesis_Bisphenol_A.svg \"Synthesis Bisphenol A.svg\")\n\nMechanistically, the acid catalyst converts the acetone to a [carbenium ion](/wiki/Carbenium_ion \"Carbenium ion\") that undergoes an [electrophilic aromatic substitution](/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic_substitution \"Electrophilic aromatic substitution\") reaction with the phenol, producing predominantly [*para*\\-substituted](/wiki/Arene_substitution_pattern \"Arene substitution pattern\") products. A second carbenium species is produced by protonation and loss of the aliphatic [hydroxyl](/wiki/Hydroxyl \"Hydroxyl\") group, leading to bisphenol A (4,4'\\-isopropylidenediphenol) after a second aromatic substitution reaction. The process is not very selective, and a great number of minor products and side reactions are known.\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|upright\\|Structure of [Dianin's compound](/wiki/Dianin%27s_compound \"Dianin's compound\"), a [chroman](/wiki/Chroman \"Chroman\") side\\-product of Dianin's synthesis of [bisphenol A](/wiki/Bisphenol_A \"Bisphenol A\").](/wiki/File:Dianin.svg \"Dianin.svg\")\nSide products that are [isomers](/wiki/Isomer \"Isomer\") of bisphenol A result from the formation of *ortho*\\-substituted products, and include the 2,2'\\- and 2,4'\\- isomers of isopropylidenediphenol. Other side reactions include the formation of [triphenol I](/wiki/Triphenol_I \"Triphenol I\"), 4,4'\\-(4\\-hydroxy\\-*m*\\-phenylenediisopropylidene)diphenol, from the attack of a carbenium [electrophile](/wiki/Electrophile \"Electrophile\") on a bisphenol A molecule and the formation of [triphenol II](/wiki/Triphenol_II \"Triphenol II\"), 4,4',4''\\-(2\\-methyl\\-2\\-pentanyl\\-4\\-ylidene)triphenol, when an [elimination reaction](/wiki/Elimination_reaction \"Elimination reaction\") converts the carbenium to a reactive [olefin](/wiki/Olefin \"Olefin\"). Catalysed [dimerisation](/wiki/Dimer_%28chemistry%29 \"Dimer (chemistry)\") of acetone via an [aldol condensation](/wiki/Aldol_condensation \"Aldol condensation\") is well known, and yields [diacetone alcohol](/wiki/Diacetone_alcohol \"Diacetone alcohol\") and (by [dehydration](/wiki/Dehydration_reaction \"Dehydration reaction\")) [mesityl oxide](/wiki/Mesityl_oxide \"Mesityl oxide\") in both acidic and basic conditions. The *in situ* generation of mesityl oxide adds another reactive olefin to the mixture. In cases where an olefinic [moiety](/wiki/Moiety_%28chemistry%29 \"Moiety (chemistry)\") can interact with a phenolic hydroxyl group (typically as a result of *ortho*\\-substitution), rapid [cyclisation](/wiki/Cyclisation \"Cyclisation\") reactions producing [flavans](/wiki/Flavan \"Flavan\") and [chromans](/wiki/Chroman \"Chroman\") occur. This is the source of Dianin's compound in the mixture, and Dianin subsequently demonstrated that the compound can be produced in much greater yield by reacting phenol with mesityl oxide directly. Later work has shown that production of bisphenol A can be made much more selective by using a reaction mixture with a considerable excess of phenol rather than a [stoichiometric](/wiki/Stoichiometry \"Stoichiometry\") 2:1 composition, greatly suppressing side reactions.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n[Category:1851 births](/wiki/Category:1851_births \"1851 births\")\n[Category:1918 deaths](/wiki/Category:1918_deaths \"1918 deaths\")\n[Category:People from Vladimir Oblast](/wiki/Category:People_from_Vladimir_Oblast \"People from Vladimir Oblast\")\n[Category:Inventors from the Russian Empire](/wiki/Category:Inventors_from_the_Russian_Empire \"Inventors from the Russian Empire\")\n[Category:Chemists from the Russian Empire](/wiki/Category:Chemists_from_the_Russian_Empire \"Chemists from the Russian Empire\")\n[Category:University of Jena alumni](/wiki/Category:University_of_Jena_alumni \"University of Jena alumni\")\n[Category:S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy alumni](/wiki/Category:S.M._Kirov_Military_Medical_Academy_alumni \"S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy alumni\")\n[Category:19th\\-century chemists](/wiki/Category:19th-century_chemists \"19th-century chemists\")\n[Category:Russian scientists](/wiki/Category:Russian_scientists \"Russian scientists\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Detroit Grand Pubahs
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"192.69.179.220"
]
}
|
4cisgvpfycc679apag2nctyfpm0xfyy
|
2023-08-18T03:02:02Z
| 1,141,022,477 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Discography",
"Studio albums",
"Remix albums",
"Compilation albums",
"EPs",
"Singles",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Detroit Grand Pubahs** are an American musical group from [Detroit](/wiki/Detroit%2C_Michigan \"Detroit, Michigan\"), [Michigan](/wiki/Michigan \"Michigan\"), comprising Paris the Black Fu (real name Mack Goudy Jr.) and The Mysterious Mr O. (real name Oliver Way). One of the founding members, Dr. Toefinger (real name Andy Toth), left in 2004\\. They are best known for their 2000 single \"[Sandwiches](/wiki/Sandwiches_%28song%29 \"Sandwiches (song)\")\", which reached \\#29 on the [Dance Club Songs](/wiki/Dance_Club_Songs \"Dance Club Songs\") chart.\n\nThe group were nominated for \"Outstanding Funk Artist / Group\" at the [Detroit Music Awards](/wiki/Detroit_Music_Awards \"Detroit Music Awards\") in 2002\\. *[Rolling Stone](/wiki/Rolling_Stone \"Rolling Stone\")* called them \"a group to watch..... this dynamic duo never ceases to amaze with creative use of found sound, foreboding vocals, and bizarre costumes\". The group runs its own record label, Detelefunk, on which they release the group's own music and that of other artists.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nBoth of the Pubahs started in music at an early age, with Toth starting to play drums in various local bands at age 16\\. Vocalist Goudy began [DJing](/wiki/Disc_jockey \"Disc jockey\") at a similar age, having been influenced by [Jeff Mills](/wiki/Jeff_Mills \"Jeff Mills\")' radio mix shows. After leaving school, Toth took a job as a [sound engineer](/wiki/Audio_engineering \"Audio engineering\") at a local [recording studio](/wiki/Recording_studio \"Recording studio\"), while Goudy continued to DJ and sing as one half of Heckle and Jeckle, with Jon Billebob Williams.\n\nWhile both were active on the Detroit scene, they did not meet until they both happened to be working in the same restaurant. They got together and started producing music; their first release was \"Sandwiches\" – released in 2000 on Throw Records – and as its popularity spread, it was picked up by [New York](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\")\\-based [Jive Electro](/wiki/Jive_Electro \"Jive Electro\").\n\nIn 2001, they continued to tour their live act and released their debut studio album, *[Funk All Y'all](/wiki/Funk_All_Y%27all \"Funk All Y'all\")*, on Intuit\\-Solar. More singles, 2003's \"The Clapper\" and 2004's \"Big Onion\", followed on Poker Flat Recordings. The Pubahs' second album, *Galactic Ass Creatures from Uranus*, was released in 2004\\. At the same time, Toth left for other adventures and was replaced by The Mysterious Mr O.\n\nAfter that, they continued to tour. In 2006, they hired Domguè as [saxophone](/wiki/Saxophone \"Saxophone\") player and Mo T as guitarist for their live shows. For some live shows, a new drummer, Emeric Di Paolo, plays with them.\n\nThe third album, *Nuttin' Butt Funk*, was released in 2008 on their own label Detelefunk.\n\n",
"Discography\n-----------\n\n### Studio albums\n\n* *[Funk All Y'all](/wiki/Funk_All_Y%27all \"Funk All Y'all\")* (2001\\)\n* *Galactic Ass Creatures from Uranus* (2004\\)\n* *Nuttin' Butt Funk* (2008\\)\n* *[Madd Circus](/wiki/Madd_Circus \"Madd Circus\")* (2010\\)\n\n### Remix albums\n\n* *BUttFUnkula and the Remixes from Earth* (2009\\)\n\n### Compilation albums\n\n* *Detelefunk Vol. 1* (2011\\)\n\n### EPs\n\n* *The Mad Circus E.P.* (1999\\)\n* *The Galactic Ass Creatures from Uranus (Remixes)* (2004\\)\n* *Ride (Remixes)* (2006\\)\n* *BUttFUnkula and the Remixes from Earth Vol. 1* (2009\\)\n* *BUttFUnkula and the Remixes from Earth Vol. 2* (2009\\)\n\n### Singles\n\n* \"[Sandwiches](/wiki/Sandwiches_%28song%29 \"Sandwiches (song)\")\" (2000\\)\n* \"Ride\" (2001\\) (promo)\n* \"The Clapper\" (2003\\)\n* \"Big Onion\" (2004\\)\n* \"Assistance from an Unknown Source/Plasticene Gene\" (2005\\)\n* \"Surrender\" (2005\\)\n* \"Black Matters\" (2006\\)\n* \"Blind Date\" (2006\\)\n* \"Riot 66\" (2006\\)\n* \"Birth in Zero Gravity\" (2007\\)\n* \"Skydive from Venus\" (2007\\)\n* \"Thanks for Coming\" (2008\\)\n* \"Rollin' Papers \\& Bush\" (2008\\)\n* \"Numb Deaf \\& Dumb\" (2010\\)\n",
"### Studio albums\n\n* *[Funk All Y'all](/wiki/Funk_All_Y%27all \"Funk All Y'all\")* (2001\\)\n* *Galactic Ass Creatures from Uranus* (2004\\)\n* *Nuttin' Butt Funk* (2008\\)\n* *[Madd Circus](/wiki/Madd_Circus \"Madd Circus\")* (2010\\)\n",
"### Remix albums\n\n* *BUttFUnkula and the Remixes from Earth* (2009\\)\n",
"### Compilation albums\n\n* *Detelefunk Vol. 1* (2011\\)\n",
"### EPs\n\n* *The Mad Circus E.P.* (1999\\)\n* *The Galactic Ass Creatures from Uranus (Remixes)* (2004\\)\n* *Ride (Remixes)* (2006\\)\n* *BUttFUnkula and the Remixes from Earth Vol. 1* (2009\\)\n* *BUttFUnkula and the Remixes from Earth Vol. 2* (2009\\)\n",
"### Singles\n\n* \"[Sandwiches](/wiki/Sandwiches_%28song%29 \"Sandwiches (song)\")\" (2000\\)\n* \"Ride\" (2001\\) (promo)\n* \"The Clapper\" (2003\\)\n* \"Big Onion\" (2004\\)\n* \"Assistance from an Unknown Source/Plasticene Gene\" (2005\\)\n* \"Surrender\" (2005\\)\n* \"Black Matters\" (2006\\)\n* \"Blind Date\" (2006\\)\n* \"Riot 66\" (2006\\)\n* \"Birth in Zero Gravity\" (2007\\)\n* \"Skydive from Venus\" (2007\\)\n* \"Thanks for Coming\" (2008\\)\n* \"Rollin' Papers \\& Bush\" (2008\\)\n* \"Numb Deaf \\& Dumb\" (2010\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:American hip hop groups](/wiki/Category:American_hip_hop_groups \"American hip hop groups\")\n[Category:Electronic music groups from Michigan](/wiki/Category:Electronic_music_groups_from_Michigan \"Electronic music groups from Michigan\")\n[Category:Musical groups from Detroit](/wiki/Category:Musical_groups_from_Detroit \"Musical groups from Detroit\")\n[Category:Jive Records artists](/wiki/Category:Jive_Records_artists \"Jive Records artists\")\n[Category:1998 establishments in Michigan](/wiki/Category:1998_establishments_in_Michigan \"1998 establishments in Michigan\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Motion Picture Sound Editors
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"76.86.245.89"
]
}
|
0aiucsby9rztwb93xv6cyknvqqqgsqq
|
2024-10-11T13:34:18Z
| 1,242,784,264 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Membership requirements",
"Golden Reel Awards",
"Feature Film categories",
"Broadcast Media categories",
"Gaming",
"Special categories",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Motion Picture Sound Editors** (**MPSE**) is an American [professional society](/wiki/Professional_association \"Professional association\") of [motion picture](/wiki/Motion_picture \"Motion picture\") [sound editors](/wiki/Sound_editor_%28filmmaking%29 \"Sound editor (filmmaking)\") founded in 1953\\. The society's goals are to educate others about and increase the recognition of the sound and music editors, show the artistic merit of the [soundtracks](/wiki/Soundtrack \"Soundtrack\"), and improve the professional relationship of its members. The society is not to be confused with an [industry union](/wiki/Trade_union \"Trade union\"), such as the [I.A.T.S.E](/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employes \"International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes\"). The current president is David Barber. The names of active members of the MPSE will generally appear in [film credits](/wiki/Film_credits \"Film credits\") with the [post\\-nominal letters](/wiki/Post-nominal_letters \"Post-nominal letters\") \"MPSE\".\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe current Golden Reel Award design was introduced on March 31, 1984, at the award ceremonies for the year 1983 held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel Grand Ballroom, Beverly Hills, California. The trophy was designed by Pat and Ken Anderson of the Anderson Trophy Company.*Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Awards 1983*, award ceremony program, (private collection). The award statues are made by New York firm, [Society Awards](/wiki/Society_Awards \"Society Awards\").\n\n",
"Membership requirements\n-----------------------\n\nThe following are required for the membership application:\n* A three\\-year list of [credits](/wiki/Credit_%28creative_arts%29 \"Credit (creative arts)\") as one (or more) of the following:\n\t+ [Sound editor](/wiki/Sound_editor_%28filmmaking%29 \"Sound editor (filmmaking)\")\n\t+ [Sound designer](/wiki/Sound_designer \"Sound designer\")\n\t+ [Dialogue editor](/wiki/Dialogue_editor \"Dialogue editor\")\n\t+ [ADR](/wiki/Dubbing_%28filmmaking%29%23Automated_dialogue_replacement/post_synch \"Dubbing (filmmaking)#Automated dialogue replacement/post synch\") editor\n\t+ [Sound effects](/wiki/Sound_effects \"Sound effects\") editor\n\t+ [Foley artist](/wiki/Foley_artist \"Foley artist\")\n\t+ Music editor\n* Two active MPSE member sponsors\n* One letter of a sponsoring active MPSE member\n\n",
"Golden Reel Awards\n------------------\n\nSince 1953, The Golden Reel Awards are an annual ceremony dedicated to honoring outstanding achievement in sound editing in film, television, and across the entertainment industry.\n\n### Feature Film categories\n\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR for Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR for Feature Film\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects_and_Foley_for_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Feature Film\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Feature Music](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Feature_Underscore \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Feature Underscore\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical for Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Musical_for_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical for Feature Film\") (until 2020\\)\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Animated Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Animated_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Animated Feature Film\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Foreign Language Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Foreign_Language_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Foreign Language Feature Film\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Feature Documentary](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Feature_Documentary \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Feature Documentary\")\n\n### Broadcast Media categories\n\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Dialogue/ADR](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Series_1_Hour_%E2%80%93_Dialogue/ADR \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Dialogue/ADR\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Effects / Foley](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Series_1_Hour_%E2%80%93_Effects_/_Foley \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Effects / Foley\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Non\\-Theatrical Feature](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Non-Theatrical_Feature_Film_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Non-Theatrical Feature Film Broadcast Media\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Non\\-Theatrical Animation](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Non-Theatrical_Animated_Long_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Non-Theatrical Animated Long Form Broadcast Media\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Comedy or Drama – Music](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Music_Score_and_Musical_for_Episodic_Long_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Music Score and Musical for Episodic Long Form Broadcast Media\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing \\- Music Score and Musical for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_-_Music_Score_and_Musical_for_Episodic_Short_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing - Music Score and Musical for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media\") (until 2020\\)\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – 1/2 Hour – Comedy or Drama](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Live_Action_Broadcast_Media_Under_35_Minutes \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Live Action Broadcast Media Under 35 Minutes\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Animation Series or Short](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Short_Form_Animation_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Short Form Animation Broadcast Media\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Non\\-Theatrical Documentary](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Non-Theatrical_Documentary_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Non-Theatrical Documentary Broadcast Media\")\n* Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Limited Series or Anthology\n* Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Single Presentation (until 2020\\)\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Episodic_Short_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media\") (until 2020\\)\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects_and_Foley_for_Episodic_Short_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media\") (until 2020\\)\n\n### Gaming\n\n* Best Sound Editing: [Computer Entertainment](/wiki/Video_game \"Video game\")\n\t+ 2000: *[Starlancer](/wiki/Starlancer \"Starlancer\")*\n\t+ 2002: *[Ambush](/wiki/The_Hire%23Ambush \"The Hire#Ambush\")*\n\t+ 2004: *[Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines](/wiki/Terminator_3:Rise_of_the_Machines_%28video_game%29 \"Rise of the Machines (video game)\")*\n\t+ 2005: *[GoldenEye: Rogue Agent](/wiki/GoldenEye:Rogue_Agent \"Rogue Agent\")*\n\t+ 2006: *[Onimusha: Dawn of Dreams](/wiki/Onimusha:Dawn_of_Dreams \"Dawn of Dreams\")*\n\t+ 2007: *[Hellgate: London](/wiki/Hellgate:London \"London\")*\n\t+ 2008: *[StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty](/wiki/StarCraft_II:Wings_of_Liberty \"Wings of Liberty\")*\n\t+ 2009: *[Gears of War 2](/wiki/Gears_of_War_2 \"Gears of War 2\")*\n\t+ 2010: *[Uncharted 2: Among Thieves](/wiki/Uncharted_2:Among_Thieves \"Among Thieves\")*\n\t+ 2011: *[Epic Mickey](/wiki/Epic_Mickey \"Epic Mickey\")*\n\t+ 2012: *[Need for Speed: The Run](/wiki/Need_for_Speed:The_Run \"The Run\")*\n\t+ 2013: *[Resident Evil 6](/wiki/Resident_Evil_6 \"Resident Evil 6\")*\n\t+ 2014: *[StarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm](/wiki/StarCraft_II:Heart_of_the_Swarm \"Heart of the Swarm\")*\n\t+ 2015: *[League of Legends: A New Dawn](/wiki/League_of_Legends \"League of Legends\")*\n\t+ 2016: *[Halo 5: Guardians](/wiki/Halo_5:Guardians \"Guardians\")*\n\t+ 2017: *[Gears of War 4](/wiki/Gears_of_War_4 \"Gears of War 4\")*\n\t+ 2018: *[Halo Wars 2](/wiki/Halo_Wars_2 \"Halo Wars 2\")*\n\n### Special categories\n\n* Career Achievement Award\n* Filmmaker's Award\n* [Verna Fields Award](/wiki/Verna_Fields_Award \"Verna Fields Award\") for Sound Editing in a Student Film\n* Ethel Crutcher Scholarship\n",
"### Feature Film categories\n\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR for Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR for Feature Film\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects_and_Foley_for_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Feature Film\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Feature Music](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Feature_Underscore \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Feature Underscore\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical for Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Musical_for_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical for Feature Film\") (until 2020\\)\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Animated Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Animated_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Animated Feature Film\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Foreign Language Feature Film](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Foreign_Language_Feature_Film \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Foreign Language Feature Film\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Feature Documentary](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Feature_Documentary \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue and ADR for Feature Documentary\")\n",
"### Broadcast Media categories\n\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Dialogue/ADR](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Series_1_Hour_%E2%80%93_Dialogue/ADR \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Dialogue/ADR\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Effects / Foley](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Series_1_Hour_%E2%80%93_Effects_/_Foley \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Effects / Foley\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Non\\-Theatrical Feature](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Non-Theatrical_Feature_Film_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Non-Theatrical Feature Film Broadcast Media\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Non\\-Theatrical Animation](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Non-Theatrical_Animated_Long_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Non-Theatrical Animated Long Form Broadcast Media\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Series 1 Hour – Comedy or Drama – Music](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Music_Score_and_Musical_for_Episodic_Long_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Music Score and Musical for Episodic Long Form Broadcast Media\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing \\- Music Score and Musical for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_-_Music_Score_and_Musical_for_Episodic_Short_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing - Music Score and Musical for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media\") (until 2020\\)\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – 1/2 Hour – Comedy or Drama](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Live_Action_Broadcast_Media_Under_35_Minutes \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Live Action Broadcast Media Under 35 Minutes\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Animation Series or Short](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Short_Form_Animation_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Short Form Animation Broadcast Media\")\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Non\\-Theatrical Documentary](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects%2C_Foley%2C_Music%2C_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Non-Theatrical_Documentary_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects, Foley, Music, Dialogue and ADR for Non-Theatrical Documentary Broadcast Media\")\n* Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Limited Series or Anthology\n* Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Single Presentation (until 2020\\)\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Dialogue_and_ADR_for_Episodic_Short_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue and ADR for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media\") (until 2020\\)\n* [Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media](/wiki/Golden_Reel_Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Sound_Editing_%E2%80%93_Sound_Effects_and_Foley_for_Episodic_Short_Form_Broadcast_Media \"Golden Reel Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Sound Effects and Foley for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media\") (until 2020\\)\n",
"### Gaming\n\n* Best Sound Editing: [Computer Entertainment](/wiki/Video_game \"Video game\")\n\t+ 2000: *[Starlancer](/wiki/Starlancer \"Starlancer\")*\n\t+ 2002: *[Ambush](/wiki/The_Hire%23Ambush \"The Hire#Ambush\")*\n\t+ 2004: *[Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines](/wiki/Terminator_3:Rise_of_the_Machines_%28video_game%29 \"Rise of the Machines (video game)\")*\n\t+ 2005: *[GoldenEye: Rogue Agent](/wiki/GoldenEye:Rogue_Agent \"Rogue Agent\")*\n\t+ 2006: *[Onimusha: Dawn of Dreams](/wiki/Onimusha:Dawn_of_Dreams \"Dawn of Dreams\")*\n\t+ 2007: *[Hellgate: London](/wiki/Hellgate:London \"London\")*\n\t+ 2008: *[StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty](/wiki/StarCraft_II:Wings_of_Liberty \"Wings of Liberty\")*\n\t+ 2009: *[Gears of War 2](/wiki/Gears_of_War_2 \"Gears of War 2\")*\n\t+ 2010: *[Uncharted 2: Among Thieves](/wiki/Uncharted_2:Among_Thieves \"Among Thieves\")*\n\t+ 2011: *[Epic Mickey](/wiki/Epic_Mickey \"Epic Mickey\")*\n\t+ 2012: *[Need for Speed: The Run](/wiki/Need_for_Speed:The_Run \"The Run\")*\n\t+ 2013: *[Resident Evil 6](/wiki/Resident_Evil_6 \"Resident Evil 6\")*\n\t+ 2014: *[StarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm](/wiki/StarCraft_II:Heart_of_the_Swarm \"Heart of the Swarm\")*\n\t+ 2015: *[League of Legends: A New Dawn](/wiki/League_of_Legends \"League of Legends\")*\n\t+ 2016: *[Halo 5: Guardians](/wiki/Halo_5:Guardians \"Guardians\")*\n\t+ 2017: *[Gears of War 4](/wiki/Gears_of_War_4 \"Gears of War 4\")*\n\t+ 2018: *[Halo Wars 2](/wiki/Halo_Wars_2 \"Halo Wars 2\")*\n",
"### Special categories\n\n* Career Achievement Award\n* Filmmaker's Award\n* [Verna Fields Award](/wiki/Verna_Fields_Award \"Verna Fields Award\") for Sound Editing in a Student Film\n* Ethel Crutcher Scholarship\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Entertainment industry societies](/wiki/Category:Entertainment_industry_societies \"Entertainment industry societies\")\n[Category:American film awards](/wiki/Category:American_film_awards \"American film awards\")\n[Category:Film organizations in the United States](/wiki/Category:Film_organizations_in_the_United_States \"Film organizations in the United States\")\n[Category:Organizations established in 1953](/wiki/Category:Organizations_established_in_1953 \"Organizations established in 1953\")\n[Category:1953 establishments in the United States](/wiki/Category:1953_establishments_in_the_United_States \"1953 establishments in the United States\")\n\n"
]
}
|
The Southern Star (Alabama)
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
0p02waol4ihbhnqo3z0juc0a7gh09yq
|
2024-09-12T13:20:24Z
| 1,184,981,194 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***The Southern Star*** is the [newspaper](/wiki/Newspaper \"Newspaper\") of [Ozark, Alabama](/wiki/Ozark%2C_Alabama \"Ozark, Alabama\") and one of the oldest newspapers in the [Wiregrass region](/wiki/Wiregrass_region \"Wiregrass region\"). It is a weekly publication and new editions are delivered every Thursday.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe newspaper was founded in 1867 by Joseph A. Adams, a former Confederate soldier with no journalism experience, and was still owned by his descendants until November 2021 at which time it was sold to Maine publisher, Mr. Pierre Little.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [The Southern Star](http://www.ozarkal.news/)\n\n[Category:Newspapers published in Alabama](/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_Alabama \"Newspapers published in Alabama\")\n[Category:Ozark, Alabama](/wiki/Category:Ozark%2C_Alabama \"Ozark, Alabama\")\n[Category:Newspapers established in 1867](/wiki/Category:Newspapers_established_in_1867 \"Newspapers established in 1867\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Ben Vorlich
|
{
"id": [
7646666
],
"name": [
"Archon 2488"
]
}
|
nmnjahhvggwbdu1g3item7qsyrnl9ed
|
2017-12-08T23:20:34Z
| 675,261,213 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Ben Vorlich"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Ben Vorlich**, meaning *Hill of the bay* in Gaelic, is a common name, applied to several hills in different parts of Scotland:\n\n* [Ben Vorlich (Loch Earn)](/wiki/Ben_Vorlich_%28Loch_Earn%29 \"Ben Vorlich (Loch Earn)\"), 985 m Munro and Marilyn lying south of Loch Earn\n* [Ben Vorlich, Loch Lomond](/wiki/Ben_Vorlich%2C_Loch_Lomond \"Ben Vorlich, Loch Lomond\"), 943 m Munro and Marilyn on the western side of Loch Lomond in the Arrochar Alps\n\n"
]
}
|
Gaia (Mägo de Oz album)
|
{
"id": [
8524693
],
"name": [
"Omnipaedista"
]
}
|
jf4tafmsksdpc03mh9cc52j4f5y8o3b
|
2023-09-12T00:59:18Z
| 1,143,660,834 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Track listing",
"DVD",
"Story of ''Gaia''",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Gaia*** is a 2003 album by Spanish [folk metal](/wiki/Folk_metal \"Folk metal\") band [Mägo de Oz](/wiki/M%C3%A4go_de_Oz \"Mägo de Oz\"). It is the first rock opera of a trilogy. The album tells of a woman, the reincarnation of Azzak (or Gaia), who after her execution, is relieved of her soul: the soul of Azzak. Gaia, now free of her mortal skin, uses an e\\-mail to converse with the man who ordered her execution and tells him the story of Azzak and her affair in Colonial times. Upon his finishing the e\\-mail, she appears before him and it is left as a cliffhanger for *[Gaia II: La Voz Dormida](/wiki/Gaia_II:La_Voz_Dormida \"La Voz Dormida\")* to finish.\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\n1. \"Obertura MDXX\" (Overture MDXX \\[1520]) 3:56\n2. \"Gaia\" 11:04 (incorporating the [23rd Psalm](/wiki/Psalm_23 \"Psalm 23\") and [The Lord's Prayer](/wiki/The_Lord%27s_Prayer \"The Lord's Prayer\"))\n3. \"La Conquista\" 5:08 (The Conquest)\n4. \"Alma\" 6:42 (Soul)\n5. \"La Costa del Silencio\" 4:41 (The Shore of Silence)\n6. \"El Árbol de la Noche Triste\" 4:50 (The [Night of Sorrows](/wiki/La_Noche_Triste \"La Noche Triste\")' Tree)\n7. \"La Rosa de los Vientos\" 4:17 (The Compass Rose)\n8. \"La Leyenda de la Llorona\" 4:22 (The Legend of [La Llorona](/wiki/La_Llorona \"La Llorona\"))\n9. \"Van a Rodar Cabezas\" 6:32 (Heads Will Roll)\n10. \"El Atrapasueños\" 4:17 (The Dreamcatcher)\n11. \"Si Te Vas\" 6:00 (If You Leave)\n12. \"La Venganza de Gaia\" 11:04 (Gaia's Vengeance)\n\n### DVD\n\n1. \"Introducción\n2. \"Gaia y su concepto\n3. \"El álbum y su proceso\n4. \"Canción a canción\n5. \"La sesión de fotos\n6. \"La grabación del vídeo\\-clip\n7. \"El diseño gráfico\n8. \"La Costa del Silencio (Video)\n9. \"Créditos\n",
"### DVD\n\n1. \"Introducción\n2. \"Gaia y su concepto\n3. \"El álbum y su proceso\n4. \"Canción a canción\n5. \"La sesión de fotos\n6. \"La grabación del vídeo\\-clip\n7. \"El diseño gráfico\n8. \"La Costa del Silencio (Video)\n9. \"Créditos\n",
"Story of *Gaia*\n---------------\n\nThe album comes with a novella that narrates the story behind every song.\n\n**Obertura MDXX**: It introduces the story with an orchestral melody set with the sound of the sea and the Spanish ships traveling to the New World.\n\n**Gaia**: Set in 2003, it tells the last moments of the life of Alma Echegaray, who has been unjustly sentenced to die on the electric chair by Georgia's governor, Joe Hamilton. She asks herself why has this happened, since she never hated anyone before. This traumatic event leads her soul to seek for revenge.\n\n**La Conquista**: When returning home after the execution, Joe Hamilton receives an e\\-mail sent by Alma herself, in which she tells him a story dating back to the year 1500\\. This song is the beginning of that e\\-mail, narrating the journey by sea of Hernan Cortés's army and their arrival to Mexico's shores, as well as the fear that the natives felt when they saw white men coming to their lands in strange floating wooden mountains. One of the main characters in the story is introduced, Pedro de Alcázar, a soldier in Cortés's army. He begins to realize the evil that will fall over the people they'll find on this New World, all in order to take their gold and their lands.\n\n**Alma**: The song introduces another main character, Azaak, an 18\\-year\\-old native made prisoner by the Spaniards, who imprisoned any woman capable of giving birth. When Pedro sees her for the first time, he's captivated by her beauty; in that moment she is surrounded by a group of old women crying their hearts out. Pedro asks Azaak about them, and she shows him a litter made of leaves with a 4\\-year\\-old lying sick there. After that, the old women start a song in order to save the child's soul.\n\n**La Costa del Silencio**: In this song, Azaak tells that for every evil against the sea and against Mother Nature, we'll be punished by her \\[Mother Nature] because of our actions. Azaak foretells that in many years, when the humans no longer need the wind to travel by sea, a big catastrophe will happen in a place called Galicia.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:2003 albums](/wiki/Category:2003_albums \"2003 albums\")\n[Category:Mägo de Oz albums](/wiki/Category:M%C3%A4go_de_Oz_albums \"Mägo de Oz albums\")\n[Category:Locomotive Music albums](/wiki/Category:Locomotive_Music_albums \"Locomotive Music albums\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Stack cake
|
{
"id": [
47434357
],
"name": [
"NotactuallyaDJ"
]
}
|
125jyxnoygcatt3jcwtrt9kojc4j0ku
|
2024-05-12T15:38:55Z
| 1,173,930,548 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Origin",
"Description",
"See also",
"References",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Stack cake**, also called **apple stack cake**, is a stack of cakes layered with filling. Traditionally the cakes are made in a [cast iron](/wiki/Cast_iron \"Cast iron\") skillet, but they can be baked as well. The cake batter itself is made with [molasses](/wiki/Molasses \"Molasses\"), and makes a crisp cake, similar to [shortbread](/wiki/Shortbread \"Shortbread\") or [biscuit](/wiki/Biscuit \"Biscuit\"). The apple filling for the cake can be made with [applesauce](/wiki/Applesauce \"Applesauce\"), [apple butter](/wiki/Apple_butter \"Apple butter\"), apple jelly, re\\-hydrated preserved apple rings, or other types of filling can be used such as apricot, date and raspberry. The cake is a specialty of [Appalachian cuisine](/wiki/Appalachian_cuisine \"Appalachian cuisine\").\n\n",
"Origin\n------\n\nAn origin story proposed by Sidney Saylor Farr in 1983 is that stack cakes were a local substitute for layered [wedding cake](/wiki/Wedding_cake \"Wedding cake\"), which were prohibitively expensive. According to the legend, women would each donate a layer of cake, however, this is doubtful, because stack cakes require at least two days for the apple filling and cake flavors to combine. It's said that anyone eating the cake without waiting would wonder \"what all the shouting was about\".\n\nAnother proposed origin story is that [James Harrod](/wiki/James_Harrod \"James Harrod\"), eventual founder of [Harrodsburg, Kentucky](/wiki/Harrodsburg%2C_Kentucky \"Harrodsburg, Kentucky\"), brought stack cake from Pennsylvania to Kentucky, but the cake would not have gained popularity until flour became widely available, over 100 years later. There is no definitive account of the cake's origins.\n\n",
"Description\n-----------\n\nMany types of cake layer recipes exist from sponge\\-like layers of cake to [cookie](/wiki/Cookie \"Cookie\") dough\\-like ones; sometimes a stack cake includes many variations and flavors. One recipe from the Bluegrass region utilizes a sorghum molasses based gingerbread type cake. Stack cake parties that do not involve a wedding occur irregularly but typically serve as a way for people to exchange recipes and gossip. Its use is not limited to [Kentucky cuisine](/wiki/Kentucky_cuisine \"Kentucky cuisine\") but all of Appalachia.\n\nIn order to accommodate the typical seven or eight layers, each layer was sometimes pressed very flat. A few of the more common flavorings used were [ginger](/wiki/Ginger \"Ginger\"), [apple](/wiki/Apple \"Apple\") and molasses.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Smith Island Cake](/wiki/Smith_Island_Cake \"Smith Island Cake\") \\- A stack cake of different origin\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n* [Kentucky Cuisine](http://southernfood.about.com/cs/kentuckyrecipes/a/kentucky.htm) \n* [Recipe from Marthastewart.com](http://www.marthastewart.com/four-layer-appalachian-stack-cake)\n* [History from Appalachian Heritage](http://community.berea.edu/appalachianheritage/issues/fall2004/memoir.html)\n* [NYTimes Article on Layer Cakes](https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/16/dining/16Bake.html)\n* [http://www.simplyappalachian.com/article/2014/10/apple\\-stack\\-cake](http://www.simplyappalachian.com/article/2014/10/apple-stack-cake)\n* [http://tennesseemountainstories.com/blog/2016/5/5/apple\\-stack\\-cake](http://tennesseemountainstories.com/blog/2016/5/5/apple-stack-cake)\n* [http://www.appalachianhistory.net/2012/10/stack\\-cake.html](http://www.appalachianhistory.net/2012/10/stack-cake.html)\n\n[Category:Wedding food](/wiki/Category:Wedding_food \"Wedding food\")\n[Category:Apple dishes](/wiki/Category:Apple_dishes \"Apple dishes\")\n[Category:Appalachian cuisine](/wiki/Category:Appalachian_cuisine \"Appalachian cuisine\")\n[Category:American cakes](/wiki/Category:American_cakes \"American cakes\")\n[Category:Layer cakes](/wiki/Category:Layer_cakes \"Layer cakes\")\n[Category:Kentucky cuisine](/wiki/Category:Kentucky_cuisine \"Kentucky cuisine\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Yealand Redmayne
|
{
"id": [
11308236
],
"name": [
"John of Reading"
]
}
|
a8qo0pcrxhzu9szeywa9xqprkjlpk7s
|
2024-10-14T08:31:27Z
| 1,242,568,059 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Community",
"Geography",
"Gallery",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Yealand Redmayne** is a village in the [civil parish](/wiki/Civil_parish \"Civil parish\") of [The Yealands](/wiki/The_Yealands \"The Yealands\"), in the [Lancaster](/wiki/City_of_Lancaster \"City of Lancaster\") district, in the county of [Lancashire](/wiki/Lancashire \"Lancashire\"), England. In 2011 the former parish of Yealand Redmayne had a population of 326\\.\n\n",
"Community\n---------\n\nThe civil parish also included the hamlet of [Yealand Storrs](/wiki/Yealand_Storrs \"Yealand Storrs\"). The village borders [Yealand Conyers](/wiki/Yealand_Conyers \"Yealand Conyers\") and the villages share their facilities. The shared history of the Yealands goes back to at least the [Norman Conquest](/wiki/Norman_Conquest \"Norman Conquest\"), and they are recorded in the [Domesday Book](/wiki/Domesday_Book \"Domesday Book\") of 1086 as Jalant (this is presumed to include the area that became [Silverdale](/wiki/Silverdale%2C_Lancashire \"Silverdale, Lancashire\")). The local district also has a strong Viking history as seen in many of the names of nearby geographical features and place names as well as the recent discovery of the [Silverdale Hoard](/wiki/Silverdale_Hoard \"Silverdale Hoard\") in the village. Today, Yealand Redmayne is still the biggest village by area but has a smaller population than Silverdale.\n\nThe village contains a busy transport corridor as the [A6](/wiki/A6_road_%28England%29 \"A6 road (England)\") and [M6](/wiki/M6_motorway \"M6 motorway\") roads as well as the [West Coast Main Line](/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line \"West Coast Main Line\") and the [Lancaster Canal](/wiki/Lancaster_Canal \"Lancaster Canal\") all pass through the parish. There is a [miniature railway track](/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway \"Ridable miniature railway\") near the A6 at Cinderbarrow.\n\nYealand\\-Redmayne was formerly a [township](/wiki/Township_%28England%29 \"Township (England)\") in the parish of [Warton](/wiki/Warton%2C_Lancaster \"Warton, Lancaster\"), in 1866 Yealand Redmayne became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 2024 the parish was abolished and merged with Yealand Conyers to form [The Yealands](/wiki/The_Yealands \"The Yealands\").\n[thumb\\|right\\|Yealand War Memorial](/wiki/File:Yealand_war_memorial_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4693307.jpg \"Yealand war memorial - geograph.org.uk - 4693307.jpg\")\nYealand Conyers and Yealand Redmayne share a grade II [listed](/wiki/Listed_building \"Listed building\") war memorial, erected at the former parish boundary in 1920, commemorating six men and one woman who died in [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\") and two men who died in [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"). It is in the form of a [Latin cross](/wiki/Latin_cross \"Latin cross\") on a shaft arising from a base on a plinth in a cobbled area.\n\n",
"Geography\n---------\n\nThe village is situated 11 miles north of [Lancaster](/wiki/Lancaster%2C_Lancashire \"Lancaster, Lancashire\") on the county boundary with [Cumbria](/wiki/Cumbria \"Cumbria\"). [Carnforth](/wiki/Carnforth \"Carnforth\") is the nearest town in Lancashire and [Milnthorpe](/wiki/Milnthorpe \"Milnthorpe\") in Cumbria.\n\nTo the north is [Beetham](/wiki/Beetham \"Beetham\"), to the east is [Burton](/wiki/Burton-in-Kendal \"Burton-in-Kendal\") and north east [Holme](/wiki/Holme%2C_Cumbria \"Holme, Cumbria\") while its western boundary is with [Silverdale](/wiki/Silverdale%2C_Lancashire \"Silverdale, Lancashire\"), with [Arnside](/wiki/Arnside \"Arnside\"), and the [River Kent](/wiki/River_Kent \"River Kent\") to the north west. To the south is [Yealand Conyers](/wiki/Yealand_Conyers \"Yealand Conyers\") and beyond that is [Warton](/wiki/Warton%2C_Lancaster \"Warton, Lancaster\").\n\nIt is in the [Arnside and Silverdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty](/wiki/Arnside_and_Silverdale_Area_of_Outstanding_Natural_Beauty \"Arnside and Silverdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty\") and contains Gait Barrows National Nature Reserve and Storrs Moss (which comprises part of the [Leighton Moss RSPB reserve](/wiki/Leighton_Moss_RSPB_reserve \"Leighton Moss RSPB reserve\")).\n\n",
"Gallery\n-------\n\nFile:Farmland\\_Near\\_Yealand\\_Redmayne\\_\\-\\_geograph.org.uk\\_\\-\\_103773\\.jpg\\|Surrounding farm land\nFile:Leighton\\_Hall\\_\\-\\_geograph.org.uk\\_\\-\\_470408\\.jpg\\|Entrance to \\[\\[Leighton Hall, Lancashire\\|Leighton Hall]]\nFile:Miniature\\_Railway\\_\\-\\_geograph.org.uk\\_\\-\\_101115\\.jpg\\|Cinderbarrow Miniature Railway\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Listed buildings in The Yealands](/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_The_Yealands \"Listed buildings in The Yealands\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Yealand Redmayne Parish Council](http://yealandredmayne.co.uk)\n\n[Category:Villages in Lancashire](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Lancashire \"Villages in Lancashire\")\n[Category:Former civil parishes in Lancashire](/wiki/Category:Former_civil_parishes_in_Lancashire \"Former civil parishes in Lancashire\")\n[Category:Geography of the City of Lancaster](/wiki/Category:Geography_of_the_City_of_Lancaster \"Geography of the City of Lancaster\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Battle of Bad Axe
|
{
"id": [
27015025
],
"name": [
"InternetArchiveBot"
]
}
|
8xjgpk9ouqin73e10p4onlsl8b57kyy
|
2024-08-21T20:30:51Z
| 1,233,041,040 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Background",
"Prelude",
"Battle",
"First day",
"Second day",
"Context",
"Aftermath",
"Notes",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
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"content": [
"\n\n* + - * \n\t\t\t\n\nThe **Bad Axe Massacre** was a massacre of [Sauk](/wiki/Sauk_people \"Sauk people\") (Sac) and [Meskwaki](/wiki/Meskwaki \"Meskwaki\") (Fox) Native Americans by [United States Army](/wiki/United_States_Army \"United States Army\") regulars and militia that occurred on August 1–2, 1832\\. This final scene of the [Black Hawk War](/wiki/Black_Hawk_War \"Black Hawk War\") took place near present\\-day [Victory](/wiki/Victory%2C_Wisconsin \"Victory, Wisconsin\"), [Wisconsin](/wiki/Wisconsin \"Wisconsin\"), in the [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\"). It marked the end of the war between white settlers and militia in [Illinois](/wiki/Illinois \"Illinois\") and [Michigan Territory](/wiki/Michigan_Territory \"Michigan Territory\"), and the Sauk and Fox tribes under warrior [Black Hawk](/wiki/Black_Hawk_%28Sauk_leader%29 \"Black Hawk (Sauk leader)\").\n\nThe massacre occurred in the aftermath of the [Battle of Wisconsin Heights](/wiki/Battle_of_Wisconsin_Heights \"Battle of Wisconsin Heights\"), as Black Hawk's band fled the pursuing militia. The militia caught up with them on the eastern bank of the [Mississippi River](/wiki/Mississippi_River \"Mississippi River\"), a few miles downstream from the mouth of the [Bad Axe River](/wiki/Bad_Axe_River \"Bad Axe River\"). Historians have called it a [massacre](/wiki/Massacre \"Massacre\") since the 1850s. The fighting took place over two days, with the steamboat *[Warrior](/wiki/Warrior_%28steamboat%29 \"Warrior (steamboat)\")* present on both days. By the second day, Black Hawk and most of the Native American leaders had fled, though many of the band stayed behind. The victory for the United States was brutal and decisive and the end of the war allowed much of Illinois and present\\-day Wisconsin to be opened for further settlement.\n\n",
"Background\n----------\n\nIn an 1804 treaty between the [governor](/wiki/Governor \"Governor\") of [Indiana Territory](/wiki/Indiana_Territory \"Indiana Territory\") and a council of leaders from the [Sauk](/wiki/Sauk_people \"Sauk people\") and [Fox](/wiki/Fox_%28tribe%29 \"Fox (tribe)\"), Native American tribes ceded of their land to the United States for $2,234\\.50 and an annual annuity of $1,000\\. The treaty also allowed the Sauk and Fox to remain on their land until it was sold. The treaty was controversial; Sauk war leader Black Hawk, and others disputed its validity because they said that the full tribal councils were not consulted and the council that negotiated the treaty did not have the authority to cede land. After the discovery of lead in and around [Galena, Illinois](/wiki/Galena%2C_Illinois \"Galena, Illinois\"), during the 1820s, miners began moving into the area ceded in the 1804 treaty. When the Sauk and Fox returned from the winter hunt in 1829, they found their land occupied by white settlers and were forced to return west of the [Mississippi River](/wiki/Mississippi_River \"Mississippi River\").\"[Apple River Fort](http://www.illinoishistory.gov/hs/apple_river.htm) \", *Historic Sites*, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Retrieved 12 September 2008\\.\n\nAngered by the loss of his birthplace, Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the Mississippi River into Illinois between 1830 and 1831, but each time was persuaded to return west without bloodshed. In April 1832, encouraged by promises of alliance with other tribes and the [British](/wiki/United_Kingdom \"United Kingdom\"), he again moved his so\\-called \"[British Band](/wiki/British_Band \"British Band\")\" of around 1,000 warriors and non\\-combatants into Illinois.Lewis, James. \"[The Black Hawk War of 1832](http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/blackhawk/page2c.html) \", Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project, Northern Illinois University, p. 2C. Retrieved 1 August 2007\\. Finding no allies, he attempted to return across the Mississippi to present\\-day [Iowa](/wiki/Iowa \"Iowa\"), but the undisciplined Illinois Militia's actions led to Black Hawk's surprising victory at the [Battle of Stillman's Run](/wiki/Battle_of_Stillman%27s_Run \"Battle of Stillman's Run\").\"[14 May: Black Hawk's Victory at the Battle of Stillman's Run](https://web.archive.org/web/20070814095355/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002795.asp)\", *Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War*, Wisconsin State Historical Society. Retrieved 6 August 2007\\. A number of other engagements followed, and the militia of Michigan Territory and the state of Illinois were mobilized to hunt down Black Hawk's band. The conflict became known as the Black Hawk War.\n\nThe period between the Battle of Stillman's Run in May and the [raid at Sinsinawa Mound](/wiki/Sinsinawa_Mound_raid \"Sinsinawa Mound raid\") in late June was filled with war\\-related activity. A series of attacks at [Buffalo Grove](/wiki/Buffalo_Grove%2C_Ogle_County%2C_Illinois \"Buffalo Grove, Ogle County, Illinois\"), the [Plum River settlement](/wiki/Savanna%2C_Illinois \"Savanna, Illinois\"), [Fort Blue Mounds](/wiki/Blue_Mounds_Fort \"Blue Mounds Fort\"), and the war's most famous incident, the [Indian Creek massacre](/wiki/Indian_Creek_massacre \"Indian Creek massacre\"), all took place between mid\\-May and late June 1832\\.\"[21 May, Indian Creek, Ill.: Abduction of the Hall Sisters](https://web.archive.org/web/20070929103331/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002816.asp)\", *Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War*, Wisconsin State Historical Society. Retrieved 21 September 2007\\. Two key battles, one at [Horseshoe Bend](/wiki/Battle_of_Horseshoe_Bend_%281832%29 \"Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1832)\") on June 16 and the other at [Waddams Grove](/wiki/Battle_of_Waddams_Grove \"Battle of Waddams Grove\") on June 18, played a role in changing public perception about the militia after its defeat at Stillman's Run.\"[James Stephenson Describes the Battle at Yellow Creek](http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002869.asp) \", *Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War*, Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved 21 September 2007\\.\"[16 June: Henry Dodge Describes The Battle of the Pecatonica](http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002865.asp) \", *Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War*, Wisconsin State Historical Society. Retrieved 21 September 2007\\.\"[16 June: Peter Parkinson Recalls the Battle of the Pecatonica](http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/diary/002874.asp) \", *Historic Diaries: The Black Hawk War*, Wisconsin State Historical Society. Retrieved 21 September 2007\\. The [Battle of Apple River Fort](/wiki/Battle_of_Apple_River_Fort \"Battle of Apple River Fort\") on June 24 marked the end of a week that was an important turning point for the settlers. The fight was a 45\\-minute gun battle between defenders garrisoned inside [Apple River Fort](/wiki/Apple_River_Fort \"Apple River Fort\") and Sauk and Fox warriors led by Chief Black Hawk.Harmet, A. Richard. \"[Apple River Fort Site](http://gis.hpa.state.il.us/hargis/PDFs/201095.pdf) \", ([PDF](/wiki/PDF \"PDF\")), National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, 31 March 1997, HAARGIS Database, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Retrieved 27 September 2007\\.\n\nThe next day, after an inconclusive skirmish at [Kellogg's Grove](/wiki/Battle_of_Kellogg%27s_Grove \"Battle of Kellogg's Grove\"), Black Hawk and his band fled the approaching militia through modern\\-day Wisconsin. The [Sinsinawa Mound raid](/wiki/Sinsinawa_Mound_raid \"Sinsinawa Mound raid\") occurred on June 29, five days after the Battle of Apple River Fort. As the band fled the pursuing militia, they passed through what are now [Beloit](/wiki/Beloit%2C_Wisconsin \"Beloit, Wisconsin\") and [Janesville](/wiki/Janesville%2C_Wisconsin \"Janesville, Wisconsin\"), then followed the [Rock River](/wiki/Rock_River_%28Illinois%29 \"Rock River (Illinois)\") toward [Horicon Marsh](/wiki/Horicon_Marsh \"Horicon Marsh\"), where they headed west toward the Four Lakes region, near modern\\-day [Madison](/wiki/Madison%2C_Wisconsin \"Madison, Wisconsin\").McCann, Dennis. \"[Black Hawk's name, country's shame lives on](https://web.archive.org/web/20070502200209/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=597233)\", *Milwaukee Journal\\-Sentinel*, 28 April 2007\\. Retrieved 30 July 2007\\. On July 21, 1832, the militia caught up with Black Hawk's band as they attempted to cross the [Wisconsin River](/wiki/Wisconsin_River \"Wisconsin River\"), near the present\\-day Town of [Roxbury](/wiki/Roxbury%2C_Wisconsin \"Roxbury, Wisconsin\"), in [Dane County](/wiki/Dane_County%2C_Wisconsin \"Dane County, Wisconsin\"), [Wisconsin](/wiki/Wisconsin \"Wisconsin\"), resulting in the [Battle of Wisconsin Heights](/wiki/Battle_of_Wisconsin_Heights \"Battle of Wisconsin Heights\").Cole, Harry Ellsworth, ed. *[A Standard History of Sauk County, Wisconsin: Volume I](http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/WI.ColeStandardv1)*, Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1918, pp. 170\\-171\\. Available online via [The State of Wisconsin Collection](http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WI/), University of Wisconsin. Retrieved 2 August 2007\\.\n\n",
"Prelude\n-------\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Map of Black Hawk War sites[8px](/wiki/Image:Red_Battle_X.png \"Red Battle X.png\") Battle (with name) [7px](/wiki/Image:Red_pog.svg \"Red pog.svg\") Fort / settlement [7px](/wiki/Image:Green_pog.svg \"Green pog.svg\") Native villageSymbols are wikilinked to article |\n\nA few hours after midnight on July 22, with Black Hawk's band resting on a knoll on the [Wisconsin Heights Battlefield](/wiki/Wisconsin_Heights_Battlefield \"Wisconsin Heights Battlefield\"), [Neapope](/wiki/Neapope \"Neapope\"), one of the key leaders accompanying Black Hawk, attempted to explain to the nearby militia officers that his group wanted only to end the fighting and go back across the Mississippi River.\"[The Battle of Wisconsin Heights](http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/highlights/archives/2006/07/the_battle_of_w.asp),\" Highlights: Archives, *Wisconsin State Historical Society*. Retrieved 8 August 2007\\. In a \"loud shrill voice\" he delivered a conciliatory speech in his native [Ho\\-Chunk](/wiki/Ho-Chunk \"Ho-Chunk\") language, assuming Pauquette and his band of Ho\\-Chunk guides were still with the militia at Wisconsin Heights. However, the U.S. troops did not understand him, because their Sauk allies had already departed the battlefield.Campbell, Henry Colin. *[Wisconsin in Three Centuries, 1634\\-1905](https://books.google.com/books?id=aMAVEgGZ3V0C&dq=Battle+of+Wisconsin+Heights&pg=PA201)*, ([Google Books](/wiki/Google_Books \"Google Books\")), The Century History Company: 1906, pp. 199\\-202\\. Retrieved 2 August 2007\\. Following this failed attempt at peace, Neapope abandoned the cause and returned to a nearby Ho\\-Chunk village. The British Band had slowly disintegrated over the months of conflict; most of the Ho\\-Chunk and [Potawatomi](/wiki/Potawatomi \"Potawatomi\") that had joined were gone by the Battle of Bad Axe. Others, especially children and the elderly, had died of starvation while the band fled the pursuing militia through the swamps around [Lake Koshkonong](/wiki/Lake_Koshkonong \"Lake Koshkonong\").\n\nFollowing the engagement at [Wisconsin Heights](/wiki/Wisconsin_Heights_Battlefield \"Wisconsin Heights Battlefield\"), the militia decided to wait until the following day to pursue Black Hawk. They heard, but did not understand, Neapope's speech during the night, and to their surprise, when morning arrived their enemy had disappeared. The battle, though militarily devastating for the British Band, had allowed much of the group to escape to temporary safety across the Wisconsin River. The reprieve was short\\-lived for many – a group of Fox women and children who attempted to escape down the Wisconsin following the battle were captured by U.S.\\-allied tribes or shot by soldiers further downstream. During the night, while the non\\-combatants escaped in canoes, Black Hawk and the remaining warriors crossed the river near present\\-day [Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin](/wiki/Prairie_du_Sac%2C_Wisconsin \"Prairie du Sac, Wisconsin\"). The band fled west over rugged terrain toward the banks of the Mississippi River, with a week's head start on the militia.\n\nWhile the band fled west, Commanding General [Henry Atkinson](/wiki/Henry_Atkinson_%28soldier%29 \"Henry Atkinson (soldier)\") trimmed his force to a few hundred men and set out to join militia commanders [Henry Dodge](/wiki/Henry_Dodge \"Henry Dodge\") and [James D. Henry](/wiki/James_D._Henry \"James D. Henry\") to regroup and resupply at Fort Blue Mounds. Under the command of Atkinson, around 1,300 men from the commands of Henry, Dodge, [Alexander Posey](/wiki/Alexander_Posey_%28general%29 \"Alexander Posey (general)\") and [Milton Alexander](/wiki/Milton_Alexander \"Milton Alexander\") crossed the Wisconsin River between July 27–28 near present day [Helena, Wisconsin](/wiki/Helena%2C_Wisconsin \"Helena, Wisconsin\"). The well\\-fed and rested militia force picked up Black Hawk's trail again on July 28 near present\\-day [Spring Green, Wisconsin](/wiki/Spring_Green%2C_Wisconsin \"Spring Green, Wisconsin\"), and relatively quickly closed the gap on the famished and battle\\-weary band of Native Americans. On August 1, Black Hawk and about 500 men, women, and children arrived at the eastern bank of the Mississippi, a few miles downstream from the mouth of the [Bad Axe River](/wiki/Bad_Axe_River \"Bad Axe River\"). On arrival, the leaders of the band, including Black Hawk, called a council meeting to discuss their next move.\n\n",
"Battle\n------\n\n### First day\n\nNear the mouth of the Bad Axe River, on August 1, 1832, Black Hawk and Winnebago prophet and fellow British Band leader [White Cloud](/wiki/White_Cloud_%28prophet%29 \"White Cloud (prophet)\") advised the band against wasting time building rafts to cross the Mississippi River, because the U.S. forces were closing in, urging them instead to flee northward and seek refuge among the Ho\\-Chunk. However, most of the band chose to try to cross the river.\n\nWhile some of the band managed to escape across the Mississippi River that afternoon, the [steamboat](/wiki/Steamboat \"Steamboat\") *[Warrior](/wiki/Warrior_%28steamboat%29 \"Warrior (steamboat)\")*, commanded by Captain [Joseph Throckmorton](/wiki/Joseph_Throckmorton \"Joseph Throckmorton\"), appeared on the scene and halted the band's attempt to cross to safety.Petersen, William John. *Steamboating on the Upper Mississippi*, ([Google Books](https://books.google.com/books?id=3akuvp5SIMgC&dq=joseph+throckmorton+warrior&pg=PA176)), Courier Dover Publications: 1996, pp. 176–77, (). Retrieved 22 October 2007\\. Waving a [white flag](/wiki/White_flag \"White flag\"), Black Hawk tried to surrender, but as had happened in the past the soldiers failed to understand and the scene deteriorated into battle. The warriors who survived the initial volley found cover and returned fire and a two\\-hour [firefight](/wiki/Battle \"Battle\") ensued. The *Warrior* eventually withdrew from battle because of lack of fuel, and returned to [Fort Crawford](/wiki/Fort_Crawford \"Fort Crawford\") at [Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin](/wiki/Prairie_du_Chien%2C_Wisconsin \"Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin\").\n\nAt the time, newspaper reports stated that 23 Native Americans were killed, including one woman estimated to be 19 years old; she was shot through her child's upper arm as she stood holding the child watching the battle. Her child was retrieved by Lieutenant Anderson after the battle, and taken to the surgical tent, where the baby's arm was amputated. The child was then taken to Prairie du Chien, where he is believed to have recovered.*[Niles' Register](/wiki/Niles%27_Register \"Niles' Register\")*, Misc. \"Scene at the Battle of the Bad Axe,\" 3 November 1832\\. The fight convinced Black Hawk that refuge lay to the north, not west across the Mississippi. In one of his last actions as commander of the British Band, Black Hawk implored his followers to flee with him, to the north. Many did not listen, and late on August 1, Black Hawk, White Cloud and about three dozen other followers left the British Band and fled northward. Most of the remaining warriors and non\\-combatants remained on the eastern bank of the Mississippi. Forces on the *Warrior* suffered only one casualty – a retired soldier from [Fort Snelling](/wiki/Fort_Snelling \"Fort Snelling\") was wounded in the knee during the fight.\n\n### Second day\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|250px\\|Battle of Bad Axe, engraving by Ernest Heinemann, from original by William de la Montagne Cary](/wiki/File:Battle_of_Bad_Axe.jpg \"Battle of Bad Axe.jpg\")\n\nAt 2 a.m. on August 2, Atkinson's forces awoke and began to break camp, setting out before sunrise. They had moved only a few miles when they ran into the rear scout element of the remaining Sauk and Fox forces. The Sauk scouts attempted to lead the enemy away from the main camp and were initially successful. The combined U.S. forces fell into formation for battle: Generals Alexander and Posey formed the right wing, Henry the left wing, and Dodge and the regulars the center element. As the Native Americans retreated toward the river, the militia's left wing were left in the rear without orders. When a regiment stumbled across the main trail to the camp, the scouts could only fight in retreat and hope that they had given their comrades a chance to escape the militia, while the Sauk and Fox kept retreating to the river. However, *Warrior* returned after obtaining more wood in Prairie du Chien, leaving the refueling point about midnight and arriving at Bad Axe about 10 a.m.[Smith, William Rudolph](/wiki/Smith%2C_William_Rudolph \"Smith, William Rudolph\"). *The History of Wisconsin: In Three Parts, Historical, Documentary, and* ([Google Books](https://books.google.com/books?id=6vNJROIT-18C&dq=warrior+throckmorton&pg=PA229)), Part II: Documentary, Vol. III, B. Brown, [Madison, Wisconsin](/wiki/Madison%2C_Wisconsin \"Madison, Wisconsin\"): 1854 pp. 229–30\\. Retrieved 22 October 2007\\. The slaughter that followed continued for the next eight hours.\n\nHenry's men, the entire left wing, descended a bluff into the midst of several hundred Sauk and Fox warriors, and a desperate [bayonet](/wiki/Bayonet \"Bayonet\") and [musket](/wiki/Musket \"Musket\") battle followed. Women and children fled the fight into the river, where many drowned immediately. The battle continued for 30 minutes before Atkinson came up with Dodge's center element, cutting off escape for many of the remaining Native warriors. Some warriors managed to escape the fight to a willow island, which was being peppered with [canister shot](/wiki/Canister_shot \"Canister shot\") and gunfire by *Warrior*.[Thwaites, Rueben Gold](/wiki/Reuben_Gold_Thwaites \"Reuben Gold Thwaites\"). *How George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest: And Other Essays in Western History*, ([Google Books](https://books.google.com/books?id=tD0F0RJEITkC&q=How+George+Rogers+Clark+Won+the+Northwest:+And+Other+Essays+in+Western+History,)), A.C. McClurg \\& Co., Chicago: 1903, pp. 186–92\\. Retrieved 22 October 2007\\.\n\nThe soldiers killed everyone who tried to run for cover or cross the river; men, women and children alike were shot dead. More than 150 people were killed outright at the scene of the battle, which many combatants later termed a [massacre](/wiki/Wiktionary:Massacre \"Massacre\"). The soldiers then [scalped](/wiki/Scalping \"Scalping\") most of the dead, and cut long strips of flesh from others for use as razor [strops](/wiki/Strop \"Strop\"). U.S. forces captured an additional 75 Native Americans. Of the total 400–500 Sauk and Fox at Bad Axe on August 2, most were killed at the scene, others escaped across the river. Those who escaped across the river found only temporary reprieve as many were captured and killed by [Sioux](/wiki/Sioux \"Sioux\") warriors acting in support of the [U.S. Army](/wiki/U.S._Army \"U.S. Army\"). Sioux brought 68 scalps and 22 prisoners to the U.S. [Indian agent](/wiki/Indian_agent \"Indian agent\") [Joseph M. Street](/wiki/Joseph_M._Street \"Joseph M. Street\") in the weeks following the battle. The United States suffered five [killed in action](/wiki/Killed_in_action \"Killed in action\") and 19 wounded.\n\n",
"### First day\n\nNear the mouth of the Bad Axe River, on August 1, 1832, Black Hawk and Winnebago prophet and fellow British Band leader [White Cloud](/wiki/White_Cloud_%28prophet%29 \"White Cloud (prophet)\") advised the band against wasting time building rafts to cross the Mississippi River, because the U.S. forces were closing in, urging them instead to flee northward and seek refuge among the Ho\\-Chunk. However, most of the band chose to try to cross the river.\n\nWhile some of the band managed to escape across the Mississippi River that afternoon, the [steamboat](/wiki/Steamboat \"Steamboat\") *[Warrior](/wiki/Warrior_%28steamboat%29 \"Warrior (steamboat)\")*, commanded by Captain [Joseph Throckmorton](/wiki/Joseph_Throckmorton \"Joseph Throckmorton\"), appeared on the scene and halted the band's attempt to cross to safety.Petersen, William John. *Steamboating on the Upper Mississippi*, ([Google Books](https://books.google.com/books?id=3akuvp5SIMgC&dq=joseph+throckmorton+warrior&pg=PA176)), Courier Dover Publications: 1996, pp. 176–77, (). Retrieved 22 October 2007\\. Waving a [white flag](/wiki/White_flag \"White flag\"), Black Hawk tried to surrender, but as had happened in the past the soldiers failed to understand and the scene deteriorated into battle. The warriors who survived the initial volley found cover and returned fire and a two\\-hour [firefight](/wiki/Battle \"Battle\") ensued. The *Warrior* eventually withdrew from battle because of lack of fuel, and returned to [Fort Crawford](/wiki/Fort_Crawford \"Fort Crawford\") at [Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin](/wiki/Prairie_du_Chien%2C_Wisconsin \"Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin\").\n\nAt the time, newspaper reports stated that 23 Native Americans were killed, including one woman estimated to be 19 years old; she was shot through her child's upper arm as she stood holding the child watching the battle. Her child was retrieved by Lieutenant Anderson after the battle, and taken to the surgical tent, where the baby's arm was amputated. The child was then taken to Prairie du Chien, where he is believed to have recovered.*[Niles' Register](/wiki/Niles%27_Register \"Niles' Register\")*, Misc. \"Scene at the Battle of the Bad Axe,\" 3 November 1832\\. The fight convinced Black Hawk that refuge lay to the north, not west across the Mississippi. In one of his last actions as commander of the British Band, Black Hawk implored his followers to flee with him, to the north. Many did not listen, and late on August 1, Black Hawk, White Cloud and about three dozen other followers left the British Band and fled northward. Most of the remaining warriors and non\\-combatants remained on the eastern bank of the Mississippi. Forces on the *Warrior* suffered only one casualty – a retired soldier from [Fort Snelling](/wiki/Fort_Snelling \"Fort Snelling\") was wounded in the knee during the fight.\n\n",
"### Second day\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|250px\\|Battle of Bad Axe, engraving by Ernest Heinemann, from original by William de la Montagne Cary](/wiki/File:Battle_of_Bad_Axe.jpg \"Battle of Bad Axe.jpg\")\n\nAt 2 a.m. on August 2, Atkinson's forces awoke and began to break camp, setting out before sunrise. They had moved only a few miles when they ran into the rear scout element of the remaining Sauk and Fox forces. The Sauk scouts attempted to lead the enemy away from the main camp and were initially successful. The combined U.S. forces fell into formation for battle: Generals Alexander and Posey formed the right wing, Henry the left wing, and Dodge and the regulars the center element. As the Native Americans retreated toward the river, the militia's left wing were left in the rear without orders. When a regiment stumbled across the main trail to the camp, the scouts could only fight in retreat and hope that they had given their comrades a chance to escape the militia, while the Sauk and Fox kept retreating to the river. However, *Warrior* returned after obtaining more wood in Prairie du Chien, leaving the refueling point about midnight and arriving at Bad Axe about 10 a.m.[Smith, William Rudolph](/wiki/Smith%2C_William_Rudolph \"Smith, William Rudolph\"). *The History of Wisconsin: In Three Parts, Historical, Documentary, and* ([Google Books](https://books.google.com/books?id=6vNJROIT-18C&dq=warrior+throckmorton&pg=PA229)), Part II: Documentary, Vol. III, B. Brown, [Madison, Wisconsin](/wiki/Madison%2C_Wisconsin \"Madison, Wisconsin\"): 1854 pp. 229–30\\. Retrieved 22 October 2007\\. The slaughter that followed continued for the next eight hours.\n\nHenry's men, the entire left wing, descended a bluff into the midst of several hundred Sauk and Fox warriors, and a desperate [bayonet](/wiki/Bayonet \"Bayonet\") and [musket](/wiki/Musket \"Musket\") battle followed. Women and children fled the fight into the river, where many drowned immediately. The battle continued for 30 minutes before Atkinson came up with Dodge's center element, cutting off escape for many of the remaining Native warriors. Some warriors managed to escape the fight to a willow island, which was being peppered with [canister shot](/wiki/Canister_shot \"Canister shot\") and gunfire by *Warrior*.[Thwaites, Rueben Gold](/wiki/Reuben_Gold_Thwaites \"Reuben Gold Thwaites\"). *How George Rogers Clark Won the Northwest: And Other Essays in Western History*, ([Google Books](https://books.google.com/books?id=tD0F0RJEITkC&q=How+George+Rogers+Clark+Won+the+Northwest:+And+Other+Essays+in+Western+History,)), A.C. McClurg \\& Co., Chicago: 1903, pp. 186–92\\. Retrieved 22 October 2007\\.\n\nThe soldiers killed everyone who tried to run for cover or cross the river; men, women and children alike were shot dead. More than 150 people were killed outright at the scene of the battle, which many combatants later termed a [massacre](/wiki/Wiktionary:Massacre \"Massacre\"). The soldiers then [scalped](/wiki/Scalping \"Scalping\") most of the dead, and cut long strips of flesh from others for use as razor [strops](/wiki/Strop \"Strop\"). U.S. forces captured an additional 75 Native Americans. Of the total 400–500 Sauk and Fox at Bad Axe on August 2, most were killed at the scene, others escaped across the river. Those who escaped across the river found only temporary reprieve as many were captured and killed by [Sioux](/wiki/Sioux \"Sioux\") warriors acting in support of the [U.S. Army](/wiki/U.S._Army \"U.S. Army\"). Sioux brought 68 scalps and 22 prisoners to the U.S. [Indian agent](/wiki/Indian_agent \"Indian agent\") [Joseph M. Street](/wiki/Joseph_M._Street \"Joseph M. Street\") in the weeks following the battle. The United States suffered five [killed in action](/wiki/Killed_in_action \"Killed in action\") and 19 wounded.\n\n",
"Context\n-------\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|250px\\|An 1847 illustration of a dead [Sauk](/wiki/Sauk_people \"Sauk people\") woman and her surviving child being discovered by a U.S. officer at Bad Axe.](/wiki/File:Scott_1847_bad_axe.jpg \"Scott 1847 bad axe.jpg\")\n\nOn August 3, 1832, the day after the battle, Indian Agent Street wrote to [William Clark](/wiki/William_Clark_%28explorer%29 \"William Clark (explorer)\") describing the scene at Bad Axe and the events that occurred there. He stated that most of the Sauk and Fox were shot in the water or drowned trying to cross the Mississippi to safety. Major [John Allen Wakefield](/wiki/John_Allen_Wakefield \"John Allen Wakefield\") published an account of the war in 1834, which included a description of the battle. His description characterized the killing of women and children as a mistake:\n[Wakefield, John Allen](/wiki/Wakefield%2C_John_Allen \"Wakefield, John Allen\"); Stevens, Frank Everett, ed. *[History of the War between the United States and the Sac and Fox Nations of Indians, and Parts of Other Disaffected Tribes of Indians, in the Years Eighteen Hundred and Twenty\\-Seven, Thirty\\-One, and Thirty\\-Two](https://archive.today/20121214212027/http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/file.php?file=wakefield.html)*; Reprinted as: *Wakefield's History of the Black Hawk War*, Original Publication: Jacksonville, Ill.: Calvin Goudy, 1834\\. Reprint Publication: Chicago: The Caxton Club, 1908, Chapter 7: Section 133, and Chapter 8: Section 144\\. Retrieved 22 October 2007\\.\n\nBlack Hawk's own account, though he was not present at the battle's second day, termed the incident a massacre.[Black Hawk](/wiki/Black_Hawk_%28Sauk_leader%29 \"Black Hawk (Sauk leader)\"). \"[The Massacre at Bad Axe: Black Hawk's Account](http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/teachers/lessons/secondary/bh_badaxe.asp),\" via the Wisconsin Historical Society. Retrieved 22 October 2007\\. Later histories continued to assail the actions of the whites at Bad Axe. The 1887 [Perry A. Armstrong](/wiki/Perry_A._Armstrong \"Perry A. Armstrong\") book, *The Sauks and the Black Hawk War*, called Throckmorton's actions \"inhuman and dastardly\" and went on to call him a \"second [Nero](/wiki/Nero \"Nero\") or [Calligula](/wiki/Caligula \"Caligula\") \".[Armstrong, Perry A.](/wiki/Perry_A._Armstrong \"Perry A. Armstrong\") *The Sauks and the Black Hawk War* ([Google Books](https://books.google.com/books?id=XfkfC5mOPdoC&q=Adam+Payne&pg=PA403)), H.W. Rokker: 1887, pp. 467–69\\. Retrieved 22 October 2007\\. In 1898, during events honoring the 66th anniversary of the battle, [Reuben Gold Thwaites](/wiki/Reuben_Gold_Thwaites \"Reuben Gold Thwaites\") termed the fight a \"massacre\" during a speech at the battle site. He emphasized this theme again in a 1903 collection of essays.\n\nModern\\-day historians have continued to characterize the battle as a wholesale massacre. [Mark Grimsley](/wiki/Mark_Grimsley \"Mark Grimsley\"), a history professor at [Ohio State University](/wiki/Ohio_State_University \"Ohio State University\"), concluded in 2005, based on other modern accounts, that the Battle of Bad Axe would be better termed a massacre.Grimsley, Mark. \"[Interrogating the Project of Military History](http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/grimsley1/dialogue/postcolonialism/resistance_77.htm) , War Historian, *Ohio State University*. Retrieved 22 October 2007\\. [Kerry A. Trask's](/wiki/Kerry_Trask \"Kerry Trask\") 2007 work, *Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America*, points to the writings of Wakefield as evidence that delusional beliefs about doing brave deeds and magnifying manliness spurred the U.S. forces to revel in and pursue massacring and exterminating the Sauk and Fox.[Trask, Kerry A.](/wiki/Trask%2C_Kerry_A. \"Trask, Kerry A.\") *Black Hawk: The Battle for the Heart of America*, ([Google Books](https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZIXkMBBLw0C&dq=Kerry+A+trask&pg=PP1)), Henry Holt and Co., New York City: 2007, pp. 279, and 290–93\\. Retrieved 22 October 2007\\. Trask concluded that Wakefield's statement \"I must confess, that it filled my heart with gratitude and joy, to think that I had been instrumental, with many others, in delivering my country of those merciless savages, and restoring those people again to their peaceful homes and firesides,\" was a viewpoint held by nearly all militia members.\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|200px\\|Monument near the site of the Bad Axe massacre](/wiki/File:Battle_isle_marker.jpg \"Battle isle marker.jpg\")\n\n",
"Aftermath\n---------\n\nThe Black Hawk War of 1832 resulted in the deaths of at least 70 settlers and soldiers, and hundreds of Black Hawk's band. As well as the combat casualties of the war, a relief force under General [Winfield Scott](/wiki/Winfield_Scott \"Winfield Scott\") suffered hundreds deserted and dead, many from [cholera](/wiki/Cholera \"Cholera\").*Wisconsin State Historical Society,* \"8 July, Fort Gratiot, Mich.: Cholera Strikes Down Gen. Winfield Scott's Army.\" The end of the war at Bad Axe ended the large\\-scale threat of Native American attacks in northwest Illinois, and allowed further settlement of Illinois and what became [Iowa](/wiki/Iowa \"Iowa\") and Wisconsin.\"[The Driftless Area: An Inventory of the Regions Resources](http://dnr.state.il.us/OREP/C2000/assessments/driftweb/fort.htm) ,\" 2000, *Illinois Department of Natural Resources*. Retrieved 8 August 2007\\.\n\nThe members of the British Band, and the Fox, Kickapoo, Sauk, Ho\\-Chunk and Potawatomi that later joined them, suffered unknown numbers of dead during the war. While some died fighting, others were tracked down and killed by Sioux, [Menominee](/wiki/Menominee \"Menominee\"), Ho\\-Chunk, and other native tribes. Still others died of starvation or drowned during the Band's long trek up the Rock River toward the mouth of the Bad Axe. The entire British Band was not wiped out at Bad Axe; some survivors drifted back home to their villages. This was relatively simple for the Potawatomi and Ho\\-Chunk of the band. Many Sauk and Fox found return to their homes more difficult, and while some returned safely, others were held in custody by the army. Prisoners, some taken at the Battle of Bad Axe, and others taken by U.S.\\-aligned Native American tribes in the following weeks, were taken to [Fort Armstrong](/wiki/Fort_Armstrong%2C_Illinois \"Fort Armstrong, Illinois\") at modern [Rock Island, Illinois](/wiki/Rock_Island%2C_Illinois \"Rock Island, Illinois\"). About 120 prisoners – men, women, and children – waited until the end of August to be released by General [Winfield Scott](/wiki/Winfield_Scott \"Winfield Scott\").Lewis, James. \"[The Black Hawk War of 1832](http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/blackhawk/page2d.html) ,\" Abraham Lincoln Digitization Project, *Northern Illinois University*, p. 2D. Retrieved 20 September 2007\\.\n\nBlack Hawk and most of the leaders of the British Band were not immediately captured following the conclusion of hostilities. On August 20, Sauk and Fox under [Keokuk](/wiki/Keokuk_%28Sauk_chief%29 \"Keokuk (Sauk chief)\") turned over Neapope and several other British Band chiefs to Winfield Scott at Fort Armstrong. Black Hawk, however, remained elusive. After fleeing the battle scene with White Cloud and a small group of warriors, Black Hawk had moved northeast toward the headwaters of the [La Crosse River](/wiki/La_Crosse_River \"La Crosse River\"). The group camped for a few days and was eventually counseled by a group of Ho\\-Chunk, which included White Cloud's brother, to surrender. Though they initially resisted the pleas for surrender, the group eventually traveled to the Ho\\-Chunk village at [La Crosse](/wiki/La_Crosse%2C_Wisconsin \"La Crosse, Wisconsin\") and prepared to surrender. On August 27, 1832, Black Hawk, White Cloud and the remnants of the British Band surrendered to Joseph M. Street at Prairie du Chien.\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Black Hawk's account of the battle](https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/pdfs/lessons/EDU-Account-BlackHawk-BattleofBadAxe.pdf)\n* [General Atkinson's account](https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/pdfs/lessons/EDU-Account-BlackHawkWar1832-General-Atkinson.pdf)\n* [St. Paul District History \\- Battle of Bad Axe](https://web.archive.org/web/20050921004817/http://www.mvp.usace.army.mil/history/bad_axe/)\n* [The Battle of Bad Axe](https://web.archive.org/web/20060518084931/http://www.saukcounty.com/schs/history-battle.htm) by Peter Shrake\n\n[Category:1832 in Michigan Territory](/wiki/Category:1832_in_Michigan_Territory \"1832 in Michigan Territory\")\n[Category:August 1832 events](/wiki/Category:August_1832_events \"August 1832 events\")\n[Category:Conflicts in 1832](/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1832 \"Conflicts in 1832\")\n[Category:Massacres of Native Americans](/wiki/Category:Massacres_of_Native_Americans \"Massacres of Native Americans\")\n[Category:Pre\\-statehood history of Wisconsin](/wiki/Category:Pre-statehood_history_of_Wisconsin \"Pre-statehood history of Wisconsin\")\n[Bad Axe 1832](/wiki/Category:Battles_and_skirmishes_of_the_Black_Hawk_War_in_Wisconsin \"Battles and skirmishes of the Black Hawk War in Wisconsin\")\n[Category:Anti\\-Indigenous racism in Wisconsin](/wiki/Category:Anti-Indigenous_racism_in_Wisconsin \"Anti-Indigenous racism in Wisconsin\")\n\n"
]
}
|
List of populated places in Colorado: A–F
|
{
"id": [
8165010
],
"name": [
"AFigureOfBlue"
]
}
|
lkovqgwlxhvss69029xpj54hf99sivl
|
2024-08-10T01:35:39Z
| 1,236,250,226 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E",
"F",
"G–O",
"P–Z"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
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"content": [
"\n\n",
"A\n-\n\nSelect the [OpenStreetMap](/wiki/OpenStreetMap \"OpenStreetMap\") link at the right to view the location of places in this section.\n\n|[Place](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[County](/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Colorado \"List of counties in Colorado\")\n\n[Type](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[Location](/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system \"Geographic coordinate system\")\n\n[Elevation](/wiki/Elevation \"Elevation\")\n\n|[Abarr](/wiki/Abarr%2C_Colorado \"Abarr, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Abbey](/wiki/Abbey%2C_Colorado \"Abbey, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Abbeyville](/wiki/Abbeyville%2C_Colorado \"Abbeyville, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Abbott](/wiki/Abbott%2C_Colorado \"Abbott, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen%2C_Colorado \"Aberdeen, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Abeyta](/wiki/Abeyta%2C_Colorado \"Abeyta, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Abeyton |\n Las Animas |\nsee [Gulnare](/wiki/Gulnare%2C_Colorado \"Gulnare, Colorado\")\n|[Able](/wiki/Able%2C_Colorado \"Able, Colorado\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Acequia](/wiki/Acequia%2C_Colorado \"Acequia, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Ackmen](/wiki/Ackmen%2C_Colorado \"Ackmen, Colorado\")\n\n [Montezuma](/wiki/Montezuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Montezuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Acres Green](/wiki/Acres_Green%2C_Colorado \"Acres Green, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Adams](/wiki/Adams%2C_Colorado \"Adams, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Adams City](/wiki/Adams_City%2C_Colorado \"Adams City, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [Commerce City neighborhood](/wiki/Commerce_City%2C_Colorado \"Commerce City, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Adelaide](/wiki/Adelaide%2C_Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Adelaide, Fremont County, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Adelaide](/wiki/Adelaide%2C_Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Adelaide, Lake County, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Adena](/wiki/Adena%2C_Colorado \"Adena, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Adna](/wiki/Adna%2C_Colorado \"Adna, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Adrian](/wiki/Adrian%2C_Colorado \"Adrian, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Aetna Estates](/wiki/Aetna_Estates%2C_Colorado \"Aetna Estates, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Agate](/wiki/Agate%2C_Colorado \"Agate, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Agate](/wiki/Agate%2C_Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Agate, Pueblo County, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Aguilar](/wiki/Aguilar%2C_Colorado \"Aguilar, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Air Force Academy CDP](/wiki/Air_Force_Academy_CDP%2C_Colorado \"Air Force Academy CDP, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Akin](/wiki/Akin%2C_Colorado \"Akin, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Akron](/wiki/Akron%2C_Colorado \"Akron, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Alamo](/wiki/Alamo%2C_Colorado \"Alamo, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Alamo Placita](/wiki/Alamo_Placita%2C_Denver \"Alamo Placita, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n\n|[Alamosa](/wiki/Alamosa%2C_Colorado \"Alamosa, Colorado\")\n\n [Alamosa](/wiki/Alamosa_County%2C_Colorado \"Alamosa County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Alamosa East](/wiki/Alamosa_East%2C_Colorado \"Alamosa East, Colorado\")\n\n [Alamosa](/wiki/Alamosa_County%2C_Colorado \"Alamosa County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Albano](/wiki/Albano%2C_Colorado \"Albano, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Albany](/wiki/Albany%2C_Colorado \"Albany, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alcott](/wiki/Alcott%2C_Denver \"Alcott, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") [post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alcreek](/wiki/Alcreek%2C_Colorado \"Alcreek, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alda](/wiki/Alda%2C_Colorado \"Alda, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alden](/wiki/Alden%2C_Colorado \"Alden, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Alder](/wiki/Alder%2C_Colorado \"Alder, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Alder Creek](/wiki/Alder_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Alder Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alexander](/wiki/Alexander%2C_Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Alexander, Lake County, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Alexander |\n Otero |\nsee [Fowler](/wiki/Fowler%2C_Colorado \"Fowler, Colorado\")\n|[Alfalfa](/wiki/Alfalfa%2C_Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Alfalfa, Weld County, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alfalfa](/wiki/Alfalfa%2C_Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Alfalfa, Las Animas County, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alford](/wiki/Alford%2C_Colorado \"Alford, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Algonquin Acres](/wiki/Algonquin_Acres%2C_Colorado \"Algonquin Acres, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Alicante](/wiki/Alicante%2C_Colorado \"Alicante, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alice](/wiki/Alice%2C_Colorado \"Alice, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Alkalai](/wiki/Alkalai%2C_Colorado \"Alkalai, Colorado\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alkali](/wiki/Alkali%2C_Colorado \"Alkali, Colorado\")\n\n [Dolores](/wiki/Dolores_County%2C_Colorado \"Dolores County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alkire Estates](/wiki/Alkire_Estates%2C_Colorado \"Alkire Estates, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Allen](/wiki/Allen%2C_Colorado \"Allen, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Allenspark](/wiki/Allenspark%2C_Colorado \"Allenspark, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Allison](/wiki/Allison%2C_Colorado \"Allison, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Alma](/wiki/Alma%2C_Colorado \"Alma, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Alma Junction](/wiki/Alma_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Alma Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Almont](/wiki/Almont%2C_Colorado \"Almont, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Alnwick](/wiki/Alnwick%2C_Colorado \"Alnwick, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Alpine](/wiki/Alpine%2C_Colorado \"Alpine, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Alpine](/wiki/Alpine%2C_Colorado \"Alpine, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Alta](/wiki/Alta%2C_Colorado \"Alta, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Alta Vista](/wiki/Alta_Vista%2C_El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"Alta Vista, El Paso County, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Alta Vista](/wiki/Alta_Vista%2C_Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Alta Vista, Jefferson County, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Altman](/wiki/Altman%2C_Colorado \"Altman, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Altona](/wiki/Altona%2C_Colorado \"Altona, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Altura](/wiki/Altura%2C_Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Altura, Arapahoe County, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n[unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\")\n\n| [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n|[Altura](/wiki/Altura%2C_Archuleta_County%2C_Colorado \"Altura, Archuleta County, Colorado\")\n\n [Archuleta](/wiki/Archuleta_County%2C_Colorado \"Archuleta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Alva |\n Yuma |\nsee [Idalia](/wiki/Idalia%2C_Colorado \"Idalia, Colorado\")\n|[Alvin](/wiki/Alvin%2C_Colorado \"Alvin, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Amache National Historic Site](/wiki/Amache_National_Historic_Site \"Amache National Historic Site\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n former [internment camp](/wiki/Internment \"Internment\") |\n |\n\n|[American City](/wiki/American_City%2C_Colorado \"American City, Colorado\")\n\n [Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[American Ranch](/wiki/American_Ranch%2C_Colorado \"American Ranch, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Ames](/wiki/Ames%2C_Colorado \"Ames, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Amethyst |\n Mineral |\nsee [Creede](/wiki/Creede%2C_Colorado \"Creede, Colorado\")\n|[Amherst](/wiki/Amherst%2C_Colorado \"Amherst, Colorado\")\n\n [Phillips](/wiki/Phillips_County%2C_Colorado \"Phillips County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Amity](/wiki/Amity%2C_Colorado \"Amity, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Amo](/wiki/Amo%2C_Colorado \"Amo, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Amy](/wiki/Amy%2C_Colorado \"Amy, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Anaconda](/wiki/Anaconda%2C_Colorado \"Anaconda, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Andersonville](/wiki/Andersonville%2C_Colorado \"Andersonville, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Andersonville](/wiki/Andersonville%2C_Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Andersonville, Pueblo County, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Andrix](/wiki/Andrix%2C_Colorado \"Andrix, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Angora](/wiki/Angora%2C_Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Angora, Otero County, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Angora](/wiki/Angora%2C_Colorado \"Angora, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Blanco](/wiki/Rio_Blanco_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Blanco County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Animas |\n La Plata |\nsee [Animas City](/wiki/Animas_City%2C_Colorado \"Animas City, Colorado\")\n|[Animas City](/wiki/Animas_City%2C_Colorado \"Animas City, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Animas Forks](/wiki/Animas_Forks%2C_Colorado \"Animas Forks, Colorado\")\n\n [San Juan](/wiki/San_Juan_County%2C_Colorado \"San Juan County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Anita](/wiki/Anita%2C_Colorado \"Anita, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Ansel](/wiki/Ansel%2C_Colorado \"Ansel, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Antares](/wiki/Antares%2C_Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Antares, Colorado Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [Colorado Springs](/wiki/Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Colorado Springs, Colorado\") [neighborhood](/wiki/Neighbourhood \"Neighbourhood\") |\n |\n |\n|[Antelope Springs](/wiki/Antelope_Springs%2C_Mineral_County%2C_Colorado \"Antelope Springs, Mineral County, Colorado\")\n\n [Mineral](/wiki/Mineral_County%2C_Colorado \"Mineral County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Antelope Springs](/wiki/Antelope_Springs%2C_Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Antelope Springs, Morgan County, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Antero](/wiki/Antero%2C_Colorado \"Antero, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Antero Junction](/wiki/Antero_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Antero Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Anthracite](/wiki/Anthracite%2C_Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Anthracite, Gunnison County, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Anthracite](/wiki/Anthracite%2C_Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Anthracite, Routt County, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Antlers](/wiki/Antlers%2C_Colorado \"Antlers, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Anton](/wiki/Anton%2C_Colorado \"Anton, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Antonito](/wiki/Antonito%2C_Colorado \"Antonito, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Anvil Points](/wiki/Anvil_Points%2C_Colorado \"Anvil Points, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Apache](/wiki/Apache%2C_Colorado \"Apache, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Apache City](/wiki/Apache_City%2C_Colorado \"Apache City, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Apache Mesa](/wiki/Apache_Mesa%2C_Colorado \"Apache Mesa, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Apex](/wiki/Apex%2C_Colorado \"Apex, Colorado\")\n\n [Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Apishapa](/wiki/Apishapa%2C_Colorado \"Apishapa, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Apple Meadows](/wiki/Apple_Meadows%2C_Colorado \"Apple Meadows, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Appleton](/wiki/Appleton%2C_Colorado \"Appleton, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Applewood](/wiki/Applewood%2C_Colorado \"Applewood, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Applewood Glen](/wiki/Applewood_Glen%2C_Colorado \"Applewood Glen, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Lakewood neighborhood](/wiki/Lakewood%2C_Colorado \"Lakewood, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Applewood Grove](/wiki/Applewood_Grove%2C_Colorado \"Applewood Grove, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Applewood Village](/wiki/Applewood_Village%2C_Colorado \"Applewood Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Wheat Ridge neighborhood](/wiki/Wheat_Ridge%2C_Colorado \"Wheat Ridge, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Ara](/wiki/Ara%2C_Colorado \"Ara, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [Boulder neighborhood](/wiki/Boulder%2C_Colorado \"Boulder, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe, Colorado\")\n\n [Cheyenne](/wiki/Cheyenne_County%2C_Colorado \"Cheyenne County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Arapahoe |\n Jefferson |\nsee [Arapahoe City](/wiki/Arapahoe_City%2C_Jefferson_Territory \"Arapahoe City, Jefferson Territory\")\n|[Arapahoe City](/wiki/Arapahoe_City%2C_Jefferson_Territory \"Arapahoe City, Jefferson Territory\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Arastra](/wiki/Arastra%2C_Colorado \"Arastra, Colorado\")\n\n [San Juan](/wiki/San_Juan_County%2C_Colorado \"San Juan County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Arboles](/wiki/Arboles%2C_Colorado \"Arboles, Colorado\")\n\n [Archuleta](/wiki/Archuleta_County%2C_Colorado \"Archuleta County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Arbourville](/wiki/Conrow%2C_Colorado \"Conrow, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Archer](/wiki/Archer%2C_Colorado \"Archer, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Archers](/wiki/Archers%2C_Colorado \"Archers, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arden](/wiki/Arden%2C_Colorado \"Arden, Colorado\")\n\n [Kiowa](/wiki/Kiowa_County%2C_Colorado \"Kiowa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arena](/wiki/Arena%2C_Colorado \"Arena, Colorado\")\n\n [Cheyenne](/wiki/Cheyenne_County%2C_Colorado \"Cheyenne County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arequa](/wiki/Arequa%2C_Colorado \"Arequa, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Argenta |\n Gunnison |\nsee [Tomichi](/wiki/Tomichi%2C_Colorado \"Tomichi, Colorado\")\n|[Argentine (1881\\)](/wiki/Argentine%2C_Colorado_%281881%29 \"Argentine, Colorado (1881)\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Argentine (1901\\)](/wiki/Argentine%2C_Colorado_%281901%29 \"Argentine, Colorado (1901)\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Argo](/wiki/Argo%2C_Denver \"Argo, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Argo Mill](/wiki/Argo_Mill%2C_Colorado \"Argo Mill, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [Idaho Springs neighborhood](/wiki/Idaho_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Idaho Springs, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Arickaree](/wiki/Arickaree%2C_Colorado \"Arickaree, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Aristocrat Ranchettes](/wiki/Aristocrat_Ranchettes%2C_Colorado \"Aristocrat Ranchettes, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Arkansas |\n Chaffee |\nsee [Salida](/wiki/Salida%2C_Colorado \"Salida, Colorado\")\n|[Arkansas Junction](/wiki/Arkansas_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Arkansas Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arkins](/wiki/Arkins%2C_Colorado \"Arkins, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arland](/wiki/Arland%2C_Colorado \"Arland, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arlene](/wiki/Arlene%2C_Colorado \"Arlene, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arlington](/wiki/Arlington%2C_Colorado \"Arlington, Colorado\")\n\n [Kiowa](/wiki/Kiowa_County%2C_Colorado \"Kiowa County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Arlington](/wiki/Arlington%2C_Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Arlington, Mesa County, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arloa](/wiki/Arloa%2C_Colorado \"Arloa, Colorado\")\n\n [Montezuma](/wiki/Montezuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Montezuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Armel](/wiki/Armel%2C_Colorado \"Armel, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Armour](/wiki/Armour%2C_Colorado \"Armour, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Armstrong](/wiki/Armstrong%2C_Colorado \"Armstrong, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Arnold |\n Logan |\nsee [Willard](/wiki/Willard%2C_Colorado \"Willard, Colorado\")\n|[Arnold](/wiki/Arnold%2C_Colorado \"Arnold, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Aroya](/wiki/Aroya%2C_Colorado \"Aroya, Colorado\")\n\n [Cheyenne](/wiki/Cheyenne_County%2C_Colorado \"Cheyenne County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Arrastra |\n San Juan |\nsee [Arastra](/wiki/Arastra%2C_Colorado \"Arastra, Colorado\")\n|[Arriba](/wiki/Arriba%2C_Colorado \"Arriba, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Arriola](/wiki/Arriola%2C_Colorado \"Arriola, Colorado\")\n\n [Montezuma](/wiki/Montezuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Montezuma County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Arrow](/wiki/Arrow%2C_Colorado \"Arrow, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arrowhead](/wiki/Arrowhead%2C_Colorado \"Arrowhead, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Arrowhead Village](/wiki/Arrowhead_Village%2C_Colorado \"Arrowhead Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Arrowood](/wiki/Arrowood%2C_Colorado \"Arrowood, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Arroya](/wiki/Arroya%2C_Colorado \"Arroya, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Artesia |\n Moffat |\nsee [Dinosaur](/wiki/Dinosaur%2C_Colorado \"Dinosaur, Colorado\")\n|[Artman](/wiki/Artman%2C_Colorado \"Artman, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Arvada](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n[home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\")\n\n| [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n|[Ash](/wiki/Ash%2C_Colorado \"Ash, Colorado\")\n\n [Ouray](/wiki/Ouray_County%2C_Colorado \"Ouray County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Ashcroft](/wiki/Ashcroft%2C_Colorado \"Ashcroft, Colorado\")\n\n [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Ashland](/wiki/Ashland%2C_Colorado \"Ashland, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Aspen](/wiki/Aspen%2C_Colorado \"Aspen, Colorado\")\n\n [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Aspen Creek](/wiki/Aspen_Creek%2C_Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Aspen Creek, Broomfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Broomfield](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n [Broomfield neighborhood](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Aspen Junction |\n Eagle |\nsee [Basalt](/wiki/Basalt%2C_Colorado \"Basalt, Colorado\")\n|[Aspen Meadows](/wiki/Aspen_Meadows%2C_Colorado \"Aspen Meadows, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Aspen Park](/wiki/Aspen_Park%2C_Colorado \"Aspen Park, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Aspen\\-Gerbaz](/wiki/Aspen-Gerbaz%2C_Colorado \"Aspen-Gerbaz, Colorado\")\n\n [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Astor City](/wiki/Astor_City%2C_Colorado \"Astor City, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Atchee](/wiki/Atchee%2C_Colorado \"Atchee, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Athens](/wiki/Athens%2C_Denver \"Athens, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Athmar Park](/wiki/Athmar_Park%2C_Denver \"Athmar Park, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta%2C_Colorado \"Atlanta, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Atwell](/wiki/Atwell%2C_Colorado \"Atwell, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Atwood](/wiki/Atwood%2C_Colorado \"Atwood, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Auburn](/wiki/Auburn%2C_Colorado \"Auburn, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Augusta](/wiki/Augusta%2C_Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Augusta, Custer County, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Augusta](/wiki/Augusta%2C_Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Augusta, Las Animas County, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Ault](/wiki/Ault%2C_Colorado \"Ault, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Auraria](/wiki/Auraria%2C_Denver \"Auraria, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Aurora](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n[home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\")\n\n| [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n| [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n|[Aurora](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Ouray_County%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Ouray County, Colorado\")\n\n [Ouray](/wiki/Ouray_County%2C_Colorado \"Ouray County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Aurora |\n San Miguel |\nsee [Dallas Divide](/wiki/Dallas_Divide%2C_Colorado \"Dallas Divide, Colorado\")\n|[Aurora Heights](/wiki/Aurora_Heights%2C_Colorado \"Aurora Heights, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Aurora Highlands](/wiki/Aurora_Highlands%2C_Colorado \"Aurora Highlands, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Aurora Hills](/wiki/Aurora_Hills%2C_Colorado \"Aurora Hills, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Aurora Knolls](/wiki/Aurora_Knolls%2C_Colorado \"Aurora Knolls, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Auroria |\n Larimer |\nsee [Laporte](/wiki/Laporte%2C_Colorado \"Laporte, Colorado\")\n|[Austin](/wiki/Austin%2C_Colorado \"Austin, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Austin](/wiki/Austin%2C_Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Austin, Garfield County, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Autobees |\n Pueblo |\nsee [Autobees Plaza](/wiki/Autobees_Plaza%2C_Colorado_Territory \"Autobees Plaza, Colorado Territory\")\n|[Autobees Plaza](/wiki/Autobees_Plaza%2C_Colorado_Territory \"Autobees Plaza, Colorado Territory\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Avalo](/wiki/Avalo%2C_Colorado \"Avalo, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Avendale](/wiki/Avendale%2C_Colorado \"Avendale, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Avoca](/wiki/Avoca%2C_Colorado \"Avoca, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Avon](/wiki/Avon%2C_Colorado \"Avon, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Avondale](/wiki/Avondale%2C_Colorado \"Avondale, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Axial](/wiki/Axial%2C_Colorado \"Axial, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Ayer](/wiki/Ayer%2C_Colorado \"Ayer, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Aylmer |\n Las Animas |\nsee [Bowen](/wiki/Bowen%2C_Colorado_%28Las_Animas_County%29 \"Bowen, Colorado (Las Animas County)\")\n|[Ayr](/wiki/Ayr%2C_Colorado \"Ayr, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n",
