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Oswego High School (New York)	{ "id": [ 43240415 ], "name": [ "GuardianH" ] }	384burgc4qsqolb5xvyq20jxd6f7t8r	2024-06-22T04:58:55Z	1,220,964,810	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Extracurricular activities", "Athletics", "''The Paradox''", "''The Buccaneer Bulletin''", "WBUC", "Statistics", "Diversity", "Gender", "Graduation rate", "Post graduation plans", "Expenditures per pupil", "Teacher credentials", "Notable alumni", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nOswego High School is a public coeducational four\\-year [high school](/wiki/High_school \"High school\") in [Oswego, New York](/wiki/Oswego%2C_New_York \"Oswego, New York\"). It is the only public school serving grades 9\\-12 in the [Oswego City School District](/wiki/Oswego_City_School_District \"Oswego City School District\"). The principal is Dr. Raina Hinman. Assistant principals are Tara Clark and Kirk Mulverhill. The dean of students is Penny Morley.\n\n", "Extracurricular activities\n--------------------------\n\n### Athletics\n\nOswego High School teams compete in Section III of the [New York State Public High School Athletic Association](/wiki/New_York_State_Public_High_School_Athletic_Association \"New York State Public High School Athletic Association\"). Athletic facilities at the school include two gymnasiums, a swimming pool, a weight room, two softball fields, a baseball field, a track, and two multipurpose fields used for football, lacrosse, and soccer. Many events are held at Field, which hosts the track as well as a large athletic field.\n\n### The Paradox\n\nThe Paradox is Oswego High School's award\\-winning [yearbook](/wiki/Yearbook \"Yearbook\"). It has won numerous awards from the Empire State School Press Association and the Columbia School Press Association.\n\n### The Buccaneer Bulletin\n\nThe Buccaneer Bulletin is Oswego High School's monthly newspaper, which has been awarded numerous gold medals from the Empire State School Press Association. Members of the staff have been recognized individually by the Newspapers in Education program.\n\n### WBUC\n\nStudents involved with WBUC at Oswego High School produce the morning announcements in an on\\-campus studio, which are broadcast to televisions in all classrooms as well as throughout the public locally on [Time Warner Cable](/wiki/Time_Warner \"Time Warner\") channel 16\\.\n\n", "### Athletics\n\nOswego High School teams compete in Section III of the [New York State Public High School Athletic Association](/wiki/New_York_State_Public_High_School_Athletic_Association \"New York State Public High School Athletic Association\"). Athletic facilities at the school include two gymnasiums, a swimming pool, a weight room, two softball fields, a baseball field, a track, and two multipurpose fields used for football, lacrosse, and soccer. Many events are held at Field, which hosts the track as well as a large athletic field.\n\n", "### The Paradox\n\nThe Paradox is Oswego High School's award\\-winning [yearbook](/wiki/Yearbook \"Yearbook\"). It has won numerous awards from the Empire State School Press Association and the Columbia School Press Association.\n\n", "### The Buccaneer Bulletin\n\nThe Buccaneer Bulletin is Oswego High School's monthly newspaper, which has been awarded numerous gold medals from the Empire State School Press Association. Members of the staff have been recognized individually by the Newspapers in Education program.\n\n", "### WBUC\n\nStudents involved with WBUC at Oswego High School produce the morning announcements in an on\\-campus studio, which are broadcast to televisions in all classrooms as well as throughout the public locally on [Time Warner Cable](/wiki/Time_Warner \"Time Warner\") channel 16\\.\n\n", "Statistics\n----------\n\n### Diversity\n\n* 1% [Asian](/wiki/Asian_people \"Asian people\")\n* 5% [Hispanic](/wiki/Hispanic \"Hispanic\")\n* 1% [African\\-American](/wiki/African-American \"African-American\")\n* 93% [Caucasian](/wiki/White_Americans \"White Americans\")\n\n### Gender\n\n* 50% female\n* 50% male\"\n\n### Graduation rate\n\nOswego High School has a graduation rate of 75%, below the New York State average of 86%.\n\n### Post graduation plans\n\n* 48% plan to attend a four\\-year [college](/wiki/College \"College\") in [New York State](/wiki/New_York_State \"New York State\")\n* 8% plan to attend a four\\-year college out of state\n* 26% plan to attend a two\\-year college in New York State\n* 3% plan to attend post secondary institutions in New York State\n\n### Expenditures per pupil\n\nAn estimated $22,029 is spent annually per student.\n\n* 68% instructional\n* 6% student \\& staff support\n* 10% administration\n* 17% other\n\n### Teacher credentials\n\n* 2% of teachers have no valid teaching certificate\n* 5% of teachers have less than 3 years of experience\n* 21% of teachers have a [master's degree](/wiki/Master%27s_degree \"Master's degree\") or above\n", "### Diversity\n\n* 1% [Asian](/wiki/Asian_people \"Asian people\")\n* 5% [Hispanic](/wiki/Hispanic \"Hispanic\")\n* 1% [African\\-American](/wiki/African-American \"African-American\")\n* 93% [Caucasian](/wiki/White_Americans \"White Americans\")\n", "### Gender\n\n* 50% female\n* 50% male\"\n", "### Graduation rate\n\nOswego High School has a graduation rate of 75%, below the New York State average of 86%.\n\n", "### Post graduation plans\n\n* 48% plan to attend a four\\-year [college](/wiki/College \"College\") in [New York State](/wiki/New_York_State \"New York State\")\n* 8% plan to attend a four\\-year college out of state\n* 26% plan to attend a two\\-year college in New York State\n* 3% plan to attend post secondary institutions in New York State\n", "### Expenditures per pupil\n\nAn estimated $22,029 is spent annually per student.\n\n* 68% instructional\n* 6% student \\& staff support\n* 10% administration\n* 17% other\n", "### Teacher credentials\n\n* 2% of teachers have no valid teaching certificate\n* 5% of teachers have less than 3 years of experience\n* 21% of teachers have a [master's degree](/wiki/Master%27s_degree \"Master's degree\") or above\n", "Notable alumni\n--------------\n\n* [Erik Cole](/wiki/Erik_Cole \"Erik Cole\"), former NHL Player (2000\\-2015\\), and Stanley Cup Winner (2006\\), although he did not finish school at Oswego High School.\n* [Noel Francisco](/wiki/Noel_Francisco \"Noel Francisco\"), class President, graduated 1987, 47th [Solicitor General of the United States](/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_the_United_States \"Solicitor General of the United States\")\n* [Willard A. Kitts](/wiki/Willard_A._Kitts \"Willard A. Kitts\"), Vice admiral, USN and recipient of the [Navy Cross](/wiki/Navy_Cross \"Navy Cross\")\n* Howard McCann, father of [Brian McCann](/wiki/Brian_McCann_%28baseball%29 \"Brian McCann (baseball)\"), and former coach of the [Marshall Thundering Herd baseball](/wiki/Marshall_Thundering_Herd_baseball \"Marshall Thundering Herd baseball\") team\n* [Robert Natoli](/wiki/Robert_Natoli \"Robert Natoli\"), strongman\n* [Sarah Corbin Robert](/wiki/Sarah_Corbin_Robert \"Sarah Corbin Robert\"), 17th President General of the [Daughters of the American Revolution](/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution \"Daughters of the American Revolution\")\n* Curtis F. Shoup (January 11, 1921 – January 7, 1945\\) received the [Medal of Honor](/wiki/Medal_of_Honor \"Medal of Honor\") for acts of bravery near Tillet in [Belgium](/wiki/Belgium \"Belgium\") (now a [deelgemeente](/wiki/Deelgemeente \"Deelgemeente\") of [Sainte\\-Ode](/wiki/Sainte-Ode \"Sainte-Ode\")) on January 7, 1945\\. He was a graduate of Oswego High School in [Oswego, New York](/wiki/Oswego%2C_New_York \"Oswego, New York\").\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Public high schools in New York (state)](/wiki/Category:Public_high_schools_in_New_York_%28state%29 \"Public high schools in New York (state)\")\n[Category:Schools in Oswego County, New York](/wiki/Category:Schools_in_Oswego_County%2C_New_York \"Schools in Oswego County, New York\")\n\n" ] }
2006 Crimean parliamentary election	{ "id": [ 46362665 ], "name": [ "AlphaLemur" ] }	gbyeutoko5ylidw7qs8y1dpup055pjr	2024-07-16T03:02:41Z	1,218,483,250	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Results", "2010 majority coalition", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n [thumb \\\| right](/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC_%E2%80%94_2006.png \"Верховна Рада Автономної Республіки Крим — 2006.png\")\nThe 2006 Crimean parliamentary election was held on 26 March 2006\\. These were the first elections to the [Verkhovna Rada of Crimea](/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada_of_Crimea \"Verkhovna Rada of Crimea\"), which were conducted on the [proportional election system](/wiki/Proportional_representation \"Proportional representation\"). In order to gain representation in the Parliament of the [Autonomous Republic of Crimea](/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea \"Autonomous Republic of Crimea\"), the party or bloc had to get at least 3% of the vote.\n\n", "Results\n-------\n\n", "2010 majority coalition\n-----------------------\n\nOn 28 May 2010 a majority coalition was formed between the Party of Regions, the Bloc of Vitrenko, the Soyuz Party, the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united), as well as members of the Block of Kunitsin and six independent deputies.[Majority coalition formed in Crimean parliament](http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/67984/), [Kyiv Post](/wiki/Kyiv_Post \"Kyiv Post\") (May 28, 2010\\) Coalition consists of 68 deputies.\n\nNote: The Opposition Electoral bloc \"NOT SO!\" really represents the [Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)](/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Ukraine_%28united%29 \"Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)\") at the Crimean peninsula. In 2010 the bloc was known as the Solidarity. The People's Movement of Ukraine \"Rukh\" in Crimea is known as the Kurultai\\-Rukh. The Kunitsyn's bloc in the council is represented by a deputy faction of \"Krym\".\n\nBy the summer of 2010 the council consisted of 16 members that quit their respective blocs and are considered as independent: For Yanukovych! \\- 12, BYuT \\- 3, Vitrenko \\- 1\\.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Election commission of Crym](https://archive.today/20121228184348/http://www.izbircom.crimea-portal.gov.ua/rus/index.php?v=5&tek=83&par=73)\n\n[Category:Elections in Crimea](/wiki/Category:Elections_in_Crimea \"Elections in Crimea\")\n[Crimea](/wiki/Category:2006_elections_in_Ukraine \"2006 elections in Ukraine\")\n[Crimea](/wiki/Category:March_2006_events_in_Ukraine \"March 2006 events in Ukraine\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Acapulco Mexican Restaurant and Cantina	{ "id": [ 10434788 ], "name": [ "Lotje" ] }	icc4afcezhh0ah2y4hwn2f3021op5d0	2024-10-14T04:22:12Z	1,240,201,596	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "History", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nAcapulco Mexican Restaurant and Cantina is a restaurant chain founded in 1960 in [Pasadena, California](/wiki/Pasadena%2C_California \"Pasadena, California\"). They currently only have restaurants in California. The restaurant chain is owned by Xperience Restaurant Group which is headquartered in [Cypress, California](/wiki/Cypress%2C_California \"Cypress, California\"). There are currently four restaurants, all of which are located in [Southern California](/wiki/Southern_California \"Southern California\").\n\n", "History\n-------\n\nIn 1985, [Restaurant Associates](/wiki/Restaurant_Associates \"Restaurant Associates\") acquired Acapulco.[N.Y. Firm Will Buy Acapulco Eatery Chain](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-27-fi-12754-story.html) When [Compass Group](/wiki/Compass_Group \"Compass Group\") acquired Restaurant Associates in 1998, Acapulco became owned by [Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill \\& Co.](/wiki/Bruckmann%2C_Rosser%2C_Sherrill_%26_Co. \"Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill & Co.\"), a private equity firm that had an ownership stake in Restaurant Associates.[Acapulco restarts its engine, revs up for growth after 8 years in low gear.](https://web.archive.org/web/20140808043500/http://business.highbeam.com/409700/article-1G1-60903504/acapulco-restarts-its-engine-revs-up-growth-after-8) Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill \\& Co. used Acapulco as the starting point of [Real Mex Restaurants](/wiki/Real_Mex_Restaurants \"Real Mex Restaurants\"), acquiring such chains as [El Torito](/wiki/El_Torito \"El Torito\") and [Chevys Fresh Mex](/wiki/Chevys_Fresh_Mex \"Chevys Fresh Mex\"). In 2006, [Sun Capital Partners, Inc.](/wiki/Sun_Capital_Partners%2C_Inc. \"Sun Capital Partners, Inc.\") purchased Real Mex Restaurants for $359 million from Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill \\& Co.\n\nOn October 4, 2011, Real Mex filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and announced that it was putting itself up for sale citing the poor economy as a reason. It was acquired by a group of its noteholders in a bankruptcy auction in 2012\\.[Bankruptcy court approves Real Mex sale](http://nrn.com/article/bankruptcy-court-approves-129m-sale-real-mex) In 2018, FM Restaurants HoldCo, LLC acquired Acapulco Mexican Restaurant and Cantina out of bankruptcy and begun operations under Xperience Restaurant Group.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1960 establishments in California](/wiki/Category:1960_establishments_in_California \"1960 establishments in California\")\n[Category:Restaurants established in 1960](/wiki/Category:Restaurants_established_in_1960 \"Restaurants established in 1960\")\n[Category:Mexican restaurants in California](/wiki/Category:Mexican_restaurants_in_California \"Mexican restaurants in California\")\n[Category:Restaurants in Los Angeles County, California](/wiki/Category:Restaurants_in_Los_Angeles_County%2C_California \"Restaurants in Los Angeles County, California\")\n[Category:Regional restaurant chains in the United States](/wiki/Category:Regional_restaurant_chains_in_the_United_States \"Regional restaurant chains in the United States\")\n[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2011](/wiki/Category:Companies_that_filed_for_Chapter_11_bankruptcy_in_2011 \"Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2011\")\n[Category:Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2018](/wiki/Category:Companies_that_filed_for_Chapter_11_bankruptcy_in_2018 \"Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2018\")\n\n" ] }
Jeanne Du Londel	{ "id": [ 27015025 ], "name": [ "InternetArchiveBot" ] }	mqkwundsy8ez07ddlzwfpu40k0f72f2	2024-10-05T01:11:36Z	1,194,102,340	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\nMarie Jeanne Du Londel also called '*du Londel'* and '*Dulondel', [née](/wiki/N%C3%A9e \"Née\") Chateauneuf* (1706 – in Stockholm 1772\\) was a French actress and theatre director. She was the leader of the [Du Londel Troupe](/wiki/Du_Londel_Troupe \"Du Londel Troupe\").\n\nShe was married to the actor Jean Du Londel.\n\nShe performed in [The Hague](/wiki/The_Hague \"The Hague\") 1738–1740 in the troupe of [Nicolas Huau](/wiki/Nicolas_Huau \"Nicolas Huau\"), and 1747–1753 in Copenhagen in Denmark. In 1753, her contract in [Copenhagen](/wiki/Copenhagen \"Copenhagen\") in [Denmark](/wiki/Denmark \"Denmark\") was ended. She was at this point the joint director of the troupe alongside Pierre de Laynay. They accepted the invitation of the Swedish Queen, [Louisa Ulrika of Prussia](/wiki/Louisa_Ulrika_of_Prussia \"Louisa Ulrika of Prussia\"), and arrived in [Sweden](/wiki/Sweden \"Sweden\") the same year.\n\nIn 1756, she retired as a director and transferred the leadership of the troupe to her son, Louis Du Londel. Her daughter [Louise Du Londel](/wiki/Louise_Du_Londel \"Louise Du Londel\") (1740–1777\\) became a favourite actress within the French theatre in Sweden and the Swedish royal court as well as a French teacher to [Princess Sophia Albertine of Sweden](/wiki/Princess_Sophia_Albertine_of_Sweden \"Princess Sophia Albertine of Sweden\"), and her daughter\\-in\\-law [Marguerite Du Londel](/wiki/Marguerite_Du_Londel \"Marguerite Du Londel\") dance teacher to Sophia Albertine.\n\nIn circa 1734, she had a son, [Adolf Fredriksson](/wiki/Adolf_Fredriksson \"Adolf Fredriksson\") (c. 1734\\-1771\\), with the future [Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden](/wiki/Adolf_Frederick%2C_King_of_Sweden \"Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden\"), who at that point was not yet king or even crown prince of Sweden; Adolf Fredriksson was taken care of by his father a became a captain in the Swedish Army.Rainer, Claes (2019\\). Lovisa Ulrika: konst och kuppförsök. Stockholm: Bokförlaget Langenskiöld\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:1706 births](/wiki/Category:1706_births \"1706 births\")\n[Category:1772 deaths](/wiki/Category:1772_deaths \"1772 deaths\")\n[Category:Expatriate actresses in Sweden](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_actresses_in_Sweden \"Expatriate actresses in Sweden\")\n[Category:18th\\-century French actresses](/wiki/Category:18th-century_French_actresses \"18th-century French actresses\")\n[Category:French theatre directors](/wiki/Category:French_theatre_directors \"French theatre directors\")\n[Category:French women theatre directors](/wiki/Category:French_women_theatre_directors \"French women theatre directors\")\n[Category:Swedish theatre directors](/wiki/Category:Swedish_theatre_directors \"Swedish theatre directors\")\n[Category:Swedish women theatre directors](/wiki/Category:Swedish_women_theatre_directors \"Swedish women theatre directors\")\n[Category:Swedish courtiers](/wiki/Category:Swedish_courtiers \"Swedish courtiers\")\n[Category:Age of Liberty people](/wiki/Category:Age_of_Liberty_people \"Age of Liberty people\")\n[Category:French emigrants to Sweden](/wiki/Category:French_emigrants_to_Sweden \"French emigrants to Sweden\")\n[Category:18th\\-century theatre managers](/wiki/Category:18th-century_theatre_managers \"18th-century theatre managers\")\n[Category:Mistresses of Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden](/wiki/Category:Mistresses_of_Adolf_Frederick%2C_King_of_Sweden \"Mistresses of Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden\")\n[Category:18th\\-century Swedish businesswomen](/wiki/Category:18th-century_Swedish_businesswomen \"18th-century Swedish businesswomen\")\n\n" ] }
Saeva dupka	{ "id": [ 2553449 ], "name": [ "Elkost" ] }	c0e843j6cfvb0ehzqxesx7u3s27lj8z	2022-10-03T10:54:57Z	1,083,272,940	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "[300px\\\|thumb\\\|The White Castle stalagmite formation](/wiki/File:WhiteCastleStalagmite.jpg \"WhiteCastleStalagmite.jpg\")\nSaeva dupka () is a cave in northern [Bulgaria](/wiki/Bulgaria \"Bulgaria\") near the village of Brestnitsa, [Lovech Province](/wiki/Lovech_Province \"Lovech Province\") (). The cave has naturally formed 400 meters of corridors and halls. The cave has hosted many [choral music](/wiki/Choral_music \"Choral music\") performances, thanks to the excellent acoustic conditions. Saeva dupka was named after two brothers, Seyu and Sae, who used it as a hiding place during the [Ottoman occupation of Bulgaria](/wiki/History_of_early_Ottoman_Bulgaria \"History of early Ottoman Bulgaria\"). Recent excavations have shown the cave was inhabited since [Roman](/wiki/Roman_empire \"Roman empire\") times. Saeva dupka is one of the [100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria](/wiki/100_Tourist_Sites_of_Bulgaria \"100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria\").\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Show caves in Bulgaria](/wiki/Category:Show_caves_in_Bulgaria \"Show caves in Bulgaria\")\n\n" ] }
List of Swedish indie pop artists	{ "id": [ 27738727 ], "name": [ "Rfl0216" ] }	50cmyyv04s6jphdmn0vhn8qj52en1lq	2024-02-05T16:03:25Z	1,186,673,116	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "List of notable Swedish indie pop artists" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThis is a list of Swedish [indie pop](/wiki/Indie_pop \"Indie pop\") artists who have either been important to the genre or have had a considerable amount of exposure (such as in the case of one that has been on a major label). This list does not include little\\-known local bands. Bands are listed by the first letter in their name (not including the words \"a\", \"an\", or \"the\"), and individuals are listed by last name.\n\n", "List of notable Swedish indie pop artists\n-----------------------------------------\n\n* [Acid House Kings](/wiki/Acid_House_Kings \"Acid House Kings\")\n* [Amber Oak](/wiki/Amber_Oak \"Amber Oak\")\n* [Billie the Vision and the Dancers](/wiki/Billie_the_Vision_and_the_Dancers \"Billie the Vision and the Dancers\")\n* [bob hund](/wiki/Bob_Hund \"Bob Hund\")\n* [ceo](/wiki/Ceo_%28musician%29 \"Ceo (musician)\")\n* [The Concretes](/wiki/The_Concretes \"The Concretes\")\n* [Cinnamon](/wiki/Cinnamon_%28Swedish_band%29 \"Cinnamon (Swedish band)\")\n* [club 8](/wiki/Club_8 \"Club 8\")\n* [Badlands (Swedish musical act)](/wiki/Badlands_%28Swedish_musical_act%29 \"Badlands (Swedish musical act)\")\n* [Broder Daniel](/wiki/Broder_Daniel \"Broder Daniel\")\n* [Dungen](/wiki/Dungen \"Dungen\")\n* Easy\n* [Eggstone](/wiki/Eggstone \"Eggstone\")\n* [El Perro del Mar](/wiki/El_Perro_del_Mar \"El Perro del Mar\")\n* [Fever Ray](/wiki/Fever_Ray \"Fever Ray\")\n* [First Aid Kit](/wiki/First_Aid_Kit_%28band%29 \"First Aid Kit (band)\")\n* [Friska Viljor](/wiki/Friska_Viljor_%28band%29 \"Friska Viljor (band)\")\n* [José González](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gonz%C3%A1lez_%28singer%29 \"José González (singer)\")\n* [Hearts of Black Science](/wiki/Hearts_of_Black_Science \"Hearts of Black Science\")\n* [Helena Josefsson](/wiki/Helena_Josefsson \"Helena Josefsson\")\n* [Hello Saferide](/wiki/Hello_Saferide \"Hello Saferide\")\n* [I'm from Barcelona](/wiki/I%27m_from_Barcelona \"I'm from Barcelona\")\n* [Jonathan Johansson](/wiki/Jonathan_Johansson_%28musician%29 \"Jonathan Johansson (musician)\")\n* [jj](/wiki/Jj_%28band%29 \"Jj (band)\")\n* [The Knife](/wiki/The_Knife \"The Knife\")\n* [Komeda](/wiki/Komeda \"Komeda\")\n* [Jens Lekman](/wiki/Jens_Lekman \"Jens Lekman\")\n* Le Pamplemoüse\n* [Loney, Dear](/wiki/Loney%2C_Dear \"Loney, Dear\")\n* [Love Is All](/wiki/Love_Is_All_%28band%29 \"Love Is All (band)\")\n* [Lykke Li](/wiki/Lykke_Li \"Lykke Li\")\n* [Maia Hirasawa](/wiki/Maia_Hirasawa \"Maia Hirasawa\")\n* [Marching Band](/wiki/Marching_Band_%28band%29 \"Marching Band (band)\")\n* [Melody Club](/wiki/Melody_Club \"Melody Club\")\n* [Miike Snow](/wiki/Miike_Snow \"Miike Snow\")\n* [Niki and the Dove](/wiki/Niki_and_the_Dove \"Niki and the Dove\")\n* [NONONO](/wiki/NONONO \"NONONO\")\n* [Stina Nordenstam](/wiki/Stina_Nordenstam \"Stina Nordenstam\")\n* [Oh Laura](/wiki/Oh_Laura \"Oh Laura\")\n* Pacific!\n* [Peter Bjorn \\& John](/wiki/Peter_Bjorn_%26_John \"Peter Bjorn & John\")\n* [Principe Valiente](/wiki/Principe_Valiente \"Principe Valiente\")\n* [Popsicle](/wiki/Popsicle_%28band%29 \"Popsicle (band)\")\n* [Raymond \\& Maria](/wiki/Raymond_%26_Maria \"Raymond & Maria\")\n* [The Radio Dept.](/wiki/The_Radio_Dept. \"The Radio Dept.\")\n* [Sandy Mouche](/wiki/Sandy_Mouche \"Sandy Mouche\")\n* [Shout Out Louds](/wiki/Shout_Out_Louds \"Shout Out Louds\")\n* [Gustaf Spetz](/wiki/Gustaf_Spetz \"Gustaf Spetz\")\n* [The Royal Concept](/wiki/The_Royal_Concept \"The Royal Concept\")\n* [The Sounds](/wiki/The_Sounds \"The Sounds\")\n* [Suburban Kids with Biblical Names](/wiki/Suburban_Kids_with_Biblical_Names \"Suburban Kids with Biblical Names\")\n* [Taken By Trees](/wiki/Taken_By_Trees \"Taken By Trees\")\n* [The Tallest Man on Earth](/wiki/The_Tallest_Man_on_Earth \"The Tallest Man on Earth\")\n* [The Tough Alliance](/wiki/The_Tough_Alliance \"The Tough Alliance\")\n* [Peter von Poehl](/wiki/Peter_von_Poehl \"Peter von Poehl\")\n* [Jenny Wilson](/wiki/Jenny_Wilson_%28singer%29 \"Jenny Wilson (singer)\")\n* [The Wannadies](/wiki/The_Wannadies \"The Wannadies\")\n* [Urban Cone](/wiki/Urban_Cone \"Urban Cone\")\n\n[Indie pop artists](/wiki/Category:Swedish_music-related_lists \"Swedish music-related lists\")\n\n" ] }
Brian Stubbs	{ "id": [ 27823944 ], "name": [ "GreenC bot" ] }	cnbvht66u15p3pqlwv9tbgy04vtafca	2024-09-26T20:53:11Z	1,217,982,243	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nBrian Henry Stubbs (born 8 February 1950\\) is a former [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who played as a [defender](/wiki/Defender_%28association_football%29 \"Defender (association football)\").\n\nInitially a student at [Loughborough University](/wiki/Loughborough_University \"Loughborough University\"), Stubbs signed for [Notts County](/wiki/Notts_County_F.C. \"Notts County F.C.\") in September 1968 and spent the whole of his professional career at the club. He played for the club in the [Football League Fourth Division](/wiki/Football_League_Fourth_Division \"Football League Fourth Division\") but by the time he left had helped them into the top flight.[Caught in time: Notts County promoted to the Second Division, 1981](http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/more_sport/article3216359.ece)\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:1950 births](/wiki/Category:1950_births \"1950 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:English men's footballers](/wiki/Category:English_men%27s_footballers \"English men's footballers\")\n[Category:Notts County F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Notts_County_F.C._players \"Notts County F.C. players\")\n[Category:English Football League players](/wiki/Category:English_Football_League_players \"English Football League players\")\n[Category:Alumni of Loughborough University](/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Loughborough_University \"Alumni of Loughborough University\")\n[Category:People from Keyworth](/wiki/Category:People_from_Keyworth \"People from Keyworth\")\n[Category:Footballers from Nottinghamshire](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Nottinghamshire \"Footballers from Nottinghamshire\")\n[Category:Men's association football defenders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_defenders \"Men's association football defenders\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Ulidia smaragdina	{ "id": [ 14423536 ], "name": [ "Plantdrew" ] }	gq0u8k3jtnna7mrff6ra312ul77lsk3	2024-05-25T16:56:04Z	1,057,198,468	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Ulidia smaragdina* is a species of ulidiid or picture\\-winged fly in the genus [Ulidia](/wiki/Ulidia \"Ulidia\") of the family [Ulidiidae](/wiki/Ulidiidae \"Ulidiidae\").[smaragdina](http://nomen.at/Ulidia)\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[smaragdina](/wiki/Category:Ulidia \"Ulidia\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Protheca	{ "id": [ 7903804 ], "name": [ "Citation bot" ] }	i2014gqmzu2p2ke0x3bkfdwh9s6lt6t	2024-06-15T04:27:27Z	1,218,688,745	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Species", "References", "Further reading", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Protheca* is a genus of beetles in the family [Ptinidae](/wiki/Ptinidae \"Ptinidae\"). There are at least three described species in Protheca.\n [thumb\\\|Protheca hispida](/wiki/File:Protheca_hispida_P1000672a.jpg \"Protheca hispida P1000672a.jpg\")\n\n", "Species\n-------\n\nThese three species belong to the genus Protheca:\n* [Protheca guadalupensis](/wiki/Protheca_guadalupensis \"Protheca guadalupensis\") (Pic, 1909\\) g\n* [Protheca hispida](/wiki/Protheca_hispida \"Protheca hispida\") LeConte, 1865 i c g b\n* [Protheca plicatipennis](/wiki/Protheca_plicatipennis \"Protheca plicatipennis\") (Pic, 1912\\) g\nData sources: i \\= ITIS, c \\= Catalogue of Life, g \\= GBIF, b \\= Bugguide.net\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "Further reading\n---------------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Ptinidae](/wiki/Category:Ptinidae \"Ptinidae\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Adam Ruud	{ "id": [ 525927 ], "name": [ "Chris the speller" ] }	iq6laogdfc1wjsuqjfimzvh8yc1q8vx	2024-02-15T05:56:10Z	1,192,067,315	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Career", "College and amateur", "Professional", "External links", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nAdam Ruud (born August 16, 1983\\) is an American [soccer](/wiki/Soccer \"Soccer\") player.\n\n", "Career\n------\n\n### College and amateur\n\nRuud attended [Glenbard High School](/wiki/Glenbard_High_School \"Glenbard High School\"), and played [college soccer](/wiki/College_soccer_in_the_United_States \"College soccer in the United States\") at the [Loyola University Chicago](/wiki/Loyola_University_Chicago \"Loyola University Chicago\"), the [College of DuPage](/wiki/College_of_DuPage \"College of DuPage\") and the [University of North Carolina at Charlotte](/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Charlotte \"University of North Carolina at Charlotte\"). He was named to the first\\-team NSCAA, and was a NJCAA All\\-American at DuPage, and was named to the All\\-Conference USA first\\-team, the All\\-South Region third\\-team and the NCCSIA All\\-State team at Charlotte.\n\n### Professional\n\nRuud played with [Chicago Fire](/wiki/Chicago_Fire_S.C. \"Chicago Fire S.C.\")'s reserve team in the [MLS Reserve Division](/wiki/MLS_Reserve_Division \"MLS Reserve Division\") in 2006 before beginning his professional career in 0001, playing with the [Charlotte Eagles](/wiki/Charlotte_Eagles \"Charlotte Eagles\") in the [USL Second Division](/wiki/USL_Second_Division \"USL Second Division\").\n\nHe joined the [Cleveland City Stars](/wiki/Cleveland_City_Stars \"Cleveland City Stars\") of the [USL First Division](/wiki/USL_First_Division \"USL First Division\") in 2008,[Cleveland adds two newcomers](http://usl2.uslsoccer.com/transactions/229191.html) them win the [USL Second Division](/wiki/USL_Second_Division \"USL Second Division\") title, before being released at the end of the season.\n\n", "### College and amateur\n\nRuud attended [Glenbard High School](/wiki/Glenbard_High_School \"Glenbard High School\"), and played [college soccer](/wiki/College_soccer_in_the_United_States \"College soccer in the United States\") at the [Loyola University Chicago](/wiki/Loyola_University_Chicago \"Loyola University Chicago\"), the [College of DuPage](/wiki/College_of_DuPage \"College of DuPage\") and the [University of North Carolina at Charlotte](/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Charlotte \"University of North Carolina at Charlotte\"). He was named to the first\\-team NSCAA, and was a NJCAA All\\-American at DuPage, and was named to the All\\-Conference USA first\\-team, the All\\-South Region third\\-team and the NCCSIA All\\-State team at Charlotte.\n\n", "### Professional\n\nRuud played with [Chicago Fire](/wiki/Chicago_Fire_S.C. \"Chicago Fire S.C.\")'s reserve team in the [MLS Reserve Division](/wiki/MLS_Reserve_Division \"MLS Reserve Division\") in 2006 before beginning his professional career in 0001, playing with the [Charlotte Eagles](/wiki/Charlotte_Eagles \"Charlotte Eagles\") in the [USL Second Division](/wiki/USL_Second_Division \"USL Second Division\").\n\nHe joined the [Cleveland City Stars](/wiki/Cleveland_City_Stars \"Cleveland City Stars\") of the [USL First Division](/wiki/USL_First_Division \"USL First Division\") in 2008,[Cleveland adds two newcomers](http://usl2.uslsoccer.com/transactions/229191.html) them win the [USL Second Division](/wiki/USL_Second_Division \"USL Second Division\") title, before being released at the end of the season.\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Charlotte 49ers bio](https://archive.today/20130119022655/http://www.charlotte49ers.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/ruud_adam00.html)\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:1983 births](/wiki/Category:1983_births \"1983 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:American men's soccer players](/wiki/Category:American_men%27s_soccer_players \"American men's soccer players\")\n[Category:Charlotte Eagles players](/wiki/Category:Charlotte_Eagles_players \"Charlotte Eagles players\")\n[Category:Chicago Fire FC players](/wiki/Category:Chicago_Fire_FC_players \"Chicago Fire FC players\")\n[Category:Cleveland City Stars players](/wiki/Category:Cleveland_City_Stars_players \"Cleveland City Stars players\")\n[Category:Soccer players from DuPage County, Illinois](/wiki/Category:Soccer_players_from_DuPage_County%2C_Illinois \"Soccer players from DuPage County, Illinois\")\n[Category:People from Hanover Park, Illinois](/wiki/Category:People_from_Hanover_Park%2C_Illinois \"People from Hanover Park, Illinois\")\n[Category:USL Second Division players](/wiki/Category:USL_Second_Division_players \"USL Second Division players\")\n[Category:Men's association football forwards](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_forwards \"Men's association football forwards\")\n[Category:Charlotte 49ers men's soccer players](/wiki/Category:Charlotte_49ers_men%27s_soccer_players \"Charlotte 49ers men's soccer players\")\n[Category:College of DuPage alumni](/wiki/Category:College_of_DuPage_alumni \"College of DuPage alumni\")\n[Category:Loyola Ramblers men's soccer players](/wiki/Category:Loyola_Ramblers_men%27s_soccer_players \"Loyola Ramblers men's soccer players\")\n\n" ] }
Dave Tyler Junior Player of the Year Award	{ "id": [ 45610916 ], "name": [ "Wheatzilopochtli" ] }	5j846cebgp851d1vtlm89o5dtrvpnaz	2024-08-11T01:07:18Z	1,238,869,585	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "List of winners", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "The Dave Tyler Junior Player of the Year Award, formerly known as USA Hockey Junior Player of the Year Award, is presented annually to the most outstanding American\\-born player in [junior ice hockey](/wiki/Junior_ice_hockey \"Junior ice hockey\"). Chosen by panel of junior coaches and administrators, criteria for the award also includes having played for a US\\-based junior team.\n\nThe award is named after [Dave Tyler](/wiki/Dave_Tyler \"Dave Tyler\"), who served on [USA Hockey](/wiki/USA_Hockey \"USA Hockey\")'s board of directors for 32 years and played an instrumental role in the development and growth of junior hockey in the United States.\n\n", "List of winners\n---------------\n\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|[Sean Farrell](/wiki/Sean_Farrell_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Sean Farrell (ice hockey)\"), 2020–21's Dave Tyler Junior Player of the Year](/wiki/File:Sean_Farrell%2C_Harvard_Crimson_ice_hockey.jpg \"Sean Farrell, Harvard Crimson ice hockey.jpg\")\n\n\| Season \| Name \| Team \| League \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1993–94 \| [Jason Blake](/wiki/Jason_Blake_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Jason Blake (ice hockey)\") \| [Waterloo Black Hawks](/wiki/Waterloo_Black_Hawks \"Waterloo Black Hawks\") \| [United States Hockey League](/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League \"United States Hockey League\") \|\n\| 1994–95 \| [Ben Henrich](/wiki/Ben_Henrich \"Ben Henrich\") \| [Compuware Ambassadors](/wiki/Detroit_Compuware_Ambassadors \"Detroit Compuware Ambassadors\") \| [North American Hockey League](/wiki/North_American_Hockey_League \"North American Hockey League\") \|\n\| 1995–96 \| [Brian McCullough](/wiki/Brian_McCullough_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Brian McCullough (ice hockey)\") \| [Springfield Jr. Blues](/wiki/Springfield_Jr._Blues \"Springfield Jr. Blues\") \| North American Hockey League \|\n\| 1996–97 \| [Karl Goehring](/wiki/Karl_Goehring \"Karl Goehring\") \| [Fargo\\-Moorhead Ice Sharks](/wiki/Fargo-Moorhead_Ice_Sharks \"Fargo-Moorhead Ice Sharks\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 1997–98 \| [Nate DiCasmirro](/wiki/Nate_DiCasmirro \"Nate DiCasmirro\") \| [North Iowa Huskies](/wiki/North_Iowa_Huskies \"North Iowa Huskies\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 1998–99 \| [Peter Fregoe](/wiki/Peter_Fregoe \"Peter Fregoe\") \| [Des Moines Buccaneers](/wiki/Des_Moines_Buccaneers \"Des Moines Buccaneers\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 1999–00 \| [Aaron Smith](/wiki/Aaron_Smith_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Aaron Smith (ice hockey)\") \| [Green Bay Gamblers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Gamblers \"Green Bay Gamblers\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2000–01 \| Chris Fournier \| [Lincoln Stars](/wiki/Lincoln_Stars \"Lincoln Stars\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2001–02 \| [Greg Rallo](/wiki/Greg_Rallo \"Greg Rallo\") \| Springfield Jr. Blues \| North American Hockey League \|\n\| 2002–03 \| [Ryan Potulny](/wiki/Ryan_Potulny \"Ryan Potulny\") \| Lincoln Stars \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2003–04 \| [Joe Pavelski](/wiki/Joe_Pavelski \"Joe Pavelski\") \| Waterloo Black Hawks \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2004–05 \| [Jeff Lerg](/wiki/Jeff_Lerg \"Jeff Lerg\") \| [Omaha Lancers](/wiki/Omaha_Lancers \"Omaha Lancers\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2005–06 \| [Trevor Lewis](/wiki/Trevor_Lewis \"Trevor Lewis\") \| Des Moines Buccaneers \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2006–07 \| [Jeff Petry](/wiki/Jeff_Petry \"Jeff Petry\") \| Des Moines Buccaneers \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2007–08 \| [Jack Connolly](/wiki/Jack_Connolly_%28ice_hockey_b._1989%29 \"Jack Connolly (ice hockey b. 1989)\") \| [Sioux Falls Stampede](/wiki/Sioux_Falls_Stampede \"Sioux Falls Stampede\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2008–09 \| [Andrew Miller](/wiki/Andrew_Miller_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Andrew Miller (ice hockey)\") \| [Chicago Steel](/wiki/Chicago_Steel \"Chicago Steel\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2009–10 \| [Matt White](/wiki/Matt_White_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Matt White (ice hockey)\") \| Omaha Lancers \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2010–11 \| [Blake Coleman](/wiki/Blake_Coleman \"Blake Coleman\") \| [Indiana Ice](/wiki/Indiana_Ice \"Indiana Ice\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2011–12 \| [Andy Welinski](/wiki/Andy_Welinski \"Andy Welinski\") \| Green Bay Gamblers \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2012–13 \| [Taylor Cammarata](/wiki/Taylor_Cammarata \"Taylor Cammarata\") \| Waterloo Black Hawks \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2013–14 \| [Tucker Poolman](/wiki/Tucker_Poolman \"Tucker Poolman\") \| Omaha Lancers \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2014–15 \| [Kyle Connor](/wiki/Kyle_Connor \"Kyle Connor\") \| [Youngstown Phantoms](/wiki/Youngstown_Phantoms \"Youngstown Phantoms\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2015–16 \| [Rem Pitlick](/wiki/Rem_Pitlick \"Rem Pitlick\") \| [Muskegon Lumberjacks](/wiki/Muskegon_Lumberjacks \"Muskegon Lumberjacks\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2016–17 \| [Zach Solow](/wiki/Zach_Solow \"Zach Solow\") \| [Dubuque Fighting Saints](/wiki/Dubuque_Fighting_Saints \"Dubuque Fighting Saints\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2017–18 \| [Jack Hughes](/wiki/Jack_Hughes \"Jack Hughes\") \| [Team USA](/wiki/USA_Hockey_National_Team_Development_Program \"USA Hockey National Team Development Program\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2018–19 \| [Ronnie Attard](/wiki/Ronnie_Attard \"Ronnie Attard\") \| [Tri\\-City Storm](/wiki/Tri-City_Storm \"Tri-City Storm\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2019–20 \| [Jake Sanderson](/wiki/Jake_Sanderson \"Jake Sanderson\") \| Team USA \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2020–21 \| [Sean Farrell](/wiki/Sean_Farrell_%28ice_hockey%29 \"Sean Farrell (ice hockey)\") \| Chicago Steel \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2021–22 \| [Connor Kurth](/wiki/Connor_Kurth \"Connor Kurth\") \| Dubuque Fighting Saints \| United States Hockey League \|\n\| 2022–23 \| [Cole Knuble](/wiki/Cole_Knuble \"Cole Knuble\") \| [Fargo Force](/wiki/Fargo_Force \"Fargo Force\") \| United States Hockey League \|\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [USA Hockey Annual Awards](https://www.usahockey.com/annualawards)\n* [USA Hockey Junior player of the Year Winners](https://www.usahockey.com/layout_container/show_layout_tab?layout_container_id=16921235&page_node_id=837446&tab_element_id=54969)\n\n[Category:USA Hockey awards](/wiki/Category:USA_Hockey_awards \"USA Hockey awards\")\n[Category:United States Hockey League trophies and awards](/wiki/Category:United_States_Hockey_League_trophies_and_awards \"United States Hockey League trophies and awards\")\n[Category:North American Hockey League](/wiki/Category:North_American_Hockey_League \"North American Hockey League\")\n[Category:Junior ice hockey in the United States](/wiki/Category:Junior_ice_hockey_in_the_United_States \"Junior ice hockey in the United States\")\n\n" ] }
Kulltorp	{ "id": [ 27823944 ], "name": [ "GreenC bot" ] }	9pw9kgjm7ed3tp3hdyietky8ds25s7k	2022-06-10T19:02:26Z	944,833,901	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\nKulltorp is a [locality](/wiki/Urban_areas_in_Sweden \"Urban areas in Sweden\") situated in [Gnosjö Municipality](/wiki/Gnosj%C3%B6_Municipality \"Gnosjö Municipality\"), [Jönköping County](/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping_County \"Jönköping County\"), [Sweden](/wiki/Sweden \"Sweden\") with 334 inhabitants in 2010\\.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:Populated places in Jönköping County](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping_County \"Populated places in Jönköping County\")\n[Category:Populated places in Gnosjö Municipality](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Gnosj%C3%B6_Municipality \"Populated places in Gnosjö Municipality\")\n[Category:Finnveden](/wiki/Category:Finnveden \"Finnveden\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Andrew Thorne	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "2A00:23C5:B33C:4101:483C:F4EB:3FB5:B6EE" ] }	0ijvxeio1n3euxsgpqt223w9p937npi	2024-10-11T16:09:28Z	1,240,049,075	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Family", "Military career", "References", "Bibliography", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n[General](/wiki/General_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"General (United Kingdom)\") Sir Augustus Francis Andrew Nicol Thorne, (20 September 1885 – 25 September 1970\\) was a senior [British Army](/wiki/British_Army \"British Army\") officer who served in the [First](/wiki/First_World_War \"First World War\") and [Second World Wars](/wiki/Second_World_War \"Second World War\"), where he commanded the [48th (South Midland) Infantry Division](/wiki/48th_%28South_Midland%29_Division \"48th (South Midland) Division\") during the [Battle of France](/wiki/Battle_of_France \"Battle of France\") in mid\\-1940\\.\n\n", "Family\n------\n\nThorne was the son of Augustus Thorne, a barrister, and Mary Frances Nicol.Old Etonian Association, The Eton Register, Part VII, 1899–1909 (Spottiswoode, Ballantyne \\& Co., 1922\\), p. 28\\. His nephew, Patrick Campbell\\-Preston, was the husband of [Dame Frances Campbell\\-Preston](/wiki/Frances_Campbell-Preston \"Frances Campbell-Preston\").[Harry Mount, \"The Queen Mother's lady\\-in\\-waiting turns 100\"](https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-oldie/20180901/281526521877050), The Oldie, 1 September 2018\\. Retrieved 25 November 2022\\.\n\nThorne married the Hon. Margaret Douglas\\-Pennant, daughter of [George Douglas\\-Pennant, 2nd Baron Penrhyn](/wiki/George_Douglas-Pennant%2C_2nd_Baron_Penrhyn \"George Douglas-Pennant, 2nd Baron Penrhyn\"), on 29 July 1909 at the [Guards' Chapel, Wellington Barracks](/wiki/Guards%27_Chapel%2C_Wellington_Barracks \"Guards' Chapel, Wellington Barracks\"), in London.Arthur G. M. Hesilrige (ed.), Debrett's Baronatage, Knightage and Companionage (London, Dean \\& Son, 1922\\), p. 1946\\. They had six children, including Lieutenant Colonel [Sir Peter Francis Thorne](/wiki/Peter_Francis_Thorne \"Peter Francis Thorne\").[Obituary, \"Sir Peter Thorne\", The Times](https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sir-peter-thorne-52v3dj6399n), 30 March 2004\\. Retrieved 29 November 2022\\.\n\n", "Military career\n---------------\n\nEducated at [Eton](/wiki/Eton_College \"Eton College\") and the [Royal Military College, Sandhurst](/wiki/Royal_Military_College%2C_Sandhurst \"Royal Military College, Sandhurst\"), Thorne was [commissioned](/wiki/Officer_%28armed_forces%29 \"Officer (armed forces)\") as a [second lieutenant](/wiki/Second_lieutenant \"Second lieutenant\") into the [Grenadier Guards](/wiki/Grenadier_Guards \"Grenadier Guards\") on 2 March 1904\\. He served in the [First World War](/wiki/First_World_War \"First World War\"), becoming a staff captain, having been promoted to the rank of captain on 22 March 1913, then deputy assistant adjutant and quartermaster general and then deputy assistant quartermaster general in France. He became [commanding officer](/wiki/Commanding_officer \"Commanding officer\") of the 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards in 1916, and saw action in the [First Battle of Ypres](/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres \"First Battle of Ypres\") in 1914 and [Battle of the Somme](/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme \"Battle of the Somme\") in 1916, earning the [Distinguished Service Order](/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order \"Distinguished Service Order\") and two [Bars](/wiki/Medal_bar \"Medal bar\"). The citation for his first Bar, appearing in [The London Gazette](/wiki/The_London_Gazette \"The London Gazette\") in July 1918, reads:\n\nThorne was also awarded the [Legion of Honour](/wiki/Legion_of_Honour \"Legion of Honour\") by the President of France in 1917, and was promoted to acting lieutenant colonel in July that year as well. In mid\\-October 1918 he became commander of the [184th Infantry Brigade](/wiki/184th_%282nd_South_Midland%29_Brigade \"184th (2nd South Midland) Brigade\") and with it came the temporary rank of brigadier general. Just a month after his thirty\\-third birthday, he was one of the youngest generals in the [British Army during the First World War](/wiki/British_Army_during_the_First_World_War \"British Army during the First World War\").\n\nAfter the war Thorne became assistant [military attaché](/wiki/Military_attach%C3%A9 \"Military attaché\") at [Washington, D.C.](/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C. \"Washington, D.C.\") He then returned to the United Kingdom to attend a shortened course at the [Staff College, Camberley](/wiki/Staff_College%2C_Camberley \"Staff College, Camberley\"). This was followed, in 1922, by him becoming a [General Staff Officer](/wiki/Staff_%28military%29 \"Staff (military)\") (GSO) at [London District](/wiki/London_District_%28British_Army%29 \"London District (British Army)\"). He served at the Staff College as an instructor from 1923 to 1925\\. He was appointed military assistant to the [Chief of the Imperial General Staff](/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)\") at the [War Office](/wiki/War_Office \"War Office\") in 1925 and commanding officer of the 3rd Battalion, Grenadier Guards again in 1927\\. In 1932, he was made military attaché in [Berlin](/wiki/Berlin \"Berlin\") for three years, where he came to know [Adolf Hitler](/wiki/Adolf_Hitler \"Adolf Hitler\") and many of his senior officers personally. He was commander of the [1st Guards Brigade](/wiki/1st_Armoured_Infantry_Brigade_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"1st Armoured Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)\") at [Aldershot Command](/wiki/Aldershot_Command \"Aldershot Command\") in 1935, a temporary brigade commander in Palestine and [Transjordan](/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan \"Emirate of Transjordan\") in 1936, and in 1938 he became [Major General commanding the Brigade of Guards](/wiki/Major-General_commanding_the_Household_Division \"Major-General commanding the Household Division\") and [General Officer Commanding](/wiki/General_Officer_Commanding \"General Officer Commanding\") (GOC) London District.\n\n[thumb\\\|left\\\|At a tank demonstration February 1941, Thorne (far right) with [Giffard Le Quesne Martel](/wiki/Giffard_Le_Quesne_Martel \"Giffard Le Quesne Martel\") (Commander Royal Armoured Corps), [Władysław Sikorski](/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski \"Władysław Sikorski\") (C\\-in\\-C Polish Armed Forces), British Prime Minister [Winston Churchill](/wiki/Winston_Churchill \"Winston Churchill\"), General [Charles de Gaulle](/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle \"Charles de Gaulle\") (C\\-in\\-C Free French Forces), February 1941\\.](/wiki/File:The_Allied_Armies_in_Britain%2C_1940-1945_H7233.jpg \"The Allied Armies in Britain, 1940-1945 H7233.jpg\")\n\nIn 1939, at the start of the [Second World War](/wiki/Second_World_War \"Second World War\"), Thorne became GOC [48th (South Midland) Infantry Division](/wiki/48th_%28South_Midland%29_Division \"48th (South Midland) Division\"), which played an important role in the [defence of the Dunkirk](/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkirk \"Battle of Dunkirk\") perimeter in 1940\\.[First World War](http://www.firstworldwar.bham.ac.uk/donkey/thorne.htm) He then became GOC [XII Corps](/wiki/XII_Corps_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"XII Corps (United Kingdom)\") before being appointed GOC [Scottish Command](/wiki/Scottish_Command \"Scottish Command\") and [Governor of Edinburgh Castle](/wiki/Governor_of_Edinburgh_Castle \"Governor of Edinburgh Castle\") from 1941 to 1945\\. As GOC XII Corps, he founded the innovative XII Corps Observation Unit as a prototype of the [Auxiliary Units](/wiki/Auxiliary_Units \"Auxiliary Units\") guerrilla organisation. Whilst in Scotland, he was involved in the creation of [War Office Selection Boards](/wiki/War_Office_Selection_Boards \"War Office Selection Boards\") and responsible for the [Fortitude North](/wiki/Fortitude_North \"Fortitude North\") deception plan, as well as preparation for the [liberation of Norway](/wiki/Operation_Doomsday \"Operation Doomsday\").\n\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|King [George VI](/wiki/George_VI \"George VI\") visiting Scottish Command in October 1941\\. Lieutenant General Thorne is stood on the far left.](/wiki/File:War_Office_Second_World_War_Official_Collection_H14611.jpg \"War Office Second World War Official Collection H14611.jpg\")\n\nGermany officially surrendered in Norway on [8 May 1945](/wiki/Victory_in_Europe_Day \"Victory in Europe Day\"), and Thorne arrived in Norway on 13 May together with [Crown Prince Olav](/wiki/Olav_V_of_Norway \"Olav V of Norway\"). He brought with him a small military force—one tenth the size of the German military presence—and so had to rely on cooperation with paramilitary forces from the [Norwegian resistance movement](/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement \"Norwegian resistance movement\"). He cooperated closely with [Jens Chr. Hauge](/wiki/Jens_Chr._Hauge \"Jens Chr. Hauge\").\n\nAfter the end of the war in Europe, German prisoners in Norway were reportedly forced to clear [minefields](/wiki/Landmine \"Landmine\") under British supervision. The Germans complained to Thorne but he dismissed the accusations arguing that the Germans prisoners were not prisoners of war but \"disarmed forces who had surrendered unconditionally.\" By 1946, when the cleanup ended, 392 were injured and 275 had died; this was contrary to the terms of the [Geneva Conventions](/wiki/Geneva_Conventions \"Geneva Conventions\"). He formally held the sovereignty of Norway until 7 June, when [Haakon VII of Norway](/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway \"Haakon VII of Norway\") returned from his exile. Thorne remained in charge of dismantling the German presence in Norway until he left the country on 31 October 1945\\.\n\nThorne retired in 1946\\. He was chairman of the [Anglo\\-Norse Society](/wiki/Anglo-Norse_Society_in_London \"Anglo-Norse Society in London\") for some time, and was at some point a [deputy lieutenant](/wiki/Deputy_lieutenant \"Deputy lieutenant\") of [Berkshire](/wiki/Berkshire \"Berkshire\").\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "Bibliography\n------------\n\n* \"THORNE, General Sir (Augustus Francis) Andrew (Nicol)\". (2007\\). In [Who Was Who](/wiki/Who_Was_Who \"Who Was Who\"). [Online edition](http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U47508).\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [British Army Officers 1939–1945](http://www.unithistories.com/officers/Army_officers_T01.html#Thorne_AFAN)\n* [Find a Grave](https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/137207842/augustus-francis_andrew_nicol-thorne)\n* [Generals of World War II](https://generals.dk/general/Thorne/Augustus_Francis_Andrew_Nicol/Great_Britain.html)\n\n \n\n\\\|\\-\n\n\\\|\\-\n\n\\\|\\-\n \n\n[Category:1885 births](/wiki/Category:1885_births \"1885 births\")\n[Category:1970 deaths](/wiki/Category:1970_deaths \"1970 deaths\")\n[Category:British military attachés](/wiki/Category:British_military_attach%C3%A9s \"British military attachés\")\n[Category:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley](/wiki/Category:Graduates_of_the_Staff_College%2C_Camberley \"Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley\")\n[Category:Burials in Berkshire](/wiki/Category:Burials_in_Berkshire \"Burials in Berkshire\")\n[Category:British Army generals](/wiki/Category:British_Army_generals \"British Army generals\")\n[Category:British Army generals of World War I](/wiki/Category:British_Army_generals_of_World_War_I \"British Army generals of World War I\")\n[Category:British Army generals of World War II](/wiki/Category:British_Army_generals_of_World_War_II \"British Army generals of World War II\")\n[Category:British military personnel of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine](/wiki/Category:British_military_personnel_of_the_1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine \"British military personnel of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine\")\n[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Merit](/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Legion_of_Merit \"Commanders of the Legion of Merit\")\n[Category:Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta](/wiki/Category:Commanders_with_Star_of_the_Order_of_Polonia_Restituta \"Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta\")\n[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order](/wiki/Category:Companions_of_the_Distinguished_Service_Order \"Companions of the Distinguished Service Order\")\n[Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George](/wiki/Category:Companions_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George \"Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George\")\n[Category:Deputy lieutenants of Berkshire](/wiki/Category:Deputy_lieutenants_of_Berkshire \"Deputy lieutenants of Berkshire\")\n[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst](/wiki/Category:Graduates_of_the_Royal_Military_College%2C_Sandhurst \"Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst\")\n[Category:Grenadier Guards officers](/wiki/Category:Grenadier_Guards_officers \"Grenadier Guards officers\")\n[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath](/wiki/Category:Knights_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath \"Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath\")\n[Category:People educated at Eton College](/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Eton_College \"People educated at Eton College\")\n[Category:People from Sevenoaks](/wiki/Category:People_from_Sevenoaks \"People from Sevenoaks\")\n[Category:Academics of the Staff College, Camberley](/wiki/Category:Academics_of_the_Staff_College%2C_Camberley \"Academics of the Staff College, Camberley\")\n[Category:Military personnel from Kent](/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_Kent \"Military personnel from Kent\")\n\n" ] }
Church of All Saints, Lullington	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "2A00:23C8:3B03:5001:7DBC:21BB:6E5:F021" ] }	d0djprs383f8zoamt3al0c0x7sawxop	2023-07-05T11:32:08Z	1,084,282,360	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "History", "Notable clergy", "Present day", "Services", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe Church of All Saints is a [Church of England](/wiki/Church_of_England \"Church of England\") [parish church](/wiki/Parish_church \"Parish church\") in [Lullington](/wiki/Lullington%2C_Somerset \"Lullington, Somerset\"), [Somerset](/wiki/Somerset \"Somerset\"), England.\n\n", "History\n-------\n\nThe earliest parts of this church date back to the 12th century, while the south aisle dates to around 1280, and the chancel, tower and south porch to circa 1450\\. The church was [restored](/wiki/Victorian_restoration \"Victorian restoration\") in 1862 by [Thomas Henry Wyatt](/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Wyatt \"Thomas Henry Wyatt\") and is now a Grade I [listed building](/wiki/Listed_building \"Listed building\").\n\nIt has a two [bay](/wiki/Bay_%28architecture%29 \"Bay (architecture)\") [chancel](/wiki/Chancel \"Chancel\") and three\\-stage tower, while the north door of the church has a [tree of life](/wiki/Tree_of_life \"Tree of life\") [tympanum](/wiki/Tympanum_%28architecture%29 \"Tympanum (architecture)\").\n\nThe interior includes a highly decorated [font](/wiki/Baptismal_font \"Baptismal font\") inscribed with \"Hoc Fontis Sacro Peveunt Delicta Lavacro\", which roughly translates to \"in the sacred washing of the font sins are cleansed\".\n\n### Notable clergy\n\n[Henry Waldegrave, 11th Earl Waldegrave](/wiki/Henry_Waldegrave%2C_11th_Earl_Waldegrave \"Henry Waldegrave, 11th Earl Waldegrave\") was the rector of the village in the early 20th century.\n\n", "### Notable clergy\n\n[Henry Waldegrave, 11th Earl Waldegrave](/wiki/Henry_Waldegrave%2C_11th_Earl_Waldegrave \"Henry Waldegrave, 11th Earl Waldegrave\") was the rector of the village in the early 20th century.\n\n", "Present day\n-----------\n\nThe Anglican parish is part of the benefice of Beckington with Standerwick, [Berkley](/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary%2C_Berkley \"Church of St Mary, Berkley\"), Lullington, [Orchardleigh](/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary%2C_Orchardlea \"Church of St Mary, Orchardlea\") and [Rodden](/wiki/Church_of_All_Saints%2C_Rodden \"Church of All Saints, Rodden\") within the archdeanery of [Wells](/wiki/Wells%2C_Somerset \"Wells, Somerset\").\n\nThe church stands in the [Conservative Evangelical](/wiki/Conservative_Evangelicalism_in_Britain \"Conservative Evangelicalism in Britain\") [tradition](/wiki/Churchmanship \"Churchmanship\") of the Church of England. The church uses the [Book of Common Prayer](/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer \"Book of Common Prayer\"), rather than the more modern [Common Worship](/wiki/Common_Worship \"Common Worship\"), for its services, and is a member of the [Prayer Book Society](/wiki/Prayer_Book_Society_%28England%29 \"Prayer Book Society (England)\").\n\n### Services\n\nServices are held on mornings of the first, third and fifth Sundays of each month, while those on the second and fourth are held at the nearby [Church of St Mary, Orchardlea](/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary%2C_Orchardlea \"Church of St Mary, Orchardlea\").\n\n", "### Services\n\nServices are held on mornings of the first, third and fifth Sundays of each month, while those on the second and fourth are held at the nearby [Church of St Mary, Orchardlea](/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary%2C_Orchardlea \"Church of St Mary, Orchardlea\").\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of Grade I listed buildings in Mendip](/wiki/List_of_Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Mendip \"List of Grade I listed buildings in Mendip\")\n* [List of towers in Somerset](/wiki/List_of_towers_in_Somerset \"List of towers in Somerset\")\n* [List of ecclesiastical parishes in the Diocese of Bath and Wells](/wiki/List_of_ecclesiastical_parishes_in_the_Diocese_of_Bath_and_Wells \"List of ecclesiastical parishes in the Diocese of Bath and Wells\")\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Grade I listed churches in Somerset](/wiki/Category:Grade_I_listed_churches_in_Somerset \"Grade I listed churches in Somerset\")\n[Category:Church of England church buildings in Mendip District](/wiki/Category:Church_of_England_church_buildings_in_Mendip_District \"Church of England church buildings in Mendip District\")\n[Category:12th\\-century church buildings in England](/wiki/Category:12th-century_church_buildings_in_England \"12th-century church buildings in England\")\n[Category:Grade I listed buildings in Mendip District](/wiki/Category:Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Mendip_District \"Grade I listed buildings in Mendip District\")\n[Category:Conservative evangelical Anglican churches in England](/wiki/Category:Conservative_evangelical_Anglican_churches_in_England \"Conservative evangelical Anglican churches in England\")\n\n" ] }
Oh What a World	{ "id": [ 7098284 ], "name": [ "Tassedethe" ] }	bck37i7vwnookqnxdggp1k3cubih9sa	2020-05-25T21:30:55Z	933,040,366	{ "title": [ "Oh What a World" ], "level": [ 1 ], "content": [ "Oh What a World may refer to:\n\n* [Oh What a World (album)](/wiki/Oh_What_a_World_%28album%29 \"Oh What a World (album)\"), a 2000 album by Paul Brady\n* [\"Oh What a World\" (song)](/wiki/Oh_What_a_World_%28song%29 \"Oh What a World (song)\"), a 2004 song by Rufus Wainwright\n* \"Oh, What a World\", a 2018 song by Kacey Musgraves from [Golden Hour](/wiki/Golden_Hour_%28Kacey_Musgraves_album%29 \"Golden Hour (Kacey Musgraves album)\")\n\n" ] }
I Should Be with You	{ "id": [ 4776459 ], "name": [ "David829" ] }	4wkas5wnh9kqb95j0aqqzqrwgd4yisj	2023-04-17T05:56:51Z	1,135,977,039	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Track listing", "Personnel", "Chart performance", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*I Should Be with You* is the sixth studio album by American [country music](/wiki/Country_music \"Country music\") artist [Steve Wariner](/wiki/Steve_Wariner \"Steve Wariner\"). It was released on March 7, 1988 by [MCA Records](/wiki/MCA_Records \"MCA Records\"). It includes the singles \"Baby I'm Yours\", \"I Should Be With You\" and \"Hold On (A Little Longer)\", which reached \\#2, \\#2, and \\#6, respectively, on the [Billboard](/wiki/Billboard_%28magazine%29 \"Billboard (magazine)\") country charts. The album peaked at \\#20 on [Top Country Albums](/wiki/Top_Country_Albums \"Top Country Albums\"). \"More Than Enough\" was recorded the same year by [Glen Campbell](/wiki/Glen_Campbell \"Glen Campbell\") on *[Light Years](/wiki/Light_Years_%28Glen_Campbell_album%29 \"Light Years (Glen Campbell album)\"), also produced by Jimmy Bowen for MCA.\n\n", "Track listing\n-------------\n\n", "Personnel\n---------\n\n [Glen Campbell](/wiki/Glen_Campbell \"Glen Campbell\") \\- background vocals (track 2\\)\n* [George Grantham](/wiki/George_Grantham_%28musician%29 \"George Grantham (musician)\") \\- background vocals (tracks 3, 6\\)\n* [Russ Kunkel](/wiki/Russ_Kunkel \"Russ Kunkel\") \\- [drums](/wiki/Drums \"Drums\") (all tracks)\n* [Allyn Love](https://www.discogs.com/artist/2079667-Allyn-Love) \\- [steel guitar](/wiki/Steel_guitar \"Steel guitar\") (track 3\\), [dobro](/wiki/Dobro \"Dobro\") (track 4\\)\n* [Mac McAnally](/wiki/Mac_McAnally \"Mac McAnally\") \\- [keyboards](/wiki/Keyboard_instrument \"Keyboard instrument\") (track 7\\), background vocals (tracks 1, 10\\)\n* [Mark O'Connor](/wiki/Mark_O%27Connor \"Mark O'Connor\") \\- [fiddle](/wiki/Fiddle \"Fiddle\") (tracks 2\\-4\\), [mandolin](/wiki/Mandolin \"Mandolin\") (track 2\\)\n* [Bill Payne](/wiki/Bill_Payne \"Bill Payne\") \\- [DX\\-7](/wiki/DX-7 \"DX-7\") (tracks 1, 2, 5\\), keyboards (tracks 3, 7, 9\\), [piano](/wiki/Piano \"Piano\") (tracks 6, 8, 10\\)\n* [Leland Sklar](/wiki/Leland_Sklar \"Leland Sklar\") \\- [bass guitar](/wiki/Bass_guitar \"Bass guitar\") (all tracks)\n* [Wendy Waldman](/wiki/Wendy_Waldman \"Wendy Waldman\") \\- background vocals (tracks 1, 10\\)\n* [Billy Joe Walker Jr.](/wiki/Billy_Joe_Walker_Jr. \"Billy Joe Walker Jr.\") \\- [acoustic guitar](/wiki/Acoustic_guitar \"Acoustic guitar\") (tracks 3, 4, 6\\-8\\), [electric guitar](/wiki/Electric_guitar \"Electric guitar\") (tracks 1, 2, 5, 9, 10\\), hi\\-string guitar (track 4\\)\n* [Steve Wariner](/wiki/Steve_Wariner \"Steve Wariner\") \\- lead vocals (all tracks), background vocals (track 1\\), acoustic guitar (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7\\), acoustic guitar solo (track 3\\), electric guitar (tracks 6, 8\\-10\\), electric guitar solo (tracks 1, 6\\-9\\)\n* [Terry Wariner](https://www.discogs.com/artist/2079664-Terry-Wariner) \\- background vocals (tracks 3, 4, 6\\)\n* [Reggie Young](/wiki/Reggie_Young \"Reggie Young\") \\- electric guitar (all tracks)\n", "Chart performance\n-----------------\n\n\| Chart (1988\\) \| Peakposition \|\n\| --- \| --- \|\n\| U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums \| 20 \|\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:1988 albums](/wiki/Category:1988_albums \"1988 albums\")\n[Category:MCA Records albums](/wiki/Category:MCA_Records_albums \"MCA Records albums\")\n[Category:Steve Wariner albums](/wiki/Category:Steve_Wariner_albums \"Steve Wariner albums\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Magdanly	{ "id": [ 25274005 ], "name": [ "Tropicalkitty" ] }	adelt8asy43wu5q0v895ykzc8wyewdf	2023-09-24T08:29:48Z	1,176,836,324	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Etymology", "History", "Administrative Divisions", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 3, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nMagdanly ([Turkmen Cyrillic](/wiki/Turkmen_alphabet \"Turkmen alphabet\"): Магданлы; formerly known as Gowurdak or Gaurdak ), is a [city](/wiki/City \"City\") in [Köýtendag District](/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%BDtendag_District \"Köýtendag District\"), [Lebap Province](/wiki/Lebap_Province \"Lebap Province\"), [Turkmenistan](/wiki/Turkmenistan \"Turkmenistan\").\n\n", "Etymology\n---------\n\nThe word magdan means \"ore\" in [Turkmen](/wiki/Turkmen_language \"Turkmen language\"), and the suffix \\-ly means \"with\", hence \"with ore\". The area, in the foothills of the Köýtendag Mountains, is rich in various mineral ores. The former name, Gowurdak, referred to a mountain in that district which is mined for high\\-quality sulfur. Atanyyazow explains that the name Gowurdak \"is derived from the local dialect gövür ('sulfur') and the word dag, yielding 'sulfur mountain'.\"\n\n", "History\n-------\n\nThe name of the city was changed from Gowurdak to Magdanly on 8 September, 2002\\.\n\nOn 25 November 2017, Magdanly was downgraded from a city with \"district status\" to a city \"in a district\", subordinate to [Köýtendag District](/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%BDtendag_District \"Köýtendag District\").\n\n### Administrative Divisions\n\nPrior to losing its status as \"City with district status\", the city of Magdanly also had the following village councils (geňeşlikler) under its jurisdiction:\n\n* Çärjew (Çärjew)\n* Ýürekdepe (Ýürekdepe, Aýrybaba)\n\nBoth of these village councils were incorporated in [Köýtendag District](/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%BDtendag_District \"Köýtendag District\"). Later, on 9 November 2022, Ýürekdepe village council was dissolved, and its two subordinate villages were brought under the jurisdiction of Çärjew village council.\n\n", "### Administrative Divisions\n\nPrior to losing its status as \"City with district status\", the city of Magdanly also had the following village councils (geňeşlikler) under its jurisdiction:\n\n* Çärjew (Çärjew)\n* Ýürekdepe (Ýürekdepe, Aýrybaba)\n\nBoth of these village councils were incorporated in [Köýtendag District](/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%BDtendag_District \"Köýtendag District\"). Later, on 9 November 2022, Ýürekdepe village council was dissolved, and its two subordinate villages were brought under the jurisdiction of Çärjew village council.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Populated places in Mary Region](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Mary_Region \"Populated places in Mary Region\")\n[Category:Districts of Turkmenistan](/wiki/Category:Districts_of_Turkmenistan \"Districts of Turkmenistan\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Augustine Scriven	{ "id": [ 18872885 ], "name": [ "WikiCleanerBot" ] }	2mlv0ryohdwbupz59agf5n8ll7oipuk	2021-03-03T07:30:56Z	1,009,882,679	{ "title": [ "Augustine Scriven", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "Augustine Scriven (185221 July 1916\\)[The Times](/wiki/The_Times \"The Times\"), Monday, 24 July 1916; p. 11; Issue 41227; col E Obituaries Two Colonial Bishops was an eminent [Anglican](/wiki/Anglican \"Anglican\") priest in the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first two of the twentieth.[British Columbia Archival Union List](http://aabc.bc.ca/WWW.angbc.archbc/display.ANGBC-639) \n\nHe was born in [Spernall](/wiki/Spernall \"Spernall\"), [Sambourne](/wiki/Sambourne \"Sambourne\"), [Warwickshire](/wiki/Warwickshire \"Warwickshire\")[Genuki (1\\)](http://genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk/DEV/Martinhoe/Martinhoe1861.html) and educated at [St Mary Hall, Oxford](/wiki/St_Mary_Hall%2C_Oxford \"St Mary Hall, Oxford\")University Intelligence [The Times](/wiki/The_Times \"The Times\") Thursday, 5 April 1888; p. 10; Issue 32352; col C and [ordained](/wiki/Ordained \"Ordained\") in 1875\\.\"The Clergy List, Clerical Guide and Ecclesiastical Directory\" London, Hamilton \\& Co 1889 After [curacies](/wiki/Curate \"Curate\") at [Kirkham](/wiki/Kirkham%2C_North_Yorkshire \"Kirkham, North Yorkshire\") and [Frindsbury](/wiki/Frindsbury \"Frindsbury\")[\"Who was Who\"](/wiki/Who%27s_Who \"Who's Who\") 1897\\-1990 London, [A \\& C Black](/wiki/A_%26_C_Black \"A & C Black\"), 1991 he held [incumbencies](/wiki/Vicar \"Vicar\") at Martinhoe[Genuki (2\\)](http://genuki.cs.ncl.ac.uk/DEV/Martinhoe/Martinhoe1881.html) and St Peter, [Rochester](/wiki/Rochester%2C_Kent \"Rochester, Kent\"). In 1884 he became [Archdeacon](/wiki/Archdeacon \"Archdeacon\") of [Vancouver](/wiki/Vancouver \"Vancouver\")[Gen Forum](http://genforum.genealogy.com/cgi-bin/print.cgi?scriven::229.html) a post he held until his appointment to the [episcopate](/wiki/Episcopate \"Episcopate\") as [Bishop of British Columbia](/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_British_Columbia \"Anglican Diocese of British Columbia\") in 1915\\.[The Times](/wiki/The_Times \"The Times\"), Friday, 6 August 1915; p. 13; Issue 40926; col G New Bishop of British Columbia\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:1852 births](/wiki/Category:1852_births \"1852 births\")\n[Category:People from Stratford\\-on\\-Avon District](/wiki/Category:People_from_Stratford-on-Avon_District \"People from Stratford-on-Avon District\")\n[Category:Alumni of St Mary Hall, Oxford](/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_St_Mary_Hall%2C_Oxford \"Alumni of St Mary Hall, Oxford\")\n[Category:Anglican archdeacons in North America](/wiki/Category:Anglican_archdeacons_in_North_America \"Anglican archdeacons in North America\")\n[Category:Anglican bishops of British Columbia](/wiki/Category:Anglican_bishops_of_British_Columbia \"Anglican bishops of British Columbia\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Anglican_Church_of_Canada_bishops \"20th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops\")\n[Category:1916 deaths](/wiki/Category:1916_deaths \"1916 deaths\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Spherical measure	{ "id": [ 20530117 ], "name": [ "Mgkrupa" ] }	0zx61jc3a9sz4jb9ab9vhapb5mqm5r3	2021-12-23T05:38:00Z	1,025,009,312	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Definition of spherical measure", "Relationship with other measures", "Isoperimetric inequality", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "In [mathematics](/wiki/Mathematics \"Mathematics\") — specifically, in [geometric measure theory](/wiki/Geometric_measure_theory \"Geometric measure theory\") — spherical measure σn is the \"natural\" [Borel measure](/wiki/Borel_measure \"Borel measure\") on the [n\\-sphere](/wiki/N-sphere \"N-sphere\") Sn. Spherical measure is often normalized so that it is a [probability measure](/wiki/Probability_measure \"Probability measure\") on the sphere, i.e. so that σn(Sn) \\= 1\\.\n\n", "Definition of spherical measure\n-------------------------------\n\nThere are several ways to define spherical measure. One way is to use the usual \"round\" or \"[arclength](/wiki/Arclength \"Arclength\")\" [metric](/wiki/Metric_space \"Metric space\") ρn on Sn; that is, for points x and y in Sn, ρn(x, y) is defined to be the (Euclidean) angle that they subtend at the centre of the sphere (the origin of Rn\\+1). Now construct n\\-dimensional [Hausdorff measure](/wiki/Hausdorff_measure \"Hausdorff measure\") Hn on the metric space (Sn, ρn) and define\n\\\\sigma^{n} \\= \\\\frac{1}{H^{n}(\\\\mathbf{S}^{n})} H^{n}.\nOne could also have given Sn the metric that it inherits as a subspace of the Euclidean space Rn\\+1; the same spherical measure results from this choice of metric.\n\nAnother method uses [Lebesgue measure](/wiki/Lebesgue_measure \"Lebesgue measure\") λn\\+1 on the ambient Euclidean space Rn\\+1: for any measurable subset A of Sn, define σn(A) to be the (n \\+ 1\\)\\-dimensional volume of the \"wedge\" in the ball Bn\\+1 that it subtends at the origin. That is,\n\\\\sigma^{n}(A) :\\= \\\\frac{1}{\\\\alpha(n \\+ 1\\)} \\\\lambda^{n \\+ 1} ( \\\\{ t x \\\\mid x \\\\in A, t \\\\in \\[0, 1] \\\\} ),\nwhere\n\\\\alpha(m) :\\= \\\\lambda^{m} (\\\\mathbf{B}\\_{1}^{m} (0\\)).\n\nThe fact that all these methods define the same measure on Sn follows from an elegant result of Christensen: all these measures are obviously [uniformly distributed](/wiki/Uniformly_distributed_measure \"Uniformly distributed measure\") on Sn, and any two uniformly distributed Borel regular measures on a separable metric space must be constant (positive) multiples of one another. Since all our candidate σn's have been normalized to be probability measures, they are all the same measure.\n\n", "Relationship with other measures\n--------------------------------\n\nThe relationship of spherical measure to Hausdorff measure on the sphere and Lebesgue measure on the ambient space has already been discussed.\n\nSpherical measure has a nice relationship to [Haar measure](/wiki/Haar_measure \"Haar measure\") on the [orthogonal group](/wiki/Orthogonal_group \"Orthogonal group\"). Let O(n) denote the orthogonal group [acting](/wiki/Group_action_%28mathematics%29 \"Group action (mathematics)\") on Rn and let θn denote its normalized Haar measure (so that θn(O(n)) \\= 1\\). The orthogonal group also acts on the sphere Sn−1. Then, for any x ∈ Sn−1 and any A ⊆ Sn−1,\n\\\\theta^{n}(\\\\{ g \\\\in \\\\mathrm{O}(n) \\\\mid g(x) \\\\in A \\\\}) \\= \\\\sigma^{n \\- 1}(A).\n\nIn the case that Sn is a [topological group](/wiki/Topological_group \"Topological group\") (that is, when n is 0, 1 or 3\\), spherical measure σn coincides with (normalized) Haar measure on Sn.\n\n", "Isoperimetric inequality\n------------------------\n\nThere is an [isoperimetric inequality](/wiki/Isoperimetric_inequality \"Isoperimetric inequality\") for the sphere with its usual metric and spherical measure (see Ledoux \\& Talagrand, chapter 1\\):\n\nIf A ⊆ Sn−1 is any Borel set and B⊆ Sn−1 is a ρn\\-ball with the same σn\\-measure as A, then, for any r \\> 0,\n\\\\sigma^{n}(A\\_{r}) \\\\geq \\\\sigma^{n}(B\\_{r}),\nwhere Ar denotes the \"inflation\" of A by r, i.e.\nA\\_{r} :\\= \\\\{ x \\\\in \\\\mathbf{S}^{n} \\\\mid \\\\rho\\_{n}(x, A) \\\\leq r \\\\}.\nIn particular, if σn(A) ≥ and n ≥ 2, then\n\\\\sigma^{n}(A\\_{r}) \\\\geq 1 \\- \\\\sqrt{\\\\frac{\\\\pi}{8 \\\\, \\\\exp \\\\left( \\- \\\\frac{(n \\- 1\\) r^{2{2} \\\\right).\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n* (See chapter 1\\)\n* (See chapter 3\\)\n\n[Category:Measures (measure theory)](/wiki/Category:Measures_%28measure_theory%29 \"Measures (measure theory)\")\n\n" ] }
Hornet (DC Thomson)	{ "id": [ 22041646 ], "name": [ "Narky Blert" ] }	8aqmw9pptfoybltwri8kuc3nryy6ry8	2024-07-24T07:50:44Z	1,146,863,542	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Notable strips and characters", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*The Hornet* was a British boys' [comic](/wiki/Comic_book \"Comic book\") published by [D. C. Thomson \\& Co.](/wiki/D._C._Thomson_%26_Co. \"D. C. Thomson & Co.\") for 648 issuesPaul Sassienie, The Comic Book: The One Essential Guide for Comic Book Fans Everywhere, Edison, New Jersey: Chartwell, 1994, [p. 252](https://books.google.com/books?id=unVlAAAAMAAJ&q=HORNET.+THE+DC.+THOMSON+648+1963+). from 14 September 1963Jeremy Briggs, [\"Calling Warlord Agents!\"](http://www.downthetubes.net/features/interviews/editors/bill_graham310308.html) Interview with Bill Graham, Downthetubes.com: \"August 5th, 1963\\. I remember it like it was yesterday. I was put on the staff of The Hornet on the day the first issue went to press\".Roger Sabin, Comics, Comix \\& Graphic Novels, London: Phaidon, 1996, repr. 2001, ISPN 0\\-7148\\-3993\\-0, [p. 49](https://books.google.com/books?id=rR7uAAAAMAAJ&q=by+launching+new+titles%2C+the+most+famous+of+which+were+Victor+(1961)+and+Hornet+(1963)): \"DC Thomson hit back \\[after the launch of Eagle] . . . by launching new titles, the most famous of which were [Victor](/wiki/The_Victor_%28comics%29 \"The Victor (comics)\") (1961\\) and Hornet (1963\\).\" to 7 February 1976, after which it was merged with [The Hotspur](/wiki/Hotspur_%28comic%29 \"Hotspur (comic)\").[The Hornet](http://26pigs.com/hornet/index.html) at 26pigs.com. The free gift with the first issue was a balsa wood \"Kestral Glider\".\n\n", "Notable strips and characters\n-----------------------------\n\n* The Blazing Ace of Spades \\- starring Richard Starr, a ruthless [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\") fighter pilot\n* V for Vengeance (1965–75; 1976–80 The Hotspur) \\- starring the Deathless Men, masked concentration camp escapees who first appeared in prose format in [The Wizard](/wiki/The_Wizard_%28comic%29 \"The Wizard (comic)\") in 1942\\.Mike Conroy, War Stories: A Graphic History, New York: Ilex/Harper, 2009, , [p. 116](https://books.google.com/books?id=oWUqAQAAIAAJ&q=V+for+Vengeance).\n* [William Wilson](/wiki/Wilson_the_Wonder_Athlete \"Wilson the Wonder Athlete\"), first appeared in prose format in The Wizard in 1943, appeared in picture form in The Hornet starting on 12 September 1964\\.Graham Kibble\\-White, The Ultimate Book of British Comics, London: Allison \\& Busby, 2005, , [p. 218](https://books.google.com/books?id=os8bAQAAIAAJ&q=Hornet+Wilson+).Paul Gravett and Peter Stanbury, Great British Comics: Celebrating a Century of Ripping Yarns and Wizard Wheezes, London: Aurum, 2006, , p. 166\\.\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [The Hornet](http://www.comics.org/series/46258/) at the [Grand Comics Database](/wiki/Grand_Comics_Database \"Grand Comics Database\")\n* Adrian Banfield, [A brief history of The Victor \\- (1961\\- 1992, published every Monday)](http://www.victorhornetcomics.co.uk/vicnethistory.html), 2008\\.\n* Adrian Banfield, [The Hornet Index](http://www.victorhornetcomics.co.uk/hornetindex.html), April 2010\\.\n\n[Category:DC Thomson Comics titles](/wiki/Category:DC_Thomson_Comics_titles \"DC Thomson Comics titles\")\n[Category:Comics magazines published in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Comics_magazines_published_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Comics magazines published in the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:1963 comics debuts](/wiki/Category:1963_comics_debuts \"1963 comics debuts\")\n[Category:1976 comics endings](/wiki/Category:1976_comics_endings \"1976 comics endings\")\n[Category:Defunct British comics](/wiki/Category:Defunct_British_comics \"Defunct British comics\")\n[Category:Magazines established in 1963](/wiki/Category:Magazines_established_in_1963 \"Magazines established in 1963\")\n[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1976](/wiki/Category:Magazines_disestablished_in_1976 \"Magazines disestablished in 1976\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Kang Nam 1	{ "id": [ 27823944 ], "name": [ "GreenC bot" ] }	grb5prjqluwrth304wi9muuvcui0gf2	2024-09-16T01:30:56Z	1,244,093,243	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "June/July 2009 events", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n* + - The *Kang Nam 1* is a 2,000 [ton](/wiki/Displacement_%28ship%29 \"Displacement (ship)\") [North Korean](/wiki/North_Korea \"North Korea\") cargo ship.\n\t\tIt is one of a series of five vessels, owned by the [North Korean government](/wiki/Government_of_North_Korea \"Government of North Korea\"), named Kang Nam 1 through Kang Nam 5.\n\t\tAccording to South Korean media reports, the Kang Nam 1 itself was probably built in Germany in the late 1980s. It then passed through a series of owners to a South Korean maritime firm, which in turn sold it to North Korea. In the summer of 2009, the ship left North Korean waters and entered international waters, probably carrying military equipment bound for [Burma](/wiki/Burma \"Burma\") while being monitored by the U.S. Navy, before it turned back and headed for North Korea.\n\n", "June/July 2009 events\n---------------------\n\nThe Kang Nam 1 came to international attention 17 June 2009, after leaving port in [Nampo](/wiki/Nampo \"Nampo\"), [North Korea](/wiki/North_Korea \"North Korea\") and entered [International waters](/wiki/International_waters \"International waters\"). It began travelling South, along the Chinese coastline. A [South Korean](/wiki/South_Korea \"South Korea\") intelligence report fed speculation that the ship was destined for [Myanmar](/wiki/Myanmar \"Myanmar\") (Burma) via [Singapore](/wiki/Singapore \"Singapore\") with a cargo of weapons banned by the [United Nations Security Council](/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\"), which permits North Korean ships to be searched if suspected of carrying illegal cargo under [Resolution 1874](/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1874 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874\"). Monitoring by the [U.S. Navy](/wiki/United_States_Navy \"United States Navy\") began almost immediately, and the began pursuit at some point after that.\nNorth Korea warned that forced inspection of the ship would be considered an \"act of war\". Singapore responded that it would \"act appropriately\" if the ship were to dock at its port.\n[Burmese state media](/wiki/Media_of_Burma \"Media of Burma\") denied that the Kang Nam 1 was coming to dock there,\nbut mentioned that a \"rice\\-bearing\" North Korean ship was due to dock at the end of the week.\n\nThe crisis took an unusual (and literal) turn when, without explanation, sometime during 28–29 June, the Kang Nam 1 reversed its course.\nWhile the ship traveled back toward North Korea, several regional news agencies published more information about it and its possible mission. South Korean intelligence sources reported that the freighter was likely carrying North Korean\\-manufactured Soviet\\-era small arms such as [AK\\-47](/wiki/AK-47 \"AK-47\") rifles and [RPG\\-7](/wiki/RPG-7 \"RPG-7\") anti\\-tank launchers.\nAn unnamed South Korean government source told the [Yonhap News Agency](/wiki/Yonhap \"Yonhap\") that payment for the weapons from Myanmar's government were to take place via an unnamed bank in [Malaysia](/wiki/Malaysia \"Malaysia\"), but had probably been stopped after a U.S. envoy visited Malaysia on 6 July to discuss the situation.\nMyanmar denied involvement with the ship or its cargo,\nand Malaysia insisted that it would not be involved in \"money laundering\" and would cooperate if provided any information on the alleged scheme.\n\nThe Kang Nam 1 eventually returned to its port of origin in North Korea, sometime between 6 and 8 July,\nattention on it largely displaced when North Korea [fired seven test missiles](/wiki/2009_North_Korean_missile_test \"2009 North Korean missile test\") during its return voyage.\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of North Korean merchant ships](/wiki/List_of_North_Korean_merchant_ships \"List of North Korean merchant ships\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Merchant ships of North Korea](/wiki/Category:Merchant_ships_of_North_Korea \"Merchant ships of North Korea\")\n\n" ] }
List of state highways in Rajasthan	{ "id": [ 35936988 ], "name": [ "JJMC89 bot III" ] }	6jjdwmbyshhdsm8ld40fz1njfrhrlyh	2024-08-25T20:03:02Z	1,240,549,252	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Expressways", "State highways", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n[Rajasthan](/wiki/Rajasthan \"Rajasthan\") state has a good road network. The name of that highway is Rajasthan State Highway as \"RJ SH\", There are 48 [National Highways](/wiki/National_Highway_%28India%29 \"National Highway (India)\") in Rajasthan with total length of 10618\\.09 km;and 170 [State Highways](/wiki/State_Highway_%28India%29 \"State Highway (India)\") with total length of 17237 km.\n\n", "Expressways\n-----------\n\nList of Expressways in Rajasthan is as follows:\n\n* 1\\. [Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway](/wiki/Amritsar%E2%80%93Jamnagar_Expressway \"Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway\") EC\\-3 [NH\\-754](/wiki/National_Highway_754_%28India%29 \"National Highway 754 (India)\"), 1,257 km, greenfield, 6\\-lane.\n\n \n\n* 2\\. [Ludhiana–Bathinda–Ajmer Expressway](/wiki/Ludhiana%E2%80%93Bathinda%E2%80%93Ajmer_Expressway \"Ludhiana–Bathinda–Ajmer Expressway\"), greenfield, 6\\-lane.\n\n \n\n* 3\\. [Delhi–Jaipur Super Expressway](/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Jaipur_Super_Expressway \"Delhi–Jaipur Super Expressway\"), 195\\.1, will run parallel to [NH\\-48](/wiki/National_Highway_48_%28India%29 \"National Highway 48 (India)\") from Kherki Daula (Gurgaon) to Chandwaji, greenfield, under\\-construction.[Delhi–Jaipur Super Expressway status](https://themetrorailguy.com/nhai-delhi-jaipur-expressway-information-route-map-status/), themetrorailguy.com, accessed 19 July 2023\\.\n\n \n\n* 4\\. [Delhi–Jaipur Expressway](/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Jaipur_Expressway \"Delhi–Jaipur Expressway\") [NH\\-48](/wiki/National_Highway_48_%28India%29 \"National Highway 48 (India)\"), operational.\n\n \n\n* 5\\. [Delhi–Mumbai Expressway](/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Mumbai_Expressway \"Delhi–Mumbai Expressway\"), greenfield, operational.\n\t+ 5a. [Jaipur–Kishangarh Expressway](/wiki/Jaipur%E2%80%93Kishangarh_Expressway \"Jaipur–Kishangarh Expressway\"), greenfield, operational.\n\n \n\n Planned, but not yet approved by MoRTH.\n\n* 6\\. Kisthwar\\-Ludiana\\-Hisar\\-Mandsaur\\-Pune\\-Panvel roure.\n\t+ 6a. [Kishtwar\\-Ludhiana\\-Hisar\\-Jaipur\\-Kota\\-Mandsaur\\- Expressway](/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Punjab%23Expressway \"List of state highways in Punjab#Expressway\"), mix of brownfield and greenfield.\n\t+ 6b. Mandsaur\\-Ratlam\\-, Shirdi\\-Pune\\-Dhabol\\-Panji Expressway, mix of brownfield and greenfield. From Mandsaur, Ratlam, Rajgarh, Barwani, Shirpur, Dhile, Malegaon, Manmad, Shirdi, Sangamner, Pune, Malkhed, Velhe, Mahad, Dapoli, Dhabol\\-Guhagar (bridge), Jaigad (bridge), Ratnagiri, Vijaydurg to Panvel.\n\n \n\n* 7\\. [DSDBO\\-Chandigarh\\-Hisar\\-Beawar\\-Vadodra Expressway to Mumbai](/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Punjab%23Expressway \"List of state highways in Punjab#Expressway\"), mix of brownfield and greenfield.\n\n \n\n* 8\\. [Ambala\\-Patiala\\-Sirsa\\-Anupgarh Expressway](/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Punjab%23Expressway \"List of state highways in Punjab#Expressway\"), mix of brownfield and greenfield.\n\n \n\n* 9\\. [Killar\\-Pathankot\\-Fazilka\\-Sri Ganganagar Expressway](/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Punjab%23Expressway \"List of state highways in Punjab#Expressway\"), mix of brownfield and greenfield.\n\n \n\n* 10\\. Sri Ganganagar\\-Ramgarh\\-Badhwa Expressway, greenfield, along Pakistan border via Anupgarh, Khajuwala, Ranjeetpura to Badhwa \\& Jasiya on Pakistan border.\n\n \n\n* 11\\. Jaisalmer Expressway, brownfield \\& greenfield. From Badhwa to Loonar, Sam, Jaisalmer, Buili, Tanot/Kishangarh, Longewala, Badhwa.\n\n \n\n* 12\\. Sam\\-Mavsari\\-Tharad\\-Deesa\\-Palanpur\\-Bichhiwara\\-Dungarpur\\-Pratapgarh route.\n\t+ 12a. Sam\\-Mavsari Expressway, direct alignment, mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Gagriya, Dadusar, Binjasar, Bakhasar\\-Mavsari.\n\t+ 12b. Mavsari\\-Palanpur Expressway, direct alignment, mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Gagriya, Dadusar, Binjasar, Bakhasar\\-Mavsari, Tharad, Deesa, Palanpur, Idar, Biloda, Bichhiwara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh.\n\n \n\n* 13\\. Dadoorewala\\-Phalodi\\-Jaipur Expressway, mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Nachna, Phalodi, Nagaur, Makeana\\-Kuchaman, Jobner, Jaipur.\n\n \n\n* 14\\. Khajuwala\\-Bikaner\\-Kuchaman Expressway, mix of brownfield and greenfield, meet \"Dadoorewala\\-Phalodi\\-Jaipur Expressway\" near Kuchaman.\n\n \n\n* 15\\. Sri Ganganagar\\-Narnaul\\-Mathura\\-Khatima Expressway, mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Taranagar, Sardulpur, Pilani, Buhana, Narnaul, Alwar, Mathura, Bareilly, Khatima.\n\n \n\n* 16\\. Delhi\\-Mahendragarh\\-Jodhpur\\-Binjasar Expressway, mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Najafgarh, Badli, Kosli, Mahendragarh, Sikar, Malusar, Khatu Khurd, Kuchera, Gotan, Jodhpur, Jodhpur\\-Balotra\\-Sindhari existing, Sindhari\\-Mangta\\-Itada\\-Binhasar greenfield.\n\n \n\n* 17\\. Delhi\\-Narnaul\\-Sir Creek Expressway (West Aravalli Expressway), mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Dwarka, Badsa, Jatusana, Narnaul, Neem ka Thana, Khatoo, Parbatsar, Pushkar, Bar, Bar\\-Pali existing, Deeri, Jalore, Bhinmal, Sanchore, Tharad, Suigam\\-Dholavira\\-Khavda\\-Lakhpat\\-Narayan Sarovar direct alignment with Lakhpat\\-Sir Creek spur.\n\n \n\n* 18\\. Nagaur\\-Phalsund\\-Sundra Expressway, mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Khimsar, Osian, Jaitsar, Phalsund, Sheo, Maharon ki Dhani, Unrod, Nohdiyal, Sundra.\n\n \n\n* 19\\. Chittorgarh\\-Ahmdabad Expressway, mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Mangalwad, Biloda, Bhanpa, Panoond, Morpura, Karawali, Slumber, Intali Khera, Dungarpur, Himmatnagar. Connects to Ahmdabad\\-Bhavnagar Expressway.\n* 20\\. Balotra\\-Ahmdabad\\-Khambat Expressway, mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Bhinmal\\-Raniwada\\-Deesa direct alignment, Mehsana, Sanand, Khambat\\-Valvod\\-Vadodra.\n\n \n\n* 21\\. Hisar\\-Mahajan Expressway, mix of brownfield and greenfield, via Balsamand, Bhadra, Sahwa, Bisarasar (Pallu), Beer Sangreu (Mahajan).\n\t+ 21a. Beer Sangreu (Mahajan)\\-Chhatgarh\\-Khajuwala spur.\n\n \n\n* 22\\. Hanumangarh\\-Hisar\\-Bhiwani\\-Delhi Expressway, greenfield, via Tibbi, Rania, Bhattu, Adampur, Hisar, Kanwari, Baliyali, Tograna, Bamla, Chhuchhakwas, Badli, Dwarka.\n\n \n\n* 23\\. Bijolia\\-Bundi\\-Sirmathura\\-Etah Expressway (Northern Chambal Expressway), via Bundi, Lakheri, Khandar, Karanpur, Mandrayal, Sirmathura, Dholpur, Firozabad, Etah.\n\n \n\n* 24\\. Narwana\\-Rewari\\-Sirmathura\\-Datia Expressway (Ludhiana\\-Vishakhapatnam route), brownfield and greenfield, via Narwana, Rakhi Garhi, Narnaund, Mundhal, Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri, Rewari, Kisangarh Bas/Khairthal\\-Rampur\\-Seetal direct, Seetal\\-Pinan\\-Mahwa\\-Hindaun\\-Masalpur\\-Sirmathura, Kailaras bridge, Mohana, Datia.\n\n \n\n* 25\\. Gurugram\\-Barsana\\-Agra Expressway, greenfield. From Panchgaon/Kalwari in Gurugram, Tauru, Nuh, Uttawar/Hathin, Punhana, Nai, Barsana, Nandgaon, Govardhan, Jajan Patti, Fatehpur Sikri, Kagarol, Saiyan, Bah, Rajakhera, Bah.\n\t+ 25a. Punhana\\-Hodal\\-Hassanpur\\-Mohna spur with Hassanpur\\-Tappal\\-Jahangirpura sub\\-spur\n\t+ 25b. Punhana\\-Bharatpur\\-Bari\\-Joura spur, upgrade to National Highway, Bari\\-Joura will be access\\-controlled greenfield.\n\n", "State highways\n--------------\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Expressways of India](/wiki/Expressways_of_India \"Expressways of India\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n* [Public Works Department, Government Of Rajasthan](https://web.archive.org/web/20101215135734/http://pwd.rajasthan.gov.in/uploads/files/0405200962915PMlist%20of%20SH.pdf)\n* [State Highways in Rajasthan](http://www.mygkbook.com/rajasthan-ka-bhugol/rajasthan-parivahan-gk/)\n\n[State Highways](/wiki/Category:Roads_in_Rajasthan \"Roads in Rajasthan\")\n\n[Rajasthan State Highways](/wiki/Category:Lists_of_roads_in_India \"Lists of roads in India\")\n[State Highways](/wiki/Category:Rajasthan-related_lists \"Rajasthan-related lists\")\n\n" ] }