"B\n-\n\nSelect the [OpenStreetMap](/wiki/OpenStreetMap \"OpenStreetMap\") link at the right to view the location of places in this section.\n\n|[Place](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[County](/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Colorado \"List of counties in Colorado\")\n\n[Type](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[Location](/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system \"Geographic coordinate system\")\n\n[Elevation](/wiki/Elevation \"Elevation\")\n\n|[Bachelor](/wiki/Bachelor%2C_Colorado \"Bachelor, Colorado\")\n\n [Mineral](/wiki/Mineral_County%2C_Colorado \"Mineral County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Bachelor City |\n Mineral |\nsee [Bachelor](/wiki/Bachelor%2C_Colorado \"Bachelor, Colorado\")\n|[Bachelor Gulch Village](/wiki/Bachelor_Gulch_Village%2C_Colorado \"Bachelor Gulch Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Badger](/wiki/Badger%2C_Colorado \"Badger, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Badger House Community](/wiki/Badger_House_Community%2C_Colorado \"Badger House Community, Colorado\")\n\n [Montezuma](/wiki/Montezuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Montezuma County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Badito](/wiki/Badito%2C_Colorado \"Badito, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Bailey](/wiki/Bailey%2C_Colorado \"Bailey, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Baker](/wiki/Baker%2C_Colorado \"Baker, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Baker](/wiki/Baker%2C_Denver \"Baker, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bakerville](/wiki/Bakerville%2C_Colorado \"Bakerville, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Balarat](/wiki/Balarat%2C_Colorado \"Balarat, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Bald Mountain |\n Gilpin |\nsee [Nevadaville](/wiki/Nevadaville%2C_Colorado \"Nevadaville, Colorado\")\n|[Baldwin](/wiki/Baldwin%2C_Colorado \"Baldwin, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Balfour](/wiki/Balfour%2C_Colorado \"Balfour, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Balltown](/wiki/Balltown%2C_Colorado \"Balltown, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Baltimore](/wiki/Baltimore%2C_Colorado \"Baltimore, Colorado\")\n\n [Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Baltzer](/wiki/Baltzer%2C_Colorado \"Baltzer, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Balzac](/wiki/Balzac%2C_Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Balzac, Garfield County, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Balzac](/wiki/Balzac%2C_Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Balzac, Morgan County, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Bar\\-K Ranch |\n Boulder |\nsee [Bark Ranch](/wiki/Bark_Ranch%2C_Colorado \"Bark Ranch, Colorado\")\n|[Barbee](/wiki/Barbee%2C_Colorado \"Barbee, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bardeen](/wiki/Bardeen%2C_Colorado \"Bardeen, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bardine](/wiki/Bardine%2C_Colorado \"Bardine, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Barehills](/wiki/Barehills%2C_Colorado \"Barehills, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Barela](/wiki/Barela%2C_Colorado \"Barela, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bark Ranch](/wiki/Bark_Ranch%2C_Colorado \"Bark Ranch, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Barlow |\n Garfield |\nsee [Glenwood Springs](/wiki/Glenwood_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Glenwood Springs, Colorado\")\n|[Barnes](/wiki/Barnes%2C_Colorado \"Barnes, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Barnesville](/wiki/Barnesville%2C_Colorado \"Barnesville, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Barnum](/wiki/Barnum%2C_Denver \"Barnum, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Barnum](/wiki/Barnum%2C_Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Barnum, Gunnison County, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Barnum West](/wiki/Barnum_West%2C_Denver \"Barnum West, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Barr](/wiki/Barr_Lake%2C_Colorado \"Barr Lake, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Barr Lake](/wiki/Barr_Lake%2C_Colorado \"Barr Lake, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Barry](/wiki/Barry%2C_Colorado \"Barry, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bartlett](/wiki/Bartlett%2C_Colorado \"Bartlett, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Barton](/wiki/Barton%2C_Colorado \"Barton, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Basalt](/wiki/Basalt%2C_Colorado \"Basalt, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n[home rule town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\")\n\n| [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n|[Bashor](/wiki/Bashor%2C_Colorado \"Bashor, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Basin](/wiki/Basin%2C_Colorado \"Basin, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bassetts Mill](/wiki/Bassetts_Mill%2C_Colorado \"Bassetts Mill, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Bassick |\n Custer |\nsee [Querida](/wiki/Querida%2C_Colorado \"Querida, Colorado\")\n|[Bath](/wiki/Bath%2C_Colorado \"Bath, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Battle Creek](/wiki/Battle_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Battle Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Battlement Mesa](/wiki/Battlement_Mesa%2C_Colorado \"Battlement Mesa, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Baxter](/wiki/Baxter%2C_Colorado \"Baxter, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Baxterville](/wiki/Baxterville%2C_Colorado \"Baxterville, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bayfield](/wiki/Bayfield%2C_Colorado \"Bayfield, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Bayou Hills](/wiki/Bayou_Hills%2C_Colorado \"Bayou Hills, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Beacon](/wiki/Beacon%2C_Colorado \"Beacon, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beacon Hill](/wiki/Beacon_Hill%2C_Colorado \"Beacon Hill, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bear Cañon](/wiki/Bear_Ca%C3%B1on%2C_Colorado \"Bear Cañon, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bear Canyon](/wiki/Bear_Canyon%2C_Colorado \"Bear Canyon, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bear River](/wiki/Bear_River%2C_Colorado \"Bear River, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bear Valley](/wiki/Bear_Valley%2C_Denver \"Bear Valley, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n\n|[Bear Valley Heights](/wiki/Bear_Valley_Heights%2C_Denver \"Bear Valley Heights, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n\n|[Bearcreek](/wiki/Bearcreek%2C_Colorado \"Bearcreek, Colorado\")\n\n [Montezuma](/wiki/Montezuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Montezuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beards Corner](/wiki/Beards_Corner%2C_Colorado \"Beards Corner, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Beartown](/wiki/Beartown%2C_Colorado \"Beartown, Colorado\")\n\n [San Juan](/wiki/San_Juan_County%2C_Colorado \"San Juan County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Beaty](/wiki/Beaty%2C_Colorado \"Beaty, Colorado\")\n\n [Dolores](/wiki/Dolores_County%2C_Colorado \"Dolores County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beaver](/wiki/Beaver%2C_Colorado \"Beaver, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beaver Brook](/wiki/Beaver_Brook%2C_Colorado \"Beaver Brook, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beaver Creek](/wiki/Beaver_Creek%2C_Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Beaver Creek, Arapahoe County, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beaver Creek (1862\\)](/wiki/Beaver_Creek%2C_Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Beaver Creek, Fremont County, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beaver Creek (1883\\)](/wiki/Beaver%2C_Colorado \"Beaver, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beaver Creek Village](/wiki/Beaver_Creek_Village%2C_Colorado \"Beaver Creek Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Beaver Point](/wiki/Beaver_Point%2C_Colorado \"Beaver Point, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Beaverton](/wiki/Beaverton%2C_Colorado \"Beaverton, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beck Sand Draw Crossing](/wiki/Beck_Sand_Draw_Crossing%2C_Colorado \"Beck Sand Draw Crossing, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bedrock](/wiki/Bedrock%2C_Colorado \"Bedrock, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Bee |\n Kiowa |\nsee [Sheridan Lake](/wiki/Sheridan_Lake%2C_Colorado \"Sheridan Lake, Colorado\")\n\n Beecher |\n Yuma |\nsee [Beecher Island](/wiki/Beecher_Island%2C_Colorado \"Beecher Island, Colorado\")\n|[Beecher Island](/wiki/Beecher_Island%2C_Colorado \"Beecher Island, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Belcaro](/wiki/Belcaro%2C_Denver \"Belcaro, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Belden](/wiki/Belden%2C_Colorado \"Belden, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Belford](/wiki/Belford%2C_Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Belford, Clear Creek County, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Belford](/wiki/Belford%2C_Hinsdale_County%2C_Colorado \"Belford, Hinsdale County, Colorado\")\n\n [Hinsdale](/wiki/Hinsdale_County%2C_Colorado \"Hinsdale County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Belle Monte](/wiki/Belle_Monte%2C_Colorado \"Belle Monte, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Belleview](/wiki/Belleview%2C_Colorado \"Belleview, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Bellevue |\n Jefferson |\nsee [Shaffers Crossing](/wiki/Shaffers_Crossing%2C_Colorado \"Shaffers Crossing, Colorado\")\n|[Bellevue Acres](/wiki/Bellevue_Acres%2C_Colorado \"Bellevue Acres, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bellvue](/wiki/Bellvue%2C_Colorado \"Bellvue, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Belmar](/wiki/Belmar%2C_Lakewood%2C_Colorado \"Belmar, Lakewood, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Lakewood](/wiki/Lakewood%2C_Colorado \"Lakewood, Colorado\") [neighborhood](/wiki/Neighbourhood \"Neighbourhood\") |\n |\n |\n|[Belmont](/wiki/Belmont%2C_Pueblo%2C_Colorado \"Belmont, Pueblo, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo, Colorado\") [post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beloit](/wiki/Beloit%2C_Colorado \"Beloit, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Benko](/wiki/Benko%2C_Colorado \"Benko, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Bennet |\n Adams |\nsee [Bennett](/wiki/Bennett%2C_Colorado \"Bennett, Colorado\")\n|[Bennet Springs](/wiki/Bennet_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Bennet Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bennett](/wiki/Bennett%2C_Colorado \"Bennett, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n[statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\")\n\n| [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n|[Bent Canyon](/wiki/Bent_Canyon%2C_Colorado \"Bent Canyon, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Benton](/wiki/Benton%2C_Colorado \"Benton, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Bent's Fort |\n Otero |\nsee [Bent's Old Fort](/wiki/Bent%27s_Old_Fort \"Bent's Old Fort\")\n|[Bent's New Fort](/wiki/Bent%27s_New_Fort \"Bent's New Fort\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bent's Old Fort](/wiki/Bent%27s_Old_Fort \"Bent's Old Fort\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Bent's Second Fort |\n Bent |\nsee [Bent's New Fort](/wiki/Bent%27s_New_Fort \"Bent's New Fort\")\n\n Bergdorf |\n Weld |\nsee [Ault](/wiki/Ault%2C_Colorado \"Ault, Colorado\")\n|[Bergen Park](/wiki/Bergen_Park%2C_Colorado \"Bergen Park, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Berkeley](/wiki/Berkeley%2C_Denver \"Berkeley, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Berkeley Gardens](/wiki/Berkeley_Gardens%2C_Colorado \"Berkeley Gardens, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Berkley](/wiki/Berkley%2C_Colorado \"Berkley, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Berkley |\n Denver |\nsee [Berkeley, Denver](/wiki/Berkeley%2C_Denver \"Berkeley, Denver\")\n|[Bernard](/wiki/Bernard%2C_Colorado \"Bernard, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bernice](/wiki/Bernice%2C_Colorado \"Bernice, Colorado\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Berry](/wiki/Berry%2C_Colorado \"Berry, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Berthoud](/wiki/Berthoud%2C_Colorado \"Berthoud, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n[statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\")\n\n| [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n|[Berthoud Falls](/wiki/Berthoud_Falls%2C_Colorado \"Berthoud Falls, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Berts Corner](/wiki/Berts_Corner%2C_Colorado \"Berts Corner, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Berwind](/wiki/Berwind%2C_Colorado \"Berwind, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Beshoar](/wiki/Beshoar%2C_Colorado \"Beshoar, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Beta](/wiki/Beta%2C_Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Beta, Logan County, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Beta](/wiki/Beta%2C_Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Beta, Prowers County, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bethesda](/wiki/Bethesda%2C_Colorado \"Bethesda, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bethune](/wiki/Bethune%2C_Colorado \"Bethune, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n Beuck |\n Elbert |\nsee [Buick](/wiki/Buick%2C_Colorado \"Buick, Colorado\")\n|[Beulah](/wiki/Beulah%2C_Colorado \"Beulah, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Beulah Valley](/wiki/Beulah_Valley%2C_Colorado \"Beulah Valley, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Beverly Hills](/wiki/Beverly_Hills%2C_Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Beverly Hills, Douglas County, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Biedell](/wiki/Biedell%2C_Colorado \"Biedell, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Big Bend](/wiki/Big_Bend%2C_Colorado \"Big Bend, Colorado\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Big Elk |\n Boulder |\nsee [Big Elk Meadows](/wiki/Big_Elk_Meadows%2C_Colorado \"Big Elk Meadows, Colorado\")\n|[Big Elk Meadows](/wiki/Big_Elk_Meadows%2C_Colorado \"Big Elk Meadows, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n[unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\")\n\n| [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n|[Big Sandy](/wiki/Big_Sandy%2C_Colorado \"Big Sandy, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Big Thompson |\n Larimer |\nsee [Fort Namaqua](/wiki/Fort_Namaqua \"Fort Namaqua\")\n|[Bighorn](/wiki/Bighorn%2C_Eagle_County%2C_Colorad \"Bighorn, Eagle County, Colorad\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Bighorn](/wiki/Bighorn%2C_Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Bighorn, Jackson County, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Biglow](/wiki/Biglow%2C_Colorado \"Biglow, Colorado\")\n\n [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bijou](/wiki/Bijou%2C_Colorado \"Bijou, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bijou Basin](/wiki/Bijou_Basin%2C_Colorado \"Bijou Basin, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bijou View](/wiki/Bijou_View%2C_Colorado \"Bijou View, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bijouview](/wiki/Bijouview%2C_Colorado \"Bijouview, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bird](/wiki/Bird%2C_Colorado \"Bird, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Birdseye](/wiki/Birdseye%2C_Colorado \"Birdseye, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham%2C_Colorado \"Birmingham, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bismark](/wiki/Bismark%2C_Colorado \"Bismark, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bittner](/wiki/Bittner%2C_Colorado \"Bittner, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Black Eagle Mill](/wiki/Black_Eagle_Mill%2C_Colorado \"Black Eagle Mill, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Black Forest](/wiki/Black_Forest%2C_Colorado \"Black Forest, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Black Hawk](/wiki/Black_Hawk%2C_Colorado \"Black Hawk, Colorado\")\n\n [Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n Black Hawk Point |\n Gilpin |\nsee [Black Hawk](/wiki/Black_Hawk%2C_Colorado \"Black Hawk, Colorado\")\n|[Black Hawk](/wiki/Black_Hawk%2C_Colorado \"Black Hawk, Colorado\")\n\n [Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n |\n|[Black Hollow Junction](/wiki/Black_Hollow_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Black Hollow Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Black Mountain](/wiki/Black_Mountain%2C_Colorado \"Black Mountain, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Black Wolf](/wiki/Black_Wolf%2C_Colorado \"Black Wolf, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Blackburn](/wiki/Blackburn%2C_Colorado \"Blackburn, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Blackhawk |\n Gilpin |\nsee [Black Hawk](/wiki/Black_Hawk%2C_Colorado \"Black Hawk, Colorado\")\n|[Blackwell](/wiki/Blackwell%2C_Colorado \"Blackwell, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Blaine](/wiki/Blaine%2C_Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Blaine, Baca County, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Blaine](/wiki/Blaine%2C_Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Blaine, Eagle County, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Blainvale](/wiki/Blainvale%2C_Colorado \"Blainvale, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Blakeland](/wiki/Blakeland%2C_Colorado \"Blakeland, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Blanca](/wiki/Blanca%2C_Colorado \"Blanca, Colorado\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Bland](/wiki/Bland%2C_Colorado \"Bland, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Blende](/wiki/Blende%2C_Colorado \"Blende, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Bloom](/wiki/Bloom%2C_Colorado \"Bloom, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Blue Mountain](/wiki/Blue_Mountain%2C_Colorado \"Blue Mountain, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Blue River](/wiki/Blue_River%2C_Colorado \"Blue River, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Blue Sky](/wiki/Blue_Sky%2C_Colorado \"Blue Sky, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Blue Valley](/wiki/Blue_Valley%2C_Colorado \"Blue Valley, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Blumenau |\n Custer |\nsee [Colfax](/wiki/Colfax%2C_Colorado \"Colfax, Colorado\")\n|[Boaz](/wiki/Boaz%2C_Colorado \"Boaz, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bockman Lumber Camp](/wiki/Bockman_Lumber_Camp%2C_Colorado \"Bockman Lumber Camp, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Boggsville](/wiki/Boggsville%2C_Colorado \"Boggsville, Colorado\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Boiler](/wiki/Boiler%2C_Colorado \"Boiler, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bolton](/wiki/Bolton%2C_Colorado \"Bolton, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bonanza](/wiki/Bonanza%2C_Colorado \"Bonanza, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n Bonanza City |\n Saguache |\nsee [Bonanza](/wiki/Bonanza%2C_Colorado \"Bonanza, Colorado\")\n|[Bonanza Mountain Estates](/wiki/Bonanza_Mountain_Estates%2C_Colorado \"Bonanza Mountain Estates, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Boncarbo](/wiki/Boncarbo%2C_Colorado \"Boncarbo, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bond](/wiki/Bond%2C_Colorado \"Bond, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bond](/wiki/Bond%2C_Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Bond, Lake County, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bondad](/wiki/Bondad%2C_Colorado \"Bondad, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bonita](/wiki/Bonita%2C_Colorado \"Bonita, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bonito](/wiki/Bonito%2C_Colorado \"Bonito, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bonny](/wiki/Bonny%2C_Colorado \"Bonny, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Boone](/wiki/Boone%2C_Colorado \"Boone, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n Booneville |\n Pueblo |\nsee [Boone](/wiki/Boone%2C_Colorado \"Boone, Colorado\")\n|[Bordenville](/wiki/Bordenville%2C_Colorado \"Bordenville, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Boreas](/wiki/Boreas%2C_Colorado \"Boreas, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Boston](/wiki/Boston%2C_Colorado \"Boston, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Boston Heights](/wiki/Boston_Heights%2C_Colorado \"Boston Heights, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Boulder](/wiki/Boulder%2C_Colorado \"Boulder, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n Boulder City |\n Boulder |\nsee [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder%2C_Colorado \"Boulder, Colorado\")\n|[Boulder Junction](/wiki/Boulder_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Boulder Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [Boulder neighborhood](/wiki/Boulder%2C_Colorado \"Boulder, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Bountiful](/wiki/Bountiful%2C_Colorado \"Bountiful, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bovina](/wiki/Bovina%2C_Colorado \"Bovina, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bow Mar](/wiki/Bow_Mar%2C_Colorado \"Bow Mar, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n[statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\")\n\n| [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n|[Bowen](/wiki/Bowen%2C_Colorado_%28Las_Animas_County%29 \"Bowen, Colorado (Las Animas County)\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bowen](/wiki/Bowen%2C_Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Bowen, Rio Grande County, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bowenton](/wiki/Bowenton%2C_Colorado \"Bowenton, Colorado\")\n\n [Mineral](/wiki/Mineral_County%2C_Colorado \"Mineral County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bowerman](/wiki/Bowerman%2C_Colorado \"Bowerman, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bowie](/wiki/Bowie%2C_Colorado \"Bowie, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bowman](/wiki/Bowman%2C_Colorado \"Bowman, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bowser](/wiki/Bowser%2C_Colorado \"Bowser, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Box Elder (1876\\)](/wiki/Bristol%2C_Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Bristol, Larimer County, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Box Elder (1884\\)](/wiki/Boxelder%2C_Colorado \"Boxelder, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Box Prairie](/wiki/Box_Prairie%2C_Colorado \"Box Prairie, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Boxelder](/wiki/Boxelder%2C_Colorado \"Boxelder, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Boyero](/wiki/Boyero%2C_Colorado \"Boyero, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bracewell](/wiki/Bracewell%2C_Colorado \"Bracewell, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Braddock](/wiki/Braddock%2C_Colorado \"Braddock, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bradford](/wiki/Bradford%2C_Colorado \"Bradford, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bragdon](/wiki/Bragdon%2C_Colorado \"Bragdon, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Brandon](/wiki/Brandon%2C_Colorado \"Brandon, Colorado\")\n\n [Kiowa](/wiki/Kiowa_County%2C_Colorado \"Kiowa County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Brandywine](/wiki/Brandywine%2C_Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Brandywine, Broomfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Broomfield](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n [Broomfield neighborhood](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Branson](/wiki/Branson%2C_Colorado \"Branson, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Brazil](/wiki/Brazil%2C_Colorado \"Brazil, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Breckenridge](/wiki/Breckenridge%2C_Colorado \"Breckenridge, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n Breckinridge |\n Summit |\nsee [Breckenridge](/wiki/Breckenridge%2C_Colorado \"Breckenridge, Colorado\")\n|[Breen](/wiki/Breen%2C_Colorado \"Breen, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Brewster](/wiki/Brewster%2C_Colorado \"Brewster, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Briargate](/wiki/Briargate%2C_Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Briargate, Colorado Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [Colorado Springs](/wiki/Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Colorado Springs, Colorado\") [neighborhood](/wiki/Neighbourhood \"Neighbourhood\") |\n |\n |\n|[Brick Center](/wiki/Brick_Center%2C_Colorado \"Brick Center, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Bridgeport](/wiki/Bridgeport%2C_Colorado \"Bridgeport, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bridges Switch](/wiki/Bridges_Switch%2C_Colorado \"Bridges Switch, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bridle Dale](/wiki/Bridle_Dale%2C_Colorado \"Bridle Dale, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Briggsdale](/wiki/Briggsdale%2C_Colorado \"Briggsdale, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Brighton](/wiki/Brighton%2C_Colorado \"Brighton, Colorado\")\n\n[Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\")\n\n[home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\")\n\n| [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n|[Brightside](/wiki/Brightside%2C_Colorado \"Brightside, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Brimstone Corner](/wiki/Brimstone_Corner%2C_Colorado \"Brimstone Corner, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bristol](/wiki/Bristol%2C_Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Bristol, Larimer County, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bristol](/wiki/Bristol%2C_Colorado \"Bristol, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Broadlands](/wiki/Broadlands%2C_Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broadlands, Broomfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Broomfield](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n [Broomfield neighborhood](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Broadlands West](/wiki/Broadlands_West%2C_Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broadlands West, Broomfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Broomfield](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n [Broomfield neighborhood](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Broadmoor](/wiki/Broadmoor%2C_Colorado \"Broadmoor, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [Colorado Springs neighborhood](/wiki/Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Colorado Springs, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Broadway Estates](/wiki/Broadway_Estates%2C_Colorado \"Broadway Estates, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Centennial neighborhood](/wiki/Centennial%2C_Colorado \"Centennial, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Brodhead](/wiki/Brodhead%2C_Colorado \"Brodhead, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Broken Arrow Acres](/wiki/Broken_Arrow_Acres%2C_Colorado \"Broken Arrow Acres, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Bronquist](/wiki/Bronquist%2C_Colorado \"Bronquist, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Brook Forest](/wiki/Brook_Forest%2C_Colorado \"Brook Forest, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n[census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\")\n\n| [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n|[Brookfield](/wiki/Brookfield%2C_Colorado \"Brookfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Brookside](/wiki/Brookside%2C_Colorado \"Brookside, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Brookston](/wiki/Brookston%2C_Colorado \"Brookston, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Brookvale](/wiki/Brookvale%2C_Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Brookvale, Arapahoe County, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Brookvale](/wiki/Brookvale%2C_Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Brookvale, Clear Creek County, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Broomfield](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Broomfield](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n [consolidated city and county](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Consolidated_city_and_county \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Consolidated city and county\") |\n |\n\n|[Broomfield Heights](/wiki/Broomfield_Heights%2C_Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield Heights, Broomfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Broomfield](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n [Broomfield neighborhood](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Broughton](/wiki/Broughton%2C_Colorado \"Broughton, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Brown |\n Montrose |\nsee [Olathe](/wiki/Olathe%2C_Colorado \"Olathe, Colorado\")\n|[Brown Cañon](/wiki/Brown_Ca%C3%B1on%2C_Colorado \"Brown Cañon, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Brownlee](/wiki/Brownlee%2C_Colorado \"Brownlee, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Browns Canon](/wiki/Browns_Canon%2C_Colorado \"Browns Canon, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Brown's Canyon](/wiki/Brown_Ca%C3%B1on%2C_Colorado \"Brown Cañon, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Browns Corner](/wiki/Browns_Corner%2C_Colorado \"Browns Corner, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Brownsville](/wiki/Brownsville%2C_Colorado \"Brownsville, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Brownville](/wiki/Brownville%2C_Colorado \"Brownville, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Broyles](/wiki/Broyles%2C_Colorado \"Broyles, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bruce](/wiki/Bruce%2C_Colorado \"Bruce, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Brumley](/wiki/Brumley%2C_Colorado \"Brumley, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Brunker](/wiki/Brunker%2C_Colorado \"Brunker, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Brush](/wiki/Brush%2C_Colorado \"Brush, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_city \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory city\") |\n |\n\n|[Bryant](/wiki/Bryant%2C_Colorado \"Bryant, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Buchanan](/wiki/Buchanan%2C_Colorado \"Buchanan, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Buckeye](/wiki/Buckeye%2C_Colorado \"Buckeye, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Buckeye Crossroads](/wiki/Buckeye_Crossroads%2C_Colorado \"Buckeye Crossroads, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Buckhorn](/wiki/Buckhorn%2C_Colorado \"Buckhorn, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Buckingham](/wiki/Buckingham%2C_Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Buckingham, Aurora, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") [neighborhood](/wiki/Neighbourhood \"Neighbourhood\") |\n |\n |\n|[Buckingham](/wiki/Buckingham%2C_Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Buckingham, Larimer County, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [Fort Collins neighborhood](/wiki/Fort_Collins%2C_Colorado \"Fort Collins, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Buckingham](/wiki/Buckingham%2C_Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Buckingham, Weld County, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Buckley |\n Baca |\nsee [Lycan](/wiki/Lycan%2C_Colorado \"Lycan, Colorado\")\n|[Buckley Space Force Base](/wiki/Buckley_Space_Force_Base \"Buckley Space Force Base\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [U.S. Space Force](/wiki/United_States_Space_Force \"United States Space Force\") |\n |\n |\n\n Buckskin |\n Park |\nsee [Buckskin Joe, Park County](/wiki/Buckskin_Joe%2C_Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Buckskin Joe, Park County, Colorado\")\n|[Buckskin Joe](/wiki/Buckskin_Joe%2C_Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Buckskin Joe, Fremont County, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Buckskin Joe](/wiki/Buckskin_Joe%2C_Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Buckskin Joe, Park County, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Buda](/wiki/Buda%2C_Colorado \"Buda, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Buena Vista](/wiki/Buena_Vista%2C_Colorado \"Buena Vista, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n Buffalo |\n Logan |\nsee [Merino](/wiki/Merino%2C_Colorado \"Merino, Colorado\")\n|[Buffalo Creek](/wiki/Buffalo_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Buffalo Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Buffalo Springs](/wiki/Buffalo_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Buffalo Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Buffer](/wiki/Buffer%2C_Colorado \"Buffer, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Buford](/wiki/Buford%2C_Colorado \"Buford, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Blanco](/wiki/Rio_Blanco_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Blanco County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Buick](/wiki/Buick%2C_Colorado \"Buick, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bulger](/wiki/Bulger%2C_Colorado \"Bulger, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Bulkley](/wiki/Bulkley%2C_Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Bulkley, Boulder County, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bulkley](/wiki/Bulkley%2C_Colorado \"Bulkley, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bunce](/wiki/Bunce%2C_Colorado \"Bunce, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bunell](/wiki/Bunell%2C_Colorado \"Bunell, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bunyan](/wiki/Bunyan%2C_Colorado \"Bunyan, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Burdett](/wiki/Burdett%2C_Colorado \"Burdett, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Burlington](/wiki/Burlington%2C_Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Burlington, Boulder County, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Burlington](/wiki/Burlington%2C_Colorado \"Burlington, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Burning Tree Ranch](/wiki/Burning_Tree_Ranch%2C_Colorado \"Burning Tree Ranch, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Burns](/wiki/Burns%2C_Colorado \"Burns, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Burnt Mill](/wiki/Burnt_Mill%2C_Colorado \"Burnt Mill, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Burrows Park](/wiki/White_Cross%2C_Colorado \"White Cross, Colorado\")\n\n [Hinsdale](/wiki/Hinsdale_County%2C_Colorado \"Hinsdale County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Burt](/wiki/Burt%2C_Colorado \"Burt, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Bush](/wiki/Bush%2C_Colorado \"Bush, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Busk](/wiki/Busk%2C_Colorado \"Busk, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Buster](/wiki/Buster%2C_Colorado \"Buster, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Butler](/wiki/Butler%2C_Colorado \"Butler, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Butte Valley (1869\\)](/wiki/Butte_Valley%2C_Colorado_%281869%29 \"Butte Valley, Colorado (1869)\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Butte Valley (1938\\)](/wiki/Butte_Valley%2C_Colorado_%281938%29 \"Butte Valley, Colorado (1938)\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Buttes](/wiki/Buttes%2C_Colorado \"Buttes, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [Fountain neighborhood](/wiki/Fountain%2C_Colorado \"Fountain, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Buzzard's Roost |\n Custer |\nsee [Fort Le Duc](/wiki/Fort_Le_Duc \"Fort Le Duc\")\n|[Byers](/wiki/Byers%2C_Colorado \"Byers, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n",
"C\n-\n\nSelect the [OpenStreetMap](/wiki/OpenStreetMap \"OpenStreetMap\") link at the right to view the location of places in this section.\n\n|[Place](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[County](/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Colorado \"List of counties in Colorado\")\n\n[Type](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[Location](/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system \"Geographic coordinate system\")\n\n[Elevation](/wiki/Elevation \"Elevation\")\n\n|[Cabin Creek](/wiki/Cabin_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Cabin Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Cable |\n Lincoln |\nsee [Genoa](/wiki/Genoa%2C_Colorado \"Genoa, Colorado\")\n|[Cacharas](/wiki/Cucharas%2C_Colorado \"Cucharas, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Caddoa](/wiki/Caddoa%2C_Colorado \"Caddoa, Colorado\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Cadet |\n El Paso |\nsee the [United States Air Force Academy](/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy \"United States Air Force Academy\")\n|[Cahone](/wiki/Cahone%2C_Colorado \"Cahone, Colorado\")\n\n [Dolores](/wiki/Dolores_County%2C_Colorado \"Dolores County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Caisson](/wiki/Caisson%2C_Colorado \"Caisson, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Calcite](/wiki/Calcite%2C_Colorado \"Calcite, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Calcium |\n Pitkin |\nsee [Thomasville](/wiki/Thomasville%2C_Colorado \"Thomasville, Colorado\")\n|[Calhan](/wiki/Calhan%2C_Colorado \"Calhan, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Calhoun](/wiki/Calhoun%2C_Colorado \"Calhoun, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n California Ranch |\n Douglas |\nsee [Franktown](/wiki/Franktown%2C_Colorado \"Franktown, Colorado\")\n|[Calumet](/wiki/Calumet%2C_Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Calumet, Chaffee County, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Calumet](/wiki/Calumet%2C_Colorado \"Calumet, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area \"Unincorporated area\") |\n |\n |\n\n Calvert |\n Logan |\nsee [Fleming](/wiki/Fleming%2C_Colorado \"Fleming, Colorado\")\n|[Camargo](/wiki/Camargo%2C_Colorado \"Camargo, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cambridge Park](/wiki/Cambridge_Park%2C_Colorado \"Cambridge Park, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Lakewood neighborhood](/wiki/Lakewood%2C_Colorado \"Lakewood, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Camden](/wiki/Camden%2C_Colorado \"Camden, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cameo](/wiki/Cameo%2C_Colorado \"Cameo, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cameo Estates](/wiki/Cameo_Estates%2C_Colorado \"Cameo Estates, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cameron](/wiki/Cameron%2C_Colorado \"Cameron, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cameville](/wiki/Cameville%2C_Colorado \"Cameville, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Camfield](/wiki/Camfield%2C_Colorado \"Camfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Camp Amache |\n Prowers |\nsee [Amache National Historic Site](/wiki/Amache_National_Historic_Site \"Amache National Historic Site\")\n\n Camp at Animas City |\n La Plata |\nsee [Fort Flagler](/wiki/Fort_Flagler_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Flagler (Colorado)\")\n\n Camp at White River |\n Rio Blanco |\nsee [Fort Meeker](/wiki/Fort_Meeker \"Fort Meeker\")\n|[Camp Bird](/wiki/Camp_Bird%2C_Colorado \"Camp Bird, Colorado\")\n\n [Ouray](/wiki/Ouray_County%2C_Colorado \"Ouray County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Camp Carson |\n El Paso |\nsee [Fort Carson](/wiki/Fort_Carson \"Fort Carson\")\n\n Camp Collins |\n Larimer |\nsee [Fort Collins](/wiki/Camp_Collins \"Camp Collins\")\n|[Camp Genter](/wiki/Camp_Genter%2C_Colorado \"Camp Genter, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Camp Hale](/wiki/Camp_Hale \"Camp Hale\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army post](/wiki/United_States_Army \"United States Army\") |\n |\n\n Camp Rankin |\n Sedgwick |\nsee [Fort Sedgwick](/wiki/Fort_Sedgwick \"Fort Sedgwick\")\n|[Camp Shumway](/wiki/Camp_Shumway%2C_Colorado \"Camp Shumway, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Camp Speer](/wiki/Camp_Speer%2C_Colorado \"Camp Speer, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Camp Tyler |\n Morgan |\nsee [Fort Morgan](/wiki/Fort_Morgan_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Morgan (Colorado)\")\n\n Camp Wardwell |\n Morgan |\nsee [Fort Morgan](/wiki/Fort_Morgan_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Morgan (Colorado)\")\n\n Camp Weld |\n Denver |\nsee [Fort Weld](/wiki/Fort_Weld \"Fort Weld\")\n|[Campbelltown](/wiki/Campbelltown%2C_Colorado \"Campbelltown, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Campbird |\n Ouray |\nsee [Camp Bird](/wiki/Camp_Bird%2C_Colorado \"Camp Bird, Colorado\")\n|[Campion](/wiki/Campion%2C_Colorado \"Campion, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Campo](/wiki/Campo%2C_Colorado \"Campo, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Canadian](/wiki/Canadian%2C_Colorado \"Canadian, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Candelas](/wiki/Candelas%2C_Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Candelas, Arvada, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") [neighborhood](/wiki/Neighbourhood \"Neighbourhood\") |\n |\n |\n|[Candlelight](/wiki/Candlelight%2C_Colorado \"Candlelight, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Canfield](/wiki/Canfield%2C_Colorado \"Canfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cañon](/wiki/Ca%C3%B1on%2C_Colorado \"Cañon, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cañon City](/wiki/Ca%C3%B1on_City%2C_Colorado \"Cañon City, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n Canon City |\n Fremont |\nsee [Cañon City](/wiki/Ca%C3%B1on_City%2C_Colorado \"Cañon City, Colorado\")\n|[Canton](/wiki/Canton%2C_Colorado \"Canton, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Cantonment at Pagosa Springs |\n Archuleta |\nsee [Fort Lewis (1878\\-1880\\)](/wiki/Fort_Lewis_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Lewis (Colorado)\")\n\n Cantonment at Uncompahgre |\n Montrose |\nsee [Fort Crawford](/wiki/Fort_Crawford_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Crawford (Colorado)\")\n\n Cantonment on White River |\n Rio Blanco |\nsee [Fort Meeker](/wiki/Fort_Meeker \"Fort Meeker\")\n\n Canyon City |\n Fremont |\nsee [Cañon City](/wiki/Ca%C3%B1on_City%2C_Colorado \"Cañon City, Colorado\")\n|[Capers Spur](/wiki/Capers_Spur%2C_Colorado \"Capers Spur, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Capitol City](/wiki/Capitol_City%2C_Colorado \"Capitol City, Colorado\")\n\n [Hinsdale](/wiki/Hinsdale_County%2C_Colorado \"Hinsdale County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Capitol Hill](/wiki/Capitol_Hill%2C_Denver \"Capitol Hill, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Capps](/wiki/Capps%2C_Colorado \"Capps, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Capulin](/wiki/Capulin%2C_Colorado \"Capulin, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Carbon Junction](/wiki/Carbon_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Carbon Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Carbonate](/wiki/Carbonate%2C_Colorado \"Carbonate, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Carbonateville](/wiki/Carbonateville%2C_Colorado \"Carbonateville, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carbondale](/wiki/Carbondale%2C_Colorado \"Carbondale, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Carbonera](/wiki/Carbonera%2C_Colorado \"Carbonera, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cardiff](/wiki/Cardiff%2C_Colorado \"Cardiff, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cardinal](/wiki/Cardinal%2C_Colorado \"Cardinal, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Carey](/wiki/Carey%2C_Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Carey, Kit Carson County, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carey](/wiki/Carey%2C_Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Carey, Pitkin County, Colorado\")\n\n [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Caribou](/wiki/Caribou%2C_Colorado \"Caribou, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Caribou City](/wiki/Caribou_City%2C_Colorado \"Caribou City, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Carlisle](/wiki/Carlisle%2C_Colorado \"Carlisle, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carlton](/wiki/Carlton%2C_Colorado \"Carlton, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Carmel](/wiki/Carmel%2C_Colorado \"Carmel, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carmody Estates](/wiki/Carmody_Estates%2C_Colorado \"Carmody Estates, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Lakewood neighborhood](/wiki/Lakewood%2C_Colorado \"Lakewood, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Carnero](/wiki/Carnero%2C_Colorado \"Carnero, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carpenter](/wiki/Carpenter%2C_Colorado \"Carpenter, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carr](/wiki/Carr%2C_Colorado \"Carr, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Carr Crossing](/wiki/Carr_Crossing%2C_Colorado \"Carr Crossing, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carracas](/wiki/Carracas%2C_Colorado \"Carracas, Colorado\")\n\n [Archuleta](/wiki/Archuleta_County%2C_Colorado \"Archuleta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Carriage Club](/wiki/Carriage_Club%2C_Colorado \"Carriage Club, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Carriso |\n Baca |\nsee [Carrizo](/wiki/Carrizo%2C_Colorado \"Carrizo, Colorado\")\n\n Carriso Springs |\n Baca |\nsee [Carrizo Spring](/wiki/Carrizo_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Carrizo Springs, Colorado\")\n|[Carrizo](/wiki/Carrizo%2C_Colorado \"Carrizo, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carrizo Springs](/wiki/Carrizo_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Carrizo Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Carson](/wiki/Carson%2C_Hinsdale_County%2C_Colorado \"Carson, Hinsdale County, Colorado\")\n\n [Hinsdale](/wiki/Hinsdale_County%2C_Colorado \"Hinsdale County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carson](/wiki/Carson%2C_Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Carson, Huerfano County, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carsonhart](/wiki/Carsonhart%2C_Colorado \"Carsonhart, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Carterville](/wiki/Carterville%2C_Colorado \"Carterville, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cary](/wiki/Cary%2C_Colorado \"Cary, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cary Ranch](/wiki/Cary_Ranch%2C_Colorado \"Cary Ranch, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Casa](/wiki/Casa%2C_Colorado \"Casa, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cascade](/wiki/Cascade%2C_El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"Cascade, El Paso County, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cascade](/wiki/Cascade%2C_La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"Cascade, La Plata County, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cascade\\-Chipita Park](/wiki/Cascade-Chipita_Park%2C_Colorado \"Cascade-Chipita Park, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cascade\\-Chipita Park CDP](/wiki/Cascade-Chipita_Park_CDP%2C_Colorado \"Cascade-Chipita Park CDP, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Case](/wiki/Case%2C_Colordo \"Case, Colordo\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cash Creek](/wiki/Cash_Creek%2C_Colordo \"Cash Creek, Colordo\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cashin](/wiki/Cashin%2C_Colordo \"Cashin, Colordo\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Castelar](/wiki/Castelar%2C_Colorado \"Castelar, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Castiel](/wiki/Castiel%2C_Colorado \"Castiel, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Castle |\n Eagle |\nsee [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle%2C_Colorado \"Eagle, Colorado\")\n\n Castle Forks City |\n Pitkin |\nsee [Ashcroft](/wiki/Ashcroft%2C_Colorado \"Ashcroft, Colorado\")\n|[Castle Oaks](/wiki/Castle_Oaks%2C_Colorado \"Castle Oaks, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [Castle Rock neighborhood](/wiki/Castle_Rock%2C_Colorado \"Castle Rock, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Castle Pines](/wiki/Castle_Pines%2C_Colorado \"Castle Pines, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n Castle Pines North |\n Douglas |\nsee [Castle Pines](/wiki/Castle_Pines%2C_Colorado \"Castle Pines, Colorado\")\n|[Castle Pines Village](/wiki/Castle_Pines_Village%2C_Colorado \"Castle Pines Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Castle Rock (1871\\) |\n Douglas |\nsee [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas%2C_Colorado \"Douglas, Colorado\")\n|[Castle Rock](/wiki/Castle_Rock%2C_Colorado \"Castle Rock, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Castleton](/wiki/Castleton%2C_Colorado \"Castleton, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Castlewood](/wiki/Castlewood%2C_Colorado \"Castlewood, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Centennial neighborhood](/wiki/Centennial%2C_Colorado \"Centennial, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Castlewood North](/wiki/Castlewood_North%2C_Colorado \"Castlewood North, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cathedral](/wiki/Cathedral%2C_Colorado \"Cathedral, Colorado\")\n\n [Hinsdale](/wiki/Hinsdale_County%2C_Colorado \"Hinsdale County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Catherin](/wiki/Catherin%2C_Alamosa_County%2C_Colorado \"Catherin, Alamosa County, Colorado\")\n\n [Alamosa](/wiki/Alamosa_County%2C_Colorado \"Alamosa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Catherin |\n Garfield |\nsee [Catherine](/wiki/Catherine%2C_Colorado \"Catherine, Colorado\")\n|[Catherine](/wiki/Catherine%2C_Colorado \"Catherine, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Catlin |\n Otero |\nsee [Manzanola](/wiki/Manzanola%2C_Colorado \"Manzanola, Colorado\")\n|[Cattle Creek](/wiki/Cattle_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Cattle Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cedar](/wiki/Cedar%2C_Colorado \"Cedar, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cedar Brook](/wiki/Cedar_Brook%2C_Colorado \"Cedar Brook, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cedar Cove](/wiki/Cedar_Cove%2C_Colorado \"Cedar Cove, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cedar Creek](/wiki/Cedar_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Cedar Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cedar Crest](/wiki/Cedar_Crest%2C_Colorado \"Cedar Crest, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cedar Grove](/wiki/Cedar_Grove%2C_Colorado \"Cedar Grove, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cedar Point](/wiki/Cedar_Point%2C_Colorado \"Cedar Point, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cedaredge](/wiki/Cedaredge%2C_Colorado \"Cedaredge, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Cedarhurst](/wiki/Cedarhurst%2C_Colorado \"Cedarhurst, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cedarwood](/wiki/Cedarwood%2C_Colorado \"Cedarwood, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cement Creek](/wiki/Cement_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Cement Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [San Juan](/wiki/San_Juan_County%2C_Colorado \"San Juan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Cenicero |\n Conejos |\nsee [Lobatos](/wiki/Lobatos%2C_Colorado \"Lobatos, Colorado\")\n|[Centennial](/wiki/Centennial%2C_Colorado \"Centennial, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Center](/wiki/Center%2C_Colorado \"Center, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n[statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\")\n\n| [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n\nCenterview\n\n Saguache |\nsee [Center](/wiki/Center%2C_Colorado \"Center, Colorado\")\n\n Rio Grande ||[Centerville](/wiki/Centerville%2C_Colorado \"Centerville, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Central Business District |\n Denver |\nsee [Downtown Denver](/wiki/Downtown_Denver \"Downtown Denver\")\n|[Central City](/wiki/Central_City%2C_Colorado \"Central City, Colorado\")\n\n[Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\")\n\n[home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\")\n\n| [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n|[Central Park](/wiki/Central_Park%2C_Denver \"Central Park, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Centrepoint](/wiki/Centrepoint%2C_Colorado \"Centrepoint, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Centro](/wiki/Centro%2C_Colorado \"Centro, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Chacra](/wiki/Chacra%2C_Colorado \"Chacra, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Chadsford](/wiki/Chadsford%2C_Colorado \"Chadsford, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Chaffee |\n Chaffee |\nsee [Monarch](/wiki/Monarch%2C_Colorado \"Monarch, Colorado\")\n|[Chaffee Park](/wiki/Chaffee_Park%2C_Denver \"Chaffee Park, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n\n Chalk Creek |\n Chaffee |\nsee [Nathrop](/wiki/Nathrop%2C_Colorado \"Nathrop, Colorado\")\n|[Chama](/wiki/Chama%2C_Colorado \"Chama, Colorado\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Chama](/wiki/Chama%2C_Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Chama, Huerfano County, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Chambers](/wiki/Chambers%2C_Colorado \"Chambers, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chambers Heights](/wiki/Chambers_Heights%2C_Colorado \"Chambers Heights, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Chambers Lake](/wiki/Chambers_Lake%2C_Colorado \"Chambers Lake, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chance](/wiki/Chance%2C_Colorado \"Chance, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Chandler](/wiki/Chandler%2C_Colorado \"Chandler, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Chaney](/wiki/Chaney%2C_Colorado \"Chaney, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Channing](/wiki/Channing%2C_Colorado \"Channing, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Chapel](/wiki/Graycreek%2C_Colorado \"Graycreek, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chapelton](/wiki/Chapelton%2C_Colorado \"Chapelton, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chapin](/wiki/Chapin%2C_Colorado \"Chapin, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Chapman |\n Garfield |\nsee [New Castle](/wiki/New_Castle%2C_Colorado \"New Castle, Colorado\")\n|[Chapparal](/wiki/Chapparal%2C_Colorado \"Chapparal, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Chase](/wiki/Chase%2C_Colorado \"Chase, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chattanooga](/wiki/Chattanooga%2C_Colorado \"Chattanooga, Colorado\")\n\n [San Juan](/wiki/San_Juan_County%2C_Colorado \"San Juan County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Chedsey](/wiki/Chedsey%2C_Colorado \"Chedsey, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cheeseman](/wiki/Cheeseman%2C_Colorado \"Cheeseman, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cheesman Park](/wiki/Cheesman_Park%2C_Denver \"Cheesman Park, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chemung](/wiki/Chemung%2C_Colorado \"Chemung, Colorado\")\n\n [Cheyenne](/wiki/Cheyenne_County%2C_Colorado \"Cheyenne County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cheney Center](/wiki/Cheney_Center%2C_Colorado \"Cheney Center, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chenoa](/wiki/Chenoa%2C_Colorado \"Chenoa, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chenoweth](/wiki/Chenoweth%2C_Colorado \"Chenoweth, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cheraw](/wiki/Cheraw%2C_Colorado \"Cheraw, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n Cherokee City |\n Weld |\nsee [Evans](/wiki/Evans%2C_Colorado \"Evans, Colorado\")\n|[Cherokee Park](/wiki/Cherokee_Park%2C_Colorado \"Cherokee Park, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cherrelyn](/wiki/Cherrelyn%2C_Colorado \"Cherrelyn, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cherry](/wiki/Cherry%2C_Colorado \"Cherry, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cherry Creek](/wiki/Cherry_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Cherry Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cherry Creek](/wiki/Cherry_Creek%2C_Denver \"Cherry Creek, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n\n Cherry Creek Diggings |\n Denver |\nsee [Auraria](/wiki/Auraria%2C_Denver \"Auraria, Denver\")\n|[Cherry Creek East](/wiki/Cherry_Creek_East%2C_Colorado \"Cherry Creek East, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cherry Creek Highlands](/wiki/Cherry_Creek_Highlands%2C_Colorado \"Cherry Creek Highlands, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cherry Hills Village](/wiki/Cherry_Hills_Village%2C_Colorado \"Cherry Hills Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Cherry Knolls](/wiki/Cherry_Knolls%2C_Colorado \"Cherry Knolls, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Centennial neighborhood](/wiki/Centennial%2C_Colorado \"Centennial, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cherry Ridge](/wiki/Cherry_Ridge%2C_Colorado \"Cherry Ridge, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Cherry Hills Village neighborhood](/wiki/Cherry_Hills_Village%2C_Colorado \"Cherry Hills Village, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Chester](/wiki/Chester%2C_Colorado \"Chester, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cheyenne Wells](/wiki/Cheyenne_Wells%2C_Colorado \"Cheyenne Wells, Colorado\")\n\n [Cheyenne](/wiki/Cheyenne_County%2C_Colorado \"Cheyenne County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Chicosa](/wiki/Chicosa%2C_Colorado \"Chicosa, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chihuahua](/wiki/Chihuahua%2C_Colorado \"Chihuahua, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chilcott](/wiki/Chilcott%2C_Colorado \"Chilcott, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chimney Rock](/wiki/Chimney_Rock%2C_Colorado \"Chimney Rock, Colorado\")\n\n [Archuleta](/wiki/Archuleta_County%2C_Colorado \"Archuleta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Chipeta](/wiki/Chipeta%2C_Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Chipeta, Delta County, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Chipeta |\n Montrose |\nsee [Naturita](/wiki/Naturita%2C_Colorado \"Naturita, Colorado\")\n|[Chipeta](/wiki/Chipeta%2C_Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Chipeta, Pitkin County, Colorado\")\n\n [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Chipita Park](/wiki/Chipita_Park%2C_Colorado \"Chipita Park, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Chivington](/wiki/Chivington%2C_Colorado \"Chivington, Colorado\")\n\n [Kiowa](/wiki/Kiowa_County%2C_Colorado \"Kiowa County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Chloride |\n Pitkin |\nsee [Ashcroft](/wiki/Ashcroft%2C_Colorado \"Ashcroft, Colorado\")\n|[Chromo](/wiki/Chromo%2C_Colorado \"Chromo, Colorado\")\n\n [Archuleta](/wiki/Archuleta_County%2C_Colorado \"Archuleta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Churchhill Downs](/wiki/Churchhill_Downs%2C_Colorado \"Churchhill Downs, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cimarron](/wiki/Cimarron%2C_Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Cimarron, Elbert County, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cimarron](/wiki/Cimarron%2C_Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Cimarron, Montrose County, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cimarron Hills](/wiki/Cimarron_Hills%2C_Colorado \"Cimarron Hills, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[City Park](/wiki/City_Park%2C_Denver \"City Park, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[City Park West](/wiki/City_Park_West%2C_Denver \"City Park West, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n\n Civic Center |\n Denver |\nsee [Denver Civic Center](/wiki/Denver_Civic_Center \"Denver Civic Center\")\n|[Clanda](/wiki/Clanda%2C_Colorado \"Clanda, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Claremont |\n Kit Carson |\nsee [Stratton](/wiki/Stratton%2C_Colorado \"Stratton, Colorado\")\n|[Clarence](/wiki/Clarence%2C_Colorado \"Clarence, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Clark](/wiki/Clark%2C_Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Clark, Routt County, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Clark](/wiki/Clark%2C_Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Clark, Weld County, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Clarke Farms](/wiki/Clarke_Farms%2C_Colorado \"Clarke Farms, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [Parker neighborhood](/wiki/Parker%2C_Colorado \"Parker, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Clarkson](/wiki/Clarkson%2C_Colorado \"Clarkson, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Clarkville](/wiki/Clarkville%2C_Colorado \"Clarkville, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Claud](/wiki/Claud%2C_Colorado \"Claud, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Clayton](/wiki/Clayton%2C_Denver \"Clayton, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Claytonia](/wiki/Claytonia%2C_Colorado \"Claytonia, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Clearwater](/wiki/Clearwater%2C_Colorado \"Clearwater, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Clemmons](/wiki/Schley%2C_Colorado \"Schley, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cleora](/wiki/Cleora%2C_Colorado \"Cleora, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Clermont](/wiki/Clermont%2C_Colorado \"Clermont, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cleveland](/wiki/Cleveland%2C_Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Cleveland, Custer County, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cleveland](/wiki/Cleveland%2C_Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Cleveland, Eagle County, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cliff](/wiki/Cliffdale%2C_Colorado \"Cliffdale, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cliffdale](/wiki/Cliffdale%2C_Colorado \"Cliffdale, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Clifford](/wiki/Clifford%2C_Colorado \"Clifford, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Clifton |\n Custer |\nsee [Westcliffe](/wiki/Westcliffe%2C_Colorado \"Westcliffe, Colorado\")\n|[Clifton](/wiki/Clifton%2C_Colorado \"Clifton, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Climax](/wiki/Climax%2C_Colorado \"Climax, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Clinton](/wiki/Clinton%2C_Colorado \"Clinton, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Clonmell](/wiki/Cramer%2C_Colorado \"Cramer, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cloud](/wiki/Cloud%2C_Colorado \"Cloud, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cloudcrest](/wiki/Cloudcrest%2C_Colorado \"Cloudcrest, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Clover](/wiki/Clover%2C_Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Clover, Huerfano County, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Clover](/wiki/Clover%2C_Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Clover, Mesa County, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cloverly](/wiki/Cloverly%2C_Colorado \"Cloverly, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Club Crest](/wiki/Club_Crest%2C_Colorado \"Club Crest, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Clyde](/wiki/Clyde%2C_Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Clyde, Baca County, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Clyde](/wiki/Clyde%2C_Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Clyde, Teller County, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Coal Creek](/wiki/Coal_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Coal Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Coal Creek CDP](/wiki/Coal_Creek%2C_Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Coal Creek, Jefferson County, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n[census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\")\n\n| [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n| [Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\") |\n|[Coal Park](/wiki/Coal_Park%2C_Colorado \"Coal Park, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Coalby](/wiki/Coalby%2C_Colorado \"Coalby, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Coalcreek |\n Fremont |\nsee [Coal Creek](/wiki/Coal_Creek%2C_Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Coal Creek, Fremont County, Colorado\")\n|[Coaldale](/wiki/Coaldale%2C_Colorado \"Coaldale, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Coalmont](/wiki/Coalmont%2C_Colorado \"Coalmont, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Coalridge](/wiki/Coalridge%2C_Colorado \"Coalridge, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Coalview](/wiki/Coalview%2C_Colorado \"Coalview, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Coburn](/wiki/Coburn%2C_Colorado \"Coburn, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cochem](/wiki/Cochem%2C_Colorado \"Cochem, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cochetopa](/wiki/Cochetopa%2C_Colorado \"Cochetopa, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cockrell](/wiki/Cockrell%2C_Colorado \"Cockrell, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Codo](/wiki/Codo%2C_Colorado \"Codo, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cody Park](/wiki/Cody_Park%2C_Colorado \"Cody Park, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cokedale](/wiki/Cokedale%2C_Colorado \"Cokedale, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Colby](/wiki/Colby%2C_Colorado \"Colby, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cold Spring](/wiki/Cold_Spring%2C_Colorado \"Cold Spring, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cole](/wiki/Cole%2C_Denver \"Cole, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cole](/wiki/Cole%2C_Colorado \"Cole, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Coleman](/wiki/Coleman%2C_Colorado \"Coleman, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Coleyville |\n Summit |\nsee [Saints John](/wiki/Saints_John%2C_Colorado \"Saints John, Colorado\")\n|[Colfax](/wiki/Colfax%2C_Colorado \"Colfax, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Colfax](/wiki/Colfax%2C_Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Colfax, Douglas County, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Colfax Village](/wiki/Colfax_Village%2C_Colorado \"Colfax Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Collbran](/wiki/Collbran%2C_Colorado \"Collbran, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[College Hills](/wiki/College_Hills%2C_Colorado \"College Hills, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [Westminster neighborhood](/wiki/Westminster%2C_Colorado \"Westminster, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[College View](/wiki/College_View%2C_Colorado \"College View, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[College View](/wiki/College_View%2C_Denver \"College View, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n\n|[College View/South Platte](/wiki/College_View/South_Platte%2C_Denver \"College View/South Platte, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[College West Estates](/wiki/College_West_Estates%2C_Colorado \"College West Estates, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Lakewood neighborhood](/wiki/Lakewood%2C_Colorado \"Lakewood, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Coloflats |\n Las Animas |\nsee [Branson](/wiki/Branson%2C_Colorado \"Branson, Colorado\")\n\n Colona |\n Larimer |\nsee [Laporte](/wiki/Laporte%2C_Colorado \"Laporte, Colorado\")\n|[Colona](/wiki/Colona%2C_Colorado \"Colona, Colorado\")\n\n [Ouray](/wiki/Ouray_County%2C_Colorado \"Ouray County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Colorado City](/wiki/Colorado_City%2C_Colorado_Territory \"Colorado City, Colorado Territory\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [territorial capital](/wiki/History_of_Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado%23Gold_rush_settlement \"History of Colorado Springs, Colorado#Gold rush settlement\") |\n |\n |\n|[Colorado City](/wiki/Colorado_City%2C_Colorado \"Colorado City, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Colorado Sierra](/wiki/Colorado_Sierra%2C_Colorado \"Colorado Sierra, Colorado\")\n\n [Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Colorado Springs](/wiki/Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Colorado Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Colorow](/wiki/Colorow%2C_Colorado \"Colorow, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Columbia |\n San Miguel |\nsee [Telluride](/wiki/Telluride%2C_Colorado \"Telluride, Colorado\")\n|[Columbine](/wiki/Columbine%2C_Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Columbine, Jefferson County, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n[census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\")\n\n| [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n|[Columbine](/wiki/Columbine%2C_Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Columbine, Routt County, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Columbine Acres](/wiki/Columbine_Acres%2C_Colorado \"Columbine Acres, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Columbine Heights](/wiki/Columbine_Heights%2C_Colorado \"Columbine Heights, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Columbine Hills](/wiki/Columbine_Hills%2C_Colorado \"Columbine Hills, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Columbine Knolls](/wiki/Columbine_Knolls%2C_Colorado \"Columbine Knolls, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Columbine Lakes](/wiki/Columbine_Lakes%2C_Colorado \"Columbine Lakes, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Columbine Manor](/wiki/Columbine_Manor%2C_Colorado \"Columbine Manor, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Columbine Valley](/wiki/Columbine_Valley%2C_Colorado \"Columbine Valley, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Columbus](/wiki/Columbus%2C_Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Columbus, Chaffee County, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Columbus](/wiki/Columbus%2C_Colorado \"Columbus, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Comanche](/wiki/Comanche%2C_Colorado \"Comanche, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Comanche Creek](/wiki/Comanche_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Comanche Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Comer](/wiki/Comer%2C_Colorado \"Comer, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Commerce City](/wiki/Commerce_City%2C_Colorado \"Commerce City, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Como](/wiki/Como%2C_Colorado \"Como, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Concrete](/wiki/Concrete%2C_Colorado \"Concrete, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Condon |\n Yuma |\nsee [Vernon](/wiki/Vernon%2C_Colorado \"Vernon, Colorado\")\n|[Conejos](/wiki/Conejos%2C_Colorado \"Conejos, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Conger](/wiki/Pallas%2C_Colorado \"Pallas, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Conger](/wiki/Argentine%2C_Colorado_%281881%29 \"Argentine, Colorado (1881)\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Congress](/wiki/Congress%2C_Colorado \"Congress, Colorado\")\n\n [San Juan](/wiki/San_Juan_County%2C_Colorado \"San Juan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Congress Park](/wiki/Congress_Park%2C_Denver \"Congress Park, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Conifer](/wiki/Conifer%2C_Colorado \"Conifer, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Conrad](/wiki/Conrad%2C_Colorado \"Conrad, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Conrow](/wiki/Conrow%2C_Colorado \"Conrow, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Consolidated](/wiki/Consolidated%2C_Colorado \"Consolidated, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Content](/wiki/Content%2C_Colorado \"Content, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cooper](/wiki/Cooper%2C_Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Cooper, Eagle County, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cooper](/wiki/Cooper%2C_Colorado \"Cooper, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cope](/wiki/Cope%2C_Colorado \"Cope, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Copper](/wiki/Ionia%2C_Colorado \"Ionia, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Copper Mountain](/wiki/Copper_Mountain%2C_Colorado \"Copper Mountain, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Copper Rock](/wiki/Copper_Rock%2C_Colorado \"Copper Rock, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Copper Spur](/wiki/Copper_Spur%2C_Colorado \"Copper Spur, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Copperdale](/wiki/Copperdale%2C_Colorado \"Copperdale, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Copperfield](/wiki/Copperfield%2C_Colorado \"Copperfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Copperton](/wiki/Copperton%2C_Colorado \"Copperton, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Coppertown](/wiki/Copper_Spur%2C_Colorado \"Copper Spur, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Coraville](/wiki/Coraville%2C_Colorado \"Coraville, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Coraville |\n Denver |\nsee [Auraria](/wiki/Auraria%2C_Denver \"Auraria, Denver\")\n|[Corcoran](/wiki/Corcoran%2C_Colorado \"Corcoran, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Cordova |\n Las Animas |\nsee [Weston](/wiki/Weston%2C_Colorado \"Weston, Colorado\")\n|[Cordova Plaza](/wiki/Cordova_Plaza%2C_Colorado \"Cordova Plaza, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Corinth](/wiki/Corinth%2C_Colorado \"Corinth, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cornelia](/wiki/Cornelia%2C_Colorado \"Cornelia, Colorado\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cornell](/wiki/Cornell%2C_Colorado \"Cornell, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cornish](/wiki/Cornish%2C_Colorado \"Cornish, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cornwall](/wiki/Cornwall%2C_Colorado \"Cornwall, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Corona](/wiki/Corona%2C_Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Corona, Grand County, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Corona |\n Morgan |\nsee [Wiggins](/wiki/Wiggins%2C_Colorado \"Wiggins, Colorado\")\n|[Corrizo](/wiki/Carrizo%2C_Colorado \"Carrizo, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cortez](/wiki/Cortez%2C_Colorado \"Cortez, Colorado\")\n\n [Montezuma](/wiki/Montezuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Montezuma County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Cortrite](/wiki/Cortrite%2C_Colorado \"Cortrite, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cory](/wiki/Cory%2C_Colorado \"Cory, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Coryell](/wiki/Stanley%2C_Colorado \"Stanley, Colorado\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cory\\-Merrill](/wiki/Cory-Merrill%2C_Denver \"Cory-Merrill, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cosden](/wiki/Cosden%2C_Colorado \"Cosden, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Costilla |\n Costilla |\nsee [Costilla, New Mexico](/wiki/Costilla%2C_New_Mexico \"Costilla, New Mexico\")\n|[Cotopaxi](/wiki/Cotopaxi%2C_Colorado \"Cotopaxi, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cotsworth](/wiki/Cotsworth%2C_Colorado \"Cotsworth, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cotton Creek](/wiki/Cotton_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Cotton Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [Westminster neighborhood](/wiki/Westminster%2C_Colorado \"Westminster, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cotton Creek](/wiki/Mirage%2C_Colorado \"Mirage, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cottonwood](/wiki/Cottonwood%2C_Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Cottonwood, Douglas County, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cottonwood](/wiki/Cottonwood%2C_Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Cottonwood, Gilpin County, Colorado\")\n\n [Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cottonwood](/wiki/Cottonwood%2C_Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Cottonwood, Saguache County, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cottonwood Springs](/wiki/Cottonwood_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Cottonwood Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Coulter](/wiki/Coulter%2C_Colorado \"Coulter, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Country Acres](/wiki/Country_Acres%2C_Colorado \"Country Acres, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Country Club](/wiki/Country_Club%2C_Denver \"Country Club, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Country Estates](/wiki/Country_Estates%2C_Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Country Estates, Broomfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Broomfield](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n [Broomfield neighborhood](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Country View Estates](/wiki/Country_View_Estates%2C_Colorado \"Country View Estates, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Country West](/wiki/Country_West%2C_Colorado \"Country West, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Countryside](/wiki/Countryside%2C_Colorado \"Countryside, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Westminster neighborhood](/wiki/Westminster%2C_Colorado \"Westminster, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cousin Springs](/wiki/Cousin_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Cousin Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Coventry](/wiki/Coventry%2C_Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Coventry, Arapahoe County, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Littleton neighborhood](/wiki/Littleton%2C_Colorado \"Littleton, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Coventry](/wiki/Coventry%2C_Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Coventry, Montrose County, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cowans](/wiki/Cowans%2C_Colorado \"Cowans, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cowdrey](/wiki/Cowdrey%2C_Colorado \"Cowdrey, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cowdrey](/wiki/Cowdrey%2C_Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Cowdrey, Larimer County, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cox](/wiki/Cox%2C_Colorado \"Cox, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cozy Corner](/wiki/Cozy_Corner%2C_Colorado \"Cozy Corner, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [Westminster neighborhood](/wiki/Westminster%2C_Colorado \"Westminster, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cragmor](/wiki/Cragmor%2C_Colorado \"Cragmor, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [Colorado Springs neighborhood](/wiki/Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Colorado Springs, Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Craig](/wiki/Craig%2C_Colorado \"Craig, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Craig Place](/wiki/Craig_Place%2C_Colorado \"Craig Place, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Craig South Highlands](/wiki/Craig_South_Highlands%2C_Colorado \"Craig South Highlands, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cramer](/wiki/Cramer%2C_Colorado \"Cramer, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crawford](/wiki/Crawford%2C_Colorado \"Crawford, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Creede](/wiki/Creede%2C_Colorado \"Creede, Colorado\")\n\n [Mineral](/wiki/Mineral_County%2C_Colorado \"Mineral County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Creedmoor](/wiki/Creedmoor%2C_Colorado \"Creedmoor, Colorado\")\n\n [Mineral](/wiki/Mineral_County%2C_Colorado \"Mineral County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crescent](/wiki/Crescent%2C_Colorado \"Crescent, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Crescent](/wiki/Crescent%2C_Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Crescent, Grand County, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crescent](/wiki/Crescent%2C_Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Crescent, Jackson County, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crescent Village](/wiki/Crescent_Village%2C_Colorado \"Crescent Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Crest](/wiki/Crest%2C_Colorado \"Crest, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crested Butte](/wiki/Crested_Butte%2C_Colorado \"Crested Butte, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Crestmont Heights](/wiki/Crestmont_Heights%2C_Colorado \"Crestmont Heights, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Crestone](/wiki/Crestone%2C_Colorado \"Crestone, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Crestview](/wiki/Crestview%2C_Colorado \"Crestview, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Crestview Villa](/wiki/Crestview_Villa%2C_Colorado \"Crestview Villa, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Creswell](/wiki/Creswell%2C_Colorado \"Creswell, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Cripple City |\n Teller |\nsee [Gillett](/wiki/Gillett%2C_Colorado \"Gillett, Colorado\")\n|[Cripple Creek](/wiki/Cripple_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Cripple Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_city \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory city\") |\n |\n\n|[Crisman](/wiki/Crisman%2C_Colorado \"Crisman, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cristonie](/wiki/Cristonie%2C_Colorado \"Cristonie, Colorado\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Critchell](/wiki/Critchell%2C_Colorado \"Critchell, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crocker](/wiki/Crocker%2C_Colorado \"Crocker, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crofton Park](/wiki/Crofton_Park%2C_Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Crofton Park, Broomfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Broomfield](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n [Broomfield neighborhood](/wiki/Broomfield%2C_Colorado \"Broomfield, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Crook](/wiki/Crook%2C_Colorado \"Crook, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Crookstown](/wiki/Crookstown%2C_Colorado \"Crookstown, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crooksville](/wiki/Crooksville%2C_Colorado \"Crooksville, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cross Creek](/wiki/Cross_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Cross Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Cross Mountain](/wiki/Cross_Mountain%2C_Colorado \"Cross Mountain, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crosson](/wiki/Crossons%2C_Colorado \"Crossons, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crossons](/wiki/Crossons%2C_Colorado \"Crossons, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Crow](/wiki/Crow%2C_Colorado \"Crow, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crowley](/wiki/Crowley%2C_Colorado \"Crowley, Colorado\")\n\n [Crowley](/wiki/Crowley_County%2C_Colorado \"Crowley County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Crows Roost](/wiki/Crows_Roost%2C_Colorado \"Crows Roost, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crystal](/wiki/Crystal%2C_Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Crystal, Gunnison County, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Crystal](/wiki/Crystal%2C_Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Crystal, Montrose County, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Crystal City |\n Gunnison |\nsee [Crystal, Gunnison County](/wiki/Crystal%2C_Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Crystal, Gunnison County, Colorado\")\n|[Crystal Lake](/wiki/Crystal_Lake%2C_Colorado \"Crystal Lake, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Crystola](/wiki/Crystola%2C_Colorado \"Crystola, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cuatro](/wiki/Cuatro%2C_Colorado \"Cuatro, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cuchara](/wiki/Cuchara%2C_Colorado \"Cuchara, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Cuchara Camps |\n Huerfano |\nsee [Cuchara](/wiki/Cuchara%2C_Colorado \"Cuchara, Colorado\")\n|[Cuchara Junction](/wiki/Cuchara_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Cuchara Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cucharas](/wiki/Cucharas%2C_Colorado \"Cucharas, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cuerin](/wiki/Cuerin%2C_Colorado \"Cuerin, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cuerna Verde Park](/wiki/Cuerna_Verde_Park%2C_Colorado \"Cuerna Verde Park, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Culp](/wiki/Culp%2C_Colorado \"Culp, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Cumbres](/wiki/Cumbres%2C_Colorado \"Cumbres, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Curran](/wiki/Curran%2C_Colorado \"Curran, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Currant](/wiki/Currant%2C_Colorado \"Currant, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Currant Creek](/wiki/Currant%2C_Colorado \"Currant, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Curtis](/wiki/Curtis%2C_El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"Curtis, El Paso County, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Curtis](/wiki/Curtis%2C_Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Curtis, Washington County, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Cyanide](/wiki/Cyanide%2C_Colorado \"Cyanide, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n",
"D\n-\n\nSelect the [OpenStreetMap](/wiki/OpenStreetMap \"OpenStreetMap\") link at the right to view the location of places in this section.\n\n|[Place](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[County](/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Colorado \"List of counties in Colorado\")\n\n[Type](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[Location](/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system \"Geographic coordinate system\")\n\n[Elevation](/wiki/Elevation \"Elevation\")\n\n|[Dacono](/wiki/Dacono%2C_Colorado \"Dacono, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n Daffodil |\n Douglas |\nsee [Deckers](/wiki/Deckers%2C_Colorado \"Deckers, Colorado\")\n|[Dailey](/wiki/Dailey%2C_Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Dailey, Garfield County, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dailey](/wiki/Dailey%2C_Colorado \"Dailey, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dakan](/wiki/Dakan%2C_Colorado \"Dakan, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dake](/wiki/Dake%2C_Colorado \"Dake, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dakota Ridge](/wiki/Dakota_Ridge%2C_Colorado \"Dakota Ridge, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Dalerose](/wiki/Dalerose%2C_Colorado \"Dalerose, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dallas](/wiki/Dallas%2C_Colorado \"Dallas, Colorado\")\n\n [Ouray](/wiki/Ouray_County%2C_Colorado \"Ouray County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Dallas City |\n Ouray |\nsee [Dallas](/wiki/Dallas%2C_Colorado \"Dallas, Colorado\")\n|[Dallas Divide](/wiki/Dallas_Divide%2C_Colorado \"Dallas Divide, Colorado\")\n\n [Ouray](/wiki/Ouray_County%2C_Colorado \"Ouray County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dallasville](/wiki/Dallasville%2C_Colorado \"Dallasville, Colorado\")\n\n [Ouray](/wiki/Ouray_County%2C_Colorado \"Ouray County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Damascus](/wiki/Damascus%2C_Colorado \"Damascus, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Daniels](/wiki/Daniels%2C_Colorado \"Daniels, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Daniels Garden](/wiki/Daniels_Garden%2C_Colorado \"Daniels Garden, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Lakewood neighborhood](/wiki/Lakewood%2C_Colorado \"Lakewood, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Davidson](/wiki/Davidson%2C_Colorado \"Davidson, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Davies](/wiki/Davies%2C_Colorado \"Davies, Colorado\")\n\n [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Davis](/wiki/Davis%2C_Colorado \"Davis, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dawkins](/wiki/Dawkins%2C_Colorado \"Dawkins, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dawson](/wiki/Dawson%2C_Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Dawson, Jefferson County, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dayton](/wiki/Dayton%2C_Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Dayton, Gunnison County, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dayton](/wiki/Dayton%2C_Kiowa_County%2C_Colorado \"Dayton, Kiowa County, Colorado\")\n\n [Kiowa](/wiki/Kiowa_County%2C_Colorado \"Kiowa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dayton](/wiki/Dayton%2C_Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Dayton, Lake County, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[De Beque](/wiki/De_Beque%2C_Colorado \"De Beque, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[De Nova](/wiki/De_Nova%2C_Colorado \"De Nova, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dean](/wiki/Dean%2C_Colorado \"Dean, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Deane](/wiki/Strontia_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Strontia Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Deansbury](/wiki/Strontia_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Strontia Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dearfield](/wiki/Dearfield%2C_Colorado \"Dearfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Debeque |\n Mesa |\nsee [De Beque](/wiki/De_Beque%2C_Colorado \"De Beque, Colorado\")\n|[Debs](/wiki/Debs%2C_Colorado \"Debs, Colorado\")\n\n [Hinsdale](/wiki/Hinsdale_County%2C_Colorado \"Hinsdale County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Decatur](/wiki/Decatur%2C_Colorado \"Decatur, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Decatur](/wiki/Argentine%2C_Colorado_%281901%29 \"Argentine, Colorado (1901)\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Deckers](/wiki/Deckers%2C_Colorado \"Deckers, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Deep Channel](/wiki/Deep_Channel%2C_Colorado \"Deep Channel, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Deepcreek](/wiki/Deepcreek%2C_Colorado \"Deepcreek, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Deer Trail](/wiki/Deer_Trail%2C_Colorado \"Deer Trail, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Deer Valley](/wiki/Deer_Valley%2C_Colorado \"Deer Valley, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Deercreek](/wiki/Deercreek%2C_Colorado \"Deercreek, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Deermont](/wiki/Deermont%2C_Colorado \"Deermont, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Deertrail |\n Arapahoe |\nsee [Deer Trail](/wiki/Deer_Trail%2C_Colorado \"Deer Trail, Colorado\")\n\n Defiance |\n Garfield |\nsee [Glenwood Springs](/wiki/Glenwood_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Glenwood Springs, Colorado\")\n|[Del Mar](/wiki/Del_Mar%2C_Colorado \"Del Mar, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Del Mine](/wiki/Del_Mine%2C_Colorado \"Del Mine, Colorado\")\n\n [San Juan](/wiki/San_Juan_County%2C_Colorado \"San Juan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Del Norte](/wiki/Del_Norte%2C_Colorado \"Del Norte, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Del Rio](/wiki/Del_Rio%2C_Colorado \"Del Rio, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Delagua](/wiki/Delagua%2C_Colorado \"Delagua, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Delaware City](/wiki/Delaware_City%2C_Colorado \"Delaware City, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Delcarbon](/wiki/Delcarbon%2C_Colorado \"Delcarbon, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Delhi](/wiki/Delhi%2C_Colorado \"Delhi, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dell](/wiki/Dell%2C_Colorado \"Dell, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Delphi](/wiki/Wallstreet%2C_Colorado \"Wallstreet, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Delta](/wiki/Delta%2C_Colorado \"Delta, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Dent](/wiki/Dent%2C_Colorado \"Dent, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [consolidated city and county](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Consolidated_city_and_county \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Consolidated city and county\") |\n |\n\n Denver City |\n Denver |\nsee [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\")\n|[Denver Civic Center](/wiki/Denver_Civic_Center \"Denver Civic Center\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n\n Denver Junction |\n Sedgwick |\nsee [Julesburg](/wiki/Julesburg%2C_Colorado \"Julesburg, Colorado\")\n|[Denver Mills](/wiki/Denver_Mills%2C_Colorado \"Denver Mills, Colorado\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Deora](/wiki/Deora%2C_Colorado \"Deora, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Derblay](/wiki/Hazeltine%2C_Commerce_City%2C_Colorado \"Hazeltine, Commerce City, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Derby](/wiki/Derby%2C_Colorado \"Derby, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Derby](/wiki/Derby%2C_Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Derby, Eagle County, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Derby Junction](/wiki/Derby_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Derby Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Deuel |\n Morgan |\nsee [Weldona](/wiki/Weldona%2C_Colorado \"Weldona, Colorado\")\n|[Deur](/wiki/Deur%2C_Colorado \"Deur, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Devine](/wiki/Black_Mountain%2C_Colorado \"Black Mountain, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Devine](/wiki/Devine%2C_Colorado \"Devine, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Devonsire Heights](/wiki/Devonsire_Heights%2C_Colorado \"Devonsire Heights, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dexter](/wiki/Dexter%2C_Colorado \"Dexter, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dick](/wiki/Dick%2C_Colorado \"Dick, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Dickey](/wiki/Dickey%2C_Colorado \"Dickey, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dicks](/wiki/Dicks%2C_Colorado \"Dicks, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dickson](/wiki/Bradford%2C_Colorado \"Bradford, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dillingham](/wiki/De_Nova%2C_Colorado \"De Nova, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dillon](/wiki/Dillon%2C_Colorado \"Dillon, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Dinan](/wiki/Dinan%2C_Colorado \"Dinan, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dinosaur](/wiki/Dinosaur%2C_Colorado \"Dinosaur, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Diston](/wiki/Diston%2C_Colorado \"Diston, Colorado\")\n\n [Kiowa](/wiki/Kiowa_County%2C_Colorado \"Kiowa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Divide](/wiki/Newett%2C_Colorado \"Newett, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Divide](/wiki/Divide%2C_Colorado \"Divide, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Dix](/wiki/Dix%2C_Colorado \"Dix, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dodd](/wiki/Dodd%2C_Colorado \"Dodd, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dodgeville](/wiki/Dodgeville%2C_Colorado \"Dodgeville, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dodsonville](/wiki/Linwood%2C_Colorado \"Linwood, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dodsville](/wiki/Dodsville%2C_Colorado \"Dodsville, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Doenz Place](/wiki/Doenz_Place%2C_Colorado \"Doenz Place, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dolomite](/wiki/Newett%2C_Colorado \"Newett, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dolores](/wiki/Dolores%2C_Colorado \"Dolores, Colorado\")\n\n [Montezuma](/wiki/Montezuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Montezuma County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Dome Rock](/wiki/Dome_Rock%2C_Colorado \"Dome Rock, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dominguez](/wiki/Dominguez%2C_Colorado \"Dominguez, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dominion](/wiki/Dominion%2C_Colorado \"Dominion, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [Longmont neighborhood](/wiki/Longmont%2C_Colorado \"Longmont, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Dora](/wiki/Dora%2C_Colorado \"Dora, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dora](/wiki/Gove%2C_Colorado \"Gove, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Doran](/wiki/Doran%2C_Colorado \"Doran, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dotsero](/wiki/Dotsero%2C_Colorado \"Dotsero, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Doubleheader Ranch](/wiki/Doubleheader_Ranch%2C_Colorado \"Doubleheader Ranch, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Douglas](/wiki/Douglas%2C_Colorado \"Douglas, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dove Creek](/wiki/Dove_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Dove Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Dolores](/wiki/Dolores_County%2C_Colorado \"Dolores County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Dove Hill](/wiki/Dove_Hill%2C_Colorado \"Dove Hill, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dove Valley](/wiki/Dove_Valley%2C_Colorado \"Dove Valley, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Dover](/wiki/Dover%2C_Colorado \"Dover, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dowds Junction](/wiki/Dowds_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Dowds Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Downer](/wiki/Downer%2C_Colorado \"Downer, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Downieville](/wiki/Downieville%2C_Colorado \"Downieville, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Downieville\\-Lawson\\-Dumont CDP](/wiki/Downieville-Lawson-Dumont_CDP%2C_Colorado \"Downieville-Lawson-Dumont CDP, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Downing](/wiki/Downing%2C_Colorado \"Downing, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Downtown Arvada |\n Jefferson |\nsee [Olde Town Arvada](/wiki/Olde_Town_Arvada \"Olde Town Arvada\")\n|[Downtown Denver](/wiki/Downtown_Denver \"Downtown Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Doyleville](/wiki/Doyleville%2C_Colorado \"Doyleville, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dragoo](/wiki/Dragoo%2C_Colorado \"Dragoo, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Drake](/wiki/Drake%2C_Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Drake, Gunnison County, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Drake](/wiki/Drake%2C_Colorado \"Drake, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Drakes](/wiki/Drakes%2C_Colorado \"Drakes, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Drennan](/wiki/Drennan%2C_Colorado \"Drennan, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Drew](/wiki/Drew%2C_Colorado \"Drew, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Driscoll](/wiki/Driscoll%2C_Colorado \"Driscoll, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Druce](/wiki/Druce%2C_Colorado \"Druce, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dry Diggings](/wiki/Dry_Diggings%2C_Colorado \"Dry Diggings, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dryer](/wiki/Dryer%2C_Colorado \"Dryer, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Drygulch](/wiki/Drygulch%2C_Colorado \"Drygulch, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dublin Bay](/wiki/Dublin_Bay%2C_Colorado \"Dublin Bay, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dubois](/wiki/Dubois%2C_Colorado \"Dubois, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dudley](/wiki/Dudley%2C_Colorado \"Dudley, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Duer](/wiki/Duer%2C_Colorado \"Duer, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Duff](/wiki/Magnolia%2C_Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Magnolia, Aurora, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Duffield](/wiki/Duffield%2C_Colorado \"Duffield, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Duke](/wiki/Duke%2C_Colorado \"Duke, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Dumont](/wiki/Dumont%2C_Colorado \"Dumont, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Duncan](/wiki/Lone_Oak%2C_Colorado \"Lone Oak, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Duncan](/wiki/Duncan%2C_Colorado \"Duncan, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Dunckley](/wiki/Dunckley%2C_Colorado \"Dunckley, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dune](/wiki/Dune%2C_Colorado \"Dune, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Dunkley |\n Routt |\nsee [Dunckley](/wiki/Dunckley%2C_Colorado \"Dunckley, Colorado\")\n|[Dunton](/wiki/Dunton%2C_Colorado \"Dunton, Colorado\")\n\n [Dolores](/wiki/Dolores_County%2C_Colorado \"Dolores County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dunul](/wiki/Dunul%2C_Colorado \"Dunul, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dupont](/wiki/Dupont%2C_Colorado \"Dupont, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Durango](/wiki/Durango%2C_Colorado \"Durango, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Durham](/wiki/Durham%2C_Colorado \"Durham, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Dyersville](/wiki/Dyersville%2C_Colorado \"Dyersville, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Dyke](/wiki/Dyke%2C_Colorado \"Dyke, Colorado\")\n\n [Archuleta](/wiki/Archuleta_County%2C_Colorado \"Archuleta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n",
"E\n-\n\nSelect the [OpenStreetMap](/wiki/OpenStreetMap \"OpenStreetMap\") link at the right to view the location of places in this section.\n\n|[Place](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[County](/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Colorado \"List of counties in Colorado\")\n\n[Type](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[Location](/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system \"Geographic coordinate system\")\n\n[Elevation](/wiki/Elevation \"Elevation\")\n\n|[Eads](/wiki/Eads%2C_Colorado \"Eads, Colorado\")\n\n [Kiowa](/wiki/Kiowa_County%2C_Colorado \"Kiowa County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Eagalite](/wiki/Plateau_City%2C_Colorado \"Plateau City, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Eagle](/wiki/Eagle%2C_Colorado \"Eagle, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Eagle (1880\\)](/wiki/Eagle%2C_Colorado_%281880%29 \"Eagle, Colorado (1880)\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Eagle Rock](/wiki/Eagle_Rock%2C_Colorado \"Eagle Rock, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Eagles Nest](/wiki/Eagles_Nest%2C_Colorado \"Eagles Nest, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Earl](/wiki/Earl%2C_Colorado \"Earl, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Early Spring](/wiki/Early_Spring%2C_Colorado \"Early Spring, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n East Alamosa |\n Alamosa |\nsee [Alamosa East](/wiki/Alamosa_East%2C_Colorado \"Alamosa East, Colorado\")\n|[East Argentine](/wiki/Waldorf%2C_Colorado \"Waldorf, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[East Canon](/wiki/East_Canon%2C_Colorado \"East Canon, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[East Cañon](/wiki/East_Ca%C3%B1on%2C_Colorado \"East Cañon, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [Cañon City](/wiki/Ca%C3%B1on_City%2C_Colorado \"Cañon City, Colorado\") [neighborhood](/wiki/Neighbourhood \"Neighbourhood\") |\n |\n |\n|[East Colfax](/wiki/East_Colfax%2C_Denver \"East Colfax, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[East La Salle](/wiki/East_La_Salle%2C_Colorado \"East La Salle, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[East Pleasant View](/wiki/East_Pleasant_View%2C_Colorado \"East Pleasant View, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[East Portal](/wiki/East_Portal%2C_Colorado \"East Portal, Colorado\")\n\n [Gilpin](/wiki/Gilpin_County%2C_Colorado \"Gilpin County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[East Quincy Highlands](/wiki/East_Quincy_Highlands%2C_Colorado \"East Quincy Highlands, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[East Tincup](/wiki/East_Tincup%2C_Colorado \"East Tincup, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[East Vancorum](/wiki/East_Vancorum%2C_Colorado \"East Vancorum, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Eastdale](/wiki/Eastdale%2C_Colorado \"Eastdale, Colorado\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Eastlake](/wiki/Eastlake%2C_Colorado \"Eastlake, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Easton |\n El Paso |\nsee [Eastonville](/wiki/Eastonville%2C_Colorado \"Eastonville, Colorado\")\n|[Eastonville](/wiki/Eastonville%2C_Colorado \"Eastonville, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Eastridge](/wiki/Eastridge%2C_Colorado \"Eastridge, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Eaton](/wiki/Eaton%2C_Colorado \"Eaton, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n Eatonton |\n Weld |\nsee [Eaton](/wiki/Eaton%2C_Colorado \"Eaton, Colorado\")\n|[Echo](/wiki/Echo%2C_Colorado \"Echo, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Echo Hills](/wiki/Echo_Hills%2C_Colorado \"Echo Hills, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Echo House](/wiki/Echo_House%2C_Colorado \"Echo House, Colorado\")\n\n [Montezuma](/wiki/Montezuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Montezuma County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Eckert](/wiki/Eckert%2C_Colorado \"Eckert, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Eckley](/wiki/Eckley%2C_Colorado \"Eckley, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Eddy](/wiki/Eddy%2C_Colorado \"Eddy, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Eden](/wiki/Eden%2C_Colorado \"Eden, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Edenview](/wiki/Edenview%2C_Colorado \"Edenview, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Edgemont](/wiki/Edgemont%2C_Colorado \"Edgemont, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Lakewood neighborhood](/wiki/Lakewood%2C_Colorado \"Lakewood, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Edgerton](/wiki/Edgerton%2C_Colorado \"Edgerton, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Edgewater](/wiki/Edgewater%2C_Colorado \"Edgewater, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Edith](/wiki/Edith%2C_Colorado \"Edith, Colorado\")\n\n [Archuleta](/wiki/Archuleta_County%2C_Colorado \"Archuleta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Edith](/wiki/Edith%2C_Routt_County \"Edith, Routt County\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Edler](/wiki/Edler%2C_Colorado \"Edler, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Edlowe](/wiki/Edlowe%2C_Colorado \"Edlowe, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Edwards](/wiki/Edwards%2C_Colorado \"Edwards, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Edwest](/wiki/Edwest%2C_Colorado \"Edwest, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Egeria](/wiki/Egeria%2C_Colorado \"Egeria, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Eggers](/wiki/Eggers%2C_Colorado \"Eggers, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Egnar](/wiki/Egnar%2C_Colorado \"Egnar, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n El Cuervo |\n Custer |\nsee [Fort Le Duc](/wiki/Fort_Le_Duc \"Fort Le Duc\")\n\n El Dora |\n Boulder |\nsee [Eldora](/wiki/Eldora%2C_Colorado \"Eldora, Colorado\")\n\n El Dorado |\n Boulder |\nsee [Eldora](/wiki/Eldora%2C_Colorado \"Eldora, Colorado\")\n|[El Jebel](/wiki/El_Jebel%2C_Colorado \"El Jebel, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[El Moro](/wiki/El_Moro%2C_Colorado \"El Moro, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[El Paso](/wiki/Buttes%2C_Fountain%2C_Colorado \"Buttes, Fountain, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[El Pueblo](/wiki/El_Pueblo_%28Pueblo%2C_Colorado%29 \"El Pueblo (Pueblo, Colorado)\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[El Rancho](/wiki/El_Rancho%2C_Colorado \"El Rancho, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[El Vado](/wiki/El_Vado%2C_Colorado \"El Vado, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Elba](/wiki/Elba%2C_Colorado \"Elba, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Elbert](/wiki/Elbert%2C_Colorado \"Elbert, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Elco](/wiki/Elco%2C_Colorado \"Elco, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elder](/wiki/Elder%2C_Colorado \"Elder, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Eldora](/wiki/Eldora%2C_Colorado \"Eldora, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Eldorado |\n Boulder |\nsee [Eldora](/wiki/Eldora%2C_Colorado \"Eldora, Colorado\")\n|[Eldorado Estates](/wiki/Eldorado_Estates%2C_Colorado \"Eldorado Estates, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Eldorado Springs](/wiki/Eldorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Eldorado Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Eldred](/wiki/Eldred%2C_Colorado \"Eldred, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Eldredge](/wiki/Eldredge%2C_Colorado \"Eldredge, Colorado\")\n\n [Ouray](/wiki/Ouray_County%2C_Colorado \"Ouray County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Elephant](/wiki/Elephant%2C_Colorado \"Elephant, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elephant Park](/wiki/Elephant_Park%2C_Colorado \"Elephant Park, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Elgin](/wiki/Waunita_Hot_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Waunita Hot Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elizabeth](/wiki/Elizabeth%2C_Colorado \"Elizabeth, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Elk Creek](/wiki/Elk_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Elk Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elk Horn](/wiki/Elk_Horn%2C_Colorado \"Elk Horn, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elk Springs](/wiki/Elk_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Elk Springs, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Elkdale](/wiki/Elkdale%2C_Colorado \"Elkdale, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Elkhead](/wiki/Elkhead%2C_Colorado \"Elkhead, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Elkhead (1884\\)](/wiki/Elkhead%2C_Colorado_%281884%29 \"Elkhead, Colorado (1884)\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elkhead (1927\\)](/wiki/Elkhead%2C_Colorado_%281927%29 \"Elkhead, Colorado (1927)\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elko](/wiki/Elko%2C_Colorado \"Elko, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elkton](/wiki/Elkton%2C_Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Elkton, Gunnison County, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Elkton](/wiki/Elkton%2C_Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Elkton, Teller County, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Ella](/wiki/Ella%2C_Colorado \"Ella, Colorado\")\n\n [Prowers](/wiki/Prowers_County%2C_Colorado \"Prowers County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Ellicott](/wiki/Ellicott%2C_Colorado \"Ellicott, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Elm](/wiki/Elm%2C_Colorado \"Elm, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Elmoro |\n Las Animas |\nsee [El Moro](/wiki/El_Moro%2C_Colorado \"El Moro, Colorado\")\n|[Elphis](/wiki/Elphis%2C_Colorado \"Elphis, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elsmere](/wiki/Elsmere%2C_Colorado \"Elsmere, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Elwell](/wiki/Elwell%2C_Colorado \"Elwell, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Elyria](/wiki/Elyria%2C_Colorado \"Elyria, Colorado\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Elyria\\-Swansea](/wiki/Elyria-Swansea%2C_Denver \"Elyria-Swansea, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Embargo](/wiki/Embargo%2C_Colorado \"Embargo, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Emerson](/wiki/Emerson%2C_Colorado \"Emerson, Colorado\")\n\n [Phillips](/wiki/Phillips_County%2C_Colorado \"Phillips County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Emery](/wiki/Emery%2C_Colorado \"Emery, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Emma](/wiki/Emma%2C_Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Emma, Gunnison County, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Emma](/wiki/Emma%2C_Colorado \"Emma, Colorado\")\n\n [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Empire](/wiki/Empire%2C_Colorado \"Empire, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n Empire City |\n Clear Creek |\nsee [Empire](/wiki/Empire%2C_Colorado \"Empire, Colorado\")\n|[Engle](/wiki/Engle%2C_Colorado \"Engle, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Engleburg](/wiki/Engleburg%2C_Colorado \"Engleburg, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Engleville](/wiki/Engleville%2C_Colorado \"Engleville, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Englewood](/wiki/Englewood%2C_Colorado \"Englewood, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Eno](/wiki/Eno%2C_Colorado \"Eno, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [Commerce City neighborhood](/wiki/Commerce_City%2C_Colorado \"Commerce City, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Enterprise](/wiki/Waterton%2C_Colorado \"Waterton, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Ephraim](/wiki/Ephraim%2C_Colorado \"Ephraim, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Erie](/wiki/Erie%2C_Colorado \"Erie, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n[statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\")\n\n| [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n|[Escalante](/wiki/Escalante%2C_Colorado \"Escalante, Colorado\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Escalante](/wiki/Escalante%2C_Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Escalante, Mesa County, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Escalante](/wiki/Escalante%2C_Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Escalante, Moffat County, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Escalante Forks](/wiki/Escalante_Forks%2C_Colorado \"Escalante Forks, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Eskdale](/wiki/Eskdale%2C_Colorado \"Eskdale, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Espinosa](/wiki/Espinosa%2C_Colorado \"Espinosa, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Espinoza](/wiki/Espinosa%2C_Colorado \"Espinosa, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Estabrook](/wiki/Estabrook%2C_Colorado \"Estabrook, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Estelene](/wiki/Estelene%2C_Colorado \"Estelene, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Estes Park](/wiki/Estes_Park%2C_Colorado \"Estes Park, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Estrella](/wiki/Estrella%2C_Colorado \"Estrella, Colorado\")\n\n [Alamosa](/wiki/Alamosa_County%2C_Colorado \"Alamosa County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Eula](/wiki/Eula%2C_Colorado \"Eula, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Eureka](/wiki/Eureka%2C_Colorado \"Eureka, Colorado\")\n\n [San Juan](/wiki/San_Juan_County%2C_Colorado \"San Juan County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Eva](/wiki/Eva%2C_Colorado \"Eva, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Evans](/wiki/Evans%2C_Colorado \"Evans, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Evanston](/wiki/Evanston%2C_Colorado \"Evanston, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Evansville](/wiki/Evansville%2C_Colorado \"Evansville, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Grande](/wiki/Rio_Grande_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Grande County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Everett](/wiki/Everett%2C_Colorado \"Everett, Colorado\")\n\n [Lake](/wiki/Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Lake County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Evergreen](/wiki/Evergreen%2C_Colorado \"Evergreen, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Eversman](/wiki/Eversman%2C_Colorado \"Eversman, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Excelsior](/wiki/Excelsior%2C_Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Excelsior, Mesa County, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Excelsior](/wiki/Excelsior%2C_Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Excelsior, Pueblo County, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Exchequer](/wiki/Exchequer%2C_Colorado \"Exchequer, Colorado\")\n\n [Saguache](/wiki/Saguache_County%2C_Colorado \"Saguache County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n",
"F\n-\n\nSelect the [OpenStreetMap](/wiki/OpenStreetMap \"OpenStreetMap\") link at the right to view the location of places in this section.\n\n|[Place](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[County](/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Colorado \"List of counties in Colorado\")\n\n[Type](/wiki/Human_settlement \"Human settlement\")\n\n[Location](/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system \"Geographic coordinate system\")\n\n[Elevation](/wiki/Elevation \"Elevation\")\n\n Fair Play |\n Park |\nsee [Fairplay](/wiki/Fairplay%2C_Colorado \"Fairplay, Colorado\")\n|[Fairfax](/wiki/Fairfax%2C_Colorado \"Fairfax, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fairmount](/wiki/Fairmount%2C_Colorado \"Fairmount, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Fairmount |\n Otero |\nsee [Swink](/wiki/Swink%2C_Colorado \"Swink, Colorado\")\n|[Fairplay](/wiki/Fairplay%2C_Colorado \"Fairplay, Colorado\")\n\n [Park](/wiki/Park_County%2C_Colorado \"Park County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Fairview](/wiki/Fairview%2C_Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Fairview, Adams County, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fairview](/wiki/Fairview%2C_Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Fairview, Custer County, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fairview](/wiki/Fairview%2C_Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Fairview, Montrose County, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fairview](/wiki/Fairview%2C_Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Fairview, Teller County, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Fairville |\n Park |\nsee [Shawnee](/wiki/Shawnee%2C_Colorado \"Shawnee, Colorado\")\n|[Fairy](/wiki/Fairy%2C_Colorado \"Fairy, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Falcon](/wiki/Falcon%2C_Colorado \"Falcon, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Falfa](/wiki/Falfa%2C_Colorado \"Falfa, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fall Creek](/wiki/Fall_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Fall Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Far Horizon](/wiki/Far_Horizon%2C_Colorado \"Far Horizon, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [Arvada neighborhood](/wiki/Arvada%2C_Colorado \"Arvada, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Farisita](/wiki/Farisita%2C_Colorado \"Farisita, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Farley](/wiki/Farley%2C_Colorado \"Farley, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Farmers](/wiki/Farmers%2C_Colorado \"Farmers, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Farnham](/wiki/Farnham%2C_Colorado \"Farnham, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Farr](/wiki/Farr%2C_Colorado \"Farr, Colorado\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Farwell](/wiki/Farwell%2C_Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Farwell, Pitkin County, Colorado\")\n\n [Pitkin](/wiki/Pitkin_County%2C_Colorado \"Pitkin County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Farwell](/wiki/Farwell%2C_Rio_Blanco_County%2C_Colorado \"Farwell, Rio Blanco County, Colorado\")\n\n [Rio Blanco](/wiki/Rio_Blanco_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Blanco County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fayette](/wiki/Fayette%2C_Colorado \"Fayette, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fearnowville](/wiki/Fearnowville%2C_Colorado \"Fearnowville, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Feathers Ranch](/wiki/Feathers_Ranch%2C_Colorado \"Feathers Ranch, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Federal Heights](/wiki/Federal_Heights%2C_Colorado \"Federal Heights, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Fenders](/wiki/Fenders%2C_Colorado \"Fenders, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Ferberite](/wiki/Ferberite%2C_Colorado \"Ferberite, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fergus](/wiki/Fergus%2C_Colorado \"Fergus, Colorado\")\n\n [Kiowa](/wiki/Kiowa_County%2C_Colorado \"Kiowa County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Ferguson](/wiki/Ferguson%2C_Colorado \"Ferguson, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Ferncliff](/wiki/Ferncliff%2C_Colorado \"Ferncliff, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Ferndale](/wiki/Ferndale%2C_Colorado \"Ferndale, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fidler](/wiki/Fidler%2C_Colorado \"Fidler, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Findale](/wiki/Findale%2C_Colorado \"Findale, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fink](/wiki/Fink%2C_Colorado \"Fink, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Finntown |\n Lake |\nsee [Adelaide, Lake County](/wiki/Adelaide%2C_Lake_County%2C_Colorado \"Adelaide, Lake County, Colorado\")\n|[Fir](/wiki/Fir%2C_Colorado \"Fir, Colorado\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Firestone](/wiki/Firestone%2C_Colorado \"Firestone, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Firstview](/wiki/Firstview%2C_Colorado \"Firstview, Colorado\")\n\n [Cheyenne](/wiki/Cheyenne_County%2C_Colorado \"Cheyenne County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fisher](/wiki/Fisher%2C_Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Fisher, Chaffee County, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fisher |\n Mineral |\nsee [Spar City](/wiki/Spar_City%2C_Colorado \"Spar City, Colorado\")\n|[Fisher](/wiki/Fisher%2C_Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Fisher, Pueblo County, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fitzsimons Army Medical Center](/wiki/Fitzsimons_Army_Medical_Center \"Fitzsimons Army Medical Center\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n historic [U.S. Army hospital](/wiki/United_States_Army \"United States Army\") |\n |\n |\n|[Five Points](/wiki/Five_Points%2C_Denver \"Five Points, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n\n|[Flagler](/wiki/Flagler%2C_Colorado \"Flagler, Colorado\")\n\n [Kit Carson](/wiki/Kit_Carson_County%2C_Colorado \"Kit Carson County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Flat Top](/wiki/Flat_Top%2C_Colorado \"Flat Top, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fleming](/wiki/Fleming%2C_Colorado \"Fleming, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Flemming's Ranch](/wiki/Flemming%27s_Ranch%2C_Colorado \"Flemming's Ranch, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fletcher |\n Adams |\nsee [Aurora](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\")\n|[Flora](/wiki/Flora%2C_Colorado \"Flora, Colorado\")\n\n [Sedgwick](/wiki/Sedgwick_County%2C_Colorado \"Sedgwick County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Florence](/wiki/Florence%2C_Colorado \"Florence, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_city \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory city\") |\n |\n\n|[Floresta](/wiki/Floresta%2C_Colorado \"Floresta, Colorado\")\n\n [Gunnison](/wiki/Gunnison_County%2C_Colorado \"Gunnison County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Florida](/wiki/Florida%2C_Colorado \"Florida, Colorado\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Florissant](/wiki/Florissant%2C_Colorado \"Florissant, Colorado\")\n\n [Teller](/wiki/Teller_County%2C_Colorado \"Teller County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Floyd Hill](/wiki/Floyd_Hill%2C_Colorado \"Floyd Hill, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Flues](/wiki/Flues%2C_Colorado \"Flues, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Focus](/wiki/Focus%2C_Colorado \"Focus, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Folsom](/wiki/Folsom%2C_Colorado \"Folsom, Colorado\")\n\n [San Miguel](/wiki/San_Miguel_County%2C_Colorado \"San Miguel County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fondis](/wiki/Fondis%2C_Colorado \"Fondis, Colorado\")\n\n [Elbert](/wiki/Elbert_County%2C_Colorado \"Elbert County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Foothills](/wiki/Foothills%2C_Colorado \"Foothills, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Forbes](/wiki/Forbes%2C_Colorado \"Forbes, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Forbes Junction](/wiki/Forbes_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Forbes Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Las Animas](/wiki/Las_Animas_County%2C_Colorado \"Las Animas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Ford |\n Fremont |\nsee [Texas Creek](/wiki/Texas_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Texas Creek, Colorado\")\n|[Ford](/wiki/Ford%2C_Colorado \"Ford, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Ford](/wiki/Ford%2C_Colorado \"Ford, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Forder](/wiki/Forder%2C_Colorado \"Forder, Colorado\")\n\n [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_County%2C_Colorado \"Lincoln County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fords Mountaindale Ranch](/wiki/Fords_Mountaindale_Ranch%2C_Colorado \"Fords Mountaindale Ranch, Colorado\")\n\n [Fremont](/wiki/Fremont_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Forest City |\n Chaffee |\nsee [Saint Elmo](/wiki/Saint_Elmo%2C_Colorado \"Saint Elmo, Colorado\")\n|[Forestdale](/wiki/Forestdale%2C_Colorado \"Forestdale, Colorado\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Forks](/wiki/Forkscreek%2C_Colorado \"Forkscreek, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Forks](/wiki/Forks%2C_Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Forks, Larimer County, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Forkscreek](/wiki/Forkscreek%2C_Colorado \"Forkscreek, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Formby](/wiki/Formby%2C_Colorado \"Formby, Colorado\")\n\n [Montezuma](/wiki/Montezuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Montezuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Big Spring](/wiki/Fort_Big_Spring%2C_Colorado \"Fort Big Spring, Colorado\")\n\n [Cheyenne](/wiki/Cheyenne_County%2C_Colorado \"Cheyenne County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fort Boettcher](/wiki/Fort_Boettcher%2C_Colorado \"Fort Boettcher, Colorado\")\n\n [Jackson](/wiki/Jackson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jackson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n Fort Breckenridge |\n Summit |\nsee [Fort Mary B](/wiki/Fort_Mary_B \"Fort Mary B\")\n|[Fort Carson](/wiki/Fort_Carson \"Fort Carson\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [United States Army post](/wiki/United_States_Army \"United States Army\") |\n |\n\n|[Fort Carson CDP](/wiki/Fort_Carson%2C_Colorado \"Fort Carson, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Fort Cass](/wiki/Fort_Cass_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Cass (Colorado)\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Collins](/wiki/Fort_Collins%2C_Colorado \"Fort Collins, Colorado\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Fort Collins (1862\\)](/wiki/Camp_Collins%23Laporte_location_%281862%E2%80%941864%29 \"Camp Collins#Laporte location (1862—1864)\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Collins (1864\\)](/wiki/Camp_Collins%23Poudre_location_%281864%E2%80%941867%29 \"Camp Collins#Poudre location (1864—1867)\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Convenience](/wiki/Fort_Vasquez%23History \"Fort Vasquez#History\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Crawford](/wiki/Fort_Crawford_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Crawford (Colorado)\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Davy Crockett](/wiki/Fort_Davy_Crockett \"Fort Davy Crockett\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort El Puebla |\n Otero |\nsee [Milk Fort](/wiki/Milk_Fort \"Milk Fort\")\n\n Fort Fauntleroy |\n Bent |\nsee [Fort Lyon (1860\\-1867\\)](/wiki/Fort_Lyon%23Fort_Lyon_%281860%E2%80%941867%29 \"Fort Lyon#Fort Lyon (1860—1867)\")\n\n Fort Fisher |\n Pueblo |\nsee [El Pueblo](/wiki/El_Pueblo_%28Pueblo%2C_Colorado%29 \"El Pueblo (Pueblo, Colorado)\")\n|[Fort Flagler](/wiki/Fort_Flagler_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Flagler (Colorado)\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [historic civilian stockade](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Fraeb |\n Routt |\nsee [Fraeb's Post](/wiki/Fraeb%27s_Post \"Fraeb's Post\")\n\n Fort Francisco |\n Huerfano |\nsee [Francisco Fort](/wiki/Francisco_Fort \"Francisco Fort\")\n\n Fort Gantt |\n Bent |\nsee [Gantt's Picket Post](/wiki/Gantt%27s_Picket_Post \"Gantt's Picket Post\")\n|[Fort Garland](/wiki/Fort_Garland%2C_Colorado \"Fort Garland, Colorado\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Fort Garland (1858\\)](/wiki/Fort_Garland \"Fort Garland\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort George |\n Weld |\nsee [Fort Saint Vrain](/wiki/Fort_Saint_Vrain \"Fort Saint Vrain\")\n|[Fort Gerry](/wiki/Fort_Gerry \"Fort Gerry\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Huerfano](/wiki/Fort_Huerfano \"Fort Huerfano\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [historic encampment](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Independence |\n Otero |\nsee [Milk Fort](/wiki/Milk_Fort \"Milk Fort\")\n\n Fort Independence |\n Summit |\nsee [Fort Mary B](/wiki/Fort_Mary_B \"Fort Mary B\")\n\n Fort Independent |\n Summit |\nsee [Fort Mary B](/wiki/Fort_Mary_B \"Fort Mary B\")\n|[Fort Jackson](/wiki/Fort_Jackson_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Jackson (Colorado)\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Juana |\n Pueblo |\nsee [El Pueblo](/wiki/El_Pueblo_%28Pueblo%2C_Colorado%29 \"El Pueblo (Pueblo, Colorado)\")\n|[Fort Julesburg](/wiki/Fort_Julesburg \"Fort Julesburg\")\n\n [Sedgwick](/wiki/Sedgwick_County%2C_Colorado \"Sedgwick County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Fort Junction](/wiki/Fort_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Fort Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Lawrence |\n Weld |\nsee [Fort Lupton (1836\\)](/wiki/Fort_Lupton_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Lupton (Colorado)\")\n|[Fort Le Duc](/wiki/Fort_Le_Duc \"Fort Le Duc\")\n\n [Custer](/wiki/Custer_County%2C_Colorado \"Custer County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Leche |\n Otero |\nsee [Milk Fort](/wiki/Milk_Fort \"Milk Fort\")\n|[Fort Lewis (1878\\-1880\\)](/wiki/Fort_Lewis_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Lewis (Colorado)\")\n\n [Archuleta](/wiki/Archuleta_County%2C_Colorado \"Archuleta County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Lewis (1880\\-1891\\)](/wiki/Fort_Lewis_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Lewis (Colorado)\")\n\n [La Plata](/wiki/La_Plata_County%2C_Colorado \"La Plata County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Logan](/wiki/Fort_Logan%2C_Denver \"Fort Logan, Denver\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [Denver neighborhood](/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Denver \"List of neighborhoods in Denver\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Logan (1889\\)](/wiki/Fort_Logan \"Fort Logan\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [historic U.S. Army post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Lookout |\n Weld |\nsee [Fort Saint Vrain](/wiki/Fort_Saint_Vrain \"Fort Saint Vrain\")\n|[Fort Lupton](/wiki/Fort_Lupton%2C_Colorado \"Fort Lupton, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_city \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory city\") |\n |\n\n|[Fort Lupton (1836\\)](/wiki/Fort_Lupton_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Lupton (Colorado)\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Lyon](/wiki/Fort_Lyon%2C_Colorado \"Fort Lyon, Colorado\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fort Lyon (1860\\)](/wiki/Fort_Lyon%23Fort_Lyon_%281860%E2%80%941867%29 \"Fort Lyon#Fort Lyon (1860—1867)\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Lyon (1867\\)](/wiki/Fort_Lyon%23Fort_Lyon_%281867%E2%80%941897%29 \"Fort Lyon#Fort Lyon (1867—1897)\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Mary B](/wiki/Fort_Mary_B \"Fort Mary B\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [historic civilian stockade](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Mary Bigelow |\n Summit |\nsee [Fort Mary B](/wiki/Fort_Mary_B \"Fort Mary B\")\n|[Fort Massachusetts](/wiki/Fort_Massachusetts_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Massachusetts (Colorado)\")\n\n [Costilla](/wiki/Costilla_County%2C_Colorado \"Costilla County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Maurice |\n Custer |\nsee [Fort Le Duc](/wiki/Fort_Le_Duc \"Fort Le Duc\")\n|[Fort Meeker](/wiki/Fort_Meeker \"Fort Meeker\")\n\n [Rio Blanco](/wiki/Rio_Blanco_County%2C_Colorado \"Rio Blanco County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Meribeh |\n Summit |\nsee [Fort Mary B](/wiki/Fort_Mary_B \"Fort Mary B\")\n\n Fort Misery |\n Moffat |\nsee [Fort Davy Crockett](/wiki/Fort_Davy_Crockett \"Fort Davy Crockett\")\n|[Fort Moore](/wiki/Fort_Moore%2C_Colorado \"Fort Moore, Colorado\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Morgan](/wiki/Fort_Morgan%2C_Colorado \"Fort Morgan, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Fort Morgan (1864\\)](/wiki/Fort_Morgan_%28Colorado%29 \"Fort Morgan (Colorado)\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Namaqua](/wiki/Fort_Namaqua \"Fort Namaqua\")\n\n [Larimer](/wiki/Larimer_County%2C_Colorado \"Larimer County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort Nepesta |\n Pueblo |\nsee [El Pueblo](/wiki/El_Pueblo_%28Pueblo%2C_Colorado%29 \"El Pueblo (Pueblo, Colorado)\")\n\n Fort Pueblo |\n Pueblo |\nsee [El Pueblo](/wiki/El_Pueblo_%28Pueblo%2C_Colorado%29 \"El Pueblo (Pueblo, Colorado)\")\n\n Fort Ranking |\n Sedgwick |\nsee [Fort Sedgwick](/wiki/Fort_Sedgwick \"Fort Sedgwick\")\n|[Fort Reynolds](/wiki/Fort_Reynolds%2C_Colorado \"Fort Reynolds, Colorado\")\n\n [Pueblo](/wiki/Pueblo_County%2C_Colorado \"Pueblo County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Fort Robidoux |\n Delta |\nsee [Fort Uncompahgre](/wiki/Fort_Uncompahgre \"Fort Uncompahgre\")\n|[Fort Saint Vrain](/wiki/Fort_Saint_Vrain%2C_Colorado \"Fort Saint Vrain, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Fort Sangre de Cristo |\n Costilla |\nsee [Spanish Fort](/wiki/Spanish_Fort_%28Colorado%29 \"Spanish Fort (Colorado)\")\n|[Fort Sedgwick](/wiki/Fort_Sedgwick%2C_Colorado \"Fort Sedgwick, Colorado\")\n\n [Sedgwick](/wiki/Sedgwick_County%2C_Colorado \"Sedgwick County, Colorado\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n Fort Sheridan |\n Denver |\nsee [Fort Logan (1889\\)](/wiki/Fort_Logan \"Fort Logan\")\n\n Fort Spaulding |\n Pueblo |\nsee [El Pueblo](/wiki/El_Pueblo_%28Pueblo%2C_Colorado%29 \"El Pueblo (Pueblo, Colorado)\")\n|[Fort Talpa](/wiki/Fort_Talpa \"Fort Talpa\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [historic civilian fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Uncompahgre](/wiki/Fort_Uncompahgre \"Fort Uncompahgre\")\n\n [Delta](/wiki/Delta_County%2C_Colorado \"Delta County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Vasquez](/wiki/Fort_Vasquez \"Fort Vasquez\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Weld](/wiki/Fort_Weld \"Fort Weld\")\n\n [Denver](/wiki/Denver \"Denver\") |\n [historic U.S. Army fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fort Wicked](/wiki/Fort_Wicked \"Fort Wicked\")\n\n [Logan](/wiki/Logan_County%2C_Colorado \"Logan County, Colorado\") |\n [historic ranch and stage station](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fort William |\n Otero |\nsee [Bent's Old Fort](/wiki/Bent%27s_Old_Fort \"Bent's Old Fort\")\n\n Fort Wise |\n Bent |\nsee [Fort Lyon (1860\\-1867\\)](/wiki/Fort_Lyon \"Fort Lyon\")\n|[Fortification](/wiki/Fortification%2C_Colorado \"Fortification, Colorado\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fosston](/wiki/Fosston%2C_Colorado \"Fosston, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Founders Village](/wiki/Founders_Village%2C_Colorado \"Founders Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [Castle Rock neighborhood](/wiki/Castle_Rock%2C_Colorado \"Castle Rock, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Fountain](/wiki/Fountain%2C_Colorado \"Fountain, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Fountain Side](/wiki/Fountain_Side%2C_Colorado \"Fountain Side, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Four Corners Crossing](/wiki/Four_Corners_Crossing%2C_Colorado \"Four Corners Crossing, Colorado\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Four Square Mile](/wiki/Four_Square_Mile%2C_Colorado \"Four Square Mile, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Fourmile](/wiki/Fourmile%2C_Colorado \"Fourmile, Colorado\")\n\n [Moffat](/wiki/Moffat_County%2C_Colorado \"Moffat County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fowler](/wiki/Fowler%2C_Colorado \"Fowler, Colorado\")\n\n [Otero](/wiki/Otero_County%2C_Colorado \"Otero County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Fox](/wiki/Fox%2C_Colorado \"Fox, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fox Creek](/wiki/Fox_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Fox Creek, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Foxfield](/wiki/Foxfield%2C_Colorado \"Foxfield, Colorado\")\n\n [Arapahoe](/wiki/Arapahoe_County%2C_Colorado \"Arapahoe County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Foxton](/wiki/Foxton%2C_Colorado \"Foxton, Colorado\")\n\n [Jefferson](/wiki/Jefferson_County%2C_Colorado \"Jefferson County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fraeb's Post](/wiki/Henry_Fraeb%23Mountain_man \"Henry Fraeb#Mountain man\")\n\n [Routt](/wiki/Routt_County%2C_Colorado \"Routt County, Colorado\") |\n [historic trading post](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Frances](/wiki/Frances%2C_Colorado \"Frances, Colorado\")\n\n [Boulder](/wiki/Boulder_County%2C_Colorado \"Boulder County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Franceville](/wiki/Franceville%2C_Colorado \"Franceville, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Franceville Junction](/wiki/Franceville_Junction%2C_Colorado \"Franceville Junction, Colorado\")\n\n [El Paso](/wiki/El_Paso_County%2C_Colorado \"El Paso County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Francisco Fort](/wiki/Francisco_Fort \"Francisco Fort\")\n\n [Huerfano](/wiki/Huerfano_County%2C_Colorado \"Huerfano County, Colorado\") |\n [historic civilian fort](/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Colorado \"List of forts in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Frankstown](/wiki/Frankstown%2C_Colorado_Territory \"Frankstown, Colorado Territory\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [ghost town](/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_Colorado \"List of ghost towns in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Franktown](/wiki/Franktown%2C_Colorado \"Franktown, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Fraser](/wiki/Fraser%2C_Colorado \"Fraser, Colorado\")\n\n [Grand](/wiki/Grand_County%2C_Colorado \"Grand County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Frawley](/wiki/Frawley%2C_Colorado \"Frawley, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Frederick](/wiki/Frederick%2C_Colorado \"Frederick, Colorado\")\n\n [Weld](/wiki/Weld_County%2C_Colorado \"Weld County, Colorado\") |\n [statutory town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Statutory_town \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Statutory town\") |\n |\n\n|[Fredonia](/wiki/Fredonia%2C_Colorado \"Fredonia, Colorado\")\n\n [Bent](/wiki/Bent_County%2C_Colorado \"Bent County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Free America](/wiki/Free_America%2C_Colorado \"Free America, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Free Gold](/wiki/Free_Gold%2C_Colorado \"Free Gold, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Freedom](/wiki/Freedom%2C_Colorado \"Freedom, Colorado\")\n\n [Conejos](/wiki/Conejos_County%2C_Colorado \"Conejos County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Freeland](/wiki/Freeland%2C_Colorado \"Freeland, Colorado\")\n\n [Clear Creek](/wiki/Clear_Creek_County%2C_Colorado \"Clear Creek County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Fremont](/wiki/Fremont%2C_Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont, Morgan County, Colorado\")\n\n [Morgan](/wiki/Morgan_County%2C_Colorado \"Morgan County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n\n Fremont |\n Teller |\nsee [Cripple Creek](/wiki/Cripple_Creek%2C_Colorado \"Cripple Creek, Colorado\")\n|[Fremont](/wiki/Fremont%2C_Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Fremont, Washington County, Colorado\")\n\n [Washington](/wiki/Washington_County%2C_Colorado \"Washington County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Frick](/wiki/Frick%2C_Colorado \"Frick, Colorado\")\n\n [Baca](/wiki/Baca_County%2C_Colorado \"Baca County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Friend](/wiki/Friend%2C_Colorado \"Friend, Colorado\")\n\n [Yuma](/wiki/Yuma_County%2C_Colorado \"Yuma County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Friendly Village](/wiki/Friendly_Village%2C_Colorado \"Friendly Village, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [Aurora neighborhood](/wiki/Aurora%2C_Colorado \"Aurora, Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Frisco](/wiki/Frisco%2C_Colorado \"Frisco, Colorado\")\n\n [Summit](/wiki/Summit_County%2C_Colorado \"Summit County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule town](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Frost](/wiki/Frost%2C_Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Frost, Adams County, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Frost](/wiki/Frost%2C_Colorado \"Frost, Colorado\")\n\n [Montrose](/wiki/Montrose_County%2C_Colorado \"Montrose County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Frosts Ranch](/wiki/Rock_Ridge%2C_Colorado \"Rock Ridge, Colorado\")\n\n [Douglas](/wiki/Douglas_County%2C_Colorado \"Douglas County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Fruita](/wiki/Fruita%2C_Colorado \"Fruita, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [home rule city](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado%23Home_rule_municipality \"List of municipalities in Colorado#Home rule municipality\") |\n |\n\n|[Fruitvale](/wiki/Fruitvale%2C_Colorado \"Fruitvale, Colorado\")\n\n [Mesa](/wiki/Mesa_County%2C_Colorado \"Mesa County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Fulford](/wiki/Fulford%2C_Colorado \"Fulford, Colorado\")\n\n [Eagle](/wiki/Eagle_County%2C_Colorado \"Eagle County, Colorado\") |\n [census\\-designated place](/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Colorado \"List of census-designated places in Colorado\") |\n |\n\n|[Fulton](/wiki/Fulton%2C_Colorado \"Fulton, Colorado\")\n\n [Adams](/wiki/Adams_County%2C_Colorado \"Adams County, Colorado\") |\n [former post office](/wiki/List_of_post_offices_in_Colorado \"List of post offices in Colorado\") |\n |\n |\n|[Funston](/wiki/Funston%2C_Colorado \"Funston, Colorado\")\n\n [Garfield](/wiki/Garfield_County%2C_Colorado \"Garfield County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n|[Futurity](/wiki/Futurity%2C_Colorado \"Futurity, Colorado\")\n\n [Chaffee](/wiki/Chaffee_County%2C_Colorado \"Chaffee County, Colorado\") |\n [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area%23United_States \"Unincorporated area#United States\") |\n |\n\n",
"G–O\n---\n\n* [List of populated places in Colorado: G through O](/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Colorado:G%E2%80%93O \"G–O\")\n",
"P–Z\n---\n\n* [List of populated places in Colorado: P through Z](/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Colorado:P%E2%80%93Z \"P–Z\")\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Peter Ladner
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
qegv1kkuw73sxym00i0sus5h8w4bgta
|
2023-10-24T19:52:55Z
| 1,158,177,131 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and education",
"Career",
"Pre-politics",
"Political career",
"Personal life",
"Activism",
"Sister's death",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
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2,
3,
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2
],
"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|Peter Ladner in 2008](/wiki/File:Vancouver_politician_Peter_Ladner_%282008%29.jpg \"Vancouver politician Peter Ladner (2008).jpg\")\n\n**Peter Ladner** (born February 12, 1949\\) is a former [Vancouver](/wiki/Vancouver \"Vancouver\") [city councillor](/wiki/City_council \"City council\"), [Metro Vancouver](/wiki/Metro_Vancouver \"Metro Vancouver\") vice\\-chair and business owner.\n\nLadner has more than 40 years of journalistic experience in print, radio and television; is the author of *The Urban Food Revolution: Changing the Way We Feed Cities*, published by New Society in November, 2011; and is a frequent speaker on business, food, community and sustainability issues. From 2009–2011, he was a Fellow at the Simon Fraser University Centre for Dialogue, researching, teaching and organizing public events around the theme *Planning Cities as if Food Matters*. He has a lifelong interest in growing food. As a city councilor, he worked with the Vancouver Food Policy Council in initiating the city’s program to add 2010 food\\-producing community garden plots by 2010\\.\n\n",
"Early life and education\n------------------------\n\nHis paternal grandfather was the founding partner of what has now merged into [Borden Ladner Gervais LLP](/wiki/Borden_Ladner_Gervais \"Borden Ladner Gervais\"), a prominent Canadian law firm, Peter Ladner grew up in the [Shaughnessy](/wiki/Shaughnessy%2C_Vancouver \"Shaughnessy, Vancouver\") neighbourhood of [Vancouver](/wiki/Vancouver \"Vancouver\"). His ascendants also originally settled and gave their name to the community of [Ladner](/wiki/Ladner%2C_British_Columbia \"Ladner, British Columbia\"), [British Columbia](/wiki/British_Columbia \"British Columbia\").\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\n### Pre\\-politics\n\nLadner briefly attended the nearby [St. George's School](/wiki/St._George%27s_School_%28Vancouver%29 \"St. George's School (Vancouver)\"), before graduating from [Shawnigan Lake School](/wiki/Shawnigan_Lake_School \"Shawnigan Lake School\") on Vancouver Island, and proceeding on to the [University of British Columbia](/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia \"University of British Columbia\") where he obtained a [Bachelor of Arts](/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts \"Bachelor of Arts\") in Sociology and completed one year of a [Master's Degree](/wiki/Master%27s_Degree \"Master's Degree\") in [Urban Planning](/wiki/Urban_Planning \"Urban Planning\").\n\nLadner worked for the *[Vancouver Sun](/wiki/Vancouver_Sun \"Vancouver Sun\")* as a journalist for parts of two summers while attending UBC. He later worked at newspapers on Vancouver Island and was editor of the [Victoria](/wiki/Victoria%2C_British_Columbia \"Victoria, British Columbia\") alternative weekly *[Monday Magazine](/wiki/Monday_Magazine \"Monday Magazine\")* from 1981 to 1986\\. He has written for *[The Globe and Mail](/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail \"The Globe and Mail\")*, *[Canadian Business](/wiki/Canadian_Business \"Canadian Business\")* and *[Saturday Night](/wiki/Saturday_Night_%28magazine%29 \"Saturday Night (magazine)\")*.\n\nPeter Ladner co\\-founded the weekly newspaper *[Business in Vancouver](/wiki/Business_in_Vancouver \"Business in Vancouver\")* (BIV) in 1989 and worked as a BIV columnist until 20127\\. With a weekly readership of 60,000, BIV is branded as Vancouver's leading source of business news, targeted at senior decision\\-makers. It is responsible for several prominent recognition events including the Top 40 Under 40 awards and the Influential Women in Business awards. Business in Vancouver Media Group also publishes an online daily newsletter and numerous magazines and special publications. As publisher of BIV he was nominated for the [Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award](/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young_Entrepreneur_of_the_Year_Award \"Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award\") in the Media category in 1999\\.\n\n### Political career\n\nAs a former member of [Vancouver City Council](/wiki/Vancouver_City_Council \"Vancouver City Council\"), Ladner was a director of [TransLink](/wiki/TransLink_%28British_Columbia%29 \"TransLink (British Columbia)\") and vice\\-chair of [Metro Vancouver](/wiki/Metro_Vancouver \"Metro Vancouver\"), the Regional District. He has been vice\\-chair of the Metro Vancouver Sustainable Region Initiative and a member the World Urban Forum Committee. On City Council, he chaired the budget committee and was a member of committees on transportation and traffic and planning and environment. He was also a member of the Vancouver Economic Development Commission.\n\nDuring his time on [Vancouver City Council](/wiki/Vancouver_City_Council \"Vancouver City Council\"), Ladner was a sustainability and liveability advocate on issues such as transportation, [green buildings](/wiki/Green_buildings \"Green buildings\"), energy use, and [waste reduction](/wiki/Waste_reduction \"Waste reduction\"). He championed [greenhouse gas](/wiki/Greenhouse_gas \"Greenhouse gas\") reduction, setting a goal of making Vancouver [carbon neutral](/wiki/Carbon_neutral \"Carbon neutral\") by 2030\\. An avid cyclist, Ladner introduced the first motion in favour of a [bike sharing](/wiki/Bike_sharing \"Bike sharing\") program.[http://www.peterladner.ca/blog/2007/09/translink\\-motion\\-to\\-support\\-citywide\\-bikes.html](http://www.peterladner.ca/blog/2007/09/translink-motion-to-support-citywide-bikes.html)\n\nOn June 8, 2008, Ladner won the [Non\\-Partisan Association](/wiki/Non-Partisan_Association \"Non-Partisan Association\")'s mayoral nomination for the [2008 municipal election](/wiki/2008_Vancouver_municipal_election \"2008 Vancouver municipal election\"), defeating incumbent mayor [Sam Sullivan](/wiki/Sam_Sullivan \"Sam Sullivan\") in a surprise upset. He defeated Sullivan by 1,066 to 986 votes, after convincing NPA members that Sullivan would be defeated in the upcoming election. However, he was soundly defeated on November 15, 2008 by [Gregor Robertson](/wiki/Gregor_Robertson_%28politician%29 \"Gregor Robertson (politician)\"), the mayoral candidate of [Vision Vancouver](/wiki/Vision_Vancouver \"Vision Vancouver\").\n\n",
"### Pre\\-politics\n\nLadner briefly attended the nearby [St. George's School](/wiki/St._George%27s_School_%28Vancouver%29 \"St. George's School (Vancouver)\"), before graduating from [Shawnigan Lake School](/wiki/Shawnigan_Lake_School \"Shawnigan Lake School\") on Vancouver Island, and proceeding on to the [University of British Columbia](/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia \"University of British Columbia\") where he obtained a [Bachelor of Arts](/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts \"Bachelor of Arts\") in Sociology and completed one year of a [Master's Degree](/wiki/Master%27s_Degree \"Master's Degree\") in [Urban Planning](/wiki/Urban_Planning \"Urban Planning\").\n\nLadner worked for the *[Vancouver Sun](/wiki/Vancouver_Sun \"Vancouver Sun\")* as a journalist for parts of two summers while attending UBC. He later worked at newspapers on Vancouver Island and was editor of the [Victoria](/wiki/Victoria%2C_British_Columbia \"Victoria, British Columbia\") alternative weekly *[Monday Magazine](/wiki/Monday_Magazine \"Monday Magazine\")* from 1981 to 1986\\. He has written for *[The Globe and Mail](/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail \"The Globe and Mail\")*, *[Canadian Business](/wiki/Canadian_Business \"Canadian Business\")* and *[Saturday Night](/wiki/Saturday_Night_%28magazine%29 \"Saturday Night (magazine)\")*.\n\nPeter Ladner co\\-founded the weekly newspaper *[Business in Vancouver](/wiki/Business_in_Vancouver \"Business in Vancouver\")* (BIV) in 1989 and worked as a BIV columnist until 20127\\. With a weekly readership of 60,000, BIV is branded as Vancouver's leading source of business news, targeted at senior decision\\-makers. It is responsible for several prominent recognition events including the Top 40 Under 40 awards and the Influential Women in Business awards. Business in Vancouver Media Group also publishes an online daily newsletter and numerous magazines and special publications. As publisher of BIV he was nominated for the [Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award](/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young_Entrepreneur_of_the_Year_Award \"Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award\") in the Media category in 1999\\.\n\n",
"### Political career\n\nAs a former member of [Vancouver City Council](/wiki/Vancouver_City_Council \"Vancouver City Council\"), Ladner was a director of [TransLink](/wiki/TransLink_%28British_Columbia%29 \"TransLink (British Columbia)\") and vice\\-chair of [Metro Vancouver](/wiki/Metro_Vancouver \"Metro Vancouver\"), the Regional District. He has been vice\\-chair of the Metro Vancouver Sustainable Region Initiative and a member the World Urban Forum Committee. On City Council, he chaired the budget committee and was a member of committees on transportation and traffic and planning and environment. He was also a member of the Vancouver Economic Development Commission.\n\nDuring his time on [Vancouver City Council](/wiki/Vancouver_City_Council \"Vancouver City Council\"), Ladner was a sustainability and liveability advocate on issues such as transportation, [green buildings](/wiki/Green_buildings \"Green buildings\"), energy use, and [waste reduction](/wiki/Waste_reduction \"Waste reduction\"). He championed [greenhouse gas](/wiki/Greenhouse_gas \"Greenhouse gas\") reduction, setting a goal of making Vancouver [carbon neutral](/wiki/Carbon_neutral \"Carbon neutral\") by 2030\\. An avid cyclist, Ladner introduced the first motion in favour of a [bike sharing](/wiki/Bike_sharing \"Bike sharing\") program.[http://www.peterladner.ca/blog/2007/09/translink\\-motion\\-to\\-support\\-citywide\\-bikes.html](http://www.peterladner.ca/blog/2007/09/translink-motion-to-support-citywide-bikes.html)\n\nOn June 8, 2008, Ladner won the [Non\\-Partisan Association](/wiki/Non-Partisan_Association \"Non-Partisan Association\")'s mayoral nomination for the [2008 municipal election](/wiki/2008_Vancouver_municipal_election \"2008 Vancouver municipal election\"), defeating incumbent mayor [Sam Sullivan](/wiki/Sam_Sullivan \"Sam Sullivan\") in a surprise upset. He defeated Sullivan by 1,066 to 986 votes, after convincing NPA members that Sullivan would be defeated in the upcoming election. However, he was soundly defeated on November 15, 2008 by [Gregor Robertson](/wiki/Gregor_Robertson_%28politician%29 \"Gregor Robertson (politician)\"), the mayoral candidate of [Vision Vancouver](/wiki/Vision_Vancouver \"Vision Vancouver\").\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\n### Activism\n\nLadner is the chair of the [David Suzuki Foundation](/wiki/David_Suzuki_Foundation \"David Suzuki Foundation\") and former chair of The Natural Step Canada board and the Leon and Thea Koerner Foundation board. He also served on the boards of the Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society, Leadership Vancouver, the International Centre for Sustainable Cities, the [University of British Columbia](/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia \"University of British Columbia\") Alumni Association, New Media BC, the International Association of Area Business Publications, the Fraser Basin Council and the Forum for Women Entrepreneurs. He participated in the Vancouver City Planning Commission, the capital campaign committee for [Vancouver Public Library](/wiki/Vancouver_Public_Library \"Vancouver Public Library\") and the Central Valley Greenway.\n\nLadner is a long\\-time [environmentalist](/wiki/Environmentalist \"Environmentalist\"), healthy living enthusiast, and advocate of the smart city concept of using technology to make government more efficient and effective. He blogs occasionally about the urban food revolution at urbanfoodrevolution.com and on issues of [sustainability](/wiki/Sustainability \"Sustainability\") and civic governance in Vancouver and elsewhere on his personal website.\n\nHe is a former age\\-group record holder in the North Shore Knee\\-knackering Trail run, a 50\\-km ultramarathon from Horseshoe Bay to Deep Cove.\n\n### Sister's death\n\nOn April 3, 2009, Peter Ladner's sister, Wendy Ladner\\-Beaudry, was found dead in [Pacific Spirit Park](/wiki/Pacific_Spirit_Park \"Pacific Spirit Park\"), \"the victim of an apparent random attack.\"Peter McKnight, \"Let's not hand over our parks to those we fear\". *[Vancouver Sun](/wiki/Vancouver_Sun \"Vancouver Sun\")*, April 7, 2009, p.A1 Wendy was the co\\-chair of the [BC Games Society](/wiki/BC_Games_Society \"BC Games Society\") and \"past board member of Sports BC and chair of the KidSport Fund, a national charity set up to help low\\-income families participate in sport.\"Doug Ward, \"Slain athlete praised for her volunteer work, *Vancouver Sun*, p.A3\n\n[John Furlong (VANOC CEO)](/wiki/John_Furlong_%28sports_administrator%29 \"John Furlong (sports administrator)\") had become a close friend to Wendy and reserved a spot in the [2010 Olympics Torch Relay](/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics_torch_relay \"2010 Winter Olympics torch relay\") for the Ladner\\-Beaudry family.\n\nPeter Ladner stated that, despite the tragedy of his sister's murder, Vancouver remains a safe city to live in. In a public statement, Ladner stressed that: \"Our family, all of us, pledge to work diligently with the police, the neighbours and the wider community to bring this killer to justice and establish the safety of our entire community.\"[Ladner speaks out about sister's killing](http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/ladner-speaks-out-about-sister-s-killing-1.774804) Sunday, April 5, 2009, CBC News\n\n",
"### Activism\n\nLadner is the chair of the [David Suzuki Foundation](/wiki/David_Suzuki_Foundation \"David Suzuki Foundation\") and former chair of The Natural Step Canada board and the Leon and Thea Koerner Foundation board. He also served on the boards of the Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society, Leadership Vancouver, the International Centre for Sustainable Cities, the [University of British Columbia](/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia \"University of British Columbia\") Alumni Association, New Media BC, the International Association of Area Business Publications, the Fraser Basin Council and the Forum for Women Entrepreneurs. He participated in the Vancouver City Planning Commission, the capital campaign committee for [Vancouver Public Library](/wiki/Vancouver_Public_Library \"Vancouver Public Library\") and the Central Valley Greenway.\n\nLadner is a long\\-time [environmentalist](/wiki/Environmentalist \"Environmentalist\"), healthy living enthusiast, and advocate of the smart city concept of using technology to make government more efficient and effective. He blogs occasionally about the urban food revolution at urbanfoodrevolution.com and on issues of [sustainability](/wiki/Sustainability \"Sustainability\") and civic governance in Vancouver and elsewhere on his personal website.\n\nHe is a former age\\-group record holder in the North Shore Knee\\-knackering Trail run, a 50\\-km ultramarathon from Horseshoe Bay to Deep Cove.\n\n",
"### Sister's death\n\nOn April 3, 2009, Peter Ladner's sister, Wendy Ladner\\-Beaudry, was found dead in [Pacific Spirit Park](/wiki/Pacific_Spirit_Park \"Pacific Spirit Park\"), \"the victim of an apparent random attack.\"Peter McKnight, \"Let's not hand over our parks to those we fear\". *[Vancouver Sun](/wiki/Vancouver_Sun \"Vancouver Sun\")*, April 7, 2009, p.A1 Wendy was the co\\-chair of the [BC Games Society](/wiki/BC_Games_Society \"BC Games Society\") and \"past board member of Sports BC and chair of the KidSport Fund, a national charity set up to help low\\-income families participate in sport.\"Doug Ward, \"Slain athlete praised for her volunteer work, *Vancouver Sun*, p.A3\n\n[John Furlong (VANOC CEO)](/wiki/John_Furlong_%28sports_administrator%29 \"John Furlong (sports administrator)\") had become a close friend to Wendy and reserved a spot in the [2010 Olympics Torch Relay](/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics_torch_relay \"2010 Winter Olympics torch relay\") for the Ladner\\-Beaudry family.\n\nPeter Ladner stated that, despite the tragedy of his sister's murder, Vancouver remains a safe city to live in. In a public statement, Ladner stressed that: \"Our family, all of us, pledge to work diligently with the police, the neighbours and the wider community to bring this killer to justice and establish the safety of our entire community.\"[Ladner speaks out about sister's killing](http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/ladner-speaks-out-about-sister-s-killing-1.774804) Sunday, April 5, 2009, CBC News\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [City Website](https://web.archive.org/web/20051210143306/http://www.city.vancouver.bc.ca/ctyclerk/councillors/ladner.htm)\n* [PeterLadner.ca](http://www.peterladner.ca/)\n* [Vancouver Non Partisan Association](http://www.npavancouver.ca/)\n\n[Category:1949 births](/wiki/Category:1949_births \"1949 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Businesspeople from Vancouver](/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Vancouver \"Businesspeople from Vancouver\")\n[Category:Non\\-Partisan Association councillors](/wiki/Category:Non-Partisan_Association_councillors \"Non-Partisan Association councillors\")\n[Category:University of British Columbia alumni](/wiki/Category:University_of_British_Columbia_alumni \"University of British Columbia alumni\")\n[Category:Canadian newspaper journalists](/wiki/Category:Canadian_newspaper_journalists \"Canadian newspaper journalists\")\n[Category:Canadian political writers](/wiki/Category:Canadian_political_writers \"Canadian political writers\")\n[Category:Canadian male bloggers](/wiki/Category:Canadian_male_bloggers \"Canadian male bloggers\")\n[Category:St. George's School (Vancouver) alumni](/wiki/Category:St._George%27s_School_%28Vancouver%29_alumni \"St. George's School (Vancouver) alumni\")\n[Category:Writers from Vancouver](/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Vancouver \"Writers from Vancouver\")\n[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Place of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Shawnigan Lake School alumni](/wiki/Category:Shawnigan_Lake_School_alumni \"Shawnigan Lake School alumni\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Mepron
|
{
"id": [
11291818
],
"name": [
"Whywhenwhohow"
]
}
|
10r347tiologojhloet2382mztvd0oh
|
2020-09-18T23:36:31Z
| 932,990,702 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Mepron"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Mepron** may refer to:\n* Mepron, a brand name of the medication [atovaquone](/wiki/Atovaquone \"Atovaquone\")\n* [Mepron (rumen\\-protected methionine)](/wiki/Mepron_%28rumen-protected_methionine%29 \"Mepron (rumen-protected methionine)\"), a trademarked source of methionine used in dairy cattle\n\n"
]
}
|
Berantevilla
|
{
"id": [
45853341
],
"name": [
"Salmoonlight"
]
}
|
go02uky9z7t0k70k89p94fxtznwitlp
|
2024-05-16T22:48:52Z
| 1,223,886,332 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Berantevilla** is a town and [municipality](/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain \"Municipalities of Spain\") located in the province of [Álava](/wiki/%C3%81lava \"Álava\"), in the [Basque Country](/wiki/Basque_Country_%28autonomous_community%29 \"Basque Country (autonomous community)\"), northern [Spain](/wiki/Spain \"Spain\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [BERANTEVILLA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa \\- Auñamendi Encyclopedia](http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&op=7&voz=BERANTEVILLA) \n\n[Category:Municipalities in Álava](/wiki/Category:Municipalities_in_%C3%81lava \"Municipalities in Álava\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi
|
{
"id": [
34452882
],
"name": [
"Aza24"
]
}
|
pbrzfudygiurc9vk3wrxfxr99cq173m
|
2024-08-13T22:51:53Z
| 1,238,314,142 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and education",
"Career and later life",
"Selected writings",
"Books",
"Articles",
"References",
"Notes",
"Citations",
"Sources",
"Further reading",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Calvocoressi, ](/wiki/File:Michel-Dimitri_Calvocoressi_001.jpg \"Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi 001.jpg\")\n\n**Michel\\-Dimitri Calvocoressi** (2 October 1877 – 1 February 1944\\) was a French\\-born [music critic](/wiki/Music_critic \"Music critic\") and [musicologist](/wiki/Musicologist \"Musicologist\") of Greek descent who was a British citizen and resident in England from 1914 onwards. He is especially noted for his writings on [Russian classical music](/wiki/Russian_classical_music \"Russian classical music\"), particularly on the life and works of [Modest Mussorgsky](/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky \"Modest Mussorgsky\"), and his close association with the French musical establishment.\n\nBorn in [Marseille](/wiki/Marseille \"Marseille\"), Calvocoressi learned numerous languages in his youth and attempted various careers before settling on music criticism. His early career was spent as an influential music critic in Paris, where he contributed to English and French newspapers: *[Gil Blas](/wiki/Gil_Blas_%28periodical%29 \"Gil Blas (periodical)\")*, the *[Comoedia Illustré](/wiki/Comoedia_Illustr%C3%A9 \"Comoedia Illustré\")*, *[The Morning Post](/wiki/The_Morning_Post \"The Morning Post\")* and *[The Musical Times](/wiki/The_Musical_Times \"The Musical Times\")*, among others. He was well acquainted with the city's musical figures, particularly [Maurice Ravel](/wiki/Maurice_Ravel \"Maurice Ravel\"). Alongside Ravel and the pianist [Ricardo Viñes](/wiki/Ricardo_Vi%C3%B1es \"Ricardo Viñes\"), Calvocoressi founded the [Apaches](/wiki/Les_Apaches \"Les Apaches\") musical society.\n\nAfter serving as a [cryptographer](/wiki/Cryptographer \"Cryptographer\") in England for World War I, he remained in London to continue criticism and musicological writing for the rest of his life. Although he wrote his later books in English and came to know English cultural figures such as [Arnold Bennett](/wiki/Arnold_Bennett \"Arnold Bennett\") and [Ralph Vaughan Williams](/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams \"Ralph Vaughan Williams\"), his colleague [Gerald Abraham](/wiki/Gerald_Abraham \"Gerald Abraham\") remarked that \"he never enjoyed the influence and authority in London that he had exercised in Paris\". In addition to his writings on Russian music and Mussorgsky, he wrote on the music of [Liszt](/wiki/Franz_Liszt \"Franz Liszt\"), [Glinka](/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka \"Mikhail Glinka\"), [Schumann](/wiki/Robert_Schumann \"Robert Schumann\"), [Koechlin](/wiki/Charles_Koechlin \"Charles Koechlin\") and [Debussy](/wiki/Claude_Debussy \"Claude Debussy\").\n\n",
"Early life and education\n------------------------\n\nMichel\\-Dimitri Calvocoressi was born in [Marseille](/wiki/Marseille \"Marseille\"), France on 2 October 1877 to [Greek](/wiki/Greeks \"Greeks\") parents. In his earliest years he learned French, [Greek](/wiki/Greek_language \"Greek language\"), [Italian](/wiki/Italian_language \"Italian language\"), English and later German; he noted that \"I read far more English books than French.\" At the École Monge high school of Paris, he developed a lifelong interest in [geology](/wiki/Geology \"Geology\") and [mineralogy](/wiki/Mineralogy \"Mineralogy\"). The musicologist [Gerald Abraham](/wiki/Gerald_Abraham \"Gerald Abraham\") notes that Calvocoressi had \"a number of false starts at other careers: law, banking and stockbroking\". At first, he studied at the [Lycée Janson de Sailly](/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Janson_de_Sailly \"Lycée Janson de Sailly\"), Paris, but inspiration from an [Orchestre Lamoureux](/wiki/Orchestre_Lamoureux \"Orchestre Lamoureux\") concert of [Richard Wagner](/wiki/Richard_Wagner \"Richard Wagner\")'s works galvanized his interest in music.\n\nAlongside his piano lessons with Eugène Claveau, Calvocoressi frequented the Parisian concert scene, with works by [Bach](/wiki/Bach \"Bach\"), [Liszt](/wiki/Liszt \"Liszt\"), [d'Indy](/wiki/D%27Indy \"D'Indy\"), Wagner, and the [Romantic](/wiki/Romantic_music \"Romantic music\") Russian composers in particular leaving a lasting impression. He began harmony study at the [Conservatoire de Paris](/wiki/Conservatoire_de_Paris \"Conservatoire de Paris\") with [Xavier Leroux](/wiki/Xavier_Leroux \"Xavier Leroux\"), where he became friends with the composer [Maurice Ravel](/wiki/Maurice_Ravel \"Maurice Ravel\"); Ravel later dedicated \"Alborada del gracioso\" from the piano suite *[Miroirs](/wiki/Miroirs \"Miroirs\")* to Calvocoressi. Ravel also harmonized a set of Greek folk songs which Calvocoressi translated, known as , and may have inspired the composer's piano *[Sonatine](/wiki/Sonatine_%28Ravel%29 \"Sonatine (Ravel)\")*. Calvocoressi, Ravel and the pianist [Ricardo Viñes](/wiki/Ricardo_Vi%C3%B1es \"Ricardo Viñes\") founded the [Apaches](/wiki/Les_Apaches \"Les Apaches\") music society.. Other members were the composers [Florent Schmitt](/wiki/Florent_Schmitt \"Florent Schmitt\"), [Maurice Delage](/wiki/Maurice_Delage \"Maurice Delage\") and [Paul Ladmirault](/wiki/Paul_Ladmirault \"Paul Ladmirault\"), the poets [Léon\\-Paul Fargue](/wiki/L%C3%A9on-Paul_Fargue \"Léon-Paul Fargue\") and [Tristan Klingsor](/wiki/Tristan_Klingsor \"Tristan Klingsor\") and the painter [Paul Sordes](/wiki/Paul_Sordes \"Paul Sordes\").\n\n",
"Career and later life\n---------------------\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Michel\\-Dimitri Calvocoressi, 1909 ([Léon Bakst](/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bakst \"Léon Bakst\"))](/wiki/File:Michel_Dimitri_Calvocoressi_%281877-1944%29_by_Lev_Samoilovich_Bakst_%28Leon_Bakst%29_%28Russian%2C_1866-1924%29.jpg \"Michel Dimitri Calvocoressi (1877-1944) by Lev Samoilovich Bakst (Leon Bakst) (Russian, 1866-1924).jpg\")\n\nCalvocoressi's music criticism career can be divided into two: a French (1902–1914\\) and English (1921–1944\\) period. Described by Abraham as \"a remarkable polyglot\", Calvocoressi's career beginning in 1902 was as a music critic and correspondent for several English, American, German and Russian periodicals. Encouraged by the novelist [Binet\\-Valmer](/wiki/Binet-Valmer \"Binet-Valmer\"), the latter introduced him to [Octave Maus](/wiki/Octave_Maus \"Octave Maus\"), an editor of the monthly *[L'Art Moderne](/wiki/L%27Art_Moderne \"L'Art Moderne\")* magazine. Calvocoressi became the Paris musical correspondent for *L'Art Moderne* and music critic for Binet\\-Valmer's *La Renaissance latine* magazine; around then he also was music critic for the Anglo\\-French *Weekly Critical Review*. Although some of these publications became obsolete in the next few years, Calvocoressi was well established enough to be unaffected. He contributed to other publications and various time: the daily *[Gil Blas](/wiki/Gil_Blas_%28periodical%29 \"Gil Blas (periodical)\")*, the fortnightly *[Comoedia Illustré'](/wiki/Comoedia_Illustr%C3%A9%27 \"Comoedia Illustré'\")' (part of* [Comœdia](/wiki/Com%C5%93dia \"Comœdia\")*), the daily* [The Morning Post](/wiki/The_Morning_Post \"The Morning Post\") *and particularly monthly* [Musical Times](/wiki/The_Musical_Times \"The Musical Times\")*.*\n\nCalvocoressi published his first book—a study on [Franz Liszt](/wiki/Franz_Liszt \"Franz Liszt\")—in 1905, the year when he began writing for the English Monthly Musical Record'', began both a correspondence with the Russian composer [Mily Balakirev](/wiki/Mily_Balakirev \"Mily Balakirev\") and developed a general interest in Russian music, particularly the work of [Modest Mussorgsky](/wiki/Modest_Mussorgsky \"Modest Mussorgsky\"). From 1907 to 1910 he served as an advisor for the impresario [Sergei Diaghilev](/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev \"Sergei Diaghilev\"), who organized Russian music and ballet concerts in Paris. For his efforts, the Russian government granted him the [Order of Saint Anna](/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Anna \"Order of Saint Anna\"), while the Soviets later elected him a member of the [Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union](/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Soviet_Union \"Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union\"). He visited Russia for the first and only time in 1914, meeting with musical figures such as [Alexander Glazunov](/wiki/Alexander_Glazunov \"Alexander Glazunov\"). Calvocoressi lectured at the [École des Hautes Études Sociales](/wiki/%C3%89cole_pratique_des_hautes_%C3%A9tudes \"École pratique des hautes études\") from 1905 to 1914, teaching about contemporary music. He also translated song texts, opera librettos and books from Russian and Hungarian into French and English. His next books included studies on Mussorgsky (1908\\), [Glinka](/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka \"Mikhail Glinka\") (1911\\) and [Schumann](/wiki/Schumann \"Schumann\") (1912\\).\n\nCalvocoressi paused music criticism at the onset of [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\") in 1914, but found himself unable to serve the French due to his Greek ancestry. Later that year he moved to [London](/wiki/London \"London\") and served as a [cryptographer](/wiki/Cryptographer \"Cryptographer\"). He spent the rest of his life in England; he was naturalized and married Ethel Grey, a British citizen who was the dedicatee of many of his future books. These later studies were all in English, and their subjects included [Koechlin](/wiki/Charles_Koechlin \"Charles Koechlin\") (1923\\), music criticism (1923\\), musical taste (1925\\), recollections of his musical experiences (1933\\), [Debussy](/wiki/Claude_Debussy \"Claude Debussy\") (1944\\) as well on two studies each on Russian music (1936 \\& 1944\\) and Mussorgsky specifically (1946 \\& 1956\\). Although he continued music criticism in London from 1921 onwards, Abraham remarked that \"he never enjoyed the influence and authority in London that he had exercised in Paris\". Calvocoressi became well acquainted with \"many distinguished Englishmen\", including the author [Arnold Bennett](/wiki/Arnold_Bennett \"Arnold Bennett\") and the composer [Ralph Vaughan Williams](/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams \"Ralph Vaughan Williams\"). He died in London on 1 February 1944\\.\n\n",
"Selected writings\n-----------------\n\n### Books\n\n### Articles\n\n",
"### Books\n\n",
"### Articles\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n### Notes\n\n### Citations\n\n### Sources\n\n**Books**\n\n**Articles**\n\n",
"### Notes\n\n",
"### Citations\n\n",
"### Sources\n\n**Books**\n\n**Articles**\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Articles](https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?si=1&Query=au:%22M.+D.+Calvocoressi%22) by Calvocoressi on [JSTOR](/wiki/JSTOR \"JSTOR\")\n* [The Michel\\-Dmitri Calvocoressi Manuscripts](http://hdl.handle.net/1903.1/12673) – Special Collections at the [University of Maryland](/wiki/University_of_Maryland \"University of Maryland\")\n[Category:1877 births](/wiki/Category:1877_births \"1877 births\")\n[Category:1944 deaths](/wiki/Category:1944_deaths \"1944 deaths\")\n[Category:Writers from Marseille](/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Marseille \"Writers from Marseille\")\n[Category:French people of Greek descent](/wiki/Category:French_people_of_Greek_descent \"French people of Greek descent\")\n[Category:French music critics](/wiki/Category:French_music_critics \"French music critics\")\n[Category:French male non\\-fiction writers](/wiki/Category:French_male_non-fiction_writers \"French male non-fiction writers\")\n[Category:20th\\-century French musicologists](/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_musicologists \"20th-century French musicologists\")\n[Category:French emigrants to the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:French_emigrants_to_the_United_Kingdom \"French emigrants to the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Naturalised_citizens_of_the_United_Kingdom \"Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Mussorgsky scholars](/wiki/Category:Mussorgsky_scholars \"Mussorgsky scholars\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Ralph D. Parker
|
{
"id": [
575347
],
"name": [
"Sammi Brie"
]
}
|
gzvgzl6upazqh49uyqhkm8tmkfuf1fp
|
2022-11-02T07:07:35Z
| 912,815,308 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Ralph D. Parker** (1898–1983\\) worked in the Canadian mining industry. In 1921, he obtained a [B. Sc.](/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science \"Bachelor of Science\") degree from the [University of California](/wiki/University_of_California \"University of California\").\n\nParker became a superintendent of mines at [Inco](/wiki/CVRD_Inco \"CVRD Inco\") beginning in 1931\\. He rose through the company and became senior vice\\-president. In 1963, he retired and was awarded, as the first recipient, the Chairman's Citation. Scientists under his direction developed the aerial [magnetometer](/wiki/Magnetometer \"Magnetometer\"), a device used by the military to locate submarines.\n\nHe was inducted into the [Canadian Mining Hall of Fame](/wiki/Canadian_Mining_Hall_of_Fame \"Canadian Mining Hall of Fame\") and [R. D. Parker Collegiate](/wiki/R._D._Parker_Collegiate \"R. D. Parker Collegiate\") a high school in Thompson, Manitoba is named in his honour.\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Mining Hall of Fame \\- Ralph D. Parker](http://www.mininghalloffame.ca/inductees/p-r/ralph_d._parker)\n\n[Category:1898 births](/wiki/Category:1898_births \"1898 births\")\n[Category:1983 deaths](/wiki/Category:1983_deaths \"1983 deaths\")\n[Category:Canadian miners](/wiki/Category:Canadian_miners \"Canadian miners\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Pauly Fuemana
|
{
"id": [
1534529
],
"name": [
"Heroeswithmetaphors"
]
}
|
4detkfq8l31oce79le18yoiu2nspuvp
|
2024-08-13T22:03:26Z
| 1,240,161,485 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"OMC",
"Death and legacy",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Paul Lawrence Fuemana** (8 February 1969 – 31 January 2010\\) was a New Zealand singer, songwriter and musician from [Auckland](/wiki/Auckland \"Auckland\").Obituary *[London Independent](/wiki/The_Independent \"The Independent\")*, 6 April 2010\\. One of the first globally successful pioneers of his country's unique style of [hip\\-hop](/wiki/New_Zealand_hip_hop \"New Zealand hip hop\"), Fuemana was one of New Zealand's greatest popular music icons of the 1990s.\n\nBorn in [Ōtara](/wiki/%C5%8Ctara \"Ōtara\"), South Auckland, to a [Niuean](/wiki/Niue \"Niue\") father and a [Māori](/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people \"Māori people\") mother, Pauly had a difficult, poverty\\-stricken childhood, where his only real enjoyment came from making music with his brothers. Speaking [Niuean](/wiki/Niuean_language \"Niuean language\") as his first language, he saw the world in a uniquely Polynesian way, and made music accordingly. Leading the rap trio and then joint music project, the [Otara Millionaires Club](/wiki/Otara_Millionaires_Club \"Otara Millionaires Club\") (abbreviated to [OMC](/wiki/OMC_%28band%29 \"OMC (band)\")) his 1996 debut album *[How Bizarre](/wiki/How_Bizarre_%28album%29 \"How Bizarre (album)\")* and its [eponymous lead single](/wiki/How_Bizarre_%28song%29 \"How Bizarre (song)\") became a huge success across the world. The name OMC was ironic, as its namesake of his home of Ōtara was one of the poorest communities in the whole of the large island nation. Along with his brother [Phil Fuemana](/wiki/Phil_Fuemana \"Phil Fuemana\"), Pauly cultivated the unique [South Auckland](/wiki/South_Auckland \"South Auckland\") musical genre of [Urban Pasifika](/wiki/Urban_Pasifika \"Urban Pasifika\"), bringing it to worldwide commercial and critical acclaim.\n\nFuemana was often considered a [one\\-hit wonder](/wiki/One-hit_wonder \"One-hit wonder\") because of the unequalled success of \"How Bizarre\", which overshadowed his other, relatively successful work, such as the singles \"[On the Run](/wiki/On_The_Run_%28OMC_song%29 \"On The Run (OMC song)\")\", \"Never Coming Back\" and \"Land of Plenty\". In a 1997 interview, he reflected on what was once a witticism to himself and his home – an \"Otara millionaire\" – now represented his reality. Shortly after his rise to fame, OMC was put on indefinite hiatus due to disputes with his US record label. In 1998, he was also involved in a lawsuit filed by his producer and co\\-writer Alan Jansson over royalties due to Jansson. It was settled in arbitration. Fuemana focused on his wife Kristine and six children, but grew sick during the mid 2000s; by the end of the decade, he had been diagnosed with [chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy](/wiki/Chronic_inflammatory_demyelinating_polyneuropathy \"Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy\"), an extremely rare [neurological disorder](/wiki/Neurological_disorder \"Neurological disorder\") similar to [multiple sclerosis](/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis \"Multiple sclerosis\"). Fuemana kept his illness private. He died in 2010, at age 40\\. Posthumously, his music has found success on [TikTok](/wiki/TikTok \"TikTok\").\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nFuemana was born in [Auckland](/wiki/Auckland \"Auckland\"), to parents Takiula Fuemana and Olivia Hohaia. He was of half\\-[Niuean](/wiki/Niue \"Niue\") and half\\-[Māori](/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people \"Māori people\") descent. His father, Takiula Fuemana, was originally from [Mutalau](/wiki/Mutalau \"Mutalau\"), Niue, before emigrating to New Zealand, while his mother was [Taranaki](/wiki/Taranaki_%28iwi%29 \"Taranaki (iwi)\") Māori. Fuemana was the youngest of four children.\n\nFuemana was raised in [Ōtara](/wiki/%C5%8Ctara \"Ōtara\"), a suburb in [South Auckland](/wiki/South_Auckland \"South Auckland\") with a large [Pacific Islander](/wiki/Pacific_Islander \"Pacific Islander\") population.\n\n",
"OMC\n---\n\nOtara Millionaires Club was formed by older brother [Phil Fuemana](/wiki/Phil_Fuemana \"Phil Fuemana\") and was passed on to Pauly Fuemana. The name was ironic or tongue in cheek, as the Ōtara neighbourhood was one of Auckland's poorest communities. Pauly later shortened the band's name to OMC, forming a musical partnership with Alan Jansson (as OMC) who co\\-wrote and produced the *How Bizarre* album. Signed to Auckland independent label Huh Records by [Simon Grigg](/wiki/Simon_Grigg \"Simon Grigg\"), OMC reached worldwide fame in 1996 and 1997 with the single \"[How Bizarre](/wiki/How_Bizarre_%28song%29 \"How Bizarre (song)\")\", from their [debut album of the same name](/wiki/How_Bizarre_%28album%29 \"How Bizarre (album)\"). OMC and Jansson ceased recording in 1998 but recorded again in 2005 to 2007\\. Recording \"4 all of us\", a single that featured [Lucy Lawless](/wiki/Lucy_Lawless \"Lucy Lawless\"), Fuemana's portion of the royalties was donated to the Race Relations Commission.\n\nHow Bizarre, which was named Single of the Year at the 1996 [New Zealand Music Awards](/wiki/New_Zealand_Music_Awards \"New Zealand Music Awards\"), hit number one around the world, including Australia, [Austria](/wiki/Austria \"Austria\"), Canada, Ireland and New Zealand.[charts.org.nz – How Bizarre](https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=OMC&titel=How+Bizarre&cat=s) In 2002, it reached No. 71 on the list of 100 Greatest One\\-Hit Wonders. The single was a chart hit in many countries and spent multiple weeks at number one in several countries, reaching the top for two weeks in Austria, three weeks in Ireland, three weeks in New Zealand and five weeks in Australia.\n\nFuemana often spoke about the song: \"I put a lot of hidden stories in there so people could read between the lines and sense it for what it is instead of telling them, 'Yeah, we got pulled over by the cops, and my mate got his head smashed in, and we got arrested, and they found some pot on him',\" he told Reuters in a 1997 interview.\n\nFuemana declared bankruptcy in 2006\\.\n\nHow Bizarre is still played worldwide more than 27 years after its release. More than a million copies of the *How Bizarre* album were sold. It is one of the most successful songs recorded in New Zealand. OMC was voted \\#34 on the [APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time](/wiki/APRA_Top_100_New_Zealand_Songs_of_All_Time \"APRA Top 100 New Zealand Songs of All Time\").\n\n",
"Death and legacy\n----------------\n\nFuemana died at [North Shore Hospital](/wiki/North_Shore_Hospital \"North Shore Hospital\") on 31 January 2010, aged 40, of respiratory failure following a protracted battle with [chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy](/wiki/Chronic_inflammatory_demyelinating_polyneuropathy \"Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy\"). His health had been declining for several years, and he developed [pneumonia](/wiki/Pneumonia \"Pneumonia\") a few months before his death.\n\nHe is survived by his wife, Kirstine Fuemana, a New Zealander whom he had met in 1993 and married in 2002, and his six children.\n\nFuemana's funeral was held on 5 February 2010, at the Pacific Island Presbyterian Church in [Newton, New Zealand](/wiki/Newton%2C_New_Zealand \"Newton, New Zealand\"). The 200 attendees included rappers Dei Hamo, Ermehn and Darryl Thompson (also known as DLT), Alan Jansson, [Simon Grigg](/wiki/Simon_Grigg \"Simon Grigg\"), [Nathan Haines](/wiki/Nathan_Haines \"Nathan Haines\") and the mayor of Auckland, [Len Brown](/wiki/Len_Brown \"Len Brown\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [AudioCulture profile](http://www.audioculture.co.nz/people/omc)\n* [Huh Records](https://www.simongrigg.info/huhcat.htm)\n* [RIP PaulyFuemana on Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/PaulyFuemana)\n* [Sunday Star Times: Fuemana: the money, the violence, the drugs](https://web.archive.org/web/20100211020712/http://www.stuff.co.nz/sunday-star-times/news/3300801/Fuemana-the-money-the-violence-the-drugs/)\n* [Stuff.co.nz: Pauly Fuemana – The Real Story](http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/celebrities/3301104/Pauly-Fuemana-The-real-story)\n\n[Category:1969 births](/wiki/Category:1969_births \"1969 births\")\n[Category:2010 deaths](/wiki/Category:2010_deaths \"2010 deaths\")\n[Category:APRA Award winners](/wiki/Category:APRA_Award_winners \"APRA Award winners\")\n[Category:New Zealand people of Niuean descent](/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_people_of_Niuean_descent \"New Zealand people of Niuean descent\")\n[Category:New Zealand Māori musicians](/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_M%C4%81ori_musicians \"New Zealand Māori musicians\")\n[Category:New Zealand pop singers](/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_pop_singers \"New Zealand pop singers\")\n[Category:New Zealand male singer\\-songwriters](/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_male_singer-songwriters \"New Zealand male singer-songwriters\")\n[Category:New Zealand singer\\-songwriters](/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_singer-songwriters \"New Zealand singer-songwriters\")\n[Category:Musicians from Auckland](/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Auckland \"Musicians from Auckland\")\n[Category:Taranaki (iwi)](/wiki/Category:Taranaki_%28iwi%29 \"Taranaki (iwi)\")\n[Category:Deaths from respiratory failure](/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_respiratory_failure \"Deaths from respiratory failure\")\n[Category:Deaths from autoimmune disease](/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_autoimmune_disease \"Deaths from autoimmune disease\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Marañón, Navarre
|
{
"id": [
7801357
],
"name": [
"Ulric1313"
]
}
|
890ftrynjc1lkfmazlunauuc3o5nvl7
|
2021-03-08T04:04:39Z
| 973,721,672 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"[thumb\\|Marañón](/wiki/File:Mara%C3%B1%C3%B3n_01.jpg \"Marañón 01.jpg\")\n**Marañón** is a town and [municipality](/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain \"Municipalities of Spain\") located in the province and autonomous community of [Navarre](/wiki/Navarre \"Navarre\"), northern [Spain](/wiki/Spain \"Spain\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [MARAÑÓN in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa \\- Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)](http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&op=7&voz=MARAÑÓN) \n\n[Category:Municipalities in Navarre](/wiki/Category:Municipalities_in_Navarre \"Municipalities in Navarre\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Bay 93.9
|
{
"id": [
48403601
],
"name": [
"Michael.itsMiami"
]
}
|
4o7oxuyn1zsrxesl3shhv5bapslvxou
|
2024-09-07T08:27:53Z
| 1,232,857,686 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Announcers",
"Current Announcers",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Bay 93\\.9** (Stylised as **Bay 93\\.9**, call sign: **3BAY**) is a commercial FM radio station based in [Geelong](/wiki/Geelong \"Geelong\"), Victoria, Australia. Commencing broadcasting in 1989, the station broadcasts an [adult contemporary](/wiki/Adult_contemporary \"Adult contemporary\") format.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nInitially known as Bay FM, the station was originally licensed as part of a Commonwealth Government plan to increase the diversity of radio services in regional centres. The station's launch date is disputed – the [Australian Communications and Media Authority](/wiki/Australian_Communications_and_Media_Authority \"Australian Communications and Media Authority\"), which oversees licensing of radio services in Australia, lists the station's launch date as 10 December 1989\\.\n\n",
"Announcers\n----------\n\n### Current Announcers\n\n* Lisa (Milly) Millard – **The Morning Crew** 06:00 – 9:00 (6–9 am) weekdays\n* Mark Hyland – **The Morning Crew** – 06:00 – 9:00 (6–9 am) weekdays\n* Craig Meddings – **Workdays** 9:00 – 14:00 (9am–2pm) weekdays including **\"The 80's Lunch\"**\n* Daryl Reader – **Drive** 14:00 – 18:00 (2–6 pm) Weekdays.\n* Dave Ferguson – **Bay Property Guide** 8am–10am Saturday\n* Kevin Hillier – **The Sideline View** (Local Sport) 10am–12pm\n",
"### Current Announcers\n\n* Lisa (Milly) Millard – **The Morning Crew** 06:00 – 9:00 (6–9 am) weekdays\n* Mark Hyland – **The Morning Crew** – 06:00 – 9:00 (6–9 am) weekdays\n* Craig Meddings – **Workdays** 9:00 – 14:00 (9am–2pm) weekdays including **\"The 80's Lunch\"**\n* Daryl Reader – **Drive** 14:00 – 18:00 (2–6 pm) Weekdays.\n* Dave Ferguson – **Bay Property Guide** 8am–10am Saturday\n* Kevin Hillier – **The Sideline View** (Local Sport) 10am–12pm\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Radio stations in Geelong](/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_Geelong \"Radio stations in Geelong\")\n[Category:Radio stations established in 1989](/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_established_in_1989 \"Radio stations established in 1989\")\n[Category:Adult contemporary radio stations in Australia](/wiki/Category:Adult_contemporary_radio_stations_in_Australia \"Adult contemporary radio stations in Australia\")\n[Category:Grant Broadcasters](/wiki/Category:Grant_Broadcasters \"Grant Broadcasters\")\n\n"
]
}
|
St. Honoré cake
|
{
"id": [
48309027
],
"name": [
"KitchenTemplar"
]
}
|
p366inh4nqb668hmdtpv92pi4a7u1vx
|
2024-08-20T12:23:32Z
| 1,241,287,771 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Saint\\-honoré cake cross\\-section](/wiki/File:Un_St_Ho_%21_%28S%C3%A9bastien_Bouillet%29_en_cours_de_consommation_%28mars_2023%29.jpg \"Un St Ho ! (Sébastien Bouillet) en cours de consommation (mars 2023).jpg\")\n\nThe **St. Honoré cake**, usually known by its French name **gâteau St\\-Honoré**, and also sometimes called **St. Honoratus cake**, is a pastry dessert named for the French [patron saint](/wiki/Patron_saint \"Patron saint\") of bakers and pastry chefs, [Saint Honoré](/wiki/Saint_Honor%C3%A9 \"Saint Honoré\") or Honoratus (d. 600 AD), [Bishop of Amiens](/wiki/Bishop_of_Amiens \"Bishop of Amiens\"). In 1847, it was invented by Auguste Julien, at the Chiboust bakery on [Rue Saint\\-Honoré](/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9 \"Rue Saint-Honoré\") in Paris.\n\nThis classic French dessert is a circle of [shortcrust pastry](/wiki/Shortcrust_pastry \"Shortcrust pastry\") at its base with a ring of [pâte à choux](/wiki/P%C3%A2te_%C3%A0_choux \"Pâte à choux\") piped on the outer edge. Baked choux puffs are dipped in [caramelized](/wiki/Caramelization \"Caramelization\") sugar and attached side by side on top of the circle of the pâte à choux. Traditionally granulated sugar was sprinkled directly on the pastry and finished by holding a red hot iron close to the surface, but modern versions may use chocolate\\-dipped [profiterole](/wiki/Profiterole \"Profiterole\") or dip the puffs in caramel stabilized with corn syrup or [glucose syrup](/wiki/Glucose_syrup \"Glucose syrup\"). This base is traditionally filled with [crème chiboust](/wiki/Chiboust_cream \"Chiboust cream\") and finished with [whipped cream](/wiki/Whipped_cream \"Whipped cream\") using a special St. Honoré piping tip.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of choux pastry dishes](/wiki/List_of_choux_pastry_dishes \"List of choux pastry dishes\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Custard desserts](/wiki/Category:Custard_desserts \"Custard desserts\")\n[Category:French pastries](/wiki/Category:French_pastries \"French pastries\")\n[Category:Puff pastry](/wiki/Category:Puff_pastry \"Puff pastry\")\n[Category:Choux pastry](/wiki/Category:Choux_pastry \"Choux pastry\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Canción Animal
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"186.31.2.67"
]
}
|
ft3pz7lhdol2zlnd5il3oac5a13cm9f
|
2024-09-26T05:00:08Z
| 1,247,567,403 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Track listing",
"Chart performance",
"Personnel",
"External links",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + \n\t\n\n***Canción Animal*** ([Spanish](/wiki/Spanish_language \"Spanish language\") for *Animal Song*) is the fifth album released by the Argentine [rock](/wiki/Rock_music \"Rock music\") band [Soda Stereo](/wiki/Soda_Stereo \"Soda Stereo\"), released on September 17, 1990 (see [1990 in music](/wiki/1990_in_music \"1990 in music\")). Many of the songs on the album are among the band's most popular, such as one of their biggest hits \"[De Música Ligera](/wiki/De_M%C3%BAsica_Ligera \"De Música Ligera\")\", the last song played in Soda Stereo's [last concert](/wiki/El_%C3%9Altimo_Concierto \"El Último Concierto\") in 1997, \"Hombre al agua\", \"Un Millón de Años Luz\", \"Te para tres\" and others. It is considered one of the best and most influential albums in the history of Latin American rock music. The anthemic status of the album, and specifically \"[De Música Ligera](/wiki/De_M%C3%BAsica_Ligera \"De Música Ligera\")\", is perhaps due to the band's ability to tap into a feeling experienced by almost every Spanish\\-speaking nation of going from dictatorship (and thus censorship) to freedom at some point during the 20th century. Many regard it as the best album to ever come out of South America.[Un viaje por los 250 discos del rock Iberoamericano](http://www.musiteka.net/2010/12/250-albums-del-rock-iberoamericano/) Revista AlBorde In 2007, the Argentine edition of *[Rolling Stone](/wiki/Rolling_Stone \"Rolling Stone\")* ranked it 9 on its list of \"[The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock](/wiki/Rolling_Stone_Argentina%27s_The_100_Greatest_Albums_of_National_Rock \"Rolling Stone Argentina's The 100 Greatest Albums of National Rock\")\". The album sold 500,000 copies in Argentina alone.\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\n",
"Chart performance\n-----------------\n\n|Chart (1990\\)\n\nPeak \nposition\n\n| |\n| Argentina (CAPIF)[Revista Pelo](http://files.revistapelo.com.ar/pdf/399.pdf) (in Spanish) | 2\n\n",
"Personnel\n---------\n\nSoda Stereo\n* [Gustavo Cerati](/wiki/Gustavo_Cerati \"Gustavo Cerati\") – [Lead vocals](/wiki/Lead_vocals \"Lead vocals\"), [guitars](/wiki/Guitar \"Guitar\")\n* [Zeta Bosio](/wiki/Zeta_Bosio \"Zeta Bosio\") – [bass guitar](/wiki/Bass_guitar \"Bass guitar\"), [backing vocals](/wiki/Backing_vocals \"Backing vocals\"), [Chapman Stick](/wiki/Chapman_Stick \"Chapman Stick\") on \"Canción Animal\"\n* [Charly Alberti](/wiki/Charly_Alberti \"Charly Alberti\") – [drums](/wiki/Drum_kit \"Drum kit\"), [percussion](/wiki/Percussion \"Percussion\")\n\nAdditional personnel\n* Alfredo Lois – art direction\n* Mariano Lopez – engineer / mixing\n* [Pedro Aznar](/wiki/Pedro_Aznar \"Pedro Aznar\") – vocal arrangement\n* [Daniel Melero](/wiki/Daniel_Melero \"Daniel Melero\") \\- Keyboards and arrangements\n* [Tweety González](/wiki/Tweety_Gonz%C3%A1lez \"Tweety González\") \\- Keyboards\n* Andrea Álvarez \\- Percussion\n* Peter Baleani – production coordination\n* Roger Hughes – assistant engineer\n* Vanessa Eckstem \\- assistant\n* Adrian Taverna \\- Band assistant\n* Caito Lorenzo \\& Alfredo Lois \\- Photography\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Lyrics](https://web.archive.org/web/20060429235306/http://sodastereo.com/discografia/html/animal.html)\n* [Coveralia \\- Cancion Animal (album)](http://www.coveralia.com/discos/soda_stereo-cancion_animal.php)\n* [Rate your music \\- Cancion animal by Soda Stereo](http://rateyourmusic.com/release/album/soda_stereo/cancion_animal/)\n* [CDUniverse \\- Soda Stereo, Cancion Animal CD Album](http://www.cduniverse.com/search/xx/music/pid/2498223/a/cancion+animal.htm)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Soda Stereo albums](/wiki/Category:Soda_Stereo_albums \"Soda Stereo albums\")\n[Category:1990 albums](/wiki/Category:1990_albums \"1990 albums\")\n[Category:1990s Spanish\\-language albums](/wiki/Category:1990s_Spanish-language_albums \"1990s Spanish-language albums\")\n[Category:Sony Music Argentina albums](/wiki/Category:Sony_Music_Argentina_albums \"Sony Music Argentina albums\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Hunspell
|
{
"id": [
1873216
],
"name": [
"Jtrnp"
]
}
|
7v7og1hnyxqhrjq68er1sv5jm5sc2e1
|
2024-05-31T17:50:23Z
| 1,226,599,467 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Uses",
"License",
"About the author",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Hunspell** is a [spell checker](/wiki/Spell_checker \"Spell checker\") and [morphological](/wiki/Morphology_%28linguistics%29 \"Morphology (linguistics)\") analyser designed for languages with rich morphology and complex [word compounding](/wiki/Compound_%28linguistics%29 \"Compound (linguistics)\") and [character encoding](/wiki/Character_encoding \"Character encoding\"), originally designed for the [Hungarian language](/wiki/Hungarian_language \"Hungarian language\").\n\nHunspell is based on [MySpell](/wiki/MySpell \"MySpell\") and is [backward\\-compatible](/wiki/Backward-compatible \"Backward-compatible\") with MySpell dictionaries. While MySpell uses a [single\\-byte character](/wiki/Single-byte_character \"Single-byte character\") encoding, Hunspell can use [Unicode](/wiki/Unicode \"Unicode\") [UTF\\-8](/wiki/UTF-8 \"UTF-8\")\\-encoded dictionaries.\n\n",
"Uses\n----\n\nSoftware with Hunspell support:\n\n| Name | Type | Group | Method | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [Chrome](/wiki/Google_Chrome \"Google Chrome\") | [Web browser](/wiki/Web_browser \"Web browser\") | [Google](/wiki/Google \"Google\") | ? | |\n| [Chromium](/wiki/Chromium_%28web_browser%29 \"Chromium (web browser)\") | [Web browser](/wiki/Web_browser \"Web browser\") | [Google](/wiki/Google \"Google\") | ? | |\n| [Empathy](/wiki/Empathy_%28software%29 \"Empathy (software)\") | [Instant messaging](/wiki/Instant_messaging \"Instant messaging\") | | [Dynamically\\-linked](/wiki/Dynamic_linking \"Dynamic linking\") [libenchant](/wiki/Enchant_%28software%29 \"Enchant (software)\") | Issue selecting dictionaries Enchant |\n| [Firefox](/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox \"Mozilla Firefox\") | [Web browser](/wiki/Web_browser \"Web browser\") | [Mozilla](/wiki/Mozilla \"Mozilla\") | ? | |\n| [Illustrator](/wiki/Adobe_Illustrator \"Adobe Illustrator\") | [Vector graphics](/wiki/Vector_graphics \"Vector graphics\") | [Adobe](/wiki/Adobe_Systems \"Adobe Systems\") | [Statically\\-linked](/wiki/Static_linking \"Static linking\") libhunspell | |\n| [InDesign](/wiki/InDesign \"InDesign\") | [Desktop publishing](/wiki/Desktop_publishing \"Desktop publishing\") | [Adobe](/wiki/Adobe_Systems \"Adobe Systems\") | [Statically\\-linked](/wiki/Static_linking \"Static linking\") libhunspell | Since CS5\\.5 |\n| [gedit](/wiki/Gedit \"Gedit\") | [Text editor](/wiki/Text_editor \"Text editor\") | [GNOME](/wiki/GNOME \"GNOME\") | [Dynamically\\-linked](/wiki/Dynamic_linking \"Dynamic linking\") [libenchant](/wiki/Enchant_%28software%29 \"Enchant (software)\") via GtkSpell | |\n| [GroupWise](/wiki/GroupWise \"GroupWise\") | | | | Starting in version 2012 |\n| [JetBrains IDEs](/wiki/JetBrains%23Products \"JetBrains#Products\") | [Integrated development environment](/wiki/Integrated_development_environment \"Integrated development environment\") | [JetBrains](/wiki/JetBrains \"JetBrains\") | — | ReSharper \\& IDEs use Hunspell dictionaries |\n| [.NET](/wiki/.NET_Framework \".NET Framework\") | | | | |\n| [Origyn Web Browser](/wiki/Origyn_Web_Browser \"Origyn Web Browser\") | [Web browser](/wiki/Web_browser \"Web browser\") | | [Dynamically\\-linked](/wiki/Dynamic_linking \"Dynamic linking\") spellchecker.library | Since 3\\.12 |\n| [Perl](/wiki/Perl \"Perl\") | | | | |\n| [QuarkXPress](/wiki/QuarkXPress \"QuarkXPress\") | [Desktop publishing](/wiki/Desktop_publishing \"Desktop publishing\") | [Quark Software Inc.](/wiki/Quark_%28company%29 \"Quark (company)\") | [Statically\\-linked](/wiki/Static_linking \"Static linking\") libhunspell | Since QuarkXPress 2017 |\n| [Scribus](/wiki/Scribus \"Scribus\") | [Desktop publishing](/wiki/Desktop_publishing \"Desktop publishing\") | | [Dynamically\\-linked](/wiki/Dynamic_linking \"Dynamic linking\") [libenchant](/wiki/Enchant_%28software%29 \"Enchant (software)\") | Since 1\\.4\\.2 |\n|\n| Name | Type | Group | Method | Notes |\n\n",
"License\n-------\n\nHunspell is [free software](/wiki/Free_software \"Free software\"), distributed under the terms of a [GPL](/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License \"GNU General Public License\"), [LGPL](/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License \"GNU Lesser General Public License\") and [MPL](/wiki/Mozilla_Public_License \"Mozilla Public License\") [tri\\-license](/wiki/Tri-license \"Tri-license\").\n\n",
"About the author\n----------------\n\nHunspell was developed by the Hungarian biologist and free software developer László Németh. His recent job as a lead programmer is related to also free software, especially to LibreOffice. He contributes for OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice, as a code contributor since 2002 (spell checking, hyphenation etc.). He also contributes and makes patches for Hunspell spell checker with Unicode, compound word and [agglutinative language](/wiki/Agglutinative_language \"Agglutinative language\") support; Unicode and non\\-standard hyphenation; thesaurus component with stemming and suffixation; Lightproof grammar checker; Graphite versions of Linux Libertine and Biolinum fonts with extended typographical capabilities. [50px](/wiki/File:CC_BY-SA_icon.svg \"CC BY-SA icon.svg\") Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [Creative Commons Attribution\\-ShareAlike 3\\.0 Unported](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) (CC BY\\-SA 3\\.0\\) license.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [GNU Aspell](/wiki/GNU_Aspell \"GNU Aspell\")\n* [Enchant](/wiki/Enchant_%28software%29 \"Enchant (software)\")\n* [Ispell](/wiki/Ispell \"Ispell\")\n* [MySpell](/wiki/MySpell \"MySpell\")\n* [Pspell](/wiki/Pspell \"Pspell\")\n* [Virastyar](/wiki/Virastyar \"Virastyar\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [OpenOffice.org spelling dictionaries](http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Dictionaries)\n* [OpenOffice.org Lingucomponent project](http://www.openoffice.org/lingucomponent/)\n* [Release notes of OpenOffice.org 2\\.0\\.2](http://development.openoffice.org/releases/2.0.2.html)\n* [Mozilla bug report: Replace MySpell with HunSpell](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=319778)\n* [Obtaining and Using Hunspell Compatible Dictionaries with XMetaL Author](https://forums.xmetal.com/forums/topic/obtaining-and-using-hunspell-compatible-dictionaries-with-xmetal-author/)\n\n[Category:Free spelling checking programs](/wiki/Category:Free_spelling_checking_programs \"Free spelling checking programs\")\n[Category:Spell checkers](/wiki/Category:Spell_checkers \"Spell checkers\")\n[Category:Language software for Linux](/wiki/Category:Language_software_for_Linux \"Language software for Linux\")\n[Category:Language software for macOS](/wiki/Category:Language_software_for_macOS \"Language software for macOS\")\n[Category:Language software for Windows](/wiki/Category:Language_software_for_Windows \"Language software for Windows\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Arthur Hill
|
{
"id": [
1152308
],
"name": [
"ShelfSkewed"
]
}
|
0hne8slespl86n8pjzv6cilb5un494q
|
2023-12-07T02:17:00Z
| 1,150,354,859 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Arthur Hill",
"Actors and craftsmen",
"Peers and politicians",
"Scholars",
"Sportsmen",
"See also"
],
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2,
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2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"**Arthur Hill** may refer to:\n\n",
"Actors and craftsmen\n--------------------\n\n* [Arthur Hill (English actor)](/wiki/Arthur_Hill_%28English_actor%29 \"Arthur Hill (English actor)\") (1875–1932\\), English theatre and film actor who wore animal costumes\n* [Arthur Hill Gilbert](/wiki/Arthur_Hill_Gilbert \"Arthur Hill Gilbert\") (1894–1970\\), American Impressionist painter\n* [Arthur Hill (Canadian actor)](/wiki/Arthur_Hill_%28Canadian_actor%29 \"Arthur Hill (Canadian actor)\") (1922–2006\\), American\\-based Canadian actor\n",
"Peers and politicians\n---------------------\n\n* Arthur Hill (before 1610—1663\\), Anglo\\-Irish soldier, [Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Marquess_of_Downshire%23Ancestors \"Marquess of Downshire#Ancestors\") ancestor\n* [Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Arthur_Hill%2C_2nd_Marquess_of_Downshire \"Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire\") (1753–1801\\), British peer and Member of Parliament\n* [Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Arthur_Hill%2C_3rd_Marquess_of_Downshire \"Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire\") (1788–1845\\), Irish peer\n* [Arthur Hill, 2nd Baron Sandys](/wiki/Arthur_Hill%2C_2nd_Baron_Sandys \"Arthur Hill, 2nd Baron Sandys\") (1793–1860\\), Anglo\\-Irish soldier and politician\n* Lord Arthur Augustus Edwin Hill (1800–1831\\), son of [Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Arthur_Hill%2C_2nd_Marquess_of_Downshire \"Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire\")\n* [Arthur Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Arthur_Hill%2C_4th_Marquess_of_Downshire \"Arthur Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire\") (1812–1868\\), Irish peer\n* [Arthur Hill Gillmor](/wiki/Arthur_Hill_Gillmor \"Arthur Hill Gillmor\") (1824–1903\\), Canadian farmer, lumberman and Liberal politician\n* [Arthur Hill, 5th Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Arthur_Hill%2C_5th_Marquess_of_Downshire \"Arthur Hill, 5th Marquess of Downshire\") (1844–1874\\), Irish peer\n* [Lord Arthur Hill](/wiki/Lord_Arthur_Hill \"Lord Arthur Hill\") (1846–1931\\), Anglo\\-Irish soldier and politician\n* [Arthur Hill, 6th Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Arthur_Hill%2C_6th_Marquess_of_Downshire \"Arthur Hill, 6th Marquess of Downshire\") (1871–1918\\), Irish peer\n* [Arthur Hill (politician)](/wiki/Arthur_Hill_%28politician%29 \"Arthur Hill (politician)\") (1873–1913\\), British Unionist politician\n* [Arthur Hill, 7th Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Arthur_Hill%2C_7th_Marquess_of_Downshire \"Arthur Hill, 7th Marquess of Downshire\") (1894–1989\\), Irish peer\n* Lord Arthur Francis Hill (1895–1953\\), father of [Arthur Robin Ian Hill, 8th Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Arthur_Robin_Ian_Hill%2C_8th_Marquess_of_Downshire \"Arthur Robin Ian Hill, 8th Marquess of Downshire\")\n* [Arthur Robin Ian Hill, 8th Marquess of Downshire](/wiki/Arthur_Robin_Ian_Hill%2C_8th_Marquess_of_Downshire \"Arthur Robin Ian Hill, 8th Marquess of Downshire\") (1929–2003\\), Irish peer\n",
"Scholars\n--------\n\n* [Arthur George Hill](/wiki/Arthur_George_Hill \"Arthur George Hill\") (1857–1923\\), English organ builder and man of letters\n* [Arthur D. Hill](/wiki/Arthur_D._Hill \"Arthur D. Hill\") (1869–1947\\), American legal expert\n* [J. Arthur Hill](/wiki/J._Arthur_Hill \"J. Arthur Hill\") (1872–1951\\), English psychical researcher and writer\n* Sir [Arthur William Hill](/wiki/Arthur_William_Hill \"Arthur William Hill\") (1875–1941\\), English botanist and taxonomist\n* [Arthur VanCleve Hill](/wiki/Arthur_VanCleve_Hill \"Arthur VanCleve Hill\") (born 1950\\), American professor of operations management\n",
"Sportsmen\n---------\n\n* [Arthur Hill (Australian cricketer)](/wiki/Arthur_Hill_%28Australian_cricketer%29 \"Arthur Hill (Australian cricketer)\") (1871–1936\\), right\\-hand batsman\n* [Arthur James Ledger Hill](/wiki/Arthur_James_Ledger_Hill \"Arthur James Ledger Hill\"), 1871–1950\\), English cricketer\n* [Arthur Bertram St Hill](/wiki/Arthur_Bertram_St_Hill \"Arthur Bertram St Hill\") (1872–1911\\), Barbadian cricketer\n* [Arthur Edwin Hill](/wiki/Arthur_Edwin_Hill \"Arthur Edwin Hill\") (1888–1966\\), British water polo Olympian\n* Artur Hill or Artur Khil (born 1993\\), names used by Russian figure skater [Artur Gachinski](/wiki/Artur_Gachinski \"Artur Gachinski\")\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Arthur Hill\\-Trevor (disambiguation)](/wiki/Arthur_Hill-Trevor_%28disambiguation%29 \"Arthur Hill-Trevor (disambiguation)\")\n* [Arthur Hill High School](/wiki/Arthur_Hill_High_School \"Arthur Hill High School\"), Saginaw, Michigan\n* [Arthur's Hill](/wiki/Arthur%27s_Hill \"Arthur's Hill\"), area of Newcastle upon Tyne, England\n* [Arthur Hill Hassall](/wiki/Arthur_Hill_Hassall \"Arthur Hill Hassall\") (1817–1894\\), English physician, chemist and microscopist\n* [Arthur Hills](/wiki/Arthur_Hills \"Arthur Hills\") (1930–2021\\), American golf course designer\n* [Hill (surname)](/wiki/Hill_%28surname%29 \"Hill (surname)\")\n"
]
}
|
Aspirating smoke detector
|
{
"id": [
27015025
],
"name": [
"InternetArchiveBot"
]
}
|
4d9o82xnvvf2afpcvn8psrecnteozfn
|
2023-09-12T19:26:48Z
| 1,171,770,551 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Design",
"Installation and placement",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"[thumb\\|A TOP\\-SENS2 ASD unit made by Wagner (Germany)](/wiki/File:Top-sens_2_inside.jpg \"Top-sens 2 inside.jpg\")\n\nAn **aspirating smoke detector** (**ASD**) is a system used in [active fire protection](/wiki/Active_fire_protection \"Active fire protection\"), consisting of a central detection unit which draws air through a network of pipes to detect smoke. The sampling chamber is based on a [nephelometer](/wiki/Nephelometer \"Nephelometer\") that detects the presence of smoke particles suspended in air by detecting the light scattered by them in the chamber. ASDs can typically detect smoke before it is visible to the naked eye.\n\nIn most cases aspirating smoke detectors require a fan unit to draw in a sample of air from the protected area through its network of pipes.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nIn 1970 the [Australian](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\") [Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation](/wiki/Commonwealth_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research_Organisation \"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation\") (CSIRO) used a [nephelometer](/wiki/Nephelometer \"Nephelometer\") to carry out research into [forest fires](/wiki/Forest_fire \"Forest fire\"). Subsequently, the Australian Postmaster\\-General's Department engaged the CSIRO to investigate technologies that could prevent service interruption due to fire. After selecting a sample site to carry out research, the CSIRO suggested that the nephelometer should be used as the benchmark for the APO fire tests. This was installed to monitor smoke levels within the return\\-air ducts of the mechanical ventilation system, utilising a chart\\-recorder output display.\n\nAt the conclusion of several weeks of testing, it was discovered that there no commercially available fire detection technology suitable for preventing damage to telephone equipment. One technology that did show great promise however was the nephelometer itself.\n\nIn 1979, Xtralis, then IEI Pty Ltd., produced and sold an air sampling device they called VESDA (Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus). The company redesigned the detector in 1982 to provide the reliability, features, size and reduced cost for export markets. ASD systems have gained popularity due to their ability to sense smoke long before a catastrophic incident.\n\n",
"Design\n------\n\nASD design corrects shortcomings of conventional smoke detectors by using a sampling pipe with multiple holes. The air samples are captured and filtered, removing any contaminants or dust to avoid false alarms and then processed by a centralized, highly sensitive laser detection unit. If smoke is detected, the systems alarm is triggered, and signals are then processed through centralized monitoring stations within a few seconds.\n\nUnlike passive smoke detection systems, including spot detectors, ASD systems actively draw smoke to the detector through bore holes within a piping system that runs throughout the protected area. Furthermore, ASD systems incorporate integrity monitoring to ensure an alert is raised at any time the ASD's ability to detect smoke is compromised. This is not the case with passive devices that are generally only electrically monitored with no ability to determine if smoke can actually reach the detection element.\n\nASD systems incorporate more than one level of alarm. This allows an ASD system to provide very early warning of an event, prompting investigation at the earliest smouldering stage of a fire when it is easily addressed. Other alarm levels may be configured to provide fire alarm inputs to fire systems as well as releasing suppression systems. ASD alarm sensitivities are configurable and can be programmed to levels ranging from thousands of times more sensitive than a conventional detector, to much less sensitive. The detectors work best in non\\-volatile environments. They can also be used in computer cabinets to alert users to the overheating of computer cables or individual computer components.\n\n",
"Installation and placement\n--------------------------\n\n[thumb\\|An example of how a simple ASD unit with a single pipe could cover a five\\-room area](/wiki/File:ASD_5_room_example.png \"ASD 5 room example.png\")\n\nASDs are suitable for environments where a highly sensitive rapid smoke detection capability is required. This makes them suitable in clean rooms; areas which contain goods easily damaged by fire, such as tobacco, electronic rooms and highly flammable liquid and gases. Often, normal point detectors will recognise the danger too late, as smoke often does not reach the ceiling quickly enough for a fire to be detected in a timely fashion.\n\nAs they can be easily hidden, pipe networks are suitable in environments where point detectors can be considered aesthetically displeasing, such as offices, apartments and hotel rooms. This factor also makes them suitable in locations where point detectors can be easily tampered with, such as in correctional facilities.\n\nDespite their high sensitivity ASDs can be used in dusty or dirty environments as long as correct design, installation and maintenance processes are followed. Most ASD products can accommodate a broad range of environments and applications – from both confined and open spaces to the cleanest or dirtiest environment, including telecomm, control rooms, waste treatment, mining and more.[\"What is CCD Aspriating Smoke Detection\"](http://www.safefiredetection.com/pages/What_is_Air_Sampling_Fire_Detection.htm) , Safe Fire Detection Inc, Retrieved 2010\\-03\\-23\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Carbon monoxide detector](/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_detector \"Carbon monoxide detector\")\n* [Heat detector](/wiki/Heat_detector \"Heat detector\")\n* [Smoke detector](/wiki/Smoke_detector \"Smoke detector\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Detecting smoke in air ducts](https://archive.today/20140506212028/http://magazine.sfpe.org/fire-detection-and-alarm/duct-smoke-detection)\n* [Three Wavelength Integrating](http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/aero/instrumentation/neph_desc.html)\n\n[Category:Active fire protection](/wiki/Category:Active_fire_protection \"Active fire protection\")\n[Category:Detectors](/wiki/Category:Detectors \"Detectors\")\n[Category:Fire detection and alarm](/wiki/Category:Fire_detection_and_alarm \"Fire detection and alarm\")\n[Category:Smoke](/wiki/Category:Smoke \"Smoke\")\n[Category:Aerosol measurement](/wiki/Category:Aerosol_measurement \"Aerosol measurement\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Why Not (song)
|
{
"id": [
1286970
],
"name": [
"Ss112"
]
}
|
5641otzw68r5th0e886m9z4r41wm3xi
|
2023-09-02T20:41:00Z
| 1,173,214,150 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Release",
"Versions",
"Music video",
"Commercial performance",
"Track listing",
"Charts",
"Weekly charts",
"Year-end charts",
"Release history",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
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2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + \n\n**\"Why Not\"** is a song recorded by American actress and singer [Hilary Duff](/wiki/Hilary_Duff \"Hilary Duff\"). It was written by [Charlie Midnight](/wiki/Charlie_Midnight \"Charlie Midnight\") with [Matthew Gerrard](/wiki/Matthew_Gerrard \"Matthew Gerrard\"), who also produced the song. It was released on March 21, 2003, by [Walt Disney Records](/wiki/Walt_Disney_Records \"Walt Disney Records\") as the first single from *[The Lizzie McGuire Movie](/wiki/The_Lizzie_McGuire_Movie \"The Lizzie McGuire Movie\")* soundtrack. The version of the song on Duff's 2003 album *[Metamorphosis](/wiki/Metamorphosis_%28Hilary_Duff_album%29 \"Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album)\")* features different lyrics in the first verse.\n\n",
"Release\n-------\n\nDisney International released the single internationally on June 23, 2003\\. The CD single release included a remix of \"Why Not,\" a remix of \"[I Can't Wait](/wiki/I_Can%27t_Wait_%28Brooke_McClymont_song%29%23Hilary_Duff_version \"I Can't Wait (Brooke McClymont song)#Hilary Duff version\")\" and the music video. Later in 2003, a different version of \"Why Not\" was released on Duff's first album, *[Metamorphosis](/wiki/Metamorphosis_%28Hilary_Duff_album%29 \"Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album)\")*. According to Duff, the song is also included as a single for the album *Metamorphosis.*This was from \"At Home with Hilary Duff,\" a featurette on *[Dignity](/wiki/Dignity_%28album%29 \"Dignity (album)\")* deluxe edition DVD, released on the [Hollywood Records](/wiki/Hollywood_Records \"Hollywood Records\") label in 2007\\.\n\n",
"Versions\n--------\n\n\"Why Not\" has three versions. The main version is the one which Duff originally recorded for the soundtrack of *The Lizzie McGuire Movie*. The second version features different lyrics in the first verse and was included on Duff's 2003 album *Metamorphosis.* A third version was released on Duff's 2005 compilation album *[Most Wanted](/wiki/Most_Wanted_%28Hilary_Duff_album%29 \"Most Wanted (Hilary Duff album)\")* and is a slightly remixed version of the recording released on *Metamorphosis*. The *Metamorphosis* album version is included on Duff's 2008 compilation album *[Best of Hilary Duff](/wiki/Best_of_Hilary_Duff \"Best of Hilary Duff\")*.\n\n",
"Music video\n-----------\n\nThe music video was directed by [Elliott Lester](/wiki/Elliott_Lester \"Elliott Lester\") and shot in downtown Los Angeles. It premiered on the [Disney Channel](/wiki/Disney_Channel \"Disney Channel\") on March 21, 2003, after the premiere of the [Disney Channel Original Movie](/wiki/Disney_Channel_Original_Movie \"Disney Channel Original Movie\") *[Right on Track](/wiki/Right_on_Track \"Right on Track\")*. The video became the first of Duff's to air on [MTV](/wiki/MTV \"MTV\") after a viewer requested it on the popular show *[Total Request Live](/wiki/Total_Request_Live \"Total Request Live\").* The video debuted on the show's countdown at number six a few days later. The video shows Duff singing from a rooftop; this is inter\\-cut with scenes of street scenes of skipping, break dancing and crowds running, as well as waist shots of extras mouthing the words. Two distinct versions of the video exist; the one includes scenes from *[The Lizzie McGuire Movie](/wiki/The_Lizzie_McGuire_Movie \"The Lizzie McGuire Movie\")* while the other does not.\n\n",
"Commercial performance\n----------------------\n\nThe single debuted on the Australian [ARIA Singles Chart](/wiki/ARIA_Charts \"ARIA Charts\") at number forty in week twenty\\-six of 2003, and it peaked at number fourteen in its twelfth week, remaining on the chart for sixteen weeks. The song also reached the top twenty in [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand \"New Zealand\") and the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\").[\"Hilary Duff \\- Why Not\"](http://acharts.us/song/2365). aCharts.us. As of July 27, 2014, the song had sold 124,000 digital copies in the United States.\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\n* + - * + - * + - \n",
"Charts\n------\n\n### Weekly charts\n\n| Chart (2003–2004\\) | Peakposition |\n| --- | --- |\n|\n\n|\n\n|\n\n|\n\n### Year\\-end charts\n\n| Chart (2003\\) | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| Australia (ARIA) | 94 |\n\n",
"### Weekly charts\n\n| Chart (2003–2004\\) | Peakposition |\n| --- | --- |\n|\n\n|\n\n|\n\n|\n\n",
"### Year\\-end charts\n\n| Chart (2003\\) | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| Australia (ARIA) | 94 |\n\n",
"Release history\n---------------\n\n| \\+ Release dates and formats for \"Why Not\" |\n| --- |\n| Region | Date | Format | Label | |\n| United States | March 2003 | [Radio Disney](/wiki/Radio_Disney \"Radio Disney\") | [Walt Disney](/wiki/Walt_Disney_Records \"Walt Disney Records\") | |\n| Australia | June 16, 2003 | [CD](/wiki/CD_single \"CD single\") | [Festival Mushroom](/wiki/Festival_Records \"Festival Records\") | |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:2003 debut singles](/wiki/Category:2003_debut_singles \"2003 debut singles\")\n[Category:Hilary Duff songs](/wiki/Category:Hilary_Duff_songs \"Hilary Duff songs\")\n[Category:Songs written by Charlie Midnight](/wiki/Category:Songs_written_by_Charlie_Midnight \"Songs written by Charlie Midnight\")\n[Category:Songs written by Matthew Gerrard](/wiki/Category:Songs_written_by_Matthew_Gerrard \"Songs written by Matthew Gerrard\")\n[Category:Lizzie McGuire](/wiki/Category:Lizzie_McGuire \"Lizzie McGuire\")\n[Category:Walt Disney Records singles](/wiki/Category:Walt_Disney_Records_singles \"Walt Disney Records singles\")\n[Category:2003 songs](/wiki/Category:2003_songs \"2003 songs\")\n[Category:Song recordings produced by Matthew Gerrard](/wiki/Category:Song_recordings_produced_by_Matthew_Gerrard \"Song recordings produced by Matthew Gerrard\")\n[Category:Music videos directed by Elliott Lester](/wiki/Category:Music_videos_directed_by_Elliott_Lester \"Music videos directed by Elliott Lester\")\n\n"
]
}
|
River Kym
|
{
"id": [
37102400
],
"name": [
"Partonez"
]
}
|
7odn2awp5ql9gm7xn5eqb99plp0phmb
|
2021-05-14T13:21:45Z
| 956,576,656 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Course",
"History",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **River Kym** is a [river](/wiki/River \"River\") in [Cambridgeshire](/wiki/Cambridgeshire \"Cambridgeshire\"), [England](/wiki/England \"England\"). It flows through the village of [Tilbrook](/wiki/Tilbrook \"Tilbrook\"), to [Kimbolton](/wiki/Kimbolton%2C_Cambridgeshire \"Kimbolton, Cambridgeshire\"), and joins the [Great Ouse](/wiki/River_Great_Ouse \"River Great Ouse\") at [St Neots](/wiki/St_Neots \"St Neots\"). It is known as the River Til in its upper reaches, tributaries include the Pertenhall Brook.\n\n",
"Course\n------\n\nRising right on the [Northamptonshire](/wiki/Northamptonshire \"Northamptonshire\")\\-[Bedfordshire](/wiki/Bedfordshire \"Bedfordshire\") border at the west of the parish of [Newton Bromswold](/wiki/Newton_Bromswold \"Newton Bromswold\"), it flows north\\-east to cross into Bedfordshire at [Yelden](/wiki/Yelden \"Yelden\") and then into [Cambridgeshire](/wiki/Cambridgeshire \"Cambridgeshire\") at Tilbrook. Turning south east, it divides the town of Kimbolton in two and runs past [Kimbolton Castle](/wiki/Kimbolton_Castle \"Kimbolton Castle\") to [Stonely](/wiki/Stonely \"Stonely\"). It next flows past the parish church of St Andrew to the west of [Great Staughton](/wiki/Great_Staughton \"Great Staughton\"), encircling the village to the south. It flows into the Great Ouse just to the north of St Neots, where it forms the parish boundary between St Neots and [Little Paxton](/wiki/Little_Paxton \"Little Paxton\").Ordnance Survey of Great Britain: 1:25000\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe name of the river seems to be a back\\-formation from the town of Kimbolton, whose name means \"farmstead of a man called Cynebald\", so it is clear that the town is not named after the river.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of rivers of England](/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_England \"List of rivers of England\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Kym](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Cambridgeshire \"Rivers of Cambridgeshire\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Crowhurst
|
{
"id": [
36595729
],
"name": [
"CzarJobKhaya"
]
}
|
6fy6u4rrpujesh26t5cujrorxk1sajl
|
2024-03-08T02:53:49Z
| 1,152,535,183 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Places",
"People",
"Other"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Crowhurst** may refer to:\n\n",
"Places\n------\n\n* [Crowhurst, East Sussex](/wiki/Crowhurst%2C_East_Sussex \"Crowhurst, East Sussex\"), England\n\t+ [Crowhurst railway station](/wiki/Crowhurst_railway_station \"Crowhurst railway station\")\n* [Crowhurst, Surrey](/wiki/Crowhurst%2C_Surrey \"Crowhurst, Surrey\"), England\n\t+ [Crowhurst Place](/wiki/Crowhurst_Place \"Crowhurst Place\")\n\t+ [Crowhurst Yew](/wiki/Crowhurst_Yew \"Crowhurst Yew\")\n",
"People\n------\n\n* [Cyril Crowhurst](/wiki/Cyril_Crowhurst \"Cyril Crowhurst\") (1906–1995\\), British sound engineer\n* [Donald Crowhurst](/wiki/Donald_Crowhurst \"Donald Crowhurst\") (1932–1969\\), English businessman and amateur sailor\n* [Geoff Crowhurst](/wiki/Geoff_Crowhurst \"Geoff Crowhurst\") (1951–2009\\), South Australian actor and director\n* [Harry Arthur Crowhurst](/wiki/Harry_Arthur_Crowhurst \"Harry Arthur Crowhurst\") (1868–1943\\), British optician and optical engineer\n* [Katie Crowhurst](/wiki/Katie_Crowhurst \"Katie Crowhurst\") (born 2004\\), British para\\-athlete\n* [Megan Crowhurst](/wiki/Megan_Crowhurst \"Megan Crowhurst\") (born 1961\\), linguist\n* [Thomas Crowhurst](/wiki/Thomas_Crowhurst \"Thomas Crowhurst\") (1811–1877\\), English cricketer\n* [William Crowhurst](/wiki/William_Crowhurst \"William Crowhurst\") (1849–1915\\), English cricketer\n",
"Other\n-----\n\n* [Crowhurst (band)](/wiki/Crowhurst_%28band%29 \"Crowhurst (band)\"), rock music group\n* [*Crowhurst* (film)](/wiki/Crowhurst_%28film%29 \"Crowhurst (film)\"), a 2017 film about Donald Crowhurst\n\n"
]
}
|
Brett Steven
|
{
"id": [
577301
],
"name": [
"Colonies Chris"
]
}
|
iwkmqnsyhxmibsi2jiimbu7l73su8kg
|
2023-05-30T13:17:34Z
| 1,156,994,470 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Junior Grand Slam finals",
"Doubles: 1 (1 runner-up)",
"ATP career finals",
"Singles: 3 (3 runner-ups)",
"Doubles: 17 (9 title, 8 runner-ups)",
"ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals",
"Singles: 6 (3–3)",
"Doubles: 2 (0–2)",
"Performance timelines",
"Singles",
"Doubles",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Brett Andrew Steven** (born 27 April 1969\\) is a former [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealanders \"New Zealanders\") [tennis](/wiki/Tennis \"Tennis\") player.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nSteven began his tennis career at the age of 10 as a [ball boy](/wiki/Ball_boy \"Ball boy\") and by the age of 16 he participated at his first tournament. He attended [Mount Roskill Grammar School](/wiki/Mount_Roskill_Grammar_School \"Mount Roskill Grammar School\").\n\nSteven turned professional in 1988 and won his first tour doubles title in 1991 at [Newport, Rhode Island](/wiki/Newport%2C_Rhode_Island \"Newport, Rhode Island\").\n\nSteven's best singles performance at a [Grand Slam](/wiki/Grand_Slam_%28tennis%29 \"Grand Slam (tennis)\") event came at the [1993 Australian Open](/wiki/1993_Australian_Open \"1993 Australian Open\"), where he reached the quarterfinals, defeating [Dave Randall](/wiki/Dave_Randall \"Dave Randall\"), [Thomas Muster](/wiki/Thomas_Muster \"Thomas Muster\"), [Andrei Olhovskiy](/wiki/Andrei_Olhovskiy \"Andrei Olhovskiy\") and [Richard Fromberg](/wiki/Richard_Fromberg \"Richard Fromberg\") before being knocked out by [Pete Sampras](/wiki/Pete_Sampras \"Pete Sampras\"). At Masters level, he reached the quarterfinals of the [1993 Canada Masters](/wiki/1993_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 Canadian Open – Men's singles\") and the [1998 Rome Masters](/wiki/1998_Italian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 Italian Open – Men's singles\").\n\nSteven represented New Zealand at the [1996 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics \"Tennis at the 1996 Summer Olympics\") in [Atlanta](/wiki/Atlanta \"Atlanta\"), where he lost in the first round to [Arnaud Boetsch](/wiki/Arnaud_Boetsch \"Arnaud Boetsch\") of France.\n\nSteven won nine top\\-level doubles titles during his career, the most significant of which was the [Indian Wells Masters](/wiki/Indian_Wells_Masters \"Indian Wells Masters\"), which he won in 1995 (partnering [Tommy Ho](/wiki/Tommy_Ho \"Tommy Ho\")). Though he did not win any top\\-level singles titles during his career, Steven was a singles runner\\-up at three tour events ([Schenectady](/wiki/Schenectady%2C_New_York \"Schenectady, New York\") in 1993, Auckland in 1996 and Newport in 1997\\). His career\\-high rankings were World No. 32 in singles and No. 16 in doubles. His career prize\\-money totalled US$2,439,714\\. Steven retired from the professional tour in 1999\\.\n\n",
"Junior Grand Slam finals\n------------------------\n\n### Doubles: 1 (1 runner\\-up)\n\n|Result\n\nYear\n\nTournament\n\nSurface\n\nPartner\n\nOpponents\n\nScore\n\n|Loss [1987](/wiki/1987_US_Open_%28tennis%29 \"1987 US Open (tennis)\") | [US Open](/wiki/US_Open_%28tennis%29 \"US Open (tennis)\") | Hard | [Zeeshan Ali](/wiki/Zeeshan_Ali \"Zeeshan Ali\") | [Goran Ivanišević](/wiki/Goran_Ivani%C5%A1evi%C4%87 \"Goran Ivanišević\") [Diego Nargiso](/wiki/Diego_Nargiso \"Diego Nargiso\") | 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |\n",
"### Doubles: 1 (1 runner\\-up)\n\n|Result\n\nYear\n\nTournament\n\nSurface\n\nPartner\n\nOpponents\n\nScore\n\n|Loss [1987](/wiki/1987_US_Open_%28tennis%29 \"1987 US Open (tennis)\") | [US Open](/wiki/US_Open_%28tennis%29 \"US Open (tennis)\") | Hard | [Zeeshan Ali](/wiki/Zeeshan_Ali \"Zeeshan Ali\") | [Goran Ivanišević](/wiki/Goran_Ivani%C5%A1evi%C4%87 \"Goran Ivanišević\") [Diego Nargiso](/wiki/Diego_Nargiso \"Diego Nargiso\") | 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |\n",
"ATP career finals\n-----------------\n\n### Singles: 3 (3 runner\\-ups)\n\n | Legend | Grand Slam Tournaments (0–0\\) | ATP World Tour Finals (0–0\\) | ATP World Tour Masters Series (0–0\\) | ATP Championship Series (0–0\\) || ATP World Series (0–3\\) | |\n\n | Finals by surface | | Hard (0–2\\) | | Clay (0–0\\) | | Grass (0–1\\) | | Carpet (0–0\\) | |\n | Finals by setting | | Outdoors (0–3\\) | | Indoors (0–0\\) | |\n\n| Result |W–L\n\n Date |\n Tournament |\n Tier |\n Surface |\n Opponent |\nScore\n\n|Loss\n\n 0–1 |\n [](/wiki/1993_OTB_International_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 OTB International Open – Men's singles\") |\n [Schenectady](/wiki/OTB_Open \"OTB Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Thomas Enqvist](/wiki/Thomas_Enqvist \"Thomas Enqvist\") |\n 6–4, 3–6, 6–7(0–7\\) |\n|Loss\n\n 0–2 |\n [](/wiki/1996_BellSouth_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1996 BellSouth Open – Singles\") |\n [Auckland](/wiki/ATP_Auckland_Open \"ATP Auckland Open\"), New Zealand |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Jiří Novák](/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Nov%C3%A1k \"Jiří Novák\") |\n 4–6, 4–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 0–3 |\n [](/wiki/1997_Hall_of_Fame_Tennis_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1997 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Singles\") |\n [Newport](/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_Open \"Hall of Fame Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Grass |\n [Sargis Sargsian](/wiki/Sargis_Sargsian \"Sargis Sargsian\") |\n 6–7(0–7\\), 6–4, 5–7 |\n\n### Doubles: 17 (9 title, 8 runner\\-ups)\n\n | Legend | Grand Slam Tournaments (0–0\\) | ATP World Tour Finals (0–0\\) | ATP Masters Series (1–1\\) | ATP Championship Series (0–1\\) || ATP World Series (8–6\\) | |\n\n | Finals by surface | | Hard (3–4\\) | | Clay (1–2\\) | | Grass (2–0\\) | | Carpet (3–2\\) | |\n | Finals by setting | | Outdoors (7–5\\) | | Indoors (2–3\\) | |\n\n| Result |W–L\n\n Date |\n Tournament |\n Tier |\n Surface |\n Partner |\n Opponents |\nScore\n\n|Win\n\n 1–0 |\n [](/wiki/1991_Miller_Lite_Hall_of_Fame_Tennis_Championships \"1991 Miller Lite Hall of Fame Tennis Championships\") |\n [Newport](/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_Open \"Hall of Fame Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Grass |\n [Gianluca Pozzi](/wiki/Gianluca_Pozzi \"Gianluca Pozzi\") |\n [Javier Frana](/wiki/Javier_Frana \"Javier Frana\") [Bruce Steel](/wiki/Bruce_Steel \"Bruce Steel\") |\n 6–4, 6–4 |\n|Loss\n\n 1–1 |\n [](/wiki/1993_OTB_International_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 OTB International Open – Men's doubles\") |\n [Schenectady](/wiki/OTB_Open \"OTB Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Byron Black](/wiki/Byron_Black \"Byron Black\") |\n [Bernd Karbacher](/wiki/Bernd_Karbacher \"Bernd Karbacher\") [Andrei Olhovskiy](/wiki/Andrei_Olhovskiy \"Andrei Olhovskiy\") |\n 6–2, 6–7, 1–6 |\n|Win\n\n 2–1 |\n [](/wiki/1994_Copenhagen_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1994 Copenhagen Open – Doubles\") |\n [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen_Open \"Copenhagen Open\"), Denmark |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Martin Damm](/wiki/Martin_Damm \"Martin Damm\") |\n [David Prinosil](/wiki/David_Prinosil \"David Prinosil\") [Udo Riglewski](/wiki/Udo_Riglewski \"Udo Riglewski\") |\n 6–3, 6–4 |\n|Win\n\n 3–1 |\n [](/wiki/Hong_Kong_Open_%28tennis%29 \"Hong Kong Open (tennis)\") |\n [Hong Kong](/wiki/Hong_Kong_Open_%28tennis%29 \"Hong Kong Open (tennis)\"), Hong Kong |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Jim Grabb](/wiki/Jim_Grabb \"Jim Grabb\") |\n [Jonas Björkman](/wiki/Jonas_Bj%C3%B6rkman \"Jonas Björkman\") [Patrick Rafter](/wiki/Patrick_Rafter \"Patrick Rafter\") |\n walkover |\n|Win\n\n 4–1 |\n [](/wiki/1994_International_Tennis_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1994 International Tennis Championships – Doubles\") |\n [Coral Springs](/wiki/Delray_Beach_Open \"Delray Beach Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Clay |\n [Lan Bale](/wiki/Lan_Bale \"Lan Bale\") |\n [Ken Flach](/wiki/Ken_Flach \"Ken Flach\") [Stéphane Simian](/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Simian \"Stéphane Simian\") |\n 6–3, 7–5 |\n|Loss\n\n 4–2 |\n [](/wiki/1995_Kroger_St._Jude_International_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Kroger St. Jude International – Doubles\") |\n[Memphis](/wiki/U.S._National_Indoor_Championships \"U.S. National Indoor Championships\"), United States\n\nChampionship Series\n\n Hard |\n [Tommy Ho](/wiki/Tommy_Ho \"Tommy Ho\") |\n [Jared Palmer](/wiki/Jared_Palmer \"Jared Palmer\") [Richey Reneberg](/wiki/Richey_Reneberg \"Richey Reneberg\") |\n 6–4, 6–7, 1–6 |\n|Win\n\n 5–2 |\n [](/wiki/1995_Newsweek_Champions_Cup_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Newsweek Champions Cup – Doubles\") |\n[Indian Wells](/wiki/Indian_Wells_Masters \"Indian Wells Masters\"), United States\n\nMasters Series\n\n Hard |\n [Tommy Ho](/wiki/Tommy_Ho \"Tommy Ho\") |\n [Pieter Norval](/wiki/Pieter_Norval \"Pieter Norval\") [Gary Muller](/wiki/Gary_Muller \"Gary Muller\") |\n 6–4, 7–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 5–3 |\n [](/wiki/1993_OTB_International_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 OTB International Open – Men's doubles\") |\n [Paget](/wiki/XL_Bermuda_Open \"XL Bermuda Open\"), Bermuda |\n World Series |\n Clay |\n [Jason Stoltenberg](/wiki/Jason_Stoltenberg \"Jason Stoltenberg\") |\n [Grant Connell](/wiki/Grant_Connell \"Grant Connell\") [Todd Martin](/wiki/Todd_Martin \"Todd Martin\") |\n 6–7, 6–2, 5–7 |\n|Loss\n\n 5–4 |\n [](/wiki/1995_Kremlin_Cup_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Kremlin Cup – Doubles\") |\n [Moscow](/wiki/XL_Bermuda_Open \"XL Bermuda Open\"), Russia |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Tommy Ho](/wiki/Tommy_Ho \"Tommy Ho\") |\n [Jared Palmer](/wiki/Jared_Palmer \"Jared Palmer\") [Byron Black](/wiki/Byron_Black \"Byron Black\") |\n 4–6, 6–3, 3–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 5–5 |\n [](/wiki/1996_BellSouth_Open \"1996 BellSouth Open\") |\n [Auckland](/wiki/ATP_Auckland_Open \"ATP Auckland Open\"), New Zealand |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Jonas Björkman](/wiki/Jonas_Bj%C3%B6rkman \"Jonas Björkman\") |\n [Marcos Ondruska](/wiki/Marcos_Ondruska \"Marcos Ondruska\") [Jack Waite](/wiki/Jack_Waite \"Jack Waite\") |\n walkover |\n|Loss\n\n 5–6 |\n [](/wiki/1996_Franklin_Templeton_Classic_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1996 Franklin Templeton Classic – Doubles\") |\n [Scottsdale](/wiki/Tennis_Channel_Open \"Tennis Channel Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Richey Reneberg](/wiki/Richey_Reneberg \"Richey Reneberg\") |\n [Patrick Galbraith](/wiki/Patrick_Galbraith \"Patrick Galbraith\") [Rick Leach](/wiki/Rick_Leach \"Rick Leach\") |\n 7–5, 5–7, 5–7 |\n|Win\n\n 6–6 |\n [](/wiki/1997_Copenhagen_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 Copenhagen Open – Doubles\") |\n [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen_Open \"Copenhagen Open\"), Denmark |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Andrei Olhovskiy](/wiki/Andrei_Olhovskiy \"Andrei Olhovskiy\") |\n [Kenneth Carlsen](/wiki/Kenneth_Carlsen \"Kenneth Carlsen\") [Frederik Fetterlein](/wiki/Frederik_Fetterlein \"Frederik Fetterlein\") |\n 6–4, 6–2 |\n|Win\n\n 7–6 |\n [](/wiki/1997_St._Petersburg_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 St. Petersburg Open – Doubles\") |\n [St. Petersburg](/wiki/St._Petersburg_Open \"St. Petersburg Open\"), Russia |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Andrei Olhovskiy](/wiki/Andrei_Olhovskiy \"Andrei Olhovskiy\") |\n [David Prinosil](/wiki/David_Prinosil \"David Prinosil\") [Daniel Vacek](/wiki/Daniel_Vacek \"Daniel Vacek\") |\n 6–4, 6–3 |\n|Win\n\n 8–6 |\n [](/wiki/1997_Hall_of_Fame_Tennis_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Doubles\") |\n [Newport](/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_Open \"Hall of Fame Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Grass |\n [Justin Gimelstob](/wiki/Justin_Gimelstob \"Justin Gimelstob\") |\n [Kent Kinnear](/wiki/Kent_Kinnear \"Kent Kinnear\") [Aleksandar Kitinov](/wiki/Aleksandar_Kitinov \"Aleksandar Kitinov\") |\n 6–3, 6–4 |\n|Win\n\n 9–6 |\n [](/wiki/1998_Heineken_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1998 Heineken Open – Doubles\") |\n [Auckland](/wiki/ATP_Auckland_Open \"ATP Auckland Open\"), New Zealand |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Patrick Galbraith](/wiki/Patrick_Galbraith \"Patrick Galbraith\") |\n [Tom Nijssen](/wiki/Tom_Nijssen \"Tom Nijssen\") [Jeff Tarango](/wiki/Jeff_Tarango \"Jeff Tarango\") |\n 6–4, 6–2 |\n|Loss\n\n 9–7 |\n [](/wiki/1997_Copenhagen_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 Copenhagen Open – Doubles\") |\n [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen_Open \"Copenhagen Open\"), Denmark |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Jan Siemerink](/wiki/Jan_Siemerink \"Jan Siemerink\") |\n [Tom Kempers](/wiki/Tom_Kempers \"Tom Kempers\") [Menno Oosting](/wiki/Menno_Oosting \"Menno Oosting\") |\n 4–6, 6–7 |\n|Loss\n\n 9–8 |\n [](/wiki/1998_ATP_German_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1998 ATP German Open – Doubles\") |\n[Hamburg](/wiki/Hamburg_European_Open \"Hamburg European Open\"), Germany\n\nMasters Series\n\n Clay |\n [David Adams](/wiki/David_Adams_%28tennis%29 \"David Adams (tennis)\") |\n [Donald Johnson](/wiki/Donald_Johnson \"Donald Johnson\") [Francisco Montana](/wiki/Francisco_Montana \"Francisco Montana\") |\n 2–6, 5–7 |\n",