Funagira Dam	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "47.144.245.136" ] }	orczgalcyqunn8v04155a0z5mejqwz0	2024-09-05T07:13:04Z	1,219,458,381	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "History", "Design", "Surroundings", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe is a [dam](/wiki/Dam \"Dam\") on the [Tenryū River](/wiki/Tenry%C5%AB_River \"Tenryū River\"), located in [Tenryū district](/wiki/Tenry%C5%AB-ku%2C_Hamamatsu \"Tenryū-ku, Hamamatsu\"), [Hamamatsu](/wiki/Hamamatsu \"Hamamatsu\") city, [Shizuoka Prefecture](/wiki/Shizuoka_Prefecture \"Shizuoka Prefecture\") on the island of [Honshū](/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB \"Honshū\"), [Japan](/wiki/Japan \"Japan\").\n\n", "History\n-------\n\nThe potential of the Tenryū River valley for [hydroelectric power](/wiki/Hydroelectric_power \"Hydroelectric power\") development was realized by the [Taishō period](/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_period \"Taishō period\") Japanese government in the early 20th century. The Tenryū River was characterized by a high volume of flow and a fast current. Its mountainous upper reaches and tributaries were areas of steep valleys and abundant rainfall, and were sparsely populated, and the Tenryū River’s propensity for flooding made [flood control](/wiki/Flood_control \"Flood control\") a priority. By the late 1960s, numerous dams had been constructed on the river’s upper and middle reaches and on several of its tributaries.\n\nThe Funagira Dam was the last major dam to be completed on the Tenryū River, and was built only 30 kilometers from the river mouth at the [piedmont](/wiki/Foothills \"Foothills\") point of the river. Construction work began on the Funagira Dam in 1972 and was completed by 1977 by a consortium of the [Kumagaya\\-gumi](/wiki/Kumagaya-gumi \"Kumagaya-gumi\") and [Nishimatsu Construction](/wiki/Nishimatsu_Construction \"Nishimatsu Construction\").\n\n", "Design\n------\n\nThe Funagira Dam is a hollow\\-core concrete [gravity dam](/wiki/Gravity_dam \"Gravity dam\") with several central [spillways](/wiki/Spillway \"Spillway\"). It supplies water to the nearby Funagira Hydroelectric Power Station, with a rated capacity of 32,000 kW. \n\n", "Surroundings\n------------\n\nThe Funagira Dam Reservoir is a popular attraction for canoeing and camping, due to its proximity to downtown Hamamatsu.\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of dams and reservoirs in Japan](/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Japan \"List of dams and reservoirs in Japan\")\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n* Japan Commission on Large Dams. Dams in Japan: Past, Present and Future. CRC Press (2009\\). \n* [photo page with data](http://damsuki.com/dams/nph-txt.cgi/1178/htm/)\n\n[Category:Gravity dams](/wiki/Category:Gravity_dams \"Gravity dams\")\n[Category:Dams in Shizuoka Prefecture](/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Shizuoka_Prefecture \"Dams in Shizuoka Prefecture\")\n[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Japan](/wiki/Category:Hydroelectric_power_stations_in_Japan \"Hydroelectric power stations in Japan\")\n[Category:Dams completed in 1977](/wiki/Category:Dams_completed_in_1977 \"Dams completed in 1977\")\n\n" ] }
Catete River (Iriri River tributary)	{ "id": [ 27823944 ], "name": [ "GreenC bot" ] }	iqnganjcu6ecb1mbqrnu1a474753zoj	2023-02-17T13:46:33Z	1,065,873,068	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\nThe Catete River is a left tributary of the [Iriri River](/wiki/Iriri_River \"Iriri River\") in [Pará](/wiki/Par%C3%A1 \"Pará\") state in north\\-central [Brazil](/wiki/Brazil \"Brazil\").\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of rivers of Pará](/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Par%C3%A1 \"List of rivers of Pará\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n* [Brazilian Ministry of Transport](https://www.gifex.com/imapa/americas/md_Para_brazil.pdf)\n\n[Category:Rivers of Pará](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Par%C3%A1 \"Rivers of Pará\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347	{ "id": [ 1752894 ], "name": [ "Dsp13" ] }	is15h53snr0902yk5uwqxsetbux5xnu	2024-10-02T09:05:48Z	1,243,067,618	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Background", "Kantakouzenos' regency: June–September 1341", "Outbreak of the war: Autumn 1341", "Kantakouzenos seeks Dušan's aid: 1342", "Kantakouzenos resurgent: 1343–1345", "Last years of the war: 1345–1347", "Peace settlement and Kantakouzenos' reign", "Consequences", "References", "Sources" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n* + \n\nThe Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, sometimes referred to as the Second Palaiologan Civil War, was a conflict that broke out in the [Byzantine Empire](/wiki/Byzantine_Empire \"Byzantine Empire\") after the death of [Andronikos III Palaiologos](/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos \"Andronikos III Palaiologos\") over the guardianship of his nine\\-year\\-old son and heir, [John V Palaiologos](/wiki/John_V_Palaiologos \"John V Palaiologos\"). It pitted on the one hand Andronikos III's chief minister, [John VI Kantakouzenos](/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos \"John VI Kantakouzenos\"), and on the other a regency headed by the Empress\\-Dowager [Anna of Savoy](/wiki/Anna_of_Savoy \"Anna of Savoy\"), the [Patriarch of Constantinople](/wiki/Patriarch_of_Constantinople \"Patriarch of Constantinople\") [John XIV Kalekas](/wiki/John_XIV_Kalekas \"John XIV Kalekas\"), and the [Alexios Apokaukos](/wiki/Alexios_Apokaukos \"Alexios Apokaukos\"). The war polarized Byzantine society along class lines, with the aristocracy backing Kantakouzenos and the lower and middle classes supporting the regency. To a lesser extent, the conflict acquired religious overtones; Byzantium was embroiled in the [Hesychast controversy](/wiki/Hesychast_controversy \"Hesychast controversy\"), and adherence to the [mystical](/wiki/Mysticism \"Mysticism\") doctrine of [Hesychasm](/wiki/Hesychasm \"Hesychasm\") was often equated with support for Kantakouzenos.\n\nAs the chief aide and closest friend of Emperor Andronikos III, Kantakouzenos became regent for the underage John V upon Andronikos's death in June 1341\\. While Kantakouzenos was absent from [Constantinople](/wiki/Constantinople \"Constantinople\") in September the same year, a [coup d'état](/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat \"Coup d'état\") led by Alexios Apokaukos and the Patriarch John XIV secured the support of Empress Anna and established a new regency. In response, Kantakouzenos' army and supporters proclaimed him co\\-emperor in October, cementing the rift between himself and the new regency. The split immediately escalated into armed conflict.\n\nDuring the first years of the war, forces of the regency prevailed. In the wake of several anti\\-aristocratic uprisings, most notably that of the [Zealots](/wiki/Zealots_of_Thessalonica \"Zealots of Thessalonica\") in [Thessalonica](/wiki/Thessalonica \"Thessalonica\"), a majority of the cities in [Thrace](/wiki/Thrace \"Thrace\") and [Macedonia](/wiki/Macedonia_%28region%29 \"Macedonia (region)\") came under regency control. With assistance from [Stefan Dušan](/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an \"Stefan Dušan\") of [Serbia](/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages \"Serbia in the Middle Ages\") and [Umur Beg](/wiki/Umur_Beg \"Umur Beg\") of [Aydin](/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nids \"Aydınids\"), Kantakouzenos successfully reversed these gains. By 1345, despite Dušan's defection to the opposition and the withdrawal of Umur, Kantakouzenos retained the upper hand through the assistance of [Orhan](/wiki/Orhan \"Orhan\"), ruler of the [Ottoman beylik](/wiki/Ottoman_beylik \"Ottoman beylik\"). The June 1345 murder of Apokaukos, the regency's chief administrator, dealt the regency a severe blow. Formally crowned as emperor in [Adrianople](/wiki/Adrianople \"Adrianople\") in 1346, Kantakouzenos entered Constantinople on 3 February 1347\\. By agreement, he was to rule for ten years as the senior emperor and regent for John V, until the boy came of age and ruled alongside him. Despite this apparent victory, subsequent [resumption of the civil war](/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1352%E2%80%9357 \"Byzantine civil war of 1352–57\") forced John VI Kantakouzenos to abdicate and retire to become a monk in 1354\\.\n\nThe consequences of the prolonged conflict proved disastrous for the Empire, which had regained a measure of stability under Andronikos III. Seven years of warfare, the presence of marauding armies, social turmoil, and the advent of the [Black Death](/wiki/Black_Death \"Black Death\") devastated Byzantium and reduced it to a [rump state](/wiki/Rump_state \"Rump state\"). The conflict also allowed Dušan to conquer [Albania](/wiki/Albania \"Albania\"), [Epirus](/wiki/Epirus \"Epirus\") and most of Macedonia, where he established the [Serbian Empire](/wiki/Serbian_Empire \"Serbian Empire\"). The [Bulgarian Empire](/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire \"Second Bulgarian Empire\") also acquired territory north of the [Evros river](/wiki/Maritsa \"Maritsa\").\n\n", "Background\n----------\n\nIn 1341, the Byzantine Empire was in a state of turmoil, and despite the restoration of the Empire's capital to [Constantinople](/wiki/Constantinople \"Constantinople\") and the recovery of a measure of its former power by [Michael VIII Palaiologos](/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos \"Michael VIII Palaiologos\") (), the policies implemented during his reign had exhausted the state's resources, and the Empire's strength waned under his successor, [Andronikos II Palaiologos](/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos \"Andronikos II Palaiologos\") ().; During Andronikos' long reign, the remaining Byzantine possessions in [Asia Minor](/wiki/Asia_Minor \"Asia Minor\") slowly fell to the advancing [Turks](/wiki/Anatolian_Turkish_beyliks \"Anatolian Turkish beyliks\"), most notably the newly established [Ottoman emirate](/wiki/Ottoman_emirate \"Ottoman emirate\"). This caused a flood of refugees into Byzantium's European provinces, while at the same time, the [Catalan Company](/wiki/Catalan_Company \"Catalan Company\") wrought havoc in the imperial domains. Taxes also rose dramatically to finance tributes to the Empire's enemies. A combination of these failures and personal ambition moved the Emperor's grandson and heir, the young [Andronikos III Palaiologos](/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos \"Andronikos III Palaiologos\"), to revolt. Supported by a group of young aristocrats led by [John Kantakouzenos](/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos \"John VI Kantakouzenos\") and [Syrgiannes Palaiologos](/wiki/Syrgiannes_Palaiologos \"Syrgiannes Palaiologos\"), Andronikos III deposed his grandfather after a [series of conflicts](/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1321%E2%80%9328 \"Byzantine civil war of 1321–28\") during the 1320s.; Although successful in removing the old Emperor from power, the war did not augur well for the future, as the Empire's neighbours—the [Serbs](/wiki/Medieval_Serbia \"Medieval Serbia\"), [Bulgarians](/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire \"Second Bulgarian Empire\"), Turks, [Genoese](/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa \"Republic of Genoa\") and [Venetians](/wiki/Republic_of_Venice \"Republic of Venice\")—took advantage of Byzantine infighting to gain territory or expand their influence within the Empire.\n\n[thumb\\\|left\\\|upright\\=0\\.8\\\|alt\\=Upper torso of a young bearded man. He wears a golden domed crown and is dressed in a long black, heavily gold\\-embroidered robe. One hand holds a scepter; the other, an akakia.\\\|Emperor Andronikos III, who supervised the last period of recovery of the Byzantine state.](/wiki/File:Andronikos_III_Palaiologos.jpg \"Andronikos III Palaiologos.jpg\")\n\nThe only son of a former governor of the Byzantine holdings in the [Morea](/wiki/Morea \"Morea\"), John Kantakouzenos was related to the Palaiologoi through his mother. He inherited vast estates in [Macedonia](/wiki/Macedonia_%28region%29 \"Macedonia (region)\"), [Thrace](/wiki/Thrace \"Thrace\") and [Thessaly](/wiki/Thessaly \"Thessaly\"), and became a childhood friend and the closest and most trusted advisor of Andronikos III. During Andronikos III's reign (1328–1341\\), John Kantakouzenos acted as his chief minister, holding the office of , commander\\-in\\-chief of the [Byzantine army](/wiki/Palaiologan_Byzantine_army \"Palaiologan Byzantine army\"). The relationship between the two remained close, and in 1330, when the heirless Andronikos III (John V was born in 1332\\) fell ill he insisted that Kantakouzenos be proclaimed Emperor or regent after his death. Their ties were further strengthened in the spring of 1341, when the latter's eldest son, [Matthew Kantakouzenos](/wiki/Matthew_Kantakouzenos \"Matthew Kantakouzenos\"), wed [Irene Palaiologina](/wiki/Irene_Palaiologina_%28Byzantine_empress%29 \"Irene Palaiologina (Byzantine empress)\"), a cousin of the Emperor.\n\nUnlike Andronikos II, who had disbanded the Byzantine army and navy, and who favoured monks and intellectuals, Andronikos III was an energetic ruler who personally led his forces in military campaigns. In 1329, his first campaign against the Ottomans resulted in a disastrous defeat at the [Battle of Pelekanos](/wiki/Battle_of_Pelekanos \"Battle of Pelekanos\"), after which the Byzantine position in [Bithynia](/wiki/Bithynia \"Bithynia\") rapidly collapsed.; ; Subsequent sorties into the Balkans were nevertheless successful in shoring up Andronikos' tottering realm. Thessaly and the [Despotate of Epirus](/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus \"Despotate of Epirus\"), two territories separated from the Empire after the [Fourth Crusade](/wiki/Fourth_Crusade \"Fourth Crusade\"), were restored to imperial rule, almost without bloodshed in 1328 and 1337 respectively.; ; Andronikos III also rebuilt a modest fleet, which allowed him to recover the rich and strategically placed island of [Chios](/wiki/Chios \"Chios\") from the Genoese [Zaccaria](/wiki/Zaccaria \"Zaccaria\") family in 1329 as well as to claim the allegiance of [Andreolo Cattaneo](/wiki/Andreolo_Cattaneo \"Andreolo Cattaneo\"), the Genoese governor of [Phocaea](/wiki/Phocaea \"Phocaea\") on the Anatolian mainland. In 1335, however, Andreolo's son [Domenico](/wiki/Domenico_Cattaneo \"Domenico Cattaneo\") captured the island of [Lesbos](/wiki/Lesbos \"Lesbos\") with Genoese assistance. The Emperor led a fleet to recover it and Phocaea, and requested the aid of the Turkish emirs of [Saruhan](/wiki/Sarukhanids \"Sarukhanids\") and [Aydin](/wiki/Aydinids \"Aydinids\"). Saruhan sent troops and supplies, but Aydin's ruler [Umur Beg](/wiki/Umur_Beg \"Umur Beg\") came to meet the Emperor in person. It was during this encounter that Kantakouzenos and Umur established a long\\-lasting close friendship and alliance.\n\nA war with Serbia in 1331–1334 proved less successful for the Emperor when several towns in Macedonia were captured by the Serbs, led by the renegade Syrgiannes Palaiologos. These gains were only curtailed when the assassination of Syrgiannes and the threat of a [Hungarian](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary \"Kingdom of Hungary\") invasion forced the Serbian ruler, [Stefan Dušan](/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an \"Stefan Dušan\"), to seek a negotiated settlement.; The subsequent peace treaty concluded between Andronikos III and Dušan was important for the future of Byzantine\\-Serbian relations. For the first time, the Byzantines recognized the extensive gains the Serbs had made at the Empire's expense in the central Balkans during Andronikos II's reign. In the aftermath of the pact, Dušan also moved his seat, and with it his realm's centre of gravity, south to [Prilep](/wiki/Prilep \"Prilep\").\n\nAlthough the loss of Asia Minor proved irreversible, successes in Epirus and Thessaly led to a consolidation of the Empire in the Greek\\-speaking lands of the southern Balkans. Andronikos III and Kantakouzenos planned further campaigns to recover the [Latin principalities](/wiki/Latinokratia \"Latinokratia\") of southern Greece, a project of major long\\-term importance, for, as the historian [Donald Nicol](/wiki/Donald_Nicol \"Donald Nicol\") writes, \"if the whole peninsula of Greece could be united under Byzantine government then the Empire would once again be a homogeneous structure, able to stand up to the Serbians, the Italians and its other enemies. It would be small, but it would be a compact and manageable economic and administrative unit running from [Cape Matapan](/wiki/Cape_Matapan \"Cape Matapan\") to [Thessalonica](/wiki/Thessalonica \"Thessalonica\") and Constantinople\".\n\n", "Kantakouzenos' regency: June–September 1341\n-------------------------------------------\n\nFollowing a short illness, on the night of 14–15 June 1341 the emperor Andronikos III died at the relatively early age of 44, possibly due to chronic [malaria](/wiki/Malaria \"Malaria\"). His nine\\-year\\-old son John (John V) was the obvious successor, but he had not been officially proclaimed or crowned as co\\-emperor. This left a legal vacuum, and raised the question of who would lead the Empire's government.\n\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|upright\\=1\\.15\\\|alt\\=Map of south\\-eastern Europe and Anatolia. Southern Greece and the Aegean are fragmented between Byzantines and Latins. Byzantium controls the central Balkans from the Adriatic to the Black sea, with smaller Serbia and Bulgaria to its north. Beyond these lie Hungary, controlling Croatia and much of modern\\-day Romania, and the Romanian principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. Anatolia is dominated by Turkish states, with the Ottoman emirate highlighted in the northwest, across the sea from the Byzantines. The empire of Trebizond is in the northeast of Anatolia, with other Latin powers in the southeast.\\\|The Byzantine Empire and its neighbouring states in 1340\\.](/wiki/File:South-eastern_Europe_1340.jpg \"South-eastern Europe 1340.jpg\")\n\nAccording to Byzantine custom, the empress\\-dowager automatically headed any regency. Nevertheless, despite the lack of any formal appointment, Kantakouzenos placed Andronikos III's sons and the Empress\\-dowager [Anna of Savoy](/wiki/Anna_of_Savoy \"Anna of Savoy\") under armed guard in the palace, and in a meeting of the [Byzantine Senate](/wiki/Byzantine_Senate \"Byzantine Senate\") claimed for himself the regency and governance of the state by virtue of his close association with the deceased Emperor. He also demanded that John V marry forthwith his own daughter [Helena Kantakouzene](/wiki/Helena_Kantakouzene \"Helena Kantakouzene\"). This claim was disputed by Patriarch [John XIV of Constantinople](/wiki/John_XIV_of_Constantinople \"John XIV of Constantinople\"), who presented a document from Andronikos dating from 1334, assigning to him the care of the imperial family in the case of his death. Only after a demonstration of the capital's troops on 20 June did Kantakouzenos secure recognition as regent and control of the reins of government, as well as maintaining control over the army as its .; ; \n\nNevertheless, opposition to Kantakouzenos began to coalesce around three figures: the Patriarch, a forceful man determined to have a voice in the governance of the Empire, the Empress\\-regent, who feared that Kantakouzenos would dispossess her son, and last but not least [Alexios Apokaukos](/wiki/Alexios_Apokaukos \"Alexios Apokaukos\"), the ambitious (commander\\-in\\-chief of the [navy](/wiki/Byzantine_navy \"Byzantine navy\")) and head of the bureaucracy.; A '[new man](/wiki/Novus_homo \"Novus homo\")' promoted to high office as the [protégé](/wiki/Prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9 \"Protégé\") of Andronikos III and possibly the richest man in the Empire by 1341, Apokaukos was distrusted by the hereditary aristocracy. The only surviving narrative accounts of the period, Kantakouzenos's memoirs and the history of [Nikephoros Gregoras](/wiki/Nikephoros_Gregoras \"Nikephoros Gregoras\"), with their pro\\-aristocracy bias, paint a very negative picture of the man. According to Kantakouzenos, Apokaukos' adherence to the Patriarch's camp resulted from his ambition: Apokaukos sought further advancement by trying to convince Kantakouzenos to declare himself Emperor. When the latter refused, Apokaukos secretly switched his allegiance.; \n\nIn Donald Nicol's opinion, had Kantakouzenos remained at Constantinople, his authority might have remained secure. As the and regent however, he had the duty of dealing with the Empire's various enemies, who sought to take advantage of Andronikos' death. Dušan had invaded Macedonia, the [Emir of Saruhan](/wiki/Sarukhan%2C_Bey_of_Magnesia \"Sarukhan, Bey of Magnesia\") raided the coasts of Thrace, and Tsar [Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria](/wiki/Ivan_Alexander_of_Bulgaria \"Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria\") threatened war.\n; ; \n In July Kantakouzenos left the capital at the head of the army, leaving control of the government to Apokaukos, whom he still believed loyal to him. Kantakouzenos' campaign proved successful. He persuaded Dušan to withdraw and repulsed the Turkish raiders, while Ivan Alexander, threatened by a fleet from the Emirate of Aydin, renewed his peace treaty with Byzantium. To crown this success, Kantakouzenos received an embassy of the Latin barons of the [Principality of Achaea](/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea \"Principality of Achaea\") in the Morea. They expressed readiness to surrender the country in exchange for a guarantee of their property and rights. It was a unique opportunity, as Kantakouzenos himself recognized in his memoirs, since if successful, the Catalan\\-controlled [Duchy of Athens](/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens \"Duchy of Athens\") was bound to follow, consolidating Byzantine control over Greece.\n\nAt this point Kantakouzenos received grave news from Constantinople. In late August Apokaukos attempted a coup and tried to kidnap John V. Having failed, he fled to his fortified house at [Epibatai](/wiki/Epibates \"Epibates\"), where he was blockaded by troops. Kantakouzenos returned to Constantinople in early September, where he stayed for a few weeks consulting with the Empress. On his way back to Thrace to prepare for a campaign into the Morea, he went to Epibatai, where he pardoned Apokaukos and restored him to his former offices.\n\n", "Outbreak of the war: Autumn 1341\n--------------------------------\n\nKantakouzenos' second departure proved a great error. Back in the capital, his enemies moved in his absence. Apokaukos gathered a group of high\\-ranking aristocrats around him, including men such as the [John Gabalas](/wiki/John_Gabalas_%2814th_century%29 \"John Gabalas (14th century)\") or [George Choumnos](/wiki/George_Choumnos \"George Choumnos\"), whom he tied to himself by marriage alliances. The Patriarch, backed by Apokaukos' group and the authority of the Empress, dismissed Kantakouzenos from his offices and declared him a public enemy. Kalekas himself was proclaimed regent and Apokaukos named [Eparch of Constantinople](/wiki/Eparch_of_Constantinople \"Eparch of Constantinople\"). Kantakouzenos' relatives and supporters were imprisoned or forced to flee the city, and their properties confiscated.; ; Although Kantakouzenos' wife and children were safe in his headquarters at Demotika ([Didymoteicho](/wiki/Didymoteicho \"Didymoteicho\")), the regency placed his mother, Theodora, under house arrest. The privations she suffered during her imprisonment were to cause her eventual death.\n\n[thumb\\\|upright\\=0\\.8\\\|left\\\|alt\\=Elderly bearded man sitting on a wooden throne, pointing to a lectern with a book open on it. He is dressed in a long blue white\\-embroidered and gold\\-edged kaftan, and wears a domed golden\\-red hat.\\\|[Donor portrait](/wiki/Donor_portrait \"Donor portrait\") of the Alexios Apokaukos, one of the leaders of the anti\\-Kantakouzenos regency.](/wiki/File:Alexios_Apokaukos.jpg \"Alexios Apokaukos.jpg\")\nAs the first groups of his partisans fleeing the capital arrived at Demotika, Kantakouzenos, by his own account, tried to negotiate with the new regency, but his approach was rebuffed. Finally forced to take decisive action, on 26 October 1341, the army (2,000 cavalry and 4,000 infantry, according to Gregoras) and his supporters, largely drawn from the land\\-holding aristocracy, proclaimed Kantakouzenos Emperor. Although he still presented himself officially as a junior colleague to John V, and claimed to be only acting in the boy's name, having staked his claim on the throne, he had effectively started a civil war.; ; ; Kantakouzenos still hoped that negotiation might resolve the situation, but all his envoys were imprisoned and he and his supporters excommunicated by Patriarch John XIV. On 19 November 1341, the regency responded to Kantakouzenos' proclamation as Emperor with the formal coronation of John V.\n\nReaction to Kantakouzenos' proclamation caused a rift in Byzantine society, with the rich and powerful land\\-holding magnates (traditionally called the , the 'powerful ones')on the in Palaiologan times, cf. who dominated the countryside quickly rallying to support him, while the ordinary population, often living in abject conditions and suffering under oppressive taxation, supported the Empress\\-dowager and the Patriarch. Apokaukos was especially quick to capitalize upon this division and foment popular dislike for the aristocracy, by widely publicizing the immense wealth confiscated from Kantakouzenos' and his supporters' houses and estates. In the words of Donald Nicol, \"it was against him \\[Kantakouzenos] and everything that he stood for as a millionaire and landowning aristocrat that the people rose up. 'Kantakouzenism' became their war cry, the slogan of their discontent\".\n\nThus the battle lines of the civil war were drawn up between urban and rural factions. The cities, dominated by the middle\\-class civil bureaucracy and merchant class (the \"people of the market\"), favoured a more mercantile economy and close relations with the [Italian maritime republics](/wiki/Italian_maritime_republics \"Italian maritime republics\"), while the countryside remained under the control of the conservative [landed aristocracy](/wiki/Landed_nobility \"Landed nobility\"), which derived its wealth from its estates and traditionally shunned commercial and entrepreneurial activities as unworthy of its status. The lower social strata tended to support the respective dominant faction, the middle classes in the cities and the landholding magnates in the countryside.; ; \n\nPolarization of this nature was not new in the Byzantine Empire. Evidence of competition between the landed aristocracy and the city\\-based middle classes in the political, economic and social spheres has been attested since the 11th century, but the scale of the conflict that erupted in 1341 was unprecedented. This class conflict was mirrored in the breakaway Byzantine [Empire of Trebizond](/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond \"Empire of Trebizond\") as well, where a pro\\-imperial and pro\\-Constantinopolitan urban faction confronted the provincial landholding aristocracy between 1340 and 1349\\. The more conservative and anti\\-Western tendencies of the aristocrats, and their links to the staunchly [Orthodox](/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church \"Eastern Orthodox Church\") and anti\\-[Catholic](/wiki/Catholic_Church \"Catholic Church\") monasteries, also explain their increased attachment to the [mystical](/wiki/Mysticism \"Mysticism\") [Hesychasm](/wiki/Hesychasm \"Hesychasm\") movement advocated by [Gregory Palamas](/wiki/Gregory_Palamas \"Gregory Palamas\"), whose views were mostly opposed in the cities.; Although several significant exceptions leave the issue open to question among modern scholars, in the contemporary popular mind (and in traditional historiography), the supporters of '[Palamism](/wiki/Palamism \"Palamism\")' and of 'Kantakouzenism' were usually equated.; Kantakouzenos' eventual victory also meant the victory of Hesychasm, [confirmed in a synod](/wiki/Fifth_Council_of_Constantinople \"Fifth Council of Constantinople\") in Constantinople in 1351\\. Hesychasm eventually became a hallmark of the Orthodox church tradition, although it was rejected by the Catholics as a heresy.\n\nThe first manifestation of this social division appeared in [Adrianople](/wiki/Adrianople \"Adrianople\") where, on 27 October, the populace expelled the city's aristocrats, securing it for the regency. This event was repeated over the next weeks in town after town throughout Thrace and Macedonia, as the people declared their support for the regency and against the despised forces of 'Kantakouzenism'.; ; In this hostile atmosphere, many of Kantakouzenos' soldiers abandoned him and returned to Constantinople. In Demotika alone the popular uprising was quelled, and the town remained Kantakouzenos' main stronghold in Thrace throughout the war.\n\n", "Kantakouzenos seeks Dušan's aid: 1342\n-------------------------------------\n\nWhen heavy snowfall rendered campaigning impossible during the following winter, Kantakouzenos instead sent envoys, including an embassy of monks from [Mount Athos](/wiki/Mount_Athos \"Mount Athos\") to Constantinople. However, they too were dismissed by the Patriarch. By then, almost all of the Byzantine provinces and their governors had declared themselves for the regency. Only [Theodore Synadenos](/wiki/Theodore_Synadenos \"Theodore Synadenos\"), an old associate of Kantakouzenos who was the governor of the Empire's second city, Thessalonica, indicated his support. Synadenos had kept his allegiance to Kantakouzenos secret from the city's populace, and intended to surrender Thessalonica in collusion with the local aristocracy. Furthermore, [Hrelja](/wiki/Hrelja \"Hrelja\"), the Serbian magnate and virtually independent ruler of [Strumica](/wiki/Strumica \"Strumica\") and the [Strymon River](/wiki/Strymon_River \"Strymon River\") valley, seemed to lean towards Kantakouzenos. Consequently, as soon as the weather improved, on 2 March 1342, Kantakouzenos left his wife [Irene Asanina](/wiki/Irene_Asanina \"Irene Asanina\"), his brother\\-in\\-law [Manuel Asen](/wiki/Manuel_Asen \"Manuel Asen\") and his daughters to hold Demotika and marched west with his army toward Thessalonica.; ; On the way, he first attacked [Peritheorion](/wiki/Peritheorion \"Peritheorion\") but was repelled and continued westward. Kantakouzenos was however able to take fortress [Melnik](/wiki/Melnik%2C_Bulgaria \"Melnik, Bulgaria\"), where he met with Hrelja to forge an alliance. Their two armies marched toward Thessalonica, but arrived too late to take control. As they approached the city, they were met by Synadenos and other aristocrats, who had fled after an uprising led by a radical popular party, the [Zealots](/wiki/Zealots_of_Thessalonica \"Zealots of Thessalonica\").; ; ; Soon afterwards a fleet of 70 ships led by Apokaukos reinforced the city. Synadenos, whose family had remained behind in Thessalonica, defected to the regency. Apokaukos' son [John](/wiki/John_Apokaukos_%28died_1345%29 \"John Apokaukos (died 1345)\") was appointed governor of Thessalonica, although effective power rested with the Zealots, who for the next seven years led an autonomous regime unparalleled in Byzantine history.; ; \n\n[thumb\\\|upright\\=0\\.8\\\|alt\\=Upper torso and head of a middle\\-aged bearded man. He wears a domed golden crown, gold\\-decorated dress and carries a sceptre in the form of a patriarchal cross.\\\|The Serbian Tsar Stefan Dušan, who exploited the Byzantine civil war to greatly expand his realm. His reign marks the apogee of the medieval Serbian state.](/wiki/File:CarDusan.jpg \"CarDusan.jpg\")\nAt the same time, the regency's army campaigned in Thrace, formally taking possession of towns secured by popular revolt. With Thessalonica barred against him, his supply lines to Thrace cut, and desertions having reduced his army to 2,000 men, of whom half belonged to Hrelja, Kantakouzenos was forced to withdraw north to Serbia, where he hoped to secure the aid of Stefan Dušan. Soon after, Hrelja also deserted Kantakouzenos and joined the regency, hoping to gain control of Melnik for himself.; ; ; In July 1342, Kantakouzenos met Dušan near [Pristina](/wiki/Pristina \"Pristina\"). The Serbian ruler appeared initially reluctant to form an alliance. Nevertheless, under pressure from his nobles, especially the powerful [Jovan Oliver](/wiki/Jovan_Oliver \"Jovan Oliver\"), he could not afford to miss this unique opportunity to expand south. Desperately in need of Serbian aid, Kantakouzenos apparently agreed that the Serbs could keep any town they took, despite his own later account to the contrary. According to Nikephoros Gregoras, the Serbs claimed all of Macedonia west of Christopolis ([Kavala](/wiki/Kavala \"Kavala\")), except for Thessalonica and its environs. The only concession Kantakouzenos secured was that an exception be made for those towns that surrendered to him in person. To seal the pact, Kantakouzenos' younger son, [Manuel](/wiki/Manuel_Kantakouzenos \"Manuel Kantakouzenos\"), was to be wed to the daughter of Jovan Oliver, although after Dušan later broke the alliance, the marriage did not take place.; Hrelja too acceded to the pact, in exchange for the surrender of Melnik by Kantakouzenos' garrison. After Hrelja's death later that year, Melnik was seized by Dušan.; \n\nIn late summer 1342, Kantakouzenos, accompanied by several Serbian magnates, marched into Macedonia at the head of a Greek and Serbian force, intending to break through to his wife, who still held out at Demotika.; His advance was stopped almost immediately before [Serres](/wiki/Serres \"Serres\") when the city refused to surrender, and the subsequent siege had to be abandoned after an epidemic killed most of his men, forcing him to retreat into Serbia with a rump force of barely 500 soldiers. Dušan led a more successful parallel campaign, capturing Vodena ([Edessa](/wiki/Edessa%2C_Greece \"Edessa, Greece\")).; ; ; Serbian forces captured [Florina](/wiki/Florina \"Florina\") and [Kastoria](/wiki/Kastoria \"Kastoria\") shortly afterwards, thereby extending their hold over [western Macedonia](/wiki/Western_Macedonia \"Western Macedonia\"). The Serbs also expanded their control over [Albania](/wiki/Albania \"Albania\"), so that by the summer of 1343, with the exception of [Angevin](/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou \"Capetian House of Anjou\")\\-controlled [Dyrrhachium](/wiki/Dyrrhachium \"Dyrrhachium\"), all of the region appears to have fallen under Serbian rule.; Morale among Kantakouzenos' followers fell dramatically. Rumours circulated in Constantinople that a dejected Kantakouzenos planned to retire to Mount Athos as a monk, and riots broke out in the city in which several rich men were killed and their houses looted by the populace.; \n\nIn late fall, Empress Anna twice sent embassies to Dušan trying to convince him to surrender Kantakouzenos, but the Serbian ruler, seeking to extract more profit from their alliance, refused.; Kantakouzenos' fortunes began to improve when a delegation of the nobles of Thessaly reached him and offered to accept his authority. Kantakouzenos appointed his relative [John Angelos](/wiki/John_Angelos_%28sebastokrator%29 \"John Angelos (sebastokrator)\") as the province's governor. Although in effect a semi\\-independent ruler, Angelos was both loyal and effective. He soon brought Epirus — which he had governed in Andronikos III's name in 1340 — into the Kantakouzenist camp, and even made gains in Thessaly at the expense of the Catalans of Athens.; ; Another effort by Kantakouzenos to break from Serbia into Macedonia failed before Serres. In the meantime, Kantakouzenos' wife Irene called upon the aid of the Bulgarians to help relieve the blockade of Demotika by the regency's army. Ivan Alexander dispatched troops, but although they clashed with the regency's forces, they made no effort in assisting the city, instead pillaging the countryside.\n\n", "Kantakouzenos resurgent: 1343–1345\n----------------------------------\n\n[thumb\\\|upright\\=0\\.8\\\|left\\\|alt\\=Sitting elderly man in black and gold robes, wearing a golden crown and holding scepter in the center. Behind and around him, arranged in a semicircle, are seated bearded men, some in white and others in black dress. Bearded heads of other men with tubular and triangular hats are visible behind them.\\\|John Kantakouzenos as Emperor, presiding over a [synod](/wiki/Synod \"Synod\")](/wiki/File:John_VI_Kantakouzenos.jpg \"John VI Kantakouzenos.jpg\")\n\nAt this point, Kantakouzenos' position was greatly strengthened by the intervention of his old friend, [Umur Bey](/wiki/Umur_Bey \"Umur Bey\"), who in late 1342 or early 1343 sailed up the [Evros river](/wiki/Evros_river \"Evros river\") with a fleet of 300 ships and 29,000 (according to Kantakouzenos) or 15,000 (according to Turkish sources) men\\-in\\-arms and relieved Demotika both from the siege by the regency's forces and from the depredations of the Bulgarians. After pillaging Thrace for a few months, Umur was forced to retreat to Asia at the onset of winter, to which the Turks were unaccustomed.; ; This turn of events displeased Dušan, for Kantakouzenos now had an independent power base and was less reliant on the Serbian ruler's goodwill. The final rift between Kantakouzenos and Dušan occurred in April 1343, when Kantakouzenos persuaded the town of [Berroia](/wiki/Veria \"Veria\"), besieged by the Serbs, to surrender to him instead of Dušan. This was followed by the surrender of several other forts in the area to Kantakouzenos, including [Servia](/wiki/Servia%2C_Greece \"Servia, Greece\") and [Platamon](/wiki/Platamon \"Platamon\"). These moves strengthened Kantakouzenos' position and independence from Dušan, thereby thwarting the latter's plans for expansion. Realizing that he had little to gain by continuing to support Kantakouzenos, Dušan opened negotiations with the regency and concluded a formal alliance with them in the summer of 1343\\.; ; \n\nMeanwhile, Kantakouzenos and his army camped outside Thessalonica, hoping to take the city through the aid of his supporters within the walls. Apokaukos arrived at the head of the Byzantine fleet to aid the Zealots, pinning Kantakouzenos down in Macedonia between Thessalonica and Dušan's possessions. Once again Umur of Aydin came to Kantakouzenos' assistance with a fleet carrying some 6,000 men, whereupon Apokaukos and his ships fled from the superior Turkish navy. Nevertheless, a reinforced Thessalonica was able to hold out against a siege by Kantakouzenos and Umur.; ; Although he had failed to take Thessalonica, the presence of his Turkish allies allowed Kantakouzenos to turn his attention towards Thrace. In late 1343 he left his son Manuel as governor of Berroia and western Macedonia and marched towards Demotika, relieving the city and seeing his wife for the first time in almost two years. On his way to Demotika, Kantakouzenos had seized a number of fortresses in Thrace, although another siege of Peritheorion failed. He followed up with a successful campaign that took [Komotini](/wiki/Komotini \"Komotini\") and other fortresses in the [Rhodope](/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains \"Rhodope Mountains\") area.; Over the next couple of years, the towns and forts of Thrace came over to Kantakouzenos' camp one by one, but at great cost, as his mainly Turkish troops repeatedly plundered the countryside.; The shifting tide of the war did not go unnoticed in the opposing camp. In late 1344, several prominent personalities defected to Kantakouzenos, including [John Vatatzes](/wiki/John_Vatatzes_%28megas_stratopedarches%29 \"John Vatatzes (megas stratopedarches)\"), a general and relative by marriage to both the Patriarch and Apokaukos, the [Patriarch of Jerusalem](/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem \"Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem\") Lazaros, and, most importantly, Manuel Apokaukos, son of the and governor of Adrianople.\n\nAt the same time, the regency's alliance with Dušan was paying dividends for the Serbian ruler alone, as he had free rein to plunder and occupy all of Macedonia and Epirus. By the end of 1345, only Thessalonica, held by the Zealots, Serres and the surrounding region, which remained loyal to the regency, along with Berroia, which still held out under Manuel Kantakouzenos, remained outside Serbian control.; \n\nThese developments placed the regency in considerable difficulties. In spite of Apokaukos' adroit management of the state's finances, the devastation caused by the prolonged wars had emptied the treasury. In August 1343, Empress Anna was forced to pawn the crown jewels to Venice for 30,000 [ducats](/wiki/Ducat \"Ducat\"). In addition, Turkish ravages in Thrace led to a scarcity of food in Constantinople. Hoping for Western aid, Anna appealed to the [Pope](/wiki/Pope \"Pope\"), promising the submission of herself, John V, Apokaukos and even the Patriarch to his authority, and began persecuting the pro\\-Kantakouzenists and anti\\-Western Palamists.; \n\n[thumb\\\|upright\\=0\\.8\\\|right\\\|alt\\=Upper torso of a woman in a full\\-length scarlet and gold robe, wearing a large golden crown and holding a long thin red scepter.\\\|Andronikos III's empress\\-dowager, Anna of Savoy](/wiki/File:Anna_of_Savoy.jpg \"Anna of Savoy.jpg\")\n\nIn 1344, the regency concluded a further alliance with Bulgaria, which required the surrender of Philippopolis ([Plovdiv](/wiki/Plovdiv \"Plovdiv\")) and nine other towns in northern Thrace along the river Evros. Nevertheless, after their occupation, Ivan Alexander refrained from direct action against Kantakouzenos' forces operating in southern and eastern Thrace.; At the same time, [Momchil](/wiki/Momchil \"Momchil\"), a former [brigand](/wiki/Brigand \"Brigand\") whom Kantakouzenos had entrusted with control over the region of Merope in the Rhodope mountains, switched over to the regency.; In early 1344, Kantakouzenos was deprived of Umur and the bulk of his army, who had sailed home to repel a [Latin attack](/wiki/Smyrniote_crusades \"Smyrniote crusades\") on his main harbour, [Smyrna](/wiki/Smyrna \"Smyrna\"). On their way, the Turkish force was attacked by the Serbs under [Gregory Preljub](/wiki/Gregory_Preljub \"Gregory Preljub\"), but prevailed at the [Battle of Stephaniana](/wiki/Battle_of_Stephaniana \"Battle of Stephaniana\").; Nevertheless, Kantakouzenos was able to ward off joint attacks by Dušan and Apokaukos until Umur returned to his aid the next spring at the head of an army of 20,000 men.; \n\nKantakouzenos and Umur raided Bulgaria, and then turned against Momchil. The latter had exploited the power vacuum in the Rhodope, an effective [no man's land](/wiki/No_man%27s_land \"No man's land\") between the Serbs, Bulgarians and Byzantines, to set himself up as a quasi\\-independent prince, supported by a substantial force of around 5,000 men. On 7 July 1345, the two armies [clashed](/wiki/Battle_of_Peritheorion \"Battle of Peritheorion\") at Peritheorion. Momchil's army was crushed, and he himself fell in the field. Soon afterwards, Dušan arrived before Serres and [laid siege](/wiki/Siege_of_Serres \"Siege of Serres\") to the city. Rejecting demands by Kantakouzenos to withdraw, a clash appeared inevitable until the murder of Alexios Apokaukos in Constantinople forced Kantakouzenos to direct his attention there.; ; \n\n", "Last years of the war: 1345–1347\n--------------------------------\n\nIn early 1345, Kantakouzenos sent [Franciscan](/wiki/Franciscan \"Franciscan\") friars to the regency to make an offer of conciliation, but it was rejected. Despite this show of confidence, the regency's position remained insecure. The defections of the previous winter had weakened their control of the capital, and in response Apokaukos launched a series of [proscriptions](/wiki/Proscription \"Proscription\"). He also ordered the construction of a new prison to house political prisoners. On 11 June 1345, while undertaking an inspection of the prison unaccompanied by his bodyguard, Apokaukos was lynched by the prisoners.\n\n[upright\\=0\\.8\\\|thumb\\\|left\\\|alt\\=Head of an elderly white\\-bearded man, wearing a golden jewel\\-encrusted domed crown and surrounded by a halo.\\\|Emperor John V Palaiologos. His reign, from 1341 to 1391, saw the final disintegration of the Byzantine Empire by recurring civil wars. Aside from the conflict over his custodianship, he would fight a war in [1352–1357](/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1352%E2%80%931357 \"Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357\") to remove the Kantakouzenoi from power, and later in his rule he would be deposed by his son [Andronikos IV](/wiki/Andronikos_IV_Palaiologos \"Andronikos IV Palaiologos\") in [1376–1379](/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1373%E2%80%931379 \"Byzantine civil war of 1373–1379\") and by his grandson [John VII](/wiki/John_VII_Palaiologos \"John VII Palaiologos\") in 1390\\.](/wiki/File:John_V_Palaiologos.jpg \"John V Palaiologos.jpg\")\nWhen Kantakouzenos heard the news he marched towards Constantinople, urged by his supporters, who expected that the death of Apokaukos would result in the collapse of the regency. Kantakouzenos was more sceptical, and indeed the Patriarch and Empress Anna quickly brought the situation under control. At the same time, Kantakouzenos suffered a series of reverses. These began when John Apokaukos, the nominal governor of Thessalonica, openly announced his allegiance to Kantakouzenos and his plans to surrender the city. He was immediately thwarted by the Zealots who rose up again and killed Apokaukos and the other Kantakouzenist sympathizers in the city.; Then John Vatatzes, who had defected to Kantakouzenos the year before, once more switched sides. He attempted to take some of Kantakouzenos' Turkish allies and a few Thracian cities with him, but was murdered soon afterwards.; Finally, Kantakouzenos lost the support of his most crucial ally, Umur of Aydin, who left with his army to confront the crusaders in Smyrna. Kantakouzenos replaced him by allying himself with the Emir of Saruhan and, more importantly, [Orhan](/wiki/Orhan_of_the_Ottoman_Empire \"Orhan of the Ottoman Empire\") of the rising Ottoman emirate in Bithynia.\n\nIn September 1345, after a long siege, Serres fell to Dušan. The Serbian ruler, who by now controlled about half of the pre\\-1341 Byzantine realm, was spurred by this success to lay his own claim on the Byzantine throne. Consequently, on [Easter Sunday](/wiki/Easter_Sunday \"Easter Sunday\"), 16 April 1346, he was crowned \"Emperor of the Serbs and the Romans\" in [Skopje](/wiki/Skopje \"Skopje\"), thereby founding the [Serbian Empire](/wiki/Serbian_Empire \"Serbian Empire\").; This development prompted Kantakouzenos, who had only been acclaimed Emperor in 1341, to have himself formally crowned in a ceremony held at Adrianople on 21 May, presided over by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Lazaros. Lazaros then convened a synod of bishops to excommunicate the Patriarch of Constantinople, John Kalekas.; Not long afterwards, Kantakouzenos' ties with his new ally Orhan were cemented through the marriage of his daughter [Theodora Kantakouzene](/wiki/Theodora_Kantakouzene_%28wife_of_Orhan%29 \"Theodora Kantakouzene (wife of Orhan)\") to the Ottoman emir at an elaborate ceremony in [Selymbria](/wiki/Selymbria \"Selymbria\").\n\nFor the regency, the situation had become desperate. Empress Anna's requests for aid from foreign powers proved unsuccessful, as both Orhan and the [beylik of Karasi](/wiki/Beylik_of_Karasi \"Beylik of Karasi\") rebuffed her overtures for assistance. Only [Balik](/wiki/Balik_%28ruler%29 \"Balik (ruler)\"), the ruler of [Dobruja](/wiki/Despotate_of_Dobruja \"Despotate of Dobruja\"), sent an elite force of 1,000 men under his brothers [Theodore](/wiki/Theodore_of_Dobruja \"Theodore of Dobruja\") and [Dobrotitsa](/wiki/Dobrotitsa \"Dobrotitsa\"), but they were routed by a Kantakouzenist army under [George Phakrases](/wiki/George_Phakrases \"George Phakrases\"). The emirate of Saruhan offered a more substantial force of 6,000 men in the summer of 1346, but instead of fighting, they plundered Thrace and then defected to join Kantakouzenos' army.; ; Revenue remained scarce for the regency, the Genoese under [Simone Vignoso](/wiki/Simone_Vignoso \"Simone Vignoso\") once again seized the imperial possessions of Chios and Phocaea, and on 19 May 1346, a part of the [Hagia Sophia](/wiki/Hagia_Sophia \"Hagia Sophia\") cathedral collapsed, a terrible omen in the eyes of the capital's inhabitants.; \n\nBy the summer of 1346, Kantakouzenos stood on the verge of victory. He left Thrace under the control of his son Matthew and moved on to Selymbria, close to Constantinople. He did not attack the capital, but waited for almost a year for the city to surrender. In his memoirs, he explains that he did not want to turn his Turks on the city, although contemporaries such as Gregoras accused him of indecision and of needlessly prolonging the war.; \n\nAs the months passed, and the privations in Constantinople increased, the pro\\-Kantakouzenos faction in the capital grew as the Empress refused even to consider negotiations. Twice agents were sent to assassinate Kantakouzenos, but they failed. The Empress eventually fell out with Patriarch John Kalekas, who was deposed in a synod on 2 February 1347\\. On the same night, supporters of Kantakouzenos opened the disused [Golden Gate](/wiki/Golden_Gate_%28Constantinople%29 \"Golden Gate (Constantinople)\"), and Kantakouzenos entered the city with 1,000 men. Meeting no resistance, his troops surrounded the [Palace of Blachernae](/wiki/Palace_of_Blachernae \"Palace of Blachernae\"), the imperial residence, the next morning, but the Empress refused to surrender for several days, still fearful of the fate that awaited her. Kantakouzenos' men grew impatient and stormed part of the palace complex, and John V persuaded his mother to accept a settlement.\n\n", "Peace settlement and Kantakouzenos' reign\n-----------------------------------------\n\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|upright\\=1\\.15\\\|alt\\=Map of the Balkans and Anatolia. The western Balkans are almost entirely dominated by Serbia, and the eastern are divided between Bulgaria and Byzantium. Anatolia is controlled by the Turks, with the Ottoman emirate in the northwest, opposite Byzantium, highlighted. Small Christian exclaves in Anatolia are Trebizond in the northeast and Armenia in the southeast. In the Aegean, most islands belong to Latin states, especially Venice.\\\|The rump of the Byzantine Empire and its neighbours in 1355\\. The disruption of the civil war and the interference of neighbouring states brought extensive losses of territory, mainly to Dušan's Serbia, which doubled in size.](/wiki/File:Byzantine_empire_1355.jpg \"Byzantine empire 1355.jpg\")\n\nOn 8 February 1347, the war formally ended with an agreement making Kantakouzenos senior emperor for ten years, after which he and John V would reign as equals. Kantakouzenos also promised to pardon anyone who had fought against him.; To seal the pact, John V married Kantakouzenos' daughter Helena, and in May, Kantakouzenos was crowned again in the [Church of St. Mary of Blachernae](/wiki/Church_of_St._Mary_of_Blachernae_%28Istanbul%29 \"Church of St. Mary of Blachernae (Istanbul)\").; In the end, as Donald Nicol commented, the long conflict had been meaningless, with terms that \"could have been agreed five years before and saved the Empire so much bitterness, hatred and destruction.\"\n\nDespite the moderation and clemency shown by Kantakouzenos in this settlement, it did not gain universal acceptance. Supporters of the [Palaiologoi](/wiki/Palaiologos \"Palaiologos\") still distrusted him, while his own partisans would have preferred to depose the Palaiologoi outright and install the [Kantakouzenoi](/wiki/Kantakouzenos \"Kantakouzenos\") as the reigning dynasty. Kantakouzenos' eldest son, Matthew, also resented being passed over in favour of John V, and had to be placated with the creation of a semi\\-autonomous [appanage](/wiki/Appanage \"Appanage\") covering much of western Thrace, which doubled as a [march](/wiki/March_%28territorial_entity%29 \"March (territorial entity)\") against Dušan's Serbia.; Of the remaining Byzantine territories, only the Zealots in Thessalonica, now an isolated [exclave](/wiki/Exclave \"Exclave\") surrounded by the Serbs, refused to acknowledge the new arrangement, instead leading a de facto independent existence until Kantakouzenos conquered them in 1350\\.\n\nAfter 1347, John VI Kantakouzenos tried to revive the Empire, but met with limited success. Aided by the depopulation brought by about by the [Black Death](/wiki/Black_Death \"Black Death\"), Dušan and his general Preljub took Kantakouzenos' Macedonian strongholds as well as Epirus and Thessaly in 1347–1348, thereby completing their conquest of the remaining Byzantine lands in mainland Greece.; An attempt to break Byzantium's dependence for food and maritime commerce on the Genoese merchants of [Galata](/wiki/Galata \"Galata\") led to a [Byzantine–Genoese war](/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Genoese_War_%281348%E2%80%9349%29 \"Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–49)\"), which ended in 1352 with a compromise peace.; In 1350, Kantakouzenos took advantage of Dušan's preoccupation with a war against [Bosnia](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia \"Kingdom of Bosnia\") to recover Thessalonica from the Zealots as well as Berroia, Vodena and other Macedonian cities from the Serbs, but the Serbian emperor quickly reversed the Byzantine gains, leaving only Thessalonica in Byzantine hands.; ; \n\nSteadily deteriorating relations between Matthew Kantakouzenos, who now ruled eastern Thrace, and John V Palaiologos, who had taken over Matthew's former domain in western Thrace, led to yet another internal conflict. [Open warfare](/wiki/Byzantine_civil_war_of_1352%E2%80%9357 \"Byzantine civil war of 1352–57\") broke out in 1352, when John V, supported by Venetian and Turkish troops, launched an attack on Matthew Kantakouzenos. John Kantakouzenos came to his son's aid with 10,000 Ottoman troops who retook the cities of Thrace, liberally plundering them in the process. In October 1352, at Demotika, the Ottoman force [met and defeated](/wiki/Battle_of_Demotika \"Battle of Demotika\") 4,000 Serbs provided to John V by Stefan Dušan.; ; This was the Ottomans' first victory in Europe and an ominous portent. Two years later their capture of [Gallipoli](/wiki/Gallipoli \"Gallipoli\") marked the beginning of the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans, which culminated a century later in the [Fall of Constantinople](/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople \"Fall of Constantinople\"). Meanwhile, John V fled to the island of [Tenedos](/wiki/Tenedos \"Tenedos\"), from where he made an unsuccessful attempt to seize Constantinople in March 1353\\. John VI Kantakouzenos responded by having Matthew crowned as co\\-emperor, but John V Palaiologos, enlisting Genoese support and relying on the declining popularity of Kantakouzenos, succeeded in entering the capital in November 1354\\. John VI abdicated and retired to a monastery. Matthew held out in Thrace until 1357, when he too abdicated, leaving John V Palaiologos as the sole master of a [rump state](/wiki/Rump_state \"Rump state\").; \n\n", "Consequences\n------------\n\nThe civil war proved a critical turning point in the history of the Byzantine Empire. In the words of the [Byzantinist](/wiki/Byzantine_studies \"Byzantine studies\") [Angeliki Laiou](/wiki/Angeliki_Laiou \"Angeliki Laiou\"), \"after the end of the second civil war, Byzantium was an empire in name only\", while according to Eva de Vries\\-Van der Velden, it marks \"the point of rupture between the 'decline' and 'the fall' of the Byzantine Empire\".\n\nThe Byzantines' division and reliance on foreign troops, especially the Serbs and Turks, encouraged the latter's expansionism. Stefan Dušan in particular proved adept in exploiting the civil war to expand his state at Byzantium's expense. Aside from huge territorial losses, the prolonged conflict exhausted the Byzantine state's resources, as it brought \"anarchy to the cities and devastation to the countryside\" ([Alice\\-Mary Talbot](/wiki/Alice-Mary_Talbot \"Alice-Mary Talbot\")). Thrace, the largest contiguous territory remaining in the Empire, suffered such destruction that, along with Constantinople, it became dependent on grain imported from Bulgaria and the [Crimea](/wiki/Crimea \"Crimea\").; Trade had stopped, and the treasury contained, in the words of Gregoras, \"nothing but the atoms of [Epicurus](/wiki/Epicurus \"Epicurus\")\". Kantakouzenos had exhausted his own personal fortune, and Empress Anne had left the Empire heavily indebted to the Venetians. The war also led to the collapse of the centralized imperial administration in the provinces, causing control of the Thracian countryside to shift to a [manorial](/wiki/Manorialism \"Manorialism\") system run by the local magnates. Despite their considerable wealth, the magnates, through exemptions or outright evasion, managed to avoid paying taxes to the imperial government.; ; ; In addition, the arrival in 1347 of the Black Death and its recurrent outbreaks further reduced the Empire's tax and recruitment base, curtailing its ability to reverse the Serbian territorial gains.; ; \n\nAlong with the renewal of the civil war in 1352, these factors destroyed any chance of even a modest recovery similar to that experienced under Andronikos III.; Thereafter, Byzantium remained under the menacing threat of stronger neighbours, unable to pursue an independent foreign policy, handicapped by a shortage of resources and riven by internal strife. Nevertheless, through a combination of fortuitous external circumstances and adroit diplomacy, it survived for another century, until finally conquered by the Ottomans in 1453\\. Only the Byzantine exclave in the Morea remained prosperous, having been spared the ravages of the civil war because of its relative isolation. The appointment of Manuel Kantakouzenos as its in 1349 heralded the creation of the semi\\-independent [Despotate of the Morea](/wiki/Despotate_of_the_Morea \"Despotate of the Morea\"), which experienced the last economic and cultural flowering of the Byzantine world before it too fell to the Ottomans in 1460\\.; ; \n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "Sources\n-------\n\n[Category:1340s conflicts](/wiki/Category:1340s_conflicts \"1340s conflicts\")\n[Civil War](/wiki/Category:1340s_in_the_Byzantine_Empire \"1340s in the Byzantine Empire\")\n[Category:Aydınids](/wiki/Category:Ayd%C4%B1nids \"Aydınids\")\n[Category:Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars](/wiki/Category:Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_Wars \"Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars\")\n[Category:Byzantine–Ottoman wars](/wiki/Category:Byzantine%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars \"Byzantine–Ottoman wars\")\n[1341](/wiki/Category:Civil_wars_of_the_Byzantine_Empire \"Civil wars of the Byzantine Empire\")\n[Category:Medieval Macedonia](/wiki/Category:Medieval_Macedonia \"Medieval Macedonia\")\n[Category:Medieval Thrace](/wiki/Category:Medieval_Thrace \"Medieval Thrace\")\n[Civil War 1341](/wiki/Category:Palaiologos_dynasty \"Palaiologos dynasty\")\n[Category:Wars involving medieval Serbian states](/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_medieval_Serbian_states \"Wars involving medieval Serbian states\")\n[Category:Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Asia](/wiki/Category:Wars_of_succession_involving_the_states_and_peoples_of_Asia \"Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Asia\")\n[Category:Wars involving the Second Bulgarian Empire](/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_the_Second_Bulgarian_Empire \"Wars involving the Second Bulgarian Empire\")\n[Category:Sarukhanids](/wiki/Category:Sarukhanids \"Sarukhanids\")\n[Category:Byzantine Empire–Republic of Venice relations](/wiki/Category:Byzantine_Empire%E2%80%93Republic_of_Venice_relations \"Byzantine Empire–Republic of Venice relations\")\n[Category:Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe](/wiki/Category:Wars_of_succession_involving_the_states_and_peoples_of_Europe \"Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe\")\n\n" ] }
French Garden, Celle	{ "id": [ 41738748 ], "name": [ "Carsten Steger" ] }	muqqzsahm6elspfm70z0g0ostdavae3	2023-09-13T19:33:20Z	1,129,720,209	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "[thumb\\\|Aerial view of the French Garden](/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_French_Garden_in_Celle_%28view_from_the_southeast%29.jpg \"Aerial image of French Garden in Celle (view from the southeast).jpg\")\n[thumb\\\|The [Caroline Matilda](/wiki/Caroline_Matilda_of_Great_Britain \"Caroline Matilda of Great Britain\") Memorial made of [Crottendorf marble](/wiki/Crottendorf%23Crottendorf_marble \"Crottendorf#Crottendorf marble\") at the East Gate](/wiki/File:Celle_FranzGarten_Denkmal_CarolineMathilde.jpg \"Celle FranzGarten Denkmal CarolineMathilde.jpg\")\n\nThe French Garden () in [Celle](/wiki/Celle \"Celle\"), in the [German](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\") state of [Lower Saxony](/wiki/Lower_Saxony \"Lower Saxony\"), is a public [park](/wiki/Park \"Park\") in the south of the historic old town or Altstadt. On both sides of a straight [avenue of lime trees](/wiki/Avenue_%28landscape%29 \"Avenue (landscape)\") forming its east–west axis are flowerbeds, lawns, copses and a pond with a fountain.\nIts current appearance is no longer that of a true [French Garden](/wiki/French_Garden \"French Garden\"), but rather that of an [English Garden](/wiki/English_Garden \"English Garden\"). Laid out towards the end of the 17th century as a [Baroque](/wiki/Baroque \"Baroque\") courtyard and leisure garden by French gardeners, Perronet and Dahuron, the gardens were given their present shape in the mid\\-19th century based on plans by the inspector of gardens, Schaumburg. \n\nThe French Garden in Celle is a protected [historic garden](/wiki/Historic_garden_conservation \"Historic garden conservation\").\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [The French Garden in Celle](http://www.celle.travel/travel-tips/places-of-interest/french-garden.html)\n* [https://www.celle.de/Celle\\-entdecken/G%C3%A4rten\\-Parks\\-Gr%C3%BCnanlagen/Franz%C3%B6sischer\\-Garten.php?object\\=tx,2727\\.5\\&ModID\\=7\\&FID\\=2092\\.79\\.1\\&NavID\\=2727\\.60\\&La\\=1](https://www.celle.de/Celle-entdecken/G%C3%A4rten-Parks-Gr%C3%BCnanlagen/Franz%C3%B6sischer-Garten.php?object=tx,2727.5&ModID=7&FID=2092.79.1&NavID=2727.60&La=1)\n\n[Celle, Franzosischer Garten](/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Germany \"Parks in Germany\")\n[Category:Celle](/wiki/Category:Celle \"Celle\")\n[Category:Protected areas of Lower Saxony](/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_Lower_Saxony \"Protected areas of Lower Saxony\")\n\n" ] }
Air pollutant concentrations	{ "id": [ 9784415 ], "name": [ "Tom.Reding" ] }	8cn6656llurit0wtfzst8rwrfobw4uo	2023-10-30T15:36:59Z	1,026,730,049	{ "title": [ "Air pollutant concentrations", "Converting air pollutant concentrations", "Correcting concentrations for altitude", "Correcting concentrations for reference conditions", "Correcting to a dry basis", "Correcting to a reference oxygen content", "Correcting to a reference carbon dioxide content", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2 ], "content": [ "Air pollutant concentrations, as measured or as calculated by [air pollution dispersion modeling](/wiki/Air_pollution_dispersion_modeling \"Air pollution dispersion modeling\"), must often be converted or corrected to be expressed as required by the regulations issued by various governmental agencies. Regulations that define and limit the [concentration](/wiki/Concentration \"Concentration\") of [pollutants](/wiki/Pollutant \"Pollutant\") in the ambient air or in gaseous [emissions](/wiki/Air_pollutants \"Air pollutants\") to the ambient air are issued by various national and state (or provincial) [environmental protection](/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency \"United States Environmental Protection Agency\") and [occupational health and safety](/wiki/United_States_Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration \"United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration\") agencies.\n\nSuch regulations involve a number of different expressions of concentration. Some express the concentrations as ppmv ([parts per million](/wiki/Parts_per_million \"Parts per million\") by volume) and some express the concentrations as mg/m3 (milligrams per cubic meter), while others require adjusting or correcting the concentrations to reference conditions of moisture content, [oxygen](/wiki/Oxygen \"Oxygen\") content or [carbon dioxide](/wiki/Carbon_dioxide \"Carbon dioxide\") content. This article presents methods for converting concentrations from ppmv to mg/m3 (and vice versa) and for correcting the concentrations to the required reference conditions.\n\nAll of the concentrations and concentration corrections in this article apply only to air and other gases. They are not applicable for liquids.\n\n", "Converting air pollutant concentrations\n---------------------------------------\n\nThe conversion equations depend on the temperature at which the conversion is wanted (usually about 20 to 25 °C). At an ambient sea level atmospheric pressure of 1 [atm](/wiki/Atmosphere_%28unit%29 \"Atmosphere (unit)\") (101\\.325 [kPa](/wiki/Pascal_%28unit%29 \"Pascal (unit)\") or [1\\.01325 bar](/wiki/Bar_%28unit%29 \"Bar (unit)\")), the general equation is:\n\n\\\\mathrm{ppmv} \\= \\\\mathrm{mg}/\\\\mathrm{m}^3\\\\cdot \\\\frac{(0\\.082057338\\\\cdot T)}{M}\nand for the reverse conversion:\n\n\\\\mathrm{mg}/\\\\mathrm{m}^3 \\= \\\\mathrm{ppmv}\\\\cdot \\\\frac{M}{(0\\.082057338\\\\cdot T)}\n\n\|where:\n\n \|\n\| --- \|\n\| mg/m3\n\n\\= milligrams of pollutant per cubic meter of air at sea level atmospheric pressure and *T\n\n\| ppmv\n\n\\= air pollutant concentration, in parts per million by volume\n\n\| T\n\n\\= ambient temperature in K \\= 273\\. \\+ °C\n\n\| 0\\.082057338\n\n\\= [Universal gas constant](/wiki/Molar_gas_constant \"Molar gas constant\") in L atm mol−1 K−1\n\n\| M\n\n\\= [molecular mass](/wiki/Molecular_mass \"Molecular mass\") (or molecular weight) of the air pollutant\n\nNotes:\n 1 atm \\= absolute pressure of 101\\.325 kPa or 1\\.01325 [bar](/wiki/Bar_%28unit%29 \"Bar (unit)\")\n* mol \\= [gram mole](/wiki/Mole_%28unit%29 \"Mole (unit)\") and kmol \\= 1000 gram moles\n* Pollution regulations in the United States typically reference their pollutant limits to an ambient temperature of 20 to 25 °C as noted above. In most other nations, the reference ambient temperature for pollutant limits may be 0 °C or other values.\n* Although ppmv and mg/m3 have been used for the examples in all of the following sections, concentrations such as ppbv (i.e., parts per billion by volume), volume percent, mole percent and many others may also be used for gaseous pollutants.\n* [Particulate matter](/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matter \"Atmospheric particulate matter\") (PM) in the atmospheric air or in any other gas cannot be expressed in terms of ppmv, ppbv, volume percent or mole percent. PM is most usually (but not always) expressed as mg/m3 of air or other gas at a specified temperature and pressure.\n* For gases, volume percent \\= mole percent\n* 1 volume percent \\= 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume) with a million being defined as 106.\n* Care must be taken with the concentrations expressed as ppbv to differentiate between the British billion which is 1012 and the USA billion which is 109 (also referred to as the long scale and short scale billion, respectively).\n\n", "Correcting concentrations for altitude\n--------------------------------------\n\nAir pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m3, μg/m3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing [altitude](/wiki/Altitude \"Altitude\"). The concentration decrease is directly proportional to the pressure decrease with increasing altitude. Some governmental regulatory jurisdictions require industrial sources of air pollution to comply with sea level standards corrected for altitude. In other words, industrial air pollution sources located at altitudes well above sea level must comply with significantly more stringent air quality standards than sources located at sea level (since it is more difficult to comply with lower standards). For example, [New Mexico](/wiki/New_Mexico \"New Mexico\")'s Department of the Environment has a regulation with such a requirement.[Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for Stockpile Stewardship and Management](http://www.complextransformationspeis.com/eis0236/vol4/v4c3.htm) (See section 03\\.05 of the EIS which involves the [Los Alamos National Laboratory](/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory \"Los Alamos National Laboratory\") in New Mexico)[Air Quality Impact Analysis](http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/nm/field_offices/socorro/socorro_planning/socorro.Par.77588.File.dat/Final_Air_Quality_Impact_Analysis.pdf) (Developed for the [United States Bureau of Land Management](/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management \"United States Bureau of Land Management\"), Socorro Field Office, New Mexico)\n\nThe change of atmospheric pressure with altitude (\\<20 km) can be obtained from this equation:[United States Department of Defense MIL\\-STD\\-810F](http://www.atec.army.mil/publications/Mil-Std-810F/Mil-Std-810F.pdf), 1 January 2000\\. (See: Annex A, page 520\\.2A5 )\n\nP\\_\\\\mathrm h \\= P\\\\,\\\\cdot\\\\bigg(\\\\frac{288 \\- 6\\.5 h}{288}\\\\bigg)^{5\\.2558}\nGiven an air pollutant concentration at sea\\-level atmospheric pressure, the concentration at higher altitudes can be obtained from this equation:\n\nC\\_\\\\mathrm h \\= C\\\\,\\\\cdot\\\\bigg(\\\\frac{288 \\- 6\\.5 h}{288}\\\\bigg)^{5\\.2558}\n\n\|where:\n\n \|\n\| --- \|\n\| h\n\n\\= altitude, in km\n\n\| *P\n\n\\= atmospheric pressure at sea level\n\n\| P*h\n\n\\= atmospheric pressure at altitude h\n\n\| *C* \n \n\n\\= Air pollutant concentration, in mass per unit volume at sea level atmospheric pressure and specified temperature T\n\n\| *C*h\n\n\\= Concentration, in mass per unit volume at altitude h and specified temperature T\n\nAs an example, given an air pollutant concentration of 260 mg/m3 at sea level, calculate the equivalent pollutant concentration at an altitude of 2800 meters:\n\n*C*h \\= 260 × \\[ { 288 \\- (6\\.5\\)(2\\.8\\) } / 288] 5\\.2558 \\= 260 × 0\\.71 \\= 185 mg/m3\nNote:\n* The above equation for the decrease of air pollution concentrations with increasing altitude is applicable only for about the first 10 km of altitude in the [troposphere](/wiki/Troposphere \"Troposphere\") (the lowest atmospheric layer) and is estimated to have a maximum error of about 3 percent. However, 10 km of altitude is sufficient for most purposes involving air pollutant concentrations.\n\n", "Correcting concentrations for reference conditions\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nMany environmental protection agencies have issued regulations that limit the concentration of pollutants in gaseous [emissions](/wiki/Emission_standards \"Emission standards\") and define the reference conditions applicable to those concentration limits. For example, such a regulation might limit the concentration of [](/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide \"Nitrogen oxide\") to 55 ppmv in a dry combustion [exhaust gas](/wiki/Exhaust_gas \"Exhaust gas\") (at a specified reference temperature and pressure) corrected to 3 volume percent [O2](/wiki/Oxygen \"Oxygen\") in the dry gas. As another example, a regulation might limit the concentration of total particulate matter to 200 mg/m3 of an emitted gas (at a specified reference temperature and pressure) corrected to a dry basis and further corrected to 12 volume percent [CO2](/wiki/Carbon_dioxide \"Carbon dioxide\") in the dry gas.\n\nEnvironmental agencies in the USA often use the terms \"dscf\" or \"scfd\" to denote a \"standard\" cubic foot of dry gas. Likewise, they often use the terms \"dscm\" or \"scmd\" to denote a \"standard\" cubic meter of gas. Since there is no universally accepted set of \"standard\" temperature and pressure, such usage can be and is very confusing. It is strongly recommended that the reference temperature and pressure always be clearly specified when stating gas volumes or gas flow rates.\n\n### Correcting to a dry basis\n\nIf a gaseous emission sample is analyzed and found to contain water vapor and a pollutant concentration of say 40 ppmv, then 40 ppmv should be designated as the \"wet basis\" pollutant concentration. The following equation can be used to correct the measured \"wet basis\" concentration to a \"[dry basis](/wiki/Dry_basis \"Dry basis\")\" concentration:\n\nC\\_\\\\mathrm{dry\\\\, basis} \\= \\\\frac{C\\_\\\\mathrm{wet\\\\, basis{1 \\- w}\n\n\|where:\n\n \|\n\| --- \|\n\|*C\n\n\\= Concentration of the air pollutant in the emitted gas\n\n\|w\n\n\\= fraction of the emitted exhaust gas, by volume, which is water vapor\n\nAs an example, a wet basis concentration of 40 ppmv in a gas having 10 volume percent water vapor would have a:\n\nC*dry basis \\= 40 ÷ ( 1 \\- 0\\.10 ) \\= 44\\.4 ppmv.\n### Correcting to a reference oxygen content\n\nThe following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in a dry emitted gas with a measured O2 content to an equivalent pollutant concentration in a dry emitted gas with a specified reference amount of O2:\n\nC\\_\\\\mathrm r \\= C\\_\\\\mathrm m\\\\cdot\\\\frac{(20\\.9 \\- \\\\mathrm{reference\\\\,volume\\\\, \\\\%\\\\, O\\_2})}{(20\\.9 \\- \\\\mathrm {measured\\\\,volume\\\\, \\\\%\\\\, O\\_2})}\n\n\|where:\n\n \|\n\| --- \|\n\| *C*r\n\n\\= corrected concentration of a dry gas with a specified reference volume % O2\n\n\| *C*m\n\n\\= measured concentration in a dry gas having a measured volume % O2\n\nAs an example, a measured concentration of 45 ppmv in a dry gas having 5 volume % O2 is:\n\n45 × ( 20\\.9 \\- 3 ) ÷ ( 20\\.9 \\- 5 ) \\= 50\\.7 ppmv of \nwhen corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference O2 content of 3 volume %.\n\nNote:\n* The measured gas concentration *C*m must first be corrected to a dry basis before using the above equation.\n\n### Correcting to a reference carbon dioxide content\n\nThe following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in an emitted gas (containing a measured CO2 content) to an equivalent pollutant concentration in an emitted gas containing a specified reference amount of CO2:\n\nC\\_\\\\mathrm r \\= C\\_\\\\mathrm m\\\\cdot\\\\frac {(\\\\mathrm{reference\\\\,volume\\\\,\\\\%\\\\,CO\\_2})}{(\\\\mathrm{measured\\\\,volume\\\\,\\\\%\\\\,CO\\_2})}\n\n\|where:\n\n \|\n\| --- \|\n\| *C*r\n\n\\= corrected concentration of a dry gas having a specified reference volume % CO2\n\n\| *C*m\n\n\\= measured concentration of a dry gas having a measured volume % CO2\n\nAs an example, a measured particulates concentration of 200 mg/m3 in a dry gas that has a measured 8 volume % CO2 is:\n\n200 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) \\= 300 mg/m3\nwhen corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference CO2 content of 12 volume %.\n\n", "### Correcting to a dry basis\n\nIf a gaseous emission sample is analyzed and found to contain water vapor and a pollutant concentration of say 40 ppmv, then 40 ppmv should be designated as the \"wet basis\" pollutant concentration. The following equation can be used to correct the measured \"wet basis\" concentration to a \"[dry basis](/wiki/Dry_basis \"Dry basis\")\" concentration:\n\nC\\_\\\\mathrm{dry\\\\, basis} \\= \\\\frac{C\\_\\\\mathrm{wet\\\\, basis{1 \\- w}\n\n\|where:\n\n \|\n\| --- \|\n\|*C\n\n\\= Concentration of the air pollutant in the emitted gas\n\n\|w\n\n\\= fraction of the emitted exhaust gas, by volume, which is water vapor\n\nAs an example, a wet basis concentration of 40 ppmv in a gas having 10 volume percent water vapor would have a:\n\nC*dry basis \\= 40 ÷ ( 1 \\- 0\\.10 ) \\= 44\\.4 ppmv.\n", "### Correcting to a reference oxygen content\n\nThe following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in a dry emitted gas with a measured O2 content to an equivalent pollutant concentration in a dry emitted gas with a specified reference amount of O2:\n\nC\\_\\\\mathrm r \\= C\\_\\\\mathrm m\\\\cdot\\\\frac{(20\\.9 \\- \\\\mathrm{reference\\\\,volume\\\\, \\\\%\\\\, O\\_2})}{(20\\.9 \\- \\\\mathrm {measured\\\\,volume\\\\, \\\\%\\\\, O\\_2})}\n\n\|where:\n\n \|\n\| --- \|\n\| *C*r\n\n\\= corrected concentration of a dry gas with a specified reference volume % O2\n\n\| *C*m\n\n\\= measured concentration in a dry gas having a measured volume % O2\n\nAs an example, a measured concentration of 45 ppmv in a dry gas having 5 volume % O2 is:\n\n45 × ( 20\\.9 \\- 3 ) ÷ ( 20\\.9 \\- 5 ) \\= 50\\.7 ppmv of \nwhen corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference O2 content of 3 volume %.\n\nNote:\n* The measured gas concentration *C*m must first be corrected to a dry basis before using the above equation.\n\n", "### Correcting to a reference carbon dioxide content\n\nThe following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in an emitted gas (containing a measured CO2 content) to an equivalent pollutant concentration in an emitted gas containing a specified reference amount of CO2:\n\nC\\_\\\\mathrm r \\= C\\_\\\\mathrm m\\\\cdot\\\\frac {(\\\\mathrm{reference\\\\,volume\\\\,\\\\%\\\\,CO\\_2})}{(\\\\mathrm{measured\\\\,volume\\\\,\\\\%\\\\,CO\\_2})}\n\n\|where:\n\n \|\n\| --- \|\n\| *C*r\n\n\\= corrected concentration of a dry gas having a specified reference volume % CO2\n\n\| *C*m\n\n\\= measured concentration of a dry gas having a measured volume % CO2\n\nAs an example, a measured particulates concentration of 200 mg/m3 in a dry gas that has a measured 8 volume % CO2 is:\n\n200 × ( 12 ÷ 8 ) \\= 300 mg/m3\nwhen corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference CO2 content of 12 volume %.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Industrial emissions control](/wiki/Category:Industrial_emissions_control \"Industrial emissions control\")\n[Category:Air pollution](/wiki/Category:Air_pollution \"Air pollution\")\n[Category:Environmental engineering](/wiki/Category:Environmental_engineering \"Environmental engineering\")\n\n" ] }
Melinda Shankar	{ "id": [ 14703151 ], "name": [ "Kaltenmeyer" ] }	895eeu8xzxl7elf194q21quqfefxnoo	2024-08-01T23:12:16Z	1,238,055,255	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Early life", "Career", "Acting", "Other work", "Personal life", "Filmography", "Film", "Television", "Awards and nominations", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nMelinda Leanna Shankar (born February 18, 1992\\) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for starring as [Alli Bhandari](/wiki/Alli_Bhandari \"Alli Bhandari\") in the television series [Degrassi: The Next Generation](/wiki/Degrassi:The_Next_Generation \"The Next Generation\") (2008–2015\\) and as [Indira \"Indie\" Mehta](/wiki/Indira_%22Indie%22_Mehta \"Indira \") in the [YTV](/wiki/YTV_%28Canadian_TV_channel%29 \"YTV (Canadian TV channel)\") series [How To Be Indie](/wiki/How_to_Be_Indie \"How to Be Indie\") (2009–2011\\), for which she won several awards, including a [Canadian Screen Award](/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards \"Canadian Screen Awards\") in 2013\\.\n\n", "Early life\n----------\n\nMelinda Shankar was born on February 18, 1992, in [Ottawa, Ontario](/wiki/Ottawa \"Ottawa\"), Canada to Canadian parents of [Hindu](/wiki/Hindus \"Hindus\") [Indo\\-Guyanese](/wiki/Indo-Guyanese \"Indo-Guyanese\") descent who immigrated to Canada. She has two older sisters and a brother, who is also an actor. She was raised in [Orleans, Ontario](/wiki/Orleans%2C_Ontario \"Orleans, Ontario\"), a suburban section of [Ottawa](/wiki/Ottawa \"Ottawa\").\n\nHer father owned a [karate](/wiki/Karate \"Karate\") school in Ottawa, with her beginning to study the practice at three. She began to study [ballet](/wiki/Ballet \"Ballet\") at the same age. Shankar currently has a [black belt](/wiki/Black_belt_%28martial_arts%29 \"Black belt (martial arts)\") in karate. She attended [Sir Wilfrid Laurier Secondary School](/wiki/Sir_Wilfrid_Laurier_Secondary_School_%28Ottawa%29 \"Sir Wilfrid Laurier Secondary School (Ottawa)\") in [Ottawa](/wiki/Ottawa \"Ottawa\") until grade 11 before moving to [Toronto](/wiki/Toronto \"Toronto\") when she was sixteen, following her casting in [Degrassi: The Next Generation](/wiki/Degrassi:The_Next_Generation \"The Next Generation\") in 2008\\.\n\n", "Career\n------\n\n### Acting\n\nShankar began her career as a [child model](/wiki/Child_model \"Child model\") and appeared in numerous [print](/wiki/Publishing \"Publishing\") [advertisements](/wiki/Advertisements \"Advertisements\"), including a [Procter \\& Gamble](/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble \"Procter & Gamble\") billboard in [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\"). Shankar's mother was an actress and her paternal grandfather was a director in [Guyana](/wiki/Guyana \"Guyana\"). Shankar's father would often drive up to five hours from Ottawa to Toronto for her auditions.\n\nIn 2008, she debuted as an actress in the popular CTV television series Degrassi, joining the cast as an incoming 9th grade student. Shankar appeared in a total of seven seasons, until its finale in 2015\\.[thumb\\\|225x225px\\\|Shankar with [Andra Fuller](/wiki/Andra_Fuller \"Andra Fuller\") at 2013 [Canadian Screen Awards](/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards_2013 \"Canadian Screen Awards 2013\") Nominee ReceptionIn](/wiki/File:Melinda_Shankar_and_Andra_Fuller_at_2013_Canadian_Screen_Awards_Nominee_Reception.jpg \"Melinda Shankar and Andra Fuller at 2013 Canadian Screen Awards Nominee Reception.jpg\") 2009, she starred in a television series on [YTV](/wiki/YTV_%28Canadian_TV_channel%29 \"YTV (Canadian TV channel)\") called [How To Be Indie](/wiki/How_To_Be_Indie \"How To Be Indie\"). She played the lead role of Indira \"Indie\" Metha for two seasons. The series aired its final episode on October 24, 2011\\. For her role, Shankar won a [Gemini Award](/wiki/Gemini_Awards \"Gemini Awards\") in 2011 and a [Canadian Screen Award](/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards \"Canadian Screen Awards\") in 2013\\.\n\nShe co\\-starred alongside [Jennifer Stone](/wiki/Jennifer_Stone \"Jennifer Stone\") and [Vanessa Morgan](/wiki/Vanessa_Morgan \"Vanessa Morgan\") in the 2010 children's television film [Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars](/wiki/Harriet_the_Spy:Blog_Wars \"Blog Wars\").\n\nShankar was cast in her first feature film, [Festival of Lights](/wiki/Festival_of_Lights_%28film%29 \"Festival of Lights (film)\") in 2010\\. The movie was filmed on location in New York City and [Georgetown, Guyana](/wiki/Georgetown%2C_Guyana \"Georgetown, Guyana\"). Her father served as [production manager](/wiki/Unit_production_manager \"Unit production manager\") for the film due to his familiarity with the locations in [Guyana](/wiki/Guyana \"Guyana\").\n\nShe has appeared in all three of the Christmas with a Prince television film franchise as Bella since 2018\\.\n\n### Other work\n\nIn 2013, Shankar and a longtime childhood friend began working on an [image consulting](/wiki/Image_consulting \"Image consulting\") business.\n\nOn February 22, 2014, Shankar launched Miss Conception, a professional styling and image agency based in Toronto.\n\n", "### Acting\n\nShankar began her career as a [child model](/wiki/Child_model \"Child model\") and appeared in numerous [print](/wiki/Publishing \"Publishing\") [advertisements](/wiki/Advertisements \"Advertisements\"), including a [Procter \\& Gamble](/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble \"Procter & Gamble\") billboard in [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\"). Shankar's mother was an actress and her paternal grandfather was a director in [Guyana](/wiki/Guyana \"Guyana\"). Shankar's father would often drive up to five hours from Ottawa to Toronto for her auditions.\n\nIn 2008, she debuted as an actress in the popular CTV television series Degrassi, joining the cast as an incoming 9th grade student. Shankar appeared in a total of seven seasons, until its finale in 2015\\.[thumb\\\|225x225px\\\|Shankar with [Andra Fuller](/wiki/Andra_Fuller \"Andra Fuller\") at 2013 [Canadian Screen Awards](/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards_2013 \"Canadian Screen Awards 2013\") Nominee ReceptionIn](/wiki/File:Melinda_Shankar_and_Andra_Fuller_at_2013_Canadian_Screen_Awards_Nominee_Reception.jpg \"Melinda Shankar and Andra Fuller at 2013 Canadian Screen Awards Nominee Reception.jpg\") 2009, she starred in a television series on [YTV](/wiki/YTV_%28Canadian_TV_channel%29 \"YTV (Canadian TV channel)\") called [How To Be Indie](/wiki/How_To_Be_Indie \"How To Be Indie\"). She played the lead role of Indira \"Indie\" Metha for two seasons. The series aired its final episode on October 24, 2011\\. For her role, Shankar won a [Gemini Award](/wiki/Gemini_Awards \"Gemini Awards\") in 2011 and a [Canadian Screen Award](/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards \"Canadian Screen Awards\") in 2013\\.\n\nShe co\\-starred alongside [Jennifer Stone](/wiki/Jennifer_Stone \"Jennifer Stone\") and [Vanessa Morgan](/wiki/Vanessa_Morgan \"Vanessa Morgan\") in the 2010 children's television film [Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars](/wiki/Harriet_the_Spy:Blog_Wars \"Blog Wars\").\n\nShankar was cast in her first feature film, [Festival of Lights](/wiki/Festival_of_Lights_%28film%29 \"Festival of Lights (film)\") in 2010\\. The movie was filmed on location in New York City and [Georgetown, Guyana](/wiki/Georgetown%2C_Guyana \"Georgetown, Guyana\"). Her father served as [production manager](/wiki/Unit_production_manager \"Unit production manager\") for the film due to his familiarity with the locations in [Guyana](/wiki/Guyana \"Guyana\").\n\nShe has appeared in all three of the Christmas with a Prince television film franchise as Bella since 2018\\.\n\n", "### Other work\n\nIn 2013, Shankar and a longtime childhood friend began working on an [image consulting](/wiki/Image_consulting \"Image consulting\") business.\n\nOn February 22, 2014, Shankar launched Miss Conception, a professional styling and image agency based in Toronto.\n\n", "Personal life\n-------------\n\nShe currently resides in [North York](/wiki/North_York \"North York\"), a district in Toronto.\n\nShankar is a supporter of the Breaking Boards, Breaking Chains campaign, an event to raise funds for young survivors of sexual assault in Bolivia.\n\n", "Filmography\n-----------\n\n### Film\n\n\| Year \| Title \| Role \| Notes\n\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 2010 \| Trigger \| Rocker Chick \\#1 \| \|\n\| [Festival of Lights](/wiki/Festival_of_Lights_%28film%29 \"Festival of Lights (film)\") \| Reshma \| \|\n\| 2017 \| [Filth City](/wiki/Filth_City \"Filth City\") \| Monica \| \|\n\| 2018 \| Blindsided \| Mika \| \|\n\| Blink \| Carrie \| Short film \|\n\| 2020 \| Survival Smarts \| Mindy \| Short film \|\n\| 2021 \| Red String of Fate \| Danika Mondal \| \|\n\| [Romance in the Wilds](/wiki/Romance_in_the_Wilds \"Romance in the Wilds\") \| Amara \| \|\n\| Christmas in the Wilds \| \|\n\n### Television\n\n\| Year \| Title \| Role \| Notes \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 2008–2015 \| [Degrassi: The Next Generation](/wiki/Degrassi:The_Next_Generation \"The Next Generation\") \| [Allia \"Alli\" Bhandari](/wiki/Alli_Bhandari \"Alli Bhandari\") \| Main cast; 221 episodes \|\n\| 2009 \| [Degrassi Goes Hollywood](/wiki/Degrassi_Goes_Hollywood \"Degrassi Goes Hollywood\") \| TV movie \|\n\| 2009–2011 \| [How To Be Indie](/wiki/How_To_Be_Indie \"How To Be Indie\") \| Indira \"Indie\" Mehta \| Lead role; 52 episodes \|\n\| 2010 \| Degrassi in India \| Self \| TV special \|\n\| [Degrassi Takes Manhattan](/wiki/Degrassi_Takes_Manhattan \"Degrassi Takes Manhattan\") \| Allia \"Alli\" Bhandari \| TV movie \|\n\| [Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars](/wiki/Harriet_the_Spy:Blog_Wars \"Blog Wars\") \| Janie Gibbs \|\n\| 2011 \| Degrassi in Haiti \| Self \| TV special \|\n\| 2013 \| Alive \| Kaitlyn \| TV film \|\n\| 2017 \| Darker Than Night \| Mika \| \|\n\| Mooom \| Kylie \| \|\n\| Filth City \| Monica \| 9 episodes \|\n\| [Slasher: Guilty Party](/wiki/Slasher_%28TV_series%29 \"Slasher (TV series)\") \| Talvinder \"Tal\" Gill \| Main cast; 6 episodes \|\n\| [Christmas Wedding Planner](/wiki/Christmas_Wedding_Planner \"Christmas Wedding Planner\") \| Jealous Bridesmaid \| TV film \|\n\| 2018 \| Christmas with a Prince \| Bella \|\n\| 2019 \| Christmas with a Prince: Becoming a Royal \|\n\| True Dating Stories \| Detective Banks \| Episode: \"Steph\" \|\n\| 2020 \| [The Wedding Planners](/wiki/The_Wedding_Planners \"The Wedding Planners\")\n\n Izzy \|\n Episode: \"Wedding of Champions\" \|\n\| DM 4 Revenge \| Dana Mohan \| Episode: \"Demo\"; Creator \\& executive producer \|\n\| 2021 \| Christmas with a Prince: The Royal Baby \| Bella \| TV film \|\n\n", "### Film\n\n\| Year \| Title \| Role \| Notes\n\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 2010 \| Trigger \| Rocker Chick \\#1 \| \|\n\| [Festival of Lights](/wiki/Festival_of_Lights_%28film%29 \"Festival of Lights (film)\") \| Reshma \| \|\n\| 2017 \| [Filth City](/wiki/Filth_City \"Filth City\") \| Monica \| \|\n\| 2018 \| Blindsided \| Mika \| \|\n\| Blink \| Carrie \| Short film \|\n\| 2020 \| Survival Smarts \| Mindy \| Short film \|\n\| 2021 \| Red String of Fate \| Danika Mondal \| \|\n\| [Romance in the Wilds](/wiki/Romance_in_the_Wilds \"Romance in the Wilds\") \| Amara \| \|\n\| Christmas in the Wilds \| \|\n\n", "### Television\n\n\| Year \| Title \| Role \| Notes \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 2008–2015 \| [Degrassi: The Next Generation](/wiki/Degrassi:The_Next_Generation \"The Next Generation\") \| [Allia \"Alli\" Bhandari](/wiki/Alli_Bhandari \"Alli Bhandari\") \| Main cast; 221 episodes \|\n\| 2009 \| [Degrassi Goes Hollywood](/wiki/Degrassi_Goes_Hollywood \"Degrassi Goes Hollywood\") \| TV movie \|\n\| 2009–2011 \| [How To Be Indie](/wiki/How_To_Be_Indie \"How To Be Indie\") \| Indira \"Indie\" Mehta \| Lead role; 52 episodes \|\n\| 2010 \| Degrassi in India \| Self \| TV special \|\n\| [Degrassi Takes Manhattan](/wiki/Degrassi_Takes_Manhattan \"Degrassi Takes Manhattan\") \| Allia \"Alli\" Bhandari \| TV movie \|\n\| [Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars](/wiki/Harriet_the_Spy:Blog_Wars \"Blog Wars\") \| Janie Gibbs \|\n\| 2011 \| Degrassi in Haiti \| Self \| TV special \|\n\| 2013 \| Alive \| Kaitlyn \| TV film \|\n\| 2017 \| Darker Than Night \| Mika \| \|\n\| Mooom \| Kylie \| \|\n\| Filth City \| Monica \| 9 episodes \|\n\| [Slasher: Guilty Party](/wiki/Slasher_%28TV_series%29 \"Slasher (TV series)\") \| Talvinder \"Tal\" Gill \| Main cast; 6 episodes \|\n\| [Christmas Wedding Planner](/wiki/Christmas_Wedding_Planner \"Christmas Wedding Planner\") \| Jealous Bridesmaid \| TV film \|\n\| 2018 \| Christmas with a Prince \| Bella \|\n\| 2019 \| Christmas with a Prince: Becoming a Royal \|\n\| True Dating Stories \| Detective Banks \| Episode: \"Steph\" \|\n\| 2020 \| [The Wedding Planners](/wiki/The_Wedding_Planners \"The Wedding Planners\")\n\n Izzy \|\n Episode: \"Wedding of Champions\" \|\n\| DM 4 Revenge \| Dana Mohan \| Episode: \"Demo\"; Creator \\& executive producer \|\n\| 2021 \| Christmas with a Prince: The Royal Baby \| Bella \| TV film \|\n\n", "Awards and nominations\n----------------------\n\n\| Year \| Award \| Category \| Work \| Result \| Ref. \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 2011 \| [Gemini Awards](/wiki/Gemini_Awards \"Gemini Awards\") \| Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series \| [How to Be Indie](/wiki/How_to_Be_Indie \"How to Be Indie\") \| \| \|\n\| 2013 \| [Canadian Screen Awards](/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Awards \"Canadian Screen Awards\") \| Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series \| \| \|\n\| 2018 \| First Glance Film Festival \| Best Actress (Web Series) \| [Filth City](/wiki/Filth_City \"Filth City\") \| \| \|\n\| Best Ensemble Cast (Web Series) \| \| \|\n\| 2020 \| [Indie Series Awards](/wiki/Indie_Series_Awards \"Indie Series Awards\") \| Best Guest Actress \\- Comedy \| True Dating Stories \| \| \|\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Miss Conception Image Agency](http://www.miss-conception.com/)\n\n[Category:1992 births](/wiki/Category:1992_births \"1992 births\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Canadian actresses](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Canadian_actresses \"21st-century Canadian actresses\")\n[Category:Actresses from Ottawa](/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_Ottawa \"Actresses from Ottawa\")\n[Category:Canadian actresses of Indian descent](/wiki/Category:Canadian_actresses_of_Indian_descent \"Canadian actresses of Indian descent\")\n[Category:Canadian child actresses](/wiki/Category:Canadian_child_actresses \"Canadian child actresses\")\n[Category:Canadian female karateka](/wiki/Category:Canadian_female_karateka \"Canadian female karateka\")\n[Category:Canadian film actresses](/wiki/Category:Canadian_film_actresses \"Canadian film actresses\")\n[Category:Canadian television actresses](/wiki/Category:Canadian_television_actresses \"Canadian television actresses\")\n[Category:Canadian people of Indo\\-Guyanese descent](/wiki/Category:Canadian_people_of_Indo-Guyanese_descent \"Canadian people of Indo-Guyanese descent\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n\n" ] }