"### Singles: 3 (3 runner\\-ups)\n\n | Legend | Grand Slam Tournaments (0–0\\) | ATP World Tour Finals (0–0\\) | ATP World Tour Masters Series (0–0\\) | ATP Championship Series (0–0\\) || ATP World Series (0–3\\) | |\n\n | Finals by surface | | Hard (0–2\\) | | Clay (0–0\\) | | Grass (0–1\\) | | Carpet (0–0\\) | |\n | Finals by setting | | Outdoors (0–3\\) | | Indoors (0–0\\) | |\n\n| Result |W–L\n\n Date |\n Tournament |\n Tier |\n Surface |\n Opponent |\nScore\n\n|Loss\n\n 0–1 |\n [](/wiki/1993_OTB_International_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 OTB International Open – Men's singles\") |\n [Schenectady](/wiki/OTB_Open \"OTB Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Thomas Enqvist](/wiki/Thomas_Enqvist \"Thomas Enqvist\") |\n 6–4, 3–6, 6–7(0–7\\) |\n|Loss\n\n 0–2 |\n [](/wiki/1996_BellSouth_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1996 BellSouth Open – Singles\") |\n [Auckland](/wiki/ATP_Auckland_Open \"ATP Auckland Open\"), New Zealand |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Jiří Novák](/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Nov%C3%A1k \"Jiří Novák\") |\n 4–6, 4–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 0–3 |\n [](/wiki/1997_Hall_of_Fame_Tennis_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1997 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Singles\") |\n [Newport](/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_Open \"Hall of Fame Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Grass |\n [Sargis Sargsian](/wiki/Sargis_Sargsian \"Sargis Sargsian\") |\n 6–7(0–7\\), 6–4, 5–7 |\n",
"### Doubles: 17 (9 title, 8 runner\\-ups)\n\n | Legend | Grand Slam Tournaments (0–0\\) | ATP World Tour Finals (0–0\\) | ATP Masters Series (1–1\\) | ATP Championship Series (0–1\\) || ATP World Series (8–6\\) | |\n\n | Finals by surface | | Hard (3–4\\) | | Clay (1–2\\) | | Grass (2–0\\) | | Carpet (3–2\\) | |\n | Finals by setting | | Outdoors (7–5\\) | | Indoors (2–3\\) | |\n\n| Result |W–L\n\n Date |\n Tournament |\n Tier |\n Surface |\n Partner |\n Opponents |\nScore\n\n|Win\n\n 1–0 |\n [](/wiki/1991_Miller_Lite_Hall_of_Fame_Tennis_Championships \"1991 Miller Lite Hall of Fame Tennis Championships\") |\n [Newport](/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_Open \"Hall of Fame Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Grass |\n [Gianluca Pozzi](/wiki/Gianluca_Pozzi \"Gianluca Pozzi\") |\n [Javier Frana](/wiki/Javier_Frana \"Javier Frana\") [Bruce Steel](/wiki/Bruce_Steel \"Bruce Steel\") |\n 6–4, 6–4 |\n|Loss\n\n 1–1 |\n [](/wiki/1993_OTB_International_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 OTB International Open – Men's doubles\") |\n [Schenectady](/wiki/OTB_Open \"OTB Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Byron Black](/wiki/Byron_Black \"Byron Black\") |\n [Bernd Karbacher](/wiki/Bernd_Karbacher \"Bernd Karbacher\") [Andrei Olhovskiy](/wiki/Andrei_Olhovskiy \"Andrei Olhovskiy\") |\n 6–2, 6–7, 1–6 |\n|Win\n\n 2–1 |\n [](/wiki/1994_Copenhagen_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1994 Copenhagen Open – Doubles\") |\n [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen_Open \"Copenhagen Open\"), Denmark |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Martin Damm](/wiki/Martin_Damm \"Martin Damm\") |\n [David Prinosil](/wiki/David_Prinosil \"David Prinosil\") [Udo Riglewski](/wiki/Udo_Riglewski \"Udo Riglewski\") |\n 6–3, 6–4 |\n|Win\n\n 3–1 |\n [](/wiki/Hong_Kong_Open_%28tennis%29 \"Hong Kong Open (tennis)\") |\n [Hong Kong](/wiki/Hong_Kong_Open_%28tennis%29 \"Hong Kong Open (tennis)\"), Hong Kong |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Jim Grabb](/wiki/Jim_Grabb \"Jim Grabb\") |\n [Jonas Björkman](/wiki/Jonas_Bj%C3%B6rkman \"Jonas Björkman\") [Patrick Rafter](/wiki/Patrick_Rafter \"Patrick Rafter\") |\n walkover |\n|Win\n\n 4–1 |\n [](/wiki/1994_International_Tennis_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1994 International Tennis Championships – Doubles\") |\n [Coral Springs](/wiki/Delray_Beach_Open \"Delray Beach Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Clay |\n [Lan Bale](/wiki/Lan_Bale \"Lan Bale\") |\n [Ken Flach](/wiki/Ken_Flach \"Ken Flach\") [Stéphane Simian](/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Simian \"Stéphane Simian\") |\n 6–3, 7–5 |\n|Loss\n\n 4–2 |\n [](/wiki/1995_Kroger_St._Jude_International_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Kroger St. Jude International – Doubles\") |\n[Memphis](/wiki/U.S._National_Indoor_Championships \"U.S. National Indoor Championships\"), United States\n\nChampionship Series\n\n Hard |\n [Tommy Ho](/wiki/Tommy_Ho \"Tommy Ho\") |\n [Jared Palmer](/wiki/Jared_Palmer \"Jared Palmer\") [Richey Reneberg](/wiki/Richey_Reneberg \"Richey Reneberg\") |\n 6–4, 6–7, 1–6 |\n|Win\n\n 5–2 |\n [](/wiki/1995_Newsweek_Champions_Cup_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Newsweek Champions Cup – Doubles\") |\n[Indian Wells](/wiki/Indian_Wells_Masters \"Indian Wells Masters\"), United States\n\nMasters Series\n\n Hard |\n [Tommy Ho](/wiki/Tommy_Ho \"Tommy Ho\") |\n [Pieter Norval](/wiki/Pieter_Norval \"Pieter Norval\") [Gary Muller](/wiki/Gary_Muller \"Gary Muller\") |\n 6–4, 7–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 5–3 |\n [](/wiki/1993_OTB_International_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 OTB International Open – Men's doubles\") |\n [Paget](/wiki/XL_Bermuda_Open \"XL Bermuda Open\"), Bermuda |\n World Series |\n Clay |\n [Jason Stoltenberg](/wiki/Jason_Stoltenberg \"Jason Stoltenberg\") |\n [Grant Connell](/wiki/Grant_Connell \"Grant Connell\") [Todd Martin](/wiki/Todd_Martin \"Todd Martin\") |\n 6–7, 6–2, 5–7 |\n|Loss\n\n 5–4 |\n [](/wiki/1995_Kremlin_Cup_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Kremlin Cup – Doubles\") |\n [Moscow](/wiki/XL_Bermuda_Open \"XL Bermuda Open\"), Russia |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Tommy Ho](/wiki/Tommy_Ho \"Tommy Ho\") |\n [Jared Palmer](/wiki/Jared_Palmer \"Jared Palmer\") [Byron Black](/wiki/Byron_Black \"Byron Black\") |\n 4–6, 6–3, 3–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 5–5 |\n [](/wiki/1996_BellSouth_Open \"1996 BellSouth Open\") |\n [Auckland](/wiki/ATP_Auckland_Open \"ATP Auckland Open\"), New Zealand |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Jonas Björkman](/wiki/Jonas_Bj%C3%B6rkman \"Jonas Björkman\") |\n [Marcos Ondruska](/wiki/Marcos_Ondruska \"Marcos Ondruska\") [Jack Waite](/wiki/Jack_Waite \"Jack Waite\") |\n walkover |\n|Loss\n\n 5–6 |\n [](/wiki/1996_Franklin_Templeton_Classic_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1996 Franklin Templeton Classic – Doubles\") |\n [Scottsdale](/wiki/Tennis_Channel_Open \"Tennis Channel Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Richey Reneberg](/wiki/Richey_Reneberg \"Richey Reneberg\") |\n [Patrick Galbraith](/wiki/Patrick_Galbraith \"Patrick Galbraith\") [Rick Leach](/wiki/Rick_Leach \"Rick Leach\") |\n 7–5, 5–7, 5–7 |\n|Win\n\n 6–6 |\n [](/wiki/1997_Copenhagen_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 Copenhagen Open – Doubles\") |\n [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen_Open \"Copenhagen Open\"), Denmark |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Andrei Olhovskiy](/wiki/Andrei_Olhovskiy \"Andrei Olhovskiy\") |\n [Kenneth Carlsen](/wiki/Kenneth_Carlsen \"Kenneth Carlsen\") [Frederik Fetterlein](/wiki/Frederik_Fetterlein \"Frederik Fetterlein\") |\n 6–4, 6–2 |\n|Win\n\n 7–6 |\n [](/wiki/1997_St._Petersburg_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 St. Petersburg Open – Doubles\") |\n [St. Petersburg](/wiki/St._Petersburg_Open \"St. Petersburg Open\"), Russia |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Andrei Olhovskiy](/wiki/Andrei_Olhovskiy \"Andrei Olhovskiy\") |\n [David Prinosil](/wiki/David_Prinosil \"David Prinosil\") [Daniel Vacek](/wiki/Daniel_Vacek \"Daniel Vacek\") |\n 6–4, 6–3 |\n|Win\n\n 8–6 |\n [](/wiki/1997_Hall_of_Fame_Tennis_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – Doubles\") |\n [Newport](/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_Open \"Hall of Fame Open\"), United States |\n World Series |\n Grass |\n [Justin Gimelstob](/wiki/Justin_Gimelstob \"Justin Gimelstob\") |\n [Kent Kinnear](/wiki/Kent_Kinnear \"Kent Kinnear\") [Aleksandar Kitinov](/wiki/Aleksandar_Kitinov \"Aleksandar Kitinov\") |\n 6–3, 6–4 |\n|Win\n\n 9–6 |\n [](/wiki/1998_Heineken_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1998 Heineken Open – Doubles\") |\n [Auckland](/wiki/ATP_Auckland_Open \"ATP Auckland Open\"), New Zealand |\n World Series |\n Hard |\n [Patrick Galbraith](/wiki/Patrick_Galbraith \"Patrick Galbraith\") |\n [Tom Nijssen](/wiki/Tom_Nijssen \"Tom Nijssen\") [Jeff Tarango](/wiki/Jeff_Tarango \"Jeff Tarango\") |\n 6–4, 6–2 |\n|Loss\n\n 9–7 |\n [](/wiki/1997_Copenhagen_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 Copenhagen Open – Doubles\") |\n [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen_Open \"Copenhagen Open\"), Denmark |\n World Series |\n Carpet |\n [Jan Siemerink](/wiki/Jan_Siemerink \"Jan Siemerink\") |\n [Tom Kempers](/wiki/Tom_Kempers \"Tom Kempers\") [Menno Oosting](/wiki/Menno_Oosting \"Menno Oosting\") |\n 4–6, 6–7 |\n|Loss\n\n 9–8 |\n [](/wiki/1998_ATP_German_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1998 ATP German Open – Doubles\") |\n[Hamburg](/wiki/Hamburg_European_Open \"Hamburg European Open\"), Germany\n\nMasters Series\n\n Clay |\n [David Adams](/wiki/David_Adams_%28tennis%29 \"David Adams (tennis)\") |\n [Donald Johnson](/wiki/Donald_Johnson \"Donald Johnson\") [Francisco Montana](/wiki/Francisco_Montana \"Francisco Montana\") |\n 2–6, 5–7 |\n",
"ATP Challenger and ITF Futures finals\n-------------------------------------\n\n### Singles: 6 (3–3\\)\n\n | Legend | ATP Challenger (3–3\\) | ITF Futures (0–0\\) | |\n\n | Finals by surface | | Hard (1–2\\) | | Clay (1–0\\) | | Grass (0–0\\) | | Carpet (1–1\\) | |\n\n| Result |W–L\n\n Date |\n Tournament |\n Tier |\n Surface |\n Opponent |\nScore\n\n|Win\n\n 1–0 |\n |\n[Canberra](/wiki/Canberra \"Canberra\"), Australia\n\nChallenger\n\n Carpet |\n [Andrew Kratzmann](/wiki/Andrew_Kratzmann \"Andrew Kratzmann\") |\n 6–3, 6 4 |\n|Loss\n\n 1–1 |\n |\n[New Haven](/wiki/New_Haven%2C_Connecticut \"New Haven, Connecticut\"), United States\n\nChallenger\n\n Hard |\n [Jimmy Arias](/wiki/Jimmy_Arias \"Jimmy Arias\") |\n 6–7, 2–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 1–2 |\n |\n[Aachen](/wiki/Lambertz_Open_by_STAWAG \"Lambertz Open by STAWAG\"), Germany\n\nChallenger\n\n Carpet |\n [Martin Damm](/wiki/Martin_Damm \"Martin Damm\") |\n 4–6, 6–7 |\n|Win\n\n 2–2 |\n |\n[Wellington](/wiki/Wellington \"Wellington\"), New Zealand\n\nChallenger\n\n Hard |\n [Martin Damm](/wiki/Martin_Damm \"Martin Damm\") |\n 6–3, 6 3 |\n|Win\n\n 3–2 |\n |\n[Ljubljana](/wiki/BMW_Ljubljana_Open \"BMW Ljubljana Open\"), Slovenia\n\nChallenger\n\n Clay |\n [Andrei Pavel](/wiki/Andrei_Pavel \"Andrei Pavel\") |\n 7–6, 6 2 |\n|Loss\n\n 3–3 |\n |\n[Binghamton](/wiki/Levene_Gouldin_%26_Thompson_Tennis_Challenger \"Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger\"), United States\n\nChallenger\n\n Hard |\n [Antony Dupuis](/wiki/Antony_Dupuis \"Antony Dupuis\") |\n 7–6, 1–6, 4–6 |\n\n### Doubles: 2 (0–2\\)\n\n | Legend | ATP Challenger (0–2\\) | ITF Futures (0–0\\) | |\n\n | Finals by surface | | Hard (0–0\\) | | Clay (0–1\\) | | Grass (0–0\\) | | Carpet (0–1\\) | |\n\n| Result |W–L\n\n Date |\n Tournament |\n Tier |\n Surface |\n Partner |\n Opponents |\nScore\n\n|Loss\n\n 0–1 |\n |\n[Hobart](/wiki/Hobart \"Hobart\"), Australia\n\nChallenger\n\n Carpet |\n [Sandon Stolle](/wiki/Sandon_Stolle \"Sandon Stolle\") |\n [Brett Custer](/wiki/Brett_Custer \"Brett Custer\") [David Macpherson](/wiki/David_Macpherson_%28tennis%29 \"David Macpherson (tennis)\") |\n 2–6, 7–6, 4–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 0–2 |\n |\n[Halle](/wiki/Halle_%28Saale%29 \"Halle (Saale)\"), Germany\n\nChallenger\n\n Clay |\n [Kelly Evernden](/wiki/Kelly_Evernden \"Kelly Evernden\") |\n [Karsten Braasch](/wiki/Karsten_Braasch \"Karsten Braasch\") [Lars Koslowski](/wiki/Lars_Koslowski \"Lars Koslowski\") |\n 6–4, 6–7, 0–6 |\n",
"### Singles: 6 (3–3\\)\n\n | Legend | ATP Challenger (3–3\\) | ITF Futures (0–0\\) | |\n\n | Finals by surface | | Hard (1–2\\) | | Clay (1–0\\) | | Grass (0–0\\) | | Carpet (1–1\\) | |\n\n| Result |W–L\n\n Date |\n Tournament |\n Tier |\n Surface |\n Opponent |\nScore\n\n|Win\n\n 1–0 |\n |\n[Canberra](/wiki/Canberra \"Canberra\"), Australia\n\nChallenger\n\n Carpet |\n [Andrew Kratzmann](/wiki/Andrew_Kratzmann \"Andrew Kratzmann\") |\n 6–3, 6 4 |\n|Loss\n\n 1–1 |\n |\n[New Haven](/wiki/New_Haven%2C_Connecticut \"New Haven, Connecticut\"), United States\n\nChallenger\n\n Hard |\n [Jimmy Arias](/wiki/Jimmy_Arias \"Jimmy Arias\") |\n 6–7, 2–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 1–2 |\n |\n[Aachen](/wiki/Lambertz_Open_by_STAWAG \"Lambertz Open by STAWAG\"), Germany\n\nChallenger\n\n Carpet |\n [Martin Damm](/wiki/Martin_Damm \"Martin Damm\") |\n 4–6, 6–7 |\n|Win\n\n 2–2 |\n |\n[Wellington](/wiki/Wellington \"Wellington\"), New Zealand\n\nChallenger\n\n Hard |\n [Martin Damm](/wiki/Martin_Damm \"Martin Damm\") |\n 6–3, 6 3 |\n|Win\n\n 3–2 |\n |\n[Ljubljana](/wiki/BMW_Ljubljana_Open \"BMW Ljubljana Open\"), Slovenia\n\nChallenger\n\n Clay |\n [Andrei Pavel](/wiki/Andrei_Pavel \"Andrei Pavel\") |\n 7–6, 6 2 |\n|Loss\n\n 3–3 |\n |\n[Binghamton](/wiki/Levene_Gouldin_%26_Thompson_Tennis_Challenger \"Levene Gouldin & Thompson Tennis Challenger\"), United States\n\nChallenger\n\n Hard |\n [Antony Dupuis](/wiki/Antony_Dupuis \"Antony Dupuis\") |\n 7–6, 1–6, 4–6 |\n",
"### Doubles: 2 (0–2\\)\n\n | Legend | ATP Challenger (0–2\\) | ITF Futures (0–0\\) | |\n\n | Finals by surface | | Hard (0–0\\) | | Clay (0–1\\) | | Grass (0–0\\) | | Carpet (0–1\\) | |\n\n| Result |W–L\n\n Date |\n Tournament |\n Tier |\n Surface |\n Partner |\n Opponents |\nScore\n\n|Loss\n\n 0–1 |\n |\n[Hobart](/wiki/Hobart \"Hobart\"), Australia\n\nChallenger\n\n Carpet |\n [Sandon Stolle](/wiki/Sandon_Stolle \"Sandon Stolle\") |\n [Brett Custer](/wiki/Brett_Custer \"Brett Custer\") [David Macpherson](/wiki/David_Macpherson_%28tennis%29 \"David Macpherson (tennis)\") |\n 2–6, 7–6, 4–6 |\n|Loss\n\n 0–2 |\n |\n[Halle](/wiki/Halle_%28Saale%29 \"Halle (Saale)\"), Germany\n\nChallenger\n\n Clay |\n [Kelly Evernden](/wiki/Kelly_Evernden \"Kelly Evernden\") |\n [Karsten Braasch](/wiki/Karsten_Braasch \"Karsten Braasch\") [Lars Koslowski](/wiki/Lars_Koslowski \"Lars Koslowski\") |\n 6–4, 6–7, 0–6 |\n",
"Performance timelines\n---------------------\n\n### Singles\n\n| Tournament | [1987](/wiki/1987_Grand_Prix_%28tennis%29 \"1987 Grand Prix (tennis)\") | [1988](/wiki/1988_ATP_Tour \"1988 ATP Tour\") | [1989](/wiki/1989_ATP_Tour \"1989 ATP Tour\") | [1990](/wiki/1990_ATP_Tour \"1990 ATP Tour\") | [1991](/wiki/1991_ATP_Tour \"1991 ATP Tour\") | [1992](/wiki/1992_ATP_Tour \"1992 ATP Tour\") | [1993](/wiki/1993_ATP_Tour \"1993 ATP Tour\") | [1994](/wiki/1994_ATP_Tour \"1994 ATP Tour\") | [1995](/wiki/1995_ATP_Tour \"1995 ATP Tour\") | [1996](/wiki/1996_ATP_Tour \"1996 ATP Tour\") | [1997](/wiki/1997_ATP_Tour \"1997 ATP Tour\") | [1998](/wiki/1998_ATP_Tour \"1998 ATP Tour\") | [1999](/wiki/1999_ATP_Tour \"1999 ATP Tour\") | SR | W–L | Win % |\n\n|**[Grand Slam tournaments](/wiki/Grand_Slam_%28tennis%29 \"Grand Slam (tennis)\")**\n\n|[Australian Open](/wiki/Australian_Open \"Australian Open\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[Q1](/wiki/1991_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1991 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1993_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1994_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[4R](/wiki/1996_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1996 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1997_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1997 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1999_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1999 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n 0 / 7 |\n 9–7 |\n |\n|[French Open](/wiki/French_Open \"French Open\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1993_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1996_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1996 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[Q1](/wiki/1997_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1997 French Open – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 5 |\n 4–5 |\n |\n|[Wimbledon](/wiki/Wimbledon_Championships \"Wimbledon Championships\")\n\n[Q1](/wiki/1987_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1987 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[Q2](/wiki/1991_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1993_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1994_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1996_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[4R](/wiki/1997_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1997 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 6 |\n 9–6 |\n |\n|[US Open](/wiki/US_Open_%28tennis%29 \"US Open (tennis)\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[Q3](/wiki/1992_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1992 US Open – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1993_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1997_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1997 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[Q2](/wiki/1999_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1999 US Open – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n 0 / 5 |\n 2–5 |\n |\n|Win–loss\n\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 6–4 |\n 2–4 |\n 6–4 |\n 6–3 |\n 4–3 |\n 0–4 |\n 0–1 |\n 0 / 23 |\n 24–23 |\n |\n|**Olympic Games**\n\n|[Summer Olympics](/wiki/Tennis_at_the_Summer_Olympics \"Tennis at the Summer Olympics\")\n\nNH\n\n A |\nNot Held\n\n A |\nNot Held\n\n[1R](/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"Tennis at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's singles\")\n\nNot Held\n\n 0 / 1 |\n 0–1 |\n |\n|**ATP Masters Series**\n\n|[Indian Wells](/wiki/Indian_Wells_Masters \"Indian Wells Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1996_Newsweek_Champions_Cup_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1996 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 0–1 |\n |\n|[Miami](/wiki/Miami_Masters \"Miami Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1993_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 Lipton Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 Lipton Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1995_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 Lipton Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 3 |\n 1–3 |\n |\n|[Monte Carlo](/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Masters \"Monte Carlo Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1998_Monte_Carlo_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1998 Monte Carlo Open – Singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 0–1 |\n |\n|[Hamburg](/wiki/Hamburg_Masters \"Hamburg Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1998_ATP_German_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1998 ATP German Open – Singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 0–1 |\n |\n|[Rome](/wiki/Rome_Masters \"Rome Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1998_Italian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 Italian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 3–1 |\n |\n|[Canada](/wiki/Canada_Masters \"Canada Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1993_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 Canadian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1994_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 Canadian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 Canadian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1997_du_Maurier_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1997 du Maurier Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 4 |\n 7–4 |\n |\n|[Cincinnati](/wiki/Cincinnati_Masters \"Cincinnati Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1993 Thriftway ATP Championships – Singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1994 Thriftway ATP Championships – Singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1995 Thriftway ATP Championships – Singles\")\n\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1997_Great_American_Insurance_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1997 Great American Insurance ATP Championships – Singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 4 |\n 2–4 |\n |\n|[Paris](/wiki/Paris_Masters \"Paris Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Paris_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1993 Paris Open – Singles\")\n\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1995_Paris_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1995 Paris Open – Singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 2 |\n 0–2 |\n |\n|Win–loss\n\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 4–4 |\n 1–3 |\n 4–4 |\n 0–1 |\n 1–2 |\n 3–3 |\n 0–0 |\n 0 / 17 |\n 13–17 |\n |\n\n### Doubles\n\n| Tournament | [1991](/wiki/1991_ATP_Tour \"1991 ATP Tour\") | [1992](/wiki/1992_ATP_Tour \"1992 ATP Tour\") | [1993](/wiki/1993_ATP_Tour \"1993 ATP Tour\") | [1994](/wiki/1994_ATP_Tour \"1994 ATP Tour\") | [1995](/wiki/1995_ATP_Tour \"1995 ATP Tour\") | [1996](/wiki/1996_ATP_Tour \"1996 ATP Tour\") | [1997](/wiki/1997_ATP_Tour \"1997 ATP Tour\") | [1998](/wiki/1998_ATP_Tour \"1998 ATP Tour\") | SR | W–L | Win % |\n\n|**[Grand Slam tournaments](/wiki/Grand_Slam_%28tennis%29 \"Grand Slam (tennis)\")**\n\n|[Australian Open](/wiki/Australian_Open \"Australian Open\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1996_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1996 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1997_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1997 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[QF](/wiki/1998_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 6 |\n 7–6 |\n |\n|[French Open](/wiki/French_Open \"French Open\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1993_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1994_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[SF](/wiki/1995_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1996_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1996 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1998_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 5 |\n 10–5 |\n |\n|[Wimbledon](/wiki/Wimbledon_Championships \"Wimbledon Championships\")\n\n[Q1](/wiki/1991_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[QF](/wiki/1994_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1996_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1997_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1997 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[QF](/wiki/1998_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 6 |\n 8–6 |\n |\n|[US Open](/wiki/US_Open_%28tennis%29 \"US Open (tennis)\")\n\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1992_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1992 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1993_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1994_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1997_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1997 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 5 |\n 4–5 |\n |\n|Win–loss\n\n 0–0 |\n 1–1 |\n 2–4 |\n 7–4 |\n 6–3 |\n 2–3 |\n 2–3 |\n 9–4 |\n 0 / 22 |\n 29–22 |\n |\n|**Year\\-end Championships**\n\n|[ATP Finals](/wiki/ATP_Finals \"ATP Finals\")\n\nDid not qualify\n\n[RR](/wiki/1995_ATP_Tour_World_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 ATP Tour World Championships – Doubles\")\n\nDNQ\n\n 0 / 1 |\n 1–2 |\n |\n|**ATP Masters Series**\n\n|[Indian Wells](/wiki/Indian_Wells_Masters \"Indian Wells Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[**W**](/wiki/1995_Newsweek_Champions_Cup_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Newsweek Champions Cup – Doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1996_Newsweek_Champions_Cup_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1996 Newsweek Champions Cup – Doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n 1 / 2 |\n 5–1 |\n |\n|[Miami](/wiki/Miami_Masters \"Miami Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[Q2](/wiki/1993_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1994_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 2 |\n 3–2 |\n |\n|[Hamburg](/wiki/Hamburg_Masters \"Hamburg Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[F](/wiki/1998_ATP_German_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1998 ATP German Open – Doubles\")\n\n 0 / 1 |\n 4–1 |\n |\n|[Rome](/wiki/Rome_Masters \"Rome Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1998_Italian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 Italian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 1 |\n 2–1 |\n |\n|[Canada](/wiki/Canada_Masters \"Canada Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 Canadian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[QF](/wiki/1994_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 Canadian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1995_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 Canadian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 3 |\n 2–3 |\n |\n|[Cincinnati](/wiki/Cincinnati_Masters \"Cincinnati Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1994_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1994 Thriftway ATP Championships – Doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Thriftway ATP Championships – Doubles\")\n\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1997_Great_American_Insurance_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 Great American Insurance ATP Championships – Doubles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 3 |\n 2–3 |\n |\n|[Paris](/wiki/Paris_Masters \"Paris Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Paris_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Paris Open – Doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 1–1 |\n |\n|Win–loss\n\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–1 |\n 5–3 |\n 8–4 |\n 0–1 |\n 0–1 |\n 6–2 |\n 1 / 13 |\n 19–12 |\n |\n",
"### Singles\n\n| Tournament | [1987](/wiki/1987_Grand_Prix_%28tennis%29 \"1987 Grand Prix (tennis)\") | [1988](/wiki/1988_ATP_Tour \"1988 ATP Tour\") | [1989](/wiki/1989_ATP_Tour \"1989 ATP Tour\") | [1990](/wiki/1990_ATP_Tour \"1990 ATP Tour\") | [1991](/wiki/1991_ATP_Tour \"1991 ATP Tour\") | [1992](/wiki/1992_ATP_Tour \"1992 ATP Tour\") | [1993](/wiki/1993_ATP_Tour \"1993 ATP Tour\") | [1994](/wiki/1994_ATP_Tour \"1994 ATP Tour\") | [1995](/wiki/1995_ATP_Tour \"1995 ATP Tour\") | [1996](/wiki/1996_ATP_Tour \"1996 ATP Tour\") | [1997](/wiki/1997_ATP_Tour \"1997 ATP Tour\") | [1998](/wiki/1998_ATP_Tour \"1998 ATP Tour\") | [1999](/wiki/1999_ATP_Tour \"1999 ATP Tour\") | SR | W–L | Win % |\n\n|**[Grand Slam tournaments](/wiki/Grand_Slam_%28tennis%29 \"Grand Slam (tennis)\")**\n\n|[Australian Open](/wiki/Australian_Open \"Australian Open\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[Q1](/wiki/1991_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1991 Australian Open – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1993_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1994_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[4R](/wiki/1996_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1996 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1997_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1997 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1999_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1999 Australian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n 0 / 7 |\n 9–7 |\n |\n|[French Open](/wiki/French_Open \"French Open\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1993_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1996_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1996 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[Q1](/wiki/1997_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1997 French Open – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 French Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 5 |\n 4–5 |\n |\n|[Wimbledon](/wiki/Wimbledon_Championships \"Wimbledon Championships\")\n\n[Q1](/wiki/1987_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1987 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[Q2](/wiki/1991_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1993_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1994_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1996_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[4R](/wiki/1997_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1997 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 6 |\n 9–6 |\n |\n|[US Open](/wiki/US_Open_%28tennis%29 \"US Open (tennis)\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[Q3](/wiki/1992_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1992 US Open – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1993_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1997_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1997 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 US Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[Q2](/wiki/1999_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles_qualifying \"1999 US Open – Men's singles qualifying\")\n\n 0 / 5 |\n 2–5 |\n |\n|Win–loss\n\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 6–4 |\n 2–4 |\n 6–4 |\n 6–3 |\n 4–3 |\n 0–4 |\n 0–1 |\n 0 / 23 |\n 24–23 |\n |\n|**Olympic Games**\n\n|[Summer Olympics](/wiki/Tennis_at_the_Summer_Olympics \"Tennis at the Summer Olympics\")\n\nNH\n\n A |\nNot Held\n\n A |\nNot Held\n\n[1R](/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"Tennis at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's singles\")\n\nNot Held\n\n 0 / 1 |\n 0–1 |\n |\n|**ATP Masters Series**\n\n|[Indian Wells](/wiki/Indian_Wells_Masters \"Indian Wells Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1996_Newsweek_Champions_Cup_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1996 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 0–1 |\n |\n|[Miami](/wiki/Miami_Masters \"Miami Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1993_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 Lipton Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 Lipton Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1995_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 Lipton Championships – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 3 |\n 1–3 |\n |\n|[Monte Carlo](/wiki/Monte_Carlo_Masters \"Monte Carlo Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1998_Monte_Carlo_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1998 Monte Carlo Open – Singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 0–1 |\n |\n|[Hamburg](/wiki/Hamburg_Masters \"Hamburg Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1998_ATP_German_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1998 ATP German Open – Singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 0–1 |\n |\n|[Rome](/wiki/Rome_Masters \"Rome Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1998_Italian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1998 Italian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 3–1 |\n |\n|[Canada](/wiki/Canada_Masters \"Canada Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1993_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1993 Canadian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1994_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1994 Canadian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1995 Canadian Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1997_du_Maurier_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles \"1997 du Maurier Open – Men's singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 4 |\n 7–4 |\n |\n|[Cincinnati](/wiki/Cincinnati_Masters \"Cincinnati Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1993 Thriftway ATP Championships – Singles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1994 Thriftway ATP Championships – Singles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1995 Thriftway ATP Championships – Singles\")\n\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1997_Great_American_Insurance_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1997 Great American Insurance ATP Championships – Singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 4 |\n 2–4 |\n |\n|[Paris](/wiki/Paris_Masters \"Paris Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Paris_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1993 Paris Open – Singles\")\n\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1995_Paris_Open_%E2%80%93_Singles \"1995 Paris Open – Singles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 2 |\n 0–2 |\n |\n|Win–loss\n\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 4–4 |\n 1–3 |\n 4–4 |\n 0–1 |\n 1–2 |\n 3–3 |\n 0–0 |\n 0 / 17 |\n 13–17 |\n |\n",
"### Doubles\n\n| Tournament | [1991](/wiki/1991_ATP_Tour \"1991 ATP Tour\") | [1992](/wiki/1992_ATP_Tour \"1992 ATP Tour\") | [1993](/wiki/1993_ATP_Tour \"1993 ATP Tour\") | [1994](/wiki/1994_ATP_Tour \"1994 ATP Tour\") | [1995](/wiki/1995_ATP_Tour \"1995 ATP Tour\") | [1996](/wiki/1996_ATP_Tour \"1996 ATP Tour\") | [1997](/wiki/1997_ATP_Tour \"1997 ATP Tour\") | [1998](/wiki/1998_ATP_Tour \"1998 ATP Tour\") | SR | W–L | Win % |\n\n|**[Grand Slam tournaments](/wiki/Grand_Slam_%28tennis%29 \"Grand Slam (tennis)\")**\n\n|[Australian Open](/wiki/Australian_Open \"Australian Open\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1994_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1996_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1996 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1997_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1997 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[QF](/wiki/1998_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 Australian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 6 |\n 7–6 |\n |\n|[French Open](/wiki/French_Open \"French Open\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1993_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1994_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[SF](/wiki/1995_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1996_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1996 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1998_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 French Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 5 |\n 10–5 |\n |\n|[Wimbledon](/wiki/Wimbledon_Championships \"Wimbledon Championships\")\n\n[Q1](/wiki/1991_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[QF](/wiki/1994_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1996_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1997_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1997 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[QF](/wiki/1998_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 6 |\n 8–6 |\n |\n|[US Open](/wiki/US_Open_%28tennis%29 \"US Open (tennis)\")\n\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1992_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1992 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1993_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1994_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1997_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1997 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1998_US_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 US Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 5 |\n 4–5 |\n |\n|Win–loss\n\n 0–0 |\n 1–1 |\n 2–4 |\n 7–4 |\n 6–3 |\n 2–3 |\n 2–3 |\n 9–4 |\n 0 / 22 |\n 29–22 |\n |\n|**Year\\-end Championships**\n\n|[ATP Finals](/wiki/ATP_Finals \"ATP Finals\")\n\nDid not qualify\n\n[RR](/wiki/1995_ATP_Tour_World_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 ATP Tour World Championships – Doubles\")\n\nDNQ\n\n 0 / 1 |\n 1–2 |\n |\n|**ATP Masters Series**\n\n|[Indian Wells](/wiki/Indian_Wells_Masters \"Indian Wells Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[**W**](/wiki/1995_Newsweek_Champions_Cup_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Newsweek Champions Cup – Doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1996_Newsweek_Champions_Cup_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1996 Newsweek Champions Cup – Doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n 1 / 2 |\n 5–1 |\n |\n|[Miami](/wiki/Miami_Masters \"Miami Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[Q2](/wiki/1993_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1994_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n[3R](/wiki/1995_Lipton_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 Lipton Championships – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 2 |\n 3–2 |\n |\n|[Hamburg](/wiki/Hamburg_Masters \"Hamburg Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[F](/wiki/1998_ATP_German_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1998 ATP German Open – Doubles\")\n\n 0 / 1 |\n 4–1 |\n |\n|[Rome](/wiki/Rome_Masters \"Rome Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[QF](/wiki/1998_Italian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1998 Italian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n 0 / 1 |\n 2–1 |\n |\n|[Canada](/wiki/Canada_Masters \"Canada Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1993_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1993 Canadian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[QF](/wiki/1994_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1994 Canadian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n[1R](/wiki/1995_Canadian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles \"1995 Canadian Open – Men's doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 3 |\n 2–3 |\n |\n|[Cincinnati](/wiki/Cincinnati_Masters \"Cincinnati Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1994_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1994 Thriftway ATP Championships – Doubles\")\n\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Thriftway_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Thriftway ATP Championships – Doubles\")\n\n A |\n[1R](/wiki/1997_Great_American_Insurance_ATP_Championships_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1997 Great American Insurance ATP Championships – Doubles\")\n\n A |\n 0 / 3 |\n 2–3 |\n |\n|[Paris](/wiki/Paris_Masters \"Paris Masters\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n A |\n[2R](/wiki/1995_Paris_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles \"1995 Paris Open – Doubles\")\n\n A |\n A |\n A |\n 0 / 1 |\n 1–1 |\n |\n|Win–loss\n\n 0–0 |\n 0–0 |\n 0–1 |\n 5–3 |\n 8–4 |\n 0–1 |\n 0–1 |\n 6–2 |\n 1 / 13 |\n 19–12 |\n |\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1969 births](/wiki/Category:1969_births \"1969 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:People educated at Mount Roskill Grammar School](/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Mount_Roskill_Grammar_School \"People educated at Mount Roskill Grammar School\")\n[Category:New Zealand male tennis players](/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_male_tennis_players \"New Zealand male tennis players\")\n[Category:Olympic tennis players for New Zealand](/wiki/Category:Olympic_tennis_players_for_New_Zealand \"Olympic tennis players for New Zealand\")\n[Category:Tennis players from Auckland](/wiki/Category:Tennis_players_from_Auckland \"Tennis players from Auckland\")\n[Category:Tennis players at the 1996 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Tennis_players_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics \"Tennis players at the 1996 Summer Olympics\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
fdd2o9qscg4hsp7xyqklxx3l1m2q6pl
|
2024-04-05T02:05:18Z
| 1,214,685,108 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Gameplay",
"Plot",
"Development and marketing",
"Reception",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Star Wars: Jedi Starfighter*** is a 2002 [action](/wiki/Action_game \"Action game\") video game for the [PlayStation 2](/wiki/PlayStation_2 \"PlayStation 2\") and [Xbox](/wiki/Xbox_%28console%29 \"Xbox (console)\"), developed and published by [LucasArts](/wiki/LucasArts \"LucasArts\"). It is the sequel to *[Star Wars: Starfighter](/wiki/Star_Wars:Starfighter \"Starfighter\")*. *Jedi Starfighter* takes place just prior to the events of *Attack of the Clones* and during the Battle of Geonosis. On November 17, 2015 it was re\\-released for the [PlayStation 4](/wiki/PlayStation_4 \"PlayStation 4\") in North America as part of the *[Star Wars Battlefront](/wiki/Star_Wars_Battlefront_%282015_video_game%29 \"Star Wars Battlefront (2015 video game)\")* limited edition console bundle.\n\n",
"Gameplay\n--------\n\nIn the game, the player controls different star fighters from the *Star Wars* universe. Each mission revolves around protecting friendly ships and destroying enemy ships. Each mission also has one bonus and one hidden objective completing of which unlocks bonus missions, videos, and starfighters. In Cooperative mode, the second player either controls a ship or a turret, depending on the mission.\n\nStarfighters are equipped with different weaponry which can be highly effective in certain missions. The use of the force weapons in the Jedi Starfighter present a unique aspect to the genre. Force weapons are activated by holding a button which begins to turn the screen purple, and releasing it before the screen becomes white. Holding the button for just the right amount of time will cause the force weapon to last longer or destroy more targets. Holding it too long or too short will reduce its effectiveness. Although unlimited in number, force weapons take several seconds to \"recharge\" while Adi is regaining her mental strength.\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nSet before and during the Battle of Geonosis, the story features [Jedi Master](/wiki/Jedi_Master \"Jedi Master\") Adi Gallia and the hot\\-headed pirate from the previous game, [Nym](/wiki/List_of_minor_Star_Wars_characters%23Nym \"List of minor Star Wars characters#Nym\"), as Gallia tests out the [Republic](/wiki/Republic \"Republic\")'s new weapon: the [Jedi Starfighter](/wiki/Jedi_Starfighter \"Jedi Starfighter\"). She meets Nym, now forcefully exiled from his base of operations on Lok by the [Trade Federation](/wiki/Trade_Federation \"Trade Federation\") in the first game. The Trade Federation is greedily seeking to create a potent weapon with which to use in the upcoming [Clone Wars](/wiki/Clone_Wars_%28Star_Wars%29 \"Clone Wars (Star Wars)\") conflict, and expand on the growing [Separatist](/wiki/Separatist \"Separatist\") movement that is expanding to oppose the Republic. Many old favorite characters from the [original game](/wiki/Star_Wars:Starfighter \"Starfighter\") are included in this one, including Nym's chattery [Toydarian](/wiki/Toydarian \"Toydarian\") partner, Reti, and most of Nym's old crew. New characters include Jinkins, a [Bith](/wiki/Bith_%28Star_Wars%29 \"Bith (Star Wars)\") briefly mentioned in Star Wars Starfighter, Captain Orsai, a brave cruiser pilot, Kole, Nym's demolition expert, and the evil Captain Toth, the leader of the Saboath mercenary army and the mastermind who came up with the deadly Hex Missile Threat that the Trade Federation wants to use in the upcoming conflict.\n\n",
"Development and marketing\n-------------------------\n\nOn PlayStation hardware, the PlayStation 2 version was made backwards compatible on the [PlayStation 3](/wiki/PlayStation_3 \"PlayStation 3\") in 2015 via the PS2 Classics library. The earlier \"fat\" models of PlayStation 3 will play the disc version of the game on PlayStation 3 hardware. In 2016, the PlayStation 2 version was ported to the [PlayStation 4](/wiki/PlayStation_4 \"PlayStation 4\") adding PlayStation trophy support with HD upgrades rather being emulated compared to the PlayStation 3\\. Complete backwards compatibility on the [PlayStation 5](/wiki/PlayStation \"PlayStation\") is likely to be a reality for PlayStation 4 games, although this is to be confirmed, through the PlayStation 4 HD port of the game, *Jedi Starfighter* is likely to be compatible on the [PlayStation 5](/wiki/PlayStation_5 \"PlayStation 5\").\n\nOn Xbox hardware, the Xbox version was added to the [backwards compatible](/wiki/List_of_Xbox_games_compatible_with_Xbox_360 \"List of Xbox games compatible with Xbox 360\") list for the [Xbox 360](/wiki/Xbox_360 \"Xbox 360\"), although this added minor bugs with minor slowdown during menu selections and transitions, minor performance issues during cut scenes. Items on HUD may randomly become solid instead of transparent.\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\n*Jedi Starfighter* was met with positive reception upon release. [GameRankings](/wiki/GameRankings \"GameRankings\") and [Metacritic](/wiki/Metacritic \"Metacritic\") gave it a score of 81\\.96% and 81 out of 100 for the PlayStation 2 version, and 78\\.35% and 78 out of 100 for the Xbox version.\n\n*[Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine](/wiki/PlayStation_Official_Magazine_-_UK \"PlayStation Official Magazine - UK\")* thought highly of the game, giving it a score of 8 out of 10 and describing it in this way: \"Starfighter returns with a few welcome innovations.\" In Japan, *[Famitsu](/wiki/Famitsu \"Famitsu\")* gave the PS2 version a score of 32 out of 40\\.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of Star Wars video games](/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_video_games \"List of Star Wars video games\")\n* [Star Wars video games](/wiki/Star_Wars_video_games \"Star Wars video games\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [LucasArts page](https://web.archive.org/web/20070209160624/http://www.lucasarts.com/products/jedistarfighter/splash.htm)\n[Category:2002 video games](/wiki/Category:2002_video_games \"2002 video games\")\n[Category:Cooperative video games](/wiki/Category:Cooperative_video_games \"Cooperative video games\")\n[Category:LucasArts games](/wiki/Category:LucasArts_games \"LucasArts games\")\n[Category:PlayStation 2 games](/wiki/Category:PlayStation_2_games \"PlayStation 2 games\")\n[Category:Space combat simulators](/wiki/Category:Space_combat_simulators \"Space combat simulators\")\n[Jedi Starfighter](/wiki/Category:Star_Wars_video_games \"Star Wars video games\")\n[Category:Video games featuring female protagonists](/wiki/Category:Video_games_featuring_female_protagonists \"Video games featuring female protagonists\")\n[Jedi Starfighter](/wiki/Category:Star_Wars:_Episode_II_%E2%80%93_Attack_of_the_Clones_video_games \"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones video games\")\n[Category:Video games developed in the United States](/wiki/Category:Video_games_developed_in_the_United_States \"Video games developed in the United States\")\n[Category:Multiplayer and single\\-player video games](/wiki/Category:Multiplayer_and_single-player_video_games \"Multiplayer and single-player video games\")\n[Category:Video games scored by Mark Griskey](/wiki/Category:Video_games_scored_by_Mark_Griskey \"Video games scored by Mark Griskey\")\n[Category:Xbox games](/wiki/Category:Xbox_games \"Xbox games\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Charles Hubbard Judd
|
{
"id": [
44466778
],
"name": [
"Polygnotus"
]
}
|
23645g3d3o063mcaq2duyr073h38yl2
|
2024-08-12T21:20:46Z
| 1,236,266,691 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Education",
"Profession",
"Selected publications",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[right\\|frameless\\|287x287px](/wiki/File:Charles_Hubbard_Judd_%281873-1946%29.jpg \"Charles Hubbard Judd (1873-1946).jpg\")\n**Charles Hubbard Judd** (February 20, 1873 – July 18, 1946) was an American [educational psychologist](/wiki/Educational_psychology \"Educational psychology\") who played an influential role in the formation of the discipline. Part of the larger scientific movement of this period, Judd pushed for the use of scientific methods to the understanding of education and, thus, wanted to limit the use of theory in the field. Judd was known for applying scientific methods to the study of educational issues.\n\nBorn in [Bareilly](/wiki/Bareilly \"Bareilly\"), [British India](/wiki/British_India \"British India\") of American missionary parents, he moved to the United States with his parents Charles Wesley Judd and Sarah Hubbard Judd in 1879\\. Judd obtained a [PhD](/wiki/PhD \"PhD\") at the [University of Leipzig](/wiki/University_of_Leipzig \"University of Leipzig\") under the tutelage of [Wilhelm Wundt](/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt \"Wilhelm Wundt\"). Judd was director of the Department of Education at the [University of Chicago](/wiki/University_of_Chicago \"University of Chicago\") from 1909 to 1938\\. His works include *Genetic Psychology for Teachers*, *Psychology of Social Institutions* and *Psychology of High\\-School Subjects* (Boston, 1915\\).\n\n",
"Education\n---------\n\nJudd attended [Wesleyan University](/wiki/Wesleyan_University \"Wesleyan University\") in Connecticut, receiving his degree in 1894\\. During his time at Wesleyan he took classes with Andrew Campbell Armstrong who introduced Judd to psychology. He next entered graduate work at the [University of Leipzig](/wiki/University_of_Leipzig \"University of Leipzig\") in Germany, where he studied psychology under the renowned [Wilhelm Wundt](/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt \"Wilhelm Wundt\"). Judd got his Ph.D. degree in 1896\\. Wundt's scientific study of psychology made a lasting impression on Judd. Judd later translated Wundt's Outlines of Psychology into English.<https://www.readinghalloffame.org/sites/default/files/deceased_member_files/a_leader_in_silent_and_oral_reading_instruction.pdf> \n\n",
"Profession\n----------\n\n \nCharles Hubbard Judd was an educational psychologist. He wrote \"Genetic Psychology for Teachers\" in 1903, launching his career as an analyst of the psychology of school curriculums. From 1907\\- 1909 Judd was the director of the psychological laboratory at Yale University; from 1909\\-1938 Judd was a professor and head of the Department of Education at the University of Chicago from which he retired. Throughout his career Judd published many of his ideas, helping further the field of social psychology. Some of his published work is \"Psychology of Social Institutions\" in 1926, and \"Education as Cultivation of the Higher Mental Processes\" in 1936\\. He worked at New York University in 1898, then went to University of Cincinnati in Ohio in 1900–1901\\. Then went to Yale in 1901 to teach psychology courses. In 1909 he became the director in the University of Chicago.\n\n",
"Selected publications\n---------------------\n\n* Judd, Charles Hubbard. *Psychology of high\\-school subjects.* Ginn and Company, 1915\\.\n* Judd, Charles Hubbard, and [Leon Carroll Marshall](/wiki/Leon_Carroll_Marshall \"Leon Carroll Marshall\"). *[Lessons in community and national life. Series B, for the first class of the high school and the upper grades of the elementary school](https://archive.org/stream/lessonsincommun02marsgoog#page/n6/mode/2up).* United States. Bureau of Education; United States. Food and Drug Administration, 1918\\.\n* Judd, Charles Hubbard, and Guy Thomas Buswell. *Silent reading: A study of the various types.* No. 23\\. University of Chicago, 1922\\.\n* Judd, Charles Hubbard. *The psychology of social institutions.* (1926\\).\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Guide to the Charles Hubbard Judd Papers 1925\\-1927](https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.JUDD)\n\n\\_\\_FORCETOC\\_\\_\n\n[Category:1873 births](/wiki/Category:1873_births \"1873 births\")\n[Category:1946 deaths](/wiki/Category:1946_deaths \"1946 deaths\")\n[Category:University of Chicago faculty](/wiki/Category:University_of_Chicago_faculty \"University of Chicago faculty\")\n[Category:Presidents of the American Psychological Association](/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_American_Psychological_Association \"Presidents of the American Psychological Association\")\n[Category:American educational psychologists](/wiki/Category:American_educational_psychologists \"American educational psychologists\")\n[Category:American expatriates in British India](/wiki/Category:American_expatriates_in_British_India \"American expatriates in British India\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Thomas Fraser (Upper Canada politician)
|
{
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
}
|
t4b8yb3286xhhiuhm4tx2nmbo0esmqf
|
2023-08-20T04:21:27Z
| 1,144,482,605 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External references"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Thomas Fraser** (1749 – October 18, 1821\\) was a soldier and political figure in [Upper Canada](/wiki/Upper_Canada \"Upper Canada\").\n* + \n\nHe was born in [Stratherrick](/wiki/Stratherrick \"Stratherrick\"), [Inverness](/wiki/Inverness \"Inverness\"), [Scotland](/wiki/Scotland \"Scotland\") in 1749\\. His family came to [North America](/wiki/North_America \"North America\") in 1767 and settled on the estate of [Sir William Johnson](/wiki/Sir_William_Johnson%2C_1st_Baronet \"Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet\") in [Tryon County, New York](/wiki/Tryon_County%2C_New_York \"Tryon County, New York\"). In 1777, he and his brother were captured while trying to escape to [Quebec](/wiki/Quebec \"Quebec\"). They escaped and joined Major\\-General [John Burgoyne](/wiki/John_Burgoyne \"John Burgoyne\") at [Fort Edward](/wiki/Fort_Edward_%28town%29%2C_New_York \"Fort Edward (town), New York\"). After the fall of [Saratoga](/wiki/Battle_of_Saratoga \"Battle of Saratoga\"), they escaped north to Quebec. In 1779, they served as border guards at the [Yamaska River](/wiki/Yamaska_River \"Yamaska River\") and later became Lieutenants in [Edward Jessup](/wiki/Edward_Jessup \"Edward Jessup\")'s [Loyal Rangers](/wiki/Loyal_Rangers \"Loyal Rangers\").\n\nIn 1784, he settled in [Edwardsburg Township](/wiki/Edwardsburg_Township%2C_Ontario \"Edwardsburg Township, Ontario\"), where he built a [sawmill](/wiki/Sawmill \"Sawmill\"). In 1786, he became a justice of the peace and, in 1792, was appointed to the land board for [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds_County%2C_Ontario \"Leeds County, Ontario\") and [Grenville](/wiki/Grenville_County%2C_Ontario \"Grenville County, Ontario\") counties. He was also the first sheriff in the [Johnstown District](/wiki/Johnstown_District%2C_Upper_Canada \"Johnstown District, Upper Canada\"). He represented [Dundas](/wiki/Dundas_County%2C_Ontario \"Dundas County, Ontario\") in the [2nd Parliament of Upper Canada](/wiki/2nd_Parliament_of_Upper_Canada \"2nd Parliament of Upper Canada\") and [Glengarry](/wiki/Glengarry_County%2C_Ontario \"Glengarry County, Ontario\") in the [5th Parliament](/wiki/5th_Parliament_of_Upper_Canada \"5th Parliament of Upper Canada\").\n\nDuring the [War of 1812](/wiki/War_of_1812 \"War of 1812\"), he commanded the [Dundas County Militia](/wiki/Dundas_County_Militia \"Dundas County Militia\"), and was in command of all Canadian Militia at the [Battle of Ogdensburg](/wiki/Battle_of_Ogdensburg \"Battle of Ogdensburg\"). After the war, he moved to [Matilda Township](/wiki/Matilda_Township%2C_Ontario \"Matilda Township, Ontario\") in Dundas County. He was appointed to the [Legislative Council](/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Upper_Canada \"Legislative Council of Upper Canada\") for the province in 1815\\. He died in Matilda Township in 1821\\.\n\n",
"External references\n-------------------\n\n* [Biography at the *Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online*](http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=2876)\n* [Glengarry's Representatives in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada](http://www.umanitoba.ca/colleges/st_pauls/ccha/Back%20Issues/CCHA1938-39/Scott.html)\n\n[Category:1749 births](/wiki/Category:1749_births \"1749 births\")\n[Category:1821 deaths](/wiki/Category:1821_deaths \"1821 deaths\")\n[Category:Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_Upper_Canada \"Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada\")\n[Category:Members of the Legislative Council of Upper Canada](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Legislative_Council_of_Upper_Canada \"Members of the Legislative Council of Upper Canada\")\n[Category:United Empire Loyalists](/wiki/Category:United_Empire_Loyalists \"United Empire Loyalists\")\n[Category:People from Leeds and Grenville United Counties](/wiki/Category:People_from_Leeds_and_Grenville_United_Counties \"People from Leeds and Grenville United Counties\")\n[Category:Politicians from Inverness](/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Inverness \"Politicians from Inverness\")\n[Category:Scottish emigrants to pre\\-Confederation Ontario](/wiki/Category:Scottish_emigrants_to_pre-Confederation_Ontario \"Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario\")\n[Category:Immigrants to the Province of Quebec (1763–1791\\)](/wiki/Category:Immigrants_to_the_Province_of_Quebec_%281763%E2%80%931791%29 \"Immigrants to the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Alexandria expedition of 1807
|
{
"id": [
48405705
],
"name": [
"Perast"
]
}
|
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{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Background",
"Occupation of Alexandria",
"Manoeuvring against Muhammad Ali",
"Battle of Rosetta",
"Battle of Al Hammad",
"Siege of Alexandria",
"Departure from Alexandria",
"Expedition Order of Battle",
"See also",
"Notes",
"References",
"Citations",
"Sources"
],
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"content": [
"\n\n",
"Background\n----------\n\nThe expedition began in mid\\-February 1807 when a force of British troops, deployed in [Calabria](/wiki/Calabria \"Calabria\") and [Sicily](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily \"Kingdom of Sicily\"), were ordered by General Fox in [Messina](/wiki/Messina \"Messina\")Yeo, p. 684\\. to embark on transports. The mission was rumoured to be destined for [Constantinople](/wiki/Istanbul \"Istanbul\"). Meanwhile, [John Thomas Duckworth](/wiki/Sir_John_Duckworth%2C_1st_Baronet \"Sir John Duckworth, 1st Baronet\"), appointed second in command of the [Mediterranean Fleet](/wiki/Mediterranean_Fleet \"Mediterranean Fleet\"), sailed for Constantinople. However, he failed to provide effective support for [Dmitry Senyavin](/wiki/Dmitry_Senyavin \"Dmitry Senyavin\")'s [Imperial Russian Navy](/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Navy \"Imperial Russian Navy\") during the [Dardanelles Operation](/wiki/Dardanelles_operation \"Dardanelles operation\"). After departing from Constantinople, Duckworth, as an [Admiral of the White Squadron](/wiki/Admiral_%28Royal_Navy%29 \"Admiral (Royal Navy)\"),Lysons, pp. 108–122\\. was to rendezvous with the transports in [Aboukir Bay](/wiki/Abu_Qir_Bay \"Abu Qir Bay\"). By 17 March, the fleet of transports, with nearly 6,000 British troops embarked, approached Alexandria under the command of General [Alexander Mackenzie\\-Fraser](/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_Fraser \"Alexander Mackenzie Fraser\").Scott, p. 141\\.\n\n",
"Occupation of Alexandria\n------------------------\n\n[thumb\\|View of [Pompey's Pillar](/wiki/Pompey%27s_Pillar_%28column%29 \"Pompey's Pillar (column)\") with Alexandria in the background in c. 1850](/wiki/File:View_of_Pompey%27s_Pillar_with_Alexandria_in_the_background_in_c.1850.jpg \"View of Pompey's Pillar with Alexandria in the background in c.1850.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|Front view of Qaitbay Citadel](/wiki/File:Qaitbay_0005.JPG \"Qaitbay 0005.JPG\")\n\nThe appearance of the British transports off Alexandria was unexpected. On 20 March, captured two Ottoman [frigates](/wiki/Frigate \"Frigate\"), *Uri Bahar* (40 guns) and *Uri Nasard* (34 guns), and the corvette [*Fara Numa*](/wiki/Ottoman_corvette_Ferahn%C3%BCma \"Ottoman corvette Ferahnüma\") (16 guns).*The Literary Panorama*, p. 609\\. , along with 19 other transports, had separated from the main force on 7 March and did not participate in the initial landings.\n\nAt this time, the city garrison consisted of Albanian troops, with the French Consul\\-General, [Bernardino Drovetti](/wiki/Bernardino_Drovetti \"Bernardino Drovetti\"), attempting to force them to repel the British landing west of the city. Despite the rough waves, nearly 700 troops with five field guns, along with 56 seamen commanded by Lieutenant James Boxer, were able to disembark without opposition near the ravine running from Lake Mareotis to the sea.James, p. 313\\. These troops breached the palisaded entrenchments at eight on 18 March. Fortunately for the British, they did not encounter serious resistance because the lines stretching from Fort des Baines to Lake Mareotis included eight guns in three batteries and 13 guns in the fort on the right flank. British casualties were light; however, the Pompey Gate (also known as *Pompey's Pillar*), was [barricaded](/wiki/Barricade \"Barricade\") and defended by about 1,000 Ottoman troops and armed volunteers, forcing the British troops to set up camp to the south. Two detachments were sent to occupy [Aboukir Castle](/wiki/Abu_Qir \"Abu Qir\") and the \"Cut\", [Qaitbay Citadel](/wiki/Citadel_of_Qaitbay \"Citadel of Qaitbay\"), a castle in Alexandria between Lakes Maadia and Mareotis. The detachment's mission was to prevent Ottoman reinforcements from reaching the city. The next day, 20th of March, the rest of the transports appeared off Alexandria, and an Arab messenger was sent with an offer of capitulation that was accepted by the city authorities. Sir John Thomas Duckworth appeared on 22 March, off Alexandria in his flagship , George Thom with a part of his squadron, further bolstering the confidence of the British troops.\n\nUpon the occupation of the city, Fraser and his staff first heard of the death of Muhammad Bey al\\-Alfi, upon whose cooperation they had founded their hopes of further success. Messengers were immediately dispatched to his successor and other local [Beys](/wiki/Bey \"Bey\"), inviting them to Alexandria. The British [Resident](/wiki/Resident_minister \"Resident minister\"), Major Missett, with support from Duckworth, was able to convince General Mackenzie\\-Fraser of the importance of occupying Rosetta (Rashid) and [Rahmanieh](/wiki/El_Rahmaniya \"El Rahmaniya\") to secure supplies for Alexandria because they controlled the canal by which supplies were brought to the city via the Nile.Bell \\& Balbis, p. 308\\.\n\n",
"Manoeuvring against Muhammad Ali\n--------------------------------\n\nMuhammad Ali, meanwhile, was conducting an expedition against the Beys in [Upper Egypt](/wiki/Upper_Egypt \"Upper Egypt\") (he later defeated them near [Assiut](/wiki/Asyut \"Asyut\")) when he heard of the arrival of the British. In great alarm, lest the Beys should join them, especially as they were far north of his position, he immediately sent messengers to his rivals. Ali promised to comply with all the Beys' demands if they should join his campaign against the British; this proposal being agreed to, both armies marched towards Cairo on opposite sides of the river.\n\n",
"Battle of Rosetta\n-----------------\n\n[thumb\\|Alexander Mackenzie Fraser](/wiki/File:Alexander_Mackenzie_Fraser.jpg \"Alexander Mackenzie Fraser.jpg\")\n\nOn 21 March 1807, the local Ottoman force in Rashid, led by its governor Ali Bey Al\\-Selaniki, confronted the advancing British troops led by General Fraser, two years after Muhammad Ali assumed power in Egypt. The British had arrived in Egypt during the struggles between the governor Muhammad Ali and the Mamluks. The British signed a treaty with Muhammad Bey Al\\-Alfy, the leader of the Mamluks, to ensure his support of the British campaign in exchange for a British guarantee that the Mamluks would establish control over Egypt if the British expedition were successful. However, Al\\-Alfy died before this expedition reached Egypt.\n\nThe plan was for the Mamluks to march to Cairo to occupy it. At the same time, the British would capture several strategically important Egyptian ports, and then march to the Delta and occupy Cairo, provided that the Mamluks assisted their forces in Egypt, especially the Millennium Front. General Fraser was in Alexandria, had received a report from the British Consul in Rashid on the state of Egypt and its forces, which made him march overland to Rashid to occupy it and establish a military base for his forces, and assigned the commander 'and is serving' this military mission.\n\nFive hundred troops of the [31st Foot](/wiki/31st_%28Huntingdonshire%29_Regiment_of_Foot \"31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot\") and the [Chasseurs Britanniques](/wiki/Chasseurs_Britanniques \"Chasseurs Britanniques\") were detached, accompanied by a section of [Royal Artillery](/wiki/Royal_Artillery \"Royal Artillery\"), under Major\\-General Patrick Wauchopeof Edmonston and Brigadier\\-General the Honourable Robert Meade.\n\nWauchope moved in 2,500 soldiers from Alexandria to Rashid. The Governor of Rashid, Ali Bey Al\\-Selaniki, and his 700 soldiers, mustered to oppose the British advance. Sheikh Hassan Crere mobilised the general public to support the Egyptian forces, so he ordered the removal of the Egyptian boats from the front of the Nile, Rashid, to the eastern bank opposite the Green Island and a spindle tower in the Moutoubis county to prevent the people from getting over them and fleeing the city, so that his garrison men do not find a way to retreat, surrender or withdraw, as the Alexandria garrison did before. The garrison among the people became concealed in the homes inside the city of Rashid, as in front of them would only be skirmishing, and ordered them not to move or fire unless after the issuance of an agreed signal, so the British advanced and did not find any Egyptian troops. Hence, they believed that the city would surrender as the garrison of Alexandria did, so they safely entered the city's streets. They took a rest after walking in the sand from Alexandria to Rashid and spread in the city streets and markets to find places to take refuge and rest in. They almost did not rest until the call to the call to prayer issued by the Selaniki order was launched from the minaret of the Sidi Zaghloul mosque, chanting: '[Allah Akbar](/wiki/Takbir \"Takbir\")! (God is great) For jihad!' Residents and Rashid's garrison fire broke out from the windows and rooftops, killing several British officers and soldiers; those who were not killed proceeded to retreat.\n\nThe British losses amounted to 185 dead, 282 wounded, and 120 captured at Rashid's garrison. Muhammad Ali arrived with his forces after the British withdrew to Alexandria. Muhammad Ali Pasha and General Fraser negotiated the withdrawal from Egypt and he left with the remaining British forces. [19 September](/wiki/September_19 \"September 19\"), the date of the battle, became a national holiday in the [Beheira province](/wiki/Beheira_Governorate \"Beheira Governorate\").\n\n",
"Battle of Al Hammad\n-------------------\n\n[thumb\\|Omar Makram](/wiki/File:Omar_makram.jpg \"Omar makram.jpg\")\n\nThe Battle of Al\\-Hammad, one of the battles of the Fraser Campaign, took place on 21 April 1807, between the British forces led by General Fraser and the [Ottoman forces](/wiki/Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire \"Military of the Ottoman Empire\") led by Muhammad Ali Pasha near the village of Al\\-Hammad in the lake. The British were unable to prevent the Ottoman cavalry from outflanking them.\n\nThe Battle of Rashid was a severe defeat for the British expedition. The British casualties numbered 185 dead, 282 wounded, and 120 captives at Rashid's garrison. General Fraser, the campaign's leader, sought to erase the impact of his defeat in that battle. He planned to equip another army that resumed marching towards Rashid and pledged to lead it to General Stuart. Meanwhile, Muhammad Ali Pasha arrived in Cairo, returning from Upper Egypt, and he reached it on the night of 12 April 1807 (3 Safar in 1222 AH). He was briefed on the news received about the defeat of the British in Rashid, so he was somewhat reassured but did not rely on what happened in that battle and saw with insight that the British might resume their march to Rashid given the fact that it was not heavily defended, so he mobilised an army to fight them and prevent them from any progress, and his men completed the fortifying works that began with him before his presence, and he continued working in digging trenches between Bab Al\\-Hadid and Bulaq to establish a defence line from Cairo from the north and cutting grooves in the front of the trenches connected to the Nile to fill with water and obstruct the progress of the British troops, and scuttled several boats between the island of Bulaq and the beach to prevent the passage of British ships in the Nile if they came from Rashid, and the installation of cannons in Shubra and Imbaba and the island of Bulaq, and the scholars and local people participated in work with them.\n\nHe managed to get the money needed for the army's expenses, and [Umar Makram](/wiki/Umar_Makram \"Umar Makram\") and the scholars helped him collect the money so he could manage, so they collected nine hundred bags of gold from the capital's residents, which they allocated for the expenses of advance. The campaign was prepared, and it consisted of 4,000 infantry fighters and 1,500 horsemen, who marched to Rashid, led by Tabuzoglu. As for General Stuart's army, it numbered about four thousand soldiers equipped with artillery, various types of firearms, and ammunition. This army moved from Alexandria on 3 April, advancing against Rashid. When it became close to it, a battalion occupied Al\\-Hammad, which is located south of Rashid between the Nile and Lake Idku. The purpose of its occupation was to encircle Rashid, preventing the city's garrison from being reinforced with supplies from the south and securing local sources of water for the British. The British also captured Akam Abi Mandour, and installed cannons near the village to bombard Rashid. Most of the army was camped west and south of Rashid, and surrounded it (7 April) and bombarded it with artillery.\n\nThe British commanders assumed that a continued bombardment would cause a loss of morale among the city's garrison and compel them to surrender. The British dispatched a messenger to the city, informing them that if the demand of surrender was refused, a naval and land bombardment would commence. The Egyptians' prior victory at the Battle of Rashid had convinced them of the futility of a possible British bombardment, which commenced soon after the messenger's return to the British forces. The garrison occasionally left the city during the bombardment to skirmish with the British troops encamped on land. The bombardment lasted twelve days but could not achieve any results, and the city remained Egyptian.\n\nThe British were waiting for the Mamluks to find them. In the meantime, the villagers approached the British positions in Al\\-Hammad. General Stuart dispatched several soldiers, and the Egyptians also positioned artillery on the eastern shore and began bombarding the British army's positions on the western mainland. Two hundred and fifty British soldiers succeeded in capturing the Egyptian positions and the artillery. The Egyptians were then halted for some time, allowing MacDonald to return to the mainland.\n\nThe fighting and the siege continued until the arrival of the force sent by Muhammad Ali Pasha, led by Tabuzoglu, which substantially changed the war situation. Tabuzoglu's force comprised two divisions: the first was infantry led by Tabuzoglu himself on the eastern mainland of the Nile, and the other was cavalry led by Hassan Pasha on the western mainland. The two divisions were moving along the road of the two beaches when they came close to Rashid. The forces of Hassan Pasha on the western mainland were facing Al\\-Hammad, and the other was encamped in Barnbal on the eastern beach. The soldiers of the two divisions were able to see each other.\n\nOn the morning of 20 April, the Egyptian army's advance guards from the cavalry (Hassan Pasha's division) advanced towards the British positions in Al\\-Hammad. They encountered a battalion among the farms. The battalion attempted to retreat to the village, but their withdrawal was not controlled, and they were surrounded by the Egyptian Cavalry. Some were killed while others were captured. Upon learning of this initial collision, General Stuart sent Colonel Patrick Macleod, along with several soldiers and cannons, to Al\\-Hammad to establish forward positions fortified with artillery. He was entrusted with commanding the force stationed there.\n\nThe location of this village was of great importance, and the axis of the fighting revolved around it because it is situated in the isthmus between the Nile and Lake Idku. To the north, there is a canal that was then dry, reaching from the Nile to near the lake. If the British had strengthened the defence of their position there, they could have blocked the road in front of the Egyptian army, preventing them from passing that isthmus, nor reaching Rashid to provide relief.\n\nThe colonels arranged the positions of their soldiers to defend this isthmus. Their number was eight hundred fighters, with their facilitation based on the Nile under the command of Major Wigsland. Their direction near Lake Idku was led by Captain Tarleton, and the heart in the village of Al\\-Hammad was led by Major Moore. The majority of the British army were stationed around Rashid to besiege it.\n\n20 April passed, and the Egyptian forces did not target the British site in Al\\-Hammad. Colonel Macleod was assured of his position. However, General Stuart inevitably noticed the impact of the defence line in Al\\-Hammad (the night of 21 April) that it was not possible in some of his destinations to pressure the Egyptian army if its numbers increased. He then entrusted Colonel Macleod to defend his positions as much as possible. In the event of the proliferation of Egyptian cavalry forces, he was to return to the original British positions around Rashid.\n\nGeneral Stuart realised that the Egyptian forces, after reaching them, had become more numerous than the British army. He decided to wait until the next day (21 April), and if the Mamluk help did not reach him, he would withdraw from Al\\-Hammad, lift the siege on Rashid, and retreat to Alexandria.\n\nAs for Tabuzoglu, the Egyptian army commander, he was stationed in Barnabal on the eastern mainland, hesitating over which path to take. Would he go straight to the rescue of Rashid to lift the siege on it, or would he first attack the British position in Al\\-Hammad? He was encouraged by the victory that the Cavalry of Hassan Pasha achieved on the western mainland in the first collision, so he intended to follow the latter plan. He crossed the Nile at night with his soldiers, and the boats transported them to the left enemy, where they joined the Hassan Pasha contingent in preparation to attack Al\\-Hammad on the morning of 21 April.\n\nIn the morning, Colonel Macleod observed the Egyptian army forces multiply their number, and the plain was filled with men. He immediately sent General Stuart the news and asked him to decide to withdraw to the British army's positions around Rashid. He sent him a message, approving his plan, and sent it with a platoon of soldiers. However, the messenger did not reach Al\\-Hammad, because the Egyptian army's cavalry descended on the plain and cut off the transportation between Al\\-Hammad and Rashid. Macleod intended to withdraw from his defence line, but he did not finalise his plan, and his forces were dispersed. The Egyptian army cavalry managed to pounce on them one by one, while the Egyptian infantry occupied the village of Al\\-Hammad.\n\nThe Cavalry tracked down the three forces and surrounded them from every direction, killing most of its men, including Colonel Macleod. They also surrounded the right flank, killing its commander Captain Tarleton, and most of its soldiers. Those who survived were taken captive and numbered 50 men.\n\nAs for the British left flank, it resisted a little but was surrounded by cavalrymen from all sides. Its commander, Major Wigsland, appeared to surrender, so he and the rest of the British surrendered, and that was the end of the battle. The battle started at seven in the morning. It lasted three hours, during which the fighting broke out, and it ended with the defeat of the British army stationed in Al\\-Hammad, with their losses reaching about 416 killed and 400 prisoners.\n\nGeneral Stuart was stationed during the battle south of Rashid and with the rest of the British army. When he realised the magnitude of the catastrophe that had befallen his forces in Al\\-Hammad, he quickly lifted the siege on Rashid. He took the initiative to withdraw before the Egyptian army attacked him. He [spiked](/wiki/Touch_hole \"Touch hole\") his cannons that he could not carry and retreated to Abu Qir in disappointment. Despite concealing the withdrawal measures, the people of Rashid and the neighbouring towns harassed him during his withdrawal until he reached Lake Idku. Skirmishes took place on the shore of the lake between him and the Egyptians, which ended in the retreat of the Egyptian skirmishers. Despite this, the British continued to withdraw until they reached Abu Qir. From there, they boarded waiting Royal Navy ships and sailed back to Alexandria.\n\n",
"Siege of Alexandria\n-------------------\n\nThe defeat at Rosetta compelled Mackenzie\\-Fraser to reassess his position. British troops were instructed to reoccupy Alexandria, which was promptly besieged by Egyptian and Mamluk forces from Cairo. Using his feigned goodwill as a pretext, Muhammad Ali then offered the British the liberty to receive supplies from Duckworth's transports, as well as a [grain trade](/wiki/Grain_trade \"Grain trade\") agreement with added assurances of security for any trade routes to India, in exchange for recognition of his independence from the Ottoman Empire. The grain agreement was accepted, and supplies continued to be delivered to the British troops in Alexandria. However, the British government did not formally recognise independence, as it had no intention of seeing the Ottoman Empire dismantled in the face of an expansionist Russia.\n\n",
"Departure from Alexandria\n-------------------------\n\nColonel Dravetti, now advising Muhammad Ali in Cairo, persuaded the ruler to release the British [prisoners of war](/wiki/Prisoner_of_war \"Prisoner of war\") as a gesture of goodwill, sparing them the usual fate of becoming [slaves to their captors](/wiki/Slavery_in_Egypt \"Slavery in Egypt\").Manley \\& Ree, p. 76\\. In September, when no further use could be derived from the occupation of Alexandria, General Mackenzie\\-Fraser was allowed to surrender the city and retreat to [Sicily](/wiki/Sicily \"Sicily\") on the 25th.\n\n",
"Expedition Order of Battle\n--------------------------\n\n**[Royal Navy](/wiki/Royal_Navy \"Royal Navy\")** \n\n[HMS *Royal George*](/wiki/HMS_Royal_George_%281788%29 \"HMS Royal George (1788)\") (100 guns) Vice\\-Admiral Duckworth (flag), Captain Richard Dalling Dunn \n\n[HMS *Canopus*](/wiki/HMS_Canopus_%281798%29 \"HMS Canopus (1798)\") (80 guns) \n\n[HMS *Repulse*](/wiki/HMS_Repulse_%281803%29 \"HMS Repulse (1803)\") (74 guns) \n\n (74 guns) \n\n[HMS *Thunderer*](/wiki/HMS_Thunderer_%281783%29 \"HMS Thunderer (1783)\") (74 guns) \n\n (74 guns) [Captain Benjamin Hallowell](/wiki/Benjamin_Hallowell_Carew \"Benjamin Hallowell Carew\")\\>\n[HMS *Apollo*](/wiki/HMS_Apollo_%281805%29 \"HMS Apollo (1805)\") (38 guns) Captain Fellowes \n\n[HMS *Wizard*](/wiki/HMS_Wizard_%281805%29 \"HMS Wizard (1805)\") brig\\-sloop (16 guns) Captain Palmer \n\n33 transports\n\n**[British Army](/wiki/British_Army \"British Army\")** \n\ndetachment, [Royal Staff Corps](/wiki/Royal_Staff_Corps \"Royal Staff Corps\") \n\ndetachment, [Royal Artillery](/wiki/Royal_Artillery \"Royal Artillery\") \n\ndetachment, [Royal Engineers](/wiki/Royal_Engineers \"Royal Engineers\") Sir John BurgoyneHart, p. 287\\. \n\n3rd Squadron, [20th Light Dragoons](/wiki/20th_Light_Dragoons \"20th Light Dragoons\") \n\n[31st Regiment of Foot](/wiki/31st_%28Huntingdonshire%29_Regiment_of_Foot \"31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot\") \n\n1st Battalion, [35th Regiment of Foot](/wiki/35th_%28Royal_Sussex%29_Regiment_of_Foot \"35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot\") \n\n2nd Battalion, [35th Regiment of Foot](/wiki/35th_%28Royal_Sussex%29_Regiment_of_Foot \"35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot\") \n\n2nd Battalion, [78th Regiment of Foot](/wiki/78th_%28Highlanders%29_Regiment_of_Foot \"78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot\") \n\n[Roll's Regiment](/wiki/Roll%27s_Regiment \"Roll's Regiment\") \n\n[Chasseurs Britanniques](/wiki/Chasseurs_Britanniques \"Chasseurs Britanniques\") \n\n[Sicilian Regiment](/wiki/Sicilian_Regiment \"Sicilian Regiment\") \n\nAdjutant General's Department \n\nCommissariat \n\nHospital Staff \n\nPay Master General's Department \n\nQuarter Master General's Department \n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Muhammad Ali's seizure of power](/wiki/Muhammad_Ali%27s_seizure_of_power \"Muhammad Ali's seizure of power\")\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n### Citations\n\n### Sources\n\n* Alsager Pollock, Arthur William, ed. (1837\\). *The United Service Magazine*, Notes of an Expedition to Alexandria of the year 1807, H. Colburn \\[etc.]\n* Scott, Walter (1827\\). *The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte, Emperor of the French: With a Preliminary View of the French Revolution*, vol.II, Carey, Lea \\& Carey, Philadelphia\n* *The Monthly Magazine; or British Register*, Vol.XXIII, Part I for 1807, July 1, Richard Phillips, London\n* The Literary Panorama, Vol.II, Letter from Major General \\[Mackenzie\\-]Fraser to Viscount Castlereagh, London, Charles Taylor, 1807\n* Manley, Deborah \\& Ree, Peta (2001\\). *Henry Salt: Artist, Traveller, Diplomat, Egyptologist*, Libri Publications Ltd.\n* Hart, H. G. (1848\\). *The New Annual Army Lists for 1848, Ninth annual volume, containing the dates of Commissions, and statement of the war services and wounds of nearly every officer in the Army, Ordnance and Marines*, John Murray, London (includes Militia List, and Imperial Yeomanry List)\n* Russell, William \\& Jones, William (1839\\). *The History of Modern Europe: With a View of the Progress of Society from the Rise of the Modern Kingdoms to the Peace of Paris, in 1763*, Vol.III, Harper \\& brothers, New York\n* Bell, James (1832\\). *A System of Geography, Popular and Scientific: Or A Physical, Political, and Statistical Account of the World and Its Various Divisions*, Vol. III, Archibald Fullarton and Co., Glasgow\n* Hassan, Hassan \\& Fernea, Robert, *In the House of Muhammad Ali: A Family Album, 1805\\-1952*, American University in Cairo Press, 2000\n* Lane, Edward William \\& Thompson, Jason (2000\\). *Description of Egypt: Notes and Views in Egypt and Nubia, Made During the Years 1825, \\-26, \\-27, and \\-28 ...*, American University in Cairo Press\n* James, William. *Naval history of Great Britain*, Vol. IV, [http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/Naval\\_History/Vol\\_IV/Vol\\_IV\\_P\\_313\\.htm](http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/Naval_History/Vol_IV/Vol_IV_P_313.htm)\n* Yeo, Richard R. (1999\\). *The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia*, Routledge.\n\n[Category:Campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars](/wiki/Category:Campaigns_of_the_Napoleonic_Wars \"Campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars\")\n[Category:1807 in Egypt](/wiki/Category:1807_in_Egypt \"1807 in Egypt\")\n[Category:Egypt–United Kingdom relations](/wiki/Category:Egypt%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations \"Egypt–United Kingdom relations\")\n[Category:Military expeditions](/wiki/Category:Military_expeditions \"Military expeditions\")\n[Category:Expeditions from the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Expeditions_from_the_United_Kingdom \"Expeditions from the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Naval battles involving Ottoman Egypt](/wiki/Category:Naval_battles_involving_Ottoman_Egypt \"Naval battles involving Ottoman Egypt\")\n[Category:19th\\-century military history of the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:19th-century_military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom \"19th-century military history of the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Wars of Muhammad Ali of Egypt](/wiki/Category:Wars_of_Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt \"Wars of Muhammad Ali of Egypt\")\n\n",
"### Citations\n\n",
"### Sources\n\n* Alsager Pollock, Arthur William, ed. (1837\\). *The United Service Magazine*, Notes of an Expedition to Alexandria of the year 1807, H. Colburn \\[etc.]\n* Scott, Walter (1827\\). *The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte, Emperor of the French: With a Preliminary View of the French Revolution*, vol.II, Carey, Lea \\& Carey, Philadelphia\n* *The Monthly Magazine; or British Register*, Vol.XXIII, Part I for 1807, July 1, Richard Phillips, London\n* The Literary Panorama, Vol.II, Letter from Major General \\[Mackenzie\\-]Fraser to Viscount Castlereagh, London, Charles Taylor, 1807\n* Manley, Deborah \\& Ree, Peta (2001\\). *Henry Salt: Artist, Traveller, Diplomat, Egyptologist*, Libri Publications Ltd.\n* Hart, H. G. (1848\\). *The New Annual Army Lists for 1848, Ninth annual volume, containing the dates of Commissions, and statement of the war services and wounds of nearly every officer in the Army, Ordnance and Marines*, John Murray, London (includes Militia List, and Imperial Yeomanry List)\n* Russell, William \\& Jones, William (1839\\). *The History of Modern Europe: With a View of the Progress of Society from the Rise of the Modern Kingdoms to the Peace of Paris, in 1763*, Vol.III, Harper \\& brothers, New York\n* Bell, James (1832\\). *A System of Geography, Popular and Scientific: Or A Physical, Political, and Statistical Account of the World and Its Various Divisions*, Vol. III, Archibald Fullarton and Co., Glasgow\n* Hassan, Hassan \\& Fernea, Robert, *In the House of Muhammad Ali: A Family Album, 1805\\-1952*, American University in Cairo Press, 2000\n* Lane, Edward William \\& Thompson, Jason (2000\\). *Description of Egypt: Notes and Views in Egypt and Nubia, Made During the Years 1825, \\-26, \\-27, and \\-28 ...*, American University in Cairo Press\n* James, William. *Naval history of Great Britain*, Vol. IV, [http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/Naval\\_History/Vol\\_IV/Vol\\_IV\\_P\\_313\\.htm](http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/Naval_History/Vol_IV/Vol_IV_P_313.htm)\n* Yeo, Richard R. (1999\\). *The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia*, Routledge.\n\n[Category:Campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars](/wiki/Category:Campaigns_of_the_Napoleonic_Wars \"Campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars\")\n[Category:1807 in Egypt](/wiki/Category:1807_in_Egypt \"1807 in Egypt\")\n[Category:Egypt–United Kingdom relations](/wiki/Category:Egypt%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations \"Egypt–United Kingdom relations\")\n[Category:Military expeditions](/wiki/Category:Military_expeditions \"Military expeditions\")\n[Category:Expeditions from the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Expeditions_from_the_United_Kingdom \"Expeditions from the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Naval battles involving Ottoman Egypt](/wiki/Category:Naval_battles_involving_Ottoman_Egypt \"Naval battles involving Ottoman Egypt\")\n[Category:19th\\-century military history of the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:19th-century_military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom \"19th-century military history of the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Wars of Muhammad Ali of Egypt](/wiki/Category:Wars_of_Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt \"Wars of Muhammad Ali of Egypt\")\n\n"
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d65tmgp5b6pd0cdh0c4qhaqdycfsgv5
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2024-02-07T00:24:02Z
| 1,204,362,136 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Legal",
"Art and media",
"Other uses"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Harmlessness** is the absence of [harm](/wiki/Harm \"Harm\").\n\nHarmlessness or **harmless** may also refer to:\n\n",
"Legal\n-----\n\n* [Hold harmless](/wiki/Hold_harmless \"Hold harmless\"), legal term in the contract law concept of indemnity\n* [Harmless error](/wiki/Harmless_error \"Harmless error\"), a mistaken ruling by a trial judge that does not meet the burden to reverse the original decision\n",
"Art and media\n-------------\n\n* *[Harmlessness](/wiki/Harmlessness \"Harmlessness\")*, 2015 album by The World Is a Beautiful Place \\& I Am No Longer Afraid to Die\n* \"Harmlessness\", song by Shona Laing on the 1994 album *[Shona](/wiki/Shona_%28album%29 \"Shona (album)\")*\n* *[Mostly Harmless](/wiki/Mostly_Harmless \"Mostly Harmless\")*, the fifth book in *The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy*\n",
"Other uses\n----------\n\n* [Ahimsa](/wiki/Ahimsa \"Ahimsa\"), meaning \"not to injure\" and \"compassion\" and refers to a key virtue in Indian religions\n* [Harmless serotine](/wiki/Harmless_serotine \"Harmless serotine\"), species of vesper bat\n* [Harmless (sublabel)](/wiki/Harmless_%28sublabel%29 \"Harmless (sublabel)\"), label of the Demon Music Group\n\n"
]
}
|
Tushinskaya (Moscow Metro)
|
{
"id": [
46058995
],
"name": [
"The Sharpest Lives"
]
}
|
p10yrtyls5rfl4ig6hjmudmyq9h3c8a
|
2024-07-31T03:07:51Z
| 1,090,160,048 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Tushinskaya** () is a station on the [Tagansko\\-Krasnopresnenskaya Line](/wiki/Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya_Line \"Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line\") of the [Moscow Metro](/wiki/Moscow_Metro \"Moscow Metro\"). It was designed by I.G. Petukhova and V.P. Kachurinets and opened on 30 December 1975\\. The station was built to a modified standard design, with grey\\-blue [marble](/wiki/Marble \"Marble\") [pillars](/wiki/Column \"Column\") and white marble walls with inlaid zigzag [friezes](/wiki/Frieze \"Frieze\"). Tushinskaya is one of the Metro's busiest stations, serving about 111,000 passengers per day according to a 1999 study.\n\nTushinskaya is located adjacent to [Tushinskaya railway station](/wiki/Tushinskaya_railway_station \"Tushinskaya railway station\") on the [Rizhsky suburban railway line](/wiki/Rizhsky_suburban_railway_line%2C_Moscow \"Rizhsky suburban railway line, Moscow\") and [Line D2](/wiki/Line_D2_%28Moscow_Central_Diameters%29 \"Line D2 (Moscow Central Diameters)\") of Moscow Central Diameters.\n[thumb\\|none\\|Platform view](/wiki/File:Tushinskaya_rightwall.jpg \"Tushinskaya rightwall.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|thumbtime\\=4\\|none\\|Arrival of the train 81\\-765/767/767 «Moscow» and departure of the train Ezh3/Em508T at the metro station Tushinskaya](/wiki/File:0tushino.ogv \"0tushino.ogv\")\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [metro.ru](http://www.metro.ru/stations/tagansko-krasnopresnenskaya/tushinskaya/)\n* [mymetro.ru](http://www.mymetro.ru/cgi-bin/list.pl?lng=ru&a=1&b=7&c=03)\n* [KartaMetro.info](http://www.kartametro.info/?hl=EN&ms=Tushinskaya&z=17&t=k) – Station location and exits on Moscow map (English/Russian)\n\n[Category:Moscow Metro stations](/wiki/Category:Moscow_Metro_stations \"Moscow Metro stations\")\n[Category:Railway stations in Russia opened in 1975](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Russia_opened_in_1975 \"Railway stations in Russia opened in 1975\")\n[Category:Tagansko\\-Krasnopresnenskaya Line](/wiki/Category:Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya_Line \"Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line\")\n[Category:Railway stations located underground in Russia](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_located_underground_in_Russia \"Railway stations located underground in Russia\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Social Democratic Front (Ghana)
|
{
"id": [
1901452
],
"name": [
"Natsubee"
]
}
|
ao7bxac59zjb7rj3d6ptxsiqynmh6m9
|
2021-12-19T19:59:29Z
| 1,011,758,606 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Social Democratic Front (SDF)** was a [political party](/wiki/Political_party \"Political party\") in [Ghana](/wiki/Ghana \"Ghana\") during the Third Republic (1979–81\\).\n\nIn the [1979 Ghanaian general election](/wiki/1979_Ghanaian_general_election \"1979 Ghanaian general election\") held on 18 June 1979, SDF presidential candidate [Ibrahim Mahama](/wiki/Ibrahim_Mahama_%28politician%29 \"Ibrahim Mahama (politician)\") won 3\\.7% of the vote and the party won three of 140 seats in the [National Assembly](/wiki/National_Assembly_%28Ghana%29 \"National Assembly (Ghana)\").\n\n[Category:1979 establishments in Ghana](/wiki/Category:1979_establishments_in_Ghana \"1979 establishments in Ghana\")\n[Category:Defunct political parties in Ghana](/wiki/Category:Defunct_political_parties_in_Ghana \"Defunct political parties in Ghana\")\n[Category:Political parties established in 1979](/wiki/Category:Political_parties_established_in_1979 \"Political parties established in 1979\")\n[Category:Political parties with year of disestablishment missing](/wiki/Category:Political_parties_with_year_of_disestablishment_missing \"Political parties with year of disestablishment missing\")\n[Category:Social democratic parties in Ghana](/wiki/Category:Social_democratic_parties_in_Ghana \"Social democratic parties in Ghana\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Reflection theorem
|
{
"id": [
11521989
],
"name": [
"Shhhnotsoloud"
]
}
|
sshh832wxzncw3j24xvtaju3he4zf78
|
2021-10-29T15:13:31Z
| 961,793,230 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Leopoldt's Spiegelungssatz",
"Extensions",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nIn [algebraic number theory](/wiki/Algebraic_number_theory \"Algebraic number theory\"), a **reflection theorem** or **Spiegelungssatz** ([German](/wiki/German_language \"German language\") for *reflection theorem* – see *[Spiegel](/wiki/Spiegel_%28disambiguation%29 \"Spiegel (disambiguation)\")* and *[Satz](/wiki/Satz_%28disambiguation%29 \"Satz (disambiguation)\")*) is one of a collection of theorems linking the sizes of different [ideal class groups](/wiki/Ideal_class_group \"Ideal class group\") (or [ray class groups](/wiki/Ray_class_group \"Ray class group\")), or the sizes of different [isotypic components](/wiki/Isotypic_component \"Isotypic component\") of a class group. The original example is due to [Ernst Eduard Kummer](/wiki/Ernst_Kummer \"Ernst Kummer\"), who showed that the class number of the [cyclotomic field](/wiki/Cyclotomic_field \"Cyclotomic field\") \\\\mathbb{Q} \\\\left( \\\\zeta\\_p \\\\right), with *p* a prime number, will be divisible by *p* if the class number of the maximal real subfield \\\\mathbb{Q} \\\\left( \\\\zeta\\_p \\\\right)^{\\+} is. Another example is due to Scholz.A. Scholz, Uber die Beziehung der Klassenzahlen quadratischer Korper zueinander, *J. reine angew. Math.*, **166** (1932\\), 201\\-203\\. A simplified version of his theorem states that if 3 divides the class number of a [real quadratic field](/wiki/Real_quadratic_field \"Real quadratic field\") \\\\mathbb{Q} \\\\left( \\\\sqrt{d} \\\\right), then 3 also divides the class number of the [imaginary quadratic field](/wiki/Imaginary_quadratic_field \"Imaginary quadratic field\") \\\\mathbb{Q} \\\\left( \\\\sqrt{\\-3d} \\\\right).\n\n",
"Leopoldt's Spiegelungssatz\n--------------------------\n\nBoth of the above results are generalized by [Leopoldt](/wiki/Heinrich-Wolfgang_Leopoldt \"Heinrich-Wolfgang Leopoldt\")'s \"Spiegelungssatz\", which relates the [p\\-ranks](/wiki/P-rank \"P-rank\") of different isotypic components of the class group of a number field considered as a [module](/wiki/Galois_module \"Galois module\") over the [Galois group](/wiki/Galois_group \"Galois group\") of a Galois extension.\n\nLet *L*/*K* be a finite Galois extension of number fields, with group *G*, degree prime to *p* and *L* containing the *p*\\-th roots of unity. Let *A* be the *p*\\-Sylow subgroup of the class group of *L*. Let φ run over the irreducible characters of the group ring **Q***p*\\[*G*] and let *A*φ denote the corresponding direct summands of *A*. For any φ let *q* \\= *p*φ(1\\) and let the *G*\\-rank *e*φ be the exponent in the index\n\n \\[ A\\_\\\\phi : A\\_\\\\phi^p ] \\= q^{e\\_\\\\phi} . \nLet ω be the character of *G*\n\n \\\\zeta^g \\= \\\\zeta^{\\\\omega(g)} \\\\text{ for } \\\\zeta \\\\in \\\\mu\\_p . \nThe reflection (*Spiegelung*) φ\\* is defined by\n\n \\\\phi^\\*(g) \\= \\\\omega(g) \\\\phi(g^{\\-1}) . \nLet *E* be the unit group of *K*. We say that ε is \"primary\" if K(\\\\sqrt\\[p]\\\\epsilon)/K is unramified, and let *E*0 denote the group of primary units modulo *E**p*. Let δφ denote the *G*\\-rank of the φ component of *E*0.\n\nThe Spiegelungssatz states that\n\n \\| e\\_{\\\\phi^\\*} \\- e\\_\\\\phi \\| \\\\le \\\\delta\\_\\\\phi . \n",
"Extensions\n----------\n\nExtensions of this Spiegelungssatz were given by Oriat and Oriat\\-Satge, where class groups were no longer associated with characters of the Galois group of *K*/*k*, but rather by ideals in a [group ring](/wiki/Group_ring \"Group ring\") over the Galois group of *K*/*k*. Leopoldt's Spiegelungssatz was generalized in a different direction by Kuroda, who extended it to a statement about [ray class groups](/wiki/Ray_class_group \"Ray class group\"). This was further developed into the very general \"*T*\\-*S* reflection theorem\" of [Georges Gras](/wiki/Georges_Gras \"Georges Gras\").Georges Gras, *Class Field Theory: From Theory to Practice*, Springer\\-Verlag, Berlin, 2004, pp. 157–158\\. [Kenkichi Iwasawa](/wiki/Kenkichi_Iwasawa \"Kenkichi Iwasawa\") also provided an [Iwasawa\\-theoretic](/wiki/Iwasawa_theory \"Iwasawa theory\") reflection theorem.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Theorems in algebraic number theory](/wiki/Category:Theorems_in_algebraic_number_theory \"Theorems in algebraic number theory\")\n\n"
]
}
|
King Range
|
{
"id": [
299039
],
"name": [
"Anomalocaris"
]
}
|
rxfg3vyshwia80z0v7tbtc4rls3p8ha
|
2016-02-25T16:24:17Z
| 706,842,801 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"King Range"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**King Range** may refer to:\n* [King Range (Antarctica)](/wiki/King_Range_%28Antarctica%29 \"King Range (Antarctica)\"), a mountain range in Victoria Land, Antarctica\n* [King Range (California)](/wiki/King_Range_%28California%29 \"King Range (California)\"), a mountain range in Humboldt County, California, part of the California Coast Ranges\n\n"
]
}
|
Guamá
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
97b3fr5qr9x54qysvpz2jztnthjwn15
|
2023-10-10T00:20:32Z
| 1,179,416,115 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"See also",
"References",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Guamá** (died on june 6 1533\\) was a [Taíno](/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_people \"Taíno people\") rebel chief who led a rebellion against Spanish rule in [Cuba](/wiki/Cuba \"Cuba\") in the 1530s. Legend states that Guamá was first warned about the Spanish [conquistador](/wiki/Conquistadors \"Conquistadors\") by [Hatuey](/wiki/Hatuey \"Hatuey\"), a Taíno [cacique](/wiki/Cacique \"Cacique\") from the island of Hispaniola.[\"Indians in Cuba,\" Cultural Survival](http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/cuba/indians-cuba)\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nAfter the death of Spanish governor Diego de Velázquez (circa 1460\\-1524\\), Guamá led a series of bloody indigenous uprisings against the Spanish that lasted for roughly 10 years.[The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia on infoplease](http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0850600.html) By 1530 Guamá had about fifty warriors and continued to recruit more pacified *yndios*. The rebellion mainly occurred in the extensive forests of the area of Çagua, near [Baracoa](/wiki/Baracoa \"Baracoa\") in the easternmost area of Cuba, but also farther south and west in the [Sierra Maestra](/wiki/Sierra_Maestra \"Sierra Maestra\").\n\nArchaeologists and forensic pathologists believe that a body found in the Cuban mountains in February 2003 is indeed that of the legendary rebel chief Guamá.[\"El Cacique Guamá,\" Consejo Unitario de Trabajadores Cubanos (Council of Cuban Workers)](http://webcutc.org/documentos/notinoticias14.htm) \n\nAccording to the testimony of a captive Indian taken by the Spanish during the rebellion, Guamá was murdered by his brother Oliguama, who buried an axe in his forehead while he slept, in 1533\\. According to oral tradition Oliguama, also spelled Holguoma, killed Guamá because of a sexual relationship between Guamá and Oliguama's wife.[\"El Cacique Guamá,\" Consejo Unitario de Trabajadores Cubanos](http://webcutc.org/documentos/notinoticias14.htm) \n\nThe death of Guamá and the capture and execution of his warrior wife Casiguaya, plus the killing or dispersal of most of the group by a *cuadrilla*, a war party of Spanish, Indians and Blacks under the orders of Spanish governor Manuel de Rojas, ended major resistance to the Spanish by 1533\\. Brizuela of Baitiquirí (Zayas, 1914\\) fought on until about 1540, when he was captured and imprisoned.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of Taínos](/wiki/List_of_Ta%C3%ADnos \"List of Taínos\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n* Duarte Oropesa, José 1989 *Historiología Cubana*. Ediciones Universal Miami Vol 1\\. , All volumes \n* Maso, Calixto C. 1998 *Historia De Cuba*. Ediciones Universal. 3rd Edition Miami \n* Rousset, Ricardo V. 1918\\. *Historial de Cuba*. Libreria Cervantes, Havana, Vol. 3 pp. 137–153\\.\n* Zayas y Alfonso, Alfredo 1914\\. *Lexografía Antillana* El Siglo XX Press, Havana\n\n[Category:Cuban people of Taíno descent](/wiki/Category:Cuban_people_of_Ta%C3%ADno_descent \"Cuban people of Taíno descent\")\n[Category:Taíno leaders](/wiki/Category:Ta%C3%ADno_leaders \"Taíno leaders\")\n[Category:1532 deaths](/wiki/Category:1532_deaths \"1532 deaths\")\n[Category:Cuban rebels](/wiki/Category:Cuban_rebels \"Cuban rebels\")\n[Category:Year of birth unknown](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown \"Year of birth unknown\")\n[Category:Tribal chiefs of the Caribbean](/wiki/Category:Tribal_chiefs_of_the_Caribbean \"Tribal chiefs of the Caribbean\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Muricy Ramalho
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"5.151.132.234"
]
}
|
4916mto3m7lz1m6gxrjd6zm55moxv4g
|
2024-10-20T10:10:53Z
| 1,252,209,992 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Playing career",
"Head coaching career",
"\"Expressinho\"",
"2006–2009",
"2009",
"2010",
"2011",
"2013",
"Return to São Paulo",
"Flamengo",
"Controversies",
"Managerial statistics",
"Footballer honours",
"Head coaching honours",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Muricy Ramalho** (born 30 November 1955\\) is a Brazilian former [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") [coach](/wiki/Coach_%28sport%29 \"Coach (sport)\") and [player](/wiki/Football_player \"Football player\") who is the current [sporting director](/wiki/Sporting_director \"Sporting director\") of [São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC \"São Paulo FC\").\n\nDuring his playing career, he was as an [attacking midfielder](/wiki/Midfielder%23Attacking_midfielder \"Midfielder#Attacking midfielder\"). His most recent position was as manager of [Flamengo](/wiki/Clube_de_Regatas_do_Flamengo \"Clube de Regatas do Flamengo\"), until health issues forced him to step down in 2017\\. Between 2006 and 2008, Ramalho led [São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC \"São Paulo FC\") to three consecutive national championships. In 2010, he also led [Fluminense](/wiki/Fluminense_FC \"Fluminense FC\") to the title. On July 23, 2010, it was reported that he had been offered the post of the coach of the [Brazil national team](/wiki/Brazil_national_football_team \"Brazil national football team\"), to replace the sacked [Dunga](/wiki/Dunga \"Dunga\"). His team at the time, however, [Fluminense](/wiki/Fluminense_Football_Club \"Fluminense Football Club\"), refused to release him for the job.\n\nRamalho is also known by his [*paulistano*](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_%28city%29 \"São Paulo (city)\") accent, usually speaking expressions from this dialect.\n\n",
"Playing career\n--------------\n\nDuring his playing career in the 1970s, Ramalho was a [midfielder](/wiki/Midfielder \"Midfielder\") with [São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC \"São Paulo FC\"). Between 1973 and 1978, he played 177 games for the club, scoring 26 goals. Later in his career, he played in Mexico, being almost unknown in Brazil during that time. He was not called up for the [1978 World Cup](/wiki/1978_FIFA_World_Cup \"1978 FIFA World Cup\") due to a knee injury. After retiring, he started his career as a head coach.\n\n",
"Head coaching career\n--------------------\n\nRamalho started his head coaching career as the head coach of Mexican club [Puebla](/wiki/Puebla_F.C. \"Puebla F.C.\"). He managed several clubs, including São Paulo, his former club as a player, and [Internacional](/wiki/Sport_Club_Internacional \"Sport Club Internacional\"). \n\n### \"Expressinho\"\n\nRamalho was the São Paulo [youth squad](/wiki/Youth_system \"Youth system\") head coach between 1994 and 1996\\. He was the manager of the São Paulo team that won the [Copa CONMEBOL](/wiki/Copa_CONMEBOL \"Copa CONMEBOL\") in 1994\\. That team was formed from reserve and youth players, receiving the nickname \"*Expressinho*\". Despite the technical limitations of the team, São Paulo won the cup, defeating [Peñarol](/wiki/Pe%C3%B1arol \"Peñarol\") of Uruguay in the final. Players such as [Denílson](/wiki/Den%C3%ADlson_de_Oliveira_Ara%C3%BAjo \"Denílson de Oliveira Araújo\") and [Rogério Ceni](/wiki/Rog%C3%A9rio_Ceni \"Rogério Ceni\") were discovered by Ramalho during the competition.\n\n### 2006–2009\n\nAfter working for Internacional, including taking them to runners\\-up in the [Campeonato Brasileiro de 2005](/wiki/2005_Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"2005 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\"), on January 3, 2006, ten years later he came back to manage São Paulo, signing a one\\-year contract. He was the head coach of São Paulo for three years, winning the [Série A](/wiki/Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\") three times in a row. His methods and the playing style of his team did not win universal admiration, however. After a poor start in the league and being eliminated from the Libertadores Cup in 2009 to [Cruzeiro](/wiki/Cruzeiro_Esporte_Clube \"Cruzeiro Esporte Clube\"), his fourth consecutive elimination from the tournament, the board fired him.\n\n### 2009\n\nAfter almost a month of negotiations, Ramalho stated his desire to direct the team of [Palmeiras](/wiki/Sociedade_Esportiva_Palmeiras \"Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras\"), signing a contract on July 22, 2009\\.\n\n### 2010\n\nAfter six months as Palmeiras' head coach, Ramalho was fired on February 18, 2010, after a 1–4 defeat against [São Caetano](/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Desportiva_S%C3%A3o_Caetano \"Associação Desportiva São Caetano\"). On April 25, he was announced as the new head coach of [Fluminense](/wiki/Fluminense_FC \"Fluminense FC\"), his second time working in [Rio de Janeiro](/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro \"Rio de Janeiro\"). On July 23, he was appointed as head coach of the [Brazil national team](/wiki/Brazil_national_football_team \"Brazil national football team\"), but was not released by the Rio de Janeiro\\-based team, prompting the [Brazil Football Confederation](/wiki/Brazil_Football_Confederation \"Brazil Football Confederation\") to choose [Mano Menezes](/wiki/Mano_Menezes \"Mano Menezes\") instead.\n\nBy the end of the season, Ramalho has led Fluminense to its third national championship, after 1970 and 1984\\.\n\n### 2011\n\nOn April 6, 2011, it was announced that Ramalho would take charge of [Santos](/wiki/Santos_FC \"Santos FC\") until the end of the [2011 season](/wiki/2011_Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\"). He led Santos to the [2011 Campeonato Paulista](/wiki/2011_Campeonato_Paulista \"2011 Campeonato Paulista\") title and later to the [Copa Libertadores](/wiki/Copa_Libertadores \"Copa Libertadores\") title. Ramalho renewed his contract until December 2013\\.\n\n### 2013\n\nAfter losing the [State Championship](/wiki/2013_Campeonato_Paulista \"2013 Campeonato Paulista\"), and after having star player [Neymar](/wiki/Neymar \"Neymar\") sold to Barcelona, Ramalho, on 31 May, was dismissed by club. The intention of Santos was to start a reformulation. Ramalho signed in April 2011, and, since then, he won two [State Championships](/wiki/Campeonato_Paulista \"Campeonato Paulista\"), one [Recopa Sudamericana](/wiki/2012_Recopa_Sudamericana \"2012 Recopa Sudamericana\"), and the most important, [2011 Copa Libertadores](/wiki/2011_Copa_Libertadores \"2011 Copa Libertadores\"), when Santos beat Uruguayan side Peñarol in the final.[*Santos anuncia demissão do técnico Muricy Ramalho*](http://www.lancenet.com.br/santos/Santos-anuncia-demissao-Muricy-Ramalho_0_929307127.html) \n\n### Return to São Paulo\n\nOn September 9, 2013, after losing to [Coritiba](/wiki/Coritiba_Foot_Ball_Club \"Coritiba Foot Ball Club\") 2–0, game that kept São Paulo in relegation zone of [Série A](/wiki/2013_Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"2013 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\"), the directors of the club sacked [Paulo Autuori](/wiki/Paulo_Autuori \"Paulo Autuori\"), signing Ramalho as his replacement. In São Paulo's official website, a report praised Autuori's work and welcomed the arrival of Ramalho, who had previously won three Brazilian leagues titles with the club. He was presented on September 10, 2013, praised by João Paulo de Jesus Lopes, vice\\-president of the club. Ramalho stated, \"We are on a phase that we cannot stay talking to players. We must have to get the victories. Each one has his own way to work. Let's keep our problems outside.\" Ramalho's first game in charge was a 1–0 victory over [Ponte Preta](/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Atl%C3%A9tica_Ponte_Preta \"Associação Atlética Ponte Preta\"). During the match, São Paulo fans at the [Morumbi Stadium](/wiki/Morumbi_Stadium \"Morumbi Stadium\") shouted \"*É, Muricy*\" (\"Yeah, Muricy\") in satisfaction of Ramalho's return.\n\nOn November 2, 2013, in an interview with Brazilian newspaper *[O Estado de S. Paulo](/wiki/O_Estado_de_S._Paulo \"O Estado de S. Paulo\")*, Ramalho affirmed the following words:\n\nOn December 7, 2013, Ramalho, after a very successful first year ahead of the club, renewed his contract with São Paulo for two more seasons. Upon signing, he stated, \"I am happy to stay, because here is my home and the affection the supporters show for me motivates me even further. I am very happy for we have had an excellent year.\"[Muricy Ramalho renova com São Paulo por mais dois anos](http://esportes.terra.com.br/sao-paulo/muricy-ramalho-renova-com-sao-paulo-por-mais-dois-anos,9cb973c590ac2410VgnCLD2000000ec6eb0aRCRD.html) \n\nOn April 6, 2015, Ramalho stepped down as coach of São Paulo due to illness; he had been hospitalized in January with a digestive disease.\n\n### Flamengo\n\nRamalho was appointed head coach of [Flamengo](/wiki/Clube_de_Regatas_Flamengo \"Clube de Regatas Flamengo\") in early 2016, but was forced to resign due to poor health in May of that year. He was replaced by Flamengo U\\-20 coach [Zé Ricardo](/wiki/Z%C3%A9_Ricardo \"Zé Ricardo\").\n\n",
"### \"Expressinho\"\n\nRamalho was the São Paulo [youth squad](/wiki/Youth_system \"Youth system\") head coach between 1994 and 1996\\. He was the manager of the São Paulo team that won the [Copa CONMEBOL](/wiki/Copa_CONMEBOL \"Copa CONMEBOL\") in 1994\\. That team was formed from reserve and youth players, receiving the nickname \"*Expressinho*\". Despite the technical limitations of the team, São Paulo won the cup, defeating [Peñarol](/wiki/Pe%C3%B1arol \"Peñarol\") of Uruguay in the final. Players such as [Denílson](/wiki/Den%C3%ADlson_de_Oliveira_Ara%C3%BAjo \"Denílson de Oliveira Araújo\") and [Rogério Ceni](/wiki/Rog%C3%A9rio_Ceni \"Rogério Ceni\") were discovered by Ramalho during the competition.\n\n",