South Branch Dead River	{ "id": [ 20483999 ], "name": [ "Monkbot" ] }	4vvvizasrf7vkfd5mk0y6votp631acv	2021-01-20T19:46:19Z	956,020,220	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe South Branch Dead River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high\\-resolution flowline data. [The National Map](http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/), accessed June 30, 2011 tributary of the [Dead River](/wiki/Dead_River_%28Kennebec_River%29 \"Dead River (Kennebec River)\") in [Franklin County](/wiki/Franklin_County%2C_Maine \"Franklin County, Maine\"), [Maine](/wiki/Maine \"Maine\").\n\nFrom the outflow of Saddleback Lake () below [Saddleback Mountain](/wiki/Saddleback_Mountain_%28Rangeley%2C_Maine%29 \"Saddleback Mountain (Rangeley, Maine)\"), the river runs northeast to [Eustis](/wiki/Eustis%2C_Maine \"Eustis, Maine\"), where its confluence with the [North Branch](/wiki/North_Branch_Dead_River \"North Branch Dead River\") of the Dead River was drowned by the impoundment of [Flagstaff Lake](/wiki/Flagstaff_Lake_%28Maine%29 \"Flagstaff Lake (Maine)\") in 1950\\.\n\nThe [Northern Forest Canoe Trail](/wiki/Northern_Forest_Canoe_Trail \"Northern Forest Canoe Trail\") (NFCT) is a marked [canoeing](/wiki/Canoeing \"Canoeing\") route extending from [Old Forge](/wiki/Old_Forge%2C_New_York \"Old Forge, New York\"), [New York](/wiki/New_York_%28state%29 \"New York (state)\") to [Fort Kent](/wiki/Fort_Kent%2C_Maine \"Fort Kent, Maine\"), [Maine](/wiki/Maine \"Maine\"). From a four\\-mile portage between [Rangeley](/wiki/Rangeley%2C_Maine \"Rangeley, Maine\") on [Rangeley Lake](/wiki/Rangeley_Lake \"Rangeley Lake\") and [Dallas Plantation](/wiki/Dallas_Plantation%2C_Maine \"Dallas Plantation, Maine\") on the South Branch, the trail runs about down the South Branch, Flagstaff Lake, and the Dead River, to the mouth of Spencer Stream below Grand Falls.\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of rivers of Maine](/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Maine \"List of rivers of Maine\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n* [Maine Streamflow Data from the USGS](http://waterdata.usgs.gov/me/nwis/current/?type=flow)\n* [Maine Watershed Data From Environmental Protection Agency](http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/state.cfm?statepostal=ME)\n\n \n\n[Category:Tributaries of the Kennebec River](/wiki/Category:Tributaries_of_the_Kennebec_River \"Tributaries of the Kennebec River\")\n[Category:Rivers of Franklin County, Maine](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Franklin_County%2C_Maine \"Rivers of Franklin County, Maine\")\n[Category:Rivers of Maine](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Maine \"Rivers of Maine\")\n[Category:Northern Forest Canoe Trail](/wiki/Category:Northern_Forest_Canoe_Trail \"Northern Forest Canoe Trail\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Black Thorn, White Rose	{ "id": [ 13511889 ], "name": [ "IJVin" ] }	pbxuvk3rrn4mcs6k9hel1jytv8zvw34	2023-04-29T07:59:09Z	1,085,506,244	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Contents", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n \n\n*Black Thorn, White Rose* is the second book in a series of collections of re\\-told fairy tales edited by [Ellen Datlow](/wiki/Ellen_Datlow \"Ellen Datlow\") and [Terri Windling](/wiki/Terri_Windling \"Terri Windling\").\n\n", "Contents\n--------\n\n* Introduction by [Ellen Datlow](/wiki/Ellen_Datlow \"Ellen Datlow\") \\& [Terri Windling](/wiki/Terri_Windling \"Terri Windling\")\n* Words Like Pale Stones by [Nancy Kress](/wiki/Nancy_Kress \"Nancy Kress\")[Nancy Kress Bibliography](https://archive.today/20130222131847/http://www.sff.net/people/nankress/biblio.htm)—a retelling of [Rumplestiltskin](/wiki/Rumplestiltskin \"Rumplestiltskin\") in which the miller's daughter proves herself to be resourceful and resolute.[Rambles.net summary of Black Thorn, White Rose](http://www.rambles.net/windling_black.html)\n* Stronger Than Time by [Patricia C. Wrede](/wiki/Patricia_C._Wrede \"Patricia C. Wrede\")\n* Somnus’s Fair Maid by [Ann Downer](/wiki/Ann_Downer \"Ann Downer\")\n* The Frog King, or Iron Henry by [Daniel Quinn](/wiki/Daniel_Quinn \"Daniel Quinn\")\n* Near\\-Beauty by [M. E. Beckett](/wiki/M._E._Beckett \"M. E. Beckett\")\n* Ogre by [Michael Kandel](/wiki/Michael_Kandel \"Michael Kandel\")\n* Can’t Catch Me by [Michael Cadnum](/wiki/Michael_Cadnum \"Michael Cadnum\")\n* Journeybread Recipe by [Lawrence Schimel](/wiki/Lawrence_Schimel \"Lawrence Schimel\")\n* The Brown Bear of Norway by [Isabel Cole](/wiki/Isabel_Cole \"Isabel Cole\")\n* The Goose Girl by [Tim Wynne\\-Jones](/wiki/Tim_Wynne-Jones \"Tim Wynne-Jones\")\n* Tattercoats by [Midori Snyder](/wiki/Midori_Snyder \"Midori Snyder\")\n* Granny Rumple by [Jane Yolen](/wiki/Jane_Yolen \"Jane Yolen\")\n* The Sawing Boys by [Howard Waldrop](/wiki/Howard_Waldrop \"Howard Waldrop\")\n* Godson by [Roger Zelazny](/wiki/Roger_Zelazny \"Roger Zelazny\")\n* Ashputtle by [Peter Straub](/wiki/Peter_Straub \"Peter Straub\")[Peter Straub's works in anthologies](http://www.peterstraub.net/works/works_home.html) \n* Silver and Gold by [Ellen Steiber](/wiki/Ellen_Steiber \"Ellen Steiber\")\n* Sweet Bruising Skin by [Storm Constantine](/wiki/Storm_Constantine \"Storm Constantine\")[Storm Constantine's Published Short Stories page](http://stormconstantine.com/blog/?page_id=75#PUBLISHED) \n* The Black Swan by [Susan Wade](/wiki/Susan_Wade \"Susan Wade\")[Susan Wade's Short Fiction page](https://archive.today/20130222024411/http://www.sff.net/people/susanwade/short.html)\n* Recommended Reading—Misc. Material\n[Table of Contents \\-\\- Locus Magazine](http://www.locusmag.com/index/t280.htm#A28548)\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Ellen Datlow's Bibliography](https://web.archive.org/web/20090801175521/http://www.datlow.com/biobiblio.html)\n\n[Category:1994 anthologies](/wiki/Category:1994_anthologies \"1994 anthologies\")\n[Category:Fantasy anthologies](/wiki/Category:Fantasy_anthologies \"Fantasy anthologies\")\n[Category:Horror anthologies](/wiki/Category:Horror_anthologies \"Horror anthologies\")\n[Category:Collections of fairy tales](/wiki/Category:Collections_of_fairy_tales \"Collections of fairy tales\")\n[Category:William Morrow and Company books](/wiki/Category:William_Morrow_and_Company_books \"William Morrow and Company books\")\n\n" ] }
Laureus World Sports Award for Action Sportsperson of the Year	{ "id": [ 19261346 ], "name": [ "MrLinkinPark333" ] }	7jhn0dvon9bih1bxdkg1ueg001h1blm	2024-09-26T19:28:25Z	1,242,491,549	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "List of winners and nominees", "Statistics", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe Laureus World Sports Award for Action Sportsperson of the Year, known as the Alternative Sportsperson of the Year prior to 2007, is an annual award honouring the achievements of individual athletes from the world of action sports. It was first awarded in 2000 as one of the seven constituent awards presented during the [Laureus World Sports Awards](/wiki/Laureus_World_Sports_Awards \"Laureus World Sports Awards\"). The awards are presented by the Laureus Sport for Good Foundation, a global organisation involved in more than 150 charity projects supporting 500,000 young people. The first ceremony was held on 25 May 2000 in [Monte Carlo](/wiki/Monte_Carlo \"Monte Carlo\"), at which [Nelson Mandela](/wiki/Nelson_Mandela \"Nelson Mandela\") gave the keynote speech. Nominations for the award come from a specialist panel. The Laureus World Sports Academy then selects the winner who is presented with a Laureus statuette, created by [Cartier](/wiki/Cartier_%28jeweler%29 \"Cartier (jeweler)\"), at an annual awards ceremony held in various locations around the world. The awards are considered highly prestigious and are frequently referred to as the sporting equivalent of \"[Oscars](/wiki/Academy_Awards \"Academy Awards\")\".\n\nThe inaugural winner of the Laureus World Sports Award for Action Sportsperson of the Year, in 2000, was the American multi\\-sports athlete [Shaun Palmer](/wiki/Shaun_Palmer \"Shaun Palmer\"). It has been awarded posthumously on one occasion, in 2006 to the Italian [hang glider](/wiki/Hang_gliding \"Hang gliding\") [Angelo d'Arrigo](/wiki/Angelo_d%27Arrigo \"Angelo d'Arrigo\") who was killed in an air crash in March of that year. Americans are the most successful with nine awards, while surfers have been recognised most often of any sport with six awards; American surfer [Kelly Slater](/wiki/Kelly_Slater \"Kelly Slater\") is the individual that has received the award to most times, with four wins. The award has been presented to five women during its history: the Australian surfers [Layne Beachley](/wiki/Layne_Beachley \"Layne Beachley\") (2004\\) and [Stephanie Gilmore](/wiki/Stephanie_Gilmore \"Stephanie Gilmore\") (2010\\), the British yachtswoman [Ellen MacArthur](/wiki/Ellen_MacArthur \"Ellen MacArthur\") (2005\\), and the British mountain biker [Rachel Atherton](/wiki/Rachel_Atherton \"Rachel Atherton\") (2017\\), and twice to the American snowboarder [Chloe Kim](/wiki/Chloe_Kim \"Chloe Kim\"), who won the award in 2019 and 2020\\.\n\n", "List of winners and nominees\n----------------------------\n\n\| \\+ Key \|\n\| --- \|\n\| \| Indicates posthumous award \|\n\n\| \\+ Laureus World Sports Award for Action Sportsperson of the Year winners and nominees \| Year \| Image \| Winner \| Nationality \| Sport \| Nominees \| Refs \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 2000 \| – \| \| \| Multi\\-sport \| [Tony Hawk](/wiki/Tony_Hawk \"Tony Hawk\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Travis Pastrana](/wiki/Travis_Pastrana \"Travis Pastrana\") () – [motorcycling](/wiki/Motorcycle_sport \"Motorcycle sport\") \| \|\n\| 2001 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Mike Horn](/wiki/File:DmitrySharomov20161208-4023.jpg \"DmitrySharomov20161208-4023.jpg\") \| \| \| [Exploration](/wiki/Exploration \"Exploration\") \| [Layne Beachley](/wiki/Layne_Beachley \"Layne Beachley\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Tara Dakides](/wiki/Tara_Dakides \"Tara Dakides\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Davo Karničar](/wiki/Davo_Karni%C4%8Dar \"Davo Karničar\") () – [climbing](/wiki/Climbing \"Climbing\")/[extreme skiing](/wiki/Extreme_skiing \"Extreme skiing\") [John Stamstad](/wiki/John_Stamstad \"John Stamstad\") () – [mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking \"Mountain biking\") \| \|\n\| 2002 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Bob Burnquist](/wiki/File:Bob_Burnquist.jpg \"Bob Burnquist.jpg\") \| \n\n \|\n [Skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") \|\n [Will Gadd](/wiki/Will_Gadd \"Will Gadd\") () – [ice climbing](/wiki/Ice_climbing \"Ice climbing\")/[paragliding](/wiki/Paragliding \"Paragliding\") [Mat Hoffman](/wiki/Mat_Hoffman \"Mat Hoffman\") () – [BMX](/wiki/BMX \"BMX\") [Umberto Pelizzari](/wiki/Umberto_Pelizzari \"Umberto Pelizzari\") () – [freediving](/wiki/Freediving \"Freediving\") [Elena Repko](/wiki/Elena_Repko \"Elena Repko\") () – [climbing](/wiki/Climbing \"Climbing\") \|\n \|\n\| 2003 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Dean Potter](/wiki/File:Dean-Potter.jpg \"Dean-Potter.jpg\") \| \| \| [Climbing](/wiki/Climbing \"Climbing\") \| [Anne\\-Caroline Chausson](/wiki/Anne-Caroline_Chausson \"Anne-Caroline Chausson\") () – [mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking \"Mountain biking\")/[BMX](/wiki/BMX \"BMX\") [Kelly Clark](/wiki/Kelly_Clark \"Kelly Clark\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Pierre\\-Luc Gagnon](/wiki/Pierre-Luc_Gagnon \"Pierre-Luc Gagnon\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Martin Strel](/wiki/Martin_Strel \"Martin Strel\") () – [long\\-distance swimming](/wiki/Long-distance_swimming \"Long-distance swimming\") \| \|\n\| 2004 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Layne Beachley](/wiki/File:LayneBeachleyAug2011.jpg \"LayneBeachleyAug2011.jpg\") \| \| \| [Surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| [Gretchen Bleiler](/wiki/Gretchen_Bleiler \"Gretchen Bleiler\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Anne\\-Caroline Chausson](/wiki/Anne-Caroline_Chausson \"Anne-Caroline Chausson\") () – [mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking \"Mountain biking\")/[BMX](/wiki/BMX \"BMX\") [Laird Hamilton](/wiki/Laird_Hamilton \"Laird Hamilton\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Ryan Sheckler](/wiki/Ryan_Sheckler \"Ryan Sheckler\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Shaun White](/wiki/Shaun_White \"Shaun White\") () – multi\\-sport \| \|\n\| 2005 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Ellen MacArthur](/wiki/File:Ellen-McArthur_%281%29.jpg \"Ellen-McArthur (1).jpg\") \| \| \| [Sailing](/wiki/Sailing_%28sport%29 \"Sailing (sport)\") \| [Darren Berrecloth](/wiki/Darren_Berrecloth \"Darren Berrecloth\") () – [BMX](/wiki/BMX \"BMX\") [Gunn\\-Rita Dahle](/wiki/Gunn-Rita_Dahle_Flesj%C3%A5 \"Gunn-Rita Dahle Flesjå\") () – [mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking \"Mountain biking\") [Dallas Friday](/wiki/Dallas_Friday \"Dallas Friday\") () – [wakeboarding](/wiki/Wakeboarding \"Wakeboarding\") [Mike Horn](/wiki/Mike_Horn \"Mike Horn\") () – [exploration](/wiki/Exploration \"Exploration\") [Shane McConkey](/wiki/Shane_McConkey \"Shane McConkey\") () – [freeskiing](/wiki/Freeskiing \"Freeskiing\") \| \|\n\| 2006 \| \| \| \| [Hang gliding](/wiki/Hang_gliding \"Hang gliding\") \| [Chelsea Georgeson](/wiki/Chelsea_Georgeson \"Chelsea Georgeson\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Tanner Hall](/wiki/Tanner_Hall_%28skier%29 \"Tanner Hall (skier)\") () – [freeskiing](/wiki/Freeskiing \"Freeskiing\") [Kelly Slater](/wiki/Kelly_Slater \"Kelly Slater\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Jeremy Stenberg](/wiki/Jeremy_Stenberg \"Jeremy Stenberg\") () – [motocross](/wiki/Motocross \"Motocross\") [Danny Way](/wiki/Danny_Way \"Danny Way\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") \| \|\n\| 2007 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Kelly Slater](/wiki/File:Kelly_slater.jpg \"Kelly slater.jpg\") \| \| \| [Surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| [Aaron Hadlow](/wiki/Aaron_Hadlow \"Aaron Hadlow\") () – [kiteboarding](/wiki/Kiteboarding \"Kiteboarding\") [Travis Pastrana](/wiki/Travis_Pastrana \"Travis Pastrana\") () – [rallying](/wiki/Rallying \"Rallying\")/[motorcycling](/wiki/Motorcycle_sport \"Motorcycle sport\") [Kevin Pritchard](/wiki/Kevin_Pritchard_%28windsurfer%29 \"Kevin Pritchard (windsurfer)\") () – [windsurfing](/wiki/Windsurfing \"Windsurfing\") [Gisela Pulido](/wiki/Gisela_Pulido \"Gisela Pulido\") () – [kiteboarding](/wiki/Kiteboarding \"Kiteboarding\") [Shaun White](/wiki/Shaun_White \"Shaun White\") () – multi\\-sport \| \|\n\| 2008 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Shaun White](/wiki/File:Shaun_White_2008.jpg \"Shaun White 2008.jpg\") \| \| \| Multi\\-sport \| [Daniel Dhers](/wiki/Daniel_Dhers \"Daniel Dhers\") () – [BMX](/wiki/BMX \"BMX\") [Mick Fanning](/wiki/Mick_Fanning \"Mick Fanning\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Stephanie Gilmore](/wiki/Stephanie_Gilmore \"Stephanie Gilmore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Aaron Hadlow](/wiki/Aaron_Hadlow \"Aaron Hadlow\") () – [kiteboarding](/wiki/Kiteboarding \"Kiteboarding\") [Ryan Sheckler](/wiki/Ryan_Sheckler \"Ryan Sheckler\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") \| \|\n\| 2009 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Kelly Slater](/wiki/File:Kelly_Slater_%286020584199%29.jpg \"Kelly Slater (6020584199).jpg\") \| \| \| [Surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| [Julien Absalon](/wiki/Julien_Absalon \"Julien Absalon\") () – [mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking \"Mountain biking\") [Stephanie Gilmore](/wiki/Stephanie_Gilmore \"Stephanie Gilmore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Aaron Hadlow](/wiki/Aaron_Hadlow \"Aaron Hadlow\") () – [kiteboarding](/wiki/Kiteboarding \"Kiteboarding\") [Tanner Hall](/wiki/Tanner_Hall_%28skier%29 \"Tanner Hall (skier)\") () – [freeskiing](/wiki/Freeskiing \"Freeskiing\") [Shaun White](/wiki/Shaun_White \"Shaun White\") () – multi\\-sport \| \|\n\| 2010 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Stephanie Gilmore](/wiki/File:Stephanie_Gilmore.jpg \"Stephanie Gilmore.jpg\") \| \| \| [Surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| [Antoine Albeau](/wiki/Antoine_Albeau \"Antoine Albeau\") () – [windsurfing](/wiki/Windsurfing \"Windsurfing\") [Chris Cole](/wiki/Chris_Cole_%28skateboarder%29 \"Chris Cole (skateboarder)\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Mick Fanning](/wiki/Mick_Fanning \"Mick Fanning\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Greg Long](/wiki/Greg_Long_%28surfer%29 \"Greg Long (surfer)\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Danny MacAskill](/wiki/Danny_MacAskill \"Danny MacAskill\") () – [mountain bike trials](/wiki/Mountain_bike_trials \"Mountain bike trials\") \| \|\n\| 2011 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Kelly Slater](/wiki/File:KellySlater_byRobKeaton.jpg \"KellySlater byRobKeaton.jpg\") \| \| \| [Surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| [Jamie Bestwick](/wiki/Jamie_Bestwick \"Jamie Bestwick\") () – [BMX](/wiki/BMX \"BMX\") [Stephanie Gilmore](/wiki/Stephanie_Gilmore \"Stephanie Gilmore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Levi Sherwood](/wiki/Levi_Sherwood \"Levi Sherwood\") () – [motocross](/wiki/Freestyle_Motocross \"Freestyle Motocross\") [Shaun White](/wiki/Shaun_White \"Shaun White\") () – multi\\-sport [Victor Fernandez](/wiki/Victor_Fernandez_%28windsurfer%29 \"Victor Fernandez (windsurfer)\") () – [windsurfing](/wiki/Windsurfing \"Windsurfing\") \| \|\n\| 2012 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Kelly Slater](/wiki/File:Kelly_Slater.jpg \"Kelly Slater.jpg\") \| \| \| [Surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| [Jamie Bestwick](/wiki/Jamie_Bestwick \"Jamie Bestwick\") () – [BMX](/wiki/BMX \"BMX\") [Philip Köster](/wiki/Philip_K%C3%B6ster \"Philip Köster\") () – [windsurfing](/wiki/Windsurfing \"Windsurfing\") [Carissa Moore](/wiki/Carissa_Moore \"Carissa Moore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Travis Rice](/wiki/Travis_Rice \"Travis Rice\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Shaun White](/wiki/Shaun_White \"Shaun White\") () – multi\\-sport \| \|\n\| 2013 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Felix Baumgartner](/wiki/File:Felix_Baumgartner_2013.jpg \"Felix Baumgartner 2013.jpg\") \| \| \| [Adventure](/wiki/Adventure \"Adventure\") \| [Jamie Bestwick](/wiki/Jamie_Bestwick \"Jamie Bestwick\") () – [BMX](/wiki/BMX \"BMX\") [Julie Bresset](/wiki/Julie_Bresset \"Julie Bresset\") () – [mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking \"Mountain biking\") [Stephanie Gilmore](/wiki/Stephanie_Gilmore \"Stephanie Gilmore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Philip Köster](/wiki/Philip_K%C3%B6ster \"Philip Köster\") () – [windsurfing](/wiki/Windsurfing \"Windsurfing\") [Joel Parkinson](/wiki/Joel_Parkinson \"Joel Parkinson\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| \|\n\| 2014 \| – \| \| \| [BMX](/wiki/BMX \"BMX\") \| [Bob Burnquist](/wiki/Bob_Burnquist \"Bob Burnquist\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Mick Fanning](/wiki/Mick_Fanning \"Mick Fanning\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [John John Florence](/wiki/John_John_Florence \"John John Florence\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Maya Gabeira](/wiki/Maya_Gabeira \"Maya Gabeira\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Shaun White](/wiki/Shaun_White \"Shaun White\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") \| \|\n\| 2015 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Alan Eustace](/wiki/File:Alan_Eustace_in_2008.jpg \"Alan Eustace in 2008.jpg\") \| \| \| [Skydiving](/wiki/Parachuting \"Parachuting\") \| [Stephanie Gilmore](/wiki/Stephanie_Gilmore \"Stephanie Gilmore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Nyjah Huston](/wiki/Nyjah_Huston \"Nyjah Huston\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Sage Kotsenburg](/wiki/Sage_Kotsenburg \"Sage Kotsenburg\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Danny MacAskill](/wiki/Danny_MacAskill \"Danny MacAskill\") () – [mountain bike trials](/wiki/Mountain_bike_trials \"Mountain bike trials\") [Gabriel Medina](/wiki/Gabriel_Medina \"Gabriel Medina\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| \|\n\| 2016 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Jan Frodeno in 2015](/wiki/File:Jan_Frodeno_2015_Ironman_European_Championship_Frankfurt.jpeg \"Jan Frodeno 2015 Ironman European Championship Frankfurt.jpeg\") \| \| \| [Ironman triathlon](/wiki/Ironman_Triathlon \"Ironman Triathlon\") \| [Rachel Atherton](/wiki/Rachel_Atherton \"Rachel Atherton\") () – [mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking \"Mountain biking\") [Bob Burnquist](/wiki/Bob_Burnquist \"Bob Burnquist\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Adriano De Souza](/wiki/Adriano_De_Souza \"Adriano De Souza\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Mick Fanning](/wiki/Mick_Fanning \"Mick Fanning\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Chloe Kim](/wiki/Chloe_Kim \"Chloe Kim\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") \| \|\n\| 2017 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Rachel Atherton](/wiki/File:RachelAhterton.jpg \"RachelAhterton.jpg\") \| \| \| [Mountain biking](/wiki/Mountain_biking \"Mountain biking\") \| [Pedro Barros](/wiki/Pedro_Barros_%28skateboarder%29 \"Pedro Barros (skateboarder)\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [John John Florence](/wiki/John_John_Florence \"John John Florence\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Chloe Kim](/wiki/Chloe_Kim \"Chloe Kim\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Kelly Sildaru](/wiki/Kelly_Sildaru \"Kelly Sildaru\") () – [freestyle skiing](/wiki/Freestyle_skiing \"Freestyle skiing\") [Tyler Wright](/wiki/Tyler_Wright_%28surfer%29 \"Tyler Wright (surfer)\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| \|\n\| 2018 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Armel Le Cleac'h in 2016](/wiki/File:Vend%C3%A9e_Globe_2016_-_Armel_Le_Cl%C3%A9ac%27h_%2830764004362%29.jpg \"Vendée Globe 2016 - Armel Le Cléac'h (30764004362).jpg\") \| \| \| [Sailing](/wiki/Sailing_%28sport%29 \"Sailing (sport)\") \| [John John Florence](/wiki/John_John_Florence \"John John Florence\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Anna Gasser](/wiki/Anna_Gasser \"Anna Gasser\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Nyjah Huston](/wiki/Nyjah_Huston \"Nyjah Huston\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Mark McMorris](/wiki/Mark_McMorris \"Mark McMorris\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Tyler Wright](/wiki/Tyler_Wright_%28surfer%29 \"Tyler Wright (surfer)\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| \|\n\| 2019 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Kim in 2017](/wiki/File:Chloe_Kim%2C_2017_%28cropped%29.png \"Chloe Kim, 2017 (cropped).png\") \| \| \| [Snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") \| [Stephanie Gilmore](/wiki/Stephanie_Gilmore \"Stephanie Gilmore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Gabriel Medina](/wiki/Gabriel_Medina \"Gabriel Medina\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Maya Gabeira](/wiki/Maya_Gabeira \"Maya Gabeira\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Shaun White](/wiki/Shaun_White \"Shaun White\") () – multi\\-sport [Anna Gasser](/wiki/Anna_Gasser \"Anna Gasser\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") \| \|\n\| 2020 \| [100px\\\|alt\\=Kim in 2017](/wiki/File:Chloe_Kim%2C_2017_%28cropped%29.png \"Chloe Kim, 2017 (cropped).png\") \| \| \| [Snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") \| [Carissa Moore](/wiki/Carissa_Moore \"Carissa Moore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Italo Ferreira](/wiki/Italo_Ferreira \"Italo Ferreira\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Mark McMorris](/wiki/Mark_McMorris \"Mark McMorris\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Nyjah Huston](/wiki/Nyjah_Huston \"Nyjah Huston\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Rayssa Leal](/wiki/Rayssa_Leal \"Rayssa Leal\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") \| \|\n\| 2021 \| Not awarded \| \| \| \| \| \|\n\| 2022 \| – \| \| \| [Cyclist](/wiki/Cyclist \"Cyclist\") \| [Italo Ferreira](/wiki/Italo_Ferreira \"Italo Ferreira\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Alberto Ginés](/wiki/Alberto_Gin%C3%A9s \"Alberto Ginés\") () \\- [climbing](/wiki/Climbing \"Climbing\") [Yuto Horigome](/wiki/Yuto_Horigome_%28skateboarder%29 \"Yuto Horigome (skateboarder)\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Carissa Moore](/wiki/Carissa_Moore \"Carissa Moore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Momiji Nishiya](/wiki/Momiji_Nishiya \"Momiji Nishiya\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") \| \|\n\| 2023 \| [100px](/wiki/File:2020-01-18_Eileen_Gu_at_the_2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Freeski_Slopestyle_%E2%80%93_Mascot_Ceremony_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_18_%28cropped%29.jpg \"2020-01-18 Eileen Gu at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics – Women's Freeski Slopestyle – Mascot Ceremony (Martin Rulsch) 18 (cropped).jpg\") \| \| \| [Skiing](/wiki/Skiing \"Skiing\") \| [Justine Dupont](/wiki/Justine_Dupont \"Justine Dupont\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Stephanie Gilmore](/wiki/Stephanie_Gilmore \"Stephanie Gilmore\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Chloe Kim](/wiki/Chloe_Kim \"Chloe Kim\") () – [snowboarding](/wiki/Snowboarding \"Snowboarding\") [Rayssa Leal](/wiki/Rayssa_Leal \"Rayssa Leal\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Filipe Toledo](/wiki/Filipe_Toledo \"Filipe Toledo\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| \|\n\| 2024 \| [100px](/wiki/File:25th_Laureus_World_Sports_Awards_-_240422_203117.jpg \"25th Laureus World Sports Awards - 240422 203117.jpg\") \| \| \| [Skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") \| [Rayssa Leal](/wiki/Rayssa_Leal \"Rayssa Leal\") () – [skateboarding](/wiki/Skateboarding \"Skateboarding\") [Caroline Marks](/wiki/Caroline_Marks \"Caroline Marks\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") [Kirsten Neuschäfer](/wiki/Kirsten_Neusch%C3%A4fer \"Kirsten Neuschäfer\") () – [sailing](/wiki/Sailing \"Sailing\") [Bethany Shriever](/wiki/Bethany_Shriever \"Bethany Shriever\") () – [bmx](/wiki/Bmx \"Bmx\") [Filipe Toledo](/wiki/Filipe_Toledo \"Filipe Toledo\") () – [surfing](/wiki/Surfing \"Surfing\") \| \|\n\n", "Statistics\n----------\n\nStatistics are correct as of 2024 awards.\n\n\| \\+ Winners by nationality \|\n\| --- \|\n\| Country \| Winners \| Nominations \|\n\| \| 10 \| 42 \|\n\| \| 4 \| 10 \|\n\| \| 3 \| 11 \|\n\| \| 1 \| 15 \|\n\| \| 1 \| 4 \|\n\| \| 1 \| 2 \|\n\| \| 1 \| 2 \|\n\| \| 1 \| 1 \|\n\| \| 1 \| 0 \|\n\| \| 1 \| 0 \|\n\| \| 0 \| 6 \|\n\| \| 0 \| 2 \|\n\| \| 0 \| 2 \|\n\| \| 0 \| 3 \|\n\| \| 0 \| 1 \|\n\| \| 0 \| 1 \|\n\| \| 0 \| 1 \|\n\| \| 0 \| 1 \|\n\| \| 0 \| 1 \|\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Action Sportsperson of the Year](/wiki/Category:Laureus_World_Sports_Awards \"Laureus World Sports Awards\")\n[Category:Awards established in 2000](/wiki/Category:Awards_established_in_2000 \"Awards established in 2000\")\n\n" ] }
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "104.201.122.210" ] }	6j4684pkkddtku40lt5tnzs2lp67td7	2023-03-09T14:41:08Z	1,011,938,877	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "HSPD\\-7 was revoked by the Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD\\-21\\) on Critical Infrastructure, Security and Resilience on February 12, 2013\\. PPD\\-21 states that \"Plans developed pursuant to HSPD\\-7 shall remain in effect until specifically revoked or superseded.\"[https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/PPD\\-21\\-Critical\\-Infrastructure\\-and\\-Resilience\\-508\\.pdf](https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/PPD-21-Critical-Infrastructure-and-Resilience-508.pdf) DHS.gov: Presidential Policy Directive 21: Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience Multiple changes came out of PPD\\-21, including a six actions with specific deadlines. One of those actions was to update the National Infrastructure Protection Plan within 240 days.\n\nHomeland Security Presidential Directive 7 (HSPD\\-7\\) established the U.S. national policy for identification of and prioritization for protection of critical infrastructure. Signed by George W. Bush on December 17, 2003 it modified previous policy for a post\\-9/11 country.\n\nIt added agriculture to the list of industries for [critical infrastructure protection](/wiki/Critical_infrastructure_protection \"Critical infrastructure protection\") in December 2003\\. HSPD\\-7 replaces the 1998 [Presidential Decision Directive](/wiki/Presidential_Decision_Directive \"Presidential Decision Directive\") 63 (PDD\\-63\\) that omitted agriculture and food. These directives designate the physical systems that are vulnerable to terrorist attack and are essential for the minimal operation of the economy and the government. Federal agencies are to develop plans to prepare for and counter the threat. In terms of combating terrorism and [weapons of mass destruction](/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction \"Weapons of mass destruction\") (WMD), agriculture was included in the National Security Council’s WMD preparedness group formed by [Presidential Decision Directive 62](/wiki/Presidential_Decision_Directive_62 \"Presidential Decision Directive 62\") (PDD\\-62\\) in 1998\\. Agroterrorism preparedness is more directly addressed by [HSPD\\-9](/wiki/HSPD-9 \"HSPD-9\").\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [DHS.gov: Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7: Critical Infrastructure Identification, Prioritization, and Protection](https://www.dhs.gov/xabout/laws/gc_1214597989952.shtm)\n\n[Category:United States Department of Homeland Security](/wiki/Category:United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security \"United States Department of Homeland Security\")\n[Category:United States Department of Agriculture](/wiki/Category:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture \"United States Department of Agriculture\")\n[Category:United States presidential directives](/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_directives \"United States presidential directives\")\n\n" ] }
Gymnopilus areolatus	{ "id": [ 14594899 ], "name": [ "Esculenta" ] }	18f54odojjgxyl3lbtxzxzrvhs1bj8i	2024-01-10T23:39:26Z	1,116,319,507	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Description", "Habitat and distribution", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Gymnopilus areolatus* is a [species](/wiki/Species \"Species\") of [mushroom](/wiki/Mushroom \"Mushroom\")\\-forming [fungus](/wiki/Fungus \"Fungus\") in the family [Hymenogastraceae](/wiki/Hymenogastraceae \"Hymenogastraceae\"). It was first [formally described](/wiki/Species_description \"Species description\") by American mycologist [William Alphonso Murrill](/wiki/William_Alphonso_Murrill \"William Alphonso Murrill\"), from specimens collected in [Cuba](/wiki/Cuba \"Cuba\").\n\n", "Description\n-----------\n\nThe [cap](/wiki/Pileus_%28mycology%29 \"Pileus (mycology)\") is in diameter.\n\n", "Habitat and distribution\n------------------------\n\nGymnopilus areolatus typically grows clumped together on stumps, and logs of [hardwoods](/wiki/Hardwood \"Hardwood\") and [palms](/wiki/Palm_tree \"Palm tree\"). It is found in [Cuba](/wiki/Cuba \"Cuba\") in May and September.\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of Gymnopilus species](/wiki/List_of_Gymnopilus_species \"List of Gymnopilus species\")\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[areolatus](/wiki/Category:Gymnopilus \"Gymnopilus\")\n[Category:Fungi of North America](/wiki/Category:Fungi_of_North_America \"Fungi of North America\")\n[Category:Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill](/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_William_Alphonso_Murrill \"Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill\")\n[Category:Fungi described in 1913](/wiki/Category:Fungi_described_in_1913 \"Fungi described in 1913\")\n[Category:Fungus species](/wiki/Category:Fungus_species \"Fungus species\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Li Lingyu	{ "id": [ 46329968 ], "name": [ "Lavender11" ] }	4qvv4enqigkrlftzhq59a5kxjer3lia	2023-08-03T07:32:58Z	1,168,521,181	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Biography", "Filmography", "Films", "Television", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nLi Lingyu (born 9 April 1963, in Shanghai) is a Chinese [singer](/wiki/Singer \"Singer\") and [actress](/wiki/Actress \"Actress\").\n\n", "Biography\n---------\n\nLi was born in Shanghai in 1963\\. She is a student of the notable singer [Wang Kun](/wiki/Wang_Kun_%28singer%29 \"Wang Kun (singer)\").\n\nIn 1980, she was admitted to the Beijing Red Flag Yue Opera Company, performing [Yue opera](/wiki/Yue_opera \"Yue opera\"). In 1984, she joined the China Oriental Song and Dance Troupe. There she met her first husband and married at the age of 21\\.[Sweet Song Queen Li Lingyu](http://www.womenofchina.cn/Profiles/Celebrities/13254.jsp) , 18 January 2007, All\\-China Women's Federation\n\nHer first television role was in the 1986 adaptation of [Journey to the West](/wiki/Journey_to_the_West \"Journey to the West\"). She released her first album in 1987, Sweet Song Queen.\n\nIn 1993, she moved to Japan, partly because of marital difficulties, and worked there for two years as an [anchorwoman](/wiki/Anchorwoman \"Anchorwoman\") for [MTV Japan](/wiki/MTV_Japan \"MTV Japan\").\n\nLi migrated to Canada in 1995, married a Canadian investment manager in 1997, and gave birth to a son in 2000\\.\n\nIn 2005, she was appointed a part\\-time lecturer at the [School of Continuing Education](/wiki/School_of_Continuing_Education \"School of Continuing Education\") in California.[Li Lingyu employed as part\\-time professor](http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/m/p/2005-12-24/1244939572.html), Sina Corp.com, 24 December 2005 She also returned to singing with a [RMB](/wiki/RMB \"RMB\") one million deal for her successful album Beauty Chant.\n\n", "Filmography\n-----------\n\n### Films\n\n* 1988: A Mysterious Heroine as Wu Qi / Ning Ning\n* 1988: [A Dream of Red Mansions](/wiki/A_Dream_of_Red_Mansions_%281988_film_series%29 \"A Dream of Red Mansions (1988 film series)\") as Third Sister You\n* 1989: Sister Outlaw as singer\n* 1990: The Ninth Unresolved Case as Su Chunni\n* 2005: Life Adventure (musical [3\\-D film](/wiki/3-D_film \"3-D film\")) as Yu the Sun Goddess\n* 2010: [Chongqing Blues](/wiki/Chongqing_Blues \"Chongqing Blues\") as Fang Hui\n* 2012: Harpoon as Laura\n* 2016: When We Were Young as Fang Ziyun\n* 2018: Equity Situation as Li Xuehui\n* 2019: [Pegasus](/wiki/Pegasus_%28film%29 \"Pegasus (film)\") as Zhu Chunjuan\n\n### Television\n\n* 1986: [Journey to the West](/wiki/Journey_to_the_West_%281986_TV_series%29 \"Journey to the West (1986 TV series)\") as Yu Tu / Princess Jade Rabbit\n* 1992: Stories from the Editorial Board as Fei Lili\n* 1993: Haima Song and Dance Hall as friendship guest appearance\n* 1994: Temporary Family as friendship guest appearance\n* 2002: Legendary Li Cui Lian II as Yan Guifei\n* 2004: [Xiaozhuang Mishi](/wiki/Xiaozhuang_Mishi \"Xiaozhuang Mishi\") as an imperial concubine\n* 2012: The youth I never indulged as Liang Yiyun\n* 2013: Military woman as Ming Kexin\n* 2014: [New Moment in Peking](/wiki/Moment_in_Peking_%282014_TV_series%29 \"Moment in Peking (2014 TV series)\") as Yao's wife\n* 2014: The Love Is Inconceivable as cameo\n* 2015: The Cage of Love as Mrs. Jiang\n* 2015: [Cao Cao](/wiki/Cao_Cao_%28TV_series%29 \"Cao Cao (TV series)\") as Lady Ding\n* 2017: Love of Aurora as Lei Cai Ying (Li Ming Zhe's mother)\n* 2020: Storm in the Black River as Lin Yin\n* 2020: Qing Qing Zi Jin as Yu Maid\n", "### Films\n\n* 1988: A Mysterious Heroine as Wu Qi / Ning Ning\n* 1988: [A Dream of Red Mansions](/wiki/A_Dream_of_Red_Mansions_%281988_film_series%29 \"A Dream of Red Mansions (1988 film series)\") as Third Sister You\n* 1989: Sister Outlaw as singer\n* 1990: The Ninth Unresolved Case as Su Chunni\n* 2005: Life Adventure (musical [3\\-D film](/wiki/3-D_film \"3-D film\")) as Yu the Sun Goddess\n* 2010: [Chongqing Blues](/wiki/Chongqing_Blues \"Chongqing Blues\") as Fang Hui\n* 2012: Harpoon as Laura\n* 2016: When We Were Young as Fang Ziyun\n* 2018: Equity Situation as Li Xuehui\n* 2019: [Pegasus](/wiki/Pegasus_%28film%29 \"Pegasus (film)\") as Zhu Chunjuan\n", "### Television\n\n* 1986: [Journey to the West](/wiki/Journey_to_the_West_%281986_TV_series%29 \"Journey to the West (1986 TV series)\") as Yu Tu / Princess Jade Rabbit\n* 1992: Stories from the Editorial Board as Fei Lili\n* 1993: Haima Song and Dance Hall as friendship guest appearance\n* 1994: Temporary Family as friendship guest appearance\n* 2002: Legendary Li Cui Lian II as Yan Guifei\n* 2004: [Xiaozhuang Mishi](/wiki/Xiaozhuang_Mishi \"Xiaozhuang Mishi\") as an imperial concubine\n* 2012: The youth I never indulged as Liang Yiyun\n* 2013: Military woman as Ming Kexin\n* 2014: [New Moment in Peking](/wiki/Moment_in_Peking_%282014_TV_series%29 \"Moment in Peking (2014 TV series)\") as Yao's wife\n* 2014: The Love Is Inconceivable as cameo\n* 2015: The Cage of Love as Mrs. Jiang\n* 2015: [Cao Cao](/wiki/Cao_Cao_%28TV_series%29 \"Cao Cao (TV series)\") as Lady Ding\n* 2017: Love of Aurora as Lei Cai Ying (Li Ming Zhe's mother)\n* 2020: Storm in the Black River as Lin Yin\n* 2020: Qing Qing Zi Jin as Yu Maid\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1963 births](/wiki/Category:1963_births \"1963 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Chinese women singers](/wiki/Category:Chinese_women_singers \"Chinese women singers\")\n[Category:Actresses from Shanghai](/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_Shanghai \"Actresses from Shanghai\")\n[Category:Singers from Shanghai](/wiki/Category:Singers_from_Shanghai \"Singers from Shanghai\")\n[Category:Chinese stage actresses](/wiki/Category:Chinese_stage_actresses \"Chinese stage actresses\")\n[Category:Educators from Shanghai](/wiki/Category:Educators_from_Shanghai \"Educators from Shanghai\")\n[Category:Chinese television actresses](/wiki/Category:Chinese_television_actresses \"Chinese television actresses\")\n[Category:Chinese film actresses](/wiki/Category:Chinese_film_actresses \"Chinese film actresses\")\n[Category:Yue opera actresses](/wiki/Category:Yue_opera_actresses \"Yue opera actresses\")\n\n" ] }
Dagda Municipality	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "93.150.216.193" ] }	edcsz6ing3bzcj7u78sy8wbffzbe0j0	2024-08-08T15:58:24Z	1,067,828,935	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nDagda Municipality () is a former [municipality](/wiki/Municipality \"Municipality\") in [Latgale](/wiki/Latgale \"Latgale\"), [Latvia](/wiki/Latvia \"Latvia\"). The municipality was formed in 2009 by [merging](/wiki/Merger_%28politics%29 \"Merger (politics)\") [Andrupene parish](/wiki/Andrupene_parish \"Andrupene parish\"), [Andzeļi parish](/wiki/Andze%C4%BCi_parish \"Andzeļi parish\"), [Asūne parish](/wiki/As%C5%ABne_parish \"Asūne parish\"), [Bērziņi parish](/wiki/B%C4%93rzi%C5%86i_parish \"Bērziņi parish\"), [Dagda parish](/wiki/Dagda_parish \"Dagda parish\"), [Ezernieki parish](/wiki/Ezernieki_parish \"Ezernieki parish\"), [Konstantinova parish](/wiki/Konstantinova_parish \"Konstantinova parish\"), [Ķepova parish](/wiki/%C4%B6epova_parish \"Ķepova parish\"), [Svariņi parish](/wiki/Svari%C5%86i_parish \"Svariņi parish\"), [Šķaune parish](/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%B7aune_parish \"Šķaune parish\") and [Dagda](/wiki/Dagda%2C_Latvia \"Dagda, Latvia\") town the administrative centre being Dagda. As of 2020, the population was 6,549\\.\n\nOn 1 July 2021, Dagda Municipality ceased to exist and its territory was merged to [Krāslava Municipality](/wiki/Kr%C4%81slava_Municipality \"Krāslava Municipality\").\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Administrative divisions of Latvia (2009\\)](/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Latvia_%282009%29 \"Administrative divisions of Latvia (2009)\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Former municipalities of Latvia](/wiki/Category:Former_municipalities_of_Latvia \"Former municipalities of Latvia\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