"### 2006–2009\n\nAfter working for Internacional, including taking them to runners\\-up in the [Campeonato Brasileiro de 2005](/wiki/2005_Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"2005 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\"), on January 3, 2006, ten years later he came back to manage São Paulo, signing a one\\-year contract. He was the head coach of São Paulo for three years, winning the [Série A](/wiki/Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\") three times in a row. His methods and the playing style of his team did not win universal admiration, however. After a poor start in the league and being eliminated from the Libertadores Cup in 2009 to [Cruzeiro](/wiki/Cruzeiro_Esporte_Clube \"Cruzeiro Esporte Clube\"), his fourth consecutive elimination from the tournament, the board fired him.\n\n",
"### 2009\n\nAfter almost a month of negotiations, Ramalho stated his desire to direct the team of [Palmeiras](/wiki/Sociedade_Esportiva_Palmeiras \"Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras\"), signing a contract on July 22, 2009\\.\n\n",
"### 2010\n\nAfter six months as Palmeiras' head coach, Ramalho was fired on February 18, 2010, after a 1–4 defeat against [São Caetano](/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Desportiva_S%C3%A3o_Caetano \"Associação Desportiva São Caetano\"). On April 25, he was announced as the new head coach of [Fluminense](/wiki/Fluminense_FC \"Fluminense FC\"), his second time working in [Rio de Janeiro](/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro \"Rio de Janeiro\"). On July 23, he was appointed as head coach of the [Brazil national team](/wiki/Brazil_national_football_team \"Brazil national football team\"), but was not released by the Rio de Janeiro\\-based team, prompting the [Brazil Football Confederation](/wiki/Brazil_Football_Confederation \"Brazil Football Confederation\") to choose [Mano Menezes](/wiki/Mano_Menezes \"Mano Menezes\") instead.\n\nBy the end of the season, Ramalho has led Fluminense to its third national championship, after 1970 and 1984\\.\n\n",
"### 2011\n\nOn April 6, 2011, it was announced that Ramalho would take charge of [Santos](/wiki/Santos_FC \"Santos FC\") until the end of the [2011 season](/wiki/2011_Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\"). He led Santos to the [2011 Campeonato Paulista](/wiki/2011_Campeonato_Paulista \"2011 Campeonato Paulista\") title and later to the [Copa Libertadores](/wiki/Copa_Libertadores \"Copa Libertadores\") title. Ramalho renewed his contract until December 2013\\.\n\n",
"### 2013\n\nAfter losing the [State Championship](/wiki/2013_Campeonato_Paulista \"2013 Campeonato Paulista\"), and after having star player [Neymar](/wiki/Neymar \"Neymar\") sold to Barcelona, Ramalho, on 31 May, was dismissed by club. The intention of Santos was to start a reformulation. Ramalho signed in April 2011, and, since then, he won two [State Championships](/wiki/Campeonato_Paulista \"Campeonato Paulista\"), one [Recopa Sudamericana](/wiki/2012_Recopa_Sudamericana \"2012 Recopa Sudamericana\"), and the most important, [2011 Copa Libertadores](/wiki/2011_Copa_Libertadores \"2011 Copa Libertadores\"), when Santos beat Uruguayan side Peñarol in the final.[*Santos anuncia demissão do técnico Muricy Ramalho*](http://www.lancenet.com.br/santos/Santos-anuncia-demissao-Muricy-Ramalho_0_929307127.html) \n\n",
"### Return to São Paulo\n\nOn September 9, 2013, after losing to [Coritiba](/wiki/Coritiba_Foot_Ball_Club \"Coritiba Foot Ball Club\") 2–0, game that kept São Paulo in relegation zone of [Série A](/wiki/2013_Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"2013 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\"), the directors of the club sacked [Paulo Autuori](/wiki/Paulo_Autuori \"Paulo Autuori\"), signing Ramalho as his replacement. In São Paulo's official website, a report praised Autuori's work and welcomed the arrival of Ramalho, who had previously won three Brazilian leagues titles with the club. He was presented on September 10, 2013, praised by João Paulo de Jesus Lopes, vice\\-president of the club. Ramalho stated, \"We are on a phase that we cannot stay talking to players. We must have to get the victories. Each one has his own way to work. Let's keep our problems outside.\" Ramalho's first game in charge was a 1–0 victory over [Ponte Preta](/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Atl%C3%A9tica_Ponte_Preta \"Associação Atlética Ponte Preta\"). During the match, São Paulo fans at the [Morumbi Stadium](/wiki/Morumbi_Stadium \"Morumbi Stadium\") shouted \"*É, Muricy*\" (\"Yeah, Muricy\") in satisfaction of Ramalho's return.\n\nOn November 2, 2013, in an interview with Brazilian newspaper *[O Estado de S. Paulo](/wiki/O_Estado_de_S._Paulo \"O Estado de S. Paulo\")*, Ramalho affirmed the following words:\n\nOn December 7, 2013, Ramalho, after a very successful first year ahead of the club, renewed his contract with São Paulo for two more seasons. Upon signing, he stated, \"I am happy to stay, because here is my home and the affection the supporters show for me motivates me even further. I am very happy for we have had an excellent year.\"[Muricy Ramalho renova com São Paulo por mais dois anos](http://esportes.terra.com.br/sao-paulo/muricy-ramalho-renova-com-sao-paulo-por-mais-dois-anos,9cb973c590ac2410VgnCLD2000000ec6eb0aRCRD.html) \n\nOn April 6, 2015, Ramalho stepped down as coach of São Paulo due to illness; he had been hospitalized in January with a digestive disease.\n\n",
"### Flamengo\n\nRamalho was appointed head coach of [Flamengo](/wiki/Clube_de_Regatas_Flamengo \"Clube de Regatas Flamengo\") in early 2016, but was forced to resign due to poor health in May of that year. He was replaced by Flamengo U\\-20 coach [Zé Ricardo](/wiki/Z%C3%A9_Ricardo \"Zé Ricardo\").\n\n",
"Controversies\n-------------\n\nWhile with Santos, in December 2011, at the final of the [2011 FIFA Club World Cup](/wiki/2011_FIFA_Club_World_Cup_Final \"2011 FIFA Club World Cup Final\") against [Barcelona](/wiki/FC_Barcelona \"FC Barcelona\"), and after his team lost 4–0, Ramalho praised Barça manager [Pep Guardiola](/wiki/Pep_Guardiola \"Pep Guardiola\")'s work, though stated that it was simple for him since he had the financial clout to sign any player in the world. Ramalho said that European coaches would only score top marks in his book once they had the same success when coaching a Brazilian side. \"Only when they win trophies here \\[Brazil] they will be the best coaches in the world.\" He was referring to the lack of funding, lack of good players – allegedly who all play in Europe – and the ever\\-growing pressure to perform.\n\nIn February 2013, the media reported that Ramalho engaged in a verbal exchange with Neymar and [Joey Barton](/wiki/Joey_Barton \"Joey Barton\"). The latter had been little impressed by Neymar's performances in a friendly match in [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), later stating, \"I would not pay a lot of money to sign him.\" After journalists' insistence on a comment, Ramalho responded that although he meant no disrespect, he did not know who Barton was.\n\nIn May 2013, Ramalho spoke about a fake profile on the social network [Facebook](/wiki/Facebook \"Facebook\") that has a lot of friends. According to the coach, the creator of profile \"must be an idiot that doesn't have anything to do. He should do something for himself, not for someone else\".\n\nIn July 2013, two months after leaving Santos, Ramalho said that if he was to work in Europe, he would have been given a 30\\-year contract and would have a statue dedicated to him afterwards because even \"[\\[Arsène] Wenger](/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Wenger \"Arsène Wenger\") can coach [Arsenal](/wiki/Arsenal_F.C. \"Arsenal F.C.\") for almost 15 years having had so little success\". Also in July 2013, in a new interview, Ramalho spoke about players he had previously coached. According to the coach, [Müller](/wiki/M%C3%BCller_%28footballer%2C_born_1966%29 \"Müller (footballer, born 1966)\"), currently a football pundit, was a \"difficult player, it was complicated. It was really very hard. He was a excellent player, but ain't easy to work with him\". Meanwhile, on the defender [Breno](/wiki/Breno_Borges \"Breno Borges\"), whom Ramalho coached with at São Paulo, he stated, \"He thought he was [\\[Franz] Beckenbauer](/wiki/Franz_Beckenbauer \"Franz Beckenbauer\").\"\n\nRamalho also is known for his roughness and lack of patience with bad journalists and those who work to create a controversy where one does not exist.\n\nIn April 2014, Ramalho was praised by one journalist in reference to his past as a football player. Ramalho said he was ten times better than the present players of São Paulo. To this day, fans bring flags with his face and name to [Estádio do Morumbi](/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_do_Morumbi \"Estádio do Morumbi\"). \"I played at least ten times better. But they haven't seen it, and I don't talk about it because it is a thing from the past. In this team, I would pick up my number 8 jersey and the coach would only have to think about the other players,\" he added.[Muricy diz que foi 10 vezes melhor que jogadores do São Paulo. Será?](http://esporte.uol.com.br/futebol/ultimas-noticias/2014/04/10/muricy-diz-que-foi-10-vezes-melhor-que-jogadores-do-sao-paulo-sera.htm)\n\n",
"Managerial statistics\n---------------------\n\n(as of 10 May 2024\\)\n\n|Team\n\nNation\n\nFrom\n\nTo\n\nRecord\n\n| |\n|G\n\nW\n\nD\n\nL\n\nF\n\nA\n\nGD\n\nWin %\n\n|[Puebla](/wiki/Club_Puebla \"Club Puebla\")\n\n1 August 1993\n\n30 December 1993\n\n 19 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 25 | 22 | \\+3 | |\n|[São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC \"São Paulo FC\") (joint)\n\n23 January 1994\n\n21 December 1994\n\n 14 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 22 | 23 | \\-1 | |\n|[São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC \"São Paulo FC\") (joint)\n\n14 February 1995\n\n12 May 1995\n\n 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 6 | \\+7 | |\n|[São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC \"São Paulo FC\")\n\n30 January 1996\n\n17 August 1996\n\n 37 | 22 | 7 | 8 | 75 | 45 | \\+30 | |\n|[São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC \"São Paulo FC\")\n\n27 October 1996\n\n15 April 1997\n\n 29 | 11 | 13 | 5 | 50 | 38 | \\+12 | |\n|[Shanghai Shenhua](/wiki/Shanghai_Shenhua_F.C. \"Shanghai Shenhua F.C.\")\n\n30 June 1998\n\n8 March 1999\n\n 22 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 41 | 18 | \\+23 | |\n|[Náutico](/wiki/Clube_N%C3%A1utico_Capibaribe \"Clube Náutico Capibaribe\")\n\n5 May 2001\n\n12 October 2002\n\n 91 | 54 | 23 | 32 | 171 | 123 | \\+48 | |\n|[Internacional](/wiki/SC_Internacional \"SC Internacional\")\n\n3 September 2004\n\n8 December 2005\n\n 90 | 50 | 17 | 23 | 143 | 95 | \\+48 | |\n|[São Paulo](/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC \"São Paulo FC\")\n\n3 January 2006\n\n20 June 2009\n\n 252 | 139 | 67 | 46 | 412 | 223 | \\+189 | |\n|[Palmeiras](/wiki/Sociedade_Esportiva_Palmeiras \"Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras\")\n\n21 July 2009\n\n18 February 2010\n\n 34 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 54 | 47 | \\+7 | |\n|[Fluminense](/wiki/Fluminense_FC \"Fluminense FC\")\n\n25 March 2010\n\n13 March 2011\n\n 54 | 28 | 15 | 11 | 93 | 57 | \\+36 | |\n|[Santos](/wiki/Santos_FC \"Santos FC\")\n\n8 April 2011\n\n31 May 2013\n\n 150 | 72 | 42 | 36 | 258 | 176 | \\+82 | |\n|[CR Flamengo](/wiki/CR_Flamengo \"CR Flamengo\")\n\n8 December 2015\n\n26 May 2016\n\n 25 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 40 | 17 | \\+23 | |\n|Total\n\n 824 | 428 | 224 | 190 | 1,397 | 890 | \\+459 | |\n\n",
"Footballer honours\n------------------\n\nSão Paulo\n* [Campeonato Paulista](/wiki/Campeonato_Paulista \"Campeonato Paulista\"): 1975\n* [Taça dos Campeões Estaduais Rio – São Paulo](/wiki/Ta%C3%A7a_dos_Campe%C3%B5es_Estaduais_Rio_%E2%80%93_S%C3%A3o_Paulo \"Taça dos Campeões Estaduais Rio – São Paulo\"): 1975\n* [Campeonato Brasileiro Série A](/wiki/Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\"): 1977\n\nPuebla\n* [Liga MX](/wiki/Liga_MX \"Liga MX\"): [1982\\-83](/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383_Mexican_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n_season \"1982–83 Mexican Primera División season\")\n",
"Head coaching honours\n---------------------\n\nSão Paulo\n* [Campeonato Brasileiro Série A](/wiki/Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\") (3\\): 2006, 2007, 2008\n* [Copa CONMEBOL](/wiki/Copa_CONMEBOL \"Copa CONMEBOL\"): 1994\n* [Copa Masters CONMEBOL](/wiki/Copa_Masters_CONMEBOL \"Copa Masters CONMEBOL\"): 1996\n\nShanghai Shenhua\n* [Cup of China](/wiki/Chinese_FA_Cup \"Chinese FA Cup\"): 1998\n* [Chinese FA Super Cup](/wiki/Chinese_FA_Super_Cup \"Chinese FA Super Cup\"): [1998](/wiki/1998_Chinese_Football_Super_Cup \"1998 Chinese Football Super Cup\")\n\nNáutico\n* [Campeonato Pernambucano](/wiki/Campeonato_Pernambucano \"Campeonato Pernambucano\") (2\\): 2001, 2002\n\nInternacional\n* [Campeonato Gaúcho](/wiki/Campeonato_Ga%C3%BAcho \"Campeonato Gaúcho\"): 2003, 2005\n* [Campeonato Brasileiro Série A](/wiki/Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\") runner\\-up: 2005\n\nSão Caetano\n* [Campeonato Paulista](/wiki/Campeonato_Paulista \"Campeonato Paulista\"): 2004\n\nFluminense\n* [Campeonato Brasileiro Série A](/wiki/Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A \"Campeonato Brasileiro Série A\"): 2010\n\nSantos\n* [Copa Libertadores](/wiki/Copa_Libertadores \"Copa Libertadores\"): 2011\n* [Recopa Sudamericana](/wiki/Recopa_Sudamericana \"Recopa Sudamericana\"): 2012\n* [Campeonato Paulista](/wiki/Campeonato_Paulista \"Campeonato Paulista\") (2\\): 2011, 2012\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1955 births](/wiki/Category:1955_births \"1955 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Brazilian expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"Brazilian expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:Brazilian men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_men%27s_footballers \"Brazilian men's footballers\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:Brazilian people of Portuguese descent](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_people_of_Portuguese_descent \"Brazilian people of Portuguese descent\")\n[Category:Sportspeople of Portuguese descent](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_of_Portuguese_descent \"Sportspeople of Portuguese descent\")\n[Category:Brazilian football managers](/wiki/Category:Brazilian_football_managers \"Brazilian football managers\")\n[Category:Expatriate football managers in China](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_football_managers_in_China \"Expatriate football managers in China\")\n[Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série A managers](/wiki/Category:Campeonato_Brasileiro_S%C3%A9rie_A_managers \"Campeonato Brasileiro Série A managers\")\n[Category:São Paulo state football team players](/wiki/Category:S%C3%A3o_Paulo_state_football_team_players \"São Paulo state football team players\")\n[Category:Liga MX players](/wiki/Category:Liga_MX_players \"Liga MX players\")\n[Category:São Paulo FC players](/wiki/Category:S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC_players \"São Paulo FC players\")\n[Category:Club Puebla players](/wiki/Category:Club_Puebla_players \"Club Puebla players\")\n[Category:America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro) players](/wiki/Category:America_Football_Club_%28Rio_de_Janeiro%29_players \"America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro) players\")\n[Category:Club Puebla managers](/wiki/Category:Club_Puebla_managers \"Club Puebla managers\")\n[Category:Liga MX managers](/wiki/Category:Liga_MX_managers \"Liga MX managers\")\n[Category:São Paulo FC managers](/wiki/Category:S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC_managers \"São Paulo FC managers\")\n[Category:Guarani FC managers](/wiki/Category:Guarani_FC_managers \"Guarani FC managers\")\n[Category:Shanghai Shenhua F.C. managers](/wiki/Category:Shanghai_Shenhua_F.C._managers \"Shanghai Shenhua F.C. managers\")\n[Category:Ituano FC managers](/wiki/Category:Ituano_FC_managers \"Ituano FC managers\")\n[Category:Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP) managers](/wiki/Category:Botafogo_Futebol_Clube_%28SP%29_managers \"Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP) managers\")\n[Category:Associação Atlética Portuguesa (Santos) managers](/wiki/Category:Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Atl%C3%A9tica_Portuguesa_%28Santos%29_managers \"Associação Atlética Portuguesa (Santos) managers\")\n[Category:Santa Cruz Futebol Clube managers](/wiki/Category:Santa_Cruz_Futebol_Clube_managers \"Santa Cruz Futebol Clube managers\")\n[Category:Clube Náutico Capibaribe managers](/wiki/Category:Clube_N%C3%A1utico_Capibaribe_managers \"Clube Náutico Capibaribe managers\")\n[Category:Figueirense FC managers](/wiki/Category:Figueirense_FC_managers \"Figueirense FC managers\")\n[Category:Sport Club Internacional managers](/wiki/Category:Sport_Club_Internacional_managers \"Sport Club Internacional managers\")\n[Category:Associação Desportiva São Caetano managers](/wiki/Category:Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Desportiva_S%C3%A3o_Caetano_managers \"Associação Desportiva São Caetano managers\")\n[Category:Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras managers](/wiki/Category:Sociedade_Esportiva_Palmeiras_managers \"Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras managers\")\n[Category:Santos FC managers](/wiki/Category:Santos_FC_managers \"Santos FC managers\")\n[Category:CR Flamengo managers](/wiki/Category:CR_Flamengo_managers \"CR Flamengo managers\")\n[Category:Footballers from São Paulo](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_S%C3%A3o_Paulo \"Footballers from São Paulo\")\n[Category:São Paulo FC non\\-playing staff](/wiki/Category:S%C3%A3o_Paulo_FC_non-playing_staff \"São Paulo FC non-playing staff\")\n[Category:Copa Libertadores winning managers](/wiki/Category:Copa_Libertadores_winning_managers \"Copa Libertadores winning managers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Swingin' for the Fences
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
8zy0nxu9cw3zmagf45kwjfaisniz153
|
2021-01-23T05:49:07Z
| 972,852,978 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Track listing",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Swingin' for the Fences*** is the debut album by [Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band](/wiki/Gordon_Goodwin%27s_Big_Phat_Band \"Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band\"), an 18\\-piece big band led by [Gordon Goodwin](/wiki/Gordon_Goodwin \"Gordon Goodwin\").\n\nGoodwin composed the music except for \"Two\\-Part Invention in D Minor\", a jazz update of [J. S. Bach](/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach \"Johann Sebastian Bach\"). He wrote the [arrangements](/wiki/Arrangements \"Arrangements\") and played alto and soprano saxophone. \"Sing Sang Sung\" is based on \"[Sing, Sing, Sing](/wiki/Sing%2C_Sing%2C_Sing_%28With_a_Swing%29 \"Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)\")\", which was written by [Louis Prima](/wiki/Louis_Prima \"Louis Prima\") and made famous by [Benny Goodman](/wiki/Benny_Goodman \"Benny Goodman\")'s big band.\n\nThere are solos by the Big Phat Band's Dan Higgins on saxophone, Andy Martin on trombone, Tom Ranier on piano, and Goodwin on saxophone. Guests include [Arturo Sandoval](/wiki/Arturo_Sandoval \"Arturo Sandoval\"), [Eric Marienthal](/wiki/Eric_Marienthal \"Eric Marienthal\"), [Eddie Daniels](/wiki/Eddie_Daniels \"Eddie Daniels\"), and [Brandon Fields](/wiki/Brandon_Fields_%28musician%29 \"Brandon Fields (musician)\").\n\n*Swingin' for the Fences* received two Grammy Award nominations. It was the first album released on [DVD\\-Audio](/wiki/DVD-Audio \"DVD-Audio\") and the first DVD\\-Audio to be nominated for two [Grammy Awards](/wiki/Grammy_Awards \"Grammy Awards\").\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\nAll compositions are by Gordon Goodwin except \"Bach Two\\-Part Invention in D Minor\" by [Johann Sebastian Bach](/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach \"Johann Sebastian Bach\") and Gordon Goodwin.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band albums](/wiki/Category:Gordon_Goodwin%27s_Big_Phat_Band_albums \"Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band albums\")\n[Category:2001 debut albums](/wiki/Category:2001_debut_albums \"2001 debut albums\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Boehringer Ingelheim
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"146.113.135.122"
]
}
|
ap4gb7j3n6q62wq7wfpgmictwyjdobl
|
2024-10-17T15:58:50Z
| 1,246,438,187 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"1885–1999",
"2000–2016",
"2016 – Sanofi asset swap",
"2018–onwards",
"Business overview",
"Operational sites",
"Closure of Bedford plant",
"Collaborative research and partnership with Google Quantum AI",
"Products",
"Key lines",
"Product pipeline",
"Litigation",
"Ownership and leadership",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**C.H. Boehringer Sohn AG \\& Co. ** is the parent company of the **Boehringer Ingelheim** group, which was founded in 1885 by [Albert Boehringer](/wiki/Albert_Boehringer \"Albert Boehringer\") (1861–1939\\) in [Ingelheim am Rhein](/wiki/Ingelheim_am_Rhein \"Ingelheim am Rhein\"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\"). As of 2018, Boehringer Ingelheim is one of the world's [largest pharmaceutical companies](/wiki/List_of_largest_pharmaceutical_companies_by_revenue \"List of largest pharmaceutical companies by revenue\"), and the largest private one. Headquartered in Ingelheim, it operates globally with 146 affiliates and more than 47,700 employees. Unlike most large pharmaceutical companies which are listed, the company is private and fully owned by the Boehringer, Liebrecht and von Baumbach families. The company's key areas of interest are: [respiratory diseases](/wiki/Respiratory_diseases \"Respiratory diseases\"), [metabolism](/wiki/Metabolism \"Metabolism\"), [immunology](/wiki/Immunology \"Immunology\"), [oncology](/wiki/Oncology \"Oncology\") and diseases of the [central nervous system](/wiki/Central_nervous_system \"Central nervous system\"). Boehringer Ingelheim is a full member of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations ([EFPIA](/wiki/EFPIA \"EFPIA\")). The corporate logo of Boehringer Ingelheim depicts a stylized rendition of the central section of [the imperial palace](/wiki/Imperial_Palace%2C_Ingelheim \"Imperial Palace, Ingelheim\") of [Charlemagne](/wiki/Charlemagne \"Charlemagne\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Albert Boehringer founder of Boehringer Ingelheim in August 1885](/wiki/File:AlbertB.jpg \"AlbertB.jpg\")\n\n \n\n[thumb\\|260px\\|right\\|Aerial footage of company's headquarters](/wiki/File:Ingelheim_site%2C_of_Boehringer_Ingelheim.jpg \"Ingelheim site, of Boehringer Ingelheim.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|left\\|Poster for Boeson baking powder, the first patented Boehringer Ingelheim product in year 1895](/wiki/File:Poster_for_Boeson_baking_powder%2C_the_first_patented_Boehringer_Ingelheim_product.jpg \"Poster for Boeson baking powder, the first patented Boehringer Ingelheim product.jpg\")\n\n \n\n### 1885–1999\n\n* **1885**: Albert Boehringer buys a small [tartar](/wiki/Potassium_bitartrate \"Potassium bitartrate\") factory in Ingelheim am Rhein; work begins on 1 August.\n* **1886**: The factory commences production of [tartaric acid](/wiki/Tartaric_acid \"Tartaric acid\") for use in the food industry (e.g. in [baking powder](/wiki/Baking_powder \"Baking powder\") and carbonated beverages).\n* **1893**: Albert Boehringer renames the company C. H. Boehringer Sohn (CHBS) after his father, Christoph Heinrich Boehringer.\n* **1893**: While experimenting with the production of citric acid, lactic acid is formed. Albert Boehringer develops this process, with the intention of producing lactic acid on a larger scale.\n* **1895**: Lactic acid is produced on an industrial scale, and is successful commercially.\n* **1917**: Professor [Heinrich Otto Wieland](/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland \"Heinrich Otto Wieland\"), chemist, future [Nobel Prize](/wiki/Nobel_Prize \"Nobel Prize\") winner and cousin of Albert Boehringer, sets up the company's research department.\n* **1928**: Albert Boehringer purchases Dr. Karl Thomae, a company based in Winnenden near Stuttgart.\n* **1946**: Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH is re\\-opened in Biberach an der Riss with a staff of 70 people.\n* **1954**: The company hires former Nazi [Fritz Fischer](/wiki/Fritz_Fischer_%28medical_doctor%29 \"Fritz Fischer (medical doctor)\") after he is released from jail. Fischer was convicted of [war crimes](/wiki/War_crime \"War crime\") and [crimes against humanity](/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity \"Crimes against humanity\") at the [Nuremberg Trials](/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials \"Nuremberg Trials\"). This has never been corroborated or authenticated.\n\nThe company supplied the most potent ingredient of [Agent Orange](/wiki/Agent_Orange \"Agent Orange\").\n\n* **1955**: The Animal Health division is established as the company acquires Pfizer's veterinary programme.\n* **1966**: A subsidiary company named *Boehringer Ingelheim Hellas* was founded and the company started business in Greece. A new factory was built close to Athens at Koropi\n* **1971**: The foreign subsidiary, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc is founded in Ridgefield, Connecticut (USA). This site is soon expanded, and becomes the company's North American research centre.\n* **1985**: The [Research Institute of Molecular Pathology](/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Molecular_Pathology \"Research Institute of Molecular Pathology\") (IMP) is established in Vienna through a collaboration with [Genentech](/wiki/Genentech \"Genentech\"); it opens in 1988\\.\n* **1986**: The biotechnological centre in Biberach begins production of [biopharmaceuticals](/wiki/Biopharmaceuticals \"Biopharmaceuticals\") from cell cultures.\n* **1998**: The merging of Boehringer Ingelheim KG and Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH founds Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG.\n\n### 2000–2016\n\nIn 2004, the company acquired STEAG microParts GmbH. In December of the same year the company announced the acquisition of the outstanding shares of Boehringer Ingelheim Shionogi Vetmedica.\n\nIn June 2008, the company announced its intention to acquire [Actimis Pharmaceuticals](/wiki/Actimis_Pharmaceuticals \"Actimis Pharmaceuticals\") for $515 million, depending on the performance of Actimis' leading asthma compound AP768\\.\n\nIn 2009, through its US subsidiary, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc., acquired a significant portion of the Fort Dodge Animal Health business from [Pfizer](/wiki/Pfizer \"Pfizer\").\n\nIn 2010, BI, through its Boehringer Ingelheim Japan Investment GK subsidiary, acquired all outstanding shares of SSP CO., Ltd, with Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd already holding 60\\.2% of SSP CO's shares.\n\nIn August 2012, the company acquired [FX125L](/wiki/FX125L \"FX125L\") and the [somatotaxin](/wiki/Somatotaxin \"Somatotaxin\") programme from Funxional Therapeutics for an undisclosed sum.\n\nIn May 2015, the company acquired the investigational drug PXS4728A from [Pharmaxis](/wiki/Pharmaxis \"Pharmaxis\")’. In July, the company sold its [Roxane](/wiki/Roxane_Laboratories \"Roxane Laboratories\") business to [Hikma Pharmaceuticals Plc](/wiki/Hikma_Pharmaceuticals \"Hikma Pharmaceuticals\") for $2\\.65 billion ($1\\.18 billion in cash and issue 40 million new Hikma shares). The company also agreed to make cash payments of up to $125 million based on performance milestones. On the same day the company announced it would partner with [Hanmi Pharmaceutical](/wiki/Hanmi_Pharmaceutical \"Hanmi Pharmaceutical\") to develop and commercialise [HM61713](/wiki/HM61713 \"HM61713\"), a third generation treatment for [EGFR](/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor \"Epidermal growth factor receptor\") mutation\\-positive [lung cancer](/wiki/Lung_cancer \"Lung cancer\"). Boehringer also terminated its collaboration with Vitae Pharmaceuticals on a new [BACE](/wiki/BACE \"BACE\") program for Alzheimer's.\n\nThe company sold the rights to [Faldaprevir](/wiki/Faldaprevir \"Faldaprevir\"), a HCV protease inhibitor to Trek Therapeutics.\n\nIn July 2016, the company sold the commercialisation rights to [BI 655066](/wiki/BI_655066 \"BI 655066\") ([Risankizumab](/wiki/Risankizumab \"Risankizumab\")), to AbbVie for $595 million upfront as well as undisclosed milestone payments and royalties. BI 655066 is a drug in late\\-stage testing for [psoriasis](/wiki/Psoriasis \"Psoriasis\"), and in earlier testing for [Crohn's disease](/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease \"Crohn's disease\"), [psoriatic arthritis](/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis \"Psoriatic arthritis\") and [asthma](/wiki/Asthma \"Asthma\"). In September of the same year the company announced it would acquire [ViraTherapeutics](/wiki/ViraTherapeutics \"ViraTherapeutics\") for €210 million ($230 million), a developer of oncolytic virus therapies, dependent on the success of Phase I trials.\n\n### 2016 – Sanofi asset swap\n\nIn June 2016, the company announced it had struck an asset\\-swap deal with [Sanofi](/wiki/Sanofi \"Sanofi\"), Boehringer would sell its consumer health division (valuing it at €6\\.7 billion) and €4\\.7 billion in cash, whilst acquiring the [Merial](/wiki/Merial \"Merial\") animal health division (valuing it at €11\\.4 billion / $12\\.4 billion). The deal could mean that Boehringer is now one of the animal healthcare global leaders. In September of the same year, [Amgen](/wiki/Amgen \"Amgen\") announced it would purchase the rights to Boehringer Ingelheims Phase I bispecific T\\-cell engager compound ([BI 836909](/wiki/BI_836909 \"BI 836909\"), now AMG 420\\) for use in the treatment of [multiple myeloma](/wiki/Multiple_myeloma \"Multiple myeloma\"). As part of the asset swap, Boehringer and Merial sold a number of assets to [Ceva Santé Animale](/wiki/Ceva_Sant%C3%A9_Animale \"Ceva Santé Animale\") \\- namely some animal health vaccines and pharmaceuticals from the Merial portfolio for swine, bovine and companion animals, as well as some intellectual property, manufacturing processes and R\\&D activities. In October 2016 the company sold its US pet vaccines business and a manufacturing plant for $885 million, to [Eli Lilly Cos](/wiki/Eli_Lilly_Co \"Eli Lilly Co\") [Elanco Animal Health](/wiki/Elanco \"Elanco\") division.\n\n### 2018–onwards\n\nIn April 2018, the company announced that it would launch an immuno\\-oncology partnership with [OSE Immunotherapeutics](/wiki/OSE_Immunotherapeutics \"OSE Immunotherapeutics\") worth up\\-to\\-$1\\.4 billion, focussing on developing OSE's late\\-preclinical\\-stage candidate [OSE\\-172](/wiki/OSE-172 \"OSE-172\"), a checkpoint inhibitor antibody designed to treat solid tumors. In the same month Boehringer announced a partnership with [Topas Therapeutics](/wiki/Topas_Therapeutics \"Topas Therapeutics\") and their virus\\-based vectors. In mid\\-September the company exercised its option to acquire viral cancer therapy developer, [ViraTherapeutics](/wiki/ViraTherapeutics \"ViraTherapeutics\"), for €210 million ($245 million).\n\nIn March 2019, Boehringer announced it would acquire ICD Therapeutics. In July, subsidiary company Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced it had acquired Amal Therapeutics SA, boostings the business' focus on cancer immunotherapy and vaccine treatments.\n\nIn May 2020, the business announced it would acquire Northern Biologics Inc. which focuses on therapeutic antibodies targeting tumours. In June, the business announced it would sell off part of its stake in London\\-listed [Hikma Pharmaceuticals](/wiki/Hikma_Pharmaceuticals \"Hikma Pharmaceuticals\") (28 million out of a 40 million share holding) for around $800 million. In July, the company announced it would acquire Global Stem cell Technology, boosting its animal health business. In December, Boehringer announced it would acquire Labor Dr. Merk \\& Kollegen, boosting its immuno\\-oncology therapy range including [Vesicular Stomatitis Virus](/wiki/Vesicular_Stomatitis_Virus \"Vesicular Stomatitis Virus\") and cancer vaccines platforms and Swiss\\-based NBE Therapeutics, adding drug candidates including a treatment being used in early trials against [triple\\-negative breast cancer](/wiki/Triple-negative_breast_cancer \"Triple-negative breast cancer\") and [lung cancer](/wiki/Lung_cancer \"Lung cancer\"), for $1\\.5 billion.\n\nIn June 2020, Boehringer and [G1 Therapeutics](/wiki/G1_Therapeutics \"G1 Therapeutics\") announced a co\\-promotion agreement for [trilaciclib (Cosela)](/wiki/Trilaciclib \"Trilaciclib\"), a [CDK4/6 inhibitor](/wiki/CDK_inhibitor \"CDK inhibitor\") designed to prevent chemotherapy\\-induced [myelosuppression](/wiki/Bone_marrow_suppression \"Bone marrow suppression\"). The agreement targets [small cell lung cancer](/wiki/Small-cell_carcinoma \"Small-cell carcinoma\"), will initially run for three years, and covers the [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") and [Puerto Rico](/wiki/Puerto_Rico \"Puerto Rico\").\n\nIn September 2021, the company announced it would acquire Abexxa Biologics, boosting its cancer immunotherapy research.\n\nIn 2023, the [World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)](/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization \"World Intellectual Property Organization\")’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked Boehringer's number of marks applications filled under the [Madrid System](/wiki/Madrid_Protocol \"Madrid Protocol\") as 4th in the world, with 118 [trademarks](/wiki/Trademarks \"Trademarks\") applications submitted during 2023\\.\n\n",
"### 1885–1999\n\n* **1885**: Albert Boehringer buys a small [tartar](/wiki/Potassium_bitartrate \"Potassium bitartrate\") factory in Ingelheim am Rhein; work begins on 1 August.\n* **1886**: The factory commences production of [tartaric acid](/wiki/Tartaric_acid \"Tartaric acid\") for use in the food industry (e.g. in [baking powder](/wiki/Baking_powder \"Baking powder\") and carbonated beverages).\n* **1893**: Albert Boehringer renames the company C. H. Boehringer Sohn (CHBS) after his father, Christoph Heinrich Boehringer.\n* **1893**: While experimenting with the production of citric acid, lactic acid is formed. Albert Boehringer develops this process, with the intention of producing lactic acid on a larger scale.\n* **1895**: Lactic acid is produced on an industrial scale, and is successful commercially.\n* **1917**: Professor [Heinrich Otto Wieland](/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland \"Heinrich Otto Wieland\"), chemist, future [Nobel Prize](/wiki/Nobel_Prize \"Nobel Prize\") winner and cousin of Albert Boehringer, sets up the company's research department.\n* **1928**: Albert Boehringer purchases Dr. Karl Thomae, a company based in Winnenden near Stuttgart.\n* **1946**: Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH is re\\-opened in Biberach an der Riss with a staff of 70 people.\n* **1954**: The company hires former Nazi [Fritz Fischer](/wiki/Fritz_Fischer_%28medical_doctor%29 \"Fritz Fischer (medical doctor)\") after he is released from jail. Fischer was convicted of [war crimes](/wiki/War_crime \"War crime\") and [crimes against humanity](/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity \"Crimes against humanity\") at the [Nuremberg Trials](/wiki/Nuremberg_Trials \"Nuremberg Trials\"). This has never been corroborated or authenticated.\n\nThe company supplied the most potent ingredient of [Agent Orange](/wiki/Agent_Orange \"Agent Orange\").\n\n* **1955**: The Animal Health division is established as the company acquires Pfizer's veterinary programme.\n* **1966**: A subsidiary company named *Boehringer Ingelheim Hellas* was founded and the company started business in Greece. A new factory was built close to Athens at Koropi\n* **1971**: The foreign subsidiary, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc is founded in Ridgefield, Connecticut (USA). This site is soon expanded, and becomes the company's North American research centre.\n* **1985**: The [Research Institute of Molecular Pathology](/wiki/Research_Institute_of_Molecular_Pathology \"Research Institute of Molecular Pathology\") (IMP) is established in Vienna through a collaboration with [Genentech](/wiki/Genentech \"Genentech\"); it opens in 1988\\.\n* **1986**: The biotechnological centre in Biberach begins production of [biopharmaceuticals](/wiki/Biopharmaceuticals \"Biopharmaceuticals\") from cell cultures.\n* **1998**: The merging of Boehringer Ingelheim KG and Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH founds Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG.\n",
"### 2000–2016\n\nIn 2004, the company acquired STEAG microParts GmbH. In December of the same year the company announced the acquisition of the outstanding shares of Boehringer Ingelheim Shionogi Vetmedica.\n\nIn June 2008, the company announced its intention to acquire [Actimis Pharmaceuticals](/wiki/Actimis_Pharmaceuticals \"Actimis Pharmaceuticals\") for $515 million, depending on the performance of Actimis' leading asthma compound AP768\\.\n\nIn 2009, through its US subsidiary, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc., acquired a significant portion of the Fort Dodge Animal Health business from [Pfizer](/wiki/Pfizer \"Pfizer\").\n\nIn 2010, BI, through its Boehringer Ingelheim Japan Investment GK subsidiary, acquired all outstanding shares of SSP CO., Ltd, with Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd already holding 60\\.2% of SSP CO's shares.\n\nIn August 2012, the company acquired [FX125L](/wiki/FX125L \"FX125L\") and the [somatotaxin](/wiki/Somatotaxin \"Somatotaxin\") programme from Funxional Therapeutics for an undisclosed sum.\n\nIn May 2015, the company acquired the investigational drug PXS4728A from [Pharmaxis](/wiki/Pharmaxis \"Pharmaxis\")’. In July, the company sold its [Roxane](/wiki/Roxane_Laboratories \"Roxane Laboratories\") business to [Hikma Pharmaceuticals Plc](/wiki/Hikma_Pharmaceuticals \"Hikma Pharmaceuticals\") for $2\\.65 billion ($1\\.18 billion in cash and issue 40 million new Hikma shares). The company also agreed to make cash payments of up to $125 million based on performance milestones. On the same day the company announced it would partner with [Hanmi Pharmaceutical](/wiki/Hanmi_Pharmaceutical \"Hanmi Pharmaceutical\") to develop and commercialise [HM61713](/wiki/HM61713 \"HM61713\"), a third generation treatment for [EGFR](/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor \"Epidermal growth factor receptor\") mutation\\-positive [lung cancer](/wiki/Lung_cancer \"Lung cancer\"). Boehringer also terminated its collaboration with Vitae Pharmaceuticals on a new [BACE](/wiki/BACE \"BACE\") program for Alzheimer's.\n\nThe company sold the rights to [Faldaprevir](/wiki/Faldaprevir \"Faldaprevir\"), a HCV protease inhibitor to Trek Therapeutics.\n\nIn July 2016, the company sold the commercialisation rights to [BI 655066](/wiki/BI_655066 \"BI 655066\") ([Risankizumab](/wiki/Risankizumab \"Risankizumab\")), to AbbVie for $595 million upfront as well as undisclosed milestone payments and royalties. BI 655066 is a drug in late\\-stage testing for [psoriasis](/wiki/Psoriasis \"Psoriasis\"), and in earlier testing for [Crohn's disease](/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease \"Crohn's disease\"), [psoriatic arthritis](/wiki/Psoriatic_arthritis \"Psoriatic arthritis\") and [asthma](/wiki/Asthma \"Asthma\"). In September of the same year the company announced it would acquire [ViraTherapeutics](/wiki/ViraTherapeutics \"ViraTherapeutics\") for €210 million ($230 million), a developer of oncolytic virus therapies, dependent on the success of Phase I trials.\n\n",
"### 2016 – Sanofi asset swap\n\nIn June 2016, the company announced it had struck an asset\\-swap deal with [Sanofi](/wiki/Sanofi \"Sanofi\"), Boehringer would sell its consumer health division (valuing it at €6\\.7 billion) and €4\\.7 billion in cash, whilst acquiring the [Merial](/wiki/Merial \"Merial\") animal health division (valuing it at €11\\.4 billion / $12\\.4 billion). The deal could mean that Boehringer is now one of the animal healthcare global leaders. In September of the same year, [Amgen](/wiki/Amgen \"Amgen\") announced it would purchase the rights to Boehringer Ingelheims Phase I bispecific T\\-cell engager compound ([BI 836909](/wiki/BI_836909 \"BI 836909\"), now AMG 420\\) for use in the treatment of [multiple myeloma](/wiki/Multiple_myeloma \"Multiple myeloma\"). As part of the asset swap, Boehringer and Merial sold a number of assets to [Ceva Santé Animale](/wiki/Ceva_Sant%C3%A9_Animale \"Ceva Santé Animale\") \\- namely some animal health vaccines and pharmaceuticals from the Merial portfolio for swine, bovine and companion animals, as well as some intellectual property, manufacturing processes and R\\&D activities. In October 2016 the company sold its US pet vaccines business and a manufacturing plant for $885 million, to [Eli Lilly Cos](/wiki/Eli_Lilly_Co \"Eli Lilly Co\") [Elanco Animal Health](/wiki/Elanco \"Elanco\") division.\n\n",
"### 2018–onwards\n\nIn April 2018, the company announced that it would launch an immuno\\-oncology partnership with [OSE Immunotherapeutics](/wiki/OSE_Immunotherapeutics \"OSE Immunotherapeutics\") worth up\\-to\\-$1\\.4 billion, focussing on developing OSE's late\\-preclinical\\-stage candidate [OSE\\-172](/wiki/OSE-172 \"OSE-172\"), a checkpoint inhibitor antibody designed to treat solid tumors. In the same month Boehringer announced a partnership with [Topas Therapeutics](/wiki/Topas_Therapeutics \"Topas Therapeutics\") and their virus\\-based vectors. In mid\\-September the company exercised its option to acquire viral cancer therapy developer, [ViraTherapeutics](/wiki/ViraTherapeutics \"ViraTherapeutics\"), for €210 million ($245 million).\n\nIn March 2019, Boehringer announced it would acquire ICD Therapeutics. In July, subsidiary company Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. announced it had acquired Amal Therapeutics SA, boostings the business' focus on cancer immunotherapy and vaccine treatments.\n\nIn May 2020, the business announced it would acquire Northern Biologics Inc. which focuses on therapeutic antibodies targeting tumours. In June, the business announced it would sell off part of its stake in London\\-listed [Hikma Pharmaceuticals](/wiki/Hikma_Pharmaceuticals \"Hikma Pharmaceuticals\") (28 million out of a 40 million share holding) for around $800 million. In July, the company announced it would acquire Global Stem cell Technology, boosting its animal health business. In December, Boehringer announced it would acquire Labor Dr. Merk \\& Kollegen, boosting its immuno\\-oncology therapy range including [Vesicular Stomatitis Virus](/wiki/Vesicular_Stomatitis_Virus \"Vesicular Stomatitis Virus\") and cancer vaccines platforms and Swiss\\-based NBE Therapeutics, adding drug candidates including a treatment being used in early trials against [triple\\-negative breast cancer](/wiki/Triple-negative_breast_cancer \"Triple-negative breast cancer\") and [lung cancer](/wiki/Lung_cancer \"Lung cancer\"), for $1\\.5 billion.\n\nIn June 2020, Boehringer and [G1 Therapeutics](/wiki/G1_Therapeutics \"G1 Therapeutics\") announced a co\\-promotion agreement for [trilaciclib (Cosela)](/wiki/Trilaciclib \"Trilaciclib\"), a [CDK4/6 inhibitor](/wiki/CDK_inhibitor \"CDK inhibitor\") designed to prevent chemotherapy\\-induced [myelosuppression](/wiki/Bone_marrow_suppression \"Bone marrow suppression\"). The agreement targets [small cell lung cancer](/wiki/Small-cell_carcinoma \"Small-cell carcinoma\"), will initially run for three years, and covers the [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") and [Puerto Rico](/wiki/Puerto_Rico \"Puerto Rico\").\n\nIn September 2021, the company announced it would acquire Abexxa Biologics, boosting its cancer immunotherapy research.\n\nIn 2023, the [World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)](/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization \"World Intellectual Property Organization\")’s Madrid Yearly Review ranked Boehringer's number of marks applications filled under the [Madrid System](/wiki/Madrid_Protocol \"Madrid Protocol\") as 4th in the world, with 118 [trademarks](/wiki/Trademarks \"Trademarks\") applications submitted during 2023\\.\n\n",
"Business overview\n-----------------\n\nBoehringer Ingelheim works in human [pharmaceuticals](/wiki/Pharmaceutical \"Pharmaceutical\"), [animal health](/wiki/Animal_health \"Animal health\"), and [biopharmaceuticals](/wiki/Biopharmaceutical \"Biopharmaceutical\"). The group consists of 145 affiliated companies with around 50,000 employees in 2017 in all continents. [Research and development](/wiki/Research_and_development \"Research and development\") facilities were in five sites and 20 production plants in 13 countries. The research and development facilities are located in [Biberach](/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Riss \"Biberach an der Riss\") (Germany), [Ridgefield](/wiki/Ridgefield%2C_Connecticut \"Ridgefield, Connecticut\") (Connecticut), [Vienna](/wiki/Vienna \"Vienna\"), [Kobe](/wiki/Kobe \"Kobe\"), and [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\") (closed in 2017\\). Over 8,000 employees work for Boehringer Ingelheim in research and development.\n\n",
"Operational sites\n-----------------\n\nBoehringer Ingelheim is a globally operating company, with 146 subsidiaries around the globe. The company's largest site and corporate headquarters is in Ingelheim am Rhein near Mainz and Frankfurt, Germany. Their main business regions are Europe, North America and Asia. The Research Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna (Austria), founded in 1985, has had Boehringer Ingelheim as its main sponsor since 1993\\.\n\n### Closure of Bedford plant\n\nIn 2011, Ben Venue Laboratories in [Bedford, Ohio](/wiki/Bedford%2C_Ohio \"Bedford, Ohio\"), a division of Boehringer Ingelheim, voluntarily shut down after a [U.S. Food and Drug Administration](/wiki/U.S._Food_and_Drug_Administration \"U.S. Food and Drug Administration\") inspectors' report that found the plant had rusty tools, mold, and a barrel of 'unknown liquid', later found to be [urine](/wiki/Urine \"Urine\"). The company invested to upgrade the drug manufacturing plant, and limited production resumed in October 2012\\. However, on 3 October 2013, Ben Venue announced that it would be ceasing production by the end of 2013 due to being unable to \"return to sustainable production.\"\n\n",
"### Closure of Bedford plant\n\nIn 2011, Ben Venue Laboratories in [Bedford, Ohio](/wiki/Bedford%2C_Ohio \"Bedford, Ohio\"), a division of Boehringer Ingelheim, voluntarily shut down after a [U.S. Food and Drug Administration](/wiki/U.S._Food_and_Drug_Administration \"U.S. Food and Drug Administration\") inspectors' report that found the plant had rusty tools, mold, and a barrel of 'unknown liquid', later found to be [urine](/wiki/Urine \"Urine\"). The company invested to upgrade the drug manufacturing plant, and limited production resumed in October 2012\\. However, on 3 October 2013, Ben Venue announced that it would be ceasing production by the end of 2013 due to being unable to \"return to sustainable production.\"\n\n",
"Collaborative research and partnership with Google Quantum AI\n-------------------------------------------------------------\n\nBoehringer Ingelheim is involved in publicly funded collaborative research projects with other industrial and academic partners. One example in the area of [non\\-clinical](/wiki/Pre-clinical_development \"Pre-clinical development\") safety assessment is the [InnoMed PredTox](/wiki/Toxicogenomics%23InnoMed_PredTox \"Toxicogenomics#InnoMed PredTox\"). The company is expanding its activities in joint research projects within the framework of the [Innovative Medicines Initiative](/wiki/Innovative_Medicines_Initiative \"Innovative Medicines Initiative\") of [EFPIA](/wiki/EFPIA \"EFPIA\") and the [European Commission](/wiki/European_Commission \"European Commission\"). On January 11, 2021, Boehringer Ingelheim announced a collaborative agreement with [Google Quantum AI](/wiki/Quantum_Artificial_Intelligence_Lab \"Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab\") (Google), focusing on researching and implementing cutting\\-edge use cases for quantum computing in pharmaceutical research and development (R\\&D), specifically including molecular dynamics simulations. Boehringer Ingelheim is the first pharmaceutical company worldwide to join forces with Google in quantum computing in a newly established Quantum Lab of Boehringer Ingelheim. Boehringer Ingelheim is also a founding member of the Quantum Technology and Application Consortium (QUTAC).\n\n",
"Products\n--------\n\n### Key lines\n\n**Prescription Medicines:**\n* [Actilyse](/wiki/Actilyse \"Actilyse\") ([alteplase](/wiki/Alteplase \"Alteplase\"))\n* Aggrenox ([dipyridamole](/wiki/Dipyridamole \"Dipyridamole\") / [acetylsalicylic acid](/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid \"Acetylsalicylic acid\"))\n* Alna / [Flomax](/wiki/Flomax \"Flomax\") ([tamsulosin](/wiki/Tamsulosin \"Tamsulosin\")) \\[sold to [Sanofi](/wiki/Sanofi \"Sanofi\")]\n* Aptivus ([tipranavir](/wiki/Tipranavir \"Tipranavir\"))\n* Berodual ([ipratropium bromide](/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide \"Ipratropium bromide\") / [fenoterol](/wiki/Fenoterol \"Fenoterol\"))\n* Combivent ([ipratropium bromide](/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide \"Ipratropium bromide\") / [salbutamol](/wiki/Salbutamol \"Salbutamol\"))\n* Cosela ([trilaciclib](/wiki/Trilaciclib \"Trilaciclib\"))\n* Gilotrif / Giotrif ([afatinib](/wiki/Afatinib \"Afatinib\"))\n* Jardiance ([empagliflozin](/wiki/Empagliflozin \"Empagliflozin\"))\n* Jentadueto / TrajentaDuo ([linagliptin](/wiki/Linagliptin \"Linagliptin\") / [metformin](/wiki/Metformin \"Metformin\"))\n* [Metalyse](/wiki/Metalyse \"Metalyse\") ([tenecteplase](/wiki/Tenecteplase \"Tenecteplase\"))\n* Micardis ([telmisartan](/wiki/Telmisartan \"Telmisartan\"))\n* Micardis Plus / Micardis HCT ([telmisartan / hydrochlorothiazide](/wiki/Telmisartan_/_hydrochlorothiazide \"Telmisartan / hydrochlorothiazide\"))\n* Mirapex / Sifrol ([pramipexole](/wiki/Pramipexole \"Pramipexole\"))\n* Ofev / Vargatef ([Nintedanib](/wiki/Nintedanib \"Nintedanib\"))\n* [Mobic](/wiki/Mobic \"Mobic\") / [Movalis](/wiki/Movalis \"Movalis\") ([meloxicam](/wiki/Meloxicam \"Meloxicam\"))\n* Pradaxa ([dabigatran etexilate](/wiki/Dabigatran \"Dabigatran\"))\n* [Spiriva](/wiki/Spiriva \"Spiriva\") ([tiotropium bromide](/wiki/Tiotropium_bromide \"Tiotropium bromide\"))\n* Trajenta / Tradjenta ([linagliptin](/wiki/Linagliptin \"Linagliptin\"))\n* [Twynsta](/wiki/Twynsta \"Twynsta\") (telmisartan / [amlodipine](/wiki/Amlodipine \"Amlodipine\"))\n* Viramune ([nevirapine](/wiki/Nevirapine \"Nevirapine\"))\n\n**Consumer Health Care (sold to [Sanofi](/wiki/Sanofi \"Sanofi\")):**\n* Antistax ([red vine leaf extract](/wiki/Red_vine_leaf_extract \"Red vine leaf extract\"))\n* [Bisolvon](/wiki/Bisolvon \"Bisolvon\") ([bromhexine](/wiki/Bromhexine \"Bromhexine\"))\n* [Buscopan](/wiki/Buscopan \"Buscopan\") / [Buscapina](/wiki/Buscapina \"Buscapina\") ([hyoscine butylbromide](/wiki/Hyoscine_hydrobromide \"Hyoscine hydrobromide\"))\n* [Dulcolax](/wiki/Bisacodyl \"Bisacodyl\") ([bisacodyl](/wiki/Bisacodyl \"Bisacodyl\"))\n* [Zantac](/wiki/Ranitidine \"Ranitidine\") ([ranitidine](/wiki/Ranitidine \"Ranitidine\"))—75 and 150 mg tablets; 300 mg tablets, syrup and solution for injection are manufactured by [GlaxoSmithKline](/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline \"GlaxoSmithKline\")\n* Mucoangin / Mucosolvan ([ambroxol](/wiki/Ambroxol \"Ambroxol\"))\n* [Pharmaton](/wiki/Pharmaton \"Pharmaton\") (standardized ginseng extract, vitamins, minerals, trace elements)\n* Silomat / Bisoltussin / Bisolvon Antitussive ([dextromethorphan](/wiki/Dextromethorphan \"Dextromethorphan\"))\n* Thomapyrin ([acetylsalicylic acid](/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid \"Acetylsalicylic acid\"), [paracetamol](/wiki/Paracetamol \"Paracetamol\"), [caffeine](/wiki/Caffeine \"Caffeine\"))\n* BoxaGrippal ([ibuprofen](/wiki/Ibuprofen \"Ibuprofen\")/[pseudoephedrine](/wiki/Pseudoephedrine \"Pseudoephedrine\"))\n\n**Animal Health:**\n* [CircoFLEX](/wiki/CircoFLEX \"CircoFLEX\") ([porcine circovirus](/wiki/Porcine_circovirus \"Porcine circovirus\") vaccine type 2, killed *Baculovirus* vector)\n* [Duramune](/wiki/Duramune \"Duramune\") (a line of pet vaccines)\\- sold to Elanco U.S.; discontinued in Canada\n* [Metacam](/wiki/Metacam \"Metacam\") ([meloxicam](/wiki/Meloxicam \"Meloxicam\"))\n* [MycoFLEX](/wiki/MycoFLEX \"MycoFLEX\") (*[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae](/wiki/Mycoplasma_hyopneumoniae \"Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae\")* bacterin)\n* [Vetmedin](/wiki/Vetmedin \"Vetmedin\") ([pimobendan](/wiki/Pimobendan \"Pimobendan\"))\n* [Pexion](/wiki/Pexion \"Pexion\") ([imepitoin](/wiki/Imepitoin \"Imepitoin\"))\nAlso in companion animal portfolio: Purevax feline vaccines, Recombitek canine vaccine, Imrab rabies vaccine, NexGard (afoxolaner), NexGard Spectra (afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime), NexGard Combo ([esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel](/wiki/Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel \"Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel\")), Heartgard\\-30 Plus (ivermectin/pyrantel pamoate), Immiticide (melarsomine), Senvelgo (velagliflozin)\n\n### Product pipeline\n\nBoehringer Ingelheim's product pipeline targets [lung disease](/wiki/Lung_disease \"Lung disease\"), [cancer](/wiki/Cancer \"Cancer\"), and [hepatitis C](/wiki/Hepatitis_C \"Hepatitis C\").\n\n Drug Name |\n Description |\n Potential Indication |\n Testing Phase |\n **[Olodaterol](/wiki/Olodaterol \"Olodaterol\")** |\n [Long\\-acting beta\\-agonist](/wiki/Long-acting_beta-agonist \"Long-acting beta-agonist\") |\n [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease](/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease \"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease\") (COPD) |\n Approved |\n **[Tiotropium](/wiki/Tiotropium \"Tiotropium\")** |\n Long acting muscarinic antagonist |\n [Cystic fibrosis](/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis \"Cystic fibrosis\") (CF) / [asthma](/wiki/Asthma \"Asthma\"). Already approved for [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease](/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease \"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease\") (COPD) |\n Approved |\n **[Nintedanib](/wiki/Nintedanib \"Nintedanib\")** |\n Triple angiokinase inhibitor, simultaneously blocks [VEGFR](/wiki/VEGFR \"VEGFR\"), [FGFR](/wiki/FGFR \"FGFR\"), [PDGFR](/wiki/PDGFR \"PDGFR\") |\n [Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis](/wiki/Idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis \"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\") (IPF) / [non\\-small cell lung cancer](/wiki/Non-small_cell_lung_cancer \"Non-small cell lung cancer\") (NSCLC) / [ovarian cancer](/wiki/Ovarian_cancer \"Ovarian cancer\") |\n Phase III |\n **[Afatinib](/wiki/Afatinib \"Afatinib\")** |\n Irreversible [ErbB](/wiki/ErbB \"ErbB\") family blocker |\n [Breast cancer](/wiki/Breast_cancer \"Breast cancer\") / [head and neck cancer](/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer \"Head and neck cancer\"). Already approved for [non\\-small cell lung cancer](/wiki/Non-small_cell_lung_cancer \"Non-small cell lung cancer\") (NSCLC) |\n Phase III |\n **[Volasertib](/wiki/Volasertib \"Volasertib\")** |\n [PLK1](/wiki/PLK1 \"PLK1\") antagonist |\n Various cancer types |\n Phase III |\n **[Deleobuvir](/wiki/Deleobuvir \"Deleobuvir\") (formerly BI 207127\\)** |\n [NS5B](/wiki/NS5B \"NS5B\") RNA\\-dependent polymerase inhibitor |\n [Hepatitis C](/wiki/Hepatitis_C \"Hepatitis C\") |\n Phase III |\n **[Faldaprevir](/wiki/Faldaprevir \"Faldaprevir\") (formerly BI 201335\\)** |\n [NS3](/wiki/NS3_%28HCV%29 \"NS3 (HCV)\")/[4A](/wiki/NS4A \"NS4A\") protease inhibitor |\n [Hepatitis C](/wiki/Hepatitis_C \"Hepatitis C\") |\n Phase III |\n **[Empagliflozin](/wiki/Empagliflozin \"Empagliflozin\")** |\n [SGLT\\-2](/wiki/SGLT-2 \"SGLT-2\")\\-inhibitor |\n [Diabetes mellitus type II](/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_II \"Diabetes mellitus type II\") |\n Approved |\n **[Idarucizumab](/wiki/Idarucizumab \"Idarucizumab\")** |\n Humanized antibody fragment (FAB), specific reversal agent to [dabigatran](/wiki/Dabigatran \"Dabigatran\") |\n Reversal of dabigatran\\-induced [anticoagulation](/wiki/Anticoagulation \"Anticoagulation\") in case of an emergency |\n Phase III |\n\n### Litigation\n\nIn October 2012 Boehringer Ingelheim settled a \"qui tam\" (whistleblower) case with the U.S. government for $95 million alleging \"off\\-label\" marketing of the drugs Aggrenox, Atrovent, Combivent, and Micardis for uses that weren't approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and were not covered by federal health care programs.\n\nIn August 2012, Pradaxa claims filed in the federal court were consolidated in a multi\\-district litigation in the [Southern District of Illinois](/wiki/Southern_District_of_Illinois \"Southern District of Illinois\") before Chief Judge David R. Herndon. On 28 May 2014, a $650 million settlement was announced on behalf of approximately 3,900 claimants who were injured by the drug Pradaxa made by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The drug is alleged to cause severe bleeding events and/or hemorrhaging to those who were taking the drug.\n\nIn October 2023 Boehringer Ingelheim was ordered to pay a 10 million [Euro](/wiki/Euro \"Euro\") fine for illegal [price fixing](/wiki/Price_fixing \"Price fixing\") that had gone on globally over a period of nearly fifteen years. Boehringer bears the largest share of an [antitrust](/wiki/AntiTrust \"AntiTrust\") fine totaling € 13\\.4 million. Anyone affected by its anti\\-competitive behavior may claim damages, [competition regulators](/wiki/Competition_regulator \"Competition regulator\") stressed.\n\n",
"### Key lines\n\n**Prescription Medicines:**\n* [Actilyse](/wiki/Actilyse \"Actilyse\") ([alteplase](/wiki/Alteplase \"Alteplase\"))\n* Aggrenox ([dipyridamole](/wiki/Dipyridamole \"Dipyridamole\") / [acetylsalicylic acid](/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid \"Acetylsalicylic acid\"))\n* Alna / [Flomax](/wiki/Flomax \"Flomax\") ([tamsulosin](/wiki/Tamsulosin \"Tamsulosin\")) \\[sold to [Sanofi](/wiki/Sanofi \"Sanofi\")]\n* Aptivus ([tipranavir](/wiki/Tipranavir \"Tipranavir\"))\n* Berodual ([ipratropium bromide](/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide \"Ipratropium bromide\") / [fenoterol](/wiki/Fenoterol \"Fenoterol\"))\n* Combivent ([ipratropium bromide](/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide \"Ipratropium bromide\") / [salbutamol](/wiki/Salbutamol \"Salbutamol\"))\n* Cosela ([trilaciclib](/wiki/Trilaciclib \"Trilaciclib\"))\n* Gilotrif / Giotrif ([afatinib](/wiki/Afatinib \"Afatinib\"))\n* Jardiance ([empagliflozin](/wiki/Empagliflozin \"Empagliflozin\"))\n* Jentadueto / TrajentaDuo ([linagliptin](/wiki/Linagliptin \"Linagliptin\") / [metformin](/wiki/Metformin \"Metformin\"))\n* [Metalyse](/wiki/Metalyse \"Metalyse\") ([tenecteplase](/wiki/Tenecteplase \"Tenecteplase\"))\n* Micardis ([telmisartan](/wiki/Telmisartan \"Telmisartan\"))\n* Micardis Plus / Micardis HCT ([telmisartan / hydrochlorothiazide](/wiki/Telmisartan_/_hydrochlorothiazide \"Telmisartan / hydrochlorothiazide\"))\n* Mirapex / Sifrol ([pramipexole](/wiki/Pramipexole \"Pramipexole\"))\n* Ofev / Vargatef ([Nintedanib](/wiki/Nintedanib \"Nintedanib\"))\n* [Mobic](/wiki/Mobic \"Mobic\") / [Movalis](/wiki/Movalis \"Movalis\") ([meloxicam](/wiki/Meloxicam \"Meloxicam\"))\n* Pradaxa ([dabigatran etexilate](/wiki/Dabigatran \"Dabigatran\"))\n* [Spiriva](/wiki/Spiriva \"Spiriva\") ([tiotropium bromide](/wiki/Tiotropium_bromide \"Tiotropium bromide\"))\n* Trajenta / Tradjenta ([linagliptin](/wiki/Linagliptin \"Linagliptin\"))\n* [Twynsta](/wiki/Twynsta \"Twynsta\") (telmisartan / [amlodipine](/wiki/Amlodipine \"Amlodipine\"))\n* Viramune ([nevirapine](/wiki/Nevirapine \"Nevirapine\"))\n\n**Consumer Health Care (sold to [Sanofi](/wiki/Sanofi \"Sanofi\")):**\n* Antistax ([red vine leaf extract](/wiki/Red_vine_leaf_extract \"Red vine leaf extract\"))\n* [Bisolvon](/wiki/Bisolvon \"Bisolvon\") ([bromhexine](/wiki/Bromhexine \"Bromhexine\"))\n* [Buscopan](/wiki/Buscopan \"Buscopan\") / [Buscapina](/wiki/Buscapina \"Buscapina\") ([hyoscine butylbromide](/wiki/Hyoscine_hydrobromide \"Hyoscine hydrobromide\"))\n* [Dulcolax](/wiki/Bisacodyl \"Bisacodyl\") ([bisacodyl](/wiki/Bisacodyl \"Bisacodyl\"))\n* [Zantac](/wiki/Ranitidine \"Ranitidine\") ([ranitidine](/wiki/Ranitidine \"Ranitidine\"))—75 and 150 mg tablets; 300 mg tablets, syrup and solution for injection are manufactured by [GlaxoSmithKline](/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline \"GlaxoSmithKline\")\n* Mucoangin / Mucosolvan ([ambroxol](/wiki/Ambroxol \"Ambroxol\"))\n* [Pharmaton](/wiki/Pharmaton \"Pharmaton\") (standardized ginseng extract, vitamins, minerals, trace elements)\n* Silomat / Bisoltussin / Bisolvon Antitussive ([dextromethorphan](/wiki/Dextromethorphan \"Dextromethorphan\"))\n* Thomapyrin ([acetylsalicylic acid](/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid \"Acetylsalicylic acid\"), [paracetamol](/wiki/Paracetamol \"Paracetamol\"), [caffeine](/wiki/Caffeine \"Caffeine\"))\n* BoxaGrippal ([ibuprofen](/wiki/Ibuprofen \"Ibuprofen\")/[pseudoephedrine](/wiki/Pseudoephedrine \"Pseudoephedrine\"))\n\n**Animal Health:**\n* [CircoFLEX](/wiki/CircoFLEX \"CircoFLEX\") ([porcine circovirus](/wiki/Porcine_circovirus \"Porcine circovirus\") vaccine type 2, killed *Baculovirus* vector)\n* [Duramune](/wiki/Duramune \"Duramune\") (a line of pet vaccines)\\- sold to Elanco U.S.; discontinued in Canada\n* [Metacam](/wiki/Metacam \"Metacam\") ([meloxicam](/wiki/Meloxicam \"Meloxicam\"))\n* [MycoFLEX](/wiki/MycoFLEX \"MycoFLEX\") (*[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae](/wiki/Mycoplasma_hyopneumoniae \"Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae\")* bacterin)\n* [Vetmedin](/wiki/Vetmedin \"Vetmedin\") ([pimobendan](/wiki/Pimobendan \"Pimobendan\"))\n* [Pexion](/wiki/Pexion \"Pexion\") ([imepitoin](/wiki/Imepitoin \"Imepitoin\"))\nAlso in companion animal portfolio: Purevax feline vaccines, Recombitek canine vaccine, Imrab rabies vaccine, NexGard (afoxolaner), NexGard Spectra (afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime), NexGard Combo ([esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel](/wiki/Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel \"Esafoxolaner/eprinomectin/praziquantel\")), Heartgard\\-30 Plus (ivermectin/pyrantel pamoate), Immiticide (melarsomine), Senvelgo (velagliflozin)\n\n",
"### Product pipeline\n\nBoehringer Ingelheim's product pipeline targets [lung disease](/wiki/Lung_disease \"Lung disease\"), [cancer](/wiki/Cancer \"Cancer\"), and [hepatitis C](/wiki/Hepatitis_C \"Hepatitis C\").\n\n Drug Name |\n Description |\n Potential Indication |\n Testing Phase |\n **[Olodaterol](/wiki/Olodaterol \"Olodaterol\")** |\n [Long\\-acting beta\\-agonist](/wiki/Long-acting_beta-agonist \"Long-acting beta-agonist\") |\n [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease](/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease \"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease\") (COPD) |\n Approved |\n **[Tiotropium](/wiki/Tiotropium \"Tiotropium\")** |\n Long acting muscarinic antagonist |\n [Cystic fibrosis](/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis \"Cystic fibrosis\") (CF) / [asthma](/wiki/Asthma \"Asthma\"). Already approved for [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease](/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease \"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease\") (COPD) |\n Approved |\n **[Nintedanib](/wiki/Nintedanib \"Nintedanib\")** |\n Triple angiokinase inhibitor, simultaneously blocks [VEGFR](/wiki/VEGFR \"VEGFR\"), [FGFR](/wiki/FGFR \"FGFR\"), [PDGFR](/wiki/PDGFR \"PDGFR\") |\n [Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis](/wiki/Idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis \"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\") (IPF) / [non\\-small cell lung cancer](/wiki/Non-small_cell_lung_cancer \"Non-small cell lung cancer\") (NSCLC) / [ovarian cancer](/wiki/Ovarian_cancer \"Ovarian cancer\") |\n Phase III |\n **[Afatinib](/wiki/Afatinib \"Afatinib\")** |\n Irreversible [ErbB](/wiki/ErbB \"ErbB\") family blocker |\n [Breast cancer](/wiki/Breast_cancer \"Breast cancer\") / [head and neck cancer](/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer \"Head and neck cancer\"). Already approved for [non\\-small cell lung cancer](/wiki/Non-small_cell_lung_cancer \"Non-small cell lung cancer\") (NSCLC) |\n Phase III |\n **[Volasertib](/wiki/Volasertib \"Volasertib\")** |\n [PLK1](/wiki/PLK1 \"PLK1\") antagonist |\n Various cancer types |\n Phase III |\n **[Deleobuvir](/wiki/Deleobuvir \"Deleobuvir\") (formerly BI 207127\\)** |\n [NS5B](/wiki/NS5B \"NS5B\") RNA\\-dependent polymerase inhibitor |\n [Hepatitis C](/wiki/Hepatitis_C \"Hepatitis C\") |\n Phase III |\n **[Faldaprevir](/wiki/Faldaprevir \"Faldaprevir\") (formerly BI 201335\\)** |\n [NS3](/wiki/NS3_%28HCV%29 \"NS3 (HCV)\")/[4A](/wiki/NS4A \"NS4A\") protease inhibitor |\n [Hepatitis C](/wiki/Hepatitis_C \"Hepatitis C\") |\n Phase III |\n **[Empagliflozin](/wiki/Empagliflozin \"Empagliflozin\")** |\n [SGLT\\-2](/wiki/SGLT-2 \"SGLT-2\")\\-inhibitor |\n [Diabetes mellitus type II](/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_II \"Diabetes mellitus type II\") |\n Approved |\n **[Idarucizumab](/wiki/Idarucizumab \"Idarucizumab\")** |\n Humanized antibody fragment (FAB), specific reversal agent to [dabigatran](/wiki/Dabigatran \"Dabigatran\") |\n Reversal of dabigatran\\-induced [anticoagulation](/wiki/Anticoagulation \"Anticoagulation\") in case of an emergency |\n Phase III |\n\n",
"### Litigation\n\nIn October 2012 Boehringer Ingelheim settled a \"qui tam\" (whistleblower) case with the U.S. government for $95 million alleging \"off\\-label\" marketing of the drugs Aggrenox, Atrovent, Combivent, and Micardis for uses that weren't approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and were not covered by federal health care programs.\n\nIn August 2012, Pradaxa claims filed in the federal court were consolidated in a multi\\-district litigation in the [Southern District of Illinois](/wiki/Southern_District_of_Illinois \"Southern District of Illinois\") before Chief Judge David R. Herndon. On 28 May 2014, a $650 million settlement was announced on behalf of approximately 3,900 claimants who were injured by the drug Pradaxa made by Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The drug is alleged to cause severe bleeding events and/or hemorrhaging to those who were taking the drug.\n\nIn October 2023 Boehringer Ingelheim was ordered to pay a 10 million [Euro](/wiki/Euro \"Euro\") fine for illegal [price fixing](/wiki/Price_fixing \"Price fixing\") that had gone on globally over a period of nearly fifteen years. Boehringer bears the largest share of an [antitrust](/wiki/AntiTrust \"AntiTrust\") fine totaling € 13\\.4 million. Anyone affected by its anti\\-competitive behavior may claim damages, [competition regulators](/wiki/Competition_regulator \"Competition regulator\") stressed.\n\n",
"Ownership and leadership\n------------------------\n\nAs a private company, Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) is not required to disclose detailed financial information publicly; the owners have considered an [IPO](/wiki/Initial_public_offering \"Initial public offering\") and ruled it out. In 2006, the Chairman of the Shareholders’ Committee Dr Heribert Johann retired and Christian Boehringer took over the position as [chairperson](/wiki/Chairperson \"Chairperson\") of the [board of directors](/wiki/Board_of_directors \"Board of directors\"). As of 2018 Christian Boehringer remains in this position. In 2015, then\\-CFO [Hubertus von Baumbach](/wiki/Hubertus_von_Baumbach \"Hubertus von Baumbach\") took over the position of Chairman of the Board of Managing Directors, a [CEO](/wiki/Chief_executive_officer \"Chief executive officer\") position, to replace Andreas Barner who had taken the position in 2009\\.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Robert Boehringer](/wiki/Robert_Boehringer \"Robert Boehringer\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Biotechnology companies of Germany](/wiki/Category:Biotechnology_companies_of_Germany \"Biotechnology companies of Germany\")\n[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in Germany](/wiki/Category:Multinational_companies_headquartered_in_Germany \"Multinational companies headquartered in Germany\")\n[Category:Companies based in Rhineland\\-Palatinate](/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Rhineland-Palatinate \"Companies based in Rhineland-Palatinate\")\n[Category:German brands](/wiki/Category:German_brands \"German brands\")\n[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Germany](/wiki/Category:Pharmaceutical_companies_of_Germany \"Pharmaceutical companies of Germany\")\n[Category:Chemical companies of Germany](/wiki/Category:Chemical_companies_of_Germany \"Chemical companies of Germany\")\n[Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 1885](/wiki/Category:Pharmaceutical_companies_established_in_1885 \"Pharmaceutical companies established in 1885\")\n[Category:German companies established in 1885](/wiki/Category:German_companies_established_in_1885 \"German companies established in 1885\")\n[Category:Medical and health organisations based in Rhineland\\-Palatinate](/wiki/Category:Medical_and_health_organisations_based_in_Rhineland-Palatinate \"Medical and health organisations based in Rhineland-Palatinate\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Dorinish
|
{
"id": [
45853341
],
"name": [
"Salmoonlight"
]
}
|
1w8dmvgfqi1ty1jyux3xoyr79bmjn94
|
2024-04-30T00:57:55Z
| 1,215,460,954 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"John Lennon purchase and Hippie Commune",
"Demographics",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Dorinish** ([Irish](/wiki/Irish_language \"Irish language\"): *Deoirinis*) is an uninhabited [island](/wiki/Island \"Island\") in [Clew Bay](/wiki/Clew_Bay \"Clew Bay\") in [County Mayo](/wiki/County_Mayo \"County Mayo\"), [Ireland](/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland \"Republic of Ireland\"). During the 1970s it was briefly inhabited by [Hippies](/wiki/Hippies \"Hippies\") who established a commune there under the patronage of the island's then owner [John Lennon](/wiki/John_Lennon \"John Lennon\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Artists on Dorinish island, summer 2011](/wiki/File:Aerialblue9.jpg \"Aerialblue9.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|Map of Dorinish Island](/wiki/File:Map_of_Dorinish_Island.jpg \"Map of Dorinish Island.jpg\")\n### John Lennon purchase and Hippie Commune\n\nThe island was previously owned by John Lennon, who purchased the island in 1967 for £1,700\\. Previously used by sailing ships for its stones, the island became a place of peace for Lennon and his family. After his divorce from wife [Cynthia](/wiki/Cynthia_Powell \"Cynthia Powell\"), the island went unused until Lennon invited \"King of the [Hippies](/wiki/Hippies \"Hippies\")\" [Sid Rawle](/wiki/Sid_Rawle \"Sid Rawle\") and Timi Walsh to establish a [commune](/wiki/Commune_%28intentional_community%29 \"Commune (intentional community)\") on the island in 1970\\. For the next two years, a group of roughly 25 [hippies](/wiki/Hippies \"Hippies\") called Dorinish home, [growing their own vegetables](/wiki/Vegetable_farming \"Vegetable farming\") and raising children. They called themselves 'the [Diggers](/wiki/Diggers \"Diggers\")' and Rawle would later say \"Dorinish was heaven and it was hell\".\n\nIn 1972 a fire burned down the island's supply tent and the commune disbanded. After Lennon's death, [Yoko Ono](/wiki/Yoko_Ono \"Yoko Ono\") sold the island for nearly £30,000 and donated the proceeds to an Irish orphanage. Dorinish is now used as a grazing site for livestock and is sometimes visited by enthusiastic Beatles fans. An artists' summer school \"Aerial Blue\" was held on the island in July 2011\\.\n\n",
"### John Lennon purchase and Hippie Commune\n\nThe island was previously owned by John Lennon, who purchased the island in 1967 for £1,700\\. Previously used by sailing ships for its stones, the island became a place of peace for Lennon and his family. After his divorce from wife [Cynthia](/wiki/Cynthia_Powell \"Cynthia Powell\"), the island went unused until Lennon invited \"King of the [Hippies](/wiki/Hippies \"Hippies\")\" [Sid Rawle](/wiki/Sid_Rawle \"Sid Rawle\") and Timi Walsh to establish a [commune](/wiki/Commune_%28intentional_community%29 \"Commune (intentional community)\") on the island in 1970\\. For the next two years, a group of roughly 25 [hippies](/wiki/Hippies \"Hippies\") called Dorinish home, [growing their own vegetables](/wiki/Vegetable_farming \"Vegetable farming\") and raising children. They called themselves 'the [Diggers](/wiki/Diggers \"Diggers\")' and Rawle would later say \"Dorinish was heaven and it was hell\".\n\nIn 1972 a fire burned down the island's supply tent and the commune disbanded. After Lennon's death, [Yoko Ono](/wiki/Yoko_Ono \"Yoko Ono\") sold the island for nearly £30,000 and donated the proceeds to an Irish orphanage. Dorinish is now used as a grazing site for livestock and is sometimes visited by enthusiastic Beatles fans. An artists' summer school \"Aerial Blue\" was held on the island in July 2011\\.\n\n",
"Demographics\n------------\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of islands of County Mayo](/wiki/List_of_islands_of_County_Mayo \"List of islands of County Mayo\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Westport Residents Reject Hippie Way of Life 1971 \\- RTE Archives including interview with Sid Rawle](http://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/0107/758290-hippies-in-county-mayo/)\n* [Dorinish: Dot Jarlett archive \\- excerpts from Sunday Independent and George A. Birmingham on \"Inishbawn\"](http://kenwoodlennon.blogspot.co.uk/2016/01/dorinish-dot-jarlett-archive.html)\n* [Information on Dorinish](https://web.archive.org/web/20090923003157/http://www.iol.ie/~beatlesireland/Irish%20Stories/dorinishisland1.html)\n* [Further Information](https://web.archive.org/web/20090310163959/http://www.spunout.ie/mag/Music/Dorinish-Island)\n\n[Category:Islands of County Mayo](/wiki/Category:Islands_of_County_Mayo \"Islands of County Mayo\")\n[Category:Private islands of Ireland](/wiki/Category:Private_islands_of_Ireland \"Private islands of Ireland\")\n[Category:Uninhabited islands of Ireland](/wiki/Category:Uninhabited_islands_of_Ireland \"Uninhabited islands of Ireland\")\n[Category:Communes](/wiki/Category:Communes \"Communes\")\n[Category:Intentional communities in Ireland](/wiki/Category:Intentional_communities_in_Ireland \"Intentional communities in Ireland\")\n\n"
]
}
|
College of Psychic Studies
|
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3492060
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"name": [
"Natg 19"
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|
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2024-03-26T01:02:26Z
| 1,203,506,854 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"British National Association of Spiritualists",
"London Spiritualist Alliance",
"College of Psychic Studies",
"Publications",
"Books",
"Notable historical members",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
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"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|The College building on Queensberry Place](/wiki/File:College_of_Psychic_Studies_%288012376197%29.jpg \"College of Psychic Studies (8012376197).jpg\")\nThe **College of Psychic Studies** (founded in 1884 as the London Spiritualist Alliance) is a non\\-profit organisation based in [South Kensington](/wiki/South_Kensington \"South Kensington\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"). It is dedicated to the study of [psychic](/wiki/Psychic \"Psychic\") and [spiritualist](/wiki/Spiritualism_%28movement%29 \"Spiritualism (movement)\") phenomena.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### British National Association of Spiritualists\n\nIn August 1873, the British National Association of Spiritualists (BNAS) was formed by [Thomas Everitt](/wiki/Thomas_Everitt \"Thomas Everitt\"), [Edmund Rogers](/wiki/Edmund_Rogers \"Edmund Rogers\") and others at a meeting in [Liverpool](/wiki/Liverpool \"Liverpool\").[Oppenheim, Janet](/wiki/Janet_Oppenheim \"Janet Oppenheim\"). (1988\\). *The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850\\-1914*. Cambridge University Press. p. 53\\. \"The British National Association of Spiritualists emerged from a meeting in Liverpool, in August 1873, sponsored by the local Psychological Society. Attendance was not confined to spiritualists from the immediate area, and among the participants were W. H. Harrison and Thomas Everitt from London. The meeting heard several papers advocating the benefits of national organization for the expansion and consolidation of British spiritualism, and these arguments carried the day. The conference resolved to form a national association, and initiative then passed to London, where the following year the BNAS commenced its activities. From 1875, it was comfortably housed at 38 Great Russell Street, the scene of its numerous stances, both public and private, committee meetings, lectures, and social gatherings.\"Lavoie, Jeffrey D. (2014\\). *Search for Meaning in Victorian Religion: The Spiritual Journey and Esoteric Teachings of Charles Carleton Massey*. Lehigh University Press. pp. 19\\-20\\. \n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|[William Stainton Moses](/wiki/William_Stainton_Moses \"William Stainton Moses\"), founder of the London Spiritualist Alliance.](/wiki/File:William_Stainton_Moses_Photograph.png \"William Stainton Moses Photograph.png\")\nEarly members included well known spiritualists such as [Charles Maurice Davies](/wiki/Charles_Maurice_Davies \"Charles Maurice Davies\"), [Charles Isham](/wiki/Charles_Isham \"Charles Isham\"), [William Stainton Moses](/wiki/William_Stainton_Moses \"William Stainton Moses\"), [Stanhope Templeman Speer](/wiki/Stanhope_Templeman_Speer \"Stanhope Templeman Speer\"), [Morell Theobald](/wiki/Morell_Theobald \"Morell Theobald\") and [George Wyld](/wiki/George_Wyld \"George Wyld\").[Spence, Lewis](/wiki/Lewis_Spence \"Lewis Spence\"). (2006 edition, originally published 1920\\). *An Encyclopaedia of Occultism*. Cosimo. p. 80\\. The BNAS carried out experimental [séances](/wiki/S%C3%A9ance \"Séance\") and investigations into mediumship. It held no dogmatic religious views but was known for \"sympathising with the religion of Jesus Christ\".\n[right\\|thumb\\|Member list for the London Spiritualist Alliance in March 1884\\.](/wiki/File:London_Spiritualist_Alliance_member_list.png \"London Spiritualist Alliance member list.png\")\n\nThe first public meeting of the BNAS took place on 16 April 1874 under the chairmanship of [Samuel Carter Hall](/wiki/Samuel_Carter_Hall \"Samuel Carter Hall\").[Podmore, Frank](/wiki/Frank_Podmore \"Frank Podmore\"). (2011 edition, originally published 1902\\). *Modern Spiritualism: A History and a Criticism. Volume 2*. Cambridge University Press. p. 169\\. By 1875 the BNAS had over 400 members. Its headquarters moved to [Great Russell Street](/wiki/Great_Russell_Street \"Great Russell Street\"), London. In 1879 the German astrophysicist [Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner](/wiki/Johann_Karl_Friedrich_Z%C3%B6llner \"Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner\") became an honorary member.Lavoie, Jeffrey D. (2014\\). *Search for Meaning in Victorian Religion: The Spiritual Journey and Esoteric Teachings of Charles Carleton Massey*. Lehigh University Press. p. 61\\. \n\nWilliam Henry Harrison and his colleagues from the \"Scientific Research Committee\" of the BNAS were involved in experiments that weighed mediums during materialization séances.Noakes, Richard J. *Instruments to Lay Hold of Spirits: Technologizing the Bodies of Victorian Spiritualism*. In Iwan Rhys Morus. (2002\\). *Bodies/Machines*. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 125\\-163\\. Specially built self\\-recording instruments were used. This was considered controversial and not all members agreed in conducting such experiments. In 1872, Harrison also caused controversy in the spiritualist community by exposing the fraud of spirit photographer [Frederick Hudson](/wiki/Frederick_Hudson_%28photographer%29 \"Frederick Hudson (photographer)\"). In 1875, Harrison with [C. F. Varley](/wiki/C._F._Varley \"C. F. Varley\") conducted an unsuccessful experiment in photographing the alleged [Odic force](/wiki/Odic_force \"Odic force\") of [Carl Reichenbach](/wiki/Carl_Reichenbach \"Carl Reichenbach\").\n\nThere was a large dispute between Moses and Harrison over its leadership council. Harrison was expelled from the BNAS. In April 1879, [Charles Massey](/wiki/Charles_Massey \"Charles Massey\") a vice\\-president resigned, as did Moses on 31 December 1880\\. In 1882, the BNAS changed name to the Central Association of Spiritualists (CAS). The remaining members such as vice\\-president Edmund Rogers, one of Moses's loyal supporters tried to reconstruct the society.[Oppenheim, Janet](/wiki/Janet_Oppenheim \"Janet Oppenheim\"). (1988\\). *The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850\\-1914*. Cambridge University Press. pp. 55\\-57\\. However, internal conflict between members and financial problems caused the group to dissolve.\n\n### London Spiritualist Alliance\n\nIn October 1883 a special conference was set up to discuss the ideas of Moses to form a new society.Nelson, G. K. (2013\\). *Spiritualism and Society*. p. 110\\. Routledge. In March 1884, Moses and others formed the London Spiritualist Alliance (LSA). The first meeting was held on 5 May at the banqueting room in [St James's Hall](/wiki/St_James%27s_Hall \"St James's Hall\"). Moses was president and members included [John Stephen Farmer](/wiki/John_Stephen_Farmer \"John Stephen Farmer\"), Massey, Rogers, Stanhope Templeman Speer, [Alaric Alfred Watts](/wiki/Alaric_Alfred_Watts \"Alaric Alfred Watts\") and [Percy Wyndham](/wiki/Percy_Wyndham_%281835%E2%80%931911%29 \"Percy Wyndham (1835–1911)\"). After Moses died in 1892, Rogers became the president. The LSA obtained a wider membership under the leadership of Rogers including notable figures such as [Alfred Russel Wallace](/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace \"Alfred Russel Wallace\").\n\nIn 1886, [Eleanor Sidgwick](/wiki/Eleanor_Mildred_Sidgwick \"Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick\") from the [Society for Psychical Research](/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research \"Society for Psychical Research\") (SPR) claimed that the medium [William Eglinton](/wiki/William_Eglinton \"William Eglinton\") was fraudulent. Members from the LSA and articles in the journal *Light* supported Eglinton and accused Sidgwick of bias and prejudice. Some spiritualist members resigned from the SPR.[Luckhurst, Roger](/wiki/Roger_Luckhurst \"Roger Luckhurst\"). (2002\\). *The Invention of Telepathy, 1870\\-1901*. Oxford University Press. p. 57\\. \n\nIn 1925, [Arthur Conan Doyle](/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle \"Arthur Conan Doyle\") became president and the LSA bought a new headquarters at Queensberry Place, South Kensington.[Lycett, Andrew](/wiki/Andrew_Lycett \"Andrew Lycett\"). (2008\\). *The Man Who Created Sherlock Holmes: The Life and Times of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle*. Free Press. p. 434\\. \"Having benefited from a memorial fund for the war dead, the London Spiritualist Alliance had bought a new headquarters in Queensberry Place, South Kensington. With Arthur as its president beginning in 1925, it held a three\\-day bazaar at Caxton Hall in May, raising 1,000 pounds to renovate and furnish the place. It also rented out its top floor to Harry Price, thus giving him a permanent location for his National Laboratory for Psychical Research.\"\n\nBetween October 1930 and June 1931 the [materialization](/wiki/Materialization_%28paranormal%29 \"Materialization (paranormal)\") medium [Helen Duncan](/wiki/Helen_Duncan \"Helen Duncan\") was investigated by the LSA. Despite early favourable reports, an examination of Duncan's [ectoplasm](/wiki/Ectoplasm_%28paranormal%29 \"Ectoplasm (paranormal)\") revealed it was made of [cheesecloth](/wiki/Cheesecloth \"Cheesecloth\"), paper mixed with the white of egg and lavatory paper stuck together. One of Duncan's tricks was to swallow and regurgitate some of her ectoplasm and she was persuaded to swallow a tablet of [methylene blue](/wiki/Methylene_blue \"Methylene blue\") before one of her séances to rule out any chance of this trick being performed and because of this no ectoplasm appeared.Haynes, Renée. (1982\\). *The Society for Psychical Research 1882\\-1982: A History*. MacDonald \\& Co. p. 144\\. \"The London Spiritualist Alliance had fifty sittings with her between October 1930 and June 1931; for these sittings she was stripped, searched and dressed in 'seance garments'. Two interim reports in *Light* were favorable, a third found indications of fraud. Pieces of 'ectoplasm' found from time to time differed in composition. Two early specimens consisted of paper or cloth mixed with something like white of egg. Two others were pads of surgical gauze soaked in 'a resinous fluid'; yet another consisted of layers of lavatory paper stuck together. The most usual material for 'ectoplasm' however, seemed to be butter muslin or cheesecloth, probably swallowed and regurgitated. Distressing choking noises were sometimes heard from within the cabinet; and it was interesting that when she was persuaded to swallow a tablet of methylene blue before one of the seances at the London Spiritualist Alliance, no ectoplasm whatsoever appeared.\" The journal *Light* endorsed the court decision that Duncan was fraudulent and supported [Harry Price](/wiki/Harry_Price \"Harry Price\")'s investigation that revealed her ectoplasm was cheesecloth.Hazelgrove, Jenny. (2000\\). *Spiritualism and British Society Between the Wars*. Manchester University Press. p. 279\\. \n\n### College of Psychic Studies\n\nIn 1955 the LSA changed its name to the College of Psychic Science. In 1970 it became the College of Psychic Studies.[Rosemary Guiley](/wiki/Rosemary_Ellen_Guiley \"Rosemary Ellen Guiley\"). (1994\\). *The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits*. Guinness World Records Limited. p. 125\\. p. 334\\. Fichman, Martin. (2004\\). *An Elusive Victorian: The Evolution of Alfred Russel Wallace*. University Of Chicago Press. p. 191\\. Byrne, Georgina. (2010\\). *Modern Spiritualism and the Church of England, 1850\\-1939*. Boydell Press. pp. 60\\-62\\. \n\nAccording to psychical researcher Simeon Edmunds, by the 1955 name change there was \"no doubt that from that time onwards the society was no longer a spiritualist one\" as it was accepting non\\-spiritualist members and held no corporate opinion on the question of survival.Edmunds, Simeon. (1966\\). *Spiritualism: A Critical Survey*. Aquarian Press. p. 72\\. In the 1960s, after a revival in spiritualism, the college associated itself with the Society for Psychical Research, collecting thousands of case files.[\"Paul Beard\"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1397313/Paul-Beard.html). *The Telegraph*.\n\n[Paul Beard](/wiki/Paul_Beard_%28spiritualist%29 \"Paul Beard (spiritualist)\") was the president of the college for 16 years. In 2006, the college offered twelve courses on psychic abilities.\n\nIn April 2021 The College re\\-launched their website with an expanded programme of online courses, talks and events able to be completed online. Their current president, Geoffrey Dart C.B.E, references this being partly in response to the challenges of running in\\-person events during the Covid\\-19 pandemic. \n\n",
"### British National Association of Spiritualists\n\nIn August 1873, the British National Association of Spiritualists (BNAS) was formed by [Thomas Everitt](/wiki/Thomas_Everitt \"Thomas Everitt\"), [Edmund Rogers](/wiki/Edmund_Rogers \"Edmund Rogers\") and others at a meeting in [Liverpool](/wiki/Liverpool \"Liverpool\").[Oppenheim, Janet](/wiki/Janet_Oppenheim \"Janet Oppenheim\"). (1988\\). *The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850\\-1914*. Cambridge University Press. p. 53\\. \"The British National Association of Spiritualists emerged from a meeting in Liverpool, in August 1873, sponsored by the local Psychological Society. Attendance was not confined to spiritualists from the immediate area, and among the participants were W. H. Harrison and Thomas Everitt from London. The meeting heard several papers advocating the benefits of national organization for the expansion and consolidation of British spiritualism, and these arguments carried the day. The conference resolved to form a national association, and initiative then passed to London, where the following year the BNAS commenced its activities. From 1875, it was comfortably housed at 38 Great Russell Street, the scene of its numerous stances, both public and private, committee meetings, lectures, and social gatherings.\"Lavoie, Jeffrey D. (2014\\). *Search for Meaning in Victorian Religion: The Spiritual Journey and Esoteric Teachings of Charles Carleton Massey*. Lehigh University Press. pp. 19\\-20\\. \n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|[William Stainton Moses](/wiki/William_Stainton_Moses \"William Stainton Moses\"), founder of the London Spiritualist Alliance.](/wiki/File:William_Stainton_Moses_Photograph.png \"William Stainton Moses Photograph.png\")\nEarly members included well known spiritualists such as [Charles Maurice Davies](/wiki/Charles_Maurice_Davies \"Charles Maurice Davies\"), [Charles Isham](/wiki/Charles_Isham \"Charles Isham\"), [William Stainton Moses](/wiki/William_Stainton_Moses \"William Stainton Moses\"), [Stanhope Templeman Speer](/wiki/Stanhope_Templeman_Speer \"Stanhope Templeman Speer\"), [Morell Theobald](/wiki/Morell_Theobald \"Morell Theobald\") and [George Wyld](/wiki/George_Wyld \"George Wyld\").[Spence, Lewis](/wiki/Lewis_Spence \"Lewis Spence\"). (2006 edition, originally published 1920\\). *An Encyclopaedia of Occultism*. Cosimo. p. 80\\. The BNAS carried out experimental [séances](/wiki/S%C3%A9ance \"Séance\") and investigations into mediumship. It held no dogmatic religious views but was known for \"sympathising with the religion of Jesus Christ\".\n[right\\|thumb\\|Member list for the London Spiritualist Alliance in March 1884\\.](/wiki/File:London_Spiritualist_Alliance_member_list.png \"London Spiritualist Alliance member list.png\")\n\nThe first public meeting of the BNAS took place on 16 April 1874 under the chairmanship of [Samuel Carter Hall](/wiki/Samuel_Carter_Hall \"Samuel Carter Hall\").[Podmore, Frank](/wiki/Frank_Podmore \"Frank Podmore\"). (2011 edition, originally published 1902\\). *Modern Spiritualism: A History and a Criticism. Volume 2*. Cambridge University Press. p. 169\\. By 1875 the BNAS had over 400 members. Its headquarters moved to [Great Russell Street](/wiki/Great_Russell_Street \"Great Russell Street\"), London. In 1879 the German astrophysicist [Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner](/wiki/Johann_Karl_Friedrich_Z%C3%B6llner \"Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner\") became an honorary member.Lavoie, Jeffrey D. (2014\\). *Search for Meaning in Victorian Religion: The Spiritual Journey and Esoteric Teachings of Charles Carleton Massey*. Lehigh University Press. p. 61\\. \n\nWilliam Henry Harrison and his colleagues from the \"Scientific Research Committee\" of the BNAS were involved in experiments that weighed mediums during materialization séances.Noakes, Richard J. *Instruments to Lay Hold of Spirits: Technologizing the Bodies of Victorian Spiritualism*. In Iwan Rhys Morus. (2002\\). *Bodies/Machines*. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 125\\-163\\. Specially built self\\-recording instruments were used. This was considered controversial and not all members agreed in conducting such experiments. In 1872, Harrison also caused controversy in the spiritualist community by exposing the fraud of spirit photographer [Frederick Hudson](/wiki/Frederick_Hudson_%28photographer%29 \"Frederick Hudson (photographer)\"). In 1875, Harrison with [C. F. Varley](/wiki/C._F._Varley \"C. F. Varley\") conducted an unsuccessful experiment in photographing the alleged [Odic force](/wiki/Odic_force \"Odic force\") of [Carl Reichenbach](/wiki/Carl_Reichenbach \"Carl Reichenbach\").\n\nThere was a large dispute between Moses and Harrison over its leadership council. Harrison was expelled from the BNAS. In April 1879, [Charles Massey](/wiki/Charles_Massey \"Charles Massey\") a vice\\-president resigned, as did Moses on 31 December 1880\\. In 1882, the BNAS changed name to the Central Association of Spiritualists (CAS). The remaining members such as vice\\-president Edmund Rogers, one of Moses's loyal supporters tried to reconstruct the society.[Oppenheim, Janet](/wiki/Janet_Oppenheim \"Janet Oppenheim\"). (1988\\). *The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850\\-1914*. Cambridge University Press. pp. 55\\-57\\. However, internal conflict between members and financial problems caused the group to dissolve.\n\n",
"### London Spiritualist Alliance\n\nIn October 1883 a special conference was set up to discuss the ideas of Moses to form a new society.Nelson, G. K. (2013\\). *Spiritualism and Society*. p. 110\\. Routledge. In March 1884, Moses and others formed the London Spiritualist Alliance (LSA). The first meeting was held on 5 May at the banqueting room in [St James's Hall](/wiki/St_James%27s_Hall \"St James's Hall\"). Moses was president and members included [John Stephen Farmer](/wiki/John_Stephen_Farmer \"John Stephen Farmer\"), Massey, Rogers, Stanhope Templeman Speer, [Alaric Alfred Watts](/wiki/Alaric_Alfred_Watts \"Alaric Alfred Watts\") and [Percy Wyndham](/wiki/Percy_Wyndham_%281835%E2%80%931911%29 \"Percy Wyndham (1835–1911)\"). After Moses died in 1892, Rogers became the president. The LSA obtained a wider membership under the leadership of Rogers including notable figures such as [Alfred Russel Wallace](/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace \"Alfred Russel Wallace\").\n\nIn 1886, [Eleanor Sidgwick](/wiki/Eleanor_Mildred_Sidgwick \"Eleanor Mildred Sidgwick\") from the [Society for Psychical Research](/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research \"Society for Psychical Research\") (SPR) claimed that the medium [William Eglinton](/wiki/William_Eglinton \"William Eglinton\") was fraudulent. Members from the LSA and articles in the journal *Light* supported Eglinton and accused Sidgwick of bias and prejudice. Some spiritualist members resigned from the SPR.[Luckhurst, Roger](/wiki/Roger_Luckhurst \"Roger Luckhurst\"). (2002\\). *The Invention of Telepathy, 1870\\-1901*. Oxford University Press. p. 57\\. \n\nIn 1925, [Arthur Conan Doyle](/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle \"Arthur Conan Doyle\") became president and the LSA bought a new headquarters at Queensberry Place, South Kensington.[Lycett, Andrew](/wiki/Andrew_Lycett \"Andrew Lycett\"). (2008\\). *The Man Who Created Sherlock Holmes: The Life and Times of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle*. Free Press. p. 434\\. \"Having benefited from a memorial fund for the war dead, the London Spiritualist Alliance had bought a new headquarters in Queensberry Place, South Kensington. With Arthur as its president beginning in 1925, it held a three\\-day bazaar at Caxton Hall in May, raising 1,000 pounds to renovate and furnish the place. It also rented out its top floor to Harry Price, thus giving him a permanent location for his National Laboratory for Psychical Research.\"\n\nBetween October 1930 and June 1931 the [materialization](/wiki/Materialization_%28paranormal%29 \"Materialization (paranormal)\") medium [Helen Duncan](/wiki/Helen_Duncan \"Helen Duncan\") was investigated by the LSA. Despite early favourable reports, an examination of Duncan's [ectoplasm](/wiki/Ectoplasm_%28paranormal%29 \"Ectoplasm (paranormal)\") revealed it was made of [cheesecloth](/wiki/Cheesecloth \"Cheesecloth\"), paper mixed with the white of egg and lavatory paper stuck together. One of Duncan's tricks was to swallow and regurgitate some of her ectoplasm and she was persuaded to swallow a tablet of [methylene blue](/wiki/Methylene_blue \"Methylene blue\") before one of her séances to rule out any chance of this trick being performed and because of this no ectoplasm appeared.Haynes, Renée. (1982\\). *The Society for Psychical Research 1882\\-1982: A History*. MacDonald \\& Co. p. 144\\. \"The London Spiritualist Alliance had fifty sittings with her between October 1930 and June 1931; for these sittings she was stripped, searched and dressed in 'seance garments'. Two interim reports in *Light* were favorable, a third found indications of fraud. Pieces of 'ectoplasm' found from time to time differed in composition. Two early specimens consisted of paper or cloth mixed with something like white of egg. Two others were pads of surgical gauze soaked in 'a resinous fluid'; yet another consisted of layers of lavatory paper stuck together. The most usual material for 'ectoplasm' however, seemed to be butter muslin or cheesecloth, probably swallowed and regurgitated. Distressing choking noises were sometimes heard from within the cabinet; and it was interesting that when she was persuaded to swallow a tablet of methylene blue before one of the seances at the London Spiritualist Alliance, no ectoplasm whatsoever appeared.\" The journal *Light* endorsed the court decision that Duncan was fraudulent and supported [Harry Price](/wiki/Harry_Price \"Harry Price\")'s investigation that revealed her ectoplasm was cheesecloth.Hazelgrove, Jenny. (2000\\). *Spiritualism and British Society Between the Wars*. Manchester University Press. p. 279\\. \n\n",
"### College of Psychic Studies\n\nIn 1955 the LSA changed its name to the College of Psychic Science. In 1970 it became the College of Psychic Studies.[Rosemary Guiley](/wiki/Rosemary_Ellen_Guiley \"Rosemary Ellen Guiley\"). (1994\\). *The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits*. Guinness World Records Limited. p. 125\\. p. 334\\. Fichman, Martin. (2004\\). *An Elusive Victorian: The Evolution of Alfred Russel Wallace*. University Of Chicago Press. p. 191\\. Byrne, Georgina. (2010\\). *Modern Spiritualism and the Church of England, 1850\\-1939*. Boydell Press. pp. 60\\-62\\. \n\nAccording to psychical researcher Simeon Edmunds, by the 1955 name change there was \"no doubt that from that time onwards the society was no longer a spiritualist one\" as it was accepting non\\-spiritualist members and held no corporate opinion on the question of survival.Edmunds, Simeon. (1966\\). *Spiritualism: A Critical Survey*. Aquarian Press. p. 72\\. In the 1960s, after a revival in spiritualism, the college associated itself with the Society for Psychical Research, collecting thousands of case files.[\"Paul Beard\"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1397313/Paul-Beard.html). *The Telegraph*.\n\n[Paul Beard](/wiki/Paul_Beard_%28spiritualist%29 \"Paul Beard (spiritualist)\") was the president of the college for 16 years. In 2006, the college offered twelve courses on psychic abilities.\n\nIn April 2021 The College re\\-launched their website with an expanded programme of online courses, talks and events able to be completed online. Their current president, Geoffrey Dart C.B.E, references this being partly in response to the challenges of running in\\-person events during the Covid\\-19 pandemic. \n\n",
"Publications\n------------\n\n### Books\n\nIn 1930, the London Spiritualist Alliance published a series of five books under L.S.A Publications Ltd. These were:\n\n* Helen A. Dallas. *Human Survival and its Implications*.\n* [Charles Drayton Thomas](/wiki/Charles_Drayton_Thomas \"Charles Drayton Thomas\"). *The Mental Phenomena of Spiritualism*.\n* [Stanley De Brath](/wiki/Stanley_De_Brath \"Stanley De Brath\"). *The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism*.\n* Helen MacGregor and Margaret V. Underhill. *The Psychic Faculties and Their Development*.\n* [Oliver Lodge](/wiki/Oliver_Lodge \"Oliver Lodge\"). *Demonstrated Survival: Its Influence on Science, Philosophy and Religion.*\n\n### Journal\n\nThe oldest spiritualist [journal](/wiki/Academic_journal \"Academic journal\") in Britain is known as Light*. It was formed in January 1881 by [Edmund Rogers](/wiki/Edmund_Rogers \"Edmund Rogers\") and became affiliated with the BNAS and its successor organisations.[Oppenheim, Janet](/wiki/Janet_Oppenheim \"Janet Oppenheim\"). (1988\\). *The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850\\-1914*. Cambridge University Press. p. 46\\. *\n\nThe College of Psychic Studies publishes the Light'' journal twice a year.[\"Light\"](https://www.collegeofpsychicstudies.co.uk/about/page/id/16/light-the-college-journal). College of Psychic Studies.\n\n",
"### Books\n\nIn 1930, the London Spiritualist Alliance published a series of five books under L.S.A Publications Ltd. These were:\n\n* Helen A. Dallas. *Human Survival and its Implications*.\n* [Charles Drayton Thomas](/wiki/Charles_Drayton_Thomas \"Charles Drayton Thomas\"). *The Mental Phenomena of Spiritualism*.\n* [Stanley De Brath](/wiki/Stanley_De_Brath \"Stanley De Brath\"). *The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism*.\n* Helen MacGregor and Margaret V. Underhill. *The Psychic Faculties and Their Development*.\n* [Oliver Lodge](/wiki/Oliver_Lodge \"Oliver Lodge\"). *Demonstrated Survival: Its Influence on Science, Philosophy and Religion.*\n\n### Journal\n\nThe oldest spiritualist [journal](/wiki/Academic_journal \"Academic journal\") in Britain is known as Light*. It was formed in January 1881 by [Edmund Rogers](/wiki/Edmund_Rogers \"Edmund Rogers\") and became affiliated with the BNAS and its successor organisations.[Oppenheim, Janet](/wiki/Janet_Oppenheim \"Janet Oppenheim\"). (1988\\). *The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850\\-1914*. Cambridge University Press. p. 46\\. *\n\nThe College of Psychic Studies publishes the Light'' journal twice a year.[\"Light\"](https://www.collegeofpsychicstudies.co.uk/about/page/id/16/light-the-college-journal). College of Psychic Studies.\n\n",
"Notable historical members\n--------------------------\n\nImage:Arthur Conan Doyle by Walter Benington, 1914\\.png\\| \\[\\[Arthur Conan Doyle]], physician and writer\nImage:John S. Farmer spiritualist.png\\|\\[\\[John Stephen Farmer]], lexicographer\nImage:Samuel carter hall.jpg\\| \\[\\[Samuel Carter Hall]], journalist\nImage:Frederick Hockley spiritualist.png\\| \\[\\[Frederick Hockley]], occult writer\nImage:Sir Charles Isham circa 1850\\.jpg\\| \\[\\[Charles Isham]], gardener and landowner\nImage:Edmund Dawson Rogers.jpg\\| \\[\\[Edmund Dawson Rogers]], journalist \nImage:George Wyld physician.png\\| \\[\\[George Wyld]], homeopathic physician\nImage:Percy Scawen Wyndham, Vanity Fair, 1880\\-10\\-30\\.jpg\\| \\[\\[Percy Wyndham (1835–1911\\)\\|Percy Wyndham]], politician\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](http://www.collegeofpsychicstudies.co.uk/)\n\n[Category:Paranormal organizations](/wiki/Category:Paranormal_organizations \"Paranormal organizations\")\n[Category:Parapsychology](/wiki/Category:Parapsychology \"Parapsychology\")\n[Category:Religious organisations based in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Religious_organisations_based_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Religious organisations based in the United Kingdom\")\n\n"
]
}
|
The Problem with Popplers
|
{
"id": [
4520008
],
"name": [
"Yosefb"
]
}
|
158gre3rkxg3is83u9puec61iww32rm
|
2024-08-30T02:47:13Z
| 1,239,771,836 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Reception",
"Usages of the name",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
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"content": [
"\n\n\"**The Problem with Popplers**\" is the fifteenth episode in the [second](/wiki/Futurama_season_2 \"Futurama season 2\") [season](/wiki/List_of_Futurama_episodes \"List of Futurama episodes\") of the American animated television series *[Futurama](/wiki/Futurama \"Futurama\")*, and the 28th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on the [Fox network](/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company \"Fox Broadcasting Company\") in the United States on May 7, 2000\\. The title is a reference to the *[Star Trek: The Original Series](/wiki/Star_Trek:The_Original_Series \"The Original Series\")* episode \"[The Trouble with Tribbles](/wiki/The_Trouble_with_Tribbles \"The Trouble with Tribbles\")\". The episode focuses on the Planet Express crew discovering what they think is fast food they call \"Popplers,\" but they turn out to be the young of the Omicron aliens, and the Omicronian leader Lrrr seeks revenge.\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nAfter delivering to the Moocher Homeworld, the Planet Express crew find that their store rooms have been raided. They land on a [planet](/wiki/Planet \"Planet\") in search of food, finding that it abounds in a delicious edible life\\-form, which they call \"Popplers.\" The highly addictive \"Popplers\" soon inspire a new business venture for the crew. However, after Popplers become an incredibly popular food item and the organization MEAT (Mankind for Ethical Animal Treatment) begins to protest against them, it is learned that they are the larval stage of the Omicronian race, and that the planet where they came from is one of the nursery planets of the Omicronians.\n\n[Leela](/wiki/Leela_%28Futurama%29 \"Leela (Futurama)\"), the first to discover this when a Poppler awakens in her hands, leads the charge to stop the eating of Popplers. This mostly fails, partly due to Bender's subversive actions. The warlike natives of Omicron Persei 8, led by [Lrrr](/wiki/List_of_Futurama_characters%23Omicronians \"List of Futurama characters#Omicronians\"), arrive to seek justice for humans devouring billions of their young. The Omicronians demand that they be allowed to eat the same number of Earthlings as of \"Popplers\" that had been eaten. Since there are fewer humans on Earth than the number of Popplers that were eaten, and since Lrrr filled up on nuts during the negotiations, the Omicronians choose instead to eat the first Earthling to eat their young: Leela.\n\nIn order to fool the Omicronians, [Zapp Brannigan](/wiki/Zapp_Brannigan \"Zapp Brannigan\") brings a female [orangutan](/wiki/Orangutan \"Orangutan\") dressed and styled as Leela. The Omicronians are initially fooled because they have difficulty recognizing individual humans; however, [hippie](/wiki/Hippie \"Hippie\") Free Waterfall Junior exposes the sham to protect \"one of Mother Earth's most precious creatures\". After realizing the trick, and after Ndnd eats the orangutan, Lrrr demands the real Leela. With Leela in Lrrr's mouth, the small Omicronian, Jrrr, whom Leela had been nannying since birth, arrives. Jrrr jumps into Leela's mouth and convinces the Omicronians that it is wrong to eat other intelligent life out of [revenge](/wiki/Revenge \"Revenge\"). The Omicronians leave, but not before Lrrr devours Waterfall Junior. The amount of [drugs](/wiki/Drugs \"Drugs\") in Waterfall's system leads to Lrrr becoming [stoned](/wiki/Substance_intoxication \"Substance intoxication\").\n\nThe episode ends with the Planet Express Crew eating a smorgasbord buffet of unintelligent animals, including a suckling [pig](/wiki/Pig \"Pig\") and a [dolphin](/wiki/Dolphin \"Dolphin\") who wasted all his money on instant\\-[lottery](/wiki/Lottery \"Lottery\") tickets.\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\nThe episode was ranked number eleven on [IGN](/wiki/IGN \"IGN\")'s top 25 episode list, particularly noting its great premise. In *Doug Pratt's DVD* Pratt called the episode \"original and inspired\". *The A.V. Club* gave the episode an A.\n\n",
"Usages of the name\n------------------\n\nThe PDF library [Poppler](/wiki/Poppler_%28software%29 \"Poppler (software)\") is named after the lifeform in this episode.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Futurama season 2 episodes](/wiki/Category:Futurama_season_2_episodes \"Futurama season 2 episodes\")\n[Category:2000 American television episodes](/wiki/Category:2000_American_television_episodes \"2000 American television episodes\")\n[Category:Fiction set around Omicron Persei](/wiki/Category:Fiction_set_around_Omicron_Persei \"Fiction set around Omicron Persei\")\n\n"
]
}
|
James Monroe Ingalls
|
{
"id": [
45552193
],
"name": [
"Eejit43Bot"
]
}
|
ew4ud24mf3vadau3shme7cstr4i124j
|
2024-01-21T03:16:29Z
| 1,146,096,915 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"Civil War",
"Family life",
"Publications",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
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"content": [
"[thumb\\|right\\|150px\\|James Monroe Ingalls](/wiki/File:James_Monroe_Ingalls.jpg \"James Monroe Ingalls.jpg\")\n**James Monroe Ingalls** (January 25, 1837 – May 1, 1927\\) was an American soldier and an authority on [ballistics](/wiki/Ballistics \"Ballistics\"). His tabulations on ballistics was the authoritative source for over 100 years.\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nIngalls was born January 25, 1837, in Sutton Township, [Caledonia County, Vermont](/wiki/Caledonia_County%2C_Vermont \"Caledonia County, Vermont\"). He was the youngest of 9 children of James Ingalls (circa 1792–1866\\) and Mary Cass (circa 1797–1883\\). His parents are buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, Madison, Dane County, [Wisconsin](/wiki/Wisconsin \"Wisconsin\"). He had a sister, Jane Margaret Ingalls (1821–1920\\), who married Estes Wilson. Jane Ingalls Wilson was one of the first female physicians in Wisconsin.\n\nIngalls spent his childhood in [Clinton, Massachusetts](/wiki/Clinton%2C_Massachusetts \"Clinton, Massachusetts\"). He worked as an errand boy at Lancaster Mills and graduated from Clinton High School in 1856\\.\n\n",
"Civil War\n---------\n\nJames Monroe Ingalls moved to [Madison, Wisconsin](/wiki/Madison%2C_Wisconsin \"Madison, Wisconsin\"), with his parents in about 1856\\. He was a professor of mathematics in the Evansville Seminary, Wisconsin, 1860–1863\\. He enlisted in the regular army on January 2, 1864, during the [Civil War](/wiki/American_Civil_War \"American Civil War\"), and was assigned to the 16th Infantry. He was promoted corporal and served as commissary and quartermaster\\-sergeant until May 21, 1865\\. He was promoted 2d and 1st lieutenant on May 3, 1865, accepting the promotions on May 21, 1865\\. On April 17, 1869, he was transferred to the 2d Infantry; on January 1, 1871, to the 1st artillery. He was Commandant of Cadets and Professor of Military Science and Tactics and Mathematics at West Virginia University 1877–78\\. He was a very popular professor. He was promoted captain of artillery on July 1, 1880; major on June 1, 1897, and lieutenant\\-colonel on October 5, 1900\\. He served in Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and other points in the south between 1864 and 1871, and was then sent to the artillery school at Fort Monroe, graduating in the class of 1872\\. He was then stationed successively at [Plattsburgh Barracks](/wiki/Old_Stone_Barracks \"Old Stone Barracks\"), and Forts Jefferson and Barrancas, and, in July 1880, was assigned to the command of Battery A, Governor's Island, New York Harbor, and thence transferred to San Francisco Harbor, where he served until ordered to Battery G at Fort Munroe 1882\\. He suggested and organized the department of ballistics at the artillery school, Fort Monroe, and was made the first instructor on December 19, 1882, which position he held until the school suspended operations in spring 1898 because of the [Spanish–American War](/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War \"Spanish–American War\"). He was also senior instructor in practical artillery exercises, class of 1884; in engineering, class of 1888; in electricity and defensive torpedoes, classes of 1884, 1886, 1888 and 1890; and in signaling, 1884–88\\. Lieutenant Colonel Ingalls retired from the Army in 1901\\. In 1904, he was made colonel retired. Ingalls died on May 1, 1927, in [Providence, Rhode Island](/wiki/Providence%2C_Rhode_Island \"Providence, Rhode Island\"), and is buried in Cedar Grove Cemetery, [New London, Connecticut](/wiki/New_London%2C_Connecticut \"New London, Connecticut\").\n\nAuthor A. J. Bastarache has called Colonel Ingalls the \"Father of Ballistics\" for his pioneering research that contributed to America's military successes through the 20th century.\n\n",
"Family life\n-----------\n\nIngalls married Elizabeth Niles, daughter of John S. Niles and Elizabeth Lilly, in July 1860, in [Dane County, Wisconsin](/wiki/Dane_County%2C_Wisconsin \"Dane County, Wisconsin\"). She was born in 1841 in Leon, Cattaraugus County, New York, and died on July 28, 1875, of typhoid fever at [Fort Barrancas](/wiki/Fort_Barrancas \"Fort Barrancas\"), [Escambia County, Florida](/wiki/Escambia_County%2C_Florida \"Escambia County, Florida\"), and is buried in the national cemetery there. They had two children. Their son, Arthur Niles Ingalls (1861–1875\\), also died of typhoid fever and is buried with his mother. Their daughter, Hilda Eliza Ingalls (born September 1868 in McPhersonburg, Virginia) married Joel Randall Burrow in 1889\\. He later became the Secretary of State of the State of Kansas. Hilda died on November 4, 1908, and is buried at Fairview Cemetery, Smith Center, Kansas.\n\nIngalls married a second time on July 17, 1877, in New London, Connecticut, to Harriet Elizabeth Thurston, daughter of Benjamin Babcock Thurston, who had been Lieutenant Governor of [Rhode Island](/wiki/Rhode_Island \"Rhode Island\"). They had one child, Fanny Thurston Ingalls, who never married.\n\n",