List of colonial governors of Spanish Sahara	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "89.216.20.36" ] }	j2iba3ew79oe8yzqgt022lz4wvzlgks	2024-09-02T08:19:06Z	1,243,583,633	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "List", "See also", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n[thumb\\\|Map of Spanish Sahara.](/wiki/File:Wi-map-es.png \"Wi-map-es.png\")\n\nThe colonial governors of Spanish Sahara were the colonial administrators responsible for the territory of [Spanish Sahara](/wiki/Spanish_Sahara \"Spanish Sahara\"), an area equivalent to modern\\-day [Western Sahara](/wiki/Western_Sahara \"Western Sahara\"). The list covers the period from November 1884 to February 1976, when [Spain](/wiki/Spain \"Spain\") announced it had transferred sovereignty to [Morocco](/wiki/Morocco \"Morocco\") and terminated its administration of the territory.\n\n", "List\n----\n\n(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)\n\n\| Tenure \| Portrait \| Incumbent \| Notes \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\|Spanish suzerainty\n\n\| 3 November 1884 to 10 July 1885 \| [60px](/wiki/File:Emilio_Bonelli_y_Hernando%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana.jpg \"Emilio Bonelli y Hernando, La Ilustración Española y Americana.jpg\") \| [Emilio Bonelli](/wiki/Emilio_Bonelli \"Emilio Bonelli\"), Commandant \| \|\n\|Royal Commissioner on the West Coast of Africa\n\n\| 10 July 1885 to 6 April 1887 \| [60px](/wiki/File:Emilio_Bonelli_y_Hernando%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana.jpg \"Emilio Bonelli y Hernando, La Ilustración Española y Americana.jpg\") \| [Emilio Bonelli](/wiki/Emilio_Bonelli \"Emilio Bonelli\"), Royal Commissioner \| Arrives in Río de Oro on 26 August 1885 \|\n\|Political and Military Subgovernors of [Río de Oro](/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_Oro \"Río de Oro\") \n\n\| 6 April 1887 to bf. 1902 \| [60px](/wiki/File:Emilio_Bonelli_y_Hernando%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana.jpg \"Emilio Bonelli y Hernando, La Ilustración Española y Americana.jpg\") \| [Emilio Bonelli](/wiki/Emilio_Bonelli \"Emilio Bonelli\"), Subgovernor \| \|\n\| 1902 to 1 December 1903 \| \| [Ángel Villalobos](/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Villalobos \"Ángel Villalobos\"), Subgovernor \| \|\n\| 1 December 1903 to 1913 \| [60px](/wiki/File:Francisco_Bens_Argando%C3%B1a.jpg \"Francisco Bens Argandoña.jpg\") \| **, Subgovernor \| \|\n\|Delegates of the High Commissioner in the Southern Zone of the [Spanish protectorate in Morocco](/wiki/Spanish_protectorate_in_Morocco \"Spanish protectorate in Morocco\")** \n\n\| 1913 to 7 November 1925 \| [60px](/wiki/File:Francisco_Bens_Argando%C3%B1a.jpg \"Francisco Bens Argandoña.jpg\") \| **, Delegate \| Occupation of [Cape Juby](/wiki/Cape_Juby \"Cape Juby\") and [La Güera](/wiki/La_G%C3%BCera \"La Güera\") \|\n\| 7 November 1925 to 19 June 1932 \| [60px](/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Gouverneur_von_Rio_de_Oro_%28West-Sahara%29%2C_Guillermo_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a_Cusi_fliegt_mit_nach_Casablanca-Tschadseeflug_1930-31-LBS_MH02-08-0177.tiff \"ETH-BIB-Gouverneur von Rio de Oro (West-Sahara), Guillermo de la Peña Cusi fliegt mit nach Casablanca-Tschadseeflug 1930-31-LBS MH02-08-0177.tiff\") \| , Delegate \| \|\n\| 19 June 1932 to 30 August 1933 \| \| , Delegate \| \|\n\| 30 August 1933 to 1 July 1934 \| \| [José González Deleito](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Deleito \"José González Deleito\")*, Delegate \| \|\n\| 1 July 1934 to 29 August 1934* \| \| [Benigno Martínez Portillo](/wiki/Benigno_Mart%C3%ADnez_Portillo \"Benigno Martínez Portillo\"), Delegate \| \|\n\|Government delegates in the Sahara \n\n\| 29 August 1934 to 4 May 1936 \| \| [Benigno Martínez Portillo](/wiki/Benigno_Mart%C3%ADnez_Portillo \"Benigno Martínez Portillo\"), Government Delegate \| \|\n\| 4 May 1936 to 7 August 1936 \| \| **, Government Delegate \| [Spanish coup of July 1936](/wiki/Spanish_coup_of_July_1936 \"Spanish coup of July 1936\"); start of the [Spanish Civil War](/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War \"Spanish Civil War\") \|\n\| 7 August 1936 to 12 March 1937 \| \| , Government Delegate \| \|\n\| 12 March 1937 to 17 May 1940 \| \| [Antonio de Oro Pulido](/wiki/Antonio_de_Oro \"Antonio de Oro\"), Government Delegate \| Founded the city of [El Aaiún](/wiki/Laayoune \"Laayoune\") in 1938 \|\n\|Politico\\-Military Governor of [Ifni](/wiki/Ifni \"Ifni\") and the Sahara and Delegate of the High Commissioner in the Southern Zone of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco** \n\n\| 17 May 1940 to 24 July 1946 \| \| [José Bermejo López](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bermejo_L%C3%B3pez \"José Bermejo López\"), Governor \| \|\n\|Governors of the Government of [Spanish West Africa](/wiki/Spanish_West_Africa \"Spanish West Africa\")\n\n\| 24 July 1946 to 17 August 1949 \| \| [José Bermejo López](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bermejo_L%C3%B3pez \"José Bermejo López\"), Governor \| \|\n\| 17 August 1949 to 29 March 1952 \| \| [Francisco Rosaleny Burguet](/wiki/Francisco_Rosaleny_Burguet \"Francisco Rosaleny Burguet\"), Governor \| \|\n\| 29 March 1952 to 26 February 1954 \| \| [Venancio Tutor Gil](/wiki/Venancio_Tutor_Gil \"Venancio Tutor Gil\"), Governor \| \|\n\| 26 February 1954 to 23 May 1957 \| \| [Ramón Pardo de Santayana y Suárez](/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Pardo_de_Santayana_y_Su%C3%A1rez \"Ramón Pardo de Santayana y Suárez\"), Governor \| [Apostolic Prefecture of Spanish Sahara and Ifni](/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Western_Sahara \"Catholic Church in Western Sahara\") established on 5 July 1954, with [Félix Erviti Barcelona](/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Erviti_Barcelona \"Félix Erviti Barcelona\") [OMI](/wiki/Missionary_Oblates_of_Mary_Immaculate \"Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate\") as the first [apostolic prefect](/wiki/Apostolic_prefecture \"Apostolic prefecture\") \|\n\| 23 May 1957 to 10 January 1958 \| [60px](/wiki/File:Mariano_G%C3%B3mez_Zamalloa_%28cropped%29.jpg \"Mariano Gómez Zamalloa (cropped).jpg\") \| [Mariano Gómez\\-Zamalloa y Quirce](/wiki/Mariano_G%C3%B3mez-Zamalloa_y_Quirce \"Mariano Gómez-Zamalloa y Quirce\"), Governor \| Served at the start of the [Ifni War](/wiki/Ifni_War \"Ifni War\") \|\n\|Governors\\-general of Spanish Sahara\n\n\| 10 January 1958 to 22 July 1958 \| \| [José Héctor Vázquez](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_H%C3%A9ctor_V%C3%A1zquez \"José Héctor Vázquez\"), Governor\\-General \| Served at the end of the [Ifni War](/wiki/Ifni_War \"Ifni War\") \|\n\| 27 July 1958 to 6 October 1961 \| \| [Mariano Alonso Alonso](/wiki/Mariano_Alonso_Alonso \"Mariano Alonso Alonso\"), Governor\\-General \| \|\n\| 13 October 1961 to 21 February 1964 \| \| [Pedro Latorre Alcubierre](/wiki/Pedro_Latorre_Alcubierre \"Pedro Latorre Alcubierre\"), Governor\\-General \| \|\n\| 6 March 1964 to 5 November 1965 \| \| [Joaquín Agulla y Jiménez\\-Coronado](/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Agulla_y_Jim%C3%A9nez-Coronado \"Joaquín Agulla y Jiménez-Coronado\"), Governor\\-General \| \|\n\| 5 November 1965 to 26 November 1965 \| \| [Adolfo Artalejo Campos](/wiki/Adolfo_Artalejo_Campos \"Adolfo Artalejo Campos\"), Governor\\-General \| \|\n\| 5 December 1965 to 2 February 1967 \| \| [Ángel Enríquez Larrondo](/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Enr%C3%ADquez_Larrondo \"Ángel Enríquez Larrondo\"), Governor\\-General \| \|\n\| 18 February 1967 to 4 March 1971 \| \| **, Governor\\-General \| Served at the time of the [Zemla Intifada](/wiki/Zemla_Intifada \"Zemla Intifada\") \|\n\| 4 March 1971 to 6 June 1974 \| [60px](/wiki/File:Fernando_de_Santiago_y_D%C3%ADaz_de_Mend%C3%ADvil.png \"Fernando de Santiago y Díaz de Mendívil.png\") \| [Fernando de Santiago y Díaz de Mendívil](/wiki/Fernando_de_Santiago \"Fernando de Santiago\"), Governor\\-General \| \|\n\| 6 June 1974 to 6 February 1976 \| [60px](/wiki/File:Sahara_Occidental_Federico_Gomez_de_Salazar-kHUH--1240x698%40abc.jpg \"Sahara Occidental Federico Gomez de [email protected]\") \| [Federico Gómez de Salazar y Nieto](/wiki/Federico_G%C3%B3mez_de_Salazar \"Federico Gómez de Salazar\")*, Governor\\-General \| Served at the time of the [Green March](/wiki/Green_March \"Green March\") \|\n\| 14 February 1976 \|[Spain](/wiki/Spain \"Spain\") announces it has transferred sovereignty to [Morocco](/wiki/Morocco \"Morocco\")\n\n\| 26 February 1976 \|Spain terminates its administration\n\n\| 27 February 1976 \|[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic \"Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic\") proclaimed by the [Polisario Front](/wiki/Polisario_Front \"Polisario Front\")\n\n\| 14 April 1976 \|[Spanish Sahara](/wiki/Spanish_Sahara \"Spanish Sahara\") is [partitioned](/wiki/Western_Sahara_partition_agreement \"Western Sahara partition agreement\") and [annexed](/wiki/Annexation_of_Western_Sahara \"Annexation of Western Sahara\") by and \n\n\| 11 August 1979 \|Mauritanian part of the territory annexed by Morocco\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n [International Court of Justice](/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice \"International Court of Justice\") [Advisory opinion on Western Sahara](/wiki/Advisory_opinion_on_Western_Sahara \"Advisory opinion on Western Sahara\")\n* [History of Western Sahara](/wiki/History_of_Western_Sahara \"History of Western Sahara\")\n* [Saharan Liberation Army](/wiki/Saharan_Liberation_Army \"Saharan Liberation Army\")\n* [Southern Provinces](/wiki/Southern_Provinces \"Southern Provinces\")\n* [Tiris al\\-Gharbiyya](/wiki/Tiris_al-Gharbiyya \"Tiris al-Gharbiyya\")\n* [Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic \"Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic\")\n* [Polisario Front](/wiki/Polisario_Front \"Polisario Front\")\n* [Spanish protectorate in Morocco](/wiki/Spanish_protectorate_in_Morocco \"Spanish protectorate in Morocco\")\n\t+ [List of Spanish high commissioners in Morocco](/wiki/List_of_Spanish_high_commissioners_in_Morocco \"List of Spanish high commissioners in Morocco\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [World Statesmen – Western Sahara](http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Western_Sahara.html)\n\n[Sahara](/wiki/Category:Lists_of_Spanish_colonial_governors_and_administrators \"Lists of Spanish colonial governors and administrators\")\n[Category:Spanish Sahara](/wiki/Category:Spanish_Sahara \"Spanish Sahara\")\n[Colonial governors](/wiki/Category:Western_Sahara-related_lists \"Western Sahara-related lists\")\n\n" ] }
Australsecodes	{ "id": [ 27015025 ], "name": [ "InternetArchiveBot" ] }	8pjzuza5w6bzxmwcog7yyvzm31zb3bq	2023-09-18T02:18:08Z	1,009,021,692	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n* + - \n\n*Australsecodes* is a genus of [hymenopteran](/wiki/Hymenoptera \"Hymenoptera\") [insects](/wiki/Insect \"Insect\") of the family [Eulophidae](/wiki/Eulophidae \"Eulophidae\").\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n* [Key to Nearctic eulophid genera](http://cache.ucr.edu/~heraty/Eulophidae/index.html) \n* [Universal Chalcidoidea Database](http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/perth/chalcidoids/listChalcids.dsml?Superfamily=Chalcidoidea&Family=Eulophidae) \n\n[Category:Eulophidae](/wiki/Category:Eulophidae \"Eulophidae\")\n[Category:Taxa named by Alexandre Arsène Girault](/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Alexandre_Ars%C3%A8ne_Girault \"Taxa named by Alexandre Arsène Girault\")\n\n" ] }
Lithophane joannis	{ "id": [ 46437444 ], "name": [ "Scorpions1325" ] }	hl91qrz0iwxzlcndmma5tawaijr7ph1	2024-06-29T04:03:44Z	1,231,590,547	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Lithophane joannis* is a [moth](/wiki/Moth \"Moth\") of the family [Noctuidae](/wiki/Noctuidae \"Noctuidae\"). It is found in the US states of [Ohio](/wiki/Ohio \"Ohio\"), [Kentucky](/wiki/Kentucky \"Kentucky\") and [Michigan](/wiki/Michigan \"Michigan\").\n\nThe length of the forewings is 15–17 mm. The moth flies from October to April.\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Species info](https://archive.today/20121212175150/http://research.yale.edu/peabody/jls/htms/1990s/1992-46(3)220-Covell.htm)\n\n[joannis](/wiki/Category:Lithophane_%28moth%29 \"Lithophane (moth)\")\n[Category:Moths described in 1992](/wiki/Category:Moths_described_in_1992 \"Moths described in 1992\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Bulbophyllum mirum	{ "id": [ 9784415 ], "name": [ "Tom.Reding" ] }	251no4s8n68qeuge6rhkmzna1tka1yh	2024-01-19T01:13:51Z	1,185,133,877	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n* + \n\n*Bulbophyllum mirum* is a species of [orchid](/wiki/Orchid \"Orchid\") in the genus [Bulbophyllum](/wiki/Bulbophyllum \"Bulbophyllum\"). Its [natural distribution](/wiki/Species_distribution \"Species distribution\") is [peninsular](/wiki/Peninsula \"Peninsula\") [Thailand](/wiki/Thailand \"Thailand\"), [Malaysia](/wiki/Malaysia \"Malaysia\"), and on [Sumatra](/wiki/Sumatra \"Sumatra\"), [Java](/wiki/Java \"Java\"), [Borneo](/wiki/Borneo \"Borneo\") and the [Lesser Sunda Islands](/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands \"Lesser Sunda Islands\") of [Indonesia](/wiki/Indonesia \"Indonesia\"). It grows in humid [montane](/wiki/Montane_ecosystems \"Montane ecosystems\") forests at altitudes from to .\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n* [The Bulbophyllum\\-Checklist](http://bulbophyllum-checklist.bulbophyllum.at/)\n* [The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia](http://www.orchidspecies.com/indexbulb.htm)\n\n[mirum](/wiki/Category:Bulbophyllum_sect._Plumata \"Bulbophyllum sect. Plumata\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Peters Creek	{ "id": [ 486612 ], "name": [ "Gjs238" ] }	k5yiehp8focudam9wce6lqmaf18w0xs	2020-09-13T14:43:12Z	978,146,675	{ "title": [ "Peters Creek", "Communities", "Streams", "Roads", "See also" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "Peters Creek and Peter Creek may refer to:\n\n", "Communities\n-----------\n\n* [Chugiak, Alaska](/wiki/Chugiak%2C_Alaska \"Chugiak, Alaska\"), includes a community named Peters Creek\n* [Peters Creek, Illinois](/wiki/Peters_Creek%2C_Illinois \"Peters Creek, Illinois\")\n* [Peter Creek, Kentucky](/wiki/Peter_Creek%2C_Kentucky \"Peter Creek, Kentucky\")\n* [Peters Creek Township, Stokes County, North Carolina](/wiki/Peters_Creek_Township%2C_Stokes_County%2C_North_Carolina \"Peters Creek Township, Stokes County, North Carolina\")\n", "Streams\n-------\n\n* [Peters Creek (California)](/wiki/Peters_Creek_%28California%29 \"Peters Creek (California)\")\n* [Peter Creek (Missouri)](/wiki/Peter_Creek_%28Missouri%29 \"Peter Creek (Missouri)\")\n* [Peters Creek (Twelvemile Creek)](/wiki/Peters_Creek_%28Twelvemile_Creek%29 \"Peters Creek (Twelvemile Creek)\"), a stream in Missouri\n* [Peters Creek (Montana)](/wiki/Peters_Creek_%28Montana%29 \"Peters Creek (Montana)\"), a stream in Flathead County\n* [Peters Creek (Pennsylvania)](/wiki/Peters_Creek_%28Pennsylvania%29 \"Peters Creek (Pennsylvania)\")\n* [Peters Creek (Victoria)](/wiki/Peters_Creek_%28Victoria%29 \"Peters Creek (Victoria)\")\n", "Roads\n-----\n\n* [Peters Creek Parkway](/wiki/Peters_Creek_Parkway \"Peters Creek Parkway\"), North Carolina\n* [Virginia State Route 117](/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_117 \"Virginia State Route 117\"), known as Peters Creek Road\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Peters Brook (disambiguation)](/wiki/Peters_Brook_%28disambiguation%29 \"Peters Brook (disambiguation)\")\n\n" ] }
Acrodipsas aurata	{ "id": [ 46437444 ], "name": [ "Scorpions1325" ] }	1v46zkdoj6tfkzqkk997c4fbw34v1hs	2024-02-06T12:06:27Z	1,007,098,781	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Acrodipsas aurata, the golden ant\\-blue, is a [butterfly](/wiki/Butterfly \"Butterfly\") of the family [Lycaenidae](/wiki/Lycaenidae \"Lycaenidae\"). It is found in the mountains of [New South Wales](/wiki/New_South_Wales \"New South Wales\") and northern [Victoria](/wiki/Victoria_%28Australia%29 \"Victoria (Australia)\") in [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\").\n\nThe [wingspan](/wiki/Wingspan \"Wingspan\") is about 25 mm.\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n [Australian Caterpillars](https://web.archive.org/web/20091008211521/http://linus.socs.uts.edu.au/~don/larvae/lyca/aurata.html)\n\n[Category:Acrodipsas](/wiki/Category:Acrodipsas \"Acrodipsas\")\n[Category:Butterflies of Australia](/wiki/Category:Butterflies_of_Australia \"Butterflies of Australia\")\n[Category:Butterflies described in 1997](/wiki/Category:Butterflies_described_in_1997 \"Butterflies described in 1997\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Needle Peak	{ "id": [ 14508071 ], "name": [ "BG19bot" ] }	qlvwgoevamopymt5829240u9nq6w4ud	2016-06-07T22:16:58Z	719,088,861	{ "title": [ "Needle Peak" ], "level": [ 1 ], "content": [ "Needle Peak may refer to:\n\n* [Needle Peak (Antarctica)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Antarctica%29 \"Needle Peak (Antarctica)\")\n* In Canada:\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Alberta)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Alberta%29 \"Needle Peak (Alberta)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (British Columbia)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28British_Columbia%29 \"Needle Peak (British Columbia)\")\n* In the United States:\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Coronation Island)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Coronation_Island%29 \"Needle Peak (Coronation Island)\"), Alaska\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Arizona)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Arizona%29 \"Needle Peak (Arizona)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Inyo County, California)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Inyo_County%2C_California%29 \"Needle Peak (Inyo County, California)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Placer County, California)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Placer_County%2C_California%29 \"Needle Peak (Placer County, California)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Bonneville County, Idaho)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Bonneville_County%2C_Idaho%29 \"Needle Peak (Bonneville County, Idaho)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Shoshone County, Idaho)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Shoshone_County%2C_Idaho%29 \"Needle Peak (Shoshone County, Idaho)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Montana)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Montana%29 \"Needle Peak (Montana)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Nevada)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Nevada%29 \"Needle Peak (Nevada)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Brewster County, Texas)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Brewster_County%2C_Texas%29 \"Needle Peak (Brewster County, Texas)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Jeff Davis County, Texas)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Jeff_Davis_County%2C_Texas%29 \"Needle Peak (Jeff Davis County, Texas)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Presidio County, Texas)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Presidio_County%2C_Texas%29 \"Needle Peak (Presidio County, Texas)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Washington)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Washington%29 \"Needle Peak (Washington)\")\n\t+ [Needle Peak (Wyoming)](/wiki/Needle_Peak_%28Wyoming%29 \"Needle Peak (Wyoming)\")\n\n" ] }
Time for Change (Wendy Moten album)	{ "id": [ 45032927 ], "name": [ "ElfieWolfie08" ] }	5udn08f4qfjc00jnvo7a63f1f2hzc4t	2024-05-14T19:18:50Z	1,141,396,537	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Overview", "Track listing", "Personnel" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Time For Change* is the second [album](/wiki/Album \"Album\") by [American](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") [R\\&B](/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B \"Contemporary R&B\") singer [Wendy Moten](/wiki/Wendy_Moten \"Wendy Moten\"), released on February 22, 1995\\.\n\n", "Overview\n--------\n\nAlthough none of the album's singles charted in Moten's native [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") or the [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom \"United Kingdom\") where she had a [Top 10](/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart \"UK Singles Chart\") hit with \"Come In Out of the Rain\" the year before, the album did prove successful in [Japan](/wiki/Japan \"Japan\"), where she scored two smash hits; \"Change of Heart\", which reached number 1, and \"Your Love Is All I Know\", which peaked at number 2\\.\n\n", "Track listing\n-------------\n\n", "Personnel\n---------\n\n* [Drums](/wiki/Drum_Kit \"Drum Kit\"): [Vinnie Colaiuta](/wiki/Vinnie_Colaiuta \"Vinnie Colaiuta\"), Arthur Marbury\n* Percussion: Michael Fisher\n* Drum Programming: Dan Shea, Claude Gaudette\n* [Bass guitar](/wiki/Bass_guitar \"Bass guitar\"): Benjamin Skip Pruitt, Jackie Street\n* Keyboards, Piano: Paul D. Allen, Curtiss Boone, Vernon D. Fails, David Foster, Eddie Howard Jr., Michael J. Powell, [Cheryl Rogers](/wiki/Cheryl_Rogers \"Cheryl Rogers\"), Dan Shea, Aaron Zigman\n* String Conductor: Jeremy Lubbock\n* Synthesizer Programming: David Foster, Claude Gaudette, Tony Smith, [Ren Klyce](/wiki/Ren_Klyce \"Ren Klyce\"), Dan Shea, Gary Cirimelli\n* [Synclavier](/wiki/Synclavier \"Synclavier\") Programming: [Simon Franglen](/wiki/Simon_Franglen \"Simon Franglen\")\n* [Guitars](/wiki/Guitars \"Guitars\"): Cliff Downs, [Dann Huff](/wiki/Dann_Huff \"Dann Huff\"), Donnie Lyle, Michael J. Powell, [Michael Thompson](/wiki/Michael_Thompson_%28guitarist%29 \"Michael Thompson (guitarist)\")\n* [Saxophone](/wiki/Saxophone \"Saxophone\"): Mark Douthit, [Kirk Whalum](/wiki/Kirk_Whalum \"Kirk Whalum\")\n* [Flugelhorn](/wiki/Flugelhorn \"Flugelhorn\"): Gary Grant, [Jerry Hey](/wiki/Jerry_Hey \"Jerry Hey\")\n\n[Category:1995 albums](/wiki/Category:1995_albums \"1995 albums\")\n[Category:Wendy Moten albums](/wiki/Category:Wendy_Moten_albums \"Wendy Moten albums\")\n[Category:EMI Records albums](/wiki/Category:EMI_Records_albums \"EMI Records albums\")\n[Category:Albums produced by David Foster](/wiki/Category:Albums_produced_by_David_Foster \"Albums produced by David Foster\")\n[Category:Albums produced by Michael J. Powell](/wiki/Category:Albums_produced_by_Michael_J._Powell \"Albums produced by Michael J. Powell\")\n\n" ] }
Nosfell	{ "id": [ 7436027 ], "name": [ "Kjell Knudde" ] }	tp6coe15tlin7zrntz2lkkblk8sy3kf	2024-10-15T00:03:27Z	1,246,286,390	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Career", "Music", "Discography", "Albums", "DVD", "Book", "External links", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nNosfell (born 1 December 1977 in [Saint\\-Ouen](/wiki/Saint-Ouen%2C_Seine-Saint-Denis \"Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis\"), [France](/wiki/France \"France\")) is a French [rock](/wiki/Rock_music \"Rock music\") musician who performs in a group with Pierre Lebourgeois (cellist) and Orkhan Murat (drummer). His full stage name, Labyala Fela Da Jawid Fel, means \"The one who walks and heals\". [Nosfell](http://www.rocknfrance.com/critique-album-nosfell-pomaie-klokochazia-balek-chronique-f10180.php) on rocknfrance.com.\n\n", "Career\n------\n\nBorn in [the Parisian suburbia](/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France_%28region%29 \"Île-de-France (region)\"), Nosfell studied Asian languages [http://www.makingoz.com/le\\_nectar\\_du\\_chaos/index.php?option\\=com\\_content\\&task\\=view\\&id\\=33\\&Itemid\\=39\\&limit\\=1\\&limitstart\\=0](http://www.makingoz.com/le_nectar_du_chaos/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=39&limit=1&limitstart=0) but became famous as a [cabaret](/wiki/Cabaret \"Cabaret\") performer and musician. He played major venues including the [Paris Olympia](/wiki/Paris_Olympia \"Paris Olympia\"), opening for [Tryo](/wiki/Tryo \"Tryo\"), and the [Parc des Princes](/wiki/Parc_des_Princes \"Parc des Princes\"), opening for the [Red Hot Chili Peppers](/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers \"Red Hot Chili Peppers\") and [Pixies](/wiki/Pixies_%28band%29 \"Pixies (band)\"). At the [Printemps de Bourges](/wiki/Printemps_de_Bourges \"Printemps de Bourges\") music festival he was awarded the \"Attention talent scène\" prize. His first self\\-promoted LP, Pomaïe Klokochazia balek, was released in 2004, and he then signed to record label [V2 Records](/wiki/V2_Records \"V2 Records\"). He released two further albums, Kälin Bla Lemsnit Dünfel Labyanit (2006\\) and Nosfell (2009\\).\n\n", "Music\n-----\n\nNosfell's musical influences include [blues](/wiki/Blues \"Blues\"), [folk](/wiki/Folk_music \"Folk music\"), [funk](/wiki/Funk \"Funk\"), [African music](/wiki/African_music \"African music\"), [scat](/wiki/Scat_singing \"Scat singing\"), [human beatbox](/wiki/Human_beatbox \"Human beatbox\"), and other traditions. [http://www.makingoz.com/le\\_nectar\\_du\\_chaos/index.php?option\\=com\\_content\\&task\\=view\\&id\\=33\\&Itemid\\=39\\&limit\\=1\\&limitstart\\=1](http://www.makingoz.com/le_nectar_du_chaos/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=39&limit=1&limitstart=1) His work is characterised by his use of a distinctive invented language, \"Klokobetz\", which may be based on Japanese and German. He also sings in English and French.\n\nHis third album, Nosfell (produced by [Alain Johannes](/wiki/Alain_Johannes \"Alain Johannes\")), displays clearer rock influences than his other works. [Josh Homme](/wiki/Josh_Homme \"Josh Homme\"), [Brody Dalle](/wiki/Brody_Dalle \"Brody Dalle\") and [Daniel Darc](/wiki/Daniel_Darc \"Daniel Darc\") guest star on two of the songs. The album's release was accompanied by the publication of a book, Le Lac aux Velies, which Nosfell wrote with Ludovic Debeurme to elaborate the stories he narrates on stage.\n\n", "Discography\n-----------\n\n### Albums\n\n* 2003: Khayidilo (Album EP)\n* 2005: Pomaïe Klokochazia balek\n* 2006: Live in Bruxelles (Pomaïe Klokochazia balek, with live DVD)\n* 2007: Kälin Bla Lemsnit Dünfel Labyanit\n* 2009: Nosfell\n* 2011: Octopus\n* 2014: Amour Massif\n* 2014: Contact\n\n### DVD\n\n* 2006: Oklamindalofan, Live in Bruxelles in [Brussels](/wiki/Brussels \"Brussels\"), 15 December 2005\\.\n\n### Book\n\n* 2009: Le Lac aux Vélies (with Ludovic Debeurme's drawings), 25 June 2009\n", "### Albums\n\n* 2003: Khayidilo (Album EP)\n* 2005: Pomaïe Klokochazia balek\n* 2006: Live in Bruxelles (Pomaïe Klokochazia balek, with live DVD)\n* 2007: Kälin Bla Lemsnit Dünfel Labyanit\n* 2009: Nosfell\n* 2011: Octopus\n* 2014: Amour Massif\n* 2014: Contact\n", "### DVD\n\n* 2006: Oklamindalofan, Live in Bruxelles in [Brussels](/wiki/Brussels \"Brussels\"), 15 December 2005\\.\n", "### Book\n\n* 2009: Le Lac aux Vélies (with Ludovic Debeurme's drawings), 25 June 2009\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official Site](https://web.archive.org/web/20100324133649/http://www.nosfell.com/)\n\nUnofficial sites\n* [Nosfell.eu](http://www.nosfell.eu)\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:French rock guitarists](/wiki/Category:French_rock_guitarists \"French rock guitarists\")\n[Category:French male guitarists](/wiki/Category:French_male_guitarists \"French male guitarists\")\n[Category:French rock singers](/wiki/Category:French_rock_singers \"French rock singers\")\n[Category:French people of Algerian descent](/wiki/Category:French_people_of_Algerian_descent \"French people of Algerian descent\")\n[Category:French people of Spanish descent](/wiki/Category:French_people_of_Spanish_descent \"French people of Spanish descent\")\n[Category:French people of Italian descent](/wiki/Category:French_people_of_Italian_descent \"French people of Italian descent\")\n[Category:1977 births](/wiki/Category:1977_births \"1977 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:21st\\-century French singers](/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_singers \"21st-century French singers\")\n[Category:21st\\-century guitarists](/wiki/Category:21st-century_guitarists \"21st-century guitarists\")\n[Category:21st\\-century French male singers](/wiki/Category:21st-century_French_male_singers \"21st-century French male singers\")\n[Category:English\\-language singers from France](/wiki/Category:English-language_singers_from_France \"English-language singers from France\")\n\n" ] }
National Association of University-Model Schools	{ "id": [ 7611264 ], "name": [ "AnomieBOT" ] }	6hvf2biszgqn67m71mminybg5xyil6i	2024-07-17T21:59:15Z	1,235,124,441	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe National Association of University\\-Model Schools (NAUMS, Inc.) was founded in 2002 to promote University\\-Model schooling in the United States and to assist existing and developing University\\-Model Schools.\n\nA University\\-Model school is a [Christian](/wiki/Christian_school \"Christian school\"), [college\\-preparatory](/wiki/College-preparatory \"College-preparatory\") school which blends aspects of [private](/wiki/Independent_school \"Independent school\") and [homeschooling](/wiki/Homeschooling \"Homeschooling\"). Students meet on campus two or three days per week, and complete lessons at home on alternate days under the direction of professional teachers, with parents serving as co\\-teachers.\n\nThe \"University Model\" name is derived from the university\\-style scheduling offered by member schools. Students typically register for course on a semester\\-by\\-semester basis and may register for a full load or just selected courses.\n\nNAUMS member schools must pursue accreditation as a condition of their membership, and current NAUMS member schools have been accredited by one or more of the following organizations: The [Commission on International Trans\\-Regional Accreditation](/wiki/Commission_on_International_Trans-Regional_Accreditation \"Commission on International Trans-Regional Accreditation\"), the Georgia Accrediting Commission, the [Western Association of Schools and Colleges](/wiki/Western_Association_of_Schools_and_Colleges \"Western Association of Schools and Colleges\"), the [Southern Association of Colleges and Schools](/wiki/Southern_Association_of_Colleges_and_Schools \"Southern Association of Colleges and Schools\"), Council on Accreditation and School Improvement, and the [North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement](/wiki/North_Central_Association_of_Colleges_and_Schools \"North Central Association of Colleges and Schools\").\n\nAs of 2019, there were 88 operating member schools in 19 states, with a total student population of 11,626 students and one international school.\n\nCurrent University\\-Model Schools serve students from [kindergarten](/wiki/Kindergarten \"Kindergarten\") to 12th grade, with some schools offering a more limited range of grades.\n\nTuition at a university model school is typically 40% to 75% less than a traditional five\\-days\\-per\\-week school, resulting from fewer days on campus and a higher level of parental involvement.\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* <https://naumsinc.org/> Official website\n\n[Category:Associations of schools](/wiki/Category:Associations_of_schools \"Associations of schools\")\n[Category:Christian schools in the United States](/wiki/Category:Christian_schools_in_the_United_States \"Christian schools in the United States\")\n[Category:Educational organizations based in the United States](/wiki/Category:Educational_organizations_based_in_the_United_States \"Educational organizations based in the United States\")\n[Category:United States schools associations](/wiki/Category:United_States_schools_associations \"United States schools associations\")\n\n" ] }
Prostitution in Belarus	{ "id": [ 37991216 ], "name": [ "1ctinus" ] }	6o30ge17ghsdnv0glklr8nsnonycd0l	2024-07-03T14:06:13Z	1,212,987,413	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Historical extent", "Sex tourism", "Sex trafficking", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nProstitution in Belarus is illegal but commonplace and is an administrative, rather than criminal, offence. Running a [brothel](/wiki/Brothel \"Brothel\") is forbidden and engaging in other means of [pimping](/wiki/Pimping \"Pimping\") are punishable by up to 10 years in prison. [UNAIDS](/wiki/UNAIDS \"UNAIDS\") estimated there were 22,000 sex workers in [Belarus](/wiki/Belarus \"Belarus\") in 2016\\.\n\n[Sex trafficking](/wiki/Sex_trafficking \"Sex trafficking\") is a problem in the country.\n\n", "Historical extent\n-----------------\n\nOfficial data for Vitebsk, Minsk, Grodno and Mogilev provinces in 1889 showed there were 50 brothels with 326 [prostitutes](/wiki/Prostitute \"Prostitute\") working in them. The 1897 [Russian](/wiki/Russia \"Russia\") [census](/wiki/Census \"Census\") of the 5 Belarus provinces recorded 479 prostitutes.\n\nAccording to Ministry of Internal Affairs official 2010 figures, there were 1,930 women involved in prostitution in Belarus, roughly 637 of them were in [Minsk](/wiki/Minsk \"Minsk\"). 780 people were prosecuted for prostitution in 210\\.\n\n", "Sex tourism\n-----------\n\nThe country is a destination for [sex tourism](/wiki/Sex_tourism \"Sex tourism\"). The government has tried to combat this by visa restrictions. However there are no visas required for visitors from Russia, where most of the sex tourists come from. Most tourists travel to the country independently, but there are \"sex tours\" organised from [Turkey](/wiki/Turkey \"Turkey\") and [Western Europe](/wiki/Western_Europe \"Western Europe\").\n\nRussian are attracted to [casinos](/wiki/Casino \"Casino\") in the country, (Russia banned gambling and shut all casinos in 2009\\) and prostitution is attached to many of the casinos. There have been a number of high\\-profile arrests in connection with prostitution in casinos. In 2012, the art director and manager of Minsk's Dankoff Club were arrested and later the owner of the club, Jury Dańkoŭ, was also arrested.\n\nIn 2009, a Turkish citizen resident in Belarus was jailed 7 years for organising sex tours from Turkey. A year later an accomplice was also sentenced to 7 years. Some [Middle East](/wiki/Middle_East \"Middle East\") nationals have also been deported from Belarus for similar activities.\n\n", "Sex trafficking\n---------------\n\nBelarus is a source, transit, and destination country for women and children subjected to sex trafficking. Belarusian victims are primarily subjected to trafficking in Russia and Belarus, as well as in [Poland](/wiki/Poland \"Poland\"), Turkey, and other countries in [Eurasia](/wiki/Eurasia \"Eurasia\") and the Middle East. Some Belarusian women travelling for foreign employment in the adult entertainment and hotel industries are subjected to sex trafficking. The government has identified Belarusian, [Moldovan](/wiki/Moldova \"Moldova\"), Russian, [Ukrainian](/wiki/Ukraine \"Ukraine\"), and [Vietnamese](/wiki/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") victims exploited in Belarus.\n\nArticle 181 of the criminal code prohibits both sex and labour trafficking and prescribes penalties ranging from five to 15 years imprisonment in addition to the forfeiture of offenders’ assets. The government reported one sex trafficking investigation in 2016 under article 181, compared with one in 2015, one in 2014, and six in 2013\\.\n\nThe [United States Department of State](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State \"United States Department of State\") [Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons](/wiki/Office_to_Monitor_and_Combat_Trafficking_in_Persons \"Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons\") ranks Belarus as a '[Tier 3](/wiki/Trafficking_in_Persons_Report%23Ranking_System \"Trafficking in Persons Report#Ranking System\")' country.\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Prostitution in the Soviet Union](/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Soviet_Union \"Prostitution in the Soviet Union\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Belarusian women](/wiki/Category:Belarusian_women \"Belarusian women\")\n[Category:Society of Belarus](/wiki/Category:Society_of_Belarus \"Society of Belarus\")\n[Category:Belarusian victims of crime](/wiki/Category:Belarusian_victims_of_crime \"Belarusian victims of crime\")\n\n" ] }
Topolnica, Majdanpek	{ "id": [ 14232556 ], "name": [ "MirkoS18" ] }	dda23ie8cefdcf7xwr3qrlfw570y2pt	2020-05-11T01:00:14Z	771,814,949	{ "title": [ "Introduction" ], "level": [ 1 ], "content": [ "\n\nTopolnica ([Serbian Cyrillic](/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet \"Serbian Cyrillic alphabet\"): Тополница) is a [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") in [Serbia](/wiki/Serbia \"Serbia\"). It is situated in the [Majdanpek](/wiki/Majdanpek \"Majdanpek\") [municipality](/wiki/Municipality \"Municipality\"), in the [Bor District](/wiki/Bor_District \"Bor District\"). The nearest town is [Donji Milanovac](/wiki/Donji_Milanovac \"Donji Milanovac\"). The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 1064 people (2002 census).\n\n[Category:Populated places in Bor District](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Bor_District \"Populated places in Bor District\")\n\n" ] }
Lasiosphaeriella	{ "id": [ 35936988 ], "name": [ "JJMC89 bot III" ] }	7g3o0pa0e0tl3kwb8y67ugkjhmt1k5f	2023-08-08T21:09:40Z	1,016,574,799	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Lasiosphaeriella* is a [genus](/wiki/Genus \"Genus\") of [fungi](/wiki/Fungus \"Fungus\") in the [Sordariomycetes](/wiki/Sordariomycetes \"Sordariomycetes\") class (subclass [Sordariomycetidae](/wiki/Sordariomycetidae \"Sordariomycetidae\")) of the [Ascomycota](/wiki/Ascomycota \"Ascomycota\"). The relationship of this [taxon](/wiki/Taxon \"Taxon\") to other taxa within the [class](/wiki/Class_%28biology%29 \"Class (biology)\") is unknown ([incertae sedis](/wiki/Incertae_sedis \"Incertae sedis\")), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any [order](/wiki/Order_%28biology%29 \"Order (biology)\") or [family](/wiki/Family_%28biology%29 \"Family (biology)\").\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Index Fungorum](http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/genusrecord.asp?RecordID=2657)\n\n[Category:Sordariomycetes genera](/wiki/Category:Sordariomycetes_genera \"Sordariomycetes genera\")\n[Category:Enigmatic Sordariomycetes taxa](/wiki/Category:Enigmatic_Sordariomycetes_taxa \"Enigmatic Sordariomycetes taxa\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
John Croke	{ "id": [ 35936988 ], "name": [ "JJMC89 bot III" ] }	i892bj2hpfiumhrzwszatp4mu1xzqi5	2024-08-29T06:54:13Z	1,220,233,815	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Life", "Family and issue", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|Sir John Croke in 1618](/wiki/File:Sir_John_Croke%2C_aged_63.jpg \"Sir John Croke, aged 63.jpg\")\n\nSir John Croke (1553 – 20 January 1620\\) [\"CROKE, John III (1553\\-1620\\)\"](https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/croke-john-iii-1553-1620), in P.W. Hasler (éd.), The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1558\\-1603, 1981 was an English judge and politician who served as [Speaker of the English House of Commons](/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)\") between October and December 1601\\. He also served as [Recorder](/wiki/Recorder_%28judge%29 \"Recorder (judge)\") of London, and won the [City of London](/wiki/City_of_London_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"City of London (UK Parliament constituency)\") constituency in his election to the 1601 parliament, being the last Speaker before the death of [Elizabeth I](/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England \"Elizabeth I of England\"), in 1603\\.\n\n", "Life\n----\n\nCroke was born in 1553\\. His father, also named John, was a knight and a member of Parliament representing the borough of [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton \"Southampton\") in 1571, followed by another stint for the county of [Buckinghamshire](/wiki/Buckinghamshire \"Buckinghamshire\"). His mother was named Elizabeth and was a daughter of Alexander Unton, also a knight.\n\nCroke spent the early part of his career as a lawyer. He entered the [Inner Temple](/wiki/Inner_Temple \"Inner Temple\") in 1570, and received a [call to the bar](/wiki/Call_to_the_bar \"Call to the bar\") shortly after, becoming a \"distinguished member\". He was rewarded for his service as a lawyer with a silver [gilt](/wiki/Gilding \"Gilding\") bowl from the [Lord Chancellor](/wiki/Lord_Chancellor \"Lord Chancellor\"), Sir [Christopher Hatton](/wiki/Christopher_Hatton \"Christopher Hatton\") (d. 1591\\). Upon his father's death in 1584, he was deeded the [Chilton](/wiki/Chilton%2C_Buckinghamshire \"Chilton, Buckinghamshire\") manor house his grandfather had built, and [Studley Priory](/wiki/Studley_Priory%2C_Oxfordshire \"Studley Priory, Oxfordshire\"), which he had purchased. Croke built his own manor house at Studley, though he moved his family to Chilton after his father's death.\n\nCroke sat in the [Windsor constituency](/wiki/Windsor_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Windsor (UK Parliament constituency)\") in 1585, and was first elected for the City of London in 1597\\. He was made [Lent Reader](/wiki/Lent_Reader \"Lent Reader\") of the Inner Temple in 1596\\. He became Treasurer in 1598, and was subsequently appointed Recorder. Croke, in an era when intimidation of [counsel](/wiki/Counsel \"Counsel\") was frequent, was noted for his 'discretion' in court. In 1602, Croke was involved in a divisive witchcraft case of the era, in which he performed a series of a tests on the 14\\-year\\-old accuser, Mary Glover, and the defendant, Elizabeth Jackson; he came to the conclusion that Glover was bewitched after witnessing her reaction to a disguised Jackson, and her unresponsiveness to heat, which left visible burns. The evidence obtained was used in trial, though Sir Edmund Anderson was principal judge; Jackson was convicted to one year's imprisonment, but was released early.\n\nHe was elected Speaker unanimously in 1601\\. Manning, in his work on the Commons' speakers, repeats the recommendation given by [William Knolles](/wiki/William_Knollys%2C_1st_Earl_of_Banbury \"William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury\"), [Comptroller of the Household](/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Household \"Comptroller of the Household\"), for Croke to hold the office:\n\nOne early incident in Croke's tenure saw him come to the defence of a Member's right to be heard, after Serjeant Heale met with much disapprobation and mocking for defending Elizabeth's access to grants in the strongest terms – \"Yea, she hath as much right to all our lands and goods as to any revenue of the crown.\"\n\nManning relates how, in his short time as Speaker, he was able to influence Elizabeth to support a bill against the granting of monopolies entitled, \"An Act for the explanation of the common law in certain letters patent\". This, and similar pieces of legislation, were seen to overstep the Crown's prerogative, and Elizabeth, opposed to their fragmentation or suspension, was against the bill, though ignorant of the abuses that monopolies had brought. The House was almost wholly in favour the proposals, although they were referred to a committee. However, the day after this had been announced, Croke, in his capacity as Speaker, arose from his chair and informed the House of a meeting he had been called to with Elizabeth, in which she told of her desire to \"defend her people from all oppressions\" after having seen evidence of abuses. The committee of the House was adopted, and a motion was passed asking for an address by the Speaker expressing their gratitude, which Croke duly delivered.\n\nOn a bill for \"resorting to Church\" (to compel attendance) which received 105 \"ayes\" and 106 \"nays\", Sir Edward Hobbie, who was of the former, claimed the Speaker's vote. It was debated whether he had a voice, and Croke, after hearing the arguments of Sir [Walter Raleigh](/wiki/Walter_Raleigh \"Walter Raleigh\") (who opposed Croke's intervention) amongst others, decided that he did not. This established a precedent that the Speaker only has a casting vote in cases where the vote is tied, as Croke summed up his position by saying he \"was foreclosed of his voice by taking that position which it had pleased them to impose on him\" and that he was to be \"indifferent to both parties.\"\n\nCroke was responsible for the introduction of more stringent measures over what MPs could bring to parliament, as he prohibited the wearing of [spurs](/wiki/Spur \"Spur\"), and sought to impose similar restrictions on carrying [rapiers](/wiki/Rapier \"Rapier\"). Other events of note in this parliament included [The Golden Speech](/wiki/The_Golden_Speech \"The Golden Speech\") by Elizabeth (where she revealed it would be her last parliament), and the passing of a number of grants, which Manning says were evidence of the \"liberality evinced by Parliament ... after Elizabeth's promise to revoke the subsidies.\" Upon the dissolution of parliament, Croke's speech to Elizabeth, \"full of the accustomed flattery\", was interrupted: after Croke declared that \"The peace of the kingdom had been defended by the mighty arm of their dread and sacred Queen\" (alluding to the [Essex Rebellion](/wiki/Essex_Rebellion \"Essex Rebellion\")) she retorted, \"No; but by the mighty of God, Mr. Speaker.\"\n\nHe was knighted in the first year of [James I](/wiki/James_I_of_England \"James I of England\")'s reign, and was made a [serjeant\\-at\\-law](/wiki/Serjeant-at-law \"Serjeant-at-law\"), acting as serjeant for the King. Croke was also made deputy to the [Chancellor of the Exchequer](/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer \"Chancellor of the Exchequer\"), Sir [George Hume](/wiki/George_Home%2C_1st_Earl_of_Dunbar \"George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar\"), in 1604\\. As serjeant, one of his functions was to bring messages and bills from the [Lords](/wiki/House_of_Lords \"House of Lords\") to the Commons. Croke was mentioned in one of the most famous parliamentary [libels](/wiki/Libel_%28poetry%29 \"Libel (poetry)\") of the period, The Censure of the Parliament Fart, which recounted the audible emission of the MP Henry Ludlow in 1607: From Alastair Bellamy and Andrew McCrae's book, [Early Stuart Libels](http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/culturevulture/archives/2005/06/23/an_extremely_ol.html)\n\nAfter also serving as a Welsh judge, he was made one of the justices of the [Court of King's Bench](/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_%28England%29 \"Court of King's Bench (England)\") in 1607\\. He performed judicial duties for nearly thirteen years, and died on 23 January 1620\\.\n\n", "Family and issue\n----------------\n\nCroke's father, also Sir John Croke, was born in 1531, and was a knight of [Chilton](/wiki/Chilton%2C_Buckinghamshire \"Chilton, Buckinghamshire\"). His father was an MP in the Commons for the [borough of Southampton](/wiki/Southampton_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Southampton (UK Parliament constituency)\") in 1571, and the [county of Buckinghamshire](/wiki/Buckinghamshire_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Buckinghamshire (UK Parliament constituency)\") the following year, and in several other parliaments. [Internet Archive link](https://archive.org/details/livesspeakersho00manngoog) His paternal lineage included most of the royal families in Europe. Croke's mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of Sir [Alexander Unton](/wiki/Alexander_Unton \"Alexander Unton\"). His brother, Henry, was barrister\\-at\\-law and had several children by his wife Bennet (née Honywood). Croke married Catherine, daughter of Sir [Michael Blount](/wiki/Michael_Blount \"Michael Blount\"). Of their sons:\n\n* [Sir Henry](/wiki/Henry_Croke \"Henry Croke\") was MP for [Christ Church](/wiki/Christchurch_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Christchurch (UK Parliament constituency)\");\n* [Charles](/wiki/Charles_Croke \"Charles Croke\") entered [Holy Orders](/wiki/Holy_Orders \"Holy Orders\"); and\n* [Unton](/wiki/Unton_Croke \"Unton Croke\") sat for [Wallingford](/wiki/Wallingford_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Wallingford (UK Parliament constituency)\") in 1626 and 1640, was a barrister and sergeant\\-at\\-law by profession, and a sympathiser with the [Roundheads](/wiki/Roundhead \"Roundhead\").\n\nHis widow married Sir John Dormer in October 1622\\.Thomas Birch \\& Folkestone Williams, Court and Times of James the First, 2 (London: Colburn, 1849\\), p. 343\\. Croke's [issue](/wiki/Issue_%28legal%29 \"Issue (legal)\") was left to his eldest son, also [Sir John](/wiki/John_Croke_%28died_1640%29 \"John Croke (died 1640)\"), who was MP for [Shaftesbury](/wiki/Shaftesbury_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Shaftesbury (UK Parliament constituency)\"). His son, again called (Sir) John, inherited [Chilton](/wiki/Chilton%2C_Buckinghamshire \"Chilton, Buckinghamshire\"), of which he was [baronet](/wiki/Baronet \"Baronet\"), and \"through his impudent, litigious, and vindicative disposition, completely dissipated his inheritance\" (Burke). In describing a trial in which Croke defrauded Rev. Robert Hawkins (the accused), the Quarterly review describes him as, \"Sir John Croke, grandson of the celebrated judge who espoused the popular side in the case of ship\\-money, but himself a man of ruined fortune and profligate character.\" [Google Books link](https://books.google.com/books?id=dEkMAQAAIAAJ&dq) After selling Chilton, he died in prison, and the issue passed to his only son, Sir Dodsworth Croke. Dodsworth Croke lived in poverty, and died issueless, in old age, in 1728\\.\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Croke baronets](/wiki/Croke_baronets \"Croke baronets\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Speakers of the House of Commons of England](/wiki/Category:Speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_England \"Speakers of the House of Commons of England\")\n[Category:Members of the Parliament of England for the City of London](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Parliament_of_England_for_the_City_of_London \"Members of the Parliament of England for the City of London\")\n[Category:English MPs 1584–1585](/wiki/Category:English_MPs_1584%E2%80%931585 \"English MPs 1584–1585\")\n[Category:English MPs 1597–1598](/wiki/Category:English_MPs_1597%E2%80%931598 \"English MPs 1597–1598\")\n[Category:English MPs 1601](/wiki/Category:English_MPs_1601 \"English MPs 1601\")\n[Category:High sheriffs of Buckinghamshire](/wiki/Category:High_sheriffs_of_Buckinghamshire \"High sheriffs of Buckinghamshire\")\n[Category:Justices of the King's Bench](/wiki/Category:Justices_of_the_King%27s_Bench \"Justices of the King's Bench\")\n[Category:Lawyers from Buckinghamshire](/wiki/Category:Lawyers_from_Buckinghamshire \"Lawyers from Buckinghamshire\")\n[Category:People from Oxfordshire](/wiki/Category:People_from_Oxfordshire \"People from Oxfordshire\")\n[Category:1553 births](/wiki/Category:1553_births \"1553 births\")\n[Category:1620 deaths](/wiki/Category:1620_deaths \"1620 deaths\")\n[Category:16th\\-century English judges](/wiki/Category:16th-century_English_judges \"16th-century English judges\")\n[Category:16th\\-century English lawyers](/wiki/Category:16th-century_English_lawyers \"16th-century English lawyers\")\n\n" ] }
Ancestral Quest	{ "id": [ 179199 ], "name": [ "Akira625" ] }	ispv2tr1vwsdn8yngtt6mgubdnv4v96	2024-08-22T04:56:48Z	1,192,176,153	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Languages", "Features", "History", "Version history", "AQ technology in other products", "Company history", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\nAncestral Quest (AQ) is a [genealogy software](/wiki/Genealogy_software \"Genealogy software\") application for [Microsoft Windows](/wiki/Microsoft_Windows \"Microsoft Windows\") developed by Incline Software, LC. It features data entry with sourcing capabilities and [scrapbook](/wiki/Scrapbooking \"Scrapbooking\") extensions; a print engine for standard or custom charts and reports; a web page creator; a collaboration engine; and an extension tool for other genealogy [databases](/wiki/Database \"Database\").\n\nAncestral Quest was the first desktop genealogy software program to be certified to access, update, and synchronize with newer versions of [FamilySearch](/wiki/FamilySearch \"FamilySearch\").\n\n", "Languages\n---------\n\nDeveloped in English, Ancestral Quest allows for translation to other languages using language modules. These user\\-created files allow Ancestral Quest screens and reports to be translated or customized. A user can create his or her own language module, or leverage the module of someone else. The Danish, French, German, Norwegian, and Spanish language modules are completely translated. The Chinese, Finnish, and Swedish language modules currently have all basic screens and reports translated.\n\n", "Features\n--------\n\n* Creates a family tree, documenting sources and adding scrapbook items\n* Researches the Internet with search engine interfaces\n* Prints standard and custom charts, reports or books\n* Creates web pages\n* Imports and exports [GEDCOM](/wiki/GEDCOM \"GEDCOM\") files\n* Extends the use of other databases, such as [Personal Ancestral File](/wiki/Personal_Ancestral_File \"Personal Ancestral File\") or [FamilySearch](/wiki/FamilySearch \"FamilySearch\")\n* Can be used on a [flash drive](/wiki/Flash_drive \"Flash drive\")\n* Collaborate with other researchers, using a single master database \n* Can convert Personal Ancestral File (PAF) files\n", "History\n-------\n\n### Version history\n\n* Ancestral Quest 1\\.0: 1994\n* Ancestral Quest 1\\.1: 1995\n* Ancestral Quest 2\\.0: 1996\n* Ancestral Quest 2\\.1: 1997\n* Ancestral Quest 3\\.0: 1999\n* Ancestral Quest 10\\.0: 2002 \\- collaboration, research manager, global find/replace, PAF5\\.x support, fan charts, enhanced reporting\n* Ancestral Quest 11\\.0: 2003 \\- memorize source citations, detailed [change log](/wiki/Change_log \"Change log\"), print to [PDF](/wiki/PDF \"PDF\"), drop line charts, online IGI lookups\n* Ancestral Quest 12\\.0: 2007 \\- individual summary screen, language translation, [UNICODE](/wiki/UNICODE \"UNICODE\")\n* Ancestral Quest 12\\.1: 2008 \\- link and sync with new FamilySearch, flash drive support\n* Ancestral Quest 12\\.1: 2010 \\- Build 23 \\- Switched to FamilyTree [API](/wiki/API \"API\") Version 2 for nFS, display age at marriage/death on family view, added ghost lines between children on family view, minor bug fixes\n* Ancestral Quest 12\\.1: 2010 \\- Build 26 \\- Allows use of external viewer for photos, Improved Check/Repair, Assorted Bug Fixes\n* Ancestral Quest 14\\.0: 2012 \\- Research Timeline, Color Coding, Tags, improvements to fan charts, FamilySearch Family Tree, LDS features\n* Ancestral Quest 14\\.0: 2015 \\- [Mac](/wiki/Macintosh \"Macintosh\") Version available 19 August 2015\n* Ancestral Quest 15\\.0: 2016\n* Ancestral Quest 16\\.0: 2019\n\n### AQ technology in other products\n\nIn 1998, AQ was licensed for resale through Individual Software, and has been sold by them under the names of \"Family Ties\", \"Family Trees Quick \\& Easy\", \"Heritage Family Tree Deluxe\", and \"Family Tree Heritage\". In 1999, the AQ code was licensed to the [LDS Church](/wiki/LDS_Church \"LDS Church\") and became the base of the [Windows](/wiki/Microsoft_Windows \"Microsoft Windows\") versions of [Personal Ancestral File](/wiki/Personal_Ancestral_File \"Personal Ancestral File\"). Millions of copies of PAF have been distributed.\n\n```\nIn 2001, the AQ code was licensed to \n```\n\n[Ancestry.com](/wiki/Ancestry.com \"Ancestry.com\"), and became the base of Ancestry Family Tree.\n\n Nearly a million copies of AFT were distributed.\n\n### Company history\n\nIn 1998, Incline Software merged with The Hope Foundation. In 2001, this merger ended\n\n and Incline Software again became the custodian of AQ.\n\n", "### Version history\n\n* Ancestral Quest 1\\.0: 1994\n* Ancestral Quest 1\\.1: 1995\n* Ancestral Quest 2\\.0: 1996\n* Ancestral Quest 2\\.1: 1997\n* Ancestral Quest 3\\.0: 1999\n* Ancestral Quest 10\\.0: 2002 \\- collaboration, research manager, global find/replace, PAF5\\.x support, fan charts, enhanced reporting\n* Ancestral Quest 11\\.0: 2003 \\- memorize source citations, detailed [change log](/wiki/Change_log \"Change log\"), print to [PDF](/wiki/PDF \"PDF\"), drop line charts, online IGI lookups\n* Ancestral Quest 12\\.0: 2007 \\- individual summary screen, language translation, [UNICODE](/wiki/UNICODE \"UNICODE\")\n* Ancestral Quest 12\\.1: 2008 \\- link and sync with new FamilySearch, flash drive support\n* Ancestral Quest 12\\.1: 2010 \\- Build 23 \\- Switched to FamilyTree [API](/wiki/API \"API\") Version 2 for nFS, display age at marriage/death on family view, added ghost lines between children on family view, minor bug fixes\n* Ancestral Quest 12\\.1: 2010 \\- Build 26 \\- Allows use of external viewer for photos, Improved Check/Repair, Assorted Bug Fixes\n* Ancestral Quest 14\\.0: 2012 \\- Research Timeline, Color Coding, Tags, improvements to fan charts, FamilySearch Family Tree, LDS features\n* Ancestral Quest 14\\.0: 2015 \\- [Mac](/wiki/Macintosh \"Macintosh\") Version available 19 August 2015\n* Ancestral Quest 15\\.0: 2016\n* Ancestral Quest 16\\.0: 2019\n\n", "### AQ technology in other products\n\nIn 1998, AQ was licensed for resale through Individual Software, and has been sold by them under the names of \"Family Ties\", \"Family Trees Quick \\& Easy\", \"Heritage Family Tree Deluxe\", and \"Family Tree Heritage\". In 1999, the AQ code was licensed to the [LDS Church](/wiki/LDS_Church \"LDS Church\") and became the base of the [Windows](/wiki/Microsoft_Windows \"Microsoft Windows\") versions of [Personal Ancestral File](/wiki/Personal_Ancestral_File \"Personal Ancestral File\"). Millions of copies of PAF have been distributed.\n\n```\nIn 2001, the AQ code was licensed to \n```\n\n[Ancestry.com](/wiki/Ancestry.com \"Ancestry.com\"), and became the base of Ancestry Family Tree.\n\n Nearly a million copies of AFT were distributed.\n\n", "### Company history\n\nIn 1998, Incline Software merged with The Hope Foundation. In 2001, this merger ended\n\n and Incline Software again became the custodian of AQ.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [AncestralQuest](https://archive.today/20130209190000/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AncestralQuest/), Yahoo! Group\n\n[Category:Windows\\-only genealogy software](/wiki/Category:Windows-only_genealogy_software \"Windows-only genealogy software\")\n\n" ] }
Ang Mey	{ "id": [ 1310918 ], "name": [ "DumbBOT" ] }	ec6wcs3k5bnfb53xsqqyff5x3nhi7d6	2024-07-25T10:27:09Z	1,230,862,512	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Biography", "Early life", "Puppet queen", "Later life", "Legacy and aftermath", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nAng MeyIn Vietnamese record, she was called Ngọc Vân (玉雲). ( ; 1815 – December 1874\\) was a [monarch](/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia \"Monarchy of Cambodia\") of [Cambodia](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\"). Her official title was Samdech Preah Mahā Rājinī Ang Mey. She was one of the few female rulers in [Cambodia's history](/wiki/History_of_Cambodia \"History of Cambodia\"), and the first one since [Queen Tey](/wiki/Queen_Tey \"Queen Tey\"). Installed on the Cambodian throne by the [Vietnamese](/wiki/Vietnam \"Vietnam\"), her reign was dominated by the [Siamese\\-Vietnamese War (1841–1845\\)](/wiki/Siamese-Vietnamese_War_%281841%E2%80%931845%29 \"Siamese-Vietnamese War (1841–1845)\").\n\nQueen Ang Mey, also known by her Vietnamese title Ngọc\\-Vân\\-công\\-chúa (Princess Ngọc Vân), was proclaimed monarch on the death of her father by the Vietnamese faction at court with the title of \"Chân Lạp quận chúa\" (Duchess of Cambodia) in January 1835, then deposed in August 1840 with the demoted title of \"Mỹ\\-Lâm\\-quận\\-chúa\" (Duchess of Mỹ Lâm). She was reinstated in 1844, and again removed from the throne by the Vietnamese and taken to [Huế](/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF \"Huế\") with her sisters in 1845\\.\n\n", "Biography\n---------\n\n### Early life\n\nAng Mey was born in 1815 as the second daughter of [Ang Chan II](/wiki/Ang_Chan_II \"Ang Chan II\"), King of Cambodia during the [Oudong](/wiki/Oudong \"Oudong\") period, by his second wife, Neak Moneang Krachap.\n\nAfter King Ang Chan II died in 1834, there was no heir apparent to the Cambodian throne. The king had no son but four daughters: Princess Baen, Mey, Peou and Sngon.Sexual Culture in the east Asia pp, 127–155 This delighted [Vietnam](/wiki/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") and [Siam](/wiki/Siam \"Siam\"), both of which wanted to eliminate the royal rulers in Cambodia. Although Ang Chan's surviving brothers, Ang Im and Ang Duang, immediately laid claim to the throne, the Vietnamese then occupying Cambodia did not allow them to be crowned.\n\nInstead, the Vietnamese emperor and the Cambodian courtiers chose to install Ang Chan II's eldest daughter, Princess Ang Baen, as the sovereign. However, she was passed over due to her being sympathetic to the [Thai court](/wiki/Chakri_dynasty \"Chakri dynasty\")'s interests and her refusal to marry the emperor's son.Fieldnote, 2006 Ang Mey was an alternative to her sister, Baen. A Thai manuscript stated that the Vietnamese had tried to persuade Ang Mey to marry the son of emperor [Gia Long](/wiki/Gia_Long \"Gia Long\") in order to facilitate the incorporation of [Cambodia](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\") into [Vietnam](/wiki/Vietnam \"Vietnam\"); however, this plan was abandoned at strong objections from Cambodian nobles.Gender in election, p. 7\n\n### Puppet queen\n\nIn May 1835, Ang Mey was crowned with the title of quận chúa (郡主) or \"[Commandery](/wiki/Commandery_%28China%29 \"Commandery (China)\") Princess,\" a title of princess which was lower than công chúa (公主), bestowed by the [court of Hué](/wiki/Nguyen_dynasty \"Nguyen dynasty\"). Her three sisters were given the title huyện quân (縣君), or \"sub\\-prefecture ladies\".A Comparation analysis of traditional and contemporary of female house hold p 48 by Andrey Riffaund The Vietnamese kept close guard over the Ang princesses. Queen Ang Mey had two companies of soldiers, 100 men in total, for her personal protection. The other three Cambodian princesses were each assigned thirty soldiers. Ostensibly for their safety, the guards were in reality assigned to ensure that they did not escape.\n\nDuring Ang Mey's reign, all Cambodian women were ordered to wear Vietnamese\\-style garments [:vi:áo ngũ thân](/wiki/%C3%81o_ng%C5%A9_th%C3%A2n \"Áo ngũ thân\") instead of the khmer [sampot](/wiki/Sampot \"Sampot\") (similar to the [sarong](/wiki/Sarong \"Sarong\")), and had to grow their hair long in Vietnamese style.Fieldnote, 2005, 2006Violent against woman in Asian society 2003, p. 107 The market sold only Vietnamese food. [Khmer classical dance](/wiki/Khmer_classical_dance \"Khmer classical dance\") had assimilated elements of Vietnamese and Chinese tradition. Cambodian officials had to don Vietnamese ceremonial garb. [Wats](/wiki/Wat \"Wat\") were destroyed in order to eradicate the Khmer identity.Cambodian people by Sipar, p. 29 Places also received Vietnamese names. The area around [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\") was renamed Tran Tay, or \"Western Commandery\".Phnom Penh: a cultural and literary history By Milton Osborne, p. 51 The Cambodian people, not accustomed to be ruled by a Queen and despairing of the \"Vietnamization\" of their country, asked the [Siamese](/wiki/Siam \"Siam\") to install a male ruler, [Ang Duong](/wiki/Ang_Duong \"Ang Duong\"), brother of Ang Chan II.\n\nIn 1840, the elder sister of Ang Mey, Princess Baen, was discovered corresponding with her mother and uncle who were living in [Battambang](/wiki/Battambang \"Battambang\") and planning to escape to them. The princess was imprisoned pending her trial in [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\"). The Vietnamese emperor, [Minh Mạng](/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng \"Minh Mạng\"), demoted Mey and the other princesses. In August 1841 they were all arrested and deported to Vietnam along with the royal regalia. Around that time, some of Ang Mey's relatives were imprisoned on the island of [Poulo Condore](/wiki/Poulo_Condore \"Poulo Condore\"). According to Thai and Cambodian sources, Ang Baen was drowned in the [Mekong](/wiki/Mekong \"Mekong\") river, although Khin Sok states that Baen was tortured to death by the Vietnamese general and her body thrown in the river.\n\nSpurred by the death of Princess Ang Baen and the absence of their Queen Ang Mey, many Cambodian courtiers and their followers [revolted against the Vietnamese rule](/wiki/Cambodian_rebellion_%281840%29 \"Cambodian rebellion (1840)\"). Seizing the opportunity Siam invaded Cambodia in an attempt to install Ang Duong on the throne as their own puppet, triggering the [Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–45\\)](/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_%281841%E2%80%9345%29 \"Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–45)\"). In an attempt to defuse the rebellion, Vietnamese officials in [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\") called for the return of Mey to [Cambodia](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\") but the emperor [Ming Mang](/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng \"Minh Mạng\") refused. Only when the Vietnamese counter\\-offensive gained momentum and victory seemed assured was Mey returned to [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\"). Her proclamation in March 1844 intended for the provincial officials and leaders sought their support while Ang Duong issued similar appeals from [Oudong](/wiki/Oudong \"Oudong\") for his claim to the throne. Queen Ang Mey was reinstated as a queen and her sisters, Poeu and Sngon, as sub\\-prefecture rulers, in 1844\\.\n\nAs the warring factions fought to a stalemate in 1845, the Thai and Vietnamese initiated talks to resolve the Cambodian succession. In October 1846, the Vietnamese released the daughter and other family members of [Ang Duong](/wiki/Ang_Duong \"Ang Duong\") to join him in [Oudong](/wiki/Oudong \"Oudong\"). Vietnam and Siam forged a compromise whereby both Ang Duong and Ang Mey would rule together are co\\-sovereigns. However, when the simultaneous coronation was held in [Bangkok](/wiki/Bangkok \"Bangkok\") and [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\") in 1848, records only show [Ang Duong](/wiki/Ang_Duong \"Ang Duong\")'s accession to the throne. His niece, Ang Mey, was recorded as his successor instead of co\\-sovereign.\n\n### Later life\n\nAfter her reign concluded, Ang Mey lived with memories of death and dishonour for over twenty years. She did not succeed the throne after Ang Duong's death. His son and heir, [Norodom](/wiki/Norodom_of_Cambodia \"Norodom of Cambodia\"), left her in the care of an old retainer when he and his court moved to [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\"). At [Oudong](/wiki/Oudong \"Oudong\"), Ang Mey carried on, although sources described her as \"unbalanced\" when she took merchandise by her right as queen. Her servants had to intervene to placate the merchants.River Road to China: The Search for the Source of the Mekong, 1866–73 By Milton Osborne p. 26\n\nShe later married an unknown man and had two daughters. She and her husband died in an accident in late December 1874 but were cremated at Phnom Penh in 1884\\.\n\n", "### Early life\n\nAng Mey was born in 1815 as the second daughter of [Ang Chan II](/wiki/Ang_Chan_II \"Ang Chan II\"), King of Cambodia during the [Oudong](/wiki/Oudong \"Oudong\") period, by his second wife, Neak Moneang Krachap.\n\nAfter King Ang Chan II died in 1834, there was no heir apparent to the Cambodian throne. The king had no son but four daughters: Princess Baen, Mey, Peou and Sngon.Sexual Culture in the east Asia pp, 127–155 This delighted [Vietnam](/wiki/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") and [Siam](/wiki/Siam \"Siam\"), both of which wanted to eliminate the royal rulers in Cambodia. Although Ang Chan's surviving brothers, Ang Im and Ang Duang, immediately laid claim to the throne, the Vietnamese then occupying Cambodia did not allow them to be crowned.\n\nInstead, the Vietnamese emperor and the Cambodian courtiers chose to install Ang Chan II's eldest daughter, Princess Ang Baen, as the sovereign. However, she was passed over due to her being sympathetic to the [Thai court](/wiki/Chakri_dynasty \"Chakri dynasty\")'s interests and her refusal to marry the emperor's son.Fieldnote, 2006 Ang Mey was an alternative to her sister, Baen. A Thai manuscript stated that the Vietnamese had tried to persuade Ang Mey to marry the son of emperor [Gia Long](/wiki/Gia_Long \"Gia Long\") in order to facilitate the incorporation of [Cambodia](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\") into [Vietnam](/wiki/Vietnam \"Vietnam\"); however, this plan was abandoned at strong objections from Cambodian nobles.Gender in election, p. 7\n\n", "### Puppet queen\n\nIn May 1835, Ang Mey was crowned with the title of quận chúa (郡主) or \"[Commandery](/wiki/Commandery_%28China%29 \"Commandery (China)\") Princess,\" a title of princess which was lower than công chúa (公主), bestowed by the [court of Hué](/wiki/Nguyen_dynasty \"Nguyen dynasty\"). Her three sisters were given the title huyện quân (縣君), or \"sub\\-prefecture ladies\".A Comparation analysis of traditional and contemporary of female house hold p 48 by Andrey Riffaund The Vietnamese kept close guard over the Ang princesses. Queen Ang Mey had two companies of soldiers, 100 men in total, for her personal protection. The other three Cambodian princesses were each assigned thirty soldiers. Ostensibly for their safety, the guards were in reality assigned to ensure that they did not escape.\n\nDuring Ang Mey's reign, all Cambodian women were ordered to wear Vietnamese\\-style garments [:vi:áo ngũ thân](/wiki/%C3%81o_ng%C5%A9_th%C3%A2n \"Áo ngũ thân\") instead of the khmer [sampot](/wiki/Sampot \"Sampot\") (similar to the [sarong](/wiki/Sarong \"Sarong\")), and had to grow their hair long in Vietnamese style.Fieldnote, 2005, 2006Violent against woman in Asian society 2003, p. 107 The market sold only Vietnamese food. [Khmer classical dance](/wiki/Khmer_classical_dance \"Khmer classical dance\") had assimilated elements of Vietnamese and Chinese tradition. Cambodian officials had to don Vietnamese ceremonial garb. [Wats](/wiki/Wat \"Wat\") were destroyed in order to eradicate the Khmer identity.Cambodian people by Sipar, p. 29 Places also received Vietnamese names. The area around [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\") was renamed Tran Tay, or \"Western Commandery\".Phnom Penh: a cultural and literary history By Milton Osborne, p. 51 The Cambodian people, not accustomed to be ruled by a Queen and despairing of the \"Vietnamization\" of their country, asked the [Siamese](/wiki/Siam \"Siam\") to install a male ruler, [Ang Duong](/wiki/Ang_Duong \"Ang Duong\"), brother of Ang Chan II.\n\nIn 1840, the elder sister of Ang Mey, Princess Baen, was discovered corresponding with her mother and uncle who were living in [Battambang](/wiki/Battambang \"Battambang\") and planning to escape to them. The princess was imprisoned pending her trial in [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\"). The Vietnamese emperor, [Minh Mạng](/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng \"Minh Mạng\"), demoted Mey and the other princesses. In August 1841 they were all arrested and deported to Vietnam along with the royal regalia. Around that time, some of Ang Mey's relatives were imprisoned on the island of [Poulo Condore](/wiki/Poulo_Condore \"Poulo Condore\"). According to Thai and Cambodian sources, Ang Baen was drowned in the [Mekong](/wiki/Mekong \"Mekong\") river, although Khin Sok states that Baen was tortured to death by the Vietnamese general and her body thrown in the river.\n\nSpurred by the death of Princess Ang Baen and the absence of their Queen Ang Mey, many Cambodian courtiers and their followers [revolted against the Vietnamese rule](/wiki/Cambodian_rebellion_%281840%29 \"Cambodian rebellion (1840)\"). Seizing the opportunity Siam invaded Cambodia in an attempt to install Ang Duong on the throne as their own puppet, triggering the [Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–45\\)](/wiki/Siamese%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War_%281841%E2%80%9345%29 \"Siamese–Vietnamese War (1841–45)\"). In an attempt to defuse the rebellion, Vietnamese officials in [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\") called for the return of Mey to [Cambodia](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\") but the emperor [Ming Mang](/wiki/Minh_M%E1%BA%A1ng \"Minh Mạng\") refused. Only when the Vietnamese counter\\-offensive gained momentum and victory seemed assured was Mey returned to [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\"). Her proclamation in March 1844 intended for the provincial officials and leaders sought their support while Ang Duong issued similar appeals from [Oudong](/wiki/Oudong \"Oudong\") for his claim to the throne. Queen Ang Mey was reinstated as a queen and her sisters, Poeu and Sngon, as sub\\-prefecture rulers, in 1844\\.\n\nAs the warring factions fought to a stalemate in 1845, the Thai and Vietnamese initiated talks to resolve the Cambodian succession. In October 1846, the Vietnamese released the daughter and other family members of [Ang Duong](/wiki/Ang_Duong \"Ang Duong\") to join him in [Oudong](/wiki/Oudong \"Oudong\"). Vietnam and Siam forged a compromise whereby both Ang Duong and Ang Mey would rule together are co\\-sovereigns. However, when the simultaneous coronation was held in [Bangkok](/wiki/Bangkok \"Bangkok\") and [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\") in 1848, records only show [Ang Duong](/wiki/Ang_Duong \"Ang Duong\")'s accession to the throne. His niece, Ang Mey, was recorded as his successor instead of co\\-sovereign.\n\n", "### Later life\n\nAfter her reign concluded, Ang Mey lived with memories of death and dishonour for over twenty years. She did not succeed the throne after Ang Duong's death. His son and heir, [Norodom](/wiki/Norodom_of_Cambodia \"Norodom of Cambodia\"), left her in the care of an old retainer when he and his court moved to [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\"). At [Oudong](/wiki/Oudong \"Oudong\"), Ang Mey carried on, although sources described her as \"unbalanced\" when she took merchandise by her right as queen. Her servants had to intervene to placate the merchants.River Road to China: The Search for the Source of the Mekong, 1866–73 By Milton Osborne p. 26\n\nShe later married an unknown man and had two daughters. She and her husband died in an accident in late December 1874 but were cremated at Phnom Penh in 1884\\.\n\n", "Legacy and aftermath\n--------------------\n\nAng Mey was portrayed as a puppet of the Vietnamese emperor and officials in sources like The Cambodia Chronicle. [Ang Duong](/wiki/Ang_Duong \"Ang Duong\") took care to emphasize association between Mey and the Vietnamese, and blamed her rule for the loss of indentured slaves. Most chronicles of the period imply that the Cambodian courtiers acquiesced to Ang Mey as their sovereign while secretly holding out for Ang Im or Ang Duong to return as sovereign. There were even rumors that Mey was a concubine of [Truong Minh Giang](/wiki/Truong_Minh_Giang \"Truong Minh Giang\"), the Vietnamese governor in [Phnom Penh](/wiki/Phnom_Penh \"Phnom Penh\") but there is no historical evidence of such a liaison.Khmer woman on the move, p. 113 Others tempered their allegation of Ang Mey's misdeeds; the once beautiful princess may have sold her country, but not her body, to the Vietnamese.River Road to China: The Search for the Source of the Mekong, 1866–73 by Milton Osborne p. 25\n\nDuring the succession crisis, Ang Mey did seem to seek a peaceful solution to the factional strife in Cambodia, corresponding through Ang Duong's envoys that she wished for a return to peace and the family's reunion. This may have been at diplomatic response; the Vietnamese annals described her as an intelligent young lady at the time of her accession. Sudden and forced relocations to Vietnam and back, the murder of her sisters, and continued changes in her status may have induced hysterical or untoward behaviour. By the end of her reign, Ang Mey reportedly was mad.\n\nCambodian history has constructed Mey as a passive victim hardly legitimate in the eye of her own people,Phnom Penh Post, 20 December 2002 – 2 January 2003, p 14 her reign a disaster during which Khmer territory, culture, and independence was almost lost. While it cannot be denied that the Vietnamese were in control of Cambodia during Ang Mey's reign, she inherited a country that had already been mortgaged to the Court of Hué by her father, Ang Chan II. Mey was crowned sovereign of a kingdom under Vietnamese overlordship. It is difficult to ascertain what course of action other than acquiescence was available to her.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:19th\\-century Cambodian monarchs](/wiki/Category:19th-century_Cambodian_monarchs \"19th-century Cambodian monarchs\")\n[Category:Cambodian queens](/wiki/Category:Cambodian_queens \"Cambodian queens\")\n[Category:Cambodian Buddhist monarchs](/wiki/Category:Cambodian_Buddhist_monarchs \"Cambodian Buddhist monarchs\")\n[Category:1874 deaths](/wiki/Category:1874_deaths \"1874 deaths\")\n[Category:1815 births](/wiki/Category:1815_births \"1815 births\")\n[Category:19th\\-century women monarchs](/wiki/Category:19th-century_women_monarchs \"19th-century women monarchs\")\n[Category:19th\\-century Cambodian women](/wiki/Category:19th-century_Cambodian_women \"19th-century Cambodian women\")\n\n" ] }
Alexander Makarov (physicist)	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "46.191.186.145" ] }	16n3gjsoic4j2hszep0dmjq7ewh0ymy	2024-01-22T15:09:02Z	1,197,949,169	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Early life and education", "Awards", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nAlexander Alexeyevich Makarov, (; born 1966\\) is a Russian [physicist](/wiki/Physicist \"Physicist\") who led the team that developed the [Orbitrap](/wiki/Orbitrap \"Orbitrap\"), a type of [mass spectrometer](/wiki/Mass_spectrometer \"Mass spectrometer\"), and received the 2008 [American Society for Mass Spectrometry](/wiki/American_Society_for_Mass_Spectrometry \"American Society for Mass Spectrometry\") Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry Award for this development. In November 2013 he was appointed to Professor by Special Appointment of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry at the Department of Chemistry and the [Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research](/wiki/Bijvoet_Center_for_Biomolecular_Research \"Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research\") of [Utrecht University](/wiki/Utrecht_University \"Utrecht University\") in the Netherlands.\n\nAs of 2016, he is Director of Global Research for Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry at [Thermo Fisher Scientific](/wiki/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific \"Thermo Fisher Scientific\").\n\n", "Early life and education\n------------------------\n\n* 1989 [Moscow Engineering Physics Institute](/wiki/Moscow_Engineering_Physics_Institute \"Moscow Engineering Physics Institute\") \\- M.S. Molecular Physics\n* 1993 [Moscow Engineering Physics Institute](/wiki/Moscow_Engineering_Physics_Institute \"Moscow Engineering Physics Institute\") \\- Ph.D. Physics and Mathematics\n* 1994\\-1996 [Warwick University](/wiki/Warwick_University \"Warwick University\") \\- Postdoctoral Appointment\n", "Awards\n------\n\n* 2008 [ASMS](/wiki/American_Society_for_Mass_Spectrometry \"American Society for Mass Spectrometry\") Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry Award\n* 2012 Thomson Medal Award\n* 2020 [Fellow of the Royal Society](/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society \"Fellow of the Royal Society\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Russian physicists](/wiki/Category:Russian_physicists \"Russian physicists\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Russian inventors](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Russian_inventors \"21st-century Russian inventors\")\n[Category:Mass spectrometrists](/wiki/Category:Mass_spectrometrists \"Mass spectrometrists\")\n[Category:1966 births](/wiki/Category:1966_births \"1966 births\")\n[Category:Thomson Medal recipients](/wiki/Category:Thomson_Medal_recipients \"Thomson Medal recipients\")\n[Category:Russian scientists](/wiki/Category:Russian_scientists \"Russian scientists\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
John Lynch (dean of Canterbury)	{ "id": [ 754619 ], "name": [ "BrownHairedGirl" ] }	kheyx38j8crisdhxz989e9yz41nme98	2022-04-11T00:10:34Z	1,049,655,094	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\nJohn Lynch (1697–1760\\), of The Groves at [Staple, Kent](/wiki/Staple%2C_Kent \"Staple, Kent\"), was an 18th\\-century [Church of England](/wiki/Church_of_England \"Church of England\") clergyman, Royal chaplain to the King (1727–34\\) [Dean of Canterbury](/wiki/Dean_of_Canterbury \"Dean of Canterbury\") (1734–60\\) and [Archdeacon of Canterbury](/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Canterbury \"Archdeacon of Canterbury\").\n\nLynch was born on 5 December 1697, son of Colonel. John Lynch Esq of The Groves at [Staple, Kent](/wiki/Staple%2C_Kent \"Staple, Kent\") (d. 1733\\) and his wife, Hon. Sarah Head daughter of Sir Francis Head, Baronet of The Great Hermitage at Rochester in Kent. He was educated at the [King's School, Canterbury](/wiki/King%27s_School%2C_Canterbury \"King's School, Canterbury\"), and then [St John's College, Cambridge](/wiki/St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge \"St John's College, Cambridge\"), (1714; BA 1718; MA 1721; DD 1728\\). He was ordained deacon in Norwich (1721\\).\n\nIn 1723 his patron, Archbishop [William Wake](/wiki/William_Wake \"William Wake\"), appointed Lynch to the Chapter of [Canterbury Cathedral](/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral \"Canterbury Cathedral\") (Stall IV) and as rector of [All Hallows, Bread Street](/wiki/All_Hallows%2C_Bread_Street \"All Hallows, Bread Street\"), London. He was rector of [Sundridge](/wiki/Sundridge%2C_Kent \"Sundridge, Kent\") (Kent) from 1725 to 1733 and a chaplain to the king from 1727 to 1734\\.\n\nLynch married the archbishop's daughter, Mary, in 1728 and received further preferment, including appointment as master of the [Hospital of St Cross](/wiki/Hospital_of_St_Cross \"Hospital of St Cross\"), Winchester, rector of [All Hallows the Great](/wiki/All_Hallows_the_Great \"All Hallows the Great\") (London) (1730\\-2\\), rector of [Ickham](/wiki/Ickham \"Ickham\"), Kent (1731–60\\), rector of [Eynesford](/wiki/Eynesford \"Eynesford\"), Kent (1731–60\\), rector of [Bishopsbourne](/wiki/Bishopsbourne \"Bishopsbourne\"), Kent (1731–60\\), master of [Harbledown Hospital](/wiki/Harbledown \"Harbledown\"), Canterbury (1731\\) and treasurer of [Salisbury Cathedral](/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral \"Salisbury Cathedral\") (1735–60\\).\n\nOn the death of [Elias Sydall](/wiki/Elias_Sydall \"Elias Sydall\"), Lynch was appointed [Dean of Canterbury](/wiki/Dean_of_Canterbury \"Dean of Canterbury\").[ACAD: A Cambridge Alumni Database](http://www.rabancourt.co.uk/ACAD/index.html) He was criticised in his lifetime as a notorious pluralist. An anonymous satirical pamphlet (The Life of Dean L\\-\\-\\-nch, 1748\\) was published attacking him. In exoneration, H.J. Todd in his Some account of the deans of Canterbury (1793\\) comments: \"Large as his Income may appear, yet his expenses were equal to his revenues. On his Prebendal and Deanery Houses he had expended no less than £3000\\. And his private charities were known to equal his public spirit\".H.J. Todd, Some account of the deans of Canterbury, Canterbury, 1793, p. 216 Todd notes also that Lynch had been an early supporter of the Society for the Support of the Widows and Orphans of the Clergy.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Deans of Canterbury](/wiki/Category:Deans_of_Canterbury \"Deans of Canterbury\")\n[Category:1697 births](/wiki/Category:1697_births \"1697 births\")\n[Category:1760 deaths](/wiki/Category:1760_deaths \"1760 deaths\")\n[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge](/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge \"Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge\")\n[Category:People from Dover District](/wiki/Category:People_from_Dover_District \"People from Dover District\")\n\n" ] }
Northwood Congregational Church	{ "id": [ 753665 ], "name": [ "Ser Amantio di Nicolao" ] }	cxwvaf18hfcv6dxha8gh3du7e1g45qn	2022-05-26T02:28:06Z	1,068,116,920	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Description and history", "See also", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe Northwood Congregational Church is a historic church at 881 1st New Hampshire Turnpike ([US 4](/wiki/U.S._Route_4 \"U.S. Route 4\")) in [Northwood, New Hampshire](/wiki/Northwood%2C_New_Hampshire \"Northwood, New Hampshire\"). The Greek Revival wood\\-frame building was built in 1840, and is one of the finest and least\\-altered Greek Revival churches in the state. The building was listed on the [National Register of Historic Places](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places \"National Register of Historic Places\") in 1979\\. The congregation is affiliated with the [United Church of Christ](/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ \"United Church of Christ\").\n\n", "Description and history\n-----------------------\n\nThe Northwood Congregational Church is located in the town center of Northwood, on the south side of US Route 4, just east of the [Coe\\-Brown Northwood Academy](/wiki/Coe-Brown_Northwood_Academy \"Coe-Brown Northwood Academy\"). It is a single\\-story wood\\-frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade is built to resemble a classical Greek temple front, with four fluted columns supporting a full triangular pediment, above a recessed entry. The tympanum of the pediment is flushboarded. The entry facade has two doorways, each flanked by pilasters which stand behind the columns of the facade. The church is topped by a three\\-stage tower with an 1888 bell.\n\nThe church was built in 1840, probably by Jonathan Tasker, a local builder. It was for many years a mainstay of the community, and one of its early pastors, Rev. Elliott Cogswell, was instrumental in establishing the Northwood Academy (now Coe\\-Brown Northwood Academy). Services were discontinued due to declining participation after [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"), and were revived in the 2000s.\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockingham County, New Hampshire](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rockingham_County%2C_New_Hampshire \"National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockingham County, New Hampshire\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Church website](http://www.northwoodcongregational.org/)\n\n[Category:United Church of Christ churches in New Hampshire](/wiki/Category:United_Church_of_Christ_churches_in_New_Hampshire \"United Church of Christ churches in New Hampshire\")\n[Category:Congregational churches in New Hampshire](/wiki/Category:Congregational_churches_in_New_Hampshire \"Congregational churches in New Hampshire\")\n[Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire](/wiki/Category:Churches_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_Hampshire \"Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire\")\n[Category:Churches completed in 1840](/wiki/Category:Churches_completed_in_1840 \"Churches completed in 1840\")\n[Category:19th\\-century United Church of Christ church buildings](/wiki/Category:19th-century_United_Church_of_Christ_church_buildings \"19th-century United Church of Christ church buildings\")\n[Category:Churches in Rockingham County, New Hampshire](/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Rockingham_County%2C_New_Hampshire \"Churches in Rockingham County, New Hampshire\")\n[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Rockingham County, New Hampshire](/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Rockingham_County%2C_New_Hampshire \"National Register of Historic Places in Rockingham County, New Hampshire\")\n[Category:Northwood, New Hampshire](/wiki/Category:Northwood%2C_New_Hampshire \"Northwood, New Hampshire\")\n\n" ] }
Ghost Lab	{ "id": [ 4441371 ], "name": [ "Aspects" ] }	j5h9tu97z4w3liag5ju8crjt02kv29s	2024-06-24T21:39:04Z	1,225,155,128	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Team members", "Production", "Equipment and techniques used", "Episodes", "Season 1 (2009)", "Season 2 (2010–11)" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Ghost Lab* is a weekly American [paranormal](/wiki/Paranormal_television \"Paranormal television\") television series that premiered on October 6, 2009, on the [Discovery Channel](/wiki/Discovery_Channel \"Discovery Channel\"). Produced by Paper Route Productions and Go Go Luckey Entertainment, the program is narrated by [Mike Rowe](/wiki/Mike_Rowe \"Mike Rowe\"). It follows [ghost\\-hunting](/wiki/Ghost-hunting \"Ghost-hunting\") brothers Brad and Barry Klinge, who founded Everyday Paranormal (EP) in October 2007\\.\n\nEveryday Paranormal is a [paranormal](/wiki/Paranormal \"Paranormal\") investigation team whose stated mission is to \"visit the most [haunted places in America](/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_States \"List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States\"), find evidence, and test new theories to probe the existence of the [afterlife](/wiki/Afterlife \"Afterlife\")\" using a [fringe\\-scientific](/wiki/Fringe_science \"Fringe science\") approach.\n\nIn addition to Brad and Barry, the team included members Steve Harris, Hector Cisneros, and Katie Burr. Other members included Jason Worden, Ashlee Lehman (Formerly Ashlee Hillhouse), and Steve Hock. Ghost Lab remains the name of EP's mobile [command center](/wiki/Command_center \"Command center\").\n\nOn October 14, 2009, Brad and Barry Klinge were interviewed on The Pat \\& Brian Show about the origins of Everyday Paranormal, current investigations, and equipment use. On October 30, 2009, [Larry King](/wiki/Larry_King \"Larry King\") interviewed the brothers via satellite on [CNN](/wiki/CNN \"CNN\")'s [Larry King Live](/wiki/Larry_King_Live \"Larry King Live\").\n\n", "Team members\n------------\n\nEveryday Paranormal (E.P.) founders and presidents Brad and Barry Klinge investigated alongside their \"on\\-air\" Ghost Lab team which included: Katie Burr (Investigator), Hector Cisneros (Investigator\\-season 1\\), Steve Harris (Tech Manager) Steve Hock (Ghost Lab Ops), and newest member Cory Lamey (Team Trainee).\n\nOther Everyday Paranormal members included: Ashlee Hillhouse (Investigator), Jason Worden (Investigator/Affiliate Ops Director), and Jenn Hitt (Website/PR Events).\n\n", "Production\n----------\n\n### Equipment and techniques used\n\nDuring investigations, the team used various investigation equipment, including [thermographic cameras](/wiki/Thermographic_camera \"Thermographic camera\"), [infrared](/wiki/Infrared \"Infrared\") cameras, digital [audio recorders](/wiki/Dictation_machine \"Dictation machine\"), [data loggers](/wiki/Data_logger \"Data logger\"), [EMF meters](/wiki/EMF_meter \"EMF meter\"), [laser thermometers](/wiki/Laser_thermometer \"Laser thermometer\"), [motion detectors](/wiki/Motion_detector \"Motion detector\"), and [EVP](/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomena \"Electronic voice phenomena\") recorders, as well as a mobile [command center](/wiki/Command_center \"Command center\") called the Ghost Lab, which featured interactive computer monitors, noise filtering audio programs, and various high tech gear. The team also used a variety of paranormal theories to test out some of their techniques during an investigation.\n\n", "### Equipment and techniques used\n\nDuring investigations, the team used various investigation equipment, including [thermographic cameras](/wiki/Thermographic_camera \"Thermographic camera\"), [infrared](/wiki/Infrared \"Infrared\") cameras, digital [audio recorders](/wiki/Dictation_machine \"Dictation machine\"), [data loggers](/wiki/Data_logger \"Data logger\"), [EMF meters](/wiki/EMF_meter \"EMF meter\"), [laser thermometers](/wiki/Laser_thermometer \"Laser thermometer\"), [motion detectors](/wiki/Motion_detector \"Motion detector\"), and [EVP](/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomena \"Electronic voice phenomena\") recorders, as well as a mobile [command center](/wiki/Command_center \"Command center\") called the Ghost Lab, which featured interactive computer monitors, noise filtering audio programs, and various high tech gear. The team also used a variety of paranormal theories to test out some of their techniques during an investigation.\n\n", "Episodes\n--------\n\n### Season 1 (2009\\)\n\n### Season 2 (2010–11\\)\n\nOn March 25, 2010, the Klinge Brothers announced through a [YouTube](/wiki/YouTube \"YouTube\") video that Ghost Lab will return for a second season consisting of 13 episodes. Season 2 premiered on Tuesday, October 19, 2010\\.\n\nSeason two aired on Saturday at 2 a.m. EST on the Discovery Channel. Reruns of both seasons air weekday nights on the [Science Channel](/wiki/Science_Channel \"Science Channel\").\n\nRelease\n-------\n\n### Broadcast\n\nGhost Lab originally aired on the [Discovery Channel](/wiki/Discovery_Channel \"Discovery Channel\") Thursday nights at 10:00 p.m. until it was moved to Friday late\\-nights/Saturday early\\-mornings due to low viewer ratings. Each episode started out with a text stating: \"The Klinge brothers are investigating...\" with Brad and Barry conducting a \"head\\-cam\" walkthrough around reportedly [haunted locations](/wiki/Haunted_locations \"Haunted locations\") before they continued with the whole team investigation.\n\nIn 2010, Ghost Lab was canceled after the conclusion of its second season.\n\n### Home video\n\nGhost Lab appears on the compilation DVD entitled Paranormal: Haunts and Horrors. This DVD is produced by the Discovery Channel. The episode is \"If Walls Could Talk\" (S1\\-E13\\), in which the Klinge Brothers investigated the Lemp Mansion; it is the first episode on this DVD.\n\nThe Discovery Channel also released two more DVD titles: Ghost Lab: Volume 1, which features the first three episodes of Season 1 (\"Disturbing the Peace\", \"Tombstone\", and \"Smell of Fear\"), and Ghost Lab: Pursuit Of The Paranormal, which features more episodes from Season 1\\.\n\nSee also\n--------\n\n[List of ghost films](/wiki/List_of_ghost_films \"List of ghost films\")\n[List of reportedly haunted locations in the world](/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_world \"List of reportedly haunted locations in the world\")\nReferences\n----------\n\nExternal links\n--------------\n\n of * + - Ghost Lab''\n* of Everyday Paranormal\n[Category:Discovery Channel original programming](/wiki/Category:Discovery_Channel_original_programming \"Discovery Channel original programming\")\n[Category:Paranormal reality television series](/wiki/Category:Paranormal_reality_television_series \"Paranormal reality television series\")\n[Category:2000s American reality television series](/wiki/Category:2000s_American_reality_television_series \"2000s American reality television series\")\n[Category:2010s American reality television series](/wiki/Category:2010s_American_reality_television_series \"2010s American reality television series\")\n[Category:2009 American television series debuts](/wiki/Category:2009_American_television_series_debuts \"2009 American television series debuts\")\n[Category:2011 American television series endings](/wiki/Category:2011_American_television_series_endings \"2011 American television series endings\")\n\n", "### Season 1 (2009\\)\n\n", "### Season 2 (2010–11\\)\n\nOn March 25, 2010, the Klinge Brothers announced through a [YouTube](/wiki/YouTube \"YouTube\") video that Ghost Lab will return for a second season consisting of 13 episodes. Season 2 premiered on Tuesday, October 19, 2010\\.\n\nSeason two aired on Saturday at 2 a.m. EST on the Discovery Channel. Reruns of both seasons air weekday nights on the [Science Channel](/wiki/Science_Channel \"Science Channel\").\n\nRelease\n-------\n\n### Broadcast\n\nGhost Lab originally aired on the [Discovery Channel](/wiki/Discovery_Channel \"Discovery Channel\") Thursday nights at 10:00 p.m. until it was moved to Friday late\\-nights/Saturday early\\-mornings due to low viewer ratings. Each episode started out with a text stating: \"The Klinge brothers are investigating...\" with Brad and Barry conducting a \"head\\-cam\" walkthrough around reportedly [haunted locations](/wiki/Haunted_locations \"Haunted locations\") before they continued with the whole team investigation.\n\nIn 2010, Ghost Lab was canceled after the conclusion of its second season.\n\n### Home video\n\nGhost Lab appears on the compilation DVD entitled Paranormal: Haunts and Horrors. This DVD is produced by the Discovery Channel. The episode is \"If Walls Could Talk\" (S1\\-E13\\), in which the Klinge Brothers investigated the Lemp Mansion; it is the first episode on this DVD.\n\nThe Discovery Channel also released two more DVD titles: Ghost Lab: Volume 1, which features the first three episodes of Season 1 (\"Disturbing the Peace\", \"Tombstone\", and \"Smell of Fear\"), and Ghost Lab: Pursuit Of The Paranormal, which features more episodes from Season 1\\.\n\nSee also\n--------\n\n[List of ghost films](/wiki/List_of_ghost_films \"List of ghost films\")\n[List of reportedly haunted locations in the world](/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_world \"List of reportedly haunted locations in the world\")\nReferences\n----------\n\nExternal links\n--------------\n\n of * + - Ghost Lab''\n* of Everyday Paranormal\n[Category:Discovery Channel original programming](/wiki/Category:Discovery_Channel_original_programming \"Discovery Channel original programming\")\n[Category:Paranormal reality television series](/wiki/Category:Paranormal_reality_television_series \"Paranormal reality television series\")\n[Category:2000s American reality television series](/wiki/Category:2000s_American_reality_television_series \"2000s American reality television series\")\n[Category:2010s American reality television series](/wiki/Category:2010s_American_reality_television_series \"2010s American reality television series\")\n[Category:2009 American television series debuts](/wiki/Category:2009_American_television_series_debuts \"2009 American television series debuts\")\n[Category:2011 American television series endings](/wiki/Category:2011_American_television_series_endings \"2011 American television series endings\")\n\n" ] }