"Publications\n------------\n\n* *Exterior Ballistics* (1883, 1885, 1886\\)\n* *Ballistic Machines* (1885\\)\n* *Handbook of Problems in Exterior Ballistics* (1890; 1901\\)\n* *Ballistic Tables* (1891; 1900\\)\n* *Interior Ballistics* (1894; third edition, 1912\\)\n* *Ballistics for the Instruction of Artillery Gunners* (1893\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* \"COLONEL JAMES M. INGALLS, Veteran of Two Wars and Expert on Ballistics Dies at 90\\.\" *New York Times*, May 2, 1927\\.\n* Charles Burleigh, *The Genealogy and History of the Ingalls Family in America*, 1903\\.\n* Francis B Heitman, *Historical Register \\& Dictionary of the United States Army*, 1789–1903\\. Published 1903\\.\n* *The History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantation: Biographical*. American Historical Society, Inc., 1920\\.\n* A. J. Bastarache, [\"An Extraordinary Town, How one of America's smallest towns shaped the world\"](https://web.archive.org/web/20050725234425/http://www.extraordinarytown.com/). the author summarizes Ingalls's accomplishments and history as the \"Father of Ballistics\".\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [West Virginia \\& Regional History Center](/wiki/West_Virginia_%26_Regional_History_Center \"West Virginia & Regional History Center\") at [West Virginia University](/wiki/West_Virginia_University \"West Virginia University\"), [James Monroe Ingalls, Service Records](https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/repositories/2/resources/5637)\n\n[Category:1837 births](/wiki/Category:1837_births \"1837 births\")\n[Category:1927 deaths](/wiki/Category:1927_deaths \"1927 deaths\")\n[Category:Ballistics experts](/wiki/Category:Ballistics_experts \"Ballistics experts\")\n[Category:American information and reference writers](/wiki/Category:American_information_and_reference_writers \"American information and reference writers\")\n[Category:American instructional writers](/wiki/Category:American_instructional_writers \"American instructional writers\")\n[Category:Union Army soldiers](/wiki/Category:Union_Army_soldiers \"Union Army soldiers\")\n[Category:United States Army officers](/wiki/Category:United_States_Army_officers \"United States Army officers\")\n[Category:People from Caledonia County, Vermont](/wiki/Category:People_from_Caledonia_County%2C_Vermont \"People from Caledonia County, Vermont\")\n[Category:Burials in Connecticut](/wiki/Category:Burials_in_Connecticut \"Burials in Connecticut\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Mrkopalj
|
{
"id": [
40330219
],
"name": [
"RodRabelo7"
]
}
|
sk38anndob1l4aj1dmc7zau3no76ar0
|
2024-09-10T05:48:23Z
| 1,195,625,863 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Population",
"Industry",
"Coat of arms",
"Notable residents",
"In popular culture",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
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"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|right\\|Čelimbaša ski resort](/wiki/File:Mrkopalj_-_Ski_%C4%8Celimba%C5%A1a_116686714.jpg \"Mrkopalj - Ski Čelimbaša 116686714.jpg\")\n**Mrkopalj** () is a village and a [municipality](/wiki/Municipalities_of_Croatia \"Municipalities of Croatia\") in the mountainous part of [Croatia](/wiki/Croatia \"Croatia\") in the region of [Gorski Kotar](/wiki/Gorski_Kotar \"Gorski Kotar\"), located south\\-east of [Delnice](/wiki/Delnice \"Delnice\") and some 50 km east of [Rijeka](/wiki/Rijeka \"Rijeka\") and 831 meters above sea level.\n\n",
"Population\n----------\n\nIn the 2011 census, the municipality had 1,214 inhabitants, in the following [settlements](/wiki/Naselja \"Naselja\"):\n* [Begovo Razdolje](/wiki/Begovo_Razdolje \"Begovo Razdolje\"), population 48\n* [Brestova Draga](/wiki/Brestova_Draga \"Brestova Draga\"), population 53\n* **Mrkopalj**, population 755\n* [Sunger](/wiki/Sunger \"Sunger\"), population 326\n* [Tuk Mrkopaljski](/wiki/Tuk_Mrkopaljski \"Tuk Mrkopaljski\"), population 4\n* [Tuk Vojni](/wiki/Tuk_Vojni \"Tuk Vojni\"), population 28\n\nIn the same census, over 98% of the population were [Croats](/wiki/Croats \"Croats\").\n\n",
"Industry\n--------\n\nMrkopalj was once a relatively important trading town in the [Gorski Kotar](/wiki/Gorski_Kotar \"Gorski Kotar\") highlands where timber and sheep are the main resources.\n\nMountain snow sports are popular.\n\n",
"Coat of arms\n------------\n\nEmperor [Joseph II](/wiki/Joseph_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor \"Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor\") granted the coat of arms and the status of a free royal market town in 1785\\. The grant of arms is similar in style with others granted in the period, including the aquarel picture of the coat of arms within a ring containing the inscription (thus making it a seal) and set in a baroque scene with mountains, angel broquate covers, coats of arms of selected Habsburg lands.\n\nThe shield is party [per fess](/wiki/Per_fess \"Per fess\") chief [per pale](/wiki/Per_pale \"Per pale\"): first [chequy](/wiki/Chequy \"Chequy\") gules and argent, second or a lamb passant below a fir tree vert trunked proper issuant from a base also vert, and third azure five cliff spikes argent. The modern community adopted (around 1995\\) the same coat of arms in a modernized artistic rendition as required by regulations.\n\nThe decision on adoption of the coat of arms for Mrkopalj and the flag was adopted on 12 March 1998 and this was issued in the official gazette in May 1998: *Odluka o grbu i zastavi Opcine Mrkopalj, 12\\.03\\.1998, Službene novine Primorsko\\-goranske županije, br. 11/98, 29\\. svibnja 1998\\.*\n\nThe flag is dark blue with the coat of arms bordered yellow in the middle.\n\n",
"Notable residents\n-----------------\n\n* [Jakov Fak](/wiki/Jakov_Fak \"Jakov Fak\"), Olympic [biathlete](/wiki/Biathlete \"Biathlete\")\n* [Nada Birko](/wiki/Nada_Birko \"Nada Birko\"), Olympic cross\\-country skier\n",
"In popular culture\n------------------\n\nAmerican author Jennifer Wilson's 2011 non\\-fiction book, *Running Away to Home: Our Family's Journey to Croatia in Search of Who We Are, Where We Came From, and What Really Matters*, takes place in Mrkopalj. She and her husband and two children spent seven months in the village, to reconnect to her immigrant maternal grandparents' relatives and culture.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Municipalities of Croatia](/wiki/Category:Municipalities_of_Croatia \"Municipalities of Croatia\")\n[Category:Populated places in Primorje\\-Gorski Kotar County](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Primorje-Gorski_Kotar_County \"Populated places in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Palm handheld modifications
|
{
"id": [
28889243
],
"name": [
"CamiTheWitch"
]
}
|
n1bwrrzh2ss4250j6fplwgnuz51b2ho
|
2024-07-17T20:32:30Z
| 1,232,840,046 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Popular modifications",
"Replacing the internal battery",
"The battery replacement process",
"External power modifications",
"Clock speed reduction",
"See also",
"External links",
"Over/underclockers",
"T3 battery replacement",
"External battery packs"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
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"content": [
"Several [Palm (PDA)](/wiki/Palm_%28PDA%29 \"Palm (PDA)\") enthusiasts have successfully documented internal and external handheld battery modifications to allow longer charge times for their handheld device. Rapidly advancing [battery](/wiki/Battery_%28electricity%29 \"Battery (electricity)\") technology allows smaller and longer\\-lasting batteries to be placed into the space of the original batteries. Modifications of this type can be technically challenging and will almost certainly void any manufacturer warranty and have the potential to damage the modified device permanently.\n\n",
"Popular modifications\n---------------------\n\nMany PDAs are not suitable for modification or do not require it; the newest devices include advanced high\\-capacity batteries, whilst some devices cannot be dismantled without permanent damage.\n\nThe Palm [Tungsten T3](/wiki/Tungsten_T3 \"Tungsten T3\") came with a built\\-in 900 [mAh](/wiki/Ampere_hour \"Ampere hour\") rechargeable [Lithium ion battery](/wiki/Lithium_ion_battery \"Lithium ion battery\"). The [T1](/wiki/Tungsten_Handheld \"Tungsten Handheld\") and [T2](/wiki/Tungsten_Handheld \"Tungsten Handheld\") also used a 900 mAh battery, but because of the upgraded Palm Tungsten T3 processor the battery life is significantly reduced. The modest battery life is the largest criticism of the [Tungsten T3](/wiki/Tungsten_T3 \"Tungsten T3\") compared to other Palm models. One of the most popular handhelds of all time, the Palm [Tungsten T3](/wiki/Tungsten_T3 \"Tungsten T3\") is a typical candidate for battery modification.\n\nThe [Tungsten T5](/wiki/Tungsten_T5 \"Tungsten T5\") however, included a much newer battery and is therefore a much less likely candidate for replacement, at least not yet. Much fuss has been made over the issue of the [iPod's](/wiki/IPod \"IPod\") built\\-in li\\-ion battery and the fact that it is not designed to be [replaceable](/wiki/IPod%23Non-replaceable_batteries \"IPod#Non-replaceable batteries\"). Some have similar concerns over their handhelds' batteries and decide to try and remedy the problem themselves, just as was done on the iPod before Apple started offering extended warranties: in fact, [Apple](/wiki/Apple_Computer \"Apple Computer\") [iPod](/wiki/IPod \"IPod\") replacement batteries have become somewhat of a favourite for use as external replacements/additions.\n\n### Replacing the internal battery\n\nA popular method discussed extensively on the brighthand.com and spug.net for modification have involved opening the case and removing the original 900 mAh battery and replacing it with various higher\\-capacity batteries, or simply replacing it because of age (a replacement battery costs a small fraction of the manufacturer's battery\\-replacement charge).\n\nSeveral people have successfully documented replacing the built\\-in [Lithium ion battery](/wiki/Lithium_ion_battery \"Lithium ion battery\") with a higher\\-capacity battery, increasing time the T3 can be used without charging. . Batteries of 1100 mAh are available that fit just fine. However, disassembling the case is complicated by 5 small metal tabs, not mentioned by most online instruction pages: two on each side, and one on the back just above the docking connector, which must be released as one of the first disassembly steps (for example, by inserting a very thin shim and pushing it gently down, while pulling the bottom panel down enough to clear it). \n\nThe biggest problem when upgrading the T3 battery to even higher capacity, however, is that there is limited space within the handheld shell for a larger battery. Hence, modification typically requires some crushing of the replacement battery to make it fit and/or irreversible modification to the internal components of the shell (for example the stylus holder). Another problem is that lithium\\-ion batteries require a regulator circuit to regulate battery charge preventing damage, and so replacement batteries either require a built\\-in one or a grafted regulator circuit added.\n\n### The battery replacement process\n\nMany guides have been written on the battery replacement process, including many users of popular PDA forums such as brighthand.com and spug.net. Many companies that supply PDA parts also provide their own guides for battery replacement; these are usually less radical and require little or no actual modification. Most guides include a clear disclaimer explaining the dangers involved and the definite loss of warranty from the vendor/manufacturer. Specific examples of step\\-by\\-step guides can be found below in the links section.\n\n### External power modifications\n\n[PalmOne](/wiki/PalmOne \"PalmOne\") released a Power2Go modification which allows the palm device to receive charge from an external battery pack. Many cheap alternatives are available from online electronics stores and auctions such as eBay. These devices usually supply power from four AA size batteries, allowing for more flexibility in storage capacity as exhausted batteries can be replaced as required.\n\nHomemade devices with higher mAh power supplies have been made by some enthusiasts to increase the external charge. These can either plug directly into the [Palm Universal Connector](/wiki/Palm_Universal_Connector \"Palm Universal Connector\") (on older handhelds), the [Palm Multi\\-Connector](/wiki/Palm_Multi-Connector \"Palm Multi-Connector\") or hard\\-wired directly into the device's power terminals on the [motherboard](/wiki/Motherboard \"Motherboard\").\n\n",
"### Replacing the internal battery\n\nA popular method discussed extensively on the brighthand.com and spug.net for modification have involved opening the case and removing the original 900 mAh battery and replacing it with various higher\\-capacity batteries, or simply replacing it because of age (a replacement battery costs a small fraction of the manufacturer's battery\\-replacement charge).\n\nSeveral people have successfully documented replacing the built\\-in [Lithium ion battery](/wiki/Lithium_ion_battery \"Lithium ion battery\") with a higher\\-capacity battery, increasing time the T3 can be used without charging. . Batteries of 1100 mAh are available that fit just fine. However, disassembling the case is complicated by 5 small metal tabs, not mentioned by most online instruction pages: two on each side, and one on the back just above the docking connector, which must be released as one of the first disassembly steps (for example, by inserting a very thin shim and pushing it gently down, while pulling the bottom panel down enough to clear it). \n\nThe biggest problem when upgrading the T3 battery to even higher capacity, however, is that there is limited space within the handheld shell for a larger battery. Hence, modification typically requires some crushing of the replacement battery to make it fit and/or irreversible modification to the internal components of the shell (for example the stylus holder). Another problem is that lithium\\-ion batteries require a regulator circuit to regulate battery charge preventing damage, and so replacement batteries either require a built\\-in one or a grafted regulator circuit added.\n\n",
"### The battery replacement process\n\nMany guides have been written on the battery replacement process, including many users of popular PDA forums such as brighthand.com and spug.net. Many companies that supply PDA parts also provide their own guides for battery replacement; these are usually less radical and require little or no actual modification. Most guides include a clear disclaimer explaining the dangers involved and the definite loss of warranty from the vendor/manufacturer. Specific examples of step\\-by\\-step guides can be found below in the links section.\n\n",
"### External power modifications\n\n[PalmOne](/wiki/PalmOne \"PalmOne\") released a Power2Go modification which allows the palm device to receive charge from an external battery pack. Many cheap alternatives are available from online electronics stores and auctions such as eBay. These devices usually supply power from four AA size batteries, allowing for more flexibility in storage capacity as exhausted batteries can be replaced as required.\n\nHomemade devices with higher mAh power supplies have been made by some enthusiasts to increase the external charge. These can either plug directly into the [Palm Universal Connector](/wiki/Palm_Universal_Connector \"Palm Universal Connector\") (on older handhelds), the [Palm Multi\\-Connector](/wiki/Palm_Multi-Connector \"Palm Multi-Connector\") or hard\\-wired directly into the device's power terminals on the [motherboard](/wiki/Motherboard \"Motherboard\").\n\n",
"Clock speed reduction\n---------------------\n\nAs the T3 uses a 400 MHz processor, using the same 900 mAh battery from the T1 and T2 just doesn't cut it. The best way to extend the battery life of a T3 easily, is to use underclocking software like PXA clocker, Lightspeed or Warpspeed. This can give about 5\\-6 hours of runtime. However users who uses [Bluetooth](/wiki/Bluetooth \"Bluetooth\") and [Wi\\-Fi](/wiki/Wi-Fi \"Wi-Fi\") extensively will find that even with underclocking, battery life is still rather short as wireless usage tends to use more power.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* Palm [Tungsten Handheld](/wiki/Tungsten_Handheld \"Tungsten Handheld\") devices\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n### Over/underclockers\n\n* [http://www.clievideo.com/default.asp?item\\=1](http://www.clievideo.com/default.asp?item=1) \\- Lightspeed\n* <http://www.palmpowerups.com> \\- Warpspeed and Dynaclock\n* <https://web.archive.org/web/20100107104955/http://www.vistabug.com/pxaclocker/> \\- PXA Clocker\n\n### T3 battery replacement\n\n* [http://forum.brighthand.com/showthread.php?t\\=221125](http://forum.brighthand.com/showthread.php?t=221125)\n* [http://forum.brighthand.com/showthread.php?t\\=74036\\&page\\=3\\&highlight\\=battery\\+mod](http://forum.brighthand.com/showthread.php?t=74036&page=3&highlight=battery+mod)\n* [http://www.pspilot.de/ppptun3/ppptun3\\.html\\#T2a](http://www.pspilot.de/ppptun3/ppptun3.html#T2a) \\- Instructions how to open a palm T3\n* <https://web.archive.org/web/20030926090907/http://www.palm.com/> \\- Official International Palm site including link to Palm store.\n\n### External battery packs\n\n* [http://www.curriegrad2004\\.ca/cb\\_treo\\_mod/](http://www.curriegrad2004.ca/cb_treo_mod/) \\- Instructions building a battery pack for devices that use the Multi\\-Connector (Athena) [(Archive.org cache)](https://web.archive.org/web/20070124221108/http://www.curriegrad2004.ca/cb_treo_mod/)\n\n[Category:Palm OS devices](/wiki/Category:Palm_OS_devices \"Palm OS devices\")\n\n",
"### Over/underclockers\n\n* [http://www.clievideo.com/default.asp?item\\=1](http://www.clievideo.com/default.asp?item=1) \\- Lightspeed\n* <http://www.palmpowerups.com> \\- Warpspeed and Dynaclock\n* <https://web.archive.org/web/20100107104955/http://www.vistabug.com/pxaclocker/> \\- PXA Clocker\n",
"### T3 battery replacement\n\n* [http://forum.brighthand.com/showthread.php?t\\=221125](http://forum.brighthand.com/showthread.php?t=221125)\n* [http://forum.brighthand.com/showthread.php?t\\=74036\\&page\\=3\\&highlight\\=battery\\+mod](http://forum.brighthand.com/showthread.php?t=74036&page=3&highlight=battery+mod)\n* [http://www.pspilot.de/ppptun3/ppptun3\\.html\\#T2a](http://www.pspilot.de/ppptun3/ppptun3.html#T2a) \\- Instructions how to open a palm T3\n* <https://web.archive.org/web/20030926090907/http://www.palm.com/> \\- Official International Palm site including link to Palm store.\n",
"### External battery packs\n\n* [http://www.curriegrad2004\\.ca/cb\\_treo\\_mod/](http://www.curriegrad2004.ca/cb_treo_mod/) \\- Instructions building a battery pack for devices that use the Multi\\-Connector (Athena) [(Archive.org cache)](https://web.archive.org/web/20070124221108/http://www.curriegrad2004.ca/cb_treo_mod/)\n\n[Category:Palm OS devices](/wiki/Category:Palm_OS_devices \"Palm OS devices\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Dylan Fergus
|
{
"id": [
4842600
],
"name": [
"Explicit"
]
}
|
s7bh5xl21lvggvdr2tdr7t0vubbq5am
|
2024-06-23T14:53:59Z
| 1,229,980,617 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Dylan John Fergus**Middle name found on the *[California Birth Index](/wiki/California_Birth_Index \"California Birth Index\") 1905\\-1995*, under FERGUS, DYLAN JOHN, born 4 January 1980 in [Santa Clara County](/wiki/Santa_Clara_County \"Santa Clara County\"). (born January 4, 1980, in [San Francisco, California](/wiki/San_Francisco%2C_California \"San Francisco, California\")), is an American [actor](/wiki/Actor \"Actor\"), [producer](/wiki/Television_producer \"Television producer\") and [director](/wiki/Television_director \"Television director\"). Fergus is currently an executive producer at Bloomberg Media. He is best known for his role as [Noah Bennett](/wiki/Noah_Bennett \"Noah Bennett\") on the daytime [soap opera](/wiki/Soap_opera \"Soap opera\") *[Passions](/wiki/Passions \"Passions\")*.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nPrior to *[Passions](/wiki/Passions \"Passions\")*, he briefly portrayed the role of Tim Dillon on *[All My Children](/wiki/All_My_Children \"All My Children\")* in 2002\\. He also starred in 2004's *[Hellbent](/wiki/Hellbent_%282004_film%29 \"Hellbent (2004 film)\")*, the first gay slasher horror film. Fergus studied acting at [Carnegie Mellon](/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon \"Carnegie Mellon\") School Of Drama, graduating in 2002 and filmmaking at [CalArts](/wiki/CalArts \"CalArts\") School of Film/Video. He graduated from [Monta Vista High School](/wiki/Monta_Vista_High_School \"Monta Vista High School\") in [Cupertino, California](/wiki/Cupertino%2C_California \"Cupertino, California\") in 1998\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official Website](http://www.dylanfergus.com)\n* [Official *Passions* Profile](https://web.archive.org/web/20060411045621/http://www.nbc.com/Passions/bios/Dylan_Fergus.shtml)\n[Category:1980 births](/wiki/Category:1980_births \"1980 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Male actors from San Francisco](/wiki/Category:Male_actors_from_San_Francisco \"Male actors from San Francisco\")\n[Category:People from Cupertino, California](/wiki/Category:People_from_Cupertino%2C_California \"People from Cupertino, California\")\n[Category:American male soap opera actors](/wiki/Category:American_male_soap_opera_actors \"American male soap opera actors\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Multi-agency coordination
|
{
"id": [
575347
],
"name": [
"Sammi Brie"
]
}
|
gio73lrwgfm6s6m0yyggjo4tv3a9p84
|
2019-11-20T08:53:07Z
| 780,609,199 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Multi\\-agency coordination** (or **MAC**) is a generalized term which describes the functions and activities of representatives of involved agencies and/or jurisdictions who come together to make decisions regarding the prioritizing of incidents, and the sharing and use of critical resources. The MAC organization is not a part of an on\\-scene [incident command system](/wiki/Incident_command_system \"Incident command system\") and is not involved in developing incident strategy or tactics.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Multi\\-agency Coordination (MAC) System](/wiki/Multi-agency_Coordination_%28MAC%29_System \"Multi-agency Coordination (MAC) System\")\n\n[Category:Incident management](/wiki/Category:Incident_management \"Incident management\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Antimatter (band)
|
{
"id": [
45293124
],
"name": [
"Ernsanchez00"
]
}
|
jjketc4zx9eq9m8zgdoi3c46ihwxzpo
|
2024-10-12T13:50:43Z
| 1,236,073,541 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Pre-History and Formation (1998–99)",
"Saviour (2000–02)",
"Lights Out and Live@K13 (2003)",
"Planetary Confinement and Patterson's departure (2004–05)",
"Leaving Eden and Live@An Club (2006–09)",
"Alternative Matter (2010–11)",
"Fear of a Unique Identity and Too Late (2012–14)",
"The Judas Table, Welcome To The Machine and Live Between The Earth And Clouds (2015–17)",
"Black Market Enlightenment and An Epitaph (2018–21)",
"Discography",
"Studio albums",
"Singles/EPs",
"Video albums",
"Compilation albums",
"Live albums",
"Promo videos",
"Members",
"Current members",
"Former members",
"Session touring members",
"Timeline",
"References",
"External links",
"Interviews"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
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3,
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"\n\n**Antimatter**, a UK dark rock band, is the solo project of longtime founding member [Mick Moss](/wiki/Mick_Moss \"Mick Moss\"). The project was originally a duo composed of founding member [Duncan Patterson](/wiki/Duncan_Patterson \"Duncan Patterson\") (former bassist/songwriter of [Anathema](/wiki/Anathema_%28band%29 \"Anathema (band)\")) and Moss, being essentially an amalgamation of two solo projects working in tandem with each other, with each member writing and arranging their songs alone and compiling them in the studio later on to create an album. In this manner, the pair released three albums together, [Saviour](/wiki/Saviour_%28album%29 \"Saviour (album)\"), [Lights Out](/wiki/Lights_Out_%28antimatter%29 \"Lights Out (antimatter)\") and [Planetary Confinement](/wiki/Planetary_Confinement \"Planetary Confinement\"), after which Patterson left, in 2005, to start another band Íon. Moss continued Antimatter as an extension of his own timeline established throughout the first three discs, releasing the project's fourth album [Leaving Eden](/wiki/Leaving_Eden_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Leaving Eden (Antimatter album)\") in 2007\\. Moss followed with 'Live@An Club', (released on his own label Music in Stone), [Alternative Matter](/wiki/Alternative_Matter \"Alternative Matter\"), [Fear of a Unique Identity](/wiki/Fear_of_a_Unique_Identity \"Fear of a Unique Identity\"), [The Judas Table](/wiki/The_Judas_Table \"The Judas Table\"), \"[Too Late](/wiki/Too_Late_%28Antimatter_song%29 \"Too Late (Antimatter song)\")\", [Welcome To The Machine](/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Machine_%28EP%29 \"Welcome to the Machine (EP)\"), [Live Between The Earth \\& Clouds](/wiki/Live_Between_The_Earth_%26_Clouds \"Live Between The Earth & Clouds\"), and, most recently, [Black Market Enlightenment](/wiki/Black_Market_Enlightenment \"Black Market Enlightenment\") in 2018\\.\n\nDescribing Antimatter's sound for an article in The Krakow Post in 2016, late U.S. journalist Dewey Gurall said \"while the early albums had more of a triphop vibe with lots of female vocals (think Portishead or Zero 7\\), nowadays that type of electronic ambience and rhythm are more integrated with art rock, prog, metal, folk, shoegazer, a dash of classic British pop, and even grunge, all while never wandering too far from that darkwave sensibility mentioned earlier. The lead vocals are handled completely, and masterfully, by Mick.\nOn paper, the mix of different genre might sound like it wouldn’t work, maybe even like a bit of a mess. Instead, from so many different elements, Moss has constructed something both wholly original and emotionally moving\".\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### Pre\\-History and Formation (1998–99\\)\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|The logo for Antimatter has been used on every release since the debut album 'Saviour' in 2001\\.](/wiki/File:Antimatter_Logo.jpg \"Antimatter Logo.jpg\")[thumb\\|right\\|The original line\\-up of the duo Antimatter, LTR Mick Moss, Duncan Patterson](/wiki/File:Antimatter2000.jpg \"Antimatter2000.jpg\")\nWithout hearing each other's latest recordings, in 1998 Duncan Patterson and Mick Moss had both reached the same place musically and philosophically. Patterson had just finished recording Anathema's 'Alternative 4' album and Moss had been working on a set of demos. The similarities were striking. Moss had produced 'Saviour', 'Over Your Shoulder' and 'Angelic', which drew parallels directly to Patterson's 'Empty', 'Feel' and 'Destiny'. Both sets of recordings were dark, melodic and minimal, lyrically dealing with a discomfort with oneself and others. Patterson at the time had grown restless with Anathema, and upon hearing Moss’ demos suggested they record together. Patterson quit Anathema in 1998 and re\\-recorded Moss’ 3 tracks as a demo to pass to labels, under the moniker of ‘Angelica’. The demo was originally rejected by Peaceville Records as being too melodic and not leaning enough towards heavy metal. Patterson later penned and recorded a 4th track, ‘Holocaust’, for the demo. In 1999, Australian band Cryptal Darkness contacted Patterson, and during a later conversation a member of CD (who also ran the group's label) asked Patterson what he had been involved with since leaving Anathema. Patterson mailed a cassette of the demo off, and upon hearing it the label agreed to release the duo's first album.\n\n### Saviour (2000–02\\)\n\nSigned to Icon Records, in September 2000 they entered Academy Studios, Dewsbury, as Antimatter to record their debut album *[Saviour](/wiki/Saviour_%28album%29 \"Saviour (album)\")*. Patterson contributes the tracks \"Holocaust\", \"God Is Coming\", \"Flowers\" and \"Going Nowhere\", while Moss brings \"Saviour\", \"Over Your Shoulder\", \"Psalms\", \"Angelic\" and \"The Last Laugh\". Although Moss performed vocals on his original demos, Patterson has the idea to have mainly female vocals, performed by Michelle Richfield and Hayley Windsor. Moss performs vocals on two tracks only. Instrumentation is split between Patterson and Moss.\n\nIn 2001, the album and band received \"Album of the Year\" and \"Best Newcomer of the Year\" in *[Psycho!](/wiki/Psycho%21 \"Psycho!\")* magazine. Unfortunately, Antimatter's record label distributed only a small number of copies despite demand for much more, and it soon became apparent that the label wasn't able to manufacture and distribute copies of the album in reasonable numbers. Thus began a 12\\-month battle between act and label, with Icon Records holding onto the rights of *Saviour* despite being unable to release it.\n\nIn early 2002 Moss turned down an offer to join a burgeoning Anathema in the vacant bassplayer role for the 'A Natural Disaster' album onward, opting instead to stay with the still struggling Antimatter. In March Danny Cavanagh briefly and controversially quit Anathema with the intention of joining Antimatter, only to re\\-join Anathema weeks later. On July 29 *Saviour* finally received a substantial release with [Prophecy Productions](/wiki/Prophecy_Productions \"Prophecy Productions\") in Europe, followed by a North American release from [The End Records](/wiki/The_End_Records \"The End Records\") on September 24\\. In October Patterson finances a 5 date Western Europe tour, with Antimatter joined by Danny Cavanagh. Michelle Richfield and Hayley Windsor did not feature in the line\\-up, with lead vocals being taken by Mick Moss. The debut performance took place at 'The Frontline, Ghent, Belgium on October 4, followed by four more dates in France and Netherlands. Later that month, Moss published via the internet a free 5\\-track EP *A Dream for the Blind*, featuring recordings of himself and Cavanagh rehearsing in Liverpool for that year's debut tour. The release came complete with artwork to be printed off by the public.\n\n### Lights Out and Live@K13 (2003\\)\n\nAntimatter entered the studio in January 2003 to record their 2nd album *[Lights Out](/wiki/Lights_Out_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Lights Out (Antimatter album)\")*, with Moss contributing the tracks \"Everything You Know Is Wrong\", \"The Art of a Soft Landing\", \"In Stone\" and \"Dream\", while Patterson brings \"Lights Out\", \"Expire\", \"Reality Clash\" and \"Terminal\". The album (recorded during a month is Sun Studios Dublin) marks a shift from its predecessor. Despite the presence of guest vocalists Michelle Richfield and Hayley Windsor, Moss now performs vocals on most of his own tracks and half of Patterson's. In March, the track \"Over Your Shoulder\", from the debut album *Saviour* is used for soundtrack purposes in MTV's reality TV show *[Sorority Life](/wiki/Sorority_Life \"Sorority Life\")*.\nIn May/June 2003 Antimatter toured the [West Coast of the United States](/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States \"West Coast of the United States\") with [Virgin Black](/wiki/Virgin_Black \"Virgin Black\") and [Agalloch](/wiki/Agalloch \"Agalloch\"). Afterwards, Antimatter, accompanied by Mehdi Messouci (VÆV, Breaklose) on piano and backing vocals, headed into Europe to perform in Greece and then into Asia, performing in Istanbul, rounding off the tour with an appearance at a festival in Skali, Cyprus. On June 24, [Lights Out](/wiki/Lights_Out_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Lights Out (Antimatter album)\") is released. At the same time, Patterson releases the acoustic live album *[Live@K13](/wiki/Live%40K13 \"Live@K13\")* (recorded during their debut tour in 2002\\) on his record label [Strangelight Records](/wiki/Strangelight_Records \"Strangelight Records\"). A month later, in July, Antimatter headlined Estonia's annual festival Hard Rock Laager, the country's largest alternative music festival held in the village of Vana\\-Vigala. In October 2003, Antimatter reconvened to Sun Studios, Dublin, to record a version of [Dead Can Dance](/wiki/Dead_Can_Dance \"Dead Can Dance\")’s \"Black Sun\". The recording is followed by a tour of Germany with Autumnblaze. In December 2003, Antimatter published onto the internet the album *Unreleased 98\\-03*, featuring demos and unheard versions of songs from the first two albums. The album was made available as a free download and once again came complete with artwork.\n\n### Planetary Confinement and Patterson's departure (2004–05\\)\n\nIn 2004, Patterson made the decision to quit Antimatter to pursue his solo project 'Ion', but not before contributing to his final album with the band, [Planetary Confinement](/wiki/Planetary_Confinement \"Planetary Confinement\"), an album to be recorded in two\\-halves, one by Moss in England, the other by Patterson in Ireland and France. On May 25 'The Lotus Eaters \\- A Tribute To Dead Can Dance' is released, featuring Antimatter's version of Black Sun, recorded in October 2003\\. Moss's English sessions (‘Weight of The World’, ‘Legions’, ‘Epitaph’ and ‘A Portrait of the Young Man as an Artist’) commenced on 16 July in Studio 33, Liverpool, and featured a band assembled by Moss that year (Rachel Brewster – Violins, Ste Hughes – Bass and Chris Phillips – Drums), with Moss choosing to forgo any guest vocalists, performing all vocal parts himself. Patterson's sessions ('Planetary Confinement', 'Line of Fire', 'Mr White', 'Relapse' and 'Eternty Pt24') followed in December of the same year, with the vocal duties held by Amelie Festa and extra instrumentation by Mehdi Messouci (VÆV, Breaklose), Barry Whyte, Alex Mazarguil (Breaklose) and Micheál ó Croinín. By comparison Moss produced more organic sounding recordings while Patterson's still retained an electronic edge despite being acoustic based.\n\n*Planetary Confinement*, a stark acoustic album in the face of two previous semi\\-electronic outings, was released on 29 July 2005, signalling Patterson's official departure from the project. Patterson announced his Ion project, while Moss simultaneously announced he would continue with Antimatter and was wrapping up the writing to the 4th album, to be titled ‘Leaving Eden’.\n\n### Leaving Eden and Live@An Club (2006–09\\)\n\n \n\nIn June 2006, Moss entered Fair Trade Studios, Liverpool, to record Antimatter's 4th album *Leaving Eden*, re\\-assembling the band he had originally formed for his 'Planetary Confinement' sessions, with the addition of Danny Cavanagh.\nGerman rapper [Bushido](/wiki/Bushido_%28rapper%29 \"Bushido (rapper)\") has released his fourth studio album *[Von der Skyline zum Bordstein zurück](/wiki/Von_der_Skyline_zum_Bordstein_zur%C3%BCck \"Von der Skyline zum Bordstein zurück\")* in September, with music completely sampled from the band, without permission. The rapper has sampled the songs \"Epitaph\" (from *[Planetary Confinement](/wiki/Planetary_Confinement \"Planetary Confinement\")*) and \"Terminal\" (from *[Lights Out](/wiki/Lights_Out_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Lights Out (Antimatter album)\")*) on his singles \"[Sonnenbank Flavour](/wiki/Sonnenbank_Flavour \"Sonnenbank Flavour\")\" and \"[Von der Skyline zum Bordstein zurück](/wiki/Von_der_Skyline_zum_Bordstein_zur%C3%BCck_%28song%29 \"Von der Skyline zum Bordstein zurück (song)\")\" respectively.\nIn late October, Moss accompanied Danny Cavanagh and Leafblade on a Norwegian tour.\n\n[Leaving Eden](/wiki/Leaving_Eden_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Leaving Eden (Antimatter album)\") is released on 13 April 2007\\. Moss spends the rest of the year touring the album, appearing in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Poland, Greece, Turkey, Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Italy, Latvia and Estonia.\n\nIn April 2008 Antimatter headlined Poland's Art Rock Festival in Poznan. Later that year, Moss instigates a union with Duncan Patterson for the purposes of performing live together under the heading of ‘An Evening of Antimatter, Anathema and Ion Music’, bringing together both writers’ musical back catalogue into one live show with the first tour in this format being in September with Patterson and Moss touring Portugal and Spain, and uniting again for tours in Hungary, Romania, Italy, Finland, France, Poland and Latvia to round the year off.\nIn October Moss announced a fifth album was in the construction stages, as well as ‘Alternative Matter’, a 10\\-year anniversary retrospective set of alternate versions and demos.\n\nIn 2009 Moss formed his own label, Music in Stone, to release Antimatter's ‘Live@An Club’, an acoustic performance recorded the previous year in Athens, Greece. The album was released on April 10, coinciding with the first show of Moss and Patterson's 3rd union tour. A month later they would headline at Germany's annual festival Wave Gotik Treffen, one of the largest worldwide gothic subculture events. In November, Turkish photographer and filmmaker Fethi Karaduman published his promo clip for Antimatter's ‘Epitaph’ track, from 2005's ‘Planetary Confinement’. In November/December, Moss and Patterson performed the fourth final union tour in Scandinavia.\n\n### Alternative Matter (2010–11\\)\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|250px\\|An image of an antimatter cloud generated by William Purcell of NASA, who granted Mick Moss permission to use the image as a cover for the 2010 compilation 'Alternative Matter'.](/wiki/File:Antihmota_CGRO.png \"Antihmota CGRO.png\")\n‘Alternative Matter’ was released in November 2010 in two versions, a 2\\-disc set digipack and a limited edition 4\\-disc artbook containing 100 pages of photographs and advanced liner notes by Moss, a bonus E.P. of material exorcised from the 2\\-disc version and a DVD containing a 30\\-minute documentary, Karaduman's ‘Epitaph’ promo, and a promo for ‘Conspire’ from Leaving Eden, featuring hand made animation by Krzysztof Baran. Moss also announced that he now had two new albums in the construction stages.\n\nIn 2011 the next Antimatter studio album was announced as 'Wide Awake in the Concrete Asylum', with demos being produced that year. In June Antimatter performed (by Marillion's request) at 'Marillion Weekend', in Leamington, with Moss forming a full line\\-up for the event, consisting of past and present session musicians from Antimatter's studio history. Antimatter were asked back to perform at 'Marillion Christmas' in December, at Manchester Academy.\n\n### Fear of a Unique Identity and Too Late (2012–14\\)\n\n2012 saw Moss enter Sandhills Studios to record the next Antimatter album, now re\\-titled to 'Fear of a Unique Identity'. At the same time 'Broken Smile' by The Beautified Project was released, featuring guest vocals by Moss, charting at Number 1 in their native Armenia. On 1 June, Moss announced that he had signed a two\\-album deal with Prophecy Productions for 'Fear Of A Unique Identity' and the 6th album 'The Judas Table'. At the end of the year, on 23 November, [Fear of a Unique Identity](/wiki/Fear_of_a_Unique_Identity \"Fear of a Unique Identity\") was released worldwide by Prophecy Productions, entering the official German Newcomer Chart at number 6\\.\n\n2013 saw Moss tour extensively with pianist/vocalist [Vic Anselmo](/wiki/Vic_Anselmo \"Vic Anselmo\"), throughout Europe, returning to Armenia In May that year to headline the '1st Annual Rock Fest Competition'. \nIn September, the first electric Antimatter shows were performed in Italy by Mick Moss with his live band, marking an immediate change from bare\\-bones acoustic tours to full electric tours from this point onward, including by a package tour with Finnish band [Swallow The Sun](/wiki/Swallow_The_Sun \"Swallow The Sun\") a month later, which Moss performed having been discharged from hospital after abdominal surgery only a day earlier.\n\nOn 18 March 2014, the song 'Too Late' was released digitally, which saw a return to a more acoustic\\-based sound in contrast to the New Wave sound of previous release 'Fear Of A Unique Identity', and ten days later the Antimatter live band embarked on a two\\-week tour performing the Leaving Eden album in its entirety. The tour would be repeated again in Autumn.\nOn 12 July, Antimatter opened the popular BeProg Festival in Barcelona, Spain, sharing the stage with Fish and Opeth. \nOn 31 October, Moss launched a new project Sleeping Pulse with Portuguese writer/guitarist Luis Fazendeiro, with the debut album 'Under The Same Sky' being released on Prophecy Productions. \nAt the end of the year, in late December, Moss toured alone playing one\\-man acoustic shows under the title of 'Mick Moss \\- Songbook' performing Antimatter songs along with a selection of covers.\n\n### The Judas Table, Welcome To The Machine and Live Between The Earth And Clouds (2015–17\\)\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|250px\\|Mick Moss performs an Antimatter set with his live band at Prophecy Festival, Balve, Germany in May 2016\\.](/wiki/File:Antimatter_%40_Prophecy_Fest_2016_02.jpg \"Antimatter @ Prophecy Fest 2016 02.jpg\")\nThroughout 2015, Moss continued his solo Songbook acoustic shows as well as pre\\-production on the upcoming 6th album 'The Judas Table'.\nIn Summer, the Antimatter live band performed a string of European festivals including Castle Party, Poland, Metalhead Meeting, Romania and two consecutive dates at Wave Gotik, Germany.\n[The Judas Table](/wiki/The_Judas_Table \"The Judas Table\") was released on 9 October 2015, coinciding with The Judas Tour and the release of the video to the song Stillborn Empires, and was the final Antimatter album to be released on long\\-term label Prophecy Productions, who had released every studio album since the debut in 2002\\.\nMoss travelled to Brazil in September to perform the first Antimatter show in South America at Overload Festival. \nThe year was rounded off by an appearance at Doom Over Kiev Festival, Ukraine.\n\nThe Judas Tour continued throughout 2016, as well as a series of two\\-man acoustic shows.\nOn 9 January, the live band performed a rare UK show at Camden, London. The evening was covered by Prog! magazine for issue 63, published the following month. The issue also featured a 4\\-page interview with Moss covering The Judas Table and Antimatter's history up until that date, marking the first major coverage of Antimatter in a UK publication. \nThe live band performed at Prophecy Festival, Balve, Germany on July 30, performing a set of songs from the first four albums. \nTwo singles, Welcome To The Machine and Too Late were released on 23 September. This marked the complete shift of Antimatter releases from Prophecy Productions to Moss' label Music In Stone, making Antimatter now a cottage industry a full eleven years after it had become Moss' solo project alone.\nThe year was rounded off by an appearance at Hammer Of Doom Festival, Germany on Nov 19th followed by a one\\-off show with a string quartet in Kiev, Ukraine on Nov 26th which Moss described as 'a bucket list moment'.\n\nThe CD/DVD Live Between The Earth and Clouds was released on 3 March 2017, coinciding with a short tour marking the 10th anniversary of Leaving Eden that imagined what the setlist might have been if Moss had been able to perform the album with a live band back in 2007 instead of being limited to acoustic shows.\nThe same month, the live band appeared at three festivals, Prog Dreams VI Festival, Netherlands, Darker Days Festival, UK and Music Drive Festival, Armenia.\nOn 8 May, Moss announced via the projects Facebook page that he was taking an 18\\-month break from touring (with the exemption of the few dates that were already booked but not performed yet). From this point onward, work began on the 7th Antimatter album.\n\n### Black Market Enlightenment and An Epitaph (2018–21\\)\n\nOn 13 July 2018 the live band performed at Night Of The Prog Festival, Germany, followed the next month by an appearance at Epic Eye Festival, Armenia. A promo video for the song 'The Third Arm' was released on 5 October. The 7th album [Black Market Enlightenment](/wiki/Black_Market_Enlightenment \"Black Market Enlightenment\") was released on November 9, 2018, signalling a return to full time touring after an 18\\-month hiatus, with 'Black Market Tour' lasting for most of November. The year was rounded off with appearances at Madrid Is The Dark Festival, Spain and Under The Doom Festival, Portugal on the 7th and 8 December.\n\n2019 began with an appearance in Dubai, UAE, marking the first ever appearance in the middle east. This was followed with the second leg of the Black Market Tour in March. In June, the promo video for 'The Third Arm' was nominated in the 'Video of the Year' category of the Progressive Music Awards 2019\\. On August 24, the live band performed at InoRock Festival, Poland, second on the bill to Anathema. October saw three festival appearances at Doom Over Kyiv, Ukraine, Into The Void Festival, Netherlands and Metal Gates Festival, Romania. On November 15, the CD/DVD 'An Epitaph' was released. The live recording from 2016 featured the live band playing with a string quartet and had been delayed for three years. Its release coincided with the first date of the third and final Black Market Tour which began with a second appearance at Hammer Of Doom Festival, Germany.\n\nOn 12 March 2020, the live band performed the first\\-ever electric show in Turkey. Plans for a duo of 20th Anniversary tours were cancelled due to the global impact of COVID\\-19\\.\n\nIn an interview with Rockway, Greece, recorded in 2018 and published on 14 January 2021, Mick Moss stated \"I do have the next album written... I've had the next album for years... I've got the title for the next album and all the songs... but I'm sitting on it for the time being. I'm a bit burned out after the last album. It hurt to make Black Market Enlightenment. I need a rest.\"\n\n",
"### Pre\\-History and Formation (1998–99\\)\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|The logo for Antimatter has been used on every release since the debut album 'Saviour' in 2001\\.](/wiki/File:Antimatter_Logo.jpg \"Antimatter Logo.jpg\")[thumb\\|right\\|The original line\\-up of the duo Antimatter, LTR Mick Moss, Duncan Patterson](/wiki/File:Antimatter2000.jpg \"Antimatter2000.jpg\")\nWithout hearing each other's latest recordings, in 1998 Duncan Patterson and Mick Moss had both reached the same place musically and philosophically. Patterson had just finished recording Anathema's 'Alternative 4' album and Moss had been working on a set of demos. The similarities were striking. Moss had produced 'Saviour', 'Over Your Shoulder' and 'Angelic', which drew parallels directly to Patterson's 'Empty', 'Feel' and 'Destiny'. Both sets of recordings were dark, melodic and minimal, lyrically dealing with a discomfort with oneself and others. Patterson at the time had grown restless with Anathema, and upon hearing Moss’ demos suggested they record together. Patterson quit Anathema in 1998 and re\\-recorded Moss’ 3 tracks as a demo to pass to labels, under the moniker of ‘Angelica’. The demo was originally rejected by Peaceville Records as being too melodic and not leaning enough towards heavy metal. Patterson later penned and recorded a 4th track, ‘Holocaust’, for the demo. In 1999, Australian band Cryptal Darkness contacted Patterson, and during a later conversation a member of CD (who also ran the group's label) asked Patterson what he had been involved with since leaving Anathema. Patterson mailed a cassette of the demo off, and upon hearing it the label agreed to release the duo's first album.\n\n",
"### Saviour (2000–02\\)\n\nSigned to Icon Records, in September 2000 they entered Academy Studios, Dewsbury, as Antimatter to record their debut album *[Saviour](/wiki/Saviour_%28album%29 \"Saviour (album)\")*. Patterson contributes the tracks \"Holocaust\", \"God Is Coming\", \"Flowers\" and \"Going Nowhere\", while Moss brings \"Saviour\", \"Over Your Shoulder\", \"Psalms\", \"Angelic\" and \"The Last Laugh\". Although Moss performed vocals on his original demos, Patterson has the idea to have mainly female vocals, performed by Michelle Richfield and Hayley Windsor. Moss performs vocals on two tracks only. Instrumentation is split between Patterson and Moss.\n\nIn 2001, the album and band received \"Album of the Year\" and \"Best Newcomer of the Year\" in *[Psycho!](/wiki/Psycho%21 \"Psycho!\")* magazine. Unfortunately, Antimatter's record label distributed only a small number of copies despite demand for much more, and it soon became apparent that the label wasn't able to manufacture and distribute copies of the album in reasonable numbers. Thus began a 12\\-month battle between act and label, with Icon Records holding onto the rights of *Saviour* despite being unable to release it.\n\nIn early 2002 Moss turned down an offer to join a burgeoning Anathema in the vacant bassplayer role for the 'A Natural Disaster' album onward, opting instead to stay with the still struggling Antimatter. In March Danny Cavanagh briefly and controversially quit Anathema with the intention of joining Antimatter, only to re\\-join Anathema weeks later. On July 29 *Saviour* finally received a substantial release with [Prophecy Productions](/wiki/Prophecy_Productions \"Prophecy Productions\") in Europe, followed by a North American release from [The End Records](/wiki/The_End_Records \"The End Records\") on September 24\\. In October Patterson finances a 5 date Western Europe tour, with Antimatter joined by Danny Cavanagh. Michelle Richfield and Hayley Windsor did not feature in the line\\-up, with lead vocals being taken by Mick Moss. The debut performance took place at 'The Frontline, Ghent, Belgium on October 4, followed by four more dates in France and Netherlands. Later that month, Moss published via the internet a free 5\\-track EP *A Dream for the Blind*, featuring recordings of himself and Cavanagh rehearsing in Liverpool for that year's debut tour. The release came complete with artwork to be printed off by the public.\n\n",
"### Lights Out and Live@K13 (2003\\)\n\nAntimatter entered the studio in January 2003 to record their 2nd album *[Lights Out](/wiki/Lights_Out_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Lights Out (Antimatter album)\")*, with Moss contributing the tracks \"Everything You Know Is Wrong\", \"The Art of a Soft Landing\", \"In Stone\" and \"Dream\", while Patterson brings \"Lights Out\", \"Expire\", \"Reality Clash\" and \"Terminal\". The album (recorded during a month is Sun Studios Dublin) marks a shift from its predecessor. Despite the presence of guest vocalists Michelle Richfield and Hayley Windsor, Moss now performs vocals on most of his own tracks and half of Patterson's. In March, the track \"Over Your Shoulder\", from the debut album *Saviour* is used for soundtrack purposes in MTV's reality TV show *[Sorority Life](/wiki/Sorority_Life \"Sorority Life\")*.\nIn May/June 2003 Antimatter toured the [West Coast of the United States](/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States \"West Coast of the United States\") with [Virgin Black](/wiki/Virgin_Black \"Virgin Black\") and [Agalloch](/wiki/Agalloch \"Agalloch\"). Afterwards, Antimatter, accompanied by Mehdi Messouci (VÆV, Breaklose) on piano and backing vocals, headed into Europe to perform in Greece and then into Asia, performing in Istanbul, rounding off the tour with an appearance at a festival in Skali, Cyprus. On June 24, [Lights Out](/wiki/Lights_Out_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Lights Out (Antimatter album)\") is released. At the same time, Patterson releases the acoustic live album *[Live@K13](/wiki/Live%40K13 \"Live@K13\")* (recorded during their debut tour in 2002\\) on his record label [Strangelight Records](/wiki/Strangelight_Records \"Strangelight Records\"). A month later, in July, Antimatter headlined Estonia's annual festival Hard Rock Laager, the country's largest alternative music festival held in the village of Vana\\-Vigala. In October 2003, Antimatter reconvened to Sun Studios, Dublin, to record a version of [Dead Can Dance](/wiki/Dead_Can_Dance \"Dead Can Dance\")’s \"Black Sun\". The recording is followed by a tour of Germany with Autumnblaze. In December 2003, Antimatter published onto the internet the album *Unreleased 98\\-03*, featuring demos and unheard versions of songs from the first two albums. The album was made available as a free download and once again came complete with artwork.\n\n",
"### Planetary Confinement and Patterson's departure (2004–05\\)\n\nIn 2004, Patterson made the decision to quit Antimatter to pursue his solo project 'Ion', but not before contributing to his final album with the band, [Planetary Confinement](/wiki/Planetary_Confinement \"Planetary Confinement\"), an album to be recorded in two\\-halves, one by Moss in England, the other by Patterson in Ireland and France. On May 25 'The Lotus Eaters \\- A Tribute To Dead Can Dance' is released, featuring Antimatter's version of Black Sun, recorded in October 2003\\. Moss's English sessions (‘Weight of The World’, ‘Legions’, ‘Epitaph’ and ‘A Portrait of the Young Man as an Artist’) commenced on 16 July in Studio 33, Liverpool, and featured a band assembled by Moss that year (Rachel Brewster – Violins, Ste Hughes – Bass and Chris Phillips – Drums), with Moss choosing to forgo any guest vocalists, performing all vocal parts himself. Patterson's sessions ('Planetary Confinement', 'Line of Fire', 'Mr White', 'Relapse' and 'Eternty Pt24') followed in December of the same year, with the vocal duties held by Amelie Festa and extra instrumentation by Mehdi Messouci (VÆV, Breaklose), Barry Whyte, Alex Mazarguil (Breaklose) and Micheál ó Croinín. By comparison Moss produced more organic sounding recordings while Patterson's still retained an electronic edge despite being acoustic based.\n\n*Planetary Confinement*, a stark acoustic album in the face of two previous semi\\-electronic outings, was released on 29 July 2005, signalling Patterson's official departure from the project. Patterson announced his Ion project, while Moss simultaneously announced he would continue with Antimatter and was wrapping up the writing to the 4th album, to be titled ‘Leaving Eden’.\n\n",
"### Leaving Eden and Live@An Club (2006–09\\)\n\n \n\nIn June 2006, Moss entered Fair Trade Studios, Liverpool, to record Antimatter's 4th album *Leaving Eden*, re\\-assembling the band he had originally formed for his 'Planetary Confinement' sessions, with the addition of Danny Cavanagh.\nGerman rapper [Bushido](/wiki/Bushido_%28rapper%29 \"Bushido (rapper)\") has released his fourth studio album *[Von der Skyline zum Bordstein zurück](/wiki/Von_der_Skyline_zum_Bordstein_zur%C3%BCck \"Von der Skyline zum Bordstein zurück\")* in September, with music completely sampled from the band, without permission. The rapper has sampled the songs \"Epitaph\" (from *[Planetary Confinement](/wiki/Planetary_Confinement \"Planetary Confinement\")*) and \"Terminal\" (from *[Lights Out](/wiki/Lights_Out_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Lights Out (Antimatter album)\")*) on his singles \"[Sonnenbank Flavour](/wiki/Sonnenbank_Flavour \"Sonnenbank Flavour\")\" and \"[Von der Skyline zum Bordstein zurück](/wiki/Von_der_Skyline_zum_Bordstein_zur%C3%BCck_%28song%29 \"Von der Skyline zum Bordstein zurück (song)\")\" respectively.\nIn late October, Moss accompanied Danny Cavanagh and Leafblade on a Norwegian tour.\n\n[Leaving Eden](/wiki/Leaving_Eden_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Leaving Eden (Antimatter album)\") is released on 13 April 2007\\. Moss spends the rest of the year touring the album, appearing in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Poland, Greece, Turkey, Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Italy, Latvia and Estonia.\n\nIn April 2008 Antimatter headlined Poland's Art Rock Festival in Poznan. Later that year, Moss instigates a union with Duncan Patterson for the purposes of performing live together under the heading of ‘An Evening of Antimatter, Anathema and Ion Music’, bringing together both writers’ musical back catalogue into one live show with the first tour in this format being in September with Patterson and Moss touring Portugal and Spain, and uniting again for tours in Hungary, Romania, Italy, Finland, France, Poland and Latvia to round the year off.\nIn October Moss announced a fifth album was in the construction stages, as well as ‘Alternative Matter’, a 10\\-year anniversary retrospective set of alternate versions and demos.\n\nIn 2009 Moss formed his own label, Music in Stone, to release Antimatter's ‘Live@An Club’, an acoustic performance recorded the previous year in Athens, Greece. The album was released on April 10, coinciding with the first show of Moss and Patterson's 3rd union tour. A month later they would headline at Germany's annual festival Wave Gotik Treffen, one of the largest worldwide gothic subculture events. In November, Turkish photographer and filmmaker Fethi Karaduman published his promo clip for Antimatter's ‘Epitaph’ track, from 2005's ‘Planetary Confinement’. In November/December, Moss and Patterson performed the fourth final union tour in Scandinavia.\n\n",
"### Alternative Matter (2010–11\\)\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|250px\\|An image of an antimatter cloud generated by William Purcell of NASA, who granted Mick Moss permission to use the image as a cover for the 2010 compilation 'Alternative Matter'.](/wiki/File:Antihmota_CGRO.png \"Antihmota CGRO.png\")\n‘Alternative Matter’ was released in November 2010 in two versions, a 2\\-disc set digipack and a limited edition 4\\-disc artbook containing 100 pages of photographs and advanced liner notes by Moss, a bonus E.P. of material exorcised from the 2\\-disc version and a DVD containing a 30\\-minute documentary, Karaduman's ‘Epitaph’ promo, and a promo for ‘Conspire’ from Leaving Eden, featuring hand made animation by Krzysztof Baran. Moss also announced that he now had two new albums in the construction stages.\n\nIn 2011 the next Antimatter studio album was announced as 'Wide Awake in the Concrete Asylum', with demos being produced that year. In June Antimatter performed (by Marillion's request) at 'Marillion Weekend', in Leamington, with Moss forming a full line\\-up for the event, consisting of past and present session musicians from Antimatter's studio history. Antimatter were asked back to perform at 'Marillion Christmas' in December, at Manchester Academy.\n\n",
"### Fear of a Unique Identity and Too Late (2012–14\\)\n\n2012 saw Moss enter Sandhills Studios to record the next Antimatter album, now re\\-titled to 'Fear of a Unique Identity'. At the same time 'Broken Smile' by The Beautified Project was released, featuring guest vocals by Moss, charting at Number 1 in their native Armenia. On 1 June, Moss announced that he had signed a two\\-album deal with Prophecy Productions for 'Fear Of A Unique Identity' and the 6th album 'The Judas Table'. At the end of the year, on 23 November, [Fear of a Unique Identity](/wiki/Fear_of_a_Unique_Identity \"Fear of a Unique Identity\") was released worldwide by Prophecy Productions, entering the official German Newcomer Chart at number 6\\.\n\n2013 saw Moss tour extensively with pianist/vocalist [Vic Anselmo](/wiki/Vic_Anselmo \"Vic Anselmo\"), throughout Europe, returning to Armenia In May that year to headline the '1st Annual Rock Fest Competition'. \nIn September, the first electric Antimatter shows were performed in Italy by Mick Moss with his live band, marking an immediate change from bare\\-bones acoustic tours to full electric tours from this point onward, including by a package tour with Finnish band [Swallow The Sun](/wiki/Swallow_The_Sun \"Swallow The Sun\") a month later, which Moss performed having been discharged from hospital after abdominal surgery only a day earlier.\n\nOn 18 March 2014, the song 'Too Late' was released digitally, which saw a return to a more acoustic\\-based sound in contrast to the New Wave sound of previous release 'Fear Of A Unique Identity', and ten days later the Antimatter live band embarked on a two\\-week tour performing the Leaving Eden album in its entirety. The tour would be repeated again in Autumn.\nOn 12 July, Antimatter opened the popular BeProg Festival in Barcelona, Spain, sharing the stage with Fish and Opeth. \nOn 31 October, Moss launched a new project Sleeping Pulse with Portuguese writer/guitarist Luis Fazendeiro, with the debut album 'Under The Same Sky' being released on Prophecy Productions. \nAt the end of the year, in late December, Moss toured alone playing one\\-man acoustic shows under the title of 'Mick Moss \\- Songbook' performing Antimatter songs along with a selection of covers.\n\n",
"### The Judas Table, Welcome To The Machine and Live Between The Earth And Clouds (2015–17\\)\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|250px\\|Mick Moss performs an Antimatter set with his live band at Prophecy Festival, Balve, Germany in May 2016\\.](/wiki/File:Antimatter_%40_Prophecy_Fest_2016_02.jpg \"Antimatter @ Prophecy Fest 2016 02.jpg\")\nThroughout 2015, Moss continued his solo Songbook acoustic shows as well as pre\\-production on the upcoming 6th album 'The Judas Table'.\nIn Summer, the Antimatter live band performed a string of European festivals including Castle Party, Poland, Metalhead Meeting, Romania and two consecutive dates at Wave Gotik, Germany.\n[The Judas Table](/wiki/The_Judas_Table \"The Judas Table\") was released on 9 October 2015, coinciding with The Judas Tour and the release of the video to the song Stillborn Empires, and was the final Antimatter album to be released on long\\-term label Prophecy Productions, who had released every studio album since the debut in 2002\\.\nMoss travelled to Brazil in September to perform the first Antimatter show in South America at Overload Festival. \nThe year was rounded off by an appearance at Doom Over Kiev Festival, Ukraine.\n\nThe Judas Tour continued throughout 2016, as well as a series of two\\-man acoustic shows.\nOn 9 January, the live band performed a rare UK show at Camden, London. The evening was covered by Prog! magazine for issue 63, published the following month. The issue also featured a 4\\-page interview with Moss covering The Judas Table and Antimatter's history up until that date, marking the first major coverage of Antimatter in a UK publication. \nThe live band performed at Prophecy Festival, Balve, Germany on July 30, performing a set of songs from the first four albums. \nTwo singles, Welcome To The Machine and Too Late were released on 23 September. This marked the complete shift of Antimatter releases from Prophecy Productions to Moss' label Music In Stone, making Antimatter now a cottage industry a full eleven years after it had become Moss' solo project alone.\nThe year was rounded off by an appearance at Hammer Of Doom Festival, Germany on Nov 19th followed by a one\\-off show with a string quartet in Kiev, Ukraine on Nov 26th which Moss described as 'a bucket list moment'.\n\nThe CD/DVD Live Between The Earth and Clouds was released on 3 March 2017, coinciding with a short tour marking the 10th anniversary of Leaving Eden that imagined what the setlist might have been if Moss had been able to perform the album with a live band back in 2007 instead of being limited to acoustic shows.\nThe same month, the live band appeared at three festivals, Prog Dreams VI Festival, Netherlands, Darker Days Festival, UK and Music Drive Festival, Armenia.\nOn 8 May, Moss announced via the projects Facebook page that he was taking an 18\\-month break from touring (with the exemption of the few dates that were already booked but not performed yet). From this point onward, work began on the 7th Antimatter album.\n\n",
"### Black Market Enlightenment and An Epitaph (2018–21\\)\n\nOn 13 July 2018 the live band performed at Night Of The Prog Festival, Germany, followed the next month by an appearance at Epic Eye Festival, Armenia. A promo video for the song 'The Third Arm' was released on 5 October. The 7th album [Black Market Enlightenment](/wiki/Black_Market_Enlightenment \"Black Market Enlightenment\") was released on November 9, 2018, signalling a return to full time touring after an 18\\-month hiatus, with 'Black Market Tour' lasting for most of November. The year was rounded off with appearances at Madrid Is The Dark Festival, Spain and Under The Doom Festival, Portugal on the 7th and 8 December.\n\n2019 began with an appearance in Dubai, UAE, marking the first ever appearance in the middle east. This was followed with the second leg of the Black Market Tour in March. In June, the promo video for 'The Third Arm' was nominated in the 'Video of the Year' category of the Progressive Music Awards 2019\\. On August 24, the live band performed at InoRock Festival, Poland, second on the bill to Anathema. October saw three festival appearances at Doom Over Kyiv, Ukraine, Into The Void Festival, Netherlands and Metal Gates Festival, Romania. On November 15, the CD/DVD 'An Epitaph' was released. The live recording from 2016 featured the live band playing with a string quartet and had been delayed for three years. Its release coincided with the first date of the third and final Black Market Tour which began with a second appearance at Hammer Of Doom Festival, Germany.\n\nOn 12 March 2020, the live band performed the first\\-ever electric show in Turkey. Plans for a duo of 20th Anniversary tours were cancelled due to the global impact of COVID\\-19\\.\n\nIn an interview with Rockway, Greece, recorded in 2018 and published on 14 January 2021, Mick Moss stated \"I do have the next album written... I've had the next album for years... I've got the title for the next album and all the songs... but I'm sitting on it for the time being. I'm a bit burned out after the last album. It hurt to make Black Market Enlightenment. I need a rest.\"\n\n",
"Discography\n-----------\n\n### Studio albums\n\n* *[Saviour](/wiki/Saviour_%28album%29 \"Saviour (album)\")* (2001\\)\n* *[Lights Out](/wiki/Lights_Out_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Lights Out (Antimatter album)\")* (2003\\)\n* *[Planetary Confinement](/wiki/Planetary_Confinement \"Planetary Confinement\")* (2005\\)\n* *[Leaving Eden](/wiki/Leaving_Eden_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Leaving Eden (Antimatter album)\")* (2007\\)\n* *[Fear of a Unique Identity](/wiki/Fear_of_a_Unique_Identity \"Fear of a Unique Identity\")* (2012\\)\n* *[The Judas Table](/wiki/The_Judas_Table \"The Judas Table\")* (2015\\)\n* *[Black Market Enlightenment](/wiki/Black_Market_Enlightenment \"Black Market Enlightenment\")* (2018\\)\n* *A Profusion of Thought* (2022\\)\n\n### Singles/EPs\n\n* *Too Late* (2014\\)\n* [Welcome to the Machine](/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Machine_%28EP%29 \"Welcome to the Machine (EP)\") (2016\\)\n\n### Video albums\n\n* \"[Live Between The Earth \\& Clouds](/wiki/Live_Between_The_Earth_%26_Clouds \"Live Between The Earth & Clouds\")\" DVD/CD (2017\\)\n* \"[An Epitaph](/wiki/An_Epitaph_%28album%29 \"An Epitaph (album)\")\" DVD/CD (2019\\)\n\n### Compilation albums\n\n* *Unreleased 1998–2003* (2003\\)\n* *[Alternative Matter](/wiki/Alternative_Matter \"Alternative Matter\")* (2010\\)\n* *Timeline: An Introduction To Antimatter* (2015\\)\n\n### Live albums\n\n* *Live@K13* (2004\\)\n* *[Live@An Club](/wiki/Live%40An_Club \"Live@An Club\")* (2009\\)\n\n### Promo videos\n\n* *Epitaph* (Fethi Karaduman)\n* *Conspire* (Krzystof Baran)\n* *Uniformed \\& Black* (Mehdi Messouci)\n* *Stillborn Empires* (Tomfoolery Pictures)\n* The Third Arm (MG Studio)\n",
"### Studio albums\n\n* *[Saviour](/wiki/Saviour_%28album%29 \"Saviour (album)\")* (2001\\)\n* *[Lights Out](/wiki/Lights_Out_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Lights Out (Antimatter album)\")* (2003\\)\n* *[Planetary Confinement](/wiki/Planetary_Confinement \"Planetary Confinement\")* (2005\\)\n* *[Leaving Eden](/wiki/Leaving_Eden_%28Antimatter_album%29 \"Leaving Eden (Antimatter album)\")* (2007\\)\n* *[Fear of a Unique Identity](/wiki/Fear_of_a_Unique_Identity \"Fear of a Unique Identity\")* (2012\\)\n* *[The Judas Table](/wiki/The_Judas_Table \"The Judas Table\")* (2015\\)\n* *[Black Market Enlightenment](/wiki/Black_Market_Enlightenment \"Black Market Enlightenment\")* (2018\\)\n* *A Profusion of Thought* (2022\\)\n",
"### Singles/EPs\n\n* *Too Late* (2014\\)\n* [Welcome to the Machine](/wiki/Welcome_to_the_Machine_%28EP%29 \"Welcome to the Machine (EP)\") (2016\\)\n",
"### Video albums\n\n* \"[Live Between The Earth \\& Clouds](/wiki/Live_Between_The_Earth_%26_Clouds \"Live Between The Earth & Clouds\")\" DVD/CD (2017\\)\n* \"[An Epitaph](/wiki/An_Epitaph_%28album%29 \"An Epitaph (album)\")\" DVD/CD (2019\\)\n",
"### Compilation albums\n\n* *Unreleased 1998–2003* (2003\\)\n* *[Alternative Matter](/wiki/Alternative_Matter \"Alternative Matter\")* (2010\\)\n* *Timeline: An Introduction To Antimatter* (2015\\)\n",
"### Live albums\n\n* *Live@K13* (2004\\)\n* *[Live@An Club](/wiki/Live%40An_Club \"Live@An Club\")* (2009\\)\n",
"### Promo videos\n\n* *Epitaph* (Fethi Karaduman)\n* *Conspire* (Krzystof Baran)\n* *Uniformed \\& Black* (Mehdi Messouci)\n* *Stillborn Empires* (Tomfoolery Pictures)\n* The Third Arm (MG Studio)\n",
"Members\n-------\n\n### Current members\n\n* Mick Moss – lead vocals, acoustic solo \\& electric guitar, bass guitar, keyboards and samples, orchestral arr., producer (1998–present)\n\n### Former members\n\n* Duncan Patterson – bass guitar, acoustic \\& electric guitar, keyboards and samples, producer (1998\\-2005\\)\n\n### Session touring members\n\n* Danny Cavanagh \\- piano, lead guitar, backing vocals (2002, 2006–2007\\)\n* Mehdi Messouci \\- piano, backing vocals (2003\\)\n* Hayley Windsor \\- backing vocals (2003\\)\n* Pete Gilchrist \\- backing vocals (2007\\)\n* Rachel Brewster \\- violin (2008, 2015\\)\n* Colin Fromont \\- percussion, drums (2008, 2011\\)\n* Lisa Cuthbert \\- piano, backing vocals (2009, 2011\\)\n* David Hall \\- lead guitar, backing vocals (2011–present)\n* Ste Hughes \\- bass (2011, 2013–present)\n* Mark Kriegs \\- bass (2012\\)\n* Vic Anselmo \\- piano, backing vocals (2013\\)\n* Liam Edwards \\- drums (2013\\-2016\\)\n* Jenny O'Connor \\- backing vocals (2015\\)\n* Fab Regmann \\- drums (2016–present)\n\n### Timeline\n\n",
"### Current members\n\n* Mick Moss – lead vocals, acoustic solo \\& electric guitar, bass guitar, keyboards and samples, orchestral arr., producer (1998–present)\n",
"### Former members\n\n* Duncan Patterson – bass guitar, acoustic \\& electric guitar, keyboards and samples, producer (1998\\-2005\\)\n",
"### Session touring members\n\n* Danny Cavanagh \\- piano, lead guitar, backing vocals (2002, 2006–2007\\)\n* Mehdi Messouci \\- piano, backing vocals (2003\\)\n* Hayley Windsor \\- backing vocals (2003\\)\n* Pete Gilchrist \\- backing vocals (2007\\)\n* Rachel Brewster \\- violin (2008, 2015\\)\n* Colin Fromont \\- percussion, drums (2008, 2011\\)\n* Lisa Cuthbert \\- piano, backing vocals (2009, 2011\\)\n* David Hall \\- lead guitar, backing vocals (2011–present)\n* Ste Hughes \\- bass (2011, 2013–present)\n* Mark Kriegs \\- bass (2012\\)\n* Vic Anselmo \\- piano, backing vocals (2013\\)\n* Liam Edwards \\- drums (2013\\-2016\\)\n* Jenny O'Connor \\- backing vocals (2015\\)\n* Fab Regmann \\- drums (2016–present)\n",
"### Timeline\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official site](http://www.antimatteronline.com)\n* [Duncan Patterson dot com](https://web.archive.org/web/20120206005624/http://www.duncanpatterson.com/)\n* [Antimatter @ MySpace.com](http://www.myspace.com/antimatterband)\n\n### Interviews\n\n* Noizr Zine. \"[Backstage with Antimatter. The new record and performance in Kyiv](https://noizr.com/news/interviews/backstage-with-antimatter.-the-new-record-and-performance-in-kyiv/:672/).\" Noizr.com, 28 October 2015\\.\n* Bellipanni, Paolo and Annarosa Moroni. \"[Interview with Mick Moss](https://web.archive.org/web/20070817110537/http://www.rockline.it/modules.php?name=Interviste&rop=view_int&id=219).\" Rockline.it, 29 June 2007\\. \n* Golden, Barbara. \"Conversation with Antimatter.\" [*eContact! 12\\.2 — Interviews (2\\)*](http://cec.concordia.ca/econtact/12_2/interviews_golden.html) (April 2010\\). Montréal: [CEC](/wiki/Canadian_Electroacoustic_Community \"Canadian Electroacoustic Community\").\n* Reza. \"Q\\&A with Antimatter.\" [*TiKWiD's Interview with Antimatter*](http://tikwid.com/2012/03/06/questions-and-answers-with-antimatter/) (March 2012\\). Iran\n\n[Category:English gothic rock groups](/wiki/Category:English_gothic_rock_groups \"English gothic rock groups\")\n[Category:English progressive rock groups](/wiki/Category:English_progressive_rock_groups \"English progressive rock groups\")\n[Category:Trip hop groups](/wiki/Category:Trip_hop_groups \"Trip hop groups\")\n[Category:Musical groups established in 1998](/wiki/Category:Musical_groups_established_in_1998 \"Musical groups established in 1998\")\n[Category:Rock music groups from Liverpool](/wiki/Category:Rock_music_groups_from_Liverpool \"Rock music groups from Liverpool\")\n[Category:1998 establishments in England](/wiki/Category:1998_establishments_in_England \"1998 establishments in England\")\n\n",
"### Interviews\n\n* Noizr Zine. \"[Backstage with Antimatter. The new record and performance in Kyiv](https://noizr.com/news/interviews/backstage-with-antimatter.-the-new-record-and-performance-in-kyiv/:672/).\" Noizr.com, 28 October 2015\\.\n* Bellipanni, Paolo and Annarosa Moroni. \"[Interview with Mick Moss](https://web.archive.org/web/20070817110537/http://www.rockline.it/modules.php?name=Interviste&rop=view_int&id=219).\" Rockline.it, 29 June 2007\\. \n* Golden, Barbara. \"Conversation with Antimatter.\" [*eContact! 12\\.2 — Interviews (2\\)*](http://cec.concordia.ca/econtact/12_2/interviews_golden.html) (April 2010\\). Montréal: [CEC](/wiki/Canadian_Electroacoustic_Community \"Canadian Electroacoustic Community\").\n* Reza. \"Q\\&A with Antimatter.\" [*TiKWiD's Interview with Antimatter*](http://tikwid.com/2012/03/06/questions-and-answers-with-antimatter/) (March 2012\\). Iran\n\n[Category:English gothic rock groups](/wiki/Category:English_gothic_rock_groups \"English gothic rock groups\")\n[Category:English progressive rock groups](/wiki/Category:English_progressive_rock_groups \"English progressive rock groups\")\n[Category:Trip hop groups](/wiki/Category:Trip_hop_groups \"Trip hop groups\")\n[Category:Musical groups established in 1998](/wiki/Category:Musical_groups_established_in_1998 \"Musical groups established in 1998\")\n[Category:Rock music groups from Liverpool](/wiki/Category:Rock_music_groups_from_Liverpool \"Rock music groups from Liverpool\")\n[Category:1998 establishments in England](/wiki/Category:1998_establishments_in_England \"1998 establishments in England\")\n\n"
]
}
|
High Wall
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2600:6C54:4D00:6B6:8130:EF57:38B2:2392"
]
}
|
dap2jktgkms7k8g6rarf6cmmv3tml1w
|
2024-10-14T02:32:26Z
| 1,248,528,903 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Cast",
"Reception",
"Critical response",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nFormer WWII bomber pilot and recent ex\\-mercenary flyer Steven Kenet crashes his car into a river, trying to cover the evident strangulation murder of his wife with a suicide. He survives but is sent to the county psychiatric hospital for evaluation to determine if he is sane enough to be charged with murder. He has no memory of what happened, due to a pre\\-existing wartime brain injury having been reaggravated by a crash in Burma.\n\nDr. Ann Lorrison takes an interest in his case, and in him. Surgery could relieve Kenet's brain injury, but he refuses to consent to it, stalling for time till he can find a way to clear himself and be able to take care of his six year\\-old son. In spite of pressure from the district attorney's office on hospital administrators to force a surgery on him, they refuse. However, when Lorrison informs him that his mother has died, ostensibly dooming his son to a county orphanage, Kenet changes his mind.\n\nHenry Cronner, janitor of the apartment building where Kennet's wife's boss, Willard Whitcombe lives, attempts to blackmail him over his potential role in her death. After being rebuffed, Cronner goes to see Kenet, hinting he can save him but withholding details until Kenet can pay. Before Kenet can, Whitcombe sends Cronner plummeting to his death down the building's elevator shaft.\n\nKenet undergoes \"[narcosynthesis](/wiki/Narcosynthesis \"Narcosynthesis\")\"—a light dose of [sodium pentothal](/wiki/Sodium_pentothal \"Sodium pentothal\")—to help him remember what happened. He recalls blacking out just as his hands were around his wife's neck and later regaining consciousness to find her dead body. Kenet hides in Lorrison's car to escape from the hospital, then breaks into Whitcombe's apartment and recreates a scene resembling that revealed under the drug. He returns to the hospital, unnoticed and unbetrayed by Dr. Lorrison, waiting patiently for Whitcombe to contact him.\n\nWhitcombe shows, but cunningly provokes Kenet into a murderous rage by confessing his two killings. In desperation, Kenet steals Lorrison's car and breaks out of the hospital. He eludes a sweeping manhunt for a \"homicidal maniac\" on the loose, and manages to get to Whitcombe's apartment, accompanied by Lorrison, who refuses to leave him. In a brutal fistfight he dazes Whitcombe. Seizing the opportunity, Lorrison administers sodium pentothal to him. Whitcombe recounts how he had tried to end his affair with the greedy Helen Kenet after finding her husband unconscious in his apartment, but she threatened to cause a scandal and ruin any chance of him becoming a partner in his firm. So he murdered her.\n\nHis complete confession is given in front of a waiting clutch of policemen, and the D.A., who tells Kenet he is free to go. Even if everything Whitcombe said under the truth serum will be inadmissible in court, he's confident of getting it all the old fashioned way. Kenet and Lorrison go to her home, where she has had custody of his son the entire time. Kenet is reunited with the boy, and the couple are finally able to pursue their romantic attraction.\n\n",
"Cast\n----\n\n* [Robert Taylor](/wiki/Robert_Taylor_%28American_actor%29 \"Robert Taylor (American actor)\") as Steven Kenet\n* [Audrey Totter](/wiki/Audrey_Totter \"Audrey Totter\") as Dr. Ann Lorrison\n* [Herbert Marshall](/wiki/Herbert_Marshall \"Herbert Marshall\") as Willard I. Whitcombe\n* [Dorothy Patrick](/wiki/Dorothy_Patrick \"Dorothy Patrick\") as Helen Kenet\n* [H. B. Warner](/wiki/H._B._Warner \"H. B. Warner\") as Mr. Slocum\n* [Warner Anderson](/wiki/Warner_Anderson \"Warner Anderson\") as Dr. George Poward\n* [Moroni Olsen](/wiki/Moroni_Olsen \"Moroni Olsen\") as Dr. Philip Dunlap\n* [John Ridgely](/wiki/John_Ridgely \"John Ridgely\") as Asst. District Attorney David Wallace\n* [Morris Ankrum](/wiki/Morris_Ankrum \"Morris Ankrum\") as Dr. Stanley Griffin\n* [Elisabeth Risdon](/wiki/Elisabeth_Risdon \"Elisabeth Risdon\") as Mrs. Kenet, Steven's mother\n* [Vince Barnett](/wiki/Vince_Barnett \"Vince Barnett\") as Henry Cronner\n* [Jonathan Hale](/wiki/Jonathan_Hale \"Jonathan Hale\") as Emory Garrison\n* [Charles Arnt](/wiki/Charles_Arnt \"Charles Arnt\") as Sidney X. Hackle, Steven's court\\-appointed lawyer\n* [Lisa Golm](/wiki/Lisa_Golm \"Lisa Golm\") as Dr. Golm\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\nThe film had a budget of $1,844,000, and earned $1,553,000 in the US and Canada and $1,065,000 elsewhere, resulting either in a profit of $744,000 or a loss of $101,000,[\"Top Grossers of 1948\", *Variety* 5 January 1949 p 46](https://archive.org/stream/variety173-1949-01#page/n45/mode/1up) depending on the period sources consulted.\n\n### Critical response\n\nA contemporary review in *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")* said: \"As straight movie melodrama, employing modern psychotherapy, *High Wall* is a likely lot of terrors, morbid and socially cynical. Just the thing for your holiday entertainment—unless, of course, you are sane.\"[*The New York Times*](https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B0CEFDE1E3BEF3ABC4E51DFB467838C659EDE). Film review, December 26, 1947\\. Accessed: July 17, 2013\\.\n\nIn 1984 writer Spencer Selby called *High Wall* \"stylish, representative of late forties noir thrillers.\"\n\nIn 2006 film critic Dennis Schwartz called it \"a tepid and chatty psychological melodrama that is embellished with black\\-and\\-white film noir visuals by the adept camerawork of Nicolas Vogel,\" but thought the main cast \"adequate but too bland to convince us that their romance was possible. Robert Taylor's personal despair was more like angst in a soap opera than film noir. The film's biggest faults were that it was never convincing as a mystery story, that the romance story was more Hollywood fantasy than real, that the truth serum is so casually accepted as the answer to establishing the truth and that brain surgery can so easily cure Taylor of his mental disorder.\"[Schwartz, Dennis](http://homepages.sover.net/~ozus/highwall.htm) . *Ozus' World Movie Reviews*, film review, September 23, 2004\\. Accessed: July 17, 2013\\.\n\nHas been shown on the [Turner Classic Movies](/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies \"Turner Classic Movies\") show 'Noir Alley' with [Eddie Muller](/wiki/Eddie_Muller \"Eddie Muller\").\n\n",
"### Critical response\n\nA contemporary review in *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")* said: \"As straight movie melodrama, employing modern psychotherapy, *High Wall* is a likely lot of terrors, morbid and socially cynical. Just the thing for your holiday entertainment—unless, of course, you are sane.\"[*The New York Times*](https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9B0CEFDE1E3BEF3ABC4E51DFB467838C659EDE). Film review, December 26, 1947\\. Accessed: July 17, 2013\\.\n\nIn 1984 writer Spencer Selby called *High Wall* \"stylish, representative of late forties noir thrillers.\"\n\nIn 2006 film critic Dennis Schwartz called it \"a tepid and chatty psychological melodrama that is embellished with black\\-and\\-white film noir visuals by the adept camerawork of Nicolas Vogel,\" but thought the main cast \"adequate but too bland to convince us that their romance was possible. Robert Taylor's personal despair was more like angst in a soap opera than film noir. The film's biggest faults were that it was never convincing as a mystery story, that the romance story was more Hollywood fantasy than real, that the truth serum is so casually accepted as the answer to establishing the truth and that brain surgery can so easily cure Taylor of his mental disorder.\"[Schwartz, Dennis](http://homepages.sover.net/~ozus/highwall.htm) . *Ozus' World Movie Reviews*, film review, September 23, 2004\\. Accessed: July 17, 2013\\.\n\nHas been shown on the [Turner Classic Movies](/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies \"Turner Classic Movies\") show 'Noir Alley' with [Eddie Muller](/wiki/Eddie_Muller \"Eddie Muller\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1947 films](/wiki/Category:1947_films \"1947 films\")\n[Category:1947 crime drama films](/wiki/Category:1947_crime_drama_films \"1947 crime drama films\")\n[Category:American black\\-and\\-white films](/wiki/Category:American_black-and-white_films \"American black-and-white films\")\n[Category:American crime drama films](/wiki/Category:American_crime_drama_films \"American crime drama films\")\n[Category:American films based on plays](/wiki/Category:American_films_based_on_plays \"American films based on plays\")\n[Category:Film noir](/wiki/Category:Film_noir \"Film noir\")\n[Category:Films about amnesia](/wiki/Category:Films_about_amnesia \"Films about amnesia\")\n[Category:Films about psychiatry](/wiki/Category:Films_about_psychiatry \"Films about psychiatry\")\n[Category:Films directed by Curtis Bernhardt](/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Curtis_Bernhardt \"Films directed by Curtis Bernhardt\")\n[Category:Films produced by Robert Lord (screenwriter)](/wiki/Category:Films_produced_by_Robert_Lord_%28screenwriter%29 \"Films produced by Robert Lord (screenwriter)\")\n[Category:Films scored by Bronisław Kaper](/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Bronis%C5%82aw_Kaper \"Films scored by Bronisław Kaper\")\n[Category:Metro\\-Goldwyn\\-Mayer films](/wiki/Category:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer_films \"Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films\")\n[Category:1940s English\\-language films](/wiki/Category:1940s_English-language_films \"1940s English-language films\")\n[Category:1940s American films](/wiki/Category:1940s_American_films \"1940s American films\")\n[Category:English\\-language crime drama films](/wiki/Category:English-language_crime_drama_films \"English-language crime drama films\")\n\n"
]
}
|
List of WonderSwan Color games
|
{
"id": [
47311064
],
"name": [
"Neo Purgatorio"
]
}
|
0x7q67pydntch2tadrv4g1wnhuj1amw
|
2024-09-16T07:26:46Z
| 1,232,725,201 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Cancelled games",
"Notes",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|The WonderSwan Color](/wiki/File:WonderSwan-Color-Blue-Left.jpg \"WonderSwan-Color-Blue-Left.jpg\")\nThis is a list of games for the [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") [WonderSwan Color](/wiki/WonderSwan_Color \"WonderSwan Color\") handheld video game system, organized alphabetically by name. [Games for the original WonderSwan](/wiki/List_of_WonderSwan_games \"List of WonderSwan games\") also work on the WonderSwan Color, but are listed separately.\n\nThe WonderSwan Color has **** games.\n\n| Title | [Backwards compatible](/wiki/Backward_compatibility \"Backward compatibility\") | Publisher | Release date |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [Alchemist Marie \\& Elie \\- Futari no Atelier](/wiki/Atelier_%28video_game_series%29 \"Atelier (video game series)\") | | E3 Staff | |\n| Another Heaven: Memory of Those Days | | Omega Micott | |\n| Arc the Lad: Kishin Fukkatsu | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Battle Spirits: Digimon Frontier](/wiki/Digimon_Battle_Spirit_2 \"Digimon Battle Spirit 2\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Blue Wing Blitz](/wiki/Blue_Wing_Blitz \"Blue Wing Blitz\") | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| Dark Eyes: BattleGate | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Dicing Knight Period](/wiki/Dicing_Knight_Period \"Dicing Knight Period\") | | [Qute](/wiki/Qute \"Qute\") | |\n| Digimon Adventure 02: D1 Tamers | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Digimon Anode/Cathode Tamer: Veedramon Version | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Digimon Card Game Ver. WSC | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Digimon Tamers: Battle Spirit](/wiki/Digimon_Battle_Spirit \"Digimon Battle Spirit\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Digimon Tamers: Battle Spirit Ver. 1\\.5](/wiki/Digimon_Tamers:Battle_Spirit_Ver._1.5 \"Battle Spirit Ver. 1.5\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Digimon Tamers: Brave Tamer | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Digimon Tamers: Digimon Medley | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Digital Monsters: D\\-Project | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Dokodemo Hamster 3 | | [Bec](/wiki/Bandai_Entertainment_Company \"Bandai Entertainment Company\") | |\n| [Dragon Ball](/wiki/Dragon_Ball \"Dragon Ball\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Final Fantasy](/wiki/Final_Fantasy_%28video_game%29 \"Final Fantasy (video game)\") | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| [Final Fantasy II](/wiki/Final_Fantasy_II \"Final Fantasy II\") | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| [Final Fantasy IV](/wiki/Final_Fantasy_IV \"Final Fantasy IV\") | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| [Final Lap Special](/wiki/Final_Lap \"Final Lap\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Flash Koibito\\-Kun | | [Kobunsha](/wiki/Kobunsha \"Kobunsha\") | |\n| [Front Mission](/wiki/Front_Mission_%28video_game%29 \"Front Mission (video game)\") | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| Gekitou! Crush Gear Turbo: Gear Champion League | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Gensoumaden Saiyuuki: Retribution | | Mubik | |\n| [Golden Axe](/wiki/Golden_Axe_%28video_game%29 \"Golden Axe (video game)\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Gransta Chronicle | | Omega Micott | |\n| [Guilty Gear Petit](/wiki/Guilty_Gear_Petit \"Guilty Gear Petit\") | | [Sammy Corporation](/wiki/Sammy_Corporation \"Sammy Corporation\") | |\n| [Guilty Gear Petit 2](/wiki/Guilty_Gear_Petit_2 \"Guilty Gear Petit 2\") | | [Sammy Corporation](/wiki/Sammy_Corporation \"Sammy Corporation\") | |\n| [Gunpey EX](/wiki/Gunpey_EX \"Gunpey EX\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Hanjuku Hero: Aa, Sekaiyo Hanjukunare...!](/wiki/Hanjuku_Hero%23Hanjuku_Hero:Aa%2C_Sekaiyo_Hanjukunare...%21 \"Aa, Sekaiyo Hanjukunare...!\") | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| Hataraku Chocobo | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| [Hunter × Hunter: Greed Island](/wiki/Hunter_%C3%97_Hunter \"Hunter × Hunter\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Hunter × Hunter: Michikareshi Mono](/wiki/Hunter_%C3%97_Hunter \"Hunter × Hunter\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Hunter × Hunter: Sorezore no Ketsui](/wiki/Hunter_%C3%97_Hunter \"Hunter × Hunter\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Inuyasha: Fuuun Emaki | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Inuyasha: Kagome no Sengoku Yume Hiki | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Inuyasha: Kagome no Yume Nikki | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Judgement Silversword \\-Rebirth Edition\\-](/wiki/Judgement_Silversword \"Judgement Silversword\") | | M\\-Kai | |\n| [Kidou Senshi Gundam Seed](/wiki/Mobile_Suit_Gundam_SEED \"Mobile Suit Gundam SEED\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Kidou Senshi Gundam Vol. 1 SIDE7 | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Kidou Senshi Gundam Vol. 2 Jaburo | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Kidou Senshi Gundam Vol. 3 | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Kidou Senshi Gundam: Giren no Yabou | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Kinnikuman Nisei: Choujin Seisenshi](/wiki/Kinnikuman_Nisei \"Kinnikuman Nisei\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Kinnikuman Nisei: Dream Tag Match](/wiki/Kinnikuman_Nisei \"Kinnikuman Nisei\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Kurupara | | Tom Create | |\n| Last Alive | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Makai Toushi SaGa](/wiki/The_Final_Fantasy_Legend \"The Final Fantasy Legend\") | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| [Meitantei Conan: Yuugure Oujo](/wiki/Detective_Conan \"Detective Conan\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Memories Off Festa](/wiki/Memories_Off \"Memories Off\") | | [KID](/wiki/KID \"KID\") | |\n| Mikeneko Holmes: Ghost Panic | | Koubunsha | |\n| [Mr. Driller](/wiki/Mr._Driller \"Mr. Driller\") | | [Namco](/wiki/Namco \"Namco\") | |\n| [Namco Super Wars](/wiki/Namco_Super_Wars \"Namco Super Wars\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Naruto: Konoha Ninpouchou](/wiki/Naruto:Konoha_Ninpouchou \"Konoha Ninpouchou\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [One Piece: Chopper no Daibouken](/wiki/One_Piece:Chopper_no_Daibouken \"Chopper no Daibouken\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [One Piece: Niji no Shima Densetsu](/wiki/One_Piece:Niji_no_Shima_Densetsu \"Niji no Shima Densetsu\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [One Piece: Swan Colosseum](/wiki/One_Piece:Swan_Colosseum \"Swan Colosseum\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [One Piece: Treasure Wars](/wiki/One_Piece:Treasure_Wars \"Treasure Wars\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [One Piece: Treasure Wars 2](/wiki/One_Piece:Treasure_Wars_2 \"Treasure Wars 2\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Pocket no Chuu no Doraemon](/wiki/Doraemon \"Doraemon\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Raku Jongg | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Rhyme Rider Kerorican](/wiki/Rhyme_Rider_Kerorican \"Rhyme Rider Kerorican\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Riviera: The Promised Land](/wiki/Riviera:The_Promised_Land \"The Promised Land\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Rockman EXE N1 Battle](/wiki/Mega_Man_Battle_Chip_Challenge \"Mega Man Battle Chip Challenge\") | | [Capcom](/wiki/Capcom \"Capcom\") | |\n| [Rockman EXE WS](/wiki/Rockman_EXE_WS \"Rockman EXE WS\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Romancing SaGa](/wiki/Romancing_SaGa \"Romancing SaGa\") | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| Run\\=Dim: Return to Earth | | Digital Dream | |\n| Saint Seiya: Ougon Densetsuhen Perfect Edition | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [SD Gundam Eiyuuden: Kishi Densetsu](/wiki/SD_Gundam \"SD Gundam\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [SD Gundam Eiyuuden: Musha Densetsu](/wiki/SD_Gundam \"SD Gundam\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [SD Gundam G Generation: Gather Beat 2](/wiki/SD_Gundam_G_Generation \"SD Gundam G Generation\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [SD Gundam G Generation: Mono\\-Eye Gundams](/wiki/SD_Gundam_G_Generation \"SD Gundam G Generation\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [SD Gundam: Operation U.C.](/wiki/SD_Gundam \"SD Gundam\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Senkai\\-den Nii: TV Animation Senkai\\-den hōshin engi yori | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Shaman King: Asu he no Ishi](/wiki/Shaman_King \"Shaman King\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Soroban Gu | | [Kaga Tech](/wiki/Kaga_Create \"Kaga Create\") | |\n| Star Hearts | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Super Robot Taisen Compact 3](/wiki/Super_Robot_Wars \"Super Robot Wars\") | | [Banpresto](/wiki/Banpresto \"Banpresto\") | |\n| [Super Robot Taisen Compact for WonderSwan Color](/wiki/Super_Robot_Wars \"Super Robot Wars\") | | [Banpresto](/wiki/Banpresto \"Banpresto\") | |\n| Tonpuso | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Terrors 2 | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Tetris](/wiki/List_of_Tetris_variants \"List of Tetris variants\") | | Vanguard | |\n| [Uchuu Senkan Yamato](/wiki/Uchuu_Senkan_Yamato \"Uchuu Senkan Yamato\") | | [Bandai Visual](/wiki/Bandai_Visual \"Bandai Visual\") | |\n| [Ultraman \\- Hikari no Kuni no Shisha](/wiki/Ultraman \"Ultraman\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [Wild Card](/wiki/Wild_Card_%28video_game%29 \"Wild Card (video game)\") | | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") | |\n| With You: Mitsumete Itai | | Cocktail Soft | |\n| [Wizardry Scenario 1: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord](/wiki/Wizardry \"Wizardry\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| Wonder Classic | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [X: Card of Fate](/wiki/X:Card_of_Fate \"Card of Fate\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n| [XI (sai) Little](/wiki/Devil_Dice \"Devil Dice\") | | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") | |\n\n",
"Cancelled games\n---------------\n\n| Title | Publisher |\n| --- | --- |\n| [Chocobo no Fushigi na Dungeon 2](/wiki/Chocobo_%28series%29%23Chocobo%27s_Dungeon_2 \"Chocobo (series)#Chocobo's Dungeon 2\") | Square |\n| [Dice de Chocobo](/wiki/Dice_de_Chocobo \"Dice de Chocobo\") | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") |\n| Digimon Tamers: Digimon Action | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") |\n| [Final Fantasy III](/wiki/Final_Fantasy_III \"Final Fantasy III\") | Square |\n| Higashikaze Shou | Bandai |\n| [Inuyasha 2](/wiki/Inuyasha \"Inuyasha\") | Bandai |\n| [Mobile Suit Gundam: MSPlatoon.com](/wiki/Gundam \"Gundam\") | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") |\n| Ochisuzume | [Bandai](/wiki/Bandai \"Bandai\") |\n| [Princess Maker: Yumemiru Yousei](/wiki/Princess_Maker \"Princess Maker\") | [Bandai Visual](/wiki/Bandai_Visual \"Bandai Visual\") |\n| [Seiken Densetsu 2](/wiki/Secret_of_Mana \"Secret of Mana\") | [Square](/wiki/Square_%28video_game_company%29 \"Square (video game company)\") |\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [WonderSwan Color games (2003\\)](https://web.archive.org/web/20031007232637fw_/http://www.swan.channel.or.jp/swan/software/r_lineup/lup2003.html)\n* [WonderSwan Color games (2002\\)](https://web.archive.org/web/20031011204652fw_/http://www.swan.channel.or.jp/swan/software/r_lineup/lup2002.html)\n* [WonderSwan Color games (2001\\)](https://web.archive.org/web/20031018080224fw_/http://www.swan.channel.or.jp/swan/software/r_lineup/lup2001.html)\n* [WonderSwan Color games (2000\\)](https://web.archive.org/web/20031018080126fw_/http://www.swan.channel.or.jp/swan/software/r_lineup/lup2000.html)\n\n[Category:Japan\\-exclusive video games](/wiki/Category:Japan-exclusive_video_games \"Japan-exclusive video games\")\n[WonderSwan Color](/wiki/Category:Lists_of_video_games_by_platform \"Lists of video games by platform\")\n[\\*](/wiki/Category:WonderSwan_Color_games \"WonderSwan Color games\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Markus Mosse
|
{
"id": [
24323093
],
"name": [
"Helper201"
]
}
|
dq85yu5ddqfzgtyd36rfczz6l578048
|
2023-11-09T09:19:48Z
| 1,041,779,066 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Markus Mosse** (born 3 August 1808 at [Grodzisk Wielkopolski](/wiki/Grodzisk_Wielkopolski \"Grodzisk Wielkopolski\") – 10 November 1865 in Grodzisk Wielkopolski) was a German physician.\n\nOn account of his eminent ability and popularity he was elected, while still young, a councilor in his native town, and made president of the Jewish community.\n\nThe Revolution of 1848 in Poland, which had a purely national character, brought about a change in his life. Unlike his coreligionists, who either held themselves aloof or else fought on the German side, Mosse took sides with the Polish rebels, the so\\-called \"Sensenmänner.\" He was wounded, taken captive, and condemned to imprisonment. His participation in the contest neither gained for him the recognition of his partizans nor brought him contentment; and more than once he regretted his action.\n\nDuring the rest of his life Mosse lived quietly in Grätz, engaged in the practice of his profession.\n\nVarious benevolent institutions in Grätz are connected with his name, as the Dr. M. Mosse Hospital, which is open to all irrespective of religious distinction.\n\nHis sons were [Rudolf](/wiki/Rudolf_Mosse \"Rudolf Mosse\") and [Albert Mosse](/wiki/Albert_Mosse \"Albert Mosse\").\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n* [Mosse, Markus from the Jewish Encyclopedia](http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11174-mosse-markus)\n\n[Category:1808 births](/wiki/Category:1808_births \"1808 births\")\n[Category:1865 deaths](/wiki/Category:1865_deaths \"1865 deaths\")\n[Category:19th\\-century Polish Jews](/wiki/Category:19th-century_Polish_Jews \"19th-century Polish Jews\")\n[Category:19th\\-century German physicians](/wiki/Category:19th-century_German_physicians \"19th-century German physicians\")\n[Category:People from Grodzisk Wielkopolski](/wiki/Category:People_from_Grodzisk_Wielkopolski \"People from Grodzisk Wielkopolski\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Bioculture
|
{
"id": [
28438
],
"name": [
"Altenmann"
]
}
|
osffghj4d2xmugduftijgerdm6jz8bv
|
2024-05-10T17:54:39Z
| 1,213,081,164 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Alternative definitions",
"Existence",
"Ethics in Bioculture",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Bioculture** is the combination of biological and cultural factors that affect human behavior. It is an area of study bounded by the [medical sciences](/wiki/Medical_sciences \"Medical sciences\"), [social sciences](/wiki/Social_sciences \"Social sciences\"), [landscape ecology](/wiki/Landscape_ecology \"Landscape ecology\"), [cultural anthropology](/wiki/Cultural_anthropology \"Cultural anthropology\"), [biotechnology](/wiki/Biotechnology \"Biotechnology\"), disability studies, the [humanities](/wiki/Humanities \"Humanities\"), and the [economic](/wiki/Economy \"Economy\") and global environment. Along these lines, one can see the biosphere — the [earth](/wiki/Earth \"Earth\") as it is affected by the [human](/wiki/Human \"Human\") — as the adaptation of the natural to the human and biocultures as the inter\\-adaptation of the human to the new technologies and ways of knowing characterized by the 21st century’s attitude toward the [body](/wiki/Human_body \"Human body\"). It assumes that in bioculture there is a diverse way to know the workings of the body and mind, and that these are primarily culturally derived, and an expert's way of knowing produces specific strong results. However, the results do not have an exclusive purview over the body and [mind](/wiki/Mind \"Mind\"). Plus, it seeks to develop and encourage not only the experts but also parts of people's bodies and minds as the subject of study.Boyd B, \"Getting it all wrong \\- Bioculture critiques cultural critique\" American Scholar 75 (4\\): 18\\-30 Fall 2006Melby MK, Smith EO \"PMS: A bioculture\\-bound syndrome.\" American Journal of Physical Anthropology\" : 200\\-200 Suppl. 28\\. 1999Leatherman T, \"Changing bioculture perspectives on health in the Andes\" (vol 47, pg 1031, 1997\\), letter in *Social Science and Medicine*, MEDICINE 47 (9\\): 1397\\-1397 Nov. 1998Davis, Lennard and Morris, David, \"Biocultures Manifesto,\" in New Literary History 38:3 (Summer 2007\\)\n\n",
"Alternative definitions\n-----------------------\n\nAn alternative definition of the term bioculture is all the practical aspects of the use of [living things in culture](/wiki/Living_things_in_culture \"Living things in culture\"), including agriculture, production of food and clothing, forestry, animal breeding and training, the pet trade, use of living things in science, zoos and aquariums, animal sports, and the raising of game for sport hunting.\n\n",
"Existence\n---------\n\nThe term bioculture does not exist as such in the English or Spanish dictionary. BioCultura is a trademark registered in 1983 by the [Asociación Vida Sana](/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Vida_Sana \"Asociación Vida Sana\"). The Asociación Vida Sana, elaborated in 1981 the bases for the development of ecological agriculture in Spain through the booklets of norms of ecological agriculture, thus contributing to the health of consumers and, on the other, to the decontamination of the land , water and air, stopping the pollution of the techniques of industrialized agriculture, without counting on the no less obvious and considerable economic and social advantages that these alternatives offer. In 1983 he began to organize the BioCultura fair in Madrid with the support of the city council. The aim was to offer an opportunity to the first organic producers to make their products known to consumers. And they coined the term BioCultura from the prefix Bio joined to the word culture. The trademark was registered in the Patent and Trademark Office. The use and popularity of the brand has caused it to be used as a [vocable](/wiki/Vocable_%28lexicography%29 \"Vocable (lexicography)\") to determine the sector of the \"bio or eco culture\", although it is a brand. After 40 years leading the universe of ecological, sustainable culture and responsible consumption in Spain, [BioCultura](/wiki/BioCultura \"BioCultura\") creates BioCultura ON, now for the entire Spanish\\-speaking community of the world.\n\n",
"Ethics in Bioculture\n--------------------\n\nMoral ethical behavior deals with how humans behave with each other, likewise Bioculture ethics deals with how humans treat animals and plants. [Ethics](/wiki/Ethics \"Ethics\") in Bioculture come into question especially in situations, where the animals and plants are in artificially created environments that are completely controlled by human. In such situations, humans control not only the environmental conditions that these non\\-human organisms will live under, but even how they will breed and the genetic composition that they would have to meet human purposes.\n\nPlants and animals could be bred by humans to be later consumed or utilized by humans in some way. For example, agricultural farming for food and clothing; breeding, raising, and then slaughtering animals for food and clothing; growing forests to eventually cut them for wood; or breeding animals and plants and experimenting on them in laboratories. On the other hand, animal and plants could be bred for entertainment purposes also. For example, developing plant nurseries to harvest flowers; building and maintaining zoos, aquariums for entertainment; breeding animals for sports like horse riding or bull fighting; pet trade; or breeding birds or animals in sporting/hunting grounds and fishes in lakes for [game fishing](/wiki/Game_fishing \"Game fishing\"). In each of the above instances, two principles are common \\- (1\\) Humans decide how the life of the non\\-human organism will be led; and (2\\) non\\-human organism is bred with the end goal to benefit humans.\n\nWhen we use tools and equipments in any setting to gain productive results, we are dealing with non\\-living things here. However in case of the above\\-mentioned Bioculture examples, the animals and plants are living, but the human being is deciding how their lives will be lived. Not all plants and animals raised in Bioculture are treated badly or are hurt. Some, as in case of pet trade, the pets are looked after. The pet owner is considered to be responsible for taking care of all things pertaining to the pet. The owner may say that he takes care of his pet, because of his love and affection towards it. But, what about other situations like sport hunting, laboratory experiments, and others. Paul Taylor asks in his book on the fairness of hurting these animals and plants for our benefit or fun, just because we don't have inherent love and affection towards them. Among humans, even when we don't have love and affection towards some stranger, moral ethics require us to behave well with them. The question then arises as to how this translate this ethical duty and responsibility to the field of Bioculture for plants and animals.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Social sciences](/wiki/Category:Social_sciences \"Social sciences\")\n\n"
]
}
|
The Moon Under Water
|
{
"id": [
196446
],
"name": [
"BD2412"
]
}
|
1wcpycnvamhaiwx28jujukrhj60muzg
|
2024-08-25T00:37:40Z
| 1,226,866,403 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Summary",
"Real pubs",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|The Moon Under Water, [Watford](/wiki/Watford \"Watford\"). One of many pubs named after Orwell's description.](/wiki/File:The_%27Moon_Under_Water%27%2C_High_Street%2C_Watford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_610214.jpg \"The 'Moon Under Water', High Street, Watford - geograph.org.uk - 610214.jpg\")\n\"**The Moon Under Water**\" is a 1946 essay by [George Orwell](/wiki/George_Orwell \"George Orwell\"), originally published as the Saturday Essay in the *[Evening Standard](/wiki/Evening_Standard \"Evening Standard\")* on 9 February 1946,[\"What's your perfect pub?\"](https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/dec/08/whats-your-perfect-pub) *[The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")*. Retrieved 25 May 2013\\. in which he provided a detailed description of his ideal [public house](/wiki/Public_house \"Public house\"), the fictitious \"Moon Under Water\". It was Orwell's last contribution to the *Evening Standard*.Smothered Under Journalism, Collected Works, Volume XVIII p. 100\n\n",
"Summary\n-------\n\nOrwell stipulated ten key points that his perfect pub in the London area should have (his criteria for country pubs being different, but unspecified):\n\n1. The architecture and fittings must be uncompromisingly [Victorian](/wiki/Victorian_era \"Victorian era\").\n2. Games, such as [darts](/wiki/Darts \"Darts\"), are only played in the public bar \"so that in the other bars you can walk about without the worry of flying darts\".\n3. The pub is quiet enough to talk, with the house possessing neither a radio nor a piano.\n4. The [barmaids](/wiki/Barmaid \"Barmaid\") know the customers by name and take an interest in everyone.\n5. It sells tobacco and cigarettes, aspirins and stamps, and \"is obliging about letting you use the telephone\".\n6. \"\\[...] there is a snack counter where you can get liver\\-sausage sandwiches, [mussels](/wiki/Mussels \"Mussels\") (a speciality of the house), cheese, pickles and \\[...] large biscuits with [caraway seeds](/wiki/Caraway_seed \"Caraway seed\") \\[...].\"\n7. \"Upstairs, six days a week, you can get a good, solid [lunch](/wiki/Lunch \"Lunch\")—for example, a cut off the joint, two vegetables and boiled jam roll—for about three [shillings](/wiki/Shilling \"Shilling\").\"\n8. \"\\[...] a creamy sort of [draught](/wiki/Draught_beer \"Draught beer\") [stout](/wiki/Stout \"Stout\") \\[...], and it goes better in a [pewter](/wiki/Pewter \"Pewter\") pot.\"\n9. \"They are particular about their drinking vessels at \"The Moon Under Water\" and never, for example, make the mistake of serving a pint of beer in a [handleless glass](/wiki/Pint_glass \"Pint glass\"). Apart from glass and pewter mugs, they have some of those pleasant strawberry\\-pink china ones. \\[...] but in my opinion beer tastes better out of china.\"\n10. \"\\[...] You go through a narrow passage leading out of the saloon, and find yourself in a fairly large garden \\[...] Many as are the virtues of the Moon Under Water I think that the garden is its best feature, because it allows whole families to go there instead of Mum having to stay at home and mind the baby while Dad goes out alone.\"\n\nOrwell admitted that \"to be fair\", he did know of a few pubs that almost came up to his ideal, including one that had eight of the mentioned qualities.\n\nThe essay finishes:\n\n> And if anyone knows of a pub that has draught stout, open fires, cheap meals, a garden, motherly barmaids and no radio, I should be glad to hear of it, even though its name were something as prosaic as the Red Lion or the Railway Arms.\n\n",
"Real pubs\n---------\n\n[thumb\\|The Moon Under Water [pub](/wiki/Pub \"Pub\") in London](/wiki/File:Moon_Under_Water%2C_Balham%2C_SW12_%286901441788%29.jpg \"Moon Under Water, Balham, SW12 (6901441788).jpg\")\nThe [J D Wetherspoon](/wiki/Wetherspoons \"Wetherspoons\") pub chain has used the name The Moon Under Water for thirteen of its outlets.\n\nThere is a Moon Under Water pub in St. Petersburg, Florida, US, in Victoria, Canada and in Christchurch, New Zealand.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [George Orwell bibliography](/wiki/George_Orwell_bibliography \"George Orwell bibliography\")\n* [Pub names](/wiki/Pub_names \"Pub names\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [The article](https://www.orwellfoundation.com/the-orwell-foundation/orwell/essays-and-other-works/the-moon-under-water/) at [The Orwell Prize](/wiki/The_Orwell_Foundation \"The Orwell Foundation\")\n\n[Category:1946 essays](/wiki/Category:1946_essays \"1946 essays\")\n[Category:Essays by George Orwell](/wiki/Category:Essays_by_George_Orwell \"Essays by George Orwell\")\n[Category:Works originally published in the London Evening Standard](/wiki/Category:Works_originally_published_in_the_London_Evening_Standard \"Works originally published in the London Evening Standard\")\n\n"
]
}
|
WHWK
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2001:5B0:A830:2380:90DF:73D5:BAD3:6CA6"
]
}
|
lni6fqlxmmdzmtg9pjikqu9f2b1dcdr
|
2024-08-08T13:00:22Z
| 1,233,119,829 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**WHWK** (98\\.1 [FM](/wiki/FM_broadcasting \"FM broadcasting\") \"The Hawk\") is a [commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\") [radio station](/wiki/Radio_station \"Radio station\") in [Binghamton, New York](/wiki/Binghamton%2C_New_York \"Binghamton, New York\"). It carries a [country music](/wiki/Country_music \"Country music\") [radio format](/wiki/Radio_format \"Radio format\") and is owned by [Townsquare Media](/wiki/Townsquare_Media \"Townsquare Media\"). Local [disc jockeys](/wiki/Disc_jockey \"Disc jockey\") are heard during the day on weekdays. Two [syndicated](/wiki/Radio_syndication \"Radio syndication\") shows are heard after 7 p.m.: *Taste of Country Nights* from [Compass Media Networks](/wiki/Compass_Media_Networks \"Compass Media Networks\"), hosted by Evan Paul, and *The Third Shift* from [Westwood One](/wiki/Westwood_One \"Westwood One\") heard overnights. Current local staff include Glenn Pitcher, Traci Taylor, Jess Rowe, and Buddy Logan.[981TheHawk.com/DJs](https://981thehawk.com/djs/) It is regularly the highest ranking station in the [Nielson](/wiki/Nielson \"Nielson\") ratings in the Binghamton [radio market](/wiki/Media_market \"Media market\").\n\nWHWK has an [effective radiated power](/wiki/Effective_radiated_power \"Effective radiated power\") of 6,700 [watts](/wiki/Watt \"Watt\"). The [transmitter](/wiki/Transmitter \"Transmitter\") is off Ingraham Hill Road in Binghamton, amid the [towers](/wiki/Radio_masts_and_towers \"Radio masts and towers\") for other FM and TV stations in the region.[WHWK\\-FM 98\\.1 MHz, Binghamton, New York](https://radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/finder?sr=Y&s=C&call=Whwk&nav=home), retrieved 2020\\-11\\-23\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nIn January 1956, the station first [signed on](/wiki/Sign-on \"Sign-on\") as WNBF\\-FM.[Information](https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1957/Radio--All-1957-BC-YB.pdf) from the [Broadcasting Yearbook](/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable \"Broadcasting & Cable\") 1957 page 181 It was co\\-owned with [WNBF](/wiki/WNBF \"WNBF\") (1290 AM) and WNBF\\-TV (channel 12\\), which had operated a previous [WNBF\\-FM](/wiki/WNBF-FM \"WNBF-FM\") on various frequencies (among them [100\\.5](/wiki/WDRE \"WDRE\")) from 1940 to 1952\\. The owner was [Triangle Publications](/wiki/Triangle_Publications \"Triangle Publications\"), which also put out the weekly magazine *[TV Guide](/wiki/TV_Guide \"TV Guide\")*. At first, WNBF\\-FM [simulcast](/wiki/Simulcast \"Simulcast\") the programming on the AM station.\n\nIn the 1960s, WNBF\\-FM switched to its own [beautiful music](/wiki/Beautiful_music \"Beautiful music\") format. It played quarter hour sweeps of mostly instrumental [cover versions](/wiki/Cover_version \"Cover version\") of popular songs, as well as [Broadway](/wiki/Broadway_theatre \"Broadway theatre\") and [Hollywood](/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States \"Cinema of the United States\") show tunes.\n\nIn 1972, as part of Triangle's dismantling, Stoner Broadcasting, based in [Des Moines](/wiki/Des_Moines \"Des Moines\"), bought WNBF\\-AM\\-FM. At the same time, Gateway Communications, the publisher of *[The Record](/wiki/The_Record_%28North_Jersey%29 \"The Record (North Jersey)\")* of [Bergen County, New Jersey](/wiki/Bergen_County%2C_New_Jersey \"Bergen County, New Jersey\"), bought WNBF\\-TV (now [WBNG\\-TV](/wiki/WBNG-TV \"WBNG-TV\")). Also in 1972, WNBF\\-FM changed its [call sign](/wiki/Call_sign \"Call sign\") to WQYT, representing its \"quiet\" format. In the 1980s, the [easy listening](/wiki/Easy_listening \"Easy listening\") music audience was aging while advertisers mostly seek young and middle aged adults. Management decided to make a change.\n\nIn January 1984, 98\\.1 switched to a [country music](/wiki/Country_music \"Country music\") format, calling itself \"98\\.1 The Hawk\". It switched its call letters to WHWK. Citadel Broadcasting acquired WHWK and its AM counterpart, WNBF.[Broadcasting \\& Cable Yearbook 2010 page D\\-375](https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/2010/D-2010-BC-YB-7.pdf)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](http://981thehawk.com/)\n* [98\\.1 The Hawk Official Facebook Page](https://www.facebook.com/98.1TheHawk)\n* [98\\.1 The Hawk Official](https://twitter.com/981TheHawk) [Twitter](/wiki/Twitter \"Twitter\")\n[Category:Country radio stations in the United States](/wiki/Category:Country_radio_stations_in_the_United_States \"Country radio stations in the United States\")\n[HWK](/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_Binghamton%2C_New_York \"Radio stations in Binghamton, New York\")\n[Category:Townsquare Media radio stations](/wiki/Category:Townsquare_Media_radio_stations \"Townsquare Media radio stations\")\n[Category:Radio stations established in 1956](/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_established_in_1956 \"Radio stations established in 1956\")\n[Category:1956 establishments in New York (state)](/wiki/Category:1956_establishments_in_New_York_%28state%29 \"1956 establishments in New York (state)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Seminal Live
|
{
"id": [
5149730
],
"name": [
"Vasyatka1"
]
}
|
4dw3nls6q238k3h7e19dlf84382bb8o
|
2023-05-27T18:43:11Z
| 1,147,279,423 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Reception",
"Track listing",
"Personnel",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + - \n\t\t***Seminal Live*** is a 1989 album by English rock band [The Fall](/wiki/The_Fall_%28band%29 \"The Fall (band)\"), recorded partly in the studio and partly at live performances in 1988\\. The album was the last to be released by the group through [Beggars Banquet Records](/wiki/Beggars_Banquet_Records \"Beggars Banquet Records\"), and as such is often seen as a \"contractual obligation\" album. It was also the last Fall album to feature [Brix Smith](/wiki/Brix_Smith \"Brix Smith\"), former wife of the lead singer [Mark E. Smith](/wiki/Mark_E._Smith \"Mark E. Smith\"), until her return for 1995's *[Cerebral Caustic](/wiki/Cerebral_Caustic \"Cerebral Caustic\")*.\n\nThe studio recordings on *Seminal Live* were all new songs and make up the first five tracks of the album—side one on the original vinyl release. The live recordings on side two, meanwhile, are all versions of previously\\-released tracks.\n\nIn a 2006 interview with *The Pseud Mag* fanzine, keyboardist Marcia Schofield called *Seminal Live* \"the worst piece of shit I have ever worked on \\[...] Talk about exhausted and out of ideas. It was one of those\\-we've just come off tour and have to make a record so what shit covers can we bung on it?\\-album\".[PSA Marcia Schofield \\- Reformation!](https://sites.google.com/site/reformationposttpm/the-pseud-mag-archives/psa-marcia-schofield)\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\nCritical response to the album was somewhat mixed. Andrew Collins, writing in the *[NME](/wiki/NME \"NME\")*, suggests: \"*Seminal Live* is worse than an intellectual letdown, it's a tease\". The songs themselves also provoked a variety of responses from journalists. Jason Pettigrew of the *[Alternative Press](/wiki/Alternative_Press_%28music_magazine%29 \"Alternative Press (music magazine)\")* writes: \"For pure weirdness value, look no further than \"Mollusc in Tyrol\", a musique concrete rave\\-up on top of a Neubauten \"Yu\\-Gung\" rhythm track that's been buried alive\".Pettigrew, Jason (1989\\). [Review](http://www.visi.com/fall/news/990221.html#ap). *Alternative Press*. A reviewer for the *[Record Mirror](/wiki/Record_Mirror \"Record Mirror\")*, by contrast, says: \"'Mollusc In Tyrol' is a totally unbearable drone which should never have found its way from the vaults\".[\"The Fall—*Seminal Live*\"](http://www.visi.com/fall/news/010828.html#recordmirror) (1989\\). *Record Mirror* Jim Sullivan, for *[The Boston Globe](/wiki/The_Boston_Globe \"The Boston Globe\")*, also singled out \"Mollusc in Tyrol\" as a \"monotonous irritant\", but stated that if the album \"doesn't rank with the overall best of the Fall, it is a holding pattern that should neatly please and agitate\".Sullivan, Jim (1989\\) \"[The Fall *Seminal Live*](https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063045/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8140011.html)\", *[The Boston Globe](/wiki/The_Boston_Globe \"The Boston Globe\")*, 28 September 1989\\.\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\nVinyl version\n\n* *a home recording of Mark E. Smith singing over \"Donkeys Bearing Cups\" from Craig Leon's 1981 Nommos album*\n\n* *All additional tracks are further live recordings*\n* Tracks 8–10, 12 and 14 recorded at the [Arena, Vienna](/wiki/Arena%2C_Vienna \"Arena, Vienna\") in Austria on 16 April 1988\\.\n* Tracks 6, 7, and 11 recorded at an unknown venue, possibly in Manchester, in 1988\\. Track 13 recorded at [Manchester G\\-Mex](/wiki/Manchester_Central_Convention_Complex \"Manchester Central Convention Complex\") in 1988; [Bill Grundy](/wiki/Bill_Grundy \"Bill Grundy\") introduced the band onstage and his intro was used on the album.\n\n",
"Personnel\n---------\n\nThe Fall\n* [Mark E. Smith](/wiki/Mark_E._Smith \"Mark E. Smith\") – [vocals](/wiki/Vocals \"Vocals\"), [violin](/wiki/Violin \"Violin\") on \"Elf Prefix\"\n* [Brix Smith](/wiki/Brix_Smith \"Brix Smith\") – [guitar](/wiki/Guitar \"Guitar\") and backing vocals on \"Dead Beat Descendent\", \"Squid Law\" and live tracks only\n* [Craig Scanlon](/wiki/Craig_Scanlon \"Craig Scanlon\") – guitar, backing vocals\n* [Steve Hanley](/wiki/Steve_Hanley_%28musician%29 \"Steve Hanley (musician)\") – [bass guitar](/wiki/Bass_guitar \"Bass guitar\"), [banjo](/wiki/Banjo \"Banjo\") on \"Pinball Machine\"\n* [Simon Wolstencroft](/wiki/Simon_Wolstencroft \"Simon Wolstencroft\") – [drums](/wiki/Drum_kit \"Drum kit\")\n* Marcia Schofield – [keyboards](/wiki/Keyboard_instrument \"Keyboard instrument\"), backing vocals\nwith:\n* [Bill Grundy](/wiki/Bill_Grundy \"Bill Grundy\") – voice on \"Introduction\" (uncredited)\n\nTechnical\n* [Shan Hira](/wiki/Stockholm_Monsters \"Stockholm Monsters\") – production (all studio tracks; \"Frenz\")\n* Mark E. Smith – production (all studio tracks; all live tracks, except \"Kurious Oranj\" and \"Frenz\")\n* [Ian Broudie](/wiki/Ian_Broudie \"Ian Broudie\") – production (\"Kurious Oranj\")\n* Dian Barton – engineering and live mixing (except \"Kurious Oranj\" and \"Frenz\")\n* S.P. – cover art\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Lyrics](http://www.freehosting.hostrave.com/p/fall/lyrics.html?http%3A//www.freehosting.hostrave.com/p/fall/sl.html)\n* \\[ Review of \"Seminal Live\"] by Ted Mills, of Allmusic\n\n[Category:The Fall (band) albums](/wiki/Category:The_Fall_%28band%29_albums \"The Fall (band) albums\")\n[Category:Beggars Banquet Records live albums](/wiki/Category:Beggars_Banquet_Records_live_albums \"Beggars Banquet Records live albums\")\n[Category:The Fall (band) live albums](/wiki/Category:The_Fall_%28band%29_live_albums \"The Fall (band) live albums\")\n[Category:1989 live albums](/wiki/Category:1989_live_albums \"1989 live albums\")\n[Category:1989 albums](/wiki/Category:1989_albums \"1989 albums\")\n[Category:Molluscs in popular culture](/wiki/Category:Molluscs_in_popular_culture \"Molluscs in popular culture\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Sandettie Lightvessel
|
{
"id": [
1511623
],
"name": [
"Federhalter"
]
}
|
g1gbdd8izt198wh0e2la6kgric99grs
|
2024-05-28T06:22:44Z
| 1,140,244,072 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External links",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n| \\+*Sandettie* |\n\n**Sandettie** is a [lightvessel](/wiki/Lightvessel \"Lightvessel\") station located at [Sandettie Bank](/wiki/Sandettie_Bank \"Sandettie Bank\") in the [North Sea](/wiki/North_Sea \"North Sea\"). It is one of the 22 [coastal weather stations](/wiki/List_of_coastal_weather_stations_in_the_British_Isles \"List of coastal weather stations in the British Isles\") whose conditions are reported in the [BBC](/wiki/BBC \"BBC\") [Shipping Forecast](/wiki/Shipping_Forecast \"Shipping Forecast\"). The vessel is named after her location on the [Sandettie Bank](/wiki/Sandettie_Bank \"Sandettie Bank\"), due north of [Calais](/wiki/Calais \"Calais\") and due east of the [South Foreland](/wiki/South_Foreland \"South Foreland\"). The ship has no engine and is not crewed. Its lights are powered by solar panels.\n\nThe previous Sandettie lightship was taken out of service in 1989 and is now a [museum ship](/wiki/Museum_ship \"Museum ship\") moored in Dunkirk harbour museum [(fr)](/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_portuaire_de_Dunkerque \"Musée portuaire de Dunkerque\"). In 2019 [Simon Armitage](/wiki/Simon_Armitage \"Simon Armitage\") published a collection of poems named *Sandettie Light Vessel Automatic* after the lightvessel's weather station.[Faber \\& Faber.](https://www.faber.co.uk/9780571334964-sandettie-light-vessel-automatic.html)\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|The previous Sandettie light ship in Dunkerque harbour](/wiki/File:Dunkerque_Sandettie_2.jpg \"Dunkerque Sandettie 2.jpg\")\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [The optical and acoustic signaling scheme and the radio\\-signal scheme of Sandettie lightvessel, ie the signal pattern of the light signal, the fog horn and the radio station](https://web.archive.org/web/20141027195417/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/mariner_info/notice_to_mariners/c/11012012.html)in accordance with NOTICE TO MARINERS 2/2012 C1 Sandettie Light Vessel No.2/12 C1, by Order Captain R. H. Barker, Director of Navigational Requirements, Trinity House, London, EC3N 4DH, 11 January 2012\n* [Article about the lightship in the French Wikipedia](/wiki/Sandetti%C3%A9_%28bateau-feu%29 \"Sandettié (bateau-feu)\")\n**Observations and Weather**\n* [The detailed, hourly measured values of the lightship Sandettie the last 24 hours](https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/coast-and-sea/observations/162304) of metoffice.gov.uk\n* [The exact course of the air temperature and water temperature as well as the water height in the area of Sandettie Bank](http://cspf.co.uk/sandettie-data) on the web page of the [Channel Swimming \\& Piloting Federation](/wiki/Channel_Swimming_%26_Piloting_Federation \"Channel Swimming & Piloting Federation\") on the basis of the data of Sandettie Lightvessel\n* [Weather forecast and wave prediction for the area of the sandbank for skipper](http://marine.meteoconsult.fr/meteo-marine/banc-de-sandettie/mer-du-nord/prevision_meteo_banc-de-sandettie_mer-du-nord_abord_du_port__386_0.php) from Meteo Consult Marine, (fr)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Lightships of the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Lightships_of_the_United_Kingdom \"Lightships of the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Lighthouses of the English Channel](/wiki/Category:Lighthouses_of_the_English_Channel \"Lighthouses of the English Channel\")\n[Category:Lightship stations](/wiki/Category:Lightship_stations \"Lightship stations\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Mikko Hirvonen
|
{
"id": [
40431968
],
"name": [
"NRF101"
]
}
|
pdjfa2ws0k8v0xpe9cpwl3zqx16v9ja
|
2023-10-17T23:38:41Z
| 1,145,668,094 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"2002–05",
"2006–07",
"2008–14",
"2015-present",
"WRC victories",
"IRC victories",
"Career results",
"Complete WRC results",
"IRC results",
"ERC results",
"Dakar Rally results",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Mikko Hirvonen** (born 31 July 1980\\) is a [Finnish](/wiki/Finland \"Finland\") former [rally](/wiki/Rallying \"Rallying\") driver, and a current Rally\\-Raid driver, who drove in the [World Rally Championship](/wiki/World_Rally_Championship \"World Rally Championship\"). He placed third in the drivers' championship and helped [Ford](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") to the [manufacturers' title](/wiki/List_of_World_Rally_Championship_Constructors%27_Champions \"List of World Rally Championship Constructors' Champions\") in both [2006](/wiki/2006_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2006 World Rally Championship season\") and [2007](/wiki/2007_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2007 World Rally Championship season\"). In [2008](/wiki/2008_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2008 World Rally Championship season\"), [2009](/wiki/2009_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2009 World Rally Championship season\"), [2011](/wiki/2011_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2011 World Rally Championship season\") and [2012](/wiki/2012_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2012 World Rally Championship season\") he finished runner\\-up to [Sébastien Loeb](/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Loeb \"Sébastien Loeb\"). Hirvonen's [co\\-driver](/wiki/Co-driver \"Co-driver\") was [Jarmo Lehtinen](/wiki/Jarmo_Lehtinen \"Jarmo Lehtinen\") from the [2003 season](/wiki/2003_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2003 World Rally Championship season\") until his retirement in [2014](/wiki/2014_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2014 World Rally Championship season\"), Lehtinen had replaced [Miikka Anttila](/wiki/Miikka_Anttila \"Miikka Anttila\") who co\\-drove with Hirvonen in the [2002 season](/wiki/2002_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2002 World Rally Championship season\").\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\n### 2002–05\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen with a [Subaru Impreza WRC](/wiki/Subaru_Impreza_WRC \"Subaru Impreza WRC\") at the 2004 [Cyprus Rally](/wiki/Cyprus_Rally \"Cyprus Rally\").](/wiki/File:Mikko_Hirvonen_-_2004_Cyprus_Rally.jpg \"Mikko Hirvonen - 2004 Cyprus Rally.jpg\")\nHirvonen won the under 2000 cc [Group A](/wiki/Group_A \"Group A\") [Finnish Rally Championship](/wiki/Finnish_Rally_Championship \"Finnish Rally Championship\") in 2002\\. As one of the World Rally Championship's younger competitors he made his debut full\\-time in a third [Ford World Rally Team](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") entry in the [2003 season](/wiki/2003_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2003 World Rally Championship season\"), scoring one points finish for sixth place at the [Cyprus Rally](/wiki/Cyprus_Rally \"Cyprus Rally\").\n\nAfter [Richard Burns](/wiki/Richard_Burns \"Richard Burns\") was diagnosed with brain tumor in late 2003, Hirvonen moved to take his place as team\\-mate to 2003 world champion [Petter Solberg](/wiki/Petter_Solberg \"Petter Solberg\") in [2004](/wiki/2004_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2004 World Rally Championship season\") for the [Subaru World Rally Team](/wiki/Subaru_World_Rally_Team \"Subaru World Rally Team\"). He scored points in ten rallies, but his best event result was only fourth, at the [Rally Argentina](/wiki/Rally_Argentina \"Rally Argentina\") and at the season\\-ending [Rally Australia](/wiki/Rally_Australia \"Rally Australia\"). These performances were not enough to secure a seat for the [2005 season](/wiki/2005_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2005 World Rally Championship season\"). Hirvonen then campaigned a two\\-year\\-old [Ford Focus RS WRC 03](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC_03 \"Ford Focus RS WRC 03\") and led one rally during the course of the year, and scored a career\\-best third\\-place finish at the [Rally Catalunya](/wiki/Rally_Catalunya \"Rally Catalunya\") as a [privateer](/wiki/Privateer_%28motorsport%29 \"Privateer (motorsport)\").\n\n### 2006–07\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen driving a [Ford Focus RS WRC 06](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") at the 2006 [Rally Japan](/wiki/Rally_Japan \"Rally Japan\").](/wiki/File:Ford_Foucus_WRC05.JPG \"Ford Foucus WRC05.JPG\")\nIt was Hirvonen's showings on such events that brought him back to the attention of Ford, whose factory arm signed him for the [2006 season](/wiki/2006_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2006 World Rally Championship season\"). Hirvonen drove the new [Ford Focus RS WRC 06](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC_06 \"Ford Focus RS WRC 06\") partnered with [Marcus Grönholm](/wiki/Marcus_Gr%C3%B6nholm \"Marcus Grönholm\"). Hirvonen took his first World Rally Championship win at the [Rally Australia](/wiki/Rally_Australia \"Rally Australia\"), and placed second at the [Rally d'Italia Sardegna](/wiki/Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"Rally d'Italia Sardegna\"), the [Rally of Turkey](/wiki/Rally_of_Turkey \"Rally of Turkey\") and the [Rally New Zealand](/wiki/Rally_New_Zealand \"Rally New Zealand\"). By finishing on the podium for six rallies in a row, he secured a third place overall in the drivers' world championship.\n\nIn the [2007 season](/wiki/2007_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2007 World Rally Championship season\"), Hirvonen started with a fifth place at the [75ème Rallye Automobile de Monte\\-Carlo](/wiki/75%C3%A8me_Rallye_Automobile_de_Monte-Carlo \"75ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo\") and a third place at the [56th Uddeholm Swedish Rally](/wiki/56th_Uddeholm_Swedish_Rally \"56th Uddeholm Swedish Rally\"). He took his second WRC victory in [Norway](/wiki/2007_Rally_Norway \"2007 Rally Norway\") and later also won the [2007 Rally Japan](/wiki/2007_Rally_Japan \"2007 Rally Japan\") and the season\\-ending [2007 Wales Rally GB](/wiki/2007_Wales_Rally_GB \"2007 Wales Rally GB\"). He finished third in the driver's championship, 17 points behind [Sébastien Loeb](/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Loeb \"Sébastien Loeb\"). With Grönholm, Hirvonen secured the manufacturers' title for Ford for the second year in running.\n\n### 2008–14\n\n[thumb\\|Hirvonen at the [2008 Rallye Deutschland](/wiki/2008_Rallye_Deutschland \"2008 Rallye Deutschland\").](/wiki/File:Mikko_Hirvonen_-_2008_Rallye_Deutschland_4.jpg \"Mikko Hirvonen - 2008 Rallye Deutschland 4.jpg\")\nOn 17 December, Hirvonen was officially named as the number one BP\\-Ford Abu Dhabi factory driver for the [2008 season](/wiki/2008_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2008 World Rally Championship season\"), after Marcus Grönholm's retirement. His young compatriot [Jari\\-Matti Latvala](/wiki/Jari-Matti_Latvala \"Jari-Matti Latvala\") was named his teammate in the second factory Focus. Hirvonen started the season with a second place at the [2008 Monte Carlo Rally](/wiki/2008_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2008 Monte Carlo Rally\"), which was his and the BP\\-Ford Team's target. In [Sweden](/wiki/2008_Swedish_Rally \"2008 Swedish Rally\"), he was considered as favourite, but had to settle for second being unable to keep up with his younger teammate's pace. After [Rally Mexico](/wiki/2008_Rally_Mexico \"2008 Rally Mexico\"), where he had punctures and had to change a wheel, and in [Rally Argentina](/wiki/2008_Rally_Argentina \"2008 Rally Argentina\"), where he retired from the lead and then re\\-joined under *SupeRally* rules to take fifth place, Hirvonen took his first win of the season at the inaugural [Jordan Rally](/wiki/2008_Jordan_Rally \"2008 Jordan Rally\").\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen at the [2008 Rally Catalunya](/wiki/2008_Rally_Catalunya \"2008 Rally Catalunya\").](/wiki/File:Mikko_Hirvonen_-_2008_Rally_Catalunya.jpg \"Mikko Hirvonen - 2008 Rally Catalunya.jpg\")\nHirvonen took his second victory of the season in [Turkey](/wiki/2008_Rally_of_Turkey \"2008 Rally of Turkey\"). Despite being the favourite to win at his home event, the [Rally Finland](/wiki/2008_Rally_Finland \"2008 Rally Finland\"), he could not match the pace of his title rival Loeb and finished a close second. In [New Zealand](/wiki/2008_Rally_New_Zealand \"2008 Rally New Zealand\"), Hirvonen was leading when he had a puncture and a spin on the penultimate stage, dropping him to third behind the [Citroën](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_Total_World_Rally_Team \"Citroën Total World Rally Team\") drivers Loeb and [Sordo](/wiki/Dani_Sordo \"Dani Sordo\"). The stage was a disaster for Ford as Hirvonen's teammate Latvala and [Stobart M\\-Sport Ford](/wiki/Stobart_M-Sport_Ford \"Stobart M-Sport Ford\") driver [François Duval](/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duval \"François Duval\") both crashed out from second and fifth place, respectively. Hirvonen then dropped eight points behind Loeb in the drivers' championship with only four more rallies to go.\n\nLoeb soon secured his number one spot in the drivers' championship in [Japan](/wiki/2008_Rally_Japan \"2008 Rally Japan\"), but the manufacturers' title fight was still open as Ford trailed Citroën by eleven points. That changed when Hirvonen rolled his car onto its roof in stage five of the season\\-ending [Wales Rally GB](/wiki/2008_Rally_GB \"2008 Rally GB\").[Hirvonen rolls](http://wrc.com/jsp/index.jsp?lnk=101&id=3399&desc=SS5:%20Hirvonen%20rolls) He was bumped down to 44th as a result, but managed to recover to eighth place by the end of the rally. This result meant that Hirvonen and co\\-driver Lehtinen became the first WRC drivers ever to score points on every round of a season.\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|Hirvonen at the [2010 Rally Finland](/wiki/2010_Rally_Finland \"2010 Rally Finland\").](/wiki/File:Rally_Finland_2010_-_shakedown_-_Mikko_Hirvonen_1.jpg \"Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Mikko Hirvonen 1.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen win Monte\\-Carlo (IRC) 2010 with new Fiesta S2000](/wiki/File:02_Hirvonen_Lehtinen_2010.jpg \"02 Hirvonen Lehtinen 2010.jpg\")\nHirvonen started the [2009 season](/wiki/2009_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2009 World Rally Championship season\") with a third place behind the Citroën duo at the [Rally Ireland](/wiki/2009_Rally_Ireland \"2009 Rally Ireland\"). At the [Rally Norway](/wiki/2009_Rally_Norway \"2009 Rally Norway\"), which he won in 2007, he narrowly lost the win to Loeb after a tight three\\-day battle. He went to finish second to Loeb also in the following two rallies in [Cyprus](/wiki/2009_Cyprus_Rally \"2009 Cyprus Rally\") and [Portugal](/wiki/2009_Rally_Portugal \"2009 Rally Portugal\"). In Portugal, Hirvonen tied the record for the longest points finish streak in the series (22 events) with his former teammate [Marcus Grönholm](/wiki/Marcus_Gr%C3%B6nholm \"Marcus Grönholm\"). In the next round in [Argentina](/wiki/2009_Rally_Argentina \"2009 Rally Argentina\"), Hirvonen was six seconds behind Loeb after 14 stages when his Focus RS WRC incurred an engine problem. His retirement saw Loeb take a 20\\-point lead over him in the drivers' standings.\n\nAt the [Rally d'Italia Sardegna](/wiki/2009_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2009 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\"), Hirvonen and Loeb both dropped time on day one in a bid to gain a better road position. After Loeb incurred a puncture, Hirvonen found himself unable to catch teammate Latvala, who had been pushing in front from start to finish. In the following [Acropolis Rally](/wiki/2009_Acropolis_Rally \"2009 Acropolis Rally\") in Greece, Hirvonen took his first win of the season. With Loeb crashing out, he reduced the Frenchman's championship lead to seven points. At the following [Rally Poland](/wiki/2009_Rally_Poland \"2009 Rally Poland\"), Loeb crashed again, although recovered to seventh, with Hirvonen winning his second consecutive rally he moved to the top of the standings. In [Finland](/wiki/2009_Rally_Finland \"2009 Rally Finland\"), Hirvonen took the lead on the first proper stage and continued pulling away from Loeb to take his debut win in his home event. A few weeks later, in Australia, Mikko was again in a tight battle with Loeb, where Loeb eventually won. Unfortunately for Loeb his car was found to have rollbar irregularities, as did Dani Sordo and Sébastien Ogier. They were then given 1 minute time penalties, which handed Hirvonen the win and 10 points. Hirvonen led the 2009 Championship by a point from Sebastien Loeb, and needed a win to clinch the title, but a hard landing from a jump on the penultimate stage caused the bonnet hinge to fail, as time ticked by to get rid of the bonnet cover, the Championship was handed to Loeb.[HISTORY REVIEW/ Wales Rally GB 2013 \\- Rally of Legends](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y_iMUBZuJQ)\n\nIn 2010, Hirvonen continued his partnership with Ford for the last time with the Ford Focus RS WRC before switching to the new 1\\.6 Ecoboost Ford Fiesta RS WRC in 2011\\. In 2012, Hirvonen changed his seat to a Citroën DS3 WRC to partner Sebastien Loeb in the Citroën Total World Rally Team.\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen at Monte\\-Carlo 2012](/wiki/File:002_Hirvonen_Lehtinen_11.jpg \"002 Hirvonen Lehtinen 11.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|Hirvonen at the [2011 Rallye de France](/wiki/2011_Rallye_de_France \"2011 Rallye de France\").](/wiki/File:2011_10_01_10-50Rallye_France%2C_ES12%2C_Mikko_Hirvonen.jpg \"2011 10 01 10-50Rallye France, ES12, Mikko Hirvonen.jpg\") His first rally win for Citroën was the fourth rally of the 2012 season in Portugal to provisionally take the lead in the championship, but he was later disqualified from the event due to irregularities with the clutch and turbo in his Citroën DS3 WRC.\n\n2013 was a disappointing year for Hirvonen, finishing on the podium just five times, collecting no wins. He ended the season with one of his biggest accidents ever in Wales. He finished the season in 4th place.\n\nOn 13 December 2013, it was confirmed Hirvonen would re\\-join [M\\-Sport](/wiki/M-Sport_World_Rally_Team \"M-Sport World Rally Team\"), formerly [Ford](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") for the [2014](/wiki/2014_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2014 World Rally Championship season\") season. The season was remarkably good for him, as he grabbed two podium places, and three power stage victories meant he was placed fourth in the championship, behind the dominant [Volkswagen](/wiki/Volkswagen_Motorsport \"Volkswagen Motorsport\") trio, [Sebastien Ogier](/wiki/Sebastien_Ogier \"Sebastien Ogier\"), Jari\\-Matti Latvala and [Andreas Mikkelsen](/wiki/Andreas_Mikkelsen \"Andreas Mikkelsen\").\n\nOn 6 November 2014, it was announced that he will retire from the sport, moments before the start of the Wales Rally GB.\n\n### 2015\\-present\n\nIn 2015, Hirvonen began to compete in rally raid for [X\\-Raid](/wiki/X-raid \"X-raid\") with a [Mini Countryman](/wiki/Mini_Countryman \"Mini Countryman\"), finishing third at the [Baja Aragón](/wiki/Baja_Arag%C3%B3n \"Baja Aragón\") with co\\-driver [Michel Périn](/wiki/Michel_P%C3%A9rin \"Michel Périn\"). In January 2016 he finished fourth at the [2016 Dakar Rally](/wiki/2016_Dakar_Rally \"2016 Dakar Rally\"). In the [2016 FIA Cross Country Rally World Cup](/wiki/2016_FIA_Cross_Country_Rally_World_Cup \"2016 FIA Cross Country Rally World Cup\"), the Finn won the Hungarian Baja and finished third at the e[Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge](/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Desert_Challenge \"Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge\") and Baja Aragón, ranking fourth in the overall standings. The driver finished 13th at the [2017 Dakar Rally](/wiki/2017_Dakar_Rally \"2017 Dakar Rally\").\n\n",
"### 2002–05\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen with a [Subaru Impreza WRC](/wiki/Subaru_Impreza_WRC \"Subaru Impreza WRC\") at the 2004 [Cyprus Rally](/wiki/Cyprus_Rally \"Cyprus Rally\").](/wiki/File:Mikko_Hirvonen_-_2004_Cyprus_Rally.jpg \"Mikko Hirvonen - 2004 Cyprus Rally.jpg\")\nHirvonen won the under 2000 cc [Group A](/wiki/Group_A \"Group A\") [Finnish Rally Championship](/wiki/Finnish_Rally_Championship \"Finnish Rally Championship\") in 2002\\. As one of the World Rally Championship's younger competitors he made his debut full\\-time in a third [Ford World Rally Team](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") entry in the [2003 season](/wiki/2003_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2003 World Rally Championship season\"), scoring one points finish for sixth place at the [Cyprus Rally](/wiki/Cyprus_Rally \"Cyprus Rally\").\n\nAfter [Richard Burns](/wiki/Richard_Burns \"Richard Burns\") was diagnosed with brain tumor in late 2003, Hirvonen moved to take his place as team\\-mate to 2003 world champion [Petter Solberg](/wiki/Petter_Solberg \"Petter Solberg\") in [2004](/wiki/2004_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2004 World Rally Championship season\") for the [Subaru World Rally Team](/wiki/Subaru_World_Rally_Team \"Subaru World Rally Team\"). He scored points in ten rallies, but his best event result was only fourth, at the [Rally Argentina](/wiki/Rally_Argentina \"Rally Argentina\") and at the season\\-ending [Rally Australia](/wiki/Rally_Australia \"Rally Australia\"). These performances were not enough to secure a seat for the [2005 season](/wiki/2005_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2005 World Rally Championship season\"). Hirvonen then campaigned a two\\-year\\-old [Ford Focus RS WRC 03](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC_03 \"Ford Focus RS WRC 03\") and led one rally during the course of the year, and scored a career\\-best third\\-place finish at the [Rally Catalunya](/wiki/Rally_Catalunya \"Rally Catalunya\") as a [privateer](/wiki/Privateer_%28motorsport%29 \"Privateer (motorsport)\").\n\n",
"### 2006–07\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen driving a [Ford Focus RS WRC 06](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") at the 2006 [Rally Japan](/wiki/Rally_Japan \"Rally Japan\").](/wiki/File:Ford_Foucus_WRC05.JPG \"Ford Foucus WRC05.JPG\")\nIt was Hirvonen's showings on such events that brought him back to the attention of Ford, whose factory arm signed him for the [2006 season](/wiki/2006_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2006 World Rally Championship season\"). Hirvonen drove the new [Ford Focus RS WRC 06](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC_06 \"Ford Focus RS WRC 06\") partnered with [Marcus Grönholm](/wiki/Marcus_Gr%C3%B6nholm \"Marcus Grönholm\"). Hirvonen took his first World Rally Championship win at the [Rally Australia](/wiki/Rally_Australia \"Rally Australia\"), and placed second at the [Rally d'Italia Sardegna](/wiki/Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"Rally d'Italia Sardegna\"), the [Rally of Turkey](/wiki/Rally_of_Turkey \"Rally of Turkey\") and the [Rally New Zealand](/wiki/Rally_New_Zealand \"Rally New Zealand\"). By finishing on the podium for six rallies in a row, he secured a third place overall in the drivers' world championship.\n\nIn the [2007 season](/wiki/2007_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2007 World Rally Championship season\"), Hirvonen started with a fifth place at the [75ème Rallye Automobile de Monte\\-Carlo](/wiki/75%C3%A8me_Rallye_Automobile_de_Monte-Carlo \"75ème Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo\") and a third place at the [56th Uddeholm Swedish Rally](/wiki/56th_Uddeholm_Swedish_Rally \"56th Uddeholm Swedish Rally\"). He took his second WRC victory in [Norway](/wiki/2007_Rally_Norway \"2007 Rally Norway\") and later also won the [2007 Rally Japan](/wiki/2007_Rally_Japan \"2007 Rally Japan\") and the season\\-ending [2007 Wales Rally GB](/wiki/2007_Wales_Rally_GB \"2007 Wales Rally GB\"). He finished third in the driver's championship, 17 points behind [Sébastien Loeb](/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Loeb \"Sébastien Loeb\"). With Grönholm, Hirvonen secured the manufacturers' title for Ford for the second year in running.\n\n",
"### 2008–14\n\n[thumb\\|Hirvonen at the [2008 Rallye Deutschland](/wiki/2008_Rallye_Deutschland \"2008 Rallye Deutschland\").](/wiki/File:Mikko_Hirvonen_-_2008_Rallye_Deutschland_4.jpg \"Mikko Hirvonen - 2008 Rallye Deutschland 4.jpg\")\nOn 17 December, Hirvonen was officially named as the number one BP\\-Ford Abu Dhabi factory driver for the [2008 season](/wiki/2008_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2008 World Rally Championship season\"), after Marcus Grönholm's retirement. His young compatriot [Jari\\-Matti Latvala](/wiki/Jari-Matti_Latvala \"Jari-Matti Latvala\") was named his teammate in the second factory Focus. Hirvonen started the season with a second place at the [2008 Monte Carlo Rally](/wiki/2008_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2008 Monte Carlo Rally\"), which was his and the BP\\-Ford Team's target. In [Sweden](/wiki/2008_Swedish_Rally \"2008 Swedish Rally\"), he was considered as favourite, but had to settle for second being unable to keep up with his younger teammate's pace. After [Rally Mexico](/wiki/2008_Rally_Mexico \"2008 Rally Mexico\"), where he had punctures and had to change a wheel, and in [Rally Argentina](/wiki/2008_Rally_Argentina \"2008 Rally Argentina\"), where he retired from the lead and then re\\-joined under *SupeRally* rules to take fifth place, Hirvonen took his first win of the season at the inaugural [Jordan Rally](/wiki/2008_Jordan_Rally \"2008 Jordan Rally\").\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen at the [2008 Rally Catalunya](/wiki/2008_Rally_Catalunya \"2008 Rally Catalunya\").](/wiki/File:Mikko_Hirvonen_-_2008_Rally_Catalunya.jpg \"Mikko Hirvonen - 2008 Rally Catalunya.jpg\")\nHirvonen took his second victory of the season in [Turkey](/wiki/2008_Rally_of_Turkey \"2008 Rally of Turkey\"). Despite being the favourite to win at his home event, the [Rally Finland](/wiki/2008_Rally_Finland \"2008 Rally Finland\"), he could not match the pace of his title rival Loeb and finished a close second. In [New Zealand](/wiki/2008_Rally_New_Zealand \"2008 Rally New Zealand\"), Hirvonen was leading when he had a puncture and a spin on the penultimate stage, dropping him to third behind the [Citroën](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_Total_World_Rally_Team \"Citroën Total World Rally Team\") drivers Loeb and [Sordo](/wiki/Dani_Sordo \"Dani Sordo\"). The stage was a disaster for Ford as Hirvonen's teammate Latvala and [Stobart M\\-Sport Ford](/wiki/Stobart_M-Sport_Ford \"Stobart M-Sport Ford\") driver [François Duval](/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duval \"François Duval\") both crashed out from second and fifth place, respectively. Hirvonen then dropped eight points behind Loeb in the drivers' championship with only four more rallies to go.\n\nLoeb soon secured his number one spot in the drivers' championship in [Japan](/wiki/2008_Rally_Japan \"2008 Rally Japan\"), but the manufacturers' title fight was still open as Ford trailed Citroën by eleven points. That changed when Hirvonen rolled his car onto its roof in stage five of the season\\-ending [Wales Rally GB](/wiki/2008_Rally_GB \"2008 Rally GB\").[Hirvonen rolls](http://wrc.com/jsp/index.jsp?lnk=101&id=3399&desc=SS5:%20Hirvonen%20rolls) He was bumped down to 44th as a result, but managed to recover to eighth place by the end of the rally. This result meant that Hirvonen and co\\-driver Lehtinen became the first WRC drivers ever to score points on every round of a season.\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|Hirvonen at the [2010 Rally Finland](/wiki/2010_Rally_Finland \"2010 Rally Finland\").](/wiki/File:Rally_Finland_2010_-_shakedown_-_Mikko_Hirvonen_1.jpg \"Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Mikko Hirvonen 1.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen win Monte\\-Carlo (IRC) 2010 with new Fiesta S2000](/wiki/File:02_Hirvonen_Lehtinen_2010.jpg \"02 Hirvonen Lehtinen 2010.jpg\")\nHirvonen started the [2009 season](/wiki/2009_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2009 World Rally Championship season\") with a third place behind the Citroën duo at the [Rally Ireland](/wiki/2009_Rally_Ireland \"2009 Rally Ireland\"). At the [Rally Norway](/wiki/2009_Rally_Norway \"2009 Rally Norway\"), which he won in 2007, he narrowly lost the win to Loeb after a tight three\\-day battle. He went to finish second to Loeb also in the following two rallies in [Cyprus](/wiki/2009_Cyprus_Rally \"2009 Cyprus Rally\") and [Portugal](/wiki/2009_Rally_Portugal \"2009 Rally Portugal\"). In Portugal, Hirvonen tied the record for the longest points finish streak in the series (22 events) with his former teammate [Marcus Grönholm](/wiki/Marcus_Gr%C3%B6nholm \"Marcus Grönholm\"). In the next round in [Argentina](/wiki/2009_Rally_Argentina \"2009 Rally Argentina\"), Hirvonen was six seconds behind Loeb after 14 stages when his Focus RS WRC incurred an engine problem. His retirement saw Loeb take a 20\\-point lead over him in the drivers' standings.\n\nAt the [Rally d'Italia Sardegna](/wiki/2009_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2009 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\"), Hirvonen and Loeb both dropped time on day one in a bid to gain a better road position. After Loeb incurred a puncture, Hirvonen found himself unable to catch teammate Latvala, who had been pushing in front from start to finish. In the following [Acropolis Rally](/wiki/2009_Acropolis_Rally \"2009 Acropolis Rally\") in Greece, Hirvonen took his first win of the season. With Loeb crashing out, he reduced the Frenchman's championship lead to seven points. At the following [Rally Poland](/wiki/2009_Rally_Poland \"2009 Rally Poland\"), Loeb crashed again, although recovered to seventh, with Hirvonen winning his second consecutive rally he moved to the top of the standings. In [Finland](/wiki/2009_Rally_Finland \"2009 Rally Finland\"), Hirvonen took the lead on the first proper stage and continued pulling away from Loeb to take his debut win in his home event. A few weeks later, in Australia, Mikko was again in a tight battle with Loeb, where Loeb eventually won. Unfortunately for Loeb his car was found to have rollbar irregularities, as did Dani Sordo and Sébastien Ogier. They were then given 1 minute time penalties, which handed Hirvonen the win and 10 points. Hirvonen led the 2009 Championship by a point from Sebastien Loeb, and needed a win to clinch the title, but a hard landing from a jump on the penultimate stage caused the bonnet hinge to fail, as time ticked by to get rid of the bonnet cover, the Championship was handed to Loeb.[HISTORY REVIEW/ Wales Rally GB 2013 \\- Rally of Legends](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y_iMUBZuJQ)\n\nIn 2010, Hirvonen continued his partnership with Ford for the last time with the Ford Focus RS WRC before switching to the new 1\\.6 Ecoboost Ford Fiesta RS WRC in 2011\\. In 2012, Hirvonen changed his seat to a Citroën DS3 WRC to partner Sebastien Loeb in the Citroën Total World Rally Team.\n[thumb\\|left\\|Hirvonen at Monte\\-Carlo 2012](/wiki/File:002_Hirvonen_Lehtinen_11.jpg \"002 Hirvonen Lehtinen 11.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|Hirvonen at the [2011 Rallye de France](/wiki/2011_Rallye_de_France \"2011 Rallye de France\").](/wiki/File:2011_10_01_10-50Rallye_France%2C_ES12%2C_Mikko_Hirvonen.jpg \"2011 10 01 10-50Rallye France, ES12, Mikko Hirvonen.jpg\") His first rally win for Citroën was the fourth rally of the 2012 season in Portugal to provisionally take the lead in the championship, but he was later disqualified from the event due to irregularities with the clutch and turbo in his Citroën DS3 WRC.\n\n2013 was a disappointing year for Hirvonen, finishing on the podium just five times, collecting no wins. He ended the season with one of his biggest accidents ever in Wales. He finished the season in 4th place.\n\nOn 13 December 2013, it was confirmed Hirvonen would re\\-join [M\\-Sport](/wiki/M-Sport_World_Rally_Team \"M-Sport World Rally Team\"), formerly [Ford](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") for the [2014](/wiki/2014_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2014 World Rally Championship season\") season. The season was remarkably good for him, as he grabbed two podium places, and three power stage victories meant he was placed fourth in the championship, behind the dominant [Volkswagen](/wiki/Volkswagen_Motorsport \"Volkswagen Motorsport\") trio, [Sebastien Ogier](/wiki/Sebastien_Ogier \"Sebastien Ogier\"), Jari\\-Matti Latvala and [Andreas Mikkelsen](/wiki/Andreas_Mikkelsen \"Andreas Mikkelsen\").\n\nOn 6 November 2014, it was announced that he will retire from the sport, moments before the start of the Wales Rally GB.\n\n",
"### 2015\\-present\n\nIn 2015, Hirvonen began to compete in rally raid for [X\\-Raid](/wiki/X-raid \"X-raid\") with a [Mini Countryman](/wiki/Mini_Countryman \"Mini Countryman\"), finishing third at the [Baja Aragón](/wiki/Baja_Arag%C3%B3n \"Baja Aragón\") with co\\-driver [Michel Périn](/wiki/Michel_P%C3%A9rin \"Michel Périn\"). In January 2016 he finished fourth at the [2016 Dakar Rally](/wiki/2016_Dakar_Rally \"2016 Dakar Rally\"). In the [2016 FIA Cross Country Rally World Cup](/wiki/2016_FIA_Cross_Country_Rally_World_Cup \"2016 FIA Cross Country Rally World Cup\"), the Finn won the Hungarian Baja and finished third at the e[Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge](/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Desert_Challenge \"Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge\") and Baja Aragón, ranking fourth in the overall standings. The driver finished 13th at the [2017 Dakar Rally](/wiki/2017_Dakar_Rally \"2017 Dakar Rally\").\n\n",
"WRC victories\n-------------\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|Hirvonen before his first win in Australia.](/wiki/File:MikkoAUS2006.JPG \"MikkoAUS2006.JPG\")\n\n| No. | Event | Season | Co\\-driver | Car |\n\n| 1\n\n [19th Telstra Rally Australia](/wiki/Rally_Australia \"Rally Australia\") |\n [2006](/wiki/2006_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2006 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [Jarmo Lehtinen](/wiki/Jarmo_Lehtinen \"Jarmo Lehtinen\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 06](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\")\n\n| 2\n\n [2nd Rally Norway](/wiki/2007_Rally_Norway \"2007 Rally Norway\") |\n [2007](/wiki/2007_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2007 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n| 3\n\n [4th Rally Japan](/wiki/2007_Rally_Japan \"2007 Rally Japan\") |\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 07](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\")\n\n| 4\n\n [63rd Wales Rally of Great Britain](/wiki/2007_Rally_GB \"2007 Rally GB\") |\n| 5\n\n [26th Jordan Rally](/wiki/2008_Jordan_Rally \"2008 Jordan Rally\") |\n [2008](/wiki/2008_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2008 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n| 6\n\n [9th Rally of Turkey](/wiki/2008_Rally_of_Turkey \"2008 Rally of Turkey\") |\n| 7\n\n [5th Rally Japan](/wiki/2008_Rally_Japan \"2008 Rally Japan\") |\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 08](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n| 8\n\n [56th Acropolis Rally of Greece](/wiki/2009_Acropolis_Rally \"2009 Acropolis Rally\") |\n [2009](/wiki/2009_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2009 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 09](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\")\n\n| 9\n\n [66th Rally of Poland](/wiki/2009_Rally_Poland \"2009 Rally Poland\") |\n| 10\n\n [59th Neste Oil Rally Finland](/wiki/2009_Rally_Finland \"2009 Rally Finland\") |\n| 11\n\n [20th Repco Rally Australia](/wiki/2009_Rally_Australia \"2009 Rally Australia\") |\n| 12\n\n [58th Rally Sweden](/wiki/2010_Rally_Sweden \"2010 Rally Sweden\") |\n [2010](/wiki/2010_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2010 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n| 13\n\n [59th Rally Sweden](/wiki/2011_Rally_Sweden \"2011 Rally Sweden\") |\n [2011](/wiki/2011_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2011 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [Ford Fiesta RS WRC](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_RS_WRC \"Ford Fiesta RS WRC\")\n\n| 14\n\n [21st Rally Australia](/wiki/2011_Rally_Australia \"2011 Rally Australia\") |\n| 15\n\n [9º Rally d'Italia Sardegna](/wiki/2012_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2012 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") |\n [2012](/wiki/2012_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2012 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [Citroën DS3 WRC](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS3_WRC \"Citroën DS3 WRC\") |\n\n",
"IRC victories\n-------------\n\n| No. | Event | Season | Co\\-driver | Car |\n\n| 1\n\n [78ème Rallye Automobile de Monte\\-Carlo](/wiki/2010_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2010 Monte Carlo Rally\") |\n [2010](/wiki/2010_Intercontinental_Rally_Challenge_season \"2010 Intercontinental Rally Challenge season\")\n\n [Jarmo Lehtinen](/wiki/Jarmo_Lehtinen \"Jarmo Lehtinen\") |\n [Ford Fiesta S2000](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_S2000 \"Ford Fiesta S2000\") |\n",
"Career results\n--------------\n\n### Complete WRC results\n\n| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pos | Points |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2002](/wiki/2002_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2002 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n Mikko Hirvonen\n\n [Renault Clio S1600](/wiki/Renault_Clio_S1600 \"Renault Clio S1600\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2002_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2002 Monte Carlo Rally\") |\n [SWE](/wiki/2002_Swedish_Rally \"2002 Swedish Rally\") |\n [FRA](/wiki/2002_Tour_de_Corse \"2002 Tour de Corse\") |\n [ESP](/wiki/2002_Rally_Catalunya \"2002 Rally Catalunya\") |\n [CYP](/wiki/2002_Cyprus_Rally \"2002 Cyprus Rally\") |\n [ARG](/wiki/2002_Rally_Argentina \"2002 Rally Argentina\") |\n [GRC](/wiki/2002_Acropolis_Rally \"2002 Acropolis Rally\") |\n [KEN](/wiki/2002_Safari_Rally \"2002 Safari Rally\") |\n [FIN](/wiki/2002_Rally_Finland \"2002 Rally Finland\") \n21\n\n [GER](/wiki/2002_Rallye_Deutschland \"2002 Rallye Deutschland\") |\n [ITA](/wiki/2002_Rallye_Sanremo \"2002 Rallye Sanremo\") \nRet\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2002_Rally_New_Zealand \"2002 Rally New Zealand\") |\n [AUS](/wiki/2002_Rally_Australia \"2002 Rally Australia\") |\n |\n |\n |\n NC\n\n 0\n\n| [Subaru Impreza WRC](/wiki/Subaru_Impreza_WRC \"Subaru Impreza WRC\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [GBR](/wiki/2002_Rally_GB \"2002 Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n| [2003](/wiki/2003_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2003 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [Ford Motor Co](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 02](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2003_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2003 Monte Carlo Rally\") \nRet\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2003_Swedish_Rally \"2003 Swedish Rally\") \n11\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2003_Rally_of_Turkey \"2003 Rally of Turkey\") \nRet\n\n |\n [ARG](/wiki/2003_Rally_Argentina \"2003 Rally Argentina\") \n16\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2003_Acropolis_Rally \"2003 Acropolis Rally\") \nRet\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2003_Cyprus_Rally \"2003 Cyprus Rally\") \n6\n\n [GER](/wiki/2003_Rallye_Deutschland \"2003 Rallye Deutschland\") \n13\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2003_Rally_Finland \"2003 Rally Finland\") \nRet\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2003_Rally_Australia \"2003 Rally Australia\") \n9\n\n |\n |\n |\n [GBR](/wiki/2003_Wales_Rally_GB \"2003 Wales Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n 16th\n\n 3\n\n| [Ford Focus RS WRC 03](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | [NZL](/wiki/2003_Rally_New_Zealand \"2003 Rally New Zealand\") \n10\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n [ITA](/wiki/2003_Rallye_Sanremo \"2003 Rallye Sanremo\") \nRet\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2003_Tour_de_Corse \"2003 Tour de Corse\") \n10\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2003_Rally_Catalunya \"2003 Rally Catalunya\") \n14\n\n |\n |\n |\n| [2004](/wiki/2004_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2004 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [555 Subaru WRT](/wiki/Subaru_World_Rally_Team \"Subaru World Rally Team\")\n\n [Subaru Impreza WRC 03](/wiki/Subaru_Impreza_WRC \"Subaru Impreza WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2004_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2004 Monte Carlo Rally\") \nRet\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2004_Swedish_Rally \"2004 Swedish Rally\") \n9\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n 7th\n\n 29\n\n| [Subaru Impreza WRC 04](/wiki/Subaru_Impreza_WRC \"Subaru Impreza WRC\") | | | [MEX](/wiki/2004_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2004 Rally México\") \n5\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2004_Rally_New_Zealand \"2004 Rally New Zealand\") \n7\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2004_Cyprus_Rally \"2004 Cyprus Rally\") \n5\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2004_Acropolis_Rally \"2004 Acropolis Rally\") \nRet\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2004_Rally_of_Turkey \"2004 Rally of Turkey\") \n6\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2004_Rally_Argentina \"2004 Rally Argentina\") \n4\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2004_Rally_Finland \"2004 Rally Finland\") \nRet\n\n [GER](/wiki/2004_Rallye_Deutschland \"2004 Rallye Deutschland\") \n8\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2004_Rally_Japan \"2004 Rally Japan\") \n7\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2004_Rally_GB \"2004 Rally GB\") \n7\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2004_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2004 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \nRet\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2004_Tour_de_Corse \"2004 Tour de Corse\") \n10\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2004_Rally_Catalunya \"2004 Rally Catalunya\") \n8\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2004_Rally_Australia \"2004 Rally Australia\") \n4\n\n| [2005](/wiki/2005_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2005 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n Mikko Hirvonen |\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 03](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2005_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2005 Monte Carlo Rally\") |\n [SWE](/wiki/2005_Swedish_Rally \"2005 Swedish Rally\") \nRet\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2005_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2005 Rally México\") |\n [NZL](/wiki/2005_Rally_New_Zealand \"2005 Rally New Zealand\") |\n [ITA](/wiki/2005_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2005 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \nRet\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2005_Cyprus_Rally \"2005 Cyprus Rally\") |\n [TUR](/wiki/2005_Rally_of_Turkey \"2005 Rally of Turkey\") |\n [GRC](/wiki/2005_Acropolis_Rally \"2005 Acropolis Rally\") \n5\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2005_Rally_Argentina \"2005 Rally Argentina\") |\n |\n [GER](/wiki/2005_Rallye_Deutschland \"2005 Rallye Deutschland\") |\n [GBR](/wiki/2005_Rally_GB \"2005 Rally GB\") |\n |\n [FRA](/wiki/2005_Tour_de_Corse \"2005 Tour de Corse\") |\n [ESP](/wiki/2005_Rally_Catalunya \"2005 Rally Catalunya\") \n3\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2005_Rally_Australia \"2005 Rally Australia\") |\n 10th\n\n 14\n\n| [BP Ford WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") | [Ford Focus RS WRC 04](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | | | | | | | [FIN](/wiki/2005_Rally_Finland \"2005 Rally Finland\") \n5\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n| [Škoda Motorsport](/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Motorsport \"Škoda Motorsport\") | [Škoda Fabia WRC](/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Fabia_WRC \"Škoda Fabia WRC\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | [JPN](/wiki/2005_Rally_Japan \"2005 Rally Japan\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n |\n| [2006](/wiki/2006_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2006 World Rally Championship season\") | [BP Ford WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") | [Ford Focus RS WRC 06](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | [MON](/wiki/2006_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2006 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n7\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2006_Swedish_Rally \"2006 Swedish Rally\") \n12\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2006_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2006 Rally México\") \n14\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2006_Rally_Catalunya \"2006 Rally Catalunya\") \n9\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2006_Tour_de_Corse \"2006 Tour de Corse\") \n4\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2006_Rally_Argentina \"2006 Rally Argentina\") \nRet\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2006_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2006 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2006_Acropolis_Rally \"2006 Acropolis Rally\") \n3\n\n [GER](/wiki/2006_Rallye_Deutschland \"2006 Rallye Deutschland\") \n9\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2006_Rally_Finland \"2006 Rally Finland\") \n3\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2006_Rally_Japan \"2006 Rally Japan\") \n3\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2006_Cyprus_Rally \"2006 Cyprus Rally\") \n3\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2006_Rally_of_Turkey \"2006 Rally of Turkey\") \n2\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2006_Rally_Australia \"2006 Rally Australia\") \n1\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2006_Rally_New_Zealand \"2006 Rally New Zealand\") \n2\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2006_Rally_GB \"2006 Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n **3rd**\n\n **65**\n\n| [2007](/wiki/2007_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2007 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [BP Ford WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 06](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2007_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2007 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n5\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2007_Swedish_Rally \"2007 Swedish Rally\") \n3\n\n [NOR](/wiki/2007_Rally_Norway \"2007 Rally Norway\") \n1\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2007_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2007 Rally México\") \n3\n\n [POR](/wiki/2007_Rally_Portugal \"2007 Rally Portugal\") \n5\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2007_Rally_Argentina \"2007 Rally Argentina\") \n3\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2007_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2007 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2007_Acropolis_Rally \"2007 Acropolis Rally\") \n4\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **3rd**\n\n **99**\n\n| [Ford Focus RS WRC 07](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | | | | | | [FIN](/wiki/2007_Rally_Finland \"2007 Rally Finland\") \n2\n\n [GER](/wiki/2007_Rallye_Deutschland \"2007 Rallye Deutschland\") \n3\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2007_Rally_New_Zealand \"2007 Rally New Zealand\") \n3\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2007_Rally_Catalunya \"2007 Rally Catalunya\") \n4\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2007_Tour_de_Corse \"2007 Tour de Corse\") \n13\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2007_Rally_Japan \"2007 Rally Japan\") \n1\n\n [IRE](/wiki/2007_Rally_Ireland \"2007 Rally Ireland\") \n4\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2007_Rally_GB \"2007 Rally GB\") \n1\n\n| [2008](/wiki/2008_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2008 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [BP Ford Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 07](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2008_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2008 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n2\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2008_Swedish_Rally \"2008 Swedish Rally\") \n2\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2008_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2008 Rally México\") \n4\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2008_Rally_Argentina \"2008 Rally Argentina\") \n5\n\n [JOR](/wiki/2008_Jordan_Rally \"2008 Jordan Rally\") \n1\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2008_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2008 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2008_Acropolis_Rally \"2008 Acropolis Rally\") \n3\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2008_Rally_of_Turkey \"2008 Rally of Turkey\") \n1\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2008_Rally_Finland \"2008 Rally Finland\") \n2\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **2nd**\n\n **103**\n\n| [Ford Focus RS WRC 08](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | | | | | | | [GER](/wiki/2008_Rallye_Deutschland \"2008 Rallye Deutschland\") \n4\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2008_Rally_New_Zealand \"2008 Rally New Zealand\") \n3\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2008_Rally_Catalunya \"2008 Rally Catalunya\") \n3\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2008_Tour_de_Corse \"2008 Tour de Corse\") \n2\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2008_Rally_Japan \"2008 Rally Japan\") \n1\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2008_Rally_GB \"2008 Rally GB\") \n8\n\n |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2009 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [BP Ford Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 08](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [IRE](/wiki/2009_Rally_Ireland \"2009 Rally Ireland\") \n3\n\n [NOR](/wiki/2009_Rally_Norway \"2009 Rally Norway\") \n2\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2009_Cyprus_Rally \"2009 Cyprus Rally\") \n2\n\n [POR](/wiki/2009_Rally_Portugal \"2009 Rally Portugal\") \n2\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2009_Rally_Argentina \"2009 Rally Argentina\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **2nd**\n\n **92**\n\n| [Ford Focus RS WRC 09](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | | | [ITA](/wiki/2009_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2009 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [GRE](/wiki/2009_Acropolis_Rally \"2009 Acropolis Rally\") \n1\n\n [POL](/wiki/2009_Rally_Poland \"2009 Rally Poland\") \n1\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2009_Rally_Finland \"2009 Rally Finland\") \n1\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2009_Rally_Australia \"2009 Rally Australia\") \n1\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2009_Rally_Catalunya \"2009 Rally Catalunya\") \n3\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2009_Rally_GB \"2009 Rally GB\") \n2\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n| [2010](/wiki/2010_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2010 World Rally Championship season\") | [BP Ford Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") | [Ford Focus RS WRC 09](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | [SWE](/wiki/2010_Rally_Sweden \"2010 Rally Sweden\") \n1\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2010_Rally_Mexico \"2010 Rally Mexico\") \n4\n\n [JOR](/wiki/2010_Jordan_Rally \"2010 Jordan Rally\") \n20\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2010_Rally_of_Turkey \"2010 Rally of Turkey\") \n3\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2010_Rally_New_Zealand \"2010 Rally New Zealand\") \n4\n\n [POR](/wiki/2010_Rally_de_Portugal \"2010 Rally de Portugal\") \n4\n\n [BUL](/wiki/2010_Rally_Bulgaria \"2010 Rally Bulgaria\") \n5\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2010_Rally_Finland \"2010 Rally Finland\") \nRet\n\n [GER](/wiki/2010_Rallye_Deutschland \"2010 Rallye Deutschland\") \nRet\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2010_Rally_Japan \"2010 Rally Japan\") \n6\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2010_Rallye_de_France \"2010 Rallye de France\") \n5\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2010_Rally_Catalunya \"2010 Rally Catalunya\") \n5\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2010_Rally_GB \"2010 Rally GB\") \n4\n\n |\n |\n |\n 6th |\n 126 |\n| [2011](/wiki/2011_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2011 World Rally Championship season\") | [Ford Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") | [Ford Fiesta RS WRC](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_RS_WRC \"Ford Fiesta RS WRC\") | [SWE](/wiki/2011_Rally_Sweden \"2011 Rally Sweden\") \n1\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2011_Rally_Mexico \"2011 Rally Mexico\") \n2\n\n [POR](/wiki/2011_Rally_de_Portugal \"2011 Rally de Portugal\") \n4\n\n [JOR](/wiki/2011_Jordan_Rally \"2011 Jordan Rally\") \n4\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2011_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2011 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2011_Rally_Argentina \"2011 Rally Argentina\") \n2\n\n [GRE](/wiki/2011_Acropolis_Rally \"2011 Acropolis Rally\") \n3\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2011_Rally_Finland \"2011 Rally Finland\") \n4\n\n [GER](/wiki/2011_Rallye_Deutschland \"2011 Rallye Deutschland\") \n4\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2011_Rally_Australia \"2011 Rally Australia\") \n1\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2011_Rallye_de_France \"2011 Rallye de France\") \n3\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2011_Rally_Catalunya \"2011 Rally Catalunya\") \n2\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2011_Rally_GB \"2011 Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n |\n **2nd**\n\n **214**\n\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2012 World Rally Championship season\") | [Citroën Total WRT](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_World_Rally_Team \"Citroën World Rally Team\") | [Citroën DS3 WRC](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS3_WRC \"Citroën DS3 WRC\") | [MON](/wiki/2012_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2012 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n4\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2012_Rally_Sweden \"2012 Rally Sweden\") \n2\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2012_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2012 Rally México\") \n2\n\n [POR](/wiki/2012_Rally_de_Portugal \"2012 Rally de Portugal\") \nDSQ\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2012_Rally_Argentina \"2012 Rally Argentina\") \n2\n\n [GRE](/wiki/2012_Acropolis_Rally \"2012 Acropolis Rally\") \n2\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2012_Rally_New_Zealand \"2012 Rally New Zealand\") \n2\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2012_Rally_Finland \"2012 Rally Finland\") \n2\n\n [GER](/wiki/2012_Rallye_Deutschland \"2012 Rallye Deutschland\") \n3\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2012_Rally_GB \"2012 Rally GB\") \n5\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2012_Rallye_de_France-Alsace \"2012 Rallye de France-Alsace\") \n3\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2012_Rally_d%27Italia \"2012 Rally d'Italia\") \n1\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2012_Rally_de_Espa%C3%B1a \"2012 Rally de España\") \n3\n\n |\n |\n |\n **2nd**\n\n **213**\n\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2013 World Rally Championship season\") | [Citroën Total Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_World_Rally_Team \"Citroën World Rally Team\") | [Citroën DS3 WRC](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS3_WRC \"Citroën DS3 WRC\") | [MON](/wiki/2013_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2013 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n4\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2013_Rally_Sweden \"2013 Rally Sweden\") \n17\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2013_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2013 Rally México\") \n2\n\n [POR](/wiki/2013_Rally_de_Portugal \"2013 Rally de Portugal\") \n2\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2013_Rally_Argentina \"2013 Rally Argentina\") \n6\n\n [GRE](/wiki/2013_Acropolis_Rally \"2013 Acropolis Rally\") \n8\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2013_Rally_d%27Italia \"2013 Rally d'Italia\") \nRet\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2013_Rally_Finland \"2013 Rally Finland\") \n4\n\n [GER](/wiki/2013_Rallye_Deutschland \"2013 Rallye Deutschland\") \n3\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2013_Rally_Australia \"2013 Rally Australia\") \n3\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2013_Rallye_de_France-Alsace \"2013 Rallye de France-Alsace\") \n6\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2013_Rally_de_Espa%C3%B1a \"2013 Rally de España\") \n3\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2013_Wales_Rally_GB \"2013 Wales Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n |\n 4th |\n 126 |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2014 World Rally Championship season\") | [M\\-Sport WRT](/wiki/M-Sport_World_Rally_Team \"M-Sport World Rally Team\") | [Ford Fiesta RS WRC](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_RS_WRC \"Ford Fiesta RS WRC\") | [MON](/wiki/2014_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2014 Monte Carlo Rally\") \nRet\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2014_Rally_Sweden \"2014 Rally Sweden\") \n4\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2014_Rally_Mexico \"2014 Rally Mexico\") \n8\n\n [POR](/wiki/2014_Rally_de_Portugal \"2014 Rally de Portugal\") \n2\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2014_Rally_Argentina \"2014 Rally Argentina\") \n9\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2014_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2014 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \nRet\n\n [POL](/wiki/2014_Rally_Poland \"2014 Rally Poland\") \n4\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2014_Rally_Finland \"2014 Rally Finland\") \n5\n\n [GER](/wiki/2014_Rallye_Deutschland \"2014 Rallye Deutschland\") \n5\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2014_Rally_Australia \"2014 Rally Australia\") \n5\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2014_Rallye_de_France-Alsace \"2014 Rallye de France-Alsace\") \n5\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2014_Rally_de_Espa%C3%B1a \"2014 Rally de España\") \n3\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2014_Wales_Rally_GB \"2014 Wales Rally GB\") \n2\n\n |\n |\n |\n 4th |\n 126 |\n\n### IRC results\n\n| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Pos | Points |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2010](/wiki/2010_Intercontinental_Rally_Challenge \"2010 Intercontinental Rally Challenge\") | [M\\-Sport Ltd.](/wiki/M-Sport \"M-Sport\") | [Ford Fiesta S2000](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_S2000 \"Ford Fiesta S2000\") | [MON](/wiki/2010_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2010 Monte Carlo Rally\")1 | [BRA](/wiki/2010_Rally_International_of_Curitiba \"2010 Rally International of Curitiba\") | [ARG](/wiki/2010_Rally_Argentina \"2010 Rally Argentina\") | [CAN](/wiki/2010_Rally_Islas_Canarias \"2010 Rally Islas Canarias\") | [ITA](/wiki/2010_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2010 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") | [BEL](/wiki/2010_Ypres_Rally \"2010 Ypres Rally\") | [AZO](/wiki/2010_Rally_Azores \"2010 Rally Azores\") | [MAD](/wiki/2010_Rali_Vinho_da_Madeira \"2010 Rali Vinho da Madeira\") | [CZE](/wiki/2010_Czech_Rally \"2010 Czech Rally\") | [ITA](/wiki/2010_Rallye_Sanremo \"2010 Rallye Sanremo\") | [SCO](/wiki/2010_Rally_Scotland \"2010 Rally Scotland\") | [CYP](/wiki/2010_Cyprus_Rally \"2010 Cyprus Rally\") | 11th | 10 |\n\n### ERC results\n\n| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Pos | Points |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2019](/wiki/2019_European_Rally_Championship \"2019 European Rally Championship\") | [MM Motorsport](/wiki/MM_Motorsport \"MM Motorsport\") | [Ford Fiesta R5](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_R5 \"Ford Fiesta R5\") | [AZO](/wiki/Rallye_A%C3%A7ores \"Rallye Açores\") | [CAN](/wiki/Rally_Islas_Canarias \"Rally Islas Canarias\") | [LIE](/wiki/Rally_Liep%C4%81ja \"Rally Liepāja\") | [POL](/wiki/Rally_Poland \"Rally Poland\") | [RMC](/wiki/Rally_di_Roma_Capitale \"Rally di Roma Capitale\") | [CZE](/wiki/Barum_Rally_Zl%C3%ADn \"Barum Rally Zlín\") | [CYP](/wiki/Cyprus_Rally \"Cyprus Rally\") | [HUN](/wiki/Rally_Hungary \"Rally Hungary\") | 20th | 21 |\n\n",
"### Complete WRC results\n\n| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | Pos | Points |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2002](/wiki/2002_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2002 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n Mikko Hirvonen\n\n [Renault Clio S1600](/wiki/Renault_Clio_S1600 \"Renault Clio S1600\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2002_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2002 Monte Carlo Rally\") |\n [SWE](/wiki/2002_Swedish_Rally \"2002 Swedish Rally\") |\n [FRA](/wiki/2002_Tour_de_Corse \"2002 Tour de Corse\") |\n [ESP](/wiki/2002_Rally_Catalunya \"2002 Rally Catalunya\") |\n [CYP](/wiki/2002_Cyprus_Rally \"2002 Cyprus Rally\") |\n [ARG](/wiki/2002_Rally_Argentina \"2002 Rally Argentina\") |\n [GRC](/wiki/2002_Acropolis_Rally \"2002 Acropolis Rally\") |\n [KEN](/wiki/2002_Safari_Rally \"2002 Safari Rally\") |\n [FIN](/wiki/2002_Rally_Finland \"2002 Rally Finland\") \n21\n\n [GER](/wiki/2002_Rallye_Deutschland \"2002 Rallye Deutschland\") |\n [ITA](/wiki/2002_Rallye_Sanremo \"2002 Rallye Sanremo\") \nRet\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2002_Rally_New_Zealand \"2002 Rally New Zealand\") |\n [AUS](/wiki/2002_Rally_Australia \"2002 Rally Australia\") |\n |\n |\n |\n NC\n\n 0\n\n| [Subaru Impreza WRC](/wiki/Subaru_Impreza_WRC \"Subaru Impreza WRC\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [GBR](/wiki/2002_Rally_GB \"2002 Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n| [2003](/wiki/2003_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2003 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [Ford Motor Co](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 02](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2003_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2003 Monte Carlo Rally\") \nRet\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2003_Swedish_Rally \"2003 Swedish Rally\") \n11\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2003_Rally_of_Turkey \"2003 Rally of Turkey\") \nRet\n\n |\n [ARG](/wiki/2003_Rally_Argentina \"2003 Rally Argentina\") \n16\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2003_Acropolis_Rally \"2003 Acropolis Rally\") \nRet\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2003_Cyprus_Rally \"2003 Cyprus Rally\") \n6\n\n [GER](/wiki/2003_Rallye_Deutschland \"2003 Rallye Deutschland\") \n13\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2003_Rally_Finland \"2003 Rally Finland\") \nRet\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2003_Rally_Australia \"2003 Rally Australia\") \n9\n\n |\n |\n |\n [GBR](/wiki/2003_Wales_Rally_GB \"2003 Wales Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n 16th\n\n 3\n\n| [Ford Focus RS WRC 03](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | [NZL](/wiki/2003_Rally_New_Zealand \"2003 Rally New Zealand\") \n10\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n [ITA](/wiki/2003_Rallye_Sanremo \"2003 Rallye Sanremo\") \nRet\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2003_Tour_de_Corse \"2003 Tour de Corse\") \n10\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2003_Rally_Catalunya \"2003 Rally Catalunya\") \n14\n\n |\n |\n |\n| [2004](/wiki/2004_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2004 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [555 Subaru WRT](/wiki/Subaru_World_Rally_Team \"Subaru World Rally Team\")\n\n [Subaru Impreza WRC 03](/wiki/Subaru_Impreza_WRC \"Subaru Impreza WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2004_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2004 Monte Carlo Rally\") \nRet\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2004_Swedish_Rally \"2004 Swedish Rally\") \n9\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n 7th\n\n 29\n\n| [Subaru Impreza WRC 04](/wiki/Subaru_Impreza_WRC \"Subaru Impreza WRC\") | | | [MEX](/wiki/2004_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2004 Rally México\") \n5\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2004_Rally_New_Zealand \"2004 Rally New Zealand\") \n7\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2004_Cyprus_Rally \"2004 Cyprus Rally\") \n5\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2004_Acropolis_Rally \"2004 Acropolis Rally\") \nRet\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2004_Rally_of_Turkey \"2004 Rally of Turkey\") \n6\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2004_Rally_Argentina \"2004 Rally Argentina\") \n4\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2004_Rally_Finland \"2004 Rally Finland\") \nRet\n\n [GER](/wiki/2004_Rallye_Deutschland \"2004 Rallye Deutschland\") \n8\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2004_Rally_Japan \"2004 Rally Japan\") \n7\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2004_Rally_GB \"2004 Rally GB\") \n7\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2004_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2004 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \nRet\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2004_Tour_de_Corse \"2004 Tour de Corse\") \n10\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2004_Rally_Catalunya \"2004 Rally Catalunya\") \n8\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2004_Rally_Australia \"2004 Rally Australia\") \n4\n\n| [2005](/wiki/2005_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2005 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n Mikko Hirvonen |\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 03](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2005_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2005 Monte Carlo Rally\") |\n [SWE](/wiki/2005_Swedish_Rally \"2005 Swedish Rally\") \nRet\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2005_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2005 Rally México\") |\n [NZL](/wiki/2005_Rally_New_Zealand \"2005 Rally New Zealand\") |\n [ITA](/wiki/2005_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2005 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \nRet\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2005_Cyprus_Rally \"2005 Cyprus Rally\") |\n [TUR](/wiki/2005_Rally_of_Turkey \"2005 Rally of Turkey\") |\n [GRC](/wiki/2005_Acropolis_Rally \"2005 Acropolis Rally\") \n5\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2005_Rally_Argentina \"2005 Rally Argentina\") |\n |\n [GER](/wiki/2005_Rallye_Deutschland \"2005 Rallye Deutschland\") |\n [GBR](/wiki/2005_Rally_GB \"2005 Rally GB\") |\n |\n [FRA](/wiki/2005_Tour_de_Corse \"2005 Tour de Corse\") |\n [ESP](/wiki/2005_Rally_Catalunya \"2005 Rally Catalunya\") \n3\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2005_Rally_Australia \"2005 Rally Australia\") |\n 10th\n\n 14\n\n| [BP Ford WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") | [Ford Focus RS WRC 04](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | | | | | | | [FIN](/wiki/2005_Rally_Finland \"2005 Rally Finland\") \n5\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n| [Škoda Motorsport](/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Motorsport \"Škoda Motorsport\") | [Škoda Fabia WRC](/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Fabia_WRC \"Škoda Fabia WRC\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | [JPN](/wiki/2005_Rally_Japan \"2005 Rally Japan\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n |\n| [2006](/wiki/2006_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2006 World Rally Championship season\") | [BP Ford WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") | [Ford Focus RS WRC 06](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | [MON](/wiki/2006_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2006 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n7\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2006_Swedish_Rally \"2006 Swedish Rally\") \n12\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2006_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2006 Rally México\") \n14\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2006_Rally_Catalunya \"2006 Rally Catalunya\") \n9\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2006_Tour_de_Corse \"2006 Tour de Corse\") \n4\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2006_Rally_Argentina \"2006 Rally Argentina\") \nRet\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2006_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2006 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2006_Acropolis_Rally \"2006 Acropolis Rally\") \n3\n\n [GER](/wiki/2006_Rallye_Deutschland \"2006 Rallye Deutschland\") \n9\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2006_Rally_Finland \"2006 Rally Finland\") \n3\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2006_Rally_Japan \"2006 Rally Japan\") \n3\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2006_Cyprus_Rally \"2006 Cyprus Rally\") \n3\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2006_Rally_of_Turkey \"2006 Rally of Turkey\") \n2\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2006_Rally_Australia \"2006 Rally Australia\") \n1\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2006_Rally_New_Zealand \"2006 Rally New Zealand\") \n2\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2006_Rally_GB \"2006 Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n **3rd**\n\n **65**\n\n| [2007](/wiki/2007_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2007 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [BP Ford WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 06](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2007_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2007 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n5\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2007_Swedish_Rally \"2007 Swedish Rally\") \n3\n\n [NOR](/wiki/2007_Rally_Norway \"2007 Rally Norway\") \n1\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2007_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2007 Rally México\") \n3\n\n [POR](/wiki/2007_Rally_Portugal \"2007 Rally Portugal\") \n5\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2007_Rally_Argentina \"2007 Rally Argentina\") \n3\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2007_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2007 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2007_Acropolis_Rally \"2007 Acropolis Rally\") \n4\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **3rd**\n\n **99**\n\n| [Ford Focus RS WRC 07](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | | | | | | [FIN](/wiki/2007_Rally_Finland \"2007 Rally Finland\") \n2\n\n [GER](/wiki/2007_Rallye_Deutschland \"2007 Rallye Deutschland\") \n3\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2007_Rally_New_Zealand \"2007 Rally New Zealand\") \n3\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2007_Rally_Catalunya \"2007 Rally Catalunya\") \n4\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2007_Tour_de_Corse \"2007 Tour de Corse\") \n13\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2007_Rally_Japan \"2007 Rally Japan\") \n1\n\n [IRE](/wiki/2007_Rally_Ireland \"2007 Rally Ireland\") \n4\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2007_Rally_GB \"2007 Rally GB\") \n1\n\n| [2008](/wiki/2008_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2008 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [BP Ford Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 07](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [MON](/wiki/2008_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2008 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n2\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2008_Swedish_Rally \"2008 Swedish Rally\") \n2\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2008_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2008 Rally México\") \n4\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2008_Rally_Argentina \"2008 Rally Argentina\") \n5\n\n [JOR](/wiki/2008_Jordan_Rally \"2008 Jordan Rally\") \n1\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2008_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2008 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [GRC](/wiki/2008_Acropolis_Rally \"2008 Acropolis Rally\") \n3\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2008_Rally_of_Turkey \"2008 Rally of Turkey\") \n1\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2008_Rally_Finland \"2008 Rally Finland\") \n2\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **2nd**\n\n **103**\n\n| [Ford Focus RS WRC 08](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | | | | | | | [GER](/wiki/2008_Rallye_Deutschland \"2008 Rallye Deutschland\") \n4\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2008_Rally_New_Zealand \"2008 Rally New Zealand\") \n3\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2008_Rally_Catalunya \"2008 Rally Catalunya\") \n3\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2008_Tour_de_Corse \"2008 Tour de Corse\") \n2\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2008_Rally_Japan \"2008 Rally Japan\") \n1\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2008_Rally_GB \"2008 Rally GB\") \n8\n\n |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2009 World Rally Championship season\")\n\n [BP Ford Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\")\n\n [Ford Focus RS WRC 08](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") |\n [IRE](/wiki/2009_Rally_Ireland \"2009 Rally Ireland\") \n3\n\n [NOR](/wiki/2009_Rally_Norway \"2009 Rally Norway\") \n2\n\n [CYP](/wiki/2009_Cyprus_Rally \"2009 Cyprus Rally\") \n2\n\n [POR](/wiki/2009_Rally_Portugal \"2009 Rally Portugal\") \n2\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2009_Rally_Argentina \"2009 Rally Argentina\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n |\n **2nd**\n\n **92**\n\n| [Ford Focus RS WRC 09](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | | | | | | [ITA](/wiki/2009_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2009 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [GRE](/wiki/2009_Acropolis_Rally \"2009 Acropolis Rally\") \n1\n\n [POL](/wiki/2009_Rally_Poland \"2009 Rally Poland\") \n1\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2009_Rally_Finland \"2009 Rally Finland\") \n1\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2009_Rally_Australia \"2009 Rally Australia\") \n1\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2009_Rally_Catalunya \"2009 Rally Catalunya\") \n3\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2009_Rally_GB \"2009 Rally GB\") \n2\n\n |\n |\n |\n |\n| [2010](/wiki/2010_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2010 World Rally Championship season\") | [BP Ford Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") | [Ford Focus RS WRC 09](/wiki/Ford_Focus_RS_WRC \"Ford Focus RS WRC\") | [SWE](/wiki/2010_Rally_Sweden \"2010 Rally Sweden\") \n1\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2010_Rally_Mexico \"2010 Rally Mexico\") \n4\n\n [JOR](/wiki/2010_Jordan_Rally \"2010 Jordan Rally\") \n20\n\n [TUR](/wiki/2010_Rally_of_Turkey \"2010 Rally of Turkey\") \n3\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2010_Rally_New_Zealand \"2010 Rally New Zealand\") \n4\n\n [POR](/wiki/2010_Rally_de_Portugal \"2010 Rally de Portugal\") \n4\n\n [BUL](/wiki/2010_Rally_Bulgaria \"2010 Rally Bulgaria\") \n5\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2010_Rally_Finland \"2010 Rally Finland\") \nRet\n\n [GER](/wiki/2010_Rallye_Deutschland \"2010 Rallye Deutschland\") \nRet\n\n [JPN](/wiki/2010_Rally_Japan \"2010 Rally Japan\") \n6\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2010_Rallye_de_France \"2010 Rallye de France\") \n5\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2010_Rally_Catalunya \"2010 Rally Catalunya\") \n5\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2010_Rally_GB \"2010 Rally GB\") \n4\n\n |\n |\n |\n 6th |\n 126 |\n| [2011](/wiki/2011_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2011 World Rally Championship season\") | [Ford Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Ford_World_Rally_Team \"Ford World Rally Team\") | [Ford Fiesta RS WRC](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_RS_WRC \"Ford Fiesta RS WRC\") | [SWE](/wiki/2011_Rally_Sweden \"2011 Rally Sweden\") \n1\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2011_Rally_Mexico \"2011 Rally Mexico\") \n2\n\n [POR](/wiki/2011_Rally_de_Portugal \"2011 Rally de Portugal\") \n4\n\n [JOR](/wiki/2011_Jordan_Rally \"2011 Jordan Rally\") \n4\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2011_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2011 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \n2\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2011_Rally_Argentina \"2011 Rally Argentina\") \n2\n\n [GRE](/wiki/2011_Acropolis_Rally \"2011 Acropolis Rally\") \n3\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2011_Rally_Finland \"2011 Rally Finland\") \n4\n\n [GER](/wiki/2011_Rallye_Deutschland \"2011 Rallye Deutschland\") \n4\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2011_Rally_Australia \"2011 Rally Australia\") \n1\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2011_Rallye_de_France \"2011 Rallye de France\") \n3\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2011_Rally_Catalunya \"2011 Rally Catalunya\") \n2\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2011_Rally_GB \"2011 Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n |\n **2nd**\n\n **214**\n\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2012 World Rally Championship season\") | [Citroën Total WRT](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_World_Rally_Team \"Citroën World Rally Team\") | [Citroën DS3 WRC](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS3_WRC \"Citroën DS3 WRC\") | [MON](/wiki/2012_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2012 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n4\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2012_Rally_Sweden \"2012 Rally Sweden\") \n2\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2012_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2012 Rally México\") \n2\n\n [POR](/wiki/2012_Rally_de_Portugal \"2012 Rally de Portugal\") \nDSQ\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2012_Rally_Argentina \"2012 Rally Argentina\") \n2\n\n [GRE](/wiki/2012_Acropolis_Rally \"2012 Acropolis Rally\") \n2\n\n [NZL](/wiki/2012_Rally_New_Zealand \"2012 Rally New Zealand\") \n2\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2012_Rally_Finland \"2012 Rally Finland\") \n2\n\n [GER](/wiki/2012_Rallye_Deutschland \"2012 Rallye Deutschland\") \n3\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2012_Rally_GB \"2012 Rally GB\") \n5\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2012_Rallye_de_France-Alsace \"2012 Rallye de France-Alsace\") \n3\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2012_Rally_d%27Italia \"2012 Rally d'Italia\") \n1\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2012_Rally_de_Espa%C3%B1a \"2012 Rally de España\") \n3\n\n |\n |\n |\n **2nd**\n\n **213**\n\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2013 World Rally Championship season\") | [Citroën Total Abu Dhabi WRT](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_World_Rally_Team \"Citroën World Rally Team\") | [Citroën DS3 WRC](/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS3_WRC \"Citroën DS3 WRC\") | [MON](/wiki/2013_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2013 Monte Carlo Rally\") \n4\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2013_Rally_Sweden \"2013 Rally Sweden\") \n17\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2013_Rally_M%C3%A9xico \"2013 Rally México\") \n2\n\n [POR](/wiki/2013_Rally_de_Portugal \"2013 Rally de Portugal\") \n2\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2013_Rally_Argentina \"2013 Rally Argentina\") \n6\n\n [GRE](/wiki/2013_Acropolis_Rally \"2013 Acropolis Rally\") \n8\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2013_Rally_d%27Italia \"2013 Rally d'Italia\") \nRet\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2013_Rally_Finland \"2013 Rally Finland\") \n4\n\n [GER](/wiki/2013_Rallye_Deutschland \"2013 Rallye Deutschland\") \n3\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2013_Rally_Australia \"2013 Rally Australia\") \n3\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2013_Rallye_de_France-Alsace \"2013 Rallye de France-Alsace\") \n6\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2013_Rally_de_Espa%C3%B1a \"2013 Rally de España\") \n3\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2013_Wales_Rally_GB \"2013 Wales Rally GB\") \nRet\n\n |\n |\n |\n 4th |\n 126 |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_World_Rally_Championship_season \"2014 World Rally Championship season\") | [M\\-Sport WRT](/wiki/M-Sport_World_Rally_Team \"M-Sport World Rally Team\") | [Ford Fiesta RS WRC](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_RS_WRC \"Ford Fiesta RS WRC\") | [MON](/wiki/2014_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2014 Monte Carlo Rally\") \nRet\n\n [SWE](/wiki/2014_Rally_Sweden \"2014 Rally Sweden\") \n4\n\n [MEX](/wiki/2014_Rally_Mexico \"2014 Rally Mexico\") \n8\n\n [POR](/wiki/2014_Rally_de_Portugal \"2014 Rally de Portugal\") \n2\n\n [ARG](/wiki/2014_Rally_Argentina \"2014 Rally Argentina\") \n9\n\n [ITA](/wiki/2014_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2014 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") \nRet\n\n [POL](/wiki/2014_Rally_Poland \"2014 Rally Poland\") \n4\n\n [FIN](/wiki/2014_Rally_Finland \"2014 Rally Finland\") \n5\n\n [GER](/wiki/2014_Rallye_Deutschland \"2014 Rallye Deutschland\") \n5\n\n [AUS](/wiki/2014_Rally_Australia \"2014 Rally Australia\") \n5\n\n [FRA](/wiki/2014_Rallye_de_France-Alsace \"2014 Rallye de France-Alsace\") \n5\n\n [ESP](/wiki/2014_Rally_de_Espa%C3%B1a \"2014 Rally de España\") \n3\n\n [GBR](/wiki/2014_Wales_Rally_GB \"2014 Wales Rally GB\") \n2\n\n |\n |\n |\n 4th |\n 126 |\n\n",
"### IRC results\n\n| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Pos | Points |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2010](/wiki/2010_Intercontinental_Rally_Challenge \"2010 Intercontinental Rally Challenge\") | [M\\-Sport Ltd.](/wiki/M-Sport \"M-Sport\") | [Ford Fiesta S2000](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_S2000 \"Ford Fiesta S2000\") | [MON](/wiki/2010_Monte_Carlo_Rally \"2010 Monte Carlo Rally\")1 | [BRA](/wiki/2010_Rally_International_of_Curitiba \"2010 Rally International of Curitiba\") | [ARG](/wiki/2010_Rally_Argentina \"2010 Rally Argentina\") | [CAN](/wiki/2010_Rally_Islas_Canarias \"2010 Rally Islas Canarias\") | [ITA](/wiki/2010_Rally_d%27Italia_Sardegna \"2010 Rally d'Italia Sardegna\") | [BEL](/wiki/2010_Ypres_Rally \"2010 Ypres Rally\") | [AZO](/wiki/2010_Rally_Azores \"2010 Rally Azores\") | [MAD](/wiki/2010_Rali_Vinho_da_Madeira \"2010 Rali Vinho da Madeira\") | [CZE](/wiki/2010_Czech_Rally \"2010 Czech Rally\") | [ITA](/wiki/2010_Rallye_Sanremo \"2010 Rallye Sanremo\") | [SCO](/wiki/2010_Rally_Scotland \"2010 Rally Scotland\") | [CYP](/wiki/2010_Cyprus_Rally \"2010 Cyprus Rally\") | 11th | 10 |\n\n",
"### ERC results\n\n| Year | Entrant | Car | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Pos | Points |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2019](/wiki/2019_European_Rally_Championship \"2019 European Rally Championship\") | [MM Motorsport](/wiki/MM_Motorsport \"MM Motorsport\") | [Ford Fiesta R5](/wiki/Ford_Fiesta_R5 \"Ford Fiesta R5\") | [AZO](/wiki/Rallye_A%C3%A7ores \"Rallye Açores\") | [CAN](/wiki/Rally_Islas_Canarias \"Rally Islas Canarias\") | [LIE](/wiki/Rally_Liep%C4%81ja \"Rally Liepāja\") | [POL](/wiki/Rally_Poland \"Rally Poland\") | [RMC](/wiki/Rally_di_Roma_Capitale \"Rally di Roma Capitale\") | [CZE](/wiki/Barum_Rally_Zl%C3%ADn \"Barum Rally Zlín\") | [CYP](/wiki/Cyprus_Rally \"Cyprus Rally\") | [HUN](/wiki/Rally_Hungary \"Rally Hungary\") | 20th | 21 |\n\n",
"Dakar Rally results\n-------------------\n\n| Year | Class | Vehicle | Position | Stages won |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_Dakar_Rally \"2016 Dakar Rally\") |Cars\n\n [Mini](/wiki/Mini \"Mini\")\n\n4th\n\n1\n\n| [2017](/wiki/2017_Dakar_Rally \"2017 Dakar Rally\") |13th\n\n0\n\n| [2018](/wiki/2018_Dakar_Rally \"2018 Dakar Rally\") |19th\n\n0\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](http://www.mikkohirvonen.com/) \n* [BP Ford World Rally Team](https://web.archive.org/web/20061105183513/http://www.ford.co.uk/ie/wrc)\n* [M\\-Sport Ford WRC team website](http://www.m-sport.co.uk/)\n\n[Category:1980 births](/wiki/Category:1980_births \"1980 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Dakar Rally drivers](/wiki/Category:Dakar_Rally_drivers \"Dakar Rally drivers\")\n[Category:Finnish rally drivers](/wiki/Category:Finnish_rally_drivers \"Finnish rally drivers\")\n[Category:Intercontinental Rally Challenge drivers](/wiki/Category:Intercontinental_Rally_Challenge_drivers \"Intercontinental Rally Challenge drivers\")\n[Category:World Rally Championship drivers](/wiki/Category:World_Rally_Championship_drivers \"World Rally Championship drivers\")\n[Category:Citroën Racing drivers](/wiki/Category:Citro%C3%ABn_Racing_drivers \"Citroën Racing drivers\")\n[Category:M\\-Sport drivers](/wiki/Category:M-Sport_drivers \"M-Sport drivers\")\n[Category:Škoda Motorsport drivers](/wiki/Category:%C5%A0koda_Motorsport_drivers \"Škoda Motorsport drivers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
The Brampton Times
|
{
"id": [
34581532
],
"name": [
"DannyS712"
]
}
|
6ij4udtjf0mkk2w9hqvsi8jejgo1o2v
|
2020-07-23T16:59:36Z
| 959,855,557 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThe ***Brampton Times*** is a newspaper that was published in [Brampton, Ontario](/wiki/Brampton%2C_Ontario \"Brampton, Ontario\"), [Canada](/wiki/Canada \"Canada\") until the early 1990s, when *[The Brampton Guardian](/wiki/The_Brampton_Guardian \"The Brampton Guardian\")*’s free distribution eroded the *Times* subscription base.\n\n[Judi McLeod](/wiki/Judi_McLeod \"Judi McLeod\") worked for the Times as a city\\-hall reporter; her 1983 firing by the paper was controversial.Kashmeri, Zuhair. \"Had criticized Brampton politics Reporter moved from The Beat: The Globe and Mail. January 27, 1983, p. 3Kashmeri, Zuhair. *Reporter's reassignment investigated by Fleming*. *The Globe and Mail*, February 3, 1983\\. p. CL8 The [Ontario Federation of Labour](/wiki/Ontario_Federation_of_Labour \"Ontario Federation of Labour\") protested on McLeod's behalf against what they called political intervention.No Byline. \"Reporter fights to get beat back\" The Globe and Mail, February 10, 1983, p. 4\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Ontario](/wiki/Category:Defunct_newspapers_published_in_Ontario \"Defunct newspapers published in Ontario\")\n[Category:Mass media in Brampton](/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Brampton \"Mass media in Brampton\")\n[Category:Publications with year of establishment missing](/wiki/Category:Publications_with_year_of_establishment_missing \"Publications with year of establishment missing\")\n[Category:Publications with year of disestablishment missing](/wiki/Category:Publications_with_year_of_disestablishment_missing \"Publications with year of disestablishment missing\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Dan Druff
|
{
"id": [
6127189
],
"name": [
"Boleyn"
]
}
|
ae30wb008d7uxj5bd1ivyofnm0t80bj
|
2009-11-19T20:29:30Z
| 267,780,143 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Dan Druff",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"**Dan Druff** may refer to:\n\n* [Dan Druff (musician)](/wiki/Dan_Druff_%28musician%29 \"Dan Druff (musician)\"), born Daniel James Irving, rock musician\n* [Todd Witteles](/wiki/Todd_Witteles \"Todd Witteles\"), professional poker player known as Dan Druff\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Dandruff](/wiki/Dandruff \"Dandruff\"), excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp\n\n"
]
}
|
Edwin C. Burleigh
|
{
"id": [
47220284
],
"name": [
"Quaiew's Tech"
]
}
|
frqrx33i3xkeuswbmczywdd38zcwco9
|
2024-01-16T18:24:17Z
| 1,163,221,206 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Life and career",
"See also",
"References",
"Sources and external links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Edwin Chick Burleigh** (November 27, 1843June 16, 1916\\) was an American politician who served as the 42nd [Governor of Maine](/wiki/Governor_of_Maine \"Governor of Maine\") from 1889 to 1893\\. A member of the [Republican Party](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\"), he went on to hold federal office, first in the [United States House of Representatives](/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives \"United States House of Representatives\") for [Maine's 3rd congressional district](/wiki/Maine%27s_3rd_congressional_district \"Maine's 3rd congressional district\") (1897–1911\\) and later in the [United States Senate](/wiki/United_States_Senate \"United States Senate\") (1913–1916\\).\n\n",
"Life and career\n---------------\n\nBurleigh was born on November 27, 1843, in [Linneus, Maine](/wiki/Linneus%2C_Maine \"Linneus, Maine\"), the son of Caroline Peabody (Chick) and Parker Prescott Burleigh. He attended the common schools and [Houlton Academy](/wiki/Houlton_Academy \"Houlton Academy\") before becoming a teacher himself. He also worked as a surveyor and farmer before entering government. He served first as a clerk in the state [adjutant general](/wiki/Adjutant_general \"Adjutant general\")'s office and then was clerk in the state land office at [Bangor, Maine](/wiki/Bangor%2C_Maine \"Bangor, Maine\") from 1870 to 1876\\. He moved to [Augusta, Maine](/wiki/Augusta%2C_Maine \"Augusta, Maine\") and became the state land agent from 1876 to 1878 and an assistant clerk in the [Maine House of Representatives](/wiki/Maine_House_of_Representatives \"Maine House of Representatives\") until 1878\\. He then served four years (1880–1884\\) in the office of the Maine State Treasurer before becoming Maine State Treasurer himself in 1884 and serving for four years. During this time he also became principal owner of the *Kennebec Journal* newspaper. His great grandson is currently a writer for the paper.\n\nIn 1889, he was elected the [42nd](/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Maine \"List of governors of Maine\") [Governor of Maine](/wiki/Governor_of_Maine \"Governor of Maine\"), a position he held for three years subsequent. He was elected to the [United States House of Representatives](/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives \"United States House of Representatives\") in 1897 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of [Seth L. Milliken](/wiki/Seth_L._Milliken \"Seth L. Milliken\") and served in that body for 14 years. Unsuccessful in his campaign for reelection in 1910 he returned to business for three years until he was elected to the [United States Senate](/wiki/United_States_Senate \"United States Senate\") in 1912\\. He served until his death three years later in Augusta, Maine in 1916\\.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–1949\\)](/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_%281900%E2%80%931949%29 \"List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–1949)\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Sources and external links\n--------------------------\n\n* [The Burleigh family of Linneus](http://www.upperstjohn.com/people/burleigh.htm)\n* [Bio of Edwin C. Burleigh, as found in *Representative Men of Maine* (1893\\)](https://archive.today/20130201022852/http://history.rays-place.com/bios/maine/burleigh-edwin.htm)\n* [Edwin C. Burleigh, late a senator from Maine, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1917](http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t13n27q4j;view=1up;seq=7)\n\n[Category:1843 births](/wiki/Category:1843_births \"1843 births\")\n[Category:1916 deaths](/wiki/Category:1916_deaths \"1916 deaths\")\n[Category:Republican Party governors of Maine](/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_governors_of_Maine \"Republican Party governors of Maine\")\n[Category:People from Linneus, Maine](/wiki/Category:People_from_Linneus%2C_Maine \"People from Linneus, Maine\")\n[Category:Republican Party United States senators from Maine](/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_United_States_senators_from_Maine \"Republican Party United States senators from Maine\")\n[Category:State treasurers of Maine](/wiki/Category:State_treasurers_of_Maine \"State treasurers of Maine\")\n[Category:Ricker College alumni](/wiki/Category:Ricker_College_alumni \"Ricker College alumni\")\n[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maine](/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Maine \"Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maine\")\n[Category:19th\\-century American politicians](/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_politicians \"19th-century American politicians\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Tring Rural
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"213.78.161.149"
]
}
|
stmpyh7h3ol4kig8gvy1e917hhak4cw
|
2024-02-14T22:21:31Z
| 1,084,021,401 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Tring Rural** is a [civil parish](/wiki/Civil_parish \"Civil parish\") in [Hertfordshire](/wiki/Hertfordshire \"Hertfordshire\"), [England](/wiki/England \"England\"). It includes the villages of [Long Marston](/wiki/Long_Marston%2C_Hertfordshire \"Long Marston, Hertfordshire\"), [Wilstone](/wiki/Wilstone \"Wilstone\"), [Puttenham](/wiki/Puttenham%2C_Hertfordshire \"Puttenham, Hertfordshire\"), and the hamlets of Gubblecote and Astrope. It is largely situated to the northwest of the town of [Tring](/wiki/Tring \"Tring\"). The town of Tring itself is not part of the parish.\n\nThe ancient parish of Tring covered an extensive rural area as well as the town itself. The Tring [Local Government District](/wiki/Local_Board_of_Health \"Local Board of Health\") was created in 1859 covering the built\\-up area of the town, but the local government district did not cover the whole parish of Tring. Under the [Local Government Act 1894](/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1894 \"Local Government Act 1894\"), local government districts became [urban districts](/wiki/Urban_district_%28Great_Britain_and_Ireland%29 \"Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)\"), and parishes which were part inside and part outside an urban district, such as Tring, had to be split into separate parishes. The parts of the old parish of Tring outside the urban district therefore became the parish of Tring Rural. \n\nThe first [parish meeting](/wiki/Parish_meeting \"Parish meeting\") for Tring Rural was held on 4 December 1894 at Long Marston, when nominations for the new parish council were made. An election followed on 17 December 1894, and the parish council came into office on 31 December 1894\\. The council held its first meeting on 2 January 1895 at Long Marston.\n\nThe parish was enlarged on 1 April 1964, when the neighbouring Puttenham Civil Parish was abolished and its area absorbed into Tring Rural.\n\nTring Rural Parish Council holds its meetings alternately at Wilstone Village Hall, Victory Hall in Long Marston, and Cecilia Hall in Puttenham.\n\nAt the 2011 Census the population of the [civil parish](/wiki/Civil_parish \"Civil parish\") was 1,390\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Civil parishes in Hertfordshire](/wiki/Category:Civil_parishes_in_Hertfordshire \"Civil parishes in Hertfordshire\")\n[Category:Tring](/wiki/Category:Tring \"Tring\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Senate House Libraries
|
{
"id": [
40478368
],
"name": [
"MaybeItsBecauseImALondoner"
]
}
|
dti2axk97muq1yvkjr7rcuuhv3yye1c
|
2022-06-11T23:34:55Z
| 1,085,677,552 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|alt\\=Senate House of the University of London.\\|right\\|[Senate House](/wiki/Senate_House_%28University_of_London%29 \"Senate House (University of London)\"), the headquarters of the Senate House Libraries](/wiki/File:Senate_House%2C_University_of_London.jpg \"Senate House, University of London.jpg\")\nThe **Senate House Libraries** (**SHL**), formerly **The University of London Research Library Services**, was a group of [libraries](/wiki/Library \"Library\") based in [Bloomsbury](/wiki/Bloomsbury \"Bloomsbury\") which together comprised an extensive research collection across the [humanities](/wiki/Humanities \"Humanities\") and [social sciences](/wiki/Social_sciences \"Social sciences\"). It existed under this name from 2011 to 2013\\.\n\nSHL was a division of the [University of London](/wiki/University_of_London \"University of London\"), headquartered at [Senate House](/wiki/Senate_House_%28University_of_London%29 \"Senate House (University of London)\") on [Russell Square](/wiki/Russell_Square \"Russell Square\"), and was formed by bringing together the former University of London Library (now Senate House Library) and the libraries of the various institutes comprising the [School of Advanced Study](/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Study \"School of Advanced Study\"). The previous umbrella name, University of London Research Library Services (ULRLS) was replaced by Senate House Libraries on 1 April 2011 in a rebranding exercise.\n\nThe following eight libraries were part of SHL:\n\n* [Institute for the Study of the Americas](/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_the_Americas \"Institute for the Study of the Americas\") library\n* [Institute of Advanced Legal Studies](/wiki/Institute_of_Advanced_Legal_Studies \"Institute of Advanced Legal Studies\") library\n* [Institute of Classical Studies](/wiki/Institute_of_Classical_Studies \"Institute of Classical Studies\") library\n* [Institute of Commonwealth Studies](/wiki/Institute_of_Commonwealth_Studies \"Institute of Commonwealth Studies\") library[http://www2\\.sas.ac.uk/commonwealthstudies/library.htm](http://www2.sas.ac.uk/commonwealthstudies/library.htm) \n* [Institute of Germanic and Romance Studies](/wiki/Institute_of_Germanic_and_Romance_Studies \"Institute of Germanic and Romance Studies\") library\n* [Institute of Historical Research](/wiki/Institute_of_Historical_Research \"Institute of Historical Research\") library\n* [Senate House Library](/wiki/Senate_House_Library \"Senate House Library\")\n* [Warburg Institute](/wiki/Warburg_Institute \"Warburg Institute\") library\n\nThe combined holdings of the libraries amount to almost 3 million volumes, including many thousands of journals, and numerous deep and rich collections of research materials in subjects across the disciplines.\n\nThe Senate House Libraries group was dismantled in 2013; in 2014 Senate House Library joined the [School of Advanced Study](/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Study \"School of Advanced Study\"). There are now four independent libraries in the School of Advanced Study: Senate House Library and the libraries of the [Institute of Advanced Legal Studies](/wiki/Institute_of_Advanced_Legal_Studies \"Institute of Advanced Legal Studies\"), the [Institute of Classical Studies](/wiki/Institute_of_Classical_Studies \"Institute of Classical Studies\"), the [Institute of Historical Research](/wiki/Institute_of_Historical_Research \"Institute of Historical Research\") and the [Warburg Institute](/wiki/Warburg_Institute \"Warburg Institute\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [University of London \\- Senate House Libraries](http://www.ulrls.lon.ac.uk/)\n* [Senate House Library](http://www.shl.lon.ac.uk/)\n\n[Category:Libraries in the London Borough of Camden](/wiki/Category:Libraries_in_the_London_Borough_of_Camden \"Libraries in the London Borough of Camden\")\n[Category:University of London](/wiki/Category:University_of_London \"University of London\")\n[Category:Academic libraries in London](/wiki/Category:Academic_libraries_in_London \"Academic libraries in London\")\n[Category:Research libraries in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Research_libraries_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Research libraries in the United Kingdom\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Mining simulator
|
{
"id": [
43419868
],
"name": [
"Johnson524"
]
}
|
fygyr5ztx4tc4p16pvw2gllaytlj3sn
|
2024-01-20T14:58:10Z
| 1,197,378,344 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Training",
"Criticism",
"Varieties",
"Entertainment",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|A coal mine training simulator (developed by [Peabody Energy](/wiki/Peabody_Energy \"Peabody Energy\"))](/wiki/File:Coal_Mine_Training_Simulator.png \"Coal Mine Training Simulator.png\")\n\nA **mining simulator** is a type of [simulation](/wiki/Simulation \"Simulation\") used for entertainment as well as in training purposes for mining companies. These simulators replicate elements of real\\-world [mining](/wiki/Mining \"Mining\") operations on surrounding screens displaying [three\\-dimensional imagery](/wiki/3D_computer_graphics \"3D computer graphics\"), [motion platforms](/wiki/Motion_platform \"Motion platform\"), and scale models of typical and atypical mining environments and machinery. The results of the simulations can provide useful information in the form of greater competence in on\\-site safety, which can lead to greater efficiency and decreased risk of accidents.\n\n",
"Training\n--------\n\nMining simulators are used to replicate real\\-world conditions of mining, assessing real\\-time responses from the trainee operator to react to what tasks or obstacles appear around them. This is often achieved through the use of surrounding [three\\-dimensional imagery](/wiki/3D_computer_graphics \"3D computer graphics\"), [motion platforms](/wiki/Motion_platform \"Motion platform\"), and realistic replicas of actual mining equipment. Trainee operator employees are often taught in a program where they are scored against both their peers and an expert benchmark to produce a final evaluation of competence with the tasks they may need to complete in real\\-life.\n\n### Criticism\n\nMining companies that have implemented mining simulators into their training have shown greater employee competence in on\\-site safety, leading to an overall more productive working environment, and a higher chance of profitability for the company in the long\\-run by decreasing the risk of accidents, injuries, or deaths on the site though prior education. Being able to simulate real\\-world mining hazards in a safe and controlled environment has also shown to help prepare employees on proper procedure and protocol in the event of an on\\-site accident without the need to physically experience one, which often cannot be safely taught in the real\\-world. Simulating mining environments further helps to familiarize employees with mining equipment and vehicles before entering a real job site, leading to increased productivity, and a chance to correct inefficiencies while still in training.\n\n### Varieties\n\nMining simulator setups can range in size and features, which relates to the price and fidelity of the product. A simple simulator setup may only need to be installed on one [Personal Computer](/wiki/Personal_Computer \"Personal Computer\") or a [virtual reality](/wiki/Virtual_reality \"Virtual reality\") headset, but most often consist of three to six monitors and a motion platform. Any higher cost setups often are housed inside high\\-cube containers which may contain inside lighting, air conditioning, heating, and other amenities and add\\-ons which may not directly affect the effectiveness of the simulation training. Some mining simulators can also be mobile and move locations, which can be particularly helpful for use of the same simulator between multiple schools or colleges for [apprentice](/wiki/Apprentice \"Apprentice\") programs.\n\n",
"### Criticism\n\nMining companies that have implemented mining simulators into their training have shown greater employee competence in on\\-site safety, leading to an overall more productive working environment, and a higher chance of profitability for the company in the long\\-run by decreasing the risk of accidents, injuries, or deaths on the site though prior education. Being able to simulate real\\-world mining hazards in a safe and controlled environment has also shown to help prepare employees on proper procedure and protocol in the event of an on\\-site accident without the need to physically experience one, which often cannot be safely taught in the real\\-world. Simulating mining environments further helps to familiarize employees with mining equipment and vehicles before entering a real job site, leading to increased productivity, and a chance to correct inefficiencies while still in training.\n\n",
"### Varieties\n\nMining simulator setups can range in size and features, which relates to the price and fidelity of the product. A simple simulator setup may only need to be installed on one [Personal Computer](/wiki/Personal_Computer \"Personal Computer\") or a [virtual reality](/wiki/Virtual_reality \"Virtual reality\") headset, but most often consist of three to six monitors and a motion platform. Any higher cost setups often are housed inside high\\-cube containers which may contain inside lighting, air conditioning, heating, and other amenities and add\\-ons which may not directly affect the effectiveness of the simulation training. Some mining simulators can also be mobile and move locations, which can be particularly helpful for use of the same simulator between multiple schools or colleges for [apprentice](/wiki/Apprentice \"Apprentice\") programs.\n\n",
"Entertainment\n-------------\n\nAside from practical training purposes, mining simulators have in more recent times also been created for entertainment as well as gaming purposes. The appeal of the genre of games comes from the ability for them to be played on other than specialized equipment, including more widely available Personal Computers, [PlayStation](/wiki/PlayStation \"PlayStation\"), and [Xbox](/wiki/Xbox \"Xbox\") consoles. The genre of game also gained popularity from the broader amount of resources that could be added and mined in\\-game, often substituting more realistically found resources for precious minerals such as gold or diamonds, but coal mining games do exist. Non\\-rock or mineral mining simulation games have also emerged, with [cryptocurrency](/wiki/Cryptocurrency \"Cryptocurrency\") mining simulations becoming a popular subgenre, allowing players to simulate mining for coins such as [Bitcoin](/wiki/Bitcoin \"Bitcoin\"), [Ethereum](/wiki/Ethereum \"Ethereum\"), and [Dogecoin](/wiki/Dogecoin \"Dogecoin\").\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Flight simulation](/wiki/Flight_simulation \"Flight simulation\")\n* [Driving simulation](/wiki/Driving_simulation \"Driving simulation\")\n* [Train simulation](/wiki/Train_simulation \"Train simulation\")\n* [Submarine simulation](/wiki/Submarine_simulation \"Submarine simulation\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:3D graphics software](/wiki/Category:3D_graphics_software \"3D graphics software\")\n[Category:Mining equipment](/wiki/Category:Mining_equipment \"Mining equipment\")\n[Category:Real\\-time simulation](/wiki/Category:Real-time_simulation \"Real-time simulation\")\n[Category:Virtual reality](/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality \"Virtual reality\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Pragmatism (disambiguation)
|
{
"id": [
1152308
],
"name": [
"ShelfSkewed"
]
}
|
0vgvrbxbl5wq0lc8ee0cw2fckcww4ra
|
2024-02-20T15:27:49Z
| 1,119,125,805 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**[Pragmatism](/wiki/Pragmatism \"Pragmatism\")** is a philosophical movement.\n\n**Pragmatism** or **pragmatic** may also refer to:\n\n* [Pragmaticism](/wiki/Pragmaticism \"Pragmaticism\"), Charles Sanders Peirce's post\\-1905 branch of philosophy\n* [Pragmatics](/wiki/Pragmatics \"Pragmatics\"), a subfield of linguistics and semiotics\n* [*Pragmatics* (journal)](/wiki/Pragmatics_%28journal%29 \"Pragmatics (journal)\"), an academic journal in the field of pragmatics\n* [Pragmatic ethics](/wiki/Pragmatic_ethics \"Pragmatic ethics\"), a theory of normative philosophical ethics\n* *[Realpolitik](/wiki/Realpolitik \"Realpolitik\")*, politics or diplomacy based primarily on practical considerations rather than ideological notions, simply referred to as \"pragmatism\" in politics\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Centrism](/wiki/Centrism \"Centrism\"), a political outlook opposing significant shift to the left or the right\n"
]
}
|
Reject All American
|
{
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
}
|
kxcsaz9m0d6tjc5gw033d0zskla5j23
|
2024-07-12T00:09:40Z
| 1,167,248,908 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Recording and release",
"Critical reception",
"Track listing",
"Personnel",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n***Reject All American*** is the second [studio album](/wiki/Studio_album \"Studio album\") by the [American](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") [punk rock](/wiki/Punk_rock \"Punk rock\") band [Bikini Kill](/wiki/Bikini_Kill \"Bikini Kill\"), released in 1996 by [Kill Rock Stars](/wiki/Kill_Rock_Stars \"Kill Rock Stars\").\n\n",
"Recording and release\n---------------------\n\n*Reject All American* was recorded in November 1995 and produced by [John Goodmanson](/wiki/John_Goodmanson \"John Goodmanson\"). The album was released on April 5, 1996, by the [independent record label](/wiki/Independent_record_label \"Independent record label\") [Kill Rock Stars](/wiki/Kill_Rock_Stars \"Kill Rock Stars\").\n\n",
"Critical reception\n------------------\n\n*Reject All American* received generally favorable reviews from music critics. [David Browne](/wiki/David_Browne_%28journalist%29 \"David Browne (journalist)\") of *[Entertainment Weekly](/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly \"Entertainment Weekly\")* opined that the album is \"28 wonderfully concentrated minutes of unrelenting punk, with mid\\-tempo stops that pay homage to [Kurt Cobain](/wiki/Kurt_Cobain \"Kurt Cobain\") and Tony Randall. [The Go\\-Go's](/wiki/The_Go-Go%27s \"The Go-Go's\") as [riot grrrls](/wiki/Riot_grrrl \"Riot grrrl\").\" [Robert Christgau](/wiki/Robert_Christgau \"Robert Christgau\") praised [Kathleen Hanna](/wiki/Kathleen_Hanna \"Kathleen Hanna\")'s vocals and [Billy Karren](/wiki/Billy_Karren \"Billy Karren\")'s guitar playing, stating that they add definition and confidence.\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\n",
"Personnel\n---------\n\n* [Kathleen Hanna](/wiki/Kathleen_Hanna \"Kathleen Hanna\") – [vocals](/wiki/Singing \"Singing\"), [bass](/wiki/Bass_guitar \"Bass guitar\") on 4, 5 \\& 9\n* [Tobi Vail](/wiki/Tobi_Vail \"Tobi Vail\") – [drums](/wiki/Drum_kit \"Drum kit\"), [vocals](/wiki/Singing \"Singing\") on 4, 5 \\& 9\n* [Kathi Wilcox](/wiki/Kathi_Wilcox \"Kathi Wilcox\") – [bass](/wiki/Bass_guitar \"Bass guitar\"), [vocals](/wiki/Singing \"Singing\") on 5, [drums](/wiki/Drum_kit \"Drum kit\") on 4, 5 \\& 9\n* [Billy Karren](/wiki/Billy_Karren \"Billy Karren\") – [guitar](/wiki/Electric_guitar \"Electric guitar\"), trumpet on 9\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1996 albums](/wiki/Category:1996_albums \"1996 albums\")\n[Category:Bikini Kill albums](/wiki/Category:Bikini_Kill_albums \"Bikini Kill albums\")\n[Category:Kill Rock Stars albums](/wiki/Category:Kill_Rock_Stars_albums \"Kill Rock Stars albums\")\n[Category:Albums produced by John Goodmanson](/wiki/Category:Albums_produced_by_John_Goodmanson \"Albums produced by John Goodmanson\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
DeSoto Powermaster
|
{
"id": [
46426442
],
"name": [
"MoCars"
]
}
|
6j3ryjrfgkeg2wmk0i5yfezwyeku0r9
|
2024-10-06T04:30:20Z
| 1,226,482,035 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThe **DeSoto Powermaster** was an automobile built by [DeSoto](/wiki/DeSoto_%28automobile%29 \"DeSoto (automobile)\") during model years 1952 to 1954\\. The car debuted during DeSoto's 25th anniversary, taking the place of the entry\\-level [DeSoto Deluxe](/wiki/DeSoto_Deluxe \"DeSoto Deluxe\").\n\nThe Powermaster was a full\\-size car, offered in pillared two and four\\-door sedan and station wagon models, and powered by Chrysler's [DeSoto I6](/wiki/Chrysler_flathead_engine%23Straight-6 \"Chrysler flathead engine#Straight-6\") engine. For both of its years in production, the Powermaster was available as an eight\\-passenger sedan through the use of jump seats, called the [DeSoto Suburban](/wiki/DeSoto_Suburban \"DeSoto Suburban\"). The Powermaster was also built on a longer wheelbase () than regular six\\-passenger DeSotos (). A version of the long wheelbase model was used as a basis for the DeSoto [Taxi](/wiki/Taxicab \"Taxicab\"), seen in many [Hollywood](/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States \"Cinema of the United States\") movies from the late 1930s through the mid\\-1950s.\n\nThe cars also featured a curved windshield, replacing the two piece windshield used on previous models. Passenger compartment heater, electric clock, power brakes, power steering and white sidewall tires were all available as options.\n\nPowermasters built early in the 1953 model year had minimal chrome trim due to [Korean War](/wiki/Korean_War \"Korean War\") demands; more trim was added as defense demands decreased.\n\nChrysler of Canada built the DeSoto Powermaster in both 4\\-door sedan and 2\\-door hardtop body styles, the latter not offered in the United States. The Canadian DeSoto Powermaster also used Chrysler's flathead I6, an engine that first appeared in the 1952 [Chrysler Windsor](/wiki/Chrysler_Windsor \"Chrysler Windsor\").\n\nThe Powermaster was dropped at the beginning of the 1955 model year, when DeSoto transitioned all of its automotive models to [DeSoto Firedome V8](/wiki/Chrysler_Hemi_engine%23DeSoto \"Chrysler Hemi engine#DeSoto\") engines.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Powermaster](/wiki/Category:DeSoto_vehicles \"DeSoto vehicles\")\n[Category:Rear\\-wheel\\-drive vehicles](/wiki/Category:Rear-wheel-drive_vehicles \"Rear-wheel-drive vehicles\")\n[Category:Full\\-size vehicles](/wiki/Category:Full-size_vehicles \"Full-size vehicles\")\n[Category:Coupés](/wiki/Category:Coup%C3%A9s \"Coupés\")\n[Category:Sedans](/wiki/Category:Sedans \"Sedans\")\n[Category:Cars introduced in 1952](/wiki/Category:Cars_introduced_in_1952 \"Cars introduced in 1952\")\n\n \n\n[Category:1950s cars](/wiki/Category:1950s_cars \"1950s cars\")\n[Category:Cars discontinued in 1954](/wiki/Category:Cars_discontinued_in_1954 \"Cars discontinued in 1954\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Grand Central Stockport
|
{
"id": [
27015025
],
"name": [
"InternetArchiveBot"
]
}
|
bme29c1sanslnqirwgx7emkc6xprjd1
|
2024-06-17T07:07:01Z
| 1,205,051,564 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Facilities",
"Redevelopment",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Grand Central Stockport** is a retail, entertainment and leisure complex in [Stockport](/wiki/Stockport \"Stockport\"), [Greater Manchester](/wiki/Greater_Manchester \"Greater Manchester\"), England. It is adjacent to [Stockport railway station](/wiki/Stockport_railway_station \"Stockport railway station\") and the complex first opened in 1991\\. Since then it has included various leisure facilities such as a multiplex cinema, a swimming pool, a [Cineworld](/wiki/Cineworld \"Cineworld\") Cinema a bowling alley, a gym, a [Quasar](/wiki/Q-Zar \"Q-Zar\") complex, and various food outlets. As of 2013, the area is being redeveloped and only half of the development is still open, including the pool, along with some other businesses. The remainder of the complex (including the bowling alley) nightclub and cinema has been demolished in preparation for a new [multi\\-storey car park](/wiki/Multi-storey_car_park \"Multi-storey car park\") and office complex.\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|The entrance to Grand Central from Wellington Road South](/wiki/File:Stockport_xmas_grand_central.jpg \"Stockport xmas grand central.jpg\")\n\nGrand Central Stockport was owned by [Norwich](/wiki/Norwich \"Norwich\")\\-based private property company [Targetfollow](/wiki/Targetfollow \"Targetfollow\"), who acquired the complex for £10\\.8 million in 2004\\. In January 2011, after lack of progress on the development scheme, [Stockport Council](/wiki/Stockport_Council \"Stockport Council\") purchased the complex.\n In December 2011, Stockport Council announced that Muse Developments, the urban regeneration division of construction group [Morgan Sindall](/wiki/Morgan_Sindall \"Morgan Sindall\"), had been selected as the preferred developer with a report to be presented to the council the following week. The revamped regeneration plans include an office quarter for the town centre, a hotel, public space outside the railway station. In addition, the redevelopment would also include a multi\\-storey car park and to make the site into a more attractive gateway into the town centre. The new redevelopment plans are valued at approximately £145 million.\n\n",
"Facilities\n----------\n\nThe Grand Central's pools have the only [50m swimming pool](/wiki/Olympic-size_swimming_pool \"Olympic-size swimming pool\") in Stockport, and are operated by Life Leisure (trading name of Stockport Sports Trust) on behalf of Stockport Council. Life Leisure took over the running of the pool from Serco Leisure in October 2011\\. In 2008 the pool was named as a British Swimming Intensive Training Centre, one of only five across the United Kingdom. In addition, the Stockport Metro Swimming Club are based at the pool. Former facilities include a *Heaven and Hell* nightclub, which closed in 2006 after the chain went into administration and the premises were reclaimed by Targetfollow.\n\nThe centre contains three separate car parks, all containing different tariffs. Some are in place to provide extra parking for rail users, with all day and longer stay tariffs, however the majority of space is for those using the complex.\n\n",
"Redevelopment\n-------------\n\nIt was announced in February 2007 that the complex was to be redeveloped by then owners Targetfollow, at an estimated cost of £100 million. The development was to have been completed by 2010\\. The proposals were designed as a part of Stockport Council's 'Future Stockport' masterplan. The redevelopment plans have been put on hold following the financial crisis, as of 2010 development has not commenced. The redevelopment plans include construction of a multi\\-storey car park, adding of a more significant retail element to the complex and a [Travelodge](/wiki/Travelodge_UK \"Travelodge UK\") hotel. In total the redevelopment will add to the scheme and nearly triple the car parking spaces to 1,500\\. It will also include 200 residential apartments and improved public spaces. The planning application was submitted in July 2007\\.The planning application was successful and outline planning permission for the entire scheme was granted.\n\nIn July 2010, the then owners of the complex, Targetfollow, narrowly avoided going into administration, after loans exceeding £200 million provided by [Lloyds Banking Group](/wiki/Lloyds_Banking_Group \"Lloyds Banking Group\"), expired. In total, the company's debt in July 2010 was estimated at around £700 million.\n\nIn January 2011, Stockport Council purchased the complex, citing lack of progress on the redevelopment scheme. In December 2011, Muse Developments were selected as the preferred developers for a revamped £145 million scheme containing an office quarter, hotel, larger car park and more public space, and with the exception of the swimming pool and cinema, demolition of the other buildings, including where the nightclubs formerly stood, took place in the spring of 2012 as part of the future plans for the complex. The new multi storey car park opened in February 2014\\.\n\n, the three detailed phases of the council's redevelopment plan are scheduled for completion in 2014, 2015, and 2020\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council](http://www.stockport.gov.uk)\n* [Life Leisure Grand Central Pools](http://www.lifeleisure.net/enterprise/GrandCentralPools)\n\n[Grand Central Leisure Park](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Stockport \"Buildings and structures in Stockport\")\n[Category:Sports venues in Greater Manchester](/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_in_Greater_Manchester \"Sports venues in Greater Manchester\")\n[Category:Sport in Stockport](/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Stockport \"Sport in Stockport\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Mayuko Iwasa
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"37.100.47.114"
]
}
|
9dz6t04dou52x5p5m80iwkp87lyz0dq
|
2024-03-21T13:39:31Z
| 1,186,682,600 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"Filmography",
"Films",
"TV Movies",
"Television dramas",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + \n\t is a former Japanese [entertainer](/wiki/Entertainer \"Entertainer\"), model, and actress. She is formerly represented by [Platinum Production](/wiki/Platinum_Production \"Platinum Production\"). Among numerous other television and film appearances, she played the lead role in the film adaptation of [Kaoruko Himeno](/wiki/Kaoruko_Himeno \"Kaoruko Himeno\")'s novel **.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nIwasa was *Miss Magazine 2003*. She was awarded the *Graph Prize, the 42nd Golden Arrow Awards (2004\\)* in March 2005\\.\n\nIn June 2005, Iwasa recorded a duet with [Naoya Ogawa](/wiki/Naoya_Ogawa \"Naoya Ogawa\") called \"Katte ni Shinryakusha\" (An Invader in My Own Way), which was used as an ending song of *[Sgt. Frog](/wiki/Sgt._Frog \"Sgt. Frog\")*. The two appeared on [Music Station](/wiki/Music_Station \"Music Station\") and Pop Jam. Iwasa was in the drama *[Gal Circle](/wiki/Gal_Circle \"Gal Circle\")* as Rika, a *[ganguro](/wiki/Ganguro \"Ganguro\")* girl who scams her friends for money. In 2013 she played the lead role in **, the film adaptation of [Kaoruko Himeno](/wiki/Kaoruko_Himeno \"Kaoruko Himeno\")'s novel about a woman who grows a talking face near her genitals after asking God for help.\n\nOn October 1, 2020, she announced her decision to retire from the entertainment industry and take a new career of nursing care.\n\n",
"Filmography\n-----------\n\n### Films\n\n* *Sayonara Midori\\-chan* (2004\\)\n* *Space Police* (2004\\)\n* *Shibuya Kaidan: Sa\\-chan no Toshi Densetsu* (2004\\)\n* *Chicken Deka* (2004\\)\n* *Umeku Haisuikan* (2004\\)\n* *Omoi no Iro* (2004\\)\n* Swing Girls (2004\\) \\- Chie\n* Einstein Girl (2005\\)\n* Space Police (2005\\)\n* Sugar and Spice: Fumi zekka \\| Shuga \\& Supaisu Fumi Zekka (2006\\) \\- Yoko\n* Carved 2 \\| Kuchisake\\-onna 2 (2008\\) \\- Yukie Sawada\n* Kujira: Gokudo no Shokutaku (2009\\)\n* Beautiful Female Panther: Body Sniper \\| Utsukushiki mehyo: Body sniper (2010\\)\n* *Tensou Sentai Goseiger Returns! The Last Epic* (2011\\)\n* *[Koitani Bashi: La Vallee de l'amour](/wiki/Koitanibashi \"Koitanibashi\")* (2011\\)\n* *MILOCRORZE \\- A Love Story* (2012\\) \\- Yukine\n* *Actress* (2012\\) \\- Akari Hazuki\n* *Shinobido* (2012\\)\n* ** (2013\\) \\- Francesco\n* *009\\-1: The End of the Beginning* (2013\\)\n* ** (2013\\) \\- Mayuko Iwasa\n* *[Her Granddaughter](/wiki/Otoko_no_Issh%C5%8D \"Otoko no Isshō\")* (2015\\)\n\n### TV Movies\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Network |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2006 | Detective Conan: Kudo Shinichi's Written Challenge | Sonoko Suzuki | YTV |\n| Sengoku Jieitai | Osen | NTV |\n| 2007 | Detective Conan: Kudo Shinichi Returns! Showdown with the Black Organization | Sonoko Suzuki | NTV |\n| 2008 | [Hanazakari no Kimitachi e SP](/wiki/Hanazakari_no_Kimitachi_e \"Hanazakari no Kimitachi e\") | Hibari Hanayashiki | Fuji TV |\n| Freshman Director | | TBS |\n|\n\n### Television dramas\n\n| Year | Title | Role |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 2004 | Supēsu Porisu | |\n| 2005 | *Sayonara Midori\\-chan*[Sayonara Midori\\-chan at IMDB.com](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0491136/) | |\n| *Einstein Girl* | Einstein Girl |\n| *[Ganbatte Ikimasshoi](/wiki/Ganbatte_Ikimasshoi_%28TV_series%29 \"Ganbatte Ikimasshoi (TV series)\")* (TV series) | Taeko \"Dakko\" Kikuchi (unknown episodes) |\n| *Seishun no mon: Chikuhō hen* (mini TV series) | Female Student of Tagawa Chugaku |\n| 2006 | *[Detective Conan](/wiki/Detective_Conan \"Detective Conan\")* | Sonoko Suzuki |\n| *[Sugar \\& Spice](/wiki/Sugar_%26_Spice_%28Japanese_film%29 \"Sugar & Spice (Japanese film)\")* | Yoko |\n| *[Gal Circle](/wiki/Gal_Circle \"Gal Circle\")* (TV series) | Rika |\n| *[Nodame Cantabile](/wiki/Nodame_Cantabile \"Nodame Cantabile\")* | Reina Ishikawa |\n| 2007 | *[Hanazakari no Kimitachi e](/wiki/Hanazakari_no_Kimitachi_e \"Hanazakari no Kimitachi e\")* | Hanayashiki Hibari |\n| *[Hell Girl](/wiki/Hell_Girl \"Hell Girl\")* | Natsuko Yuki |\n| *[Liar Game](/wiki/Liar_Game \"Liar Game\")* | Ishida Rie |\n| 2008 | *[Kuchisake\\-Onna 2 The Scissors Massacre](/wiki/Kuchisake-Onna_2_The_Scissors_Massacre \"Kuchisake-Onna 2 The Scissors Massacre\")* | Yukie Sawada |\n| 2009 | *[Mei\\-chan no Shitsuji](/wiki/Mei-chan_no_Shitsuji \"Mei-chan no Shitsuji\")* | Ryuonji Izumi |\n| 2010 | *[Troubleman](/wiki/Troubleman \"Troubleman\")* | Ogi Makiko |\n| 2011 | *[Hanazakari no Kimitachi e](/wiki/Hanazakari_no_Kimitachi_e_%282011_TV_series%29 \"Hanazakari no Kimitachi e (2011 TV series)\")* | Hanayashiki Hibari |\n| 2013 | *The Cult* | Mayuko Iwasa (herself) |\n| *[009\\-1: The End of the Beginning](/wiki/009-1 \"009-1\")* | Mylene Hoffman |\n|\n\n",
"### Films\n\n* *Sayonara Midori\\-chan* (2004\\)\n* *Space Police* (2004\\)\n* *Shibuya Kaidan: Sa\\-chan no Toshi Densetsu* (2004\\)\n* *Chicken Deka* (2004\\)\n* *Umeku Haisuikan* (2004\\)\n* *Omoi no Iro* (2004\\)\n* Swing Girls (2004\\) \\- Chie\n* Einstein Girl (2005\\)\n* Space Police (2005\\)\n* Sugar and Spice: Fumi zekka \\| Shuga \\& Supaisu Fumi Zekka (2006\\) \\- Yoko\n* Carved 2 \\| Kuchisake\\-onna 2 (2008\\) \\- Yukie Sawada\n* Kujira: Gokudo no Shokutaku (2009\\)\n* Beautiful Female Panther: Body Sniper \\| Utsukushiki mehyo: Body sniper (2010\\)\n* *Tensou Sentai Goseiger Returns! The Last Epic* (2011\\)\n* *[Koitani Bashi: La Vallee de l'amour](/wiki/Koitanibashi \"Koitanibashi\")* (2011\\)\n* *MILOCRORZE \\- A Love Story* (2012\\) \\- Yukine\n* *Actress* (2012\\) \\- Akari Hazuki\n* *Shinobido* (2012\\)\n* ** (2013\\) \\- Francesco\n* *009\\-1: The End of the Beginning* (2013\\)\n* ** (2013\\) \\- Mayuko Iwasa\n* *[Her Granddaughter](/wiki/Otoko_no_Issh%C5%8D \"Otoko no Isshō\")* (2015\\)\n",
"### TV Movies\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Network |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2006 | Detective Conan: Kudo Shinichi's Written Challenge | Sonoko Suzuki | YTV |\n| Sengoku Jieitai | Osen | NTV |\n| 2007 | Detective Conan: Kudo Shinichi Returns! Showdown with the Black Organization | Sonoko Suzuki | NTV |\n| 2008 | [Hanazakari no Kimitachi e SP](/wiki/Hanazakari_no_Kimitachi_e \"Hanazakari no Kimitachi e\") | Hibari Hanayashiki | Fuji TV |\n| Freshman Director | | TBS |\n|\n\n",
"### Television dramas\n\n| Year | Title | Role |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 2004 | Supēsu Porisu | |\n| 2005 | *Sayonara Midori\\-chan*[Sayonara Midori\\-chan at IMDB.com](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0491136/) | |\n| *Einstein Girl* | Einstein Girl |\n| *[Ganbatte Ikimasshoi](/wiki/Ganbatte_Ikimasshoi_%28TV_series%29 \"Ganbatte Ikimasshoi (TV series)\")* (TV series) | Taeko \"Dakko\" Kikuchi (unknown episodes) |\n| *Seishun no mon: Chikuhō hen* (mini TV series) | Female Student of Tagawa Chugaku |\n| 2006 | *[Detective Conan](/wiki/Detective_Conan \"Detective Conan\")* | Sonoko Suzuki |\n| *[Sugar \\& Spice](/wiki/Sugar_%26_Spice_%28Japanese_film%29 \"Sugar & Spice (Japanese film)\")* | Yoko |\n| *[Gal Circle](/wiki/Gal_Circle \"Gal Circle\")* (TV series) | Rika |\n| *[Nodame Cantabile](/wiki/Nodame_Cantabile \"Nodame Cantabile\")* | Reina Ishikawa |\n| 2007 | *[Hanazakari no Kimitachi e](/wiki/Hanazakari_no_Kimitachi_e \"Hanazakari no Kimitachi e\")* | Hanayashiki Hibari |\n| *[Hell Girl](/wiki/Hell_Girl \"Hell Girl\")* | Natsuko Yuki |\n| *[Liar Game](/wiki/Liar_Game \"Liar Game\")* | Ishida Rie |\n| 2008 | *[Kuchisake\\-Onna 2 The Scissors Massacre](/wiki/Kuchisake-Onna_2_The_Scissors_Massacre \"Kuchisake-Onna 2 The Scissors Massacre\")* | Yukie Sawada |\n| 2009 | *[Mei\\-chan no Shitsuji](/wiki/Mei-chan_no_Shitsuji \"Mei-chan no Shitsuji\")* | Ryuonji Izumi |\n| 2010 | *[Troubleman](/wiki/Troubleman \"Troubleman\")* | Ogi Makiko |\n| 2011 | *[Hanazakari no Kimitachi e](/wiki/Hanazakari_no_Kimitachi_e_%282011_TV_series%29 \"Hanazakari no Kimitachi e (2011 TV series)\")* | Hanayashiki Hibari |\n| 2013 | *The Cult* | Mayuko Iwasa (herself) |\n| *[009\\-1: The End of the Beginning](/wiki/009-1 \"009-1\")* | Mylene Hoffman |\n|\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official site](https://web.archive.org/web/20071011095700/http://iwasa-mayuko.syncl.jp/) \n[Category:1987 births](/wiki/Category:1987_births \"1987 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:People from Nerima](/wiki/Category:People_from_Nerima \"People from Nerima\")\n[Category:Japanese gravure models](/wiki/Category:Japanese_gravure_models \"Japanese gravure models\")\n[Category:Japanese voice actresses](/wiki/Category:Japanese_voice_actresses \"Japanese voice actresses\")\n[Category:Japanese women television personalities](/wiki/Category:Japanese_women_television_personalities \"Japanese women television personalities\")\n\n"
]
}
|
A. J. Antoon
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
hgx26ktvfoxmcxcgmphnctu0sj143bw
|
2024-09-24T02:15:53Z
| 1,247,250,175 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Career",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**A. J. Antoon** (December 7, 1944 – January 22, 1992\\) was an American [theatre director](/wiki/Theatre_director \"Theatre director\"). He attended the [Yale School of Drama](/wiki/Yale_School_of_Drama \"Yale School of Drama\"). Beginning in 1971, Antoon directed numerous plays at the [New York Shakespeare Festival](/wiki/New_York_Shakespeare_Festival \"New York Shakespeare Festival\") over a period of nearly 20 years. In 1973, Antoon became one of the few directors to have been nominated for two [Tony Awards](/wiki/Tony_Award \"Tony Award\") in the same category in the same year. In addition to winning the Tony Award with one of his nominations, Antoon was also the winner of a [Drama Desk Award](/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award \"Drama Desk Award\"), a [New York Drama Critics' Circle](/wiki/New_York_Drama_Critics%27_Circle \"New York Drama Critics' Circle\") Award, and an [Obie Award](/wiki/Obie_Award \"Obie Award\"). His career lasted until 1991; he died less than a year later from [AIDS](/wiki/AIDS \"AIDS\")\\-related lymphoma.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nAlfred Joseph Antoon was born in [Methuen, Massachusetts](/wiki/Methuen%2C_Massachusetts \"Methuen, Massachusetts\"), on December 7, 1944\\. His parents were Alfred J. Antoon, Sr. and Josephine Antoon (née Saba). Antoon attended [Lawrence Central Catholic High School](/wiki/Lawrence_Central_Catholic_High_School \"Lawrence Central Catholic High School\") in nearby [Lawrence, Massachusetts](/wiki/Lawrence%2C_Massachusetts \"Lawrence, Massachusetts\"). After high school he studied for priesthood at the [Shadowbrook Jesuit seminary](/wiki/Shadowbrook_Jesuit_seminary \"Shadowbrook Jesuit seminary\") in [Lenox, Massachusetts](/wiki/Lenox%2C_Massachusetts \"Lenox, Massachusetts\"), while also attending [Boston College](/wiki/Boston_College \"Boston College\"). He later dropped out from the seminary and earned his [bachelor's degree](/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree \"Bachelor's degree\") from Boston College in 1968\\. He went on to attend the [Yale School of Drama](/wiki/Yale_School_of_Drama \"Yale School of Drama\") for a year and a half before leaving to begin his work in professional theatre. Antoon died at the age of 47 from [AIDS](/wiki/AIDS \"AIDS\")\\-related lymphoma on January 22, 1992, at the [NYU Medical Center](/wiki/NYU_Medical_Center \"NYU Medical Center\"). After his death, a collection of Antoon's papers and correspondence was donated to [Billy Rose Theatre Collection](/wiki/Billy_Rose_Theatre_Collection \"Billy Rose Theatre Collection\").\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nAntoon directed his first professional production, *[Story Theatre](/wiki/Story_Theatre \"Story Theatre\")*, at [St. Clement's Church Theatre](/wiki/St._Clement%27s_Church_Theatre \"St. Clement's Church Theatre\") in 1971\\. In that same year, Antoon presented *[Subject to Fits](/wiki/Subject_to_Fits \"Subject to Fits\")*, a play written by his Yale friend Robert Montgomery, to [Joseph Papp](/wiki/Joseph_Papp \"Joseph Papp\"), founder of the [New York Shakespeare Festival](/wiki/New_York_Shakespeare_Festival \"New York Shakespeare Festival\"). Papp gave Antoon the directing job, and the play opened on February 14, 1971, at the [Public Theater](/wiki/Public_Theater \"Public Theater\"). This was the first of many productions he would direct for the [New York Shakespeare Festival](/wiki/New_York_Shakespeare_Festival \"New York Shakespeare Festival\") over a career lasting 20 years. *Subject to Fits* was successful, and it moved to [London](/wiki/London \"London\") where it was staged by the [Royal Shakespeare Company](/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company \"Royal Shakespeare Company\") at [The Place](/wiki/The_Place_%28London%29 \"The Place (London)\"). Antoon continued his success with the New York Shakespeare Festival in 1971 with his direction of *[Tale of Cymbeline](/wiki/Tale_of_Cymbeline \"Tale of Cymbeline\")*.\n\nIn 1972, Antoon directed both the [off\\-Broadway](/wiki/Off-Broadway \"Off-Broadway\") and [Broadway](/wiki/Broadway_theatre \"Broadway theatre\") debut productions of *[That Championship Season](/wiki/That_Championship_Season \"That Championship Season\")* as well as a Broadway production of Shakespeare's *[Much Ado About Nothing](/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing \"Much Ado About Nothing\")*. Antoon was nominated for a [Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play](/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Direction_of_a_Play \"Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play\") for both productions and won with *That Championship Season*. Since then, no director was nominated for two Tony awards in the same category until [Matthew Warchus](/wiki/Matthew_Warchus \"Matthew Warchus\") in 2009\\. *That Championship Season* also won the 1972 [Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director](/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Director \"Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director\") and the 1972 [New York Drama Critics' Circle](/wiki/New_York_Drama_Critics%27_Circle \"New York Drama Critics' Circle\") Award for Best Play. Antoon's production of *Much Ado About Nothing* was also successful; he directed a television adaptation of it in 1973\\. Following his success with these two productions, Antoon was awarded an [honorary doctorate](/wiki/Honorary_degree \"Honorary degree\") from his alma mater, Boston College.\n\nAntoon went on to direct numerous original Broadway productions, including *[The Good Doctor](/wiki/The_Good_Doctor_%28play%29 \"The Good Doctor (play)\")*, *[The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man\\-in\\-the\\-Moon Marigolds](/wiki/The_Effect_of_Gamma_Rays_on_Man-in-the-Moon_Marigolds \"The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds\")*, and *[Sherlock's Last Case](/wiki/Sherlock%27s_Last_Case \"Sherlock's Last Case\")*. In 1975, Antoon directed a production of *[Trelawny of the 'Wells'](/wiki/Trelawny_of_the_%27Wells%27 \"Trelawny of the 'Wells'\")* featuring the Broadway debuts of [Meryl Streep](/wiki/Meryl_Streep \"Meryl Streep\") and [Mandy Patinkin](/wiki/Mandy_Patinkin \"Mandy Patinkin\"). In 1979, Antoon directed a production of *[The Art of Dining](/wiki/The_Art_of_Dining \"The Art of Dining\")* for which he won an [Obie Award](/wiki/Obie_Award \"Obie Award\") for Best Direction. In 1984, Antoon directed a production of *[The Rink](/wiki/The_Rink_%28musical%29 \"The Rink (musical)\")* with [Liza Minnelli](/wiki/Liza_Minnelli \"Liza Minnelli\") and Chita Rivera for which he was nominated for a Drama Desk Award. Antoon's last production with the New York Shakespeare Festival was a 1990 [Wild West](/wiki/Wild_West \"Wild West\")\\-themed production of *[The Taming of the Shrew](/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew \"The Taming of the Shrew\")* in [Central Park](/wiki/Central_Park \"Central Park\"). His final production came shortly thereafter with *[Song of Singapore](/wiki/Song_of_Singapore \"Song of Singapore\")* in 1991\\.\nThroughout his career he relied on and worked closely with Elizabeth McGonagle, who was first an assistant and then assistant director on most of his productions.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [A. J. Antoon papers, 1961\\-1991](http://www.nypl.org/archives/4167), held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, [New York Public Library for the Performing Arts](/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts \"New York Public Library for the Performing Arts\")\n\n[Category:1944 births](/wiki/Category:1944_births \"1944 births\")\n[Category:1992 deaths](/wiki/Category:1992_deaths \"1992 deaths\")\n[Category:American theatre directors](/wiki/Category:American_theatre_directors \"American theatre directors\")\n[Category:Drama Desk Award winners](/wiki/Category:Drama_Desk_Award_winners \"Drama Desk Award winners\")\n[Category:People from Lawrence, Massachusetts](/wiki/Category:People_from_Lawrence%2C_Massachusetts \"People from Lawrence, Massachusetts\")\n[Category:LGBTQ people from Massachusetts](/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_people_from_Massachusetts \"LGBTQ people from Massachusetts\")\n[Category:Tony Award winners](/wiki/Category:Tony_Award_winners \"Tony Award winners\")\n[Category:AIDS\\-related deaths in New York (state)](/wiki/Category:AIDS-related_deaths_in_New_York_%28state%29 \"AIDS-related deaths in New York (state)\")\n[Category:David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University alumni](/wiki/Category:David_Geffen_School_of_Drama_at_Yale_University_alumni \"David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University alumni\")\n[Category:20th\\-century American LGBTQ people](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_LGBTQ_people \"20th-century American LGBTQ people\")\n\n"
]
}
|
The Wild Stallion
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2603:7000:9100:1B45:D73:A9D7:A8BC:6814"
]
}
|
8niy3qq7497d4smf9vu87c9ew7yt3ga
|
2024-05-24T17:12:28Z
| 1,225,472,867 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Cast",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***The Wild Stallion*** is a 2009 American [direct\\-to\\-DVD film](/wiki/Direct-to-video \"Direct-to-video\") directed by [Craig Clyde](/wiki/Craig_Clyde \"Craig Clyde\") and starring [Miranda Cosgrove](/wiki/Miranda_Cosgrove \"Miranda Cosgrove\"), [Danielle Chuchran](/wiki/Danielle_Chuchran \"Danielle Chuchran\"), [Robert Wagner](/wiki/Robert_Wagner \"Robert Wagner\"), [Paul Sorvino](/wiki/Paul_Sorvino \"Paul Sorvino\"), [Connie Sellecca](/wiki/Connie_Sellecca \"Connie Sellecca\") and [Fred Ward](/wiki/Fred_Ward \"Fred Ward\"). It was distributed by [Myriad Pictures](/wiki/Myriad_Pictures \"Myriad Pictures\"). In December 2010, the popular Horse Book Club PONY included *The Wild Stallion* in their package.\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nHanna Mills ([Miranda Cosgrove](/wiki/Miranda_Cosgrove \"Miranda Cosgrove\")), an 11\\-year\\-old girl from [Cleveland, Ohio](/wiki/Cleveland%2C_Ohio \"Cleveland, Ohio\"), wants to photograph wild horses for a project and to try to help save them. After visiting a ranch during summer vacation and befriending CJ ([Danielle Chuchran](/wiki/Danielle_Chuchran \"Danielle Chuchran\")), another 11\\-year\\-old girl, she learns about illegal activities that might jeopardize the [mustangs](/wiki/Mustang_%28horse%29 \"Mustang (horse)\"). Along the way she learns about the horses including the legend of the black stallion.\n\n",
"Cast\n----\n\n* [Miranda Cosgrove](/wiki/Miranda_Cosgrove \"Miranda Cosgrove\") as Hanna Mills\n* [Danielle Chuchran](/wiki/Danielle_Chuchran \"Danielle Chuchran\") as C.J.\n* [Fred Ward](/wiki/Fred_Ward \"Fred Ward\") as Frank Mills\n* [Manuel Ojeda](/wiki/Manuel_Ojeda \"Manuel Ojeda\") as Jorge Valencia\n* [Connie Sellecca](/wiki/Connie_Sellecca \"Connie Sellecca\") as Maddie\n* [Robert Wagner](/wiki/Robert_Wagner \"Robert Wagner\") as Novak \\- The wild horse buyer\n* [Paul Sorvino](/wiki/Paul_Sorvino \"Paul Sorvino\") as Sheriff Buck\n* [Corbin Allred](/wiki/Corbin_Allred \"Corbin Allred\") as Depute Morg Haynes\n* [K. C. Clyde](/wiki/K._C._Clyde \"K. C. Clyde\") as Dallas Brody\n* [Gib Gerard](/wiki/Gib_Gerard \"Gib Gerard\") as Ty Brody\n* [Carlisle Studer](/wiki/Carlisle_Studer \"Carlisle Studer\") as Lilly\n* [RaeAnn Christensen](/wiki/RaeAnn_Christensen \"RaeAnn Christensen\") as Ellie Reynolds\n* [Scotty Meek](/wiki/Scotty_Meek \"Scotty Meek\") as Murdock\n* [Bob Lanoue](/wiki/Bob_Lanoue \"Bob Lanoue\") as Virgil\n* [Michael Lawson](/wiki/Michael_Lawson_%28actor%29 \"Michael Lawson (actor)\") as Alvin Niedermeyer \\- the cook\n* [Dustin Hunter Evans](/wiki/Dustin_Hunter_Evans \"Dustin Hunter Evans\") as Kyle\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:2009 direct\\-to\\-video films](/wiki/Category:2009_direct-to-video_films \"2009 direct-to-video films\")\n[Category:2009 films](/wiki/Category:2009_films \"2009 films\")\n[Category:Films about horses](/wiki/Category:Films_about_horses \"Films about horses\")\n[Category:Films set in Ohio](/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_Ohio \"Films set in Ohio\")\n[Category:Films set in Utah](/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_Utah \"Films set in Utah\")\n[Category:Films shot in Ohio](/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Ohio \"Films shot in Ohio\")\n[Category:Films shot in Utah](/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Utah \"Films shot in Utah\")\n[Category:2009 drama films](/wiki/Category:2009_drama_films \"2009 drama films\")\n[Category:2000s English\\-language films](/wiki/Category:2000s_English-language_films \"2000s English-language films\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Area code 607
|
{
"id": [
548527
],
"name": [
"Mitchazenia"
]
}
|
6sb7znt77xmehqa0y7b28as674ai7pd
|
2024-01-15T21:31:05Z
| 1,169,026,731 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Service area",
"Counties",
"Cities",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[right\\|thumb\\|350px\\|Area codes in [New York state](/wiki/New_York_%28state%29 \"New York (state)\"); area code 607 highlighted in orange](/wiki/File:New_York_State_and_surrounding_areas_Area_codes_Jan_2024.png \"New York State and surrounding areas Area codes Jan 2024.png\")\n\n**Area code 607** is a telephone [area code](/wiki/Area_code \"Area code\") in the [North American Numbering Plan](/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan \"North American Numbering Plan\") for the [U.S. state](/wiki/U.S._state \"U.S. state\") of [New York](/wiki/New_York_%28state%29 \"New York (state)\"). It serves parts of its [Southern Tier](/wiki/Southern_Tier \"Southern Tier\") (which borders [Pennsylvania](/wiki/Pennsylvania \"Pennsylvania\")). It was created in 1954 by combining the southern portion of [315](/wiki/Area_code_315 \"Area code 315\") and the eastern portion of [716](/wiki/Area_code_716 \"Area code 716\").[New York Area Codes](http://www.areacodehelp.com/acus/new_york_area_codes.shtml) Initially, in the late 1940s, area codes with a middle digit of \"0\" (**x0x**\\-xxx\\-xxxx) were assigned only to jurisdictions covering an entire state. Along with [507](/wiki/Area_code_507 \"Area code 507\") in [Minnesota](/wiki/Minnesota \"Minnesota\") and [606](/wiki/Area_code_606 \"Area code 606\") in [Kentucky](/wiki/Kentucky \"Kentucky\"), 607 was among the first such area codes to be *added* to a jurisdiction.\n\nPrior to October 2021, area code 607 had telephone numbers assigned for the [central office code](/wiki/Central_office_code \"Central office code\") 988\\. In 2020, *988* was designated nationwide as a dialing code for the [National Suicide Prevention Lifeline](/wiki/National_Suicide_Prevention_Lifeline \"National Suicide Prevention Lifeline\"), which created a conflict for exchanges that permit [seven\\-digit dialing](/wiki/Seven-digit_dialing \"Seven-digit dialing\"). This area code was therefore scheduled to transition to [ten\\-digit dialing](/wiki/Ten-digit_dialing \"Ten-digit dialing\") by October 24, 2021\\.\n\n",
"Service area\n------------\n\n### Counties\n\n* [Allegany County](/wiki/Allegany_County%2C_New_York \"Allegany County, New York\") (part)\n* [Broome County](/wiki/Broome_County%2C_New_York \"Broome County, New York\")\n* [Chemung County](/wiki/Chemung_County%2C_New_York \"Chemung County, New York\")\n* [Chenango County](/wiki/Chenango_County%2C_New_York \"Chenango County, New York\")\n* [Cortland County](/wiki/Cortland_County%2C_New_York \"Cortland County, New York\")\n* [Delaware County](/wiki/Delaware_County%2C_New_York \"Delaware County, New York\")\n* [Otsego County](/wiki/Otsego_County%2C_New_York \"Otsego County, New York\")\n* [Schoharie County](/wiki/Schoharie_County%2C_New_York \"Schoharie County, New York\") (part)\n* [Schuyler County](/wiki/Schuyler_County%2C_New_York \"Schuyler County, New York\")\n* [Steuben County](/wiki/Steuben_County%2C_New_York \"Steuben County, New York\")\n* [Sullivan County](/wiki/Sullivan_County%2C_New_York \"Sullivan County, New York\") (part)\n* [Tioga County](/wiki/Tioga_County%2C_New_York \"Tioga County, New York\")\n* [Tompkins County](/wiki/Tompkins_County%2C_New_York \"Tompkins County, New York\")\n* [Yates County](/wiki/Yates_County%2C_New_York \"Yates County, New York\")\n\n### Cities\n\n* [Binghamton](/wiki/Binghamton%2C_New_York \"Binghamton, New York\")\n* [Corning](/wiki/Corning_%28city%29%2C_New_York \"Corning (city), New York\")\n* [Cortland](/wiki/Cortland%2C_New_York \"Cortland, New York\")\n* [Delhi](/wiki/Delhi%2C_New_York \"Delhi, New York\")\n* [Elmira](/wiki/Elmira%2C_New_York \"Elmira, New York\")\n* [Hornell](/wiki/Hornell%2C_New_York \"Hornell, New York\")\n* [Ithaca](/wiki/Ithaca_%28city%29%2C_New_York \"Ithaca (city), New York\")\n* [Norwich](/wiki/Norwich_%28city%29%2C_New_York \"Norwich (city), New York\")\n* [Oneonta](/wiki/Oneonta%2C_New_York \"Oneonta, New York\")\n* [Waverly](/wiki/Waverly%2C_Tioga_County%2C_New_York \"Waverly, Tioga County, New York\")\n* [Deposit](/wiki/Deposit_%28town%29%2C_New_York \"Deposit (town), New York\")\n* [Owego](/wiki/Owego_%28town%29%2C_New_York \"Owego (town), New York\")\n* [Vestal](/wiki/Vestal%2C_New_York \"Vestal, New York\")\n\n",
"### Counties\n\n* [Allegany County](/wiki/Allegany_County%2C_New_York \"Allegany County, New York\") (part)\n* [Broome County](/wiki/Broome_County%2C_New_York \"Broome County, New York\")\n* [Chemung County](/wiki/Chemung_County%2C_New_York \"Chemung County, New York\")\n* [Chenango County](/wiki/Chenango_County%2C_New_York \"Chenango County, New York\")\n* [Cortland County](/wiki/Cortland_County%2C_New_York \"Cortland County, New York\")\n* [Delaware County](/wiki/Delaware_County%2C_New_York \"Delaware County, New York\")\n* [Otsego County](/wiki/Otsego_County%2C_New_York \"Otsego County, New York\")\n* [Schoharie County](/wiki/Schoharie_County%2C_New_York \"Schoharie County, New York\") (part)\n* [Schuyler County](/wiki/Schuyler_County%2C_New_York \"Schuyler County, New York\")\n* [Steuben County](/wiki/Steuben_County%2C_New_York \"Steuben County, New York\")\n* [Sullivan County](/wiki/Sullivan_County%2C_New_York \"Sullivan County, New York\") (part)\n* [Tioga County](/wiki/Tioga_County%2C_New_York \"Tioga County, New York\")\n* [Tompkins County](/wiki/Tompkins_County%2C_New_York \"Tompkins County, New York\")\n* [Yates County](/wiki/Yates_County%2C_New_York \"Yates County, New York\")\n\n",
"### Cities\n\n* [Binghamton](/wiki/Binghamton%2C_New_York \"Binghamton, New York\")\n* [Corning](/wiki/Corning_%28city%29%2C_New_York \"Corning (city), New York\")\n* [Cortland](/wiki/Cortland%2C_New_York \"Cortland, New York\")\n* [Delhi](/wiki/Delhi%2C_New_York \"Delhi, New York\")\n* [Elmira](/wiki/Elmira%2C_New_York \"Elmira, New York\")\n* [Hornell](/wiki/Hornell%2C_New_York \"Hornell, New York\")\n* [Ithaca](/wiki/Ithaca_%28city%29%2C_New_York \"Ithaca (city), New York\")\n* [Norwich](/wiki/Norwich_%28city%29%2C_New_York \"Norwich (city), New York\")\n* [Oneonta](/wiki/Oneonta%2C_New_York \"Oneonta, New York\")\n* [Waverly](/wiki/Waverly%2C_Tioga_County%2C_New_York \"Waverly, Tioga County, New York\")\n* [Deposit](/wiki/Deposit_%28town%29%2C_New_York \"Deposit (town), New York\")\n* [Owego](/wiki/Owego_%28town%29%2C_New_York \"Owego (town), New York\")\n* [Vestal](/wiki/Vestal%2C_New_York \"Vestal, New York\")\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of New York area codes](/wiki/List_of_New_York_area_codes \"List of New York area codes\")\n* [List of North American Numbering Plan area codes](/wiki/List_of_North_American_Numbering_Plan_area_codes \"List of North American Numbering Plan area codes\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n \n\n[607](/wiki/Category:Area_codes_in_the_United_States \"Area codes in the United States\")\n[607](/wiki/Category:Area_codes_in_New_York_%28state%29 \"Area codes in New York (state)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Maksymilian Horwitz
|
{
"id": [
47732363
],
"name": [
"Numberguy6Bot"
]
}
|
jboh0do8zb8dxkpgisfy2zvom0xdo0x
|
2024-05-27T23:06:56Z
| 1,219,592,925 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Maksymilian Horwitz** ([pseudonym](/wiki/Pseudonym \"Pseudonym\"): *Henryk Walecki*; 6 September 1877 – 20 September 1937\\) was a leader and theoretician of the Polish socialist and communist movement.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nMaksymilian Horwitz was born to a Jewish family in [Warsaw](/wiki/Warsaw \"Warsaw\"), the son of Gustaw Horwitz and Julia Kleinmann.\n[thumb\\|Horwitz in 1898](/wiki/File:Horowitz-maksymilian.jpg \"Horowitz-maksymilian.jpg\")\nAfter leaving school, he studied mathematics at the [Ghent University](/wiki/Ghent_University \"Ghent University\"), graduating in 1898, and joined the Belgian Socialist movement, and a group of emigre Polish socialists, in 1895\\. He returned to Warsaw in 1898, and joined the [Polish Socialist Party](/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party \"Polish Socialist Party\") (PPS). Arrested in December 1899, he was exiled to Siberia in 1901, but escaped in 1902 and emigrated to Switzerland, returning to Warsaw during the [1905 Revolution](/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution \"1905 Russian Revolution\"), and was again arrested and exiled. He escaped from Siberia again in 1907\\. In exile in [Kraków](/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w \"Kraków\") \\- then under Austrian rule \\- and Vienna, then he became one of the leaders of the [Polish Socialist Party – Left](/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party_%E2%80%93_Left \"Polish Socialist Party – Left\") (PPS\\-Lewica), who opposed the Polish nationalism of [Józef Piłsudski](/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski \"Józef Piłsudski\"), and during [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\") drew closer to the [SDPKiL](/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_and_Lithuania \"Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania\"), led by [Rosa Luxemburg](/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg \"Rosa Luxemburg\"). Horwitz edited the faction's newspaper *Mysl Socjalistyczna*. It was during this period that he adopted the alias, Henryk Walecki, by which he became better known.\n\nAfter the outbreak of war, in 1914, Walecki emigrated from Austria to Switzerland, where he came into contact with [Lenin](/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin \"Vladimir Lenin\") and [Zinoviev](/wiki/Grigory_Zinoviev \"Grigory Zinoviev\"), and represented the PPS\\-Lewica at the organising conference that the preceded the [Zimmerwald Conference](/wiki/Zimmerwald_Conference \"Zimmerwald Conference\") of left wing anti\\-war delegates from across Europe. From May 1915, he edited the newspaper *Volksrecht* in Zurich, which supported the [Bolsheviks](/wiki/Bolsheviks \"Bolsheviks\") after they had seized power in Russia.\n\nIn 1918, Walecki was expelled from Switzerland for his role in a railway workers' strike, and returned to Warsaw, where he was one of the founders of the [Communist Party of Poland](/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Poland \"Communist Party of Poland\") (KPP), formed in 1918 by a merger of the PPS\\-Lewica and the SDPKiL, and a member of its Central Committee in 1918–20 and 1923–24, and politburo in 1923–24\\. Arrested in the winter of 1919, he was released on bail after several months, and fled to Russia, where he formed part of the triumvirate known as the 'three Ws', who led the Polish Communist Party in exile. The others were [Adolf Warski](/wiki/Adolf_Warski \"Adolf Warski\") and [Maria Koszutska](/wiki/Maria_Koszutska \"Maria Koszutska\"), alias Wera Kostrzewa. From February 1921, Walecki was a Polish delegate on the executive committees of [Comintern](/wiki/Communist_International \"Communist International\") and [Profintern](/wiki/Profintern \"Profintern\"), and was frequently sent abroad as a Comintern agent to guide the political direction of communist or socialist parties. including those of Italy, in October 1921, France, in December 1921, and the US, in August 1922\\.\n\nIn November 1923, after disturbances in Poland following a general strike called by the KPP were quickly put down, the 'three Ws' came under attack from left wing opponents with in the KPP, led by [Julian Lenski](/wiki/Julian_Leszczy%C5%84ski \"Julian Leszczyński\"), who accused them of passivity. Also, late in 1923, as Lenin's terminal illness set off a power struggle in Moscow, the KPP issued a statement defending [Trotsky](/wiki/Leon_Trotsky \"Leon Trotsky\"). Their record was examined during a three\\-day session of at the Fifth Congress of Comintern in June 1924, chaired by [Stalin](/wiki/Joseph_Stalin \"Joseph Stalin\"), at which Walecki defiantly defended the record of three Ws. In January 1925, Walecki was removed from the leadership of the KPP, after which he was never involved in the affairs of the Polish party again.\n\n[Alexander Barmine](/wiki/Alexander_Barmine \"Alexander Barmine\"), who was based in Riga in 1922, returned to Moscow on the same train as delegates to the Fourth Congress of Comintern, including Walecki and [Eugen Varga](/wiki/Eugen_Varga \"Eugen Varga\"), and complained in his memoirs that they \"showed the most revolting lack of consideration\" by demanding that they be allocated a private compartment on a crowded train, and lodging a complaint in Moscow when he turned them down. Barmine commented: \"Surely an old revolutionary like Walecki ought to have been content with a berth in a first\\-class sleeper. The little luxuries of power go to men's heads.\"\n\nWalecki continued to work for Comintern, where he was deputy head of the Balkan Secretariat in 1925–28, and editor of the journal *Communist International* from 1935\\. During the [Great Purge](/wiki/The_Great_Purge \"The Great Purge\"), he was arrested by the [NKVD](/wiki/NKVD \"NKVD\") on 21 June 1937 and executed on 20 September 1937\\.[*Валецкий Максимилиан Густавович*](http://lists.memo.ru/index3.htm) Horwitz was [rehabilitated](/wiki/Rehabilitation_%28Soviet%29 \"Rehabilitation (Soviet)\") after the [20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union](/wiki/20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union \"20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union\").\n[thumb\\|Portrait of Walecki after his arrest by the NKVD in June 1937](/wiki/File:Horwitz-Walecki.jpg \"Horwitz-Walecki.jpg\")\nHortwitz's niece, [Hanna Mortkowicz\\-Olczakowa](/wiki/Hanna_Mortkowicz-Olczakowa \"Hanna Mortkowicz-Olczakowa\") and her daughter, [Joanna Olczak\\-Ronikier](/wiki/Joanna_Olczak-Ronikier \"Joanna Olczak-Ronikier\") are writers.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1877 births](/wiki/Category:1877_births \"1877 births\")\n[Category:1937 deaths](/wiki/Category:1937_deaths \"1937 deaths\")\n[Category:Politicians from Warsaw](/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Warsaw \"Politicians from Warsaw\")\n[Category:People from Warsaw Governorate](/wiki/Category:People_from_Warsaw_Governorate \"People from Warsaw Governorate\")\n[Category:Jewish Polish politicians](/wiki/Category:Jewish_Polish_politicians \"Jewish Polish politicians\")\n[Category:Jews from the Russian Empire](/wiki/Category:Jews_from_the_Russian_Empire \"Jews from the Russian Empire\")\n[Category:Polish Socialist Party – Left politicians](/wiki/Category:Polish_Socialist_Party_%E2%80%93_Left_politicians \"Polish Socialist Party – Left politicians\")\n[Category:Communist Party of Poland politicians](/wiki/Category:Communist_Party_of_Poland_politicians \"Communist Party of Poland politicians\")\n[Category:Jewish socialists](/wiki/Category:Jewish_socialists \"Jewish socialists\")\n[Category:Great Purge victims from Poland](/wiki/Category:Great_Purge_victims_from_Poland \"Great Purge victims from Poland\")\n[Category:Jews executed by the Soviet Union](/wiki/Category:Jews_executed_by_the_Soviet_Union \"Jews executed by the Soviet Union\")\n[Category:Executed people from Masovian Voivodeship](/wiki/Category:Executed_people_from_Masovian_Voivodeship \"Executed people from Masovian Voivodeship\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Moheb Stino
|
{
"id": [
44127043
],
"name": [
"Atremari"
]
}
|
o410pkdr29orszwplfirq229vub07ch
|
2022-06-28T11:12:04Z
| 1,089,360,206 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Dr. Moheb Ramzi Stino** was the [Minister](/wiki/Minister_%28government%29 \"Minister (government)\") of [Tourism](/wiki/Tourism \"Tourism\") and [Aviation](/wiki/Aviation \"Aviation\") for [Egypt](/wiki/Egypt \"Egypt\") under [Anwar Sadat](/wiki/Anwar_Sadat \"Anwar Sadat\").Winship, Frederick M. (UPI) (7 May 1978\\) [Egypt in Throes of Huge Tourist Boom](https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XAAkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gWcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6835,2816882&dq=moheb-stino&hl=en), *[Sarasota Herald\\-Tribune](/wiki/Sarasota_Herald-Tribune \"Sarasota Herald-Tribune\")*, Retrieved November 11, 2010 (identifying Stino as minister of tourism under Sadat) His brother, Dr. [Kamal Stino](/wiki/Kamal_Stino \"Kamal Stino\"), was Vice\\-Prime Minister under [Nasser](/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser \"Gamal Abdel Nasser\"). His other brother, [Charles Stino](/wiki/Charles_Stino \"Charles Stino\"), was the vice Minister of Industry, under Nasser.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Egyptian people of Coptic descent](/wiki/Category:Egyptian_people_of_Coptic_descent \"Egyptian people of Coptic descent\")\n[Category:Coptic politicians](/wiki/Category:Coptic_politicians \"Coptic politicians\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Tourism ministers of Egypt](/wiki/Category:Tourism_ministers_of_Egypt \"Tourism ministers of Egypt\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Civil Aviation ministers of Egypt](/wiki/Category:Civil_Aviation_ministers_of_Egypt \"Civil Aviation ministers of Egypt\")\n\n \n\n[nl:Kamal Stino\\#Familie](/wiki/nl:Kamal_Stino%23Familie \"Kamal Stino#Familie\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Euphoria (compilations)
|
{
"id": [
11241628
],
"name": [
"Hiddenstranger"
]
}
|
gz9j3zq9o1o3amkez4r7sd8rr5cssui
|
2024-10-04T01:44:51Z
| 1,224,991,179 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"List of ''Euphoria'' albums by Telstar Records (Telstar TV) (1999–2004)",
"List of ''Euphoria'' albums by Ministry of Sound (2004–2017)",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|The first compilation in the Euphoria series: *'For the Mind, Body and Soul' Euphoria*, mixed by PF Project.](/wiki/Image:For_the_mind_body_and_soul_euphoria.jpg \"For the mind body and soul euphoria.jpg\")\n***Euphoria*** is a series of dance music compilations that debuted on the [Telstar Records](/wiki/Telstar_Records \"Telstar Records\") label in early 1999\\. During the first year, *Euphoria* focused primarily on [trance music](/wiki/Trance_music \"Trance music\") until mid\\-2000 when *Euphoria* released the first [chill\\-out](/wiki/Chill-out_music \"Chill-out music\") album in the series and the first [hard house](/wiki/Hard_house \"Hard house\") album in late 2000\\.\n*Euphoria* was later spun off into a number of associated club nights around the UK, Ibiza and Cyprus. Over the course of three years, in excess of 500 tour dates were chalked up with tour DJs such as Adam White, Robert Van Ryn, Simon Webdale and Darren James.\nThe compilations included box sets usually priced at around £20\\.00\\. The *Euphoria* albums were of high quality and still are highly collectible and the earlier versions are somewhat rare.\n\nFrequent DJs and/or producers who have mixed albums include [Dave Pearce](/wiki/Dave_Pearce \"Dave Pearce\"), [Matt Darey](/wiki/Matt_Darey \"Matt Darey\"), [Lisa Lashes](/wiki/Lisa_Lashes \"Lisa Lashes\"), [John '00' Fleming](/wiki/John_%2700%27_Fleming \"John '00' Fleming\"), Adam White, The Tidy Boys, Jay Burnett, Red Jerry and Andy Whitby.\n\nWhen [Telstar Records](/wiki/Telstar_Records \"Telstar Records\") folded in 2004, the brand went to [Ministry of Sound](/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound \"Ministry of Sound\") recordings.\n\nSince the debut release, the *Euphoria* brand has showcased other genres in [electronic dance music](/wiki/Electronic_dance_music \"Electronic dance music\") including hard house, [hard dance](/wiki/Hard_dance \"Hard dance\"), [progressive](/wiki/Progressive_electronic_dance_music \"Progressive electronic dance music\") and [psy\\-trance](/wiki/Psychedelic_trance \"Psychedelic trance\") as well as releasing some (thus far) \"one offs\" that cover [old skool](/wiki/Old_school_hip_hop \"Old school hip hop\"), [funky house](/wiki/Funky_house \"Funky house\"), [hardcore](/wiki/Hardcore_techno \"Hardcore techno\") and the ever\\-popular [\"mash up\"](/wiki/Mashup_%28music%29 \"Mashup (music)\").\n\nAlthough focusing mostly on \"Best of\" compilations in recent years under various guises, the *Euphoria* brand went \"back to its roots\" in mid\\-2008 with its first release of new (all encompassing) trance music in 3 years as opposed to the subgenre releases. *Summer Euphoria* was also the first digital\\-only release under the *Euphoria* brand.\n\nWith no new releases for nearly 18 months, Ministry of Sound released *Euphoria 2011* in September of that year. This was a new direction for the *Euphoria* brand in that the album contained the latest dance music including the recent fusion of dance beats with R\\&B.\n\nTelstar also launched the *Breakdown* (its full name being *The Very Best of Euphoric Dance Breakdown*) series in 1999, the same year as the inaugural *Euphoria* album, and this brand also went to Ministry of Sound following the folding of Telstar. *Breakdown* too focused on electronic dance music, but was never focused on trance music in particular, focusing on a wide range of subgenres of dance music, including non\\-electronic genres such as a [disco](/wiki/Disco \"Disco\") edition. The series was computer mixed, but did not list a DJ on its cover, but instead in its liner notes. In the book *The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles and Albums*, the *Breakdown* series is erroneously listed as being part of the *Euphoria* series.\n\n",
"List of *Euphoria* albums by Telstar Records (Telstar TV) (1999–2004\\)\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n| \\# | Album Name | Mixed by | Release Year | Catalog \\# |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | [Euphoria \\- For the Mind, Body and Soul](/wiki/Euphoria_-_For_the_Mind%2C_Body_and_Soul \"Euphoria - For the Mind, Body and Soul\") | [PF Project](/wiki/PF_Project \"PF Project\") | 1999 | TTVCD3007 |\n| 2 | 'Deeper' Euphoria | [Red Jerry](/wiki/Red_Jerry \"Red Jerry\") | 1999 | TTVCD3064 |\n| 3 | [Ibiza Euphoria](/wiki/Ibiza_Euphoria \"Ibiza Euphoria\") | [Matt Darey](/wiki/Matt_Darey \"Matt Darey\") | 1999 | TTVCD3078 |\n| 4 | 'A Higher State of...' Euphoria \\- Level 3 | PF Project | 1999 | TTVCD3095 |\n| 5 | [Pure Euphoria](/wiki/Pure_Euphoria \"Pure Euphoria\") | [Matt Darey](/wiki/Matt_Darey \"Matt Darey\") | 2000 | TTVCD3118 |\n| 6 | [Chilled Euphoria](/wiki/Chilled_Euphoria \"Chilled Euphoria\") | [Red Jerry](/wiki/Red_Jerry \"Red Jerry\") | 2000 | TTVCD3127 |\n| 7 | Ibiza Euphoria Volume 2 | Alex Gold and [Agnelli \\& Nelson](/wiki/Agnelli_%26_Nelson \"Agnelli & Nelson\") | 2000 | TTVCD3134 |\n| 8 | Hard House Euphoria Volume 1 | [Lisa Lashes](/wiki/Lisa_Lashes \"Lisa Lashes\") | 2000 | TTVCD3152 |\n| 9 | 'Transcendental' Euphoria | [Dave Pearce](/wiki/Dave_Pearce \"Dave Pearce\") | 2000 | TTVCD3155 |\n| 10 | [Deep \\& Chilled Euphoria](/wiki/Deep_%26_Chilled_Euphoria \"Deep & Chilled Euphoria\") | [Red Jerry](/wiki/Red_Jerry \"Red Jerry\") | 2001 | TTVCD3164 |\n| 11 | 'True' Euphoria | [Dave Pearce](/wiki/Dave_Pearce \"Dave Pearce\") | 2001 | TTVCD3176 |\n| 12 | Hard House Euphoria Volume 2 | [Lisa Pin\\-Up](/wiki/Lisa_Pin-Up \"Lisa Pin-Up\") \\& The [Tidy Boys](/wiki/Tidy_Boys \"Tidy Boys\") | 2001 | TTVCD3177 |\n| 13 | Progressive Euphoria | [John '00' Fleming](/wiki/John_%2700%27_Fleming \"John '00' Fleming\") | 2001 | TTVCD3183 |\n| 14 | Chilled Out Euphoria | [Solar Stone](/wiki/Solarstone \"Solarstone\") | 2001 | TTVCD3189 |\n| 15 | Ibiza Euphoria Volume 3 | [Dave Pearce](/wiki/Dave_Pearce \"Dave Pearce\") | 2001 | TTVCD3199 |\n| 16 | 'Total' Euphoria | [Dave Pearce](/wiki/Dave_Pearce \"Dave Pearce\") | 2001 | TTVCD3220 |\n| 17 | Old Skool Euphoria | [Altern8](/wiki/Altern8 \"Altern8\") | 2001 | TTVCD3233 |\n| 18 | White Label Euphoria | [John '00' Fleming](/wiki/John_%2700%27_Fleming \"John '00' Fleming\") | 2002 | TTVCD3241 |\n| 19 | 'Absolute' Euphoria | [Dave Pearce](/wiki/Dave_Pearce \"Dave Pearce\") | 2002 | TTVCD3251 |\n| 20 | Extreme Euphoria Volume 1 | [Lisa Lashes](/wiki/Lisa_Lashes \"Lisa Lashes\") | 2002 | TTVCD3265 |\n| 21 | [Ibiza Euphoria Volume 4](/wiki/Ibiza_Euphoria_Volume_4 \"Ibiza Euphoria Volume 4\") | [Dave Pearce](/wiki/Dave_Pearce \"Dave Pearce\") | 2002 | TTVCD3274 |\n| 22 | The Very Best of Euphoria | [Matt Darey](/wiki/Matt_Darey \"Matt Darey\") | 2002 | TTVCD3297 |\n| 23 | Extreme Euphoria Volume 2 | [Lisa Lashes](/wiki/Lisa_Lashes \"Lisa Lashes\") | 2003 | TTVCD3305 |\n| 24 | Deeper Shades of Euphoria Volume 1 | Jay Burnett | 2003 | TTVCD3285 |\n| 25 | White Label Euphoria Level 2 | [John '00' Fleming](/wiki/John_%2700%27_Fleming \"John '00' Fleming\") | 2003 | TTVCD3327 |\n| 26 | Ireland Euphoria | Al Gibbs | 2003 | TTVCD3334 (deleted) |\n| 27 | Extreme Euphoria Volume 3 | [Lisa Lashes](/wiki/Lisa_Lashes \"Lisa Lashes\") | 2003 | TTVCD3346 |\n| 28 | 3CD Limited Edition Euphoria | [Matt Darey](/wiki/Matt_Darey \"Matt Darey\") \\& Adam White | 2003 | TTVCD3365 |\n| 29 | Extreme Euphoria Volume 4 | [Lisa Lashes](/wiki/Lisa_Lashes \"Lisa Lashes\") \\& [BK](/wiki/BK_%28musician%29 \"BK (musician)\") \\& The Tidy Boys | 2003 | TTVCD3374 |\n| 30 | Deeper Shades of Euphoria Volume 2 | Jay Burnett | 2004 | TTVCD3383 |\n\nUnusually, the last installment of the Telstar years, *Deeper Shades of Euphoria* (volume 2\\) was a co\\-release with [Virgin Records](/wiki/Virgin_Records \"Virgin Records\")/[EMI](/wiki/EMI \"EMI\"), who had been rival labels with Telstar in the past. It has been suggested Virgin and EMI helped support the album as Telstar entered closure.\n\n",
"List of *Euphoria* albums by Ministry of Sound (2004–2017\\)\n-----------------------------------------------------------\n\n| \\# | Album Name | Mixed by | Release Year | Catalog \\# |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 31 | Frantic Euphoria | [Anne Savage](/wiki/Anne_Savage_%28DJ%29 \"Anne Savage (DJ)\") \\& Cally \\& Juice | 2004 | EUPCD1 |\n| 32 | [Infinite Euphoria](/wiki/Infinite_Euphoria \"Infinite Euphoria\") | [Ferry Corsten](/wiki/Ferry_Corsten \"Ferry Corsten\") | 2004 | EUPCD3 |\n| 33 | [Extreme Euphoria Volume 5](/wiki/Extreme_Euphoria_Volume_5 \"Extreme Euphoria Volume 5\") | [BK](/wiki/BK_%28musician%29 \"BK (musician)\") | 2004 | EUPCD4 |\n| 34 | The Very Best of Tried \\& Tested Euphoria | [Judge Jules](/wiki/Judge_Jules \"Judge Jules\") | 2004 | EUPCD5 |\n| 35 | Frantic Euphoria Volume 2 | [Anne Savage](/wiki/Anne_Savage_%28DJ%29 \"Anne Savage (DJ)\") \\& Andy Whitby | 2004 | EUPCD6 |\n| 36 | [Beyond Euphoria](/wiki/Beyond_Euphoria \"Beyond Euphoria\") | [DT8 Project](/wiki/DT8_Project \"DT8 Project\") | 2005 | EUPCD7 |\n| 37 | Tidy Euphoria | [Lee Haslam](/wiki/Lee_Haslam \"Lee Haslam\") \\& The Tidy Boys \\& [Amber D](/wiki/Amber_D \"Amber D\") | 2005 | EUPCD8 |\n| 38 | Judgement Euphoria | [Judge Jules](/wiki/Judge_Jules \"Judge Jules\"), [Eddie Halliwell](/wiki/Eddie_Halliwell \"Eddie Halliwell\") \\& Trophy Twins | 2005 | EUPCD9 |\n| 39 | [The Very Best of Uplifting House Euphoria](/wiki/The_Very_Best_of_Uplifting_House_Euphoria \"The Very Best of Uplifting House Euphoria\") | Jay Burnett | 2005 | EUPCD11 |\n| 40 | The Very Best of Frantic Euphoria | [Anne Savage](/wiki/Anne_Savage_%28DJ%29 \"Anne Savage (DJ)\") \\& Andy Whitby | 2005 | EUPCD12 |\n| 41 | Classic Euphoria | Dave Turner | 2006 | EUPCD14 |\n| 42 | [Lashed Euphoria](/wiki/Lashed_Euphoria \"Lashed Euphoria\") | [Lisa Lashes](/wiki/Lisa_Lashes \"Lisa Lashes\") | 2006 | EUPCD16 |\n| 43 | Classic Euphoria Level 2 | Jay Burnett | 2006 | EUPCD17 |\n| 44 | Hardcore Euphoria | Sy \\& Unknown, [Dougal](/wiki/DJ_Dougal \"DJ Dougal\") \\& [Gammer](/wiki/Gammer \"Gammer\"), Brisk \\& Ham | 2006 | EUPCD19 |\n| 45 | Return to Ibiza Euphoria | Jay Burnett | 2007 | EUPCD20 |\n| 46 | The Very Best of Extreme Euphoria | [Lisa Lashes](/wiki/Lisa_Lashes \"Lisa Lashes\") | 2007 | EUPCD21 |\n| 47 | Psy\\-Trance Euphoria | [John '00' Fleming](/wiki/John_%2700%27_Fleming \"John '00' Fleming\") | 2008 | EUPCD22 |\n| 48 | Summer Euphoria | Airwave | 2008 | Digital download only |\n| 49 | Tech\\-Dance Euphoria | [Yoji Biomehanika](/wiki/Yoji_Biomehanika \"Yoji Biomehanika\") | 2008 | EUPCD24 |\n| 50 | Psy\\-Trance Euphoria Level 2 | [John '00' Fleming](/wiki/John_%2700%27_Fleming \"John '00' Fleming\") | 2009 | EUPCD26 |\n| 51 | Mash Up Euphoria | The Cut Up Boys | 2009 | EUPCD25 |\n| 52 | Hard Dance Awards 2009 Euphoria | Andy Whitby, [Showtek](/wiki/Showtek \"Showtek\") \\& Ed Real | 2009 | EUPCD27 |\n| 53 | Euphoria Run\\-Fit Workout | N/A | 2009 | Digital download only |\n| 54 | The Very Best of Chilled Euphoria | Jay Burnett | 2009 | EUPCD23 |\n| 55 | Euphoria Trance Awards 2009 | [Sean Tyas](/wiki/Sean_Tyas \"Sean Tyas\"), Simon Patterson \\& [Claudia Cazacu](/wiki/Claudia_Cazacu \"Claudia Cazacu\") | 2009 | EUPCD28 |\n| 56 | The History of Trance Euphoria | [John '00' Fleming](/wiki/John_%2700%27_Fleming \"John '00' Fleming\") | 2010 | EUPCD30 |\n| 57 | Hard Dance Awards 2010 Euphoria | [Kutski](/wiki/Kutski \"Kutski\"), Andy Whitby vs. Technikal \\& Ed Real | 2010 | EUPCD32 |\n| 58 | A Decade of Trance Anthems Euphoria | Jay Burnett | 2010 | EUPCD31 |\n| 59 | Euphoria 2011 | | 2011 | EUPCD33 |\n| 60 | Classic Euphoria Fitness Workout | | 2012 | Digital download only |\n| 61 | Electronic Dance Music Euphoria | | 2012 | MOSCD304 |\n| 62 | Electronic Dance Music Euphoria 2013 | | 2013 | MOSCD333 |\n| 63 | Deep House Euphoria | | 2014 | MOSCD361 |\n| 64 | Electronic Dance Music Euphoria | | 2014 | MOSCD382 |\n|\n\n 65 |\n Euphoria Classics |\n |\n 2017 |\n MOSCD494 ||\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Clubland X\\-Treme Hardcore (compilation series)](/wiki/Clubland_X-Treme_Hardcore_%28compilation_series%29 \"Clubland X-Treme Hardcore (compilation series)\")\n* [Bonkers (compilation album series)](/wiki/Bonkers_%28compilation_album_series%29 \"Bonkers (compilation album series)\")\n* [Reactivate](/wiki/Reactivate \"Reactivate\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:DJ mix album series](/wiki/Category:DJ_mix_album_series \"DJ mix album series\")\n[Category:Electronic compilation albums](/wiki/Category:Electronic_compilation_albums \"Electronic compilation albums\")\n[Category:Electronica compilation albums](/wiki/Category:Electronica_compilation_albums \"Electronica compilation albums\")\n[Category:1990s compilation albums](/wiki/Category:1990s_compilation_albums \"1990s compilation albums\")\n[Category:2000s compilation albums](/wiki/Category:2000s_compilation_albums \"2000s compilation albums\")\n[Category:2010s compilation albums](/wiki/Category:2010s_compilation_albums \"2010s compilation albums\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Tithraustes
|
{
"id": [
11042835
],
"name": [
"Ifly6"
]
}
|
7p94q21xnynuhz6g60j34oy7yqqcr3j
|
2024-02-27T22:35:56Z
| 1,195,944,165 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"Footnotes"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Tithraustes** ([Old Persian](/wiki/Old_Persian \"Old Persian\"): ; [Ancient Greek](/wiki/Ancient_Greek \"Ancient Greek\"): ) was the [Persian](/wiki/Achaemenid_Dynasty \"Achaemenid Dynasty\") [satrap](/wiki/Satrap \"Satrap\") of [Sardis](/wiki/Sardis \"Sardis\") for several years in the early 4th century BC. Due to scanty historical records, little is known of the man or his activities. He was sent out from [Susa](/wiki/Susa \"Susa\") to replace [Tissaphernes](/wiki/Tissaphernes \"Tissaphernes\") in 395 BC, and, after arresting his predecessor, executed him.\n\nTo remove the threat to his satrapy posed by the [Spartan](/wiki/Sparta \"Sparta\") army of [Agesilaus](/wiki/Agesilaus_II \"Agesilaus II\"), Tithraustes persuaded Agesilaus to march north into the satrapy of [Pharnabazus](/wiki/Pharnabazus_%285th_century_BC%29 \"Pharnabazus (5th century BC)\"), and provided him with money for the march. After this event, no further actions of his can be traced.\n\n[Xenophon](/wiki/Xenophon \"Xenophon\") states that it was Tithraustes who dispatched [Timocrates of Rhodes](/wiki/Timocrates_of_Rhodes \"Timocrates of Rhodes\") to Greece to stir up opposition to Sparta, but this seems unlikely for chronological reasons.Fine, *The Ancient Greeks*, 548\\. See also the contradictory account in the *[Hellenica Oxyrhynchia](/wiki/Hellenica_Oxyrhynchia \"Hellenica Oxyrhynchia\")*.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* Fine, John V. A. *The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History* (Harvard University Press, 1983\\) \n",
"Footnotes\n---------\n\n[Category:Achaemenid satraps of Lydia](/wiki/Category:Achaemenid_satraps_of_Lydia \"Achaemenid satraps of Lydia\")\n[Category:4th\\-century BC governors](/wiki/Category:4th-century_BC_governors \"4th-century BC governors\")\n[Category:4th\\-century BC Iranian people](/wiki/Category:4th-century_BC_Iranian_people \"4th-century BC Iranian people\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Princess Romanework
|
{
"id": [
24198
],
"name": [
"Dimadick"
]
}
|
4b3b0gvddw1c8yw5ewty02jmt3ssx4m
|
2024-02-24T09:59:27Z
| 1,209,962,616 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Patronages",
"Honours",
"Ancestry",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Princess Romanework Haile Selassie**, sometimes spelt as **Romane Work Haile Selassie** (died in [Turin](/wiki/Turin \"Turin\") on 14 October 1940\\), was the eldest child of Emperor [Haile Selassie](/wiki/Haile_Selassie \"Haile Selassie\") of Ethiopia by his first wife, *Woizero* Altayech.Mockler, Anthony, *Haile Selassie's War* (2003\\), p. xxvii*My Life and Ethiopia's Progress*, Vol. 2 (1999\\), p. 170 (translators' footnote)\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nThe English translation of the emperor's autobiography makes no mention of Princess Romanework, or the Emperor's previous marriage, although he writes in the original Amharic version his grief at learning of the death of his eldest daughter in captivity at Turin just days after his restoration to his throne following the defeat of the Italian fascist occupation. The name of Princess Romanework's mother mentioned by Mockler\\- \"*Woizero* Altayech\"\\-[Mockler](/wiki/%23Mockler \"#Mockler\"), p. xxvii. may be a nickname Princess Romanework's mother used, as the contemporary source, Blata Merse Hazen Wolde Kirkos (a prominent nobleman and important figure in both the Imperial court and within the [Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church](/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church \"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church\")), mentions Princess Romanework's mother *Woizero* Woinetu Amede as attending the wedding of her daughter to *Dejazmatch* [Beyene Merid](/wiki/Beyene_Merid \"Beyene Merid\") in his book about the years before the Italian occupation.\n\nThe Princess married Major\\-General *[Dejazmach](/wiki/Ethiopian_aristocratic_and_court_titles \"Ethiopian aristocratic and court titles\")* [Beyene Merid](/wiki/Beyene_Merid \"Beyene Merid\"), governor of [Bale](/wiki/Bale_Province%2C_Ethiopia \"Bale Province, Ethiopia\"), and they had four sons, two of whom *Dejazmach* Merid Beyene and *Dejazmach* Samson Beyene, survived to adulthood.\n\nPrincess Romanework was captured by the Italians and interned with many other noble Ethiopians on the prison island of [Asinara](/wiki/Asinara \"Asinara\"), off the coast of [Sardinia](/wiki/Sardinia \"Sardinia\")[Haile Selassie I](/wiki/Haile_Selassie \"Haile Selassie\"), *My Life and Ethiopia's Progress*, Vol. 2 (1999\\), p. 170 (translators' footnote) as one of the [Ethiopian POWs during the Second Italo\\-Ethiopian War](/wiki/Ethiopian_POWs_during_the_Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War \"Ethiopian POWs during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War\"). However, her husband Beyene Merid remained at liberty and was a leader of the resistance against the [Italian occupation of Ethiopia](/wiki/Italian_East_Africa \"Italian East Africa\") from 1936 until he too was captured, to be executed in 1937\\. Falling ill, Romanework was moved to the *[Ospedale Maggiore](/wiki/Ospedale_Maggiore \"Ospedale Maggiore\")* in [Turin](/wiki/Turin \"Turin\"), where she died on 14 October 1940, probably of [tuberculosis](/wiki/Tuberculosis \"Tuberculosis\").\n\nAfter the end of the Second World War, the Italians were asked to return Princess Romanework's body, and those of her two younger sons to Ethiopia, where they would be interred in the Imperial family's crypt in the [Holy Trinity Cathedral](/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_%28Addis_Ababa%29 \"Holy Trinity Cathedral (Addis Ababa)\") at [Addis Ababa](/wiki/Addis_Ababa \"Addis Ababa\"). However this was never actually carried out and the Princess remains buried in the Monumental Cemetery of Turin with her son Getachew. Her surviving sons were raised by her father the Emperor [Haile Selassie](/wiki/Haile_Selassie \"Haile Selassie\"), and her line is currently represented by her grandson Sebastyanos Beyene, who lives in [Abingdon](/wiki/Abingdon%2C_Oxfordshire \"Abingdon, Oxfordshire\"), [England](/wiki/England \"England\").\n\n",
"Patronages\n----------\n\n* President of the Ethiopian Women's Charitable Works Association.\n",
"Honours\n-------\n\n* [60px](/wiki/File:Order_of_The_Queen_of_Sheba_%28Ethiopia%29_ribbon.gif \"Order of The Queen of Sheba (Ethiopia) ribbon.gif\") \\- Dame Grand Cordon of the [Order of the Queen of Sheba](/wiki/Order_of_the_Queen_of_Sheba \"Order of the Queen of Sheba\") (1930\\).\n* Imperial Coronation Medal (1930\\).\n",
"Ancestry\n--------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1940 deaths](/wiki/Category:1940_deaths \"1940 deaths\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Ethiopian people](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Ethiopian_people \"20th-century Ethiopian people\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Ethiopian women](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Ethiopian_women \"20th-century Ethiopian women\")\n[Romanework](/wiki/Category:Ethiopian_Royal_Family \"Ethiopian Royal Family\")\n[Romanework](/wiki/Category:Ethiopian_princesses \"Ethiopian princesses\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing \"Year of birth missing\")\n[Category:Burials at Holy Trinity Cathedral (Addis Ababa)](/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Holy_Trinity_Cathedral_%28Addis_Ababa%29 \"Burials at Holy Trinity Cathedral (Addis Ababa)\")\n[Category:Children of Haile Selassie](/wiki/Category:Children_of_Haile_Selassie \"Children of Haile Selassie\")\n[Category:Daughters of emperors](/wiki/Category:Daughters_of_emperors \"Daughters of emperors\")\n[Category:Prisoners who died in Italian detention](/wiki/Category:Prisoners_who_died_in_Italian_detention \"Prisoners who died in Italian detention\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Survive (David Bowie song)
|
{
"id": [
9183
],
"name": [
"Usedbook"
]
}
|
02iprunjoxz2rxbjy6nu2lbvgpaegew
|
2024-06-07T23:00:12Z
| 1,153,570,563 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Writing and recording",
"Music and lyrics",
"Release",
"Reception",
"Live performances",
"Track listing",
"UK CD version 1",
"UK CD version 2",
"International CD version 1",
"International CD version 2",
"Personnel",
"Charts",
"References",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3
],
"content": [
"\n* + - * \n\n\"**Survive**\" is a song by the English musician [David Bowie](/wiki/David_Bowie \"David Bowie\") from his 1999 album *[Hours](/wiki/Hours_%28David_Bowie_album%29 \"Hours (David Bowie album)\")*. It was later released in [remixed](/wiki/Remix \"Remix\") form as the album's third single on 17 January 2000, reaching number 28 in the UK. Written by Bowie and [Reeves Gabrels](/wiki/Reeves_Gabrels \"Reeves Gabrels\"), it is a reflective number detailing the end of a relationship. Musically, it recalls the sound of Bowie's [folk rock](/wiki/Folk_rock \"Folk rock\") music of the late 1960s, and 1971's *[Hunky Dory](/wiki/Hunky_Dory \"Hunky Dory\")*. Its [music video](/wiki/Music_video \"Music video\") echoes the reflective quality of the recording, portraying Bowie levitating at a kitchen table with an egg. Praised as a highlight of *Hours*, Bowie performed \"Survive\" frequently through 1999 and 2000\\.\n\n",
"Writing and recording\n---------------------\n\n\"Survive\" was written by [David Bowie](/wiki/David_Bowie \"David Bowie\") and [Reeves Gabrels](/wiki/Reeves_Gabrels \"Reeves Gabrels\") between late 1998 and early 1999 for a proposed solo album for the latter. Unlike other tracks written for what became the *[Hours](/wiki/Hours_%28David_Bowie_album%29 \"Hours (David Bowie album)\")* album, the track was not planned for the *[Omikron: The Nomad Soul](/wiki/The_Nomad_Soul \"The Nomad Soul\")* video game. The track was also written in a more conventional style reminiscent of Bowie's mid\\-1980s works, compared to the experimental cut\\-up nature of his other 1990s recordings. Discussing the track, Bowie said \"There's something I find really authentically early seventies about the writing structure of 'Survive'.\"\n\nThe song was recorded between February and June 1999 between Looking Glass and [Chung King Studios](/wiki/Chung_King_Studios \"Chung King Studios\") in New York City. Bowie and Gabrels performed most of the instruments themselves, with [overdubs](/wiki/Overdubbing \"Overdubbing\") by bassist [Mark Plati](/wiki/Mark_Plati \"Mark Plati\") and drummer Mike Levesque. \"Survive\" was reportedly Bowie's favourite song on the album.\n\n",
"Music and lyrics\n----------------\n\nMusically, \"Survive\" recalls the sound of Bowie's [folk rock](/wiki/Folk_rock \"Folk rock\") music of the late 1960s, as well as 1971's *[Hunky Dory](/wiki/Hunky_Dory \"Hunky Dory\")*. Biographer [Nicholas Pegg](/wiki/Nicholas_Pegg \"Nicholas Pegg\") likens the lead guitar sound to 1972's \"[Starman](/wiki/Starman_%28song%29 \"Starman (song)\")\", and the \"shuffling\" drumbeat and \"stop\\-start verse melodies\" to the same year's \"[Five Years](/wiki/Five_Years_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Five Years (David Bowie song)\")\". Author James E. Perone compares its melody, arrangement, guitar lines and emotional weight to the works of principal [Moody Blues](/wiki/The_Moody_Blues \"The Moody Blues\") songwriter and lead singer [Justin Hayward](/wiki/Justin_Hayward \"Justin Hayward\"). Biographer [Marc Spitz](/wiki/Marc_Spitz \"Marc Spitz\") opined that following the [drum 'n' bass](/wiki/Drum_%27n%27_bass \"Drum 'n' bass\") stylings of *[Earthling](/wiki/Earthling_%28album%29 \"Earthling (album)\")* (1997\\), the guitar sound of \"Survive\" \"sounds refreshingly solid and wooden\". He also felt Bowie's voice was reminiscent of his old 1960s [Deram](/wiki/Deram_Records \"Deram Records\") recordings.\n\nLike fellow *Hours* track \"Something in the Air\", \"Survive\" details an ended relationship, one that, in Spitz's words, is \"haunted by regret\". Bowie's character in the song, who has ended the relationship either actively (\"I should have kept you\") or passively (\"I should have tried\"), concludes that he will survive while harbouring feelings of love, loss and regret. Similar to other tracks on the album, the song contains acknowledgement on the process of aging, and yearning to use the mistakes of the past to have a better future. According to biographer Chris O'Leary, the female character is abstract, rather \"a place\\-filler used by a sad man to stand for his loss of potential\". In an interview with *[Uncut](/wiki/Uncut_%28magazine%29 \"Uncut (magazine)\")* magazine, Bowie explained:\n\n",
"Release\n-------\n\n*Hours* was first released through Bowie's website [BowieNet](/wiki/BowieNet \"BowieNet\") on 21 September 1999, followed by an official [CD](/wiki/Compact_disc \"Compact disc\") release on 4 October through [Virgin Records](/wiki/Virgin_Records \"Virgin Records\"); it was the first album released for download through the [Internet](/wiki/Internet \"Internet\"). On *Hours*, \"Survive\" was sequenced as the third track, between \"Something in the Air\" and \"If I'm Dreaming My Life\".\n\nThe song was subsequently released as the third [single](/wiki/Single_%28music%29 \"Single (music)\") from the album on 17 January 2000 in a new [remix](/wiki/Remix \"Remix\") by English producer [Marius de Vries](/wiki/Marius_de_Vries \"Marius de Vries\"). According to O'Leary, the Vries' mix ditched most of Gabrels' guitar work in favour of new guitar parts by Brendan Gallagher of [Karma County](/wiki/Karma_County \"Karma County\"), who later said that Vries' intention was to \"reintroduce several of David Bowie's music periods into \\[the] production\", from the acoustic guitar of \"[Space Oddity](/wiki/Space_Oddity \"Space Oddity\")\" (1969\\), to [Mick Ronson](/wiki/Mick_Ronson \"Mick Ronson\")\\-type electric guitar akin to \"[The Jean Genie](/wiki/The_Jean_Genie \"The Jean Genie\")\" (1972\\) and the guitar work of *[Lodger](/wiki/Lodger_%28album%29 \"Lodger (album)\")* (1979\\) guitarist [Adrian Belew](/wiki/Adrian_Belew \"Adrian Belew\"). Released through [Virgin Records](/wiki/Virgin_Records \"Virgin Records\") and featuring the album cut and the \"*[Stigmata](/wiki/Stigmata_%28film%29 \"Stigmata (film)\")* film version\" of \"[The Pretty Things Are Going to Hell](/wiki/The_Pretty_Things_Are_Going_to_Hell \"The Pretty Things Are Going to Hell\")\" as the [B\\-sides](/wiki/A-side_and_B-side \"A-side and B-side\"), the single reached number 28 in the UK.\n\nThe [music video](/wiki/Music_video \"Music video\") for \"Survive\", directed by [Walter Stern](/wiki/Walter_Stern_%28director%29 \"Walter Stern (director)\") and shot in London, features Bowie sitting alone at a table waiting for an egg to boil before he, the egg, table and chair start to levitate; by the end, everything has returned to normal. According to Pegg, the video echoes the reflective quality of the recording and has subtle hints to Bowie's past work, such as the anti\\-gravity and kitchen scenes in \"[Ashes to Ashes](/wiki/Ashes_to_Ashes_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Ashes to Ashes (David Bowie song)\")\" (1980\\). \n\nThe first CD single contained a PC\\-playable version of the video. The second featured a live rendition and accompanying video recorded in Paris on 14 October 1999; both videos later appeared on the *[Best of Bowie](/wiki/Best_of_Bowie \"Best of Bowie\")* DVD (2002\\). The Vries' mix was later included in the soundtrack of *Omikron: The Nomad Soul*, on the 2004 reissued *Hours* bonus disc, the 2014 three\\-disc edition of *[Nothing Has Changed](/wiki/Nothing_Has_Changed \"Nothing Has Changed\")* and on *Re:Call 5*, part of the *[Brilliant Adventure (1992–2001\\)](/wiki/Brilliant_Adventure_%281992%E2%80%932001%29 \"Brilliant Adventure (1992–2001)\")* [box set](/wiki/Box_set \"Box set\") in 2022\\.\n\n### Reception\n\n\"Survive\" has received praise from critics and biographers and is acknowledged as a highlight of the *Hours* album. Author [Paul Trynka](/wiki/Paul_Trynka \"Paul Trynka\") calls the song \"a gem, simple and unaffected, almost *[Scary Monsters](/wiki/Scary_Monsters_%28and_Super_Creeps%29 \"Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)\")* in vibe without any of the overcomplexity and overthinking that seemed synonymous with 1990s Bowie.\" In *The Words and Music of David Bowie*, Perone considered the song \"effective\" and the \"product of a master songwriter who knows what connects with an audience and what can lose an audience\". Pegg argues \"Survive\" is one of the \"most beautiful\" melodies Bowie ever wrote, concluding that it is \"a complex, compassionate achievement and undoubtedly one of Bowie's finest songs of the 1990s\". More negatively, *[Ultimate Classic Rock](/wiki/Ultimate_Classic_Rock \"Ultimate Classic Rock\")* placed the single at number 98 (out of 119\\) in a list ranking every Bowie single from worst to best in 2016\\.\n\n",
"### Reception\n\n\"Survive\" has received praise from critics and biographers and is acknowledged as a highlight of the *Hours* album. Author [Paul Trynka](/wiki/Paul_Trynka \"Paul Trynka\") calls the song \"a gem, simple and unaffected, almost *[Scary Monsters](/wiki/Scary_Monsters_%28and_Super_Creeps%29 \"Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)\")* in vibe without any of the overcomplexity and overthinking that seemed synonymous with 1990s Bowie.\" In *The Words and Music of David Bowie*, Perone considered the song \"effective\" and the \"product of a master songwriter who knows what connects with an audience and what can lose an audience\". Pegg argues \"Survive\" is one of the \"most beautiful\" melodies Bowie ever wrote, concluding that it is \"a complex, compassionate achievement and undoubtedly one of Bowie's finest songs of the 1990s\". More negatively, *[Ultimate Classic Rock](/wiki/Ultimate_Classic_Rock \"Ultimate Classic Rock\")* placed the single at number 98 (out of 119\\) in a list ranking every Bowie single from worst to best in 2016\\.\n\n",
"Live performances\n-----------------\n\n\"Survive\" was performed throughout the 1999 [Hours Tour](/wiki/Hours_Tour \"Hours Tour\") and 2000 [summer shows](/wiki/Mini_Tour_%28David_Bowie%29 \"Mini Tour (David Bowie)\"), and again on the 2002 [Heathen Tour](/wiki/Heathen_Tour \"Heathen Tour\"). It also made appearances on several television programmes, including on Channel 4's *TFI Friday* on 8 October 1999 and on BBC2's *TOTP2* special on 3 November. Three more renditions were filmed at the BBC's Maida Vale studios on 25 October for broadcast on various radio stations. Another version was recorded at London's [BBC Radio Theatre](/wiki/BBC_Radio_Theatre \"BBC Radio Theatre\") on 27 June 2000, which was later released on the bonus disc of *[Bowie at the Beeb](/wiki/Bowie_at_the_Beeb \"Bowie at the Beeb\")* (2000\\); the full concert later appeared on *Brilliant Adventure (1992–2001\\)* box set. \"Survive\" appeared in another BBC radio session dated 18 September 2002\\. Bowie's performance of the song for [VH1](/wiki/VH1 \"VH1\")'s *[Storytellers](/wiki/VH1_Storytellers \"VH1 Storytellers\")* series was later released in 2019 in the expanded edition of *[VH1 Storytellers](/wiki/VH1_Storytellers_%28David_Bowie_album%29 \"VH1 Storytellers (David Bowie album)\")* (2009\\).\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\n### UK CD version 1\n\n1. \"Survive ([Marius De Vries](/wiki/Marius_De_Vries \"Marius De Vries\") mix)\" – 4:18\n2. \"Survive (Album version)\" – 4:11\n3. \"The Pretty Things Are Going to Hell\" (*[Stigmata](/wiki/Stigmata_%28film%29 \"Stigmata (film)\")* soundtrack version)\n\nThis version also includes the full length \"Survive\" video in QuickTime format.\n\n### UK CD version 2\n\n1. \"Survive (live)\" – 4:11\n2. \"[Thursday's Child](/wiki/Thursday%27s_Child_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Thursday's Child (David Bowie song)\") (live)\" – 5:37\n3. \"[Seven](/wiki/Seven_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Seven (David Bowie song)\") (live)\" – 4:06\nThis version also includes a full length video in QuickTime format of the live version of \"Survive\". All tracks are from the [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") [Elysée Montmartre show](/wiki/The_%27hours...%27_Tour \"The 'hours...' Tour\") on 13 October 1999\\.\n\n### International CD version 1\n\n1. \"Survive ([Marius De Vries](/wiki/Marius_De_Vries \"Marius De Vries\") mix)\" – 4:18\n2. \"Survive (Album version)\" – 4:11\n\n### International CD version 2\n\n1. \"Survive ([Marius De Vries](/wiki/Marius_De_Vries \"Marius De Vries\") mix)\" – 4:18\n2. \"Survive (Album version)\" – 4:11\n3. \"[Thursday's Child](/wiki/Thursday%27s_Child_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Thursday's Child (David Bowie song)\") (live)\" – 5:37\n4. \"[Seven](/wiki/Seven_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Seven (David Bowie song)\") (live)\" – 4:06\n\nA promo version and a 7\" vinyl version with the same track list as the \"International CD version 1\" was also released.\n\n",
"### UK CD version 1\n\n1. \"Survive ([Marius De Vries](/wiki/Marius_De_Vries \"Marius De Vries\") mix)\" – 4:18\n2. \"Survive (Album version)\" – 4:11\n3. \"The Pretty Things Are Going to Hell\" (*[Stigmata](/wiki/Stigmata_%28film%29 \"Stigmata (film)\")* soundtrack version)\n\nThis version also includes the full length \"Survive\" video in QuickTime format.\n\n",
"### UK CD version 2\n\n1. \"Survive (live)\" – 4:11\n2. \"[Thursday's Child](/wiki/Thursday%27s_Child_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Thursday's Child (David Bowie song)\") (live)\" – 5:37\n3. \"[Seven](/wiki/Seven_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Seven (David Bowie song)\") (live)\" – 4:06\nThis version also includes a full length video in QuickTime format of the live version of \"Survive\". All tracks are from the [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") [Elysée Montmartre show](/wiki/The_%27hours...%27_Tour \"The 'hours...' Tour\") on 13 October 1999\\.\n",
"### International CD version 1\n\n1. \"Survive ([Marius De Vries](/wiki/Marius_De_Vries \"Marius De Vries\") mix)\" – 4:18\n2. \"Survive (Album version)\" – 4:11\n",
"### International CD version 2\n\n1. \"Survive ([Marius De Vries](/wiki/Marius_De_Vries \"Marius De Vries\") mix)\" – 4:18\n2. \"Survive (Album version)\" – 4:11\n3. \"[Thursday's Child](/wiki/Thursday%27s_Child_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Thursday's Child (David Bowie song)\") (live)\" – 5:37\n4. \"[Seven](/wiki/Seven_%28David_Bowie_song%29 \"Seven (David Bowie song)\") (live)\" – 4:06\n\nA promo version and a 7\" vinyl version with the same track list as the \"International CD version 1\" was also released.\n\n",
"Personnel\n---------\n\nAccording to Chris O'Leary:\n* [David Bowie](/wiki/David_Bowie \"David Bowie\") – lead and backing vocal, [keyboards](/wiki/Keyboard_instrument \"Keyboard instrument\"), [twelve\\-string acoustic guitar](/wiki/Twelve-string_guitar \"Twelve-string guitar\"), Roland TR\\-707\n* [Reeves Gabrels](/wiki/Reeves_Gabrels \"Reeves Gabrels\") – lead and rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, [synthesiser](/wiki/Synthesizer \"Synthesizer\"), drum programming\n* [Mark Plati](/wiki/Mark_Plati \"Mark Plati\") – bass, [Mellotron](/wiki/Mellotron \"Mellotron\")\n* Mike Levesque – drums\n* Brendan Gallagher – guitar on \"Marius De Vries mix\"\n\n**Technical**\n* David Bowie – producer\n* Reeves Gabrels – producer\n* Kevin Paul – engineer\n\n",
"Charts\n------\n\n| Chart | Peak position |\n| --- | --- |\n|\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n### Sources\n\n[Category:1999 songs](/wiki/Category:1999_songs \"1999 songs\")\n[Category:2000 singles](/wiki/Category:2000_singles \"2000 singles\")\n[Category:David Bowie songs](/wiki/Category:David_Bowie_songs \"David Bowie songs\")\n[Category:Songs written by David Bowie](/wiki/Category:Songs_written_by_David_Bowie \"Songs written by David Bowie\")\n[Category:Songs written by Reeves Gabrels](/wiki/Category:Songs_written_by_Reeves_Gabrels \"Songs written by Reeves Gabrels\")\n\n",
"### Sources\n\n[Category:1999 songs](/wiki/Category:1999_songs \"1999 songs\")\n[Category:2000 singles](/wiki/Category:2000_singles \"2000 singles\")\n[Category:David Bowie songs](/wiki/Category:David_Bowie_songs \"David Bowie songs\")\n[Category:Songs written by David Bowie](/wiki/Category:Songs_written_by_David_Bowie \"Songs written by David Bowie\")\n[Category:Songs written by Reeves Gabrels](/wiki/Category:Songs_written_by_Reeves_Gabrels \"Songs written by Reeves Gabrels\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Dallas Adams
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
hny9daytesikp0jxw9soqxek9m3o9jt
|
2024-09-23T13:30:19Z
| 1,223,043,703 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Partial filmography",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Dallas Roland Adams** (17 February 1947 – 29 August 1991\\) was an English actor noted for his [television](/wiki/Television \"Television\") performances.\n\nHis television credits include *[Strange Report](/wiki/Strange_Report \"Strange Report\")*, *[Thriller](/wiki/Thriller_%28British_TV_series%29 \"Thriller (British TV series)\")*, *[Space: 1999](/wiki/Space:1999 \"1999\")*, *[Bergerac](/wiki/Bergerac_%28TV_series%29 \"Bergerac (TV series)\")*, *[Doctor Who](/wiki/Doctor_Who \"Doctor Who\")* (in the serial *[Planet of Fire](/wiki/Planet_of_Fire \"Planet of Fire\")*), *[Robin of Sherwood](/wiki/Robin_of_Sherwood \"Robin of Sherwood\")* and *[Agatha Christie's Poirot](/wiki/Agatha_Christie%27s_Poirot \"Agatha Christie's Poirot\")*, and his film credits include *[A Midsummer Night's Dream](/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream_%281968_film%29 \"A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)\")* (1968\\), *[The Abominable Dr. Phibes](/wiki/The_Abominable_Dr._Phibes \"The Abominable Dr. Phibes\")* (1971\\), *[Frankenstein: The True Story](/wiki/Frankenstein:The_True_Story \"The True Story\")* (1973\\), *[From Beyond the Grave](/wiki/From_Beyond_the_Grave \"From Beyond the Grave\")* (1974\\), *[Gulag](/wiki/Gulag_%28film%29 \"Gulag (film)\")* (1985\\) and *[King Ralph](/wiki/King_Ralph \"King Ralph\")* (1991\\).\n\nAdams, who started his career with the [Royal Shakespeare Company](/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company \"Royal Shakespeare Company\") in [Stratford\\-upon\\-Avon](/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon \"Stratford-upon-Avon\") in 1968 was also a [painter](/wiki/Painting \"Painting\") and a [playwright](/wiki/Playwright \"Playwright\"). His working\\-class family (his mother worked as a cleaner , and his father Alec as a taxi driver ) moved from Islington to the L.C.C. Estate at South Oxhey near Watford in the 1950s , where they lived in Little Oxhey Lane.\n\nAccording to the audio memoirs of [John Nathan\\-Turner](/wiki/John_Nathan-Turner \"John Nathan-Turner\"), in the early 1980s, Adams was the largest gay [palimony](/wiki/Palimony \"Palimony\") lawsuit winner in English legal history, and his casting in *Doctor Who* had been criticised by [homophobic](/wiki/Homophobia \"Homophobia\") elements in the British tabloid press.[The John Nathan\\-Turner Memoirs: Volume 2](http://www.timelash.com/tardis/display.asp?1225) He died in [Camden](/wiki/London_Borough_of_Camden \"London Borough of Camden\"), London in 1991 of [AIDS](/wiki/HIV/AIDS \"HIV/AIDS\"), aged 44\\.\n\n",
"Partial filmography\n-------------------\n\n* *[A Midsummer Night's Dream](/wiki/A_Midsummer_Night%27s_Dream_%281968_film%29 \"A Midsummer Night's Dream (1968 film)\")* (1968\\) – Attendant\n* *[The Abominable Dr. Phibes](/wiki/The_Abominable_Dr._Phibes \"The Abominable Dr. Phibes\")* (1971\\) – 2nd Police Official\n* *[Frankenstein: The True Story](/wiki/Frankenstein:The_True_Story \"The True Story\")* (1973\\) – Felix\n* *[From Beyond the Grave](/wiki/From_Beyond_the_Grave \"From Beyond the Grave\")* (1974\\) – 2nd young male new flat owner (segment 1 \"The Gate Crasher\") (uncredited)\n* *[Space: 1999](/wiki/Space:1999 \"1999\")* (1976\\) – Episode: \"[The Lambda Factor](/wiki/The_Lambda_Factor \"The Lambda Factor\")\"\n* *[Gulag](/wiki/Gulag_%28film%29 \"Gulag (film)\")* (1985\\) – Pearson\n* *[King Ralph](/wiki/King_Ralph \"King Ralph\")* (1991\\) – MC at Strip Club (final film role)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Dallas Adams](https://theatricalia.com/person/3jc/dallas-adams) at Theatricalia\n\n[Category:1947 births](/wiki/Category:1947_births \"1947 births\")\n[Category:1991 deaths](/wiki/Category:1991_deaths \"1991 deaths\")\n[Category:20th\\-century English male actors](/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_male_actors \"20th-century English male actors\")\n[Category:Actors from the London Borough of Islington](/wiki/Category:Actors_from_the_London_Borough_of_Islington \"Actors from the London Borough of Islington\")\n[Category:AIDS\\-related deaths in England](/wiki/Category:AIDS-related_deaths_in_England \"AIDS-related deaths in England\")\n[Category:English gay actors](/wiki/Category:English_gay_actors \"English gay actors\")\n[Category:English male film actors](/wiki/Category:English_male_film_actors \"English male film actors\")\n[Category:English male television actors](/wiki/Category:English_male_television_actors \"English male television actors\")\n[Category:LGBTQ people from London](/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_people_from_London \"LGBTQ people from London\")\n[Category:Male actors from London](/wiki/Category:Male_actors_from_London \"Male actors from London\")\n[Category:People from Islington (district)](/wiki/Category:People_from_Islington_%28district%29 \"People from Islington (district)\")\n[Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members](/wiki/Category:Royal_Shakespeare_Company_members \"Royal Shakespeare Company members\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Bowling This Month
|
{
"id": [
43252809
],
"name": [
"Wiiformii"
]
}
|
dx41rqy0os927g0ni49uk0vbbhcaiiv
|
2024-04-12T03:34:59Z
| 1,051,429,228 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Bowling This Month*** was a [Ten\\-pin bowling](/wiki/Ten-pin_bowling \"Ten-pin bowling\") [magazine](/wiki/Magazine \"Magazine\") which was started in 1994\\. Its [official](/wiki/Official \"Official\") statement says that *if you're serious about bowling and you want to improve your scoring, you need the most up\\-to\\-date [technical](/wiki/Technology \"Technology\") information available on subjects ranging from advanced technique through lane play to balls and ball motion. Each month* Bowling This Month *delivered the comprehensive information and instruction to help you bowl better, whether you average 180 or 230\\. Topics included: comprehensive new equipment reviews, [lane play](/wiki/Lane_play \"Lane play\"), ball motion and reaction, tips to improve [mechanics](/wiki/Mechanics \"Mechanics\"), mental conditioning, [physical conditioning](/wiki/Physical_conditioning \"Physical conditioning\"), and an updated ball comparison chart.*\n\nThe publisher of *Bowling This Month* was BTM Digital Media, LLC. The headquarters was in [Monroe, Ohio](/wiki/Monroe%2C_Ohio \"Monroe, Ohio\"). The magazine stopped its print edition in October 2013, being sold and becoming digital\\-only.[To our subscribers](http://bowlingthismonth.com/pubdocs/subscriberwebshutdownmessage.pdf) \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official Bowling This Month website](http://www.bowlingthismonth.com)\n* [BowlersHQ: Information on Bowling Balls, Bowling Bags, Bowling Shoes and Accessories](http://www.bowlershq.com)\n* [Bowling Statistics and Analysis](https://web.archive.org/web/20071012163822/http://esotea.com/)\n\n[Category:1994 establishments in Ohio](/wiki/Category:1994_establishments_in_Ohio \"1994 establishments in Ohio\")\n[Category:2013 disestablishments in Ohio](/wiki/Category:2013_disestablishments_in_Ohio \"2013 disestablishments in Ohio\")\n[Category:Defunct magazines published in the United States](/wiki/Category:Defunct_magazines_published_in_the_United_States \"Defunct magazines published in the United States\")\n[Category:Magazines established in 1994](/wiki/Category:Magazines_established_in_1994 \"Magazines established in 1994\")\n[Category:Magazines disestablished in 2013](/wiki/Category:Magazines_disestablished_in_2013 \"Magazines disestablished in 2013\")\n[Category:Magazines published in Cincinnati](/wiki/Category:Magazines_published_in_Cincinnati \"Magazines published in Cincinnati\")\n[Category:Online magazines published in the United States](/wiki/Category:Online_magazines_published_in_the_United_States \"Online magazines published in the United States\")\n[Category:Online magazines with defunct print editions](/wiki/Category:Online_magazines_with_defunct_print_editions \"Online magazines with defunct print editions\")\n[Category:Sports magazines published in the United States](/wiki/Category:Sports_magazines_published_in_the_United_States \"Sports magazines published in the United States\")\n[Category:Ten\\-pin bowling magazines](/wiki/Category:Ten-pin_bowling_magazines \"Ten-pin bowling magazines\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Marsham
|
{
"id": [
86247
],
"name": [
"Xezbeth"
]
}
|
8f5hu3xfswn9jtqtkduer0b1pdzwm4y
|
2013-06-10T08:49:46Z
| 559,198,534 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Marsham",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"**Marsham** may refer to:\n\n* [Marsham (surname)](/wiki/Marsham_%28surname%29 \"Marsham (surname)\")\n* [Marsham, Norfolk](/wiki/Marsham%2C_Norfolk \"Marsham, Norfolk\"), an English village\n* Rabbi [Sholom Mordechai Schwadron](/wiki/Sholom_Mordechai_Schwadron \"Sholom Mordechai Schwadron\") known by the acronym \"Marsham\" which is the Hebrew abbreviation of the initials *M*oreinu *R*av *S*holom *M*ordechai)\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Marsham Street](/wiki/Marsham_Street \"Marsham Street\"), street in Westminster, London, England\n\n"
]
}
|
Posterior auricular vein
|
{
"id": [
45963401
],
"name": [
"Autisticeditor 20"
]
}
|
1ueb1r7vkhtawfcuo8r9r2vp2lwb8lr
|
2024-02-11T16:53:46Z
| 1,139,039,066 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Structure",
"Variation",
"Clinical significance",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **posterior auricular vein** is a [vein](/wiki/Vein \"Vein\") of the [head](/wiki/Head \"Head\"). It begins from a plexus with the [occipital vein](/wiki/Occipital_vein \"Occipital vein\") and the [superficial temporal vein](/wiki/Superficial_temporal_vein \"Superficial temporal vein\"), descends behind the [auricle](/wiki/Auricle_%28anatomy%29 \"Auricle (anatomy)\"), and drains into the [external jugular vein](/wiki/External_jugular_vein \"External jugular vein\").\n\n",
"Structure\n---------\n\nThe posterior auricular vein begins upon the side of the head, in a [plexus](/wiki/Plexus \"Plexus\") which communicates with the tributaries of the [occipital vein](/wiki/Occipital_vein \"Occipital vein\") and the [superficial temporal vein](/wiki/Superficial_temporal_vein \"Superficial temporal vein\"). It descends behind the [auricle](/wiki/Auricle_%28anatomy%29 \"Auricle (anatomy)\"). It joins the posterior division of the [retromandibular vein](/wiki/Retromandibular_vein \"Retromandibular vein\"). It drains into the [external jugular vein](/wiki/External_jugular_vein \"External jugular vein\").\n\nIt receive the [stylomastoid vein](/wiki/Stylomastoid_vein \"Stylomastoid vein\"), and some tributaries from the cranial surface of the auricle.\n\n### Variation\n\nThe posterior auricular vein may drain into the [internal jugular vein](/wiki/Internal_jugular_vein \"Internal jugular vein\") or a posterior jugular vein if there are variations in the [external jugular vein](/wiki/External_jugular_vein \"External jugular vein\").\n\n",
"### Variation\n\nThe posterior auricular vein may drain into the [internal jugular vein](/wiki/Internal_jugular_vein \"Internal jugular vein\") or a posterior jugular vein if there are variations in the [external jugular vein](/wiki/External_jugular_vein \"External jugular vein\").\n\n",
"Clinical significance\n---------------------\n\nSkin from the auriculomastoid region of the head may be grafted as a flap, keeping the posterior auricular vein with it.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* ()\n\n[Category:Veins of the head and neck](/wiki/Category:Veins_of_the_head_and_neck \"Veins of the head and neck\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Margaret Lake
|
{
"id": [
23415714
],
"name": [
"Taivorist"
]
}
|
0ls5p538c7a21rd5o8qp6g5c5d8orau
|
2023-03-13T16:48:37Z
| 1,085,162,581 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Margaret Lake",
"People"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"**Margaret Lake** could refer to:\n\n* [Lake Margaret (Tasmania)](/wiki/Lake_Margaret_%28Tasmania%29 \"Lake Margaret (Tasmania)\"), a lake in Australia\n* [Margaret Lake, Alberta](/wiki/Margaret_Lake%2C_Alberta \"Margaret Lake, Alberta\"), location of the [Margaret Lake Airport](/wiki/Margaret_Lake_Airport \"Margaret Lake Airport\")\n* [Margaret Lake, Manitoba](/wiki/Margaret_Lake%2C_Manitoba \"Margaret Lake, Manitoba\"), a lake on the [Winnipeg River](/wiki/Winnipeg_River \"Winnipeg River\")\n* [Margaret Lake (Glacier County, Montana)](/wiki/Margaret_Lake_%28Glacier_County%2C_Montana%29 \"Margaret Lake (Glacier County, Montana)\")\n* [Margaret Lake (Kittitas County, Washington)](/wiki/Margaret_Lake_%28Kittitas_County%2C_Washington%29 \"Margaret Lake (Kittitas County, Washington)\")\n",
"People\n------\n\n* Margaret Lake, real name of astrologer [Mystic Meg](/wiki/Mystic_Meg \"Mystic Meg\") (1942–2023\\)\n* [Maʻiki Aiu Lake](/wiki/Ma%CA%BBiki_Aiu_Lake \"Maʻiki Aiu Lake\") (1925–1984\\), a hula dancer and influential figure in the second Hawaiian Renaissance\n\n"
]
}
|
Wiedingharde
|
{
"id": [
1113444
],
"name": [
"Broc"
]
}
|
krn2watjvajst78aumg6c9crmxqnvw7
|
2024-02-04T15:20:52Z
| 1,203,285,510 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Wiedingharde** ([Wiedingharde North Frisian](/wiki/Wiedingharde_Frisian \"Wiedingharde Frisian\"): *Wiringhiird*) was an *[amt](/wiki/Amt_%28subnational_entity%29 \"Amt (subnational entity)\")* (collective municipality) in the district of [Nordfriesland](/wiki/Nordfriesland \"Nordfriesland\"), in [Schleswig\\-Holstein](/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein \"Schleswig-Holstein\"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\"). It was situated on the [North Sea](/wiki/North_Sea \"North Sea\") coast and on the border with [Denmark](/wiki/Denmark \"Denmark\"). Its seat was in Neukirchen (*Naisjösbel*). \n\nIn January 2008, it was merged with the *Ämter* [Karrharde](/wiki/Karrharde \"Karrharde\"), [Süderlügum](/wiki/S%C3%BCderl%C3%BCgum_%28Amt%29 \"Süderlügum (Amt)\") and [Bökingharde](/wiki/B%C3%B6kingharde \"Bökingharde\"), and the municipalities [Niebüll](/wiki/Nieb%C3%BCll \"Niebüll\") and [Leck](/wiki/Leck%2C_Nordfriesland \"Leck, Nordfriesland\") to form the *Amt* [Südtondern](/wiki/S%C3%BCdtondern \"Südtondern\").\n\nThe *amt* of Wiedingharde consisted of these municipalities (population in parentheses):\n\n* [Aventoft](/wiki/Aventoft \"Aventoft\") (508\\)\n* [Emmelsbüll\\-Horsbüll](/wiki/Emmelsb%C3%BCll-Horsb%C3%BCll \"Emmelsbüll-Horsbüll\") (1056\\)\n* [Friedrich\\-Wilhelm\\-Lübke\\-Koog](/wiki/Friedrich-Wilhelm-L%C3%BCbke-Koog \"Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog\") (165\\)\n* [Klanxbüll](/wiki/Klanxb%C3%BCll \"Klanxbüll\") (941\\)\n* [Neukirchen](/wiki/Neukirchen%2C_Nordfriesland \"Neukirchen, Nordfriesland\") (1315\\)\n* [Rodenäs](/wiki/Roden%C3%A4s \"Rodenäs\") (452\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Former Ämter in Schleswig\\-Holstein](/wiki/Category:Former_%C3%84mter_in_Schleswig-Holstein \"Former Ämter in Schleswig-Holstein\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Mary Maxwell Gates
|
{
"id": [
47540477
],
"name": [
"LetMeEnterMyUsername!"
]
}
|
hkqg9mejjg1op8e56ukycd2p4ak9qp2
|
2024-06-07T19:43:39Z
| 1,222,624,344 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Personal life",
"Career",
"Death",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Mary Ann Gates** (; July 5, 1929 – June 10, 1994\\) was an American banker, civic activist, non\\-profit executive, and schoolteacher. She was the first female president of [King County's](/wiki/King_County%2C_Washington \"King County, Washington\") [United Way](/wiki/United_Way \"United Way\"), the first woman to chair the national United Way’s executive committee where she served most notably with [IBM](/wiki/IBM \"IBM\")'s CEO, [John Opel](/wiki/John_Opel \"John Opel\"), and the first woman on the [First Interstate Bank](/wiki/First_Interstate_Bancorp \"First Interstate Bancorp\") of Washington's [board of directors](/wiki/Board_of_directors \"Board of directors\").\n\nShe served on the boards of various major corporations including the First Interstate Bank, [Unigard](/wiki/General_Casualty_Insurance \"General Casualty Insurance\") Security Insurance Group, and [Pacific Northwest Bell](/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Bell \"Pacific Northwest Bell\"). She also served for 18 years (1975–1993\\) on the [University of Washington](/wiki/University_of_Washington \"University of Washington\")'s [board of regents](/wiki/Board_of_regents \"Board of regents\"). She was the mother of [Bill Gates](/wiki/Bill_Gates \"Bill Gates\"), the co\\-founder of [Microsoft](/wiki/Microsoft \"Microsoft\").\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nMary Ann Maxwell was born in [Seattle](/wiki/Seattle \"Seattle\"), [Washington](/wiki/Washington_%28state%29 \"Washington (state)\") on July 5, 1929, to James Willard Maxwell ([Nebraska](/wiki/Nebraska \"Nebraska\"), 1901–1960\\), a [banker](/wiki/Banker \"Banker\"), and his wife, whom he married in c. 1927, Adele Thompson (c. 1903–1987, probably born in [Enumclaw](/wiki/Enumclaw \"Enumclaw\"), Washington).[Ancestry of Bill Gates](http://www.wargs.com/other/gates.html) . wargs.com Her paternal grandfather, James Willard Maxwell (1864–1951\\), was president of the National City Bank in Seattle from 1911 to 1929 and a director of the [Seattle branch](/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_San_Francisco_Seattle_Branch \"Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Seattle Branch\") of the [Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco](/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_San_Francisco \"Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco\").\n\nShe graduated from Seattle's [Roosevelt High School](/wiki/Roosevelt_High_School_%28Seattle%29 \"Roosevelt High School (Seattle)\") and then attended the nearby [University of Washington](/wiki/University_of_Washington \"University of Washington\"), where she received a degree in education in 1950\\. She married [UW law](/wiki/University_of_Washington_School_of_Law \"University of Washington School of Law\") graduate [William H. Gates, Sr.](/wiki/William_H._Gates%2C_Sr. \"William H. Gates, Sr.\") in 1951, and she taught school in the early 1950s. After her husband co\\-founded the law practice that became [Preston Gates \\& Ellis](/wiki/Preston_Gates_%26_Ellis \"Preston Gates & Ellis\") in Seattle, Gates turned to a variety of civic activities. Gates' volunteer roles in Seattle and King County included serving on the boards of the Children's Hospital Foundation, [Seattle Symphony](/wiki/Seattle_Symphony \"Seattle Symphony\"), Greater Seattle Chamber of Commerce, United Way of King County, and many other nonprofit organizations. She served as President of the [Junior League](/wiki/Junior_League \"Junior League\") of Seattle from 1966 to 1967\\.\n\nShe had three children, one of whom is [Microsoft](/wiki/Microsoft \"Microsoft\") co\\-founder [Bill Gates](/wiki/Bill_Gates \"Bill Gates\").\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nIn 1975, Governor [Daniel J. Evans](/wiki/Daniel_J._Evans \"Daniel J. Evans\") appointed Gates to the board of regents for her alma mater, where she led the movement on the board to divest the [University of Washington](/wiki/University_of_Washington \"University of Washington\")'s holdings in [South Africa](/wiki/South_Africa \"South Africa\") to protest [apartheid](/wiki/Apartheid \"Apartheid\"). In addition, Gates served on the UW Foundation Board of Directors, the UW Medical Center Board, and the UW School of Business Administration's Advisory Board.\n\nGates also served for many years on the boards of several major corporations: [First Interstate Bank](/wiki/First_Interstate_Bancorp \"First Interstate Bancorp\") of Washington; [Unigard](/wiki/General_Casualty_Insurance \"General Casualty Insurance\") Security Insurance Group; [Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company](/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Bell \"Pacific Northwest Bell\"), which became [USWEST Communications](/wiki/US_West \"US West\"); and [KIRO](/wiki/KIRO-TV \"KIRO-TV\") Incorporated.\n\nBeyond the Seattle area, Gates was appointed to the board of directors of the national [United Way](/wiki/United_Way \"United Way\") in 1980, becoming the first woman to lead it in 1983\\. Her tenure on the national board's executive committee is believed to have helped Microsoft, based in Seattle, at a crucial time. In 1980, she discussed her son's company with [John Opel](/wiki/John_Opel \"John Opel\"), a fellow committee member, and the chairman of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). Opel, by some accounts, mentioned Mrs. Gates to other IBM executives. A few weeks later, IBM took a chance by hiring Microsoft, then a small software firm, to develop an operating system for its first personal computer.\n\n",
"Death\n-----\n\nGates died at age 64 on June 10, 1994, at her home in the [Laurelhurst](/wiki/Laurelhurst%2C_Seattle \"Laurelhurst, Seattle\") neighborhood of Seattle after suffering from [breast cancer](/wiki/Breast_cancer \"Breast cancer\") for several months.[Mary Maxwell Gates dies on June 10, 1994\\.](http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=2296) Since then, her family has established two endowments in her name at the University of Washington. The UW's Mary Gates Hall is named in her honor and houses the UW's Undergraduate Academic Affairs, the Office of Minority Affairs \\& Diversity, the Career Center, and the [Information School](/wiki/University_of_Washington_Information_School \"University of Washington Information School\"). A street on the northeast section of campus, formerly Union Bay Place, is named for her.\n\nFollowing her death, it was disclosed that she was the target of a [kidnapping](/wiki/Kidnapping \"Kidnapping\") attempt several years earlier.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Portrait of Mary Gates by Margaret Holland Sargent commissioned for the University of Washington](https://web.archive.org/web/20060908025740/http://www.sargentportraits.com/home/gates.htm)\n* [Junior League of Seattle](http://www.jrleagueseattle.org)\n* [University of Washington](https://web.archive.org/web/20160818155131/http://www.washington.edu/uaa/leading/mary-maxwell-gates/) – Mary Maxwell Gates\n* [Essay on Mary Gates and Family](http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7188) at [HistoryLink, the online encyclopedia of Washington State history.](http://www.historylink.org)\n* [Mary Gates Hall](http://www.washington.edu/uaa/mghall.html)\n\n[Category:1929 births](/wiki/Category:1929_births \"1929 births\")\n[Category:1994 deaths](/wiki/Category:1994_deaths \"1994 deaths\")\n[Category:20th\\-century American educators](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_educators \"20th-century American educators\")\n[Category:American schoolteachers](/wiki/Category:American_schoolteachers \"American schoolteachers\")\n[Category:American philanthropists](/wiki/Category:American_philanthropists \"American philanthropists\")\n[Category:American women in business](/wiki/Category:American_women_in_business \"American women in business\")\n[Category:Businesspeople from Seattle](/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Seattle \"Businesspeople from Seattle\")\n[Category:Deaths from breast cancer in Washington (state)](/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_breast_cancer_in_Washington_%28state%29 \"Deaths from breast cancer in Washington (state)\")\n[Category:Educators from Washington (state)](/wiki/Category:Educators_from_Washington_%28state%29 \"Educators from Washington (state)\")\n[Category:Gates family](/wiki/Category:Gates_family \"Gates family\")\n[Category:Regents of the University of Washington](/wiki/Category:Regents_of_the_University_of_Washington \"Regents of the University of Washington\")\n[Category:United Ways people](/wiki/Category:United_Ways_people \"United Ways people\")\n[Category:University of Washington College of Education alumni](/wiki/Category:University_of_Washington_College_of_Education_alumni \"University of Washington College of Education alumni\")\n\n"
]
}
|
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