Gregory Ngaji	{ "id": [ 7903804 ], "name": [ "Citation bot" ] }	g399bbj88crc5xrk13h5x9n4cxybt64	2024-02-12T09:40:03Z	1,136,416,867	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Background", "Senate career", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nGregory Ngaji is a [Nigerian](/wiki/Nigerian_people \"Nigerian people\") politician who served as a member of the national senate for the Cross River North constituency of [Cross River State](/wiki/Cross_River_State \"Cross River State\") between 2003 and 2011\\.\n\n", "Background\n----------\n\nGregory Ngaji was born on 17 November 1946\\. He attended Mary Knoll College, [Okuku](/wiki/Okuku%2C_Cross_River_State \"Okuku, Cross River State\"), [Yala](/wiki/Yala%2C_Nigeria \"Yala, Nigeria\"), Cross Rivers State, 1961–1965, obtained an LL.B, from the [University of Nigeria](/wiki/University_of_Nigeria \"University of Nigeria\"), [Nsukka](/wiki/Nsukka \"Nsukka\"), in 1977, and obtained a BL from the [Nigerian Law School](/wiki/Nigerian_Law_School \"Nigerian Law School\") in 1978\\. Before being elected to the Senate, he was Chairman of the [Yala](/wiki/Yala%2C_Nigeria \"Yala, Nigeria\") Local Government Area, and he served as a member of the Constitutional Conference (1994–1995\\).\n\n", "Senate career\n-------------\n\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|200px\\\|[Cross River State](/wiki/Cross_River_State \"Cross River State\") in [Nigeria](/wiki/Nigeria \"Nigeria\")](/wiki/image:NigeriaCrossRiver.png \"NigeriaCrossRiver.png\")\nRunning as a [People's Democratic Party](/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Party_%28Nigeria%29 \"People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)\") (PDP) candidate, Gregory Ngaji was elected as senator in the 5th (2003–2007\\) National Assembly representing Cross River North Senatorial District, and was reelected in April 2007\\. He serves on committees on Water Resources, Science \\& Technology, Marine Transport, Drugs Narcotics Anti Corruption and Agriculture\n\nHe was a member of the senate panel who screened Mrs [Farida Waziri](/wiki/Farida_Waziri \"Farida Waziri\") in June 2008 for the position as chairman of the [Economic and Financial Crimes Commission](/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Crimes_Commission \"Economic and Financial Crimes Commission\") (EFCC).\nIn April 2009, he was one of the sponsors of a bill for establishment of Nigerian Transport Commission to replace the Nigeria Shippers Council. \nIn a mid\\-term assessment of Nigerian Senators published by This Day, the newspaper noted that Ngaji sponsored the National Space Research and Development Agency Bill, 2008, and was very active in committee assignments, even though not as much in plenary.\n\nIn 2008 the National Boundary Commission and the Revenue Allocation Mobilisation and Fiscal Committee transferred control of various oil wells in the Sea of [Bakassi](/wiki/Bakassi \"Bakassi\") from Cross River State to [Akwa Ibom State](/wiki/Akwa_Ibom_State \"Akwa Ibom State\"). In July 2009, Gregory Ngaji declared: “What those two agencies have done is illegal and we will do everything to get our oil wells back.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:People from Cross River State](/wiki/Category:People_from_Cross_River_State \"People from Cross River State\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:1946 births](/wiki/Category:1946_births \"1946 births\")\n[Category:Peoples Democratic Party members of the Senate (Nigeria)](/wiki/Category:Peoples_Democratic_Party_members_of_the_Senate_%28Nigeria%29 \"Peoples Democratic Party members of the Senate (Nigeria)\")\n[Category:University of Nigeria alumni](/wiki/Category:University_of_Nigeria_alumni \"University of Nigeria alumni\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Nigerian politicians](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Nigerian_politicians \"21st-century Nigerian politicians\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
CDMA spectral efficiency	{ "id": [ 28438779 ], "name": [ "CoolieCoolster" ] }	0tqr4fa2bgx1mmpwc3ylo1ivks3yxk4	2024-04-26T02:02:43Z	1,162,848,070	{ "title": [ "CDMA spectral efficiency", "CDMA based standards", "Introduction to radio resource management", "Quasi-linear interference cancellation (QLIC)", "1/8 rate gating on R-FCH (reverse fundamental channel)", "Radio configuration", "Quasi-orthogonal functions (QOF)", "6 sectorization", "Antenna diversity", "4th generation vocoder (4GV)", "Network optimization", "Ec/Io optimization", "Forward and reverse link imbalance", "Excessive soft handoff areas", "Improper RF parameters settings", "Use repeaters for low utilized sectors", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "CDMA spectral efficiency refers to the [system spectral efficiency](/wiki/System_spectral_efficiency \"System spectral efficiency\") in bit/s/Hz/site or [Erlang](/wiki/Erlang_%28unit%29 \"Erlang (unit)\")/MHz/site that can be achieved in a certain [CDMA](/wiki/CDMA \"CDMA\") based wireless communication system. CDMA techniques (also known as [spread spectrum](/wiki/Spread_spectrum \"Spread spectrum\")) are characterized by a very low [link spectral efficiency](/wiki/Link_spectral_efficiency \"Link spectral efficiency\") in (bit/s)/Hz as compared to non\\-spread spectrum systems, but a comparable system spectral efficiency.\n\nThe system spectral efficiency can be improved by [radio resource management](/wiki/Radio_resource_management \"Radio resource management\") techniques, resulting in that a higher number of simultaneous calls and higher data rates can be achieved without adding more radio spectrum or more base station sites. This article is about radio resource management specifically for [direct\\-sequence spread spectrum](/wiki/Direct-sequence_spread_spectrum \"Direct-sequence spread spectrum\") (DS\\-CDMA) based cellular systems.\n\n", "CDMA based standards\n--------------------\n\nExamples of DS\\-CDMA based cellular systems are:\n* the [3GPP](/wiki/3GPP \"3GPP\")/[UMTS](/wiki/UMTS \"UMTS\") [3G](/wiki/3G \"3G\") radio interfaces [WCDMA](/wiki/WCDMA \"WCDMA\"), [HSDPA](/wiki/HSDPA \"HSDPA\") and [HSUPA](/wiki/HSUPA \"HSUPA\") used globally.\n* the [3GPP2](/wiki/3GPP2 \"3GPP2\") [2G](/wiki/2G \"2G\") standard [cdmaOne](/wiki/CdmaOne \"CdmaOne\") (IS\\-95\\) and [3G](/wiki/3G \"3G\") standards [CDMA2000 1x](/wiki/CDMA2000_1x \"CDMA2000 1x\") and [1xEV\\-DO](/wiki/EV-DO \"EV-DO\"), used especially in the U.S. and South Korea\n* the Chinese [TD\\-SCDMA](/wiki/TD-SCDMA \"TD-SCDMA\") system.\n\nThe terminology used in this article is firstly based on 3GPP2 standards.\n\nCDMA is not expected to be used in [4G](/wiki/4G \"4G\") systems, and is not used in pre\\-4G systems such as [LTE](/wiki/3GPP_long_term_evolution \"3GPP long term evolution\") and [WiMAX](/wiki/WiMAX \"WiMAX\"), but is about to be supplemented by more spectral efficient [frequency\\-domain equalization](/wiki/Frequency-domain_equalization \"Frequency-domain equalization\") (FDE) techniques such as [OFDMA](/wiki/OFDMA \"OFDMA\").\n\n", "Introduction to radio resource management\n-----------------------------------------\n\nThe aim of improving system spectral efficiency is to use limited radio spectrum resources and radio network infrastructure as efficiently as possible. The objective of [radio\\-resource management](/wiki/Radio-resource_management \"Radio-resource management\") is typically to maximize the system spectral efficiency under constraint that the [grade of service](/wiki/Grade_of_service \"Grade of service\") should be above a certain level. This involves covering a certain area and avoiding [outage](/wiki/Power_outage \"Power outage\") due to [co\\-channel interference](/wiki/Co-channel_interference \"Co-channel interference\"), [noise](/wiki/Noise \"Noise\"), attenuation caused by long distances, [fading](/wiki/Fading \"Fading\") caused by shadowing and [multipath](/wiki/Multipath_interference \"Multipath interference\"), [Doppler shift](/wiki/Doppler_shift \"Doppler shift\") and other forms of [distortion](/wiki/Distortion \"Distortion\"). The grade of service is also affected by [blocking](/wiki/Blocking_probability \"Blocking probability\") due to [admission control](/wiki/Admission_control \"Admission control\"), [scheduling starvation](/wiki/Scheduling_starvation \"Scheduling starvation\") or inability to guarantee [quality of service](/wiki/Quality_of_service \"Quality of service\") that is requested by the users.\n\nThere are many ways of increasing system spectral efficiency. These include techniques to be implemented at the handset level or at the network level. They include network optimization and vocoder rate encapsulation. Issues faced while deploying these techniques are the cost, upgrade requirements, hardware and software changes (which includes cell phone compatibility corresponding to the changes) to be made and the agreements to be approved from the telecommunication department.\n\n", "Quasi\\-linear interference cancellation (QLIC)\n----------------------------------------------\n\nDue to its large transmission power, the [Common pilot channel](/wiki/Common_pilot_channel \"Common pilot channel\") (CPICH) probably consumes 15 to 20 percentage of the forward as well as the reverse link capacity. [Co\\-channel interference](/wiki/Co-channel_interference \"Co-channel interference\") is obvious. It is hence important to initialize [interference cancellation](/wiki/Single_antenna_interference_cancellation \"Single antenna interference cancellation\") techniques such as pilot interference cancellation (PIC) and forward link interference cancellation (FLIC) together in the network. Quasi\\-linear interference cancellation (QLIC) is a technique used for both FLIC and PIC.\n\nAlong with the forward link, reverse link interference cancellation is also important. Interference will be reduced and the mobiles will have to transmit less power to get the [line of sight](/wiki/Line-of-sight_propagation \"Line-of-sight propagation\") with the base station which will in turn increase the battery life of the mobile.\n\n", "1/8 rate gating on R\\-FCH (reverse fundamental channel)\n-------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe 1/8 rate [gating](/wiki/Gating_%28telecommunication%29 \"Gating (telecommunication)\") on the [reverse fundamental channel](/wiki/Reverse_fundamental_channel \"Reverse fundamental channel\") (R\\-FCH) is the method used for gated transmission in a CDMA communication system. A mobile station ([mobile phone](/wiki/Mobile_phone \"Mobile phone\")) in the CDMA communication system transmits a reverse pilot signal at a reverse gating rate which is different from a forward gating rate in a [gated mode](/wiki/Gated_mode \"Gated mode\"), and a base station transmits a forward pilot signal at the forward gating rate different from the forward gating rate in a gated mode.\n\nWhen the [duty cycle](/wiki/Duty_cycle \"Duty cycle\") is 1/8, only 1/8 of the whole [power control](/wiki/Power_control \"Power control\") groups in one frame are transmitted. This behavior is not present in any other CDMA modes.\n\nAnother CDMA invention to provide a device and technique for improving a downlink phone capacity and receiving performance by gating an uplink DPCCH signal in a partial period of the [power control](/wiki/Power_control \"Power control\") group in a mobile communication system. The test set's support for the R\\-FCH gating mode is disabled (off) by default.\n\nIf the test set's R\\-FCH gating mode is enabled (on) and the [mobile station](/wiki/Mobile_station \"Mobile station\") (MS) supports the gating mode, the MS will gate the R\\-FCH/R\\-Pilot Channel when transmitting at 1/8 rate. This will save around 75% of the power on an average on reverse channels.\n\n", "Radio configuration\n-------------------\n\n\| \\+ Radio Configuration Table for [TIA/EIA\\-98\\-E](/wiki/TIA/EIA-98-E \"TIA/EIA-98-E\") and [C.S0002\\-A](/wiki/C.S0002-A \"C.S0002-A\") standards \| Radio Config \| Programmingmnemonic \| C.S0002\\-A Standard \| \| Test Mode inTIA/EIA\\-98\\-E \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| Forward Traffic ChannelRadio Configuration \| Reverse Traffic ChannelRadio Configuration \|\n\| (Fwd1, Rvs1\\) \| F1R1 \| RC1 \| RC1 \| 1 \|\n\| (Fwd2, Rvs2\\) \| F2R2 \| RC2 \| RC2 \| 2 \|\n\| (Fwd3, Rvs3\\) \| F3R3 \| RC3 \| RC3 \| 3 \|\n\| (Fwd4, Rvs3\\) \| F4R3 \| RC4 \| RC3 \| 4 \|\n\| (Fwd5, Rvs4\\) \| F5R4 \| RC5 \| RC4 \| 5 \|\n\nThe CDMA radio configuration is defined as a combination of forward and reverse traffic channel transmission formats that are characterized by physical layer parameters such as data rates, [error\\-correction codes](/wiki/Error-correction_code \"Error-correction code\"), [modulation](/wiki/Modulation \"Modulation\") characteristics, and [spreading factors](/wiki/Spreading_factor \"Spreading factor\"). The traffic channel may consist of one or more code channels such as fundamental channels and supplemental channels.\n\n", "Quasi\\-orthogonal functions (QOF)\n---------------------------------\n\nThe forward link of a 3G code\\-division multiple\\-access (CDMA) system may become a limiting factor when the number of users increases maximal capacity.\n\nThe conventional channelization code, [Walsh code](/wiki/Walsh_code \"Walsh code\") does not have enough available bits to cope with maximal use. Therefore, the quasi\\-orthogonal function (QOF), which can process optimal cross\\-correlation with Walsh code has been used as a method to get around the limitations of the Walsh Codes.\n\nTo enhance the overall capacity in such scenarios, alternative sets of orthogonal functions called the quasi\\-orthogonal functions (QOF), which possess optimal [minimax](/wiki/Minimax \"Minimax\") cross correlation with Walsh code sets of variable length, have been incorporated in [IS\\-2000](/wiki/IS-2000 \"IS-2000\").\n\nThis method uses aggregation of multiple quasi\\-orthogonal functions with a smaller constellation alphabet size for a single user with a joint multi\\-channel detector. This method is compared with the alternative method for enhancing the maximum throughput using aggregation of a smaller number of Walsh functions, but with a higher constellation alphabet size (multi\\-level modulation).\n\nThere have been many industrial and academic discussions on the trade\\-offs with respect to better methods for increasing capacity in IS\\-2000/3G systems. QOF introduces high amount of interference in the network channels, thus limiting its benefits.\n\n", "6 sectorization\n---------------\n\n[thumb\\\|200px\\\|left\\\|6 sector site in CDMA](/wiki/Image:6_sector_site_in_CDMA.jpg \"6 sector site in CDMA.jpg\")\nThere are some places where the utilization of the site is very high and excess softer [handoffs](/wiki/Handoff \"Handoff\") occur. For such sites, a 6\\-[sector antenna](/wiki/Sector_antenna \"Sector antenna\") is one of the solutions, as it provides greater coverage granularity than the traditional 3\\-sector antenna. Instead of 1 BTS, 2 BTS are used and hence the antennas can be separated from each other by 60 degrees instead of 120 degrees.\n\n", "Antenna diversity\n-----------------\n\n[Antenna diversity](/wiki/Antenna_diversity \"Antenna diversity\"), also known as [space diversity](/wiki/Space_diversity \"Space diversity\") (micro\\-diversity as well as macro\\-diversity, i.e. [soft handover](/wiki/Soft_handover \"Soft handover\"), see below), is any one of several wireless diversity schemes that use two or more antennas to improve the quality and reliability of a wireless link.\n\nOften, especially in urban and indoor environments, there is not a clear line\\-of\\-sight (LOS) between transmitter and receiver. Instead the signal is reflected along multiple paths before finally being received. Each of these bounces can introduce phase shifts, time delays, attenuations, and even distortions that can destructively interfere with one another at the aperture of the receiving antenna.\n\nAntenna diversity is especially effective at mitigating these multipath propagation situations. This is because multiple antennas afford a receiver several observations of the same signal. Each antenna will experience a different interference environment. Thus, if one antenna is experiencing a deep fade, it is likely that another has a sufficient signal.\n\nCollectively such a system can provide a robust link. While this is primarily seen in receiving systems (diversity reception), the analog has also proven valuable for transmitting systems (transmit diversity) as well.\n\nInherently an antenna diversity scheme requires additional hardware and integration versus a single antenna system but due to the commonality of the signal paths a fair amount of circuitry can be shared.\n\nWith multiple signals there is a greater processing demand placed on the receiver, which can lead to tighter design requirements of the base station. Typically, however, signal reliability is paramount and using multiple antennas is an effective way to decrease the number of drop\\-outs and lost connections.\n\n", "4th generation vocoder (4GV)\n----------------------------\n\nQualcomm's [fourth generation vocoder](/wiki/Fourth_generation_vocoder \"Fourth generation vocoder\") (4GV) is a suite of voice speech codecs expected to be used in future 4G networks as well CDMA networks, that allows the network operators to dynamically prioritize voice quality to increase network capacity while maintaining voice quality. Currently, the 4GV suite offers [EVRC\\-B](/wiki/EVRC-B \"EVRC-B\") and [EVRC\\-WB](/wiki/EVRC-WB \"EVRC-WB\").\n\nEnhanced Variable Rate Codec B ([EVRC\\-B](/wiki/EVRC-B \"EVRC-B\")) is a speech codec used by CDMA networks. EVRC\\-B is an enhancement to EVRC and compresses each 20 milliseconds of 8000 Hz, 16\\-bit sampled speech input into output frames of one of the four different sizes: Rate 1 \\- 171 bits, Rate 1/2 \\- 80 bits, Rate 1/4 \\- 40 bits, Rate 1/8 \\- 16 bits.\n\nIn addition, there are two zero bit codec frame types: null frames and erasure frames, similar to EVRC. One significant enhancement in EVRC\\-B is the use of 1/4 rate frames that were not used in EVRC. This provides lower average data rates (ADRs) compared to EVRC, for a given voice quality. The new 4GV Codecs used in CDMA2000 are based on EVRC\\-B. 4GV is designed to allow service providers to dynamically prioritize voice capacity on their network as required.\n\nThe [Enhanced Variable Rate Codec](/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec \"Enhanced Variable Rate Codec\") (EVRC) is a speech codec used for cellular telephony in cdma2000 systems. EVRC provides excellent speech quality using variable rate coding with 3 possible rates, 8\\.55, 4\\.0 and 0\\.8 kbit/s. However, the [Quality of Service](/wiki/Mobile_QoS \"Mobile QoS\") (QoS) in cdma2000 systems can significantly benefit from a codec which allows tradeoffs between voice quality and network capacity, which cannot be achieved efficiently with the EVRC.\n\n", "Network optimization\n--------------------\n\n### Ec/Io optimization\n\nHigher combined Ec/Io, lower traffic channel Ec/Io is required and more BTS power is conserved. [Ec/Io](/wiki/Eb/No \"Eb/No\") is a notation used to represent a dimensionless ratio of the average power of a channel, typically the pilot channel, to the total signal power. It is expressed in dB.\n\n### Forward and reverse link imbalance\n\nThere are some remote places where BTS signal penetrates but reverse link of mobile cannot reach back to the base station. Solution is like reducing base station antenna height, down tilt, select lower gains, etc.\n\n### Excessive soft handoff areas\n\nThere are some areas with more [soft handoff](/wiki/Soft_handoff \"Soft handoff\") than necessary. The handoff parameters has to be reduced to save the base station power. Set higher values of T\\_ADD and T\\_DROP, and check the sector coverage should not be too high or too low.\n\n### Improper RF parameters settings\n\nFor best quality decrease the [FPCH](/wiki/FPCH \"FPCH\") (Forward Pilot Channel) and FER (Frame Error Rate) settings to 1% and for increase the capacity of highly loaded sites, increase the settings of these parameters to more than 3%.\n\n### Use repeaters for low utilized sectors\n\nSome sites have very low utilization and due to coverage issue, a new site is required in nearby areas. Instead of a new site, a [Cellular repeater](/wiki/Cellular_repeater \"Cellular repeater\") can be used effectively to provide coverage solutions.\n\n", "### Ec/Io optimization\n\nHigher combined Ec/Io, lower traffic channel Ec/Io is required and more BTS power is conserved. [Ec/Io](/wiki/Eb/No \"Eb/No\") is a notation used to represent a dimensionless ratio of the average power of a channel, typically the pilot channel, to the total signal power. It is expressed in dB.\n\n", "### Forward and reverse link imbalance\n\nThere are some remote places where BTS signal penetrates but reverse link of mobile cannot reach back to the base station. Solution is like reducing base station antenna height, down tilt, select lower gains, etc.\n\n", "### Excessive soft handoff areas\n\nThere are some areas with more [soft handoff](/wiki/Soft_handoff \"Soft handoff\") than necessary. The handoff parameters has to be reduced to save the base station power. Set higher values of T\\_ADD and T\\_DROP, and check the sector coverage should not be too high or too low.\n\n", "### Improper RF parameters settings\n\nFor best quality decrease the [FPCH](/wiki/FPCH \"FPCH\") (Forward Pilot Channel) and FER (Frame Error Rate) settings to 1% and for increase the capacity of highly loaded sites, increase the settings of these parameters to more than 3%.\n\n", "### Use repeaters for low utilized sectors\n\nSome sites have very low utilization and due to coverage issue, a new site is required in nearby areas. Instead of a new site, a [Cellular repeater](/wiki/Cellular_repeater \"Cellular repeater\") can be used effectively to provide coverage solutions.\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Frequency reuse](/wiki/Frequency_reuse \"Frequency reuse\")\n* [List of CDMA terminology](/wiki/List_of_CDMA_terminology \"List of CDMA terminology\")\n* [Mobility management](/wiki/Mobility_management \"Mobility management\")\n* [Near–far problem](/wiki/Near%E2%80%93far_problem \"Near–far problem\")\n* [Pseudorandom noise](/wiki/Pseudorandom_noise \"Pseudorandom noise\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n* <http://www.qualcomm.com/>\n* [http://www.princeton.edu/\\~verdu/reprints/Zaidel.Aug%2001\\.pdf](http://www.princeton.edu/~verdu/reprints/Zaidel.Aug%2001.pdf)\n\n[Category:Code division multiple access](/wiki/Category:Code_division_multiple_access \"Code division multiple access\")\n[Category:Radio resource management](/wiki/Category:Radio_resource_management \"Radio resource management\")\n\n" ] }
William Oakley (Medal of Honor)	{ "id": [ 753665 ], "name": [ "Ser Amantio di Nicolao" ] }	in12s8wsmx853pnudnb9084p6hfl4fx	2024-08-13T05:52:06Z	1,219,254,018	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Biography", "Medal of Honor citation", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n[thumb\\\|William Oakley's headstone erected in 2018](/wiki/File:US_headstone_for_William_Oakley.jpg \"US headstone for William Oakley.jpg\")\n\nWilliam Oakley (31 August 1857 – 22 November 1918\\) was a gunner's mate second class serving in the [United States Navy](/wiki/United_States_Navy \"United States Navy\") during the [Spanish–American War](/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War \"Spanish–American War\") who received the [Medal of Honor](/wiki/Medal_of_Honor \"Medal of Honor\") for bravery.\n\n", "Biography\n---------\n\nOakley was born on 31 August 1857 at 5 Hanover Street, [Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen \"Aberdeen\"), [Scotland](/wiki/Scotland \"Scotland\"), and emigrated to the [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\") in April 1880\\. He enlisted in the Navy at [Boston](/wiki/Boston \"Boston\") in November 1880\"United States Naval Enlistment Rendezvous, 1855\\-1891,\" database with images, FamilySearch ([https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XG9T\\-J28](https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XG9T-J28) : 5 December 2014\\) and was sent to fight in the Spanish–American War aboard the [U.S.S. Marblehead](/wiki/USS_Marblehead_%28C-11%29 \"USS Marblehead (C-11)\") as a gunner's mate second class. He was later promoted to gunner's mate first class.\n\nHe returned to England after 1911 as a US Navy pensioner and died 22 November 1918 in Wivenhoe, Essex, England. He was buried in the Old Cemetery (grave reference: section B\\-2\\-65\\).\n\nIn 2018 the US government erected a headstone at his grave which had previously been unmarked.\n\n", "Medal of Honor citation\n-----------------------\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Spanish–American War](/wiki/List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War \"List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Spanish–American War\")\n* [List of foreign\\-born Medal of Honor recipients](/wiki/List_of_foreign-born_Medal_of_Honor_recipients \"List of foreign-born Medal of Honor recipients\")\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:1857 births](/wiki/Category:1857_births \"1857 births\")\n[Category:1918 deaths](/wiki/Category:1918_deaths \"1918 deaths\")\n[Category:Scottish\\-born Medal of Honor recipients](/wiki/Category:Scottish-born_Medal_of_Honor_recipients \"Scottish-born Medal of Honor recipients\")\n[Category:Scottish emigrants to the United States](/wiki/Category:Scottish_emigrants_to_the_United_States \"Scottish emigrants to the United States\")\n[Category:Military personnel from Colchester](/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_Colchester \"Military personnel from Colchester\")\n[Category:Military personnel from New York (state)](/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_New_York_%28state%29 \"Military personnel from New York (state)\")\n[Category:Spanish–American War recipients of the Medal of Honor](/wiki/Category:Spanish%E2%80%93American_War_recipients_of_the_Medal_of_Honor \"Spanish–American War recipients of the Medal of Honor\")\n[Category:United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients](/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy_Medal_of_Honor_recipients \"United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients\")\n[Category:United States Navy sailors](/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy_sailors \"United States Navy sailors\")\n[Category:Burials in Essex](/wiki/Category:Burials_in_Essex \"Burials in Essex\")\n[Category:Military personnel from Aberdeen](/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_Aberdeen \"Military personnel from Aberdeen\")\n\n" ] }
May the Bird of Paradise Fly up Your Nose	{ "id": [ 12294325 ], "name": [ "PatConolly" ] }	0r5rift677p51zphkajxgktdp6t8z41	2022-12-14T04:03:08Z	1,087,339,086	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Content", "Chart performance", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\"May the Bird of Paradise Fly up Your Nose\" is a 1965 [novelty song](/wiki/Novelty_song \"Novelty song\") performed by [Little Jimmy Dickens](/wiki/Little_Jimmy_Dickens \"Little Jimmy Dickens\"). It was Dickens' most successful single on the U.S. country music chart. It spent two weeks at No. 1 that November, and stayed on the chart for a total of 18 weeks. On the overall [Billboard Hot 100](/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100 \"Billboard Hot 100\") the song peaked at No. 15\\. It was his only Top 40 hit on the latter chart.\n\nThe song, written by Neal Merritt, was inspired by one of the many comic putdowns uttered by host [Johnny Carson](/wiki/Johnny_Carson \"Johnny Carson\") on [The Tonight Show](/wiki/The_Tonight_Show \"The Tonight Show\").\n\n", "Content\n-------\n\nThe song features three verses, each of which mentions an incident where Dickens (the narrator) acts in a cheap and/or rude manner that insults the other person:\n* In the first verse, Dickens sees a beggar and proceeds to give him only a penny.\n* In the second verse, Dickens gets a call from his laundryman, who returns $100 that Dickens left in his clothes. Dickens gives him 10 cents, to compensate him for the phone call.\n* In the final verse, Dickens asks a cabdriver to rush so he can catch a train; the driver is ticketed for speeding, while Dickens stands by, waiting for the change from his fare.\nThe chorus is an insult, said back to Dickens, for his cheapness.\n\nThe distinctive guitar work was done by [Grady Martin](/wiki/Grady_Martin \"Grady Martin\"), using the brand new [Echoplex](/wiki/Echoplex \"Echoplex\") unit which had just been released.\n\n", "Chart performance\n-----------------\n\n\|Chart (1965\\)\n\nPeak \nposition\n\n\| U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles \|1\n\n\| U.S. Billboard Hot 100 \|15\n\n\| U.S. Billboard Easy Listening \|8\n\n\| Canadian RPM Top Singles \|4\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Songs about birds](/wiki/Category:Songs_about_birds \"Songs about birds\")\n[Category:1965 singles](/wiki/Category:1965_singles \"1965 singles\")\n[Category:Little Jimmy Dickens songs](/wiki/Category:Little_Jimmy_Dickens_songs \"Little Jimmy Dickens songs\")\n[Category:Novelty songs](/wiki/Category:Novelty_songs \"Novelty songs\")\n[Category:1965 songs](/wiki/Category:1965_songs \"1965 songs\")\n[Category:Columbia Records singles](/wiki/Category:Columbia_Records_singles \"Columbia Records singles\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Peter M. Neal	{ "id": [ 29117710 ], "name": [ "Reunion" ] }	9vlcafwt68pcmqooceubji9wzgxoowr	2023-10-24T05:54:54Z	1,128,594,657	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "See also", "Notes" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nPeter Morrell Neal (September 21, 1811 – April 13, 1908\\) was a [Massachusetts](/wiki/Massachusetts \"Massachusetts\") politician who served in both branches of the Massachusetts legislature and was the tenth [Mayor](/wiki/Mayor_of_Lynn%2C_Massachusetts \"Mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts\") of [Lynn, Massachusetts](/wiki/Lynn%2C_Massachusetts \"Lynn, Massachusetts\").\n\nNeal was the grandfather of Lynn's thirty\\-first [mayor](/wiki/Mayor_of_Lynn%2C_Massachusetts \"Mayor of Lynn, Massachusetts\"), [Charles Neal Barney](/wiki/Charles_Neal_Barney \"Charles Neal Barney\").\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [1876 Massachusetts legislature](/wiki/1876_Massachusetts_legislature \"1876 Massachusetts legislature\")\n", "Notes\n-----\n\n[Category:Mayors of Lynn, Massachusetts](/wiki/Category:Mayors_of_Lynn%2C_Massachusetts \"Mayors of Lynn, Massachusetts\")\n[Category:Republican Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives](/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_members_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives \"Republican Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives\")\n[Category:Republican Party Massachusetts state senators](/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_Massachusetts_state_senators \"Republican Party Massachusetts state senators\")\n[Category:Massachusetts Free Soilers](/wiki/Category:Massachusetts_Free_Soilers \"Massachusetts Free Soilers\")\n[Category:1811 births](/wiki/Category:1811_births \"1811 births\")\n[Category:1908 deaths](/wiki/Category:1908_deaths \"1908 deaths\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
T. silvestrii	{ "id": [ 2300502 ], "name": [ "R'n'B" ] }	5w26a4dch1knbyyb46yj15iwqwslnb2	2011-10-11T20:20:39Z	391,340,213	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "See also" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n*T. silvestrii* may refer to:\n* [Tapinoma silvestrii](/wiki/Tapinoma_silvestrii \"Tapinoma silvestrii\"), Wheeler, 1928, an ant species in the genus [Tapinoma](/wiki/Tapinoma \"Tapinoma\")\n* [Taracus silvestrii](/wiki/Taracus_silvestrii \"Taracus silvestrii\"), Roewer, 1930, a harvestman species in the genus [Taracus](/wiki/Taracus \"Taracus\") and the family [Sabaconidae](/wiki/Sabaconidae \"Sabaconidae\") living in caves in the United States\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Silvestrii (disambiguation)](/wiki/Silvestrii_%28disambiguation%29 \"Silvestrii (disambiguation)\")\n\n" ] }
Iraq national futsal team	{ "id": [ 27015025 ], "name": [ "InternetArchiveBot" ] }	gjmxuolpt6vixiytpq7md7febuw94sq	2024-09-13T10:15:49Z	1,221,997,349	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "History", "Team image", "Home stadium", "Recent results and fixtures", "Previous matches", "Coaching staff", "Players", "Current squad", "Previous squads", "Tournament records", "FIFA Futsal World Cup", "AFC Futsal Asian Cup", "Futsal at the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games", "WAFF Futsal Championship", "Arab Futsal Championship", "See also", "External links", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ " \n\n", "History\n-------\n\nOn 28 June 2022, Iraq lost the [2022 Arab Futsal Cup](/wiki/2022_Arab_Futsal_Cup \"2022 Arab Futsal Cup\") against [Morocco](/wiki/Morocco_national_futsal_team \"Morocco national futsal team\").\n\n", "Team image\n----------\n\n### Home stadium\n\nIraq plays the home games at the [Baghdad Gymnasium](/wiki/Baghdad_Gymnasium \"Baghdad Gymnasium\") with a capacity of 3,000 spectators. The complex was designed by the Swiss\\-French architect Charles\\-Édouard Jeanneret, commonly known as [Le Corbusier](/wiki/Le_Corbusier \"Le Corbusier\").\n[thumb\\\|200px\\\|left\\\|A view of Baghdad Gymnasium](/wiki/File:Gymnase_le_Corbusier.png \"Gymnase le Corbusier.png\")\n\n \n\n", "### Home stadium\n\nIraq plays the home games at the [Baghdad Gymnasium](/wiki/Baghdad_Gymnasium \"Baghdad Gymnasium\") with a capacity of 3,000 spectators. The complex was designed by the Swiss\\-French architect Charles\\-Édouard Jeanneret, commonly known as [Le Corbusier](/wiki/Le_Corbusier \"Le Corbusier\").\n[thumb\\\|200px\\\|left\\\|A view of Baghdad Gymnasium](/wiki/File:Gymnase_le_Corbusier.png \"Gymnase le Corbusier.png\")\n\n \n\n", "Recent results and fixtures\n---------------------------\n\n### Previous matches\n\n* + - * + - \n\t\t\t\t+ \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t- \n", "### Previous matches\n\n* + - * + - \n\t\t\t\t+ \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t- \n", "Coaching staff\n--------------\n\nAs of 20 April 2024\n\n\| Head coach \| [Ricardo Cámara Sobral (Cacau)](/wiki/Ricardo_C%C3%A1mara_Sobral_%28Cacau%29 \"Ricardo Cámara Sobral (Cacau)\") \|\n\| --- \| --- \|\n\| Assistant coaches \| \|\n\| Goalkeeping coach \| \|\n\| Translator \| \|\n\| Team doctors \| \|\n\| Equipment manager \| \|\n\| Team managers \| \|\n\n", "Players\n-------\n\n### Current squad\n\nPlayers called for the [2022 AFC Futsal Asian Cup](/wiki/2022_AFC_Futsal_Asian_Cup \"2022 AFC Futsal Asian Cup\").\n\n### Previous squads\n\nAFC Futsal Championship\n* [2018 AFC Futsal Championship squads](/wiki/2018_AFC_Futsal_Championship_squads%23Iraq \"2018 AFC Futsal Championship squads#Iraq\")\n\n", "### Current squad\n\nPlayers called for the [2022 AFC Futsal Asian Cup](/wiki/2022_AFC_Futsal_Asian_Cup \"2022 AFC Futsal Asian Cup\").\n\n", "### Previous squads\n\nAFC Futsal Championship\n* [2018 AFC Futsal Championship squads](/wiki/2018_AFC_Futsal_Championship_squads%23Iraq \"2018 AFC Futsal Championship squads#Iraq\")\n\n", "", "### FIFA Futsal World Cup\n\n\|[FIFA Futsal World Cup Record](/wiki/FIFA_Futsal_World_Cup \"FIFA Futsal World Cup\")\n\n\| \|\n\|Year\n\nRound\n\nPosition\n\n\| [1989](/wiki/1989_FIFA_Futsal_World_Championship \"1989 FIFA Futsal World Championship\") \|Did not enter\n\n\| [1992](/wiki/1992_FIFA_Futsal_World_Championship \"1992 FIFA Futsal World Championship\") \|\n\| [1996](/wiki/1996_FIFA_Futsal_World_Championship \"1996 FIFA Futsal World Championship\") \|\n\| [2000](/wiki/2000_FIFA_Futsal_World_Championship \"2000 FIFA Futsal World Championship\") \|\n\| [2004](/wiki/2004_FIFA_Futsal_World_Championship \"2004 FIFA Futsal World Championship\") \|Did not qualify\n\n\| [2008](/wiki/2008_FIFA_Futsal_World_Cup \"2008 FIFA Futsal World Cup\") \|\n\| [2012](/wiki/2012_FIFA_Futsal_World_Cup \"2012 FIFA Futsal World Cup\") \|\n\| [2016](/wiki/2016_FIFA_Futsal_World_Cup \"2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup\") \|\n\| [2020](/wiki/2020_FIFA_Futsal_World_Cup \"2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup\") \|\n\| [2024](/wiki/2024_FIFA_Futsal_World_Cup \"2024 FIFA Futsal World Cup\") \|\n\| Total \| 0/10 \| Best: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \|\n\n", "### AFC Futsal Asian Cup\n\n\| [AFC Futsal Asian Cup record](/wiki/AFC_Futsal_Asian_Cup \"AFC Futsal Asian Cup\") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\|Year\n\nRound\n\nPosition\n\n\| [1999](/wiki/1999_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"1999 AFC Futsal Championship\") \|Did not enter\n\n\| [2000](/wiki/2000_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2000 AFC Futsal Championship\") \|\n\| [2001](/wiki/2001_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2001 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Group stage \| 16th \| 3 \| 0 \| 1 \| 2 \| 8 \| 16 \|\n\| [2002](/wiki/2002_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2002 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Quarterfinals \| 8th \| 5 \| 2 \| 0 \| 3 \| 37 \| 18 \|\n\| [2003](/wiki/2003_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2003 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Group stage \| 16th \| 3 \| 1 \| 0 \| 2 \| 12 \| 10 \|\n\| [2004](/wiki/2004_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2004 AFC Futsal Championship\") \|Did not enter\n\n\| [2005](/wiki/2005_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2005 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Group stage \| 16th \| 8 \| 6 \| 0 \| 2 \| 33 \| 19 \|\n\| [2006](/wiki/2006_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2006 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Group stage \| 16th \| 3 \| 0 \| 0 \| 3 \| 4 \| 12 \|\n\| [2007](/wiki/2007_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2007 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Group stage \| 16th \| 3 \| 1 \| 0 \| 2 \| 9 \| 13 \|\n\| [2008](/wiki/2008_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2008 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Group stage \| 16th \| 3 \| 0 \| 0 \| 3 \| 4 \| 14 \|\n\| [2010](/wiki/2010_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2010 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Group stage \| 16th \| 3 \| 1 \| 0 \| 2 \| 12 \| 20 \|\n\| [2012](/wiki/2012_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2012 AFC Futsal Championship\") \|Did not qualify\n\n\| [2014](/wiki/2014_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2014 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Group stage \| 16th \| 3 \| 2 \| 0 \| 1 \| 11 \| 7 \|\n\| [2016](/wiki/2016_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2016 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Quarterfinals \| 8th \| 5 \| 2 \| 0 \| 3 \| 15 \| 25 \|\n\| [2018](/wiki/2018_AFC_Futsal_Championship \"2018 AFC Futsal Championship\") \| Fourth place \| 4th \| 6 \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| 16 \| 18 \|\n\| [2022](/wiki/2022_AFC_Futsal_Asian_Cup \"2022 AFC Futsal Asian Cup\") \| Group stage \| 10th \| 3 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 9 \| 5 \|\n\| [2024](/wiki/2024_AFC_Futsal_Asian_Cup \"2024 AFC Futsal Asian Cup\") \| Fifth place \| 5th \| 4 \| 2 \| 0 \| 2 \| 15 \| 12 \|\n\| Total \| 13/17 \| 0 Titles \| 51 \| 20 \| 4 \| 28 \| 181 \| 185 \|\n\n", "", "", "", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Iraq national football team](/wiki/Iraq_national_football_team \"Iraq national football team\")\n* [Iraq national beach soccer team](/wiki/Iraq_national_beach_soccer_team \"Iraq national beach soccer team\")\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](http://www.ifa.iq) \n", "References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:Asian national futsal teams](/wiki/Category:Asian_national_futsal_teams \"Asian national futsal teams\")\n[Futsal](/wiki/Category:National_sports_teams_of_Iraq \"National sports teams of Iraq\")\n[National](/wiki/Category:Futsal_in_Iraq \"Futsal in Iraq\")\n\n" ] }
Lagoa Seca	{ "id": [ 8713122 ], "name": [ "Cyfraw" ] }	np5t9h168zbz8qstvf3rqj7men708uc	2022-03-01T14:00:56Z	1,074,670,607	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\nLagoa Seca is a [municipality](/wiki/Municipalities_of_Brazil \"Municipalities of Brazil\") in the [state](/wiki/States_of_Brazil \"States of Brazil\") of [Paraíba](/wiki/Para%C3%ADba \"Paraíba\") in the [Northeast Region](/wiki/Northeast_Region%2C_Brazil \"Northeast Region, Brazil\") of [Brazil](/wiki/Brazil \"Brazil\").\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of municipalities in Paraíba](/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Para%C3%ADba \"List of municipalities in Paraíba\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:Municipalities in Paraíba](/wiki/Category:Municipalities_in_Para%C3%ADba \"Municipalities in Paraíba\")\n\n" ] }
Deriner Dam	{ "id": [ 4156945 ], "name": [ "Ravensfire" ] }	6oyp8bqf8zfhque5fhei0d3tdkq3o7a	2024-04-25T14:01:14Z	1,220,667,695	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Background", "Construction", "Specifications", "Dam", "Power house", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nDeriner Dam () is a concrete double\\-curved [arch dam](/wiki/Arch_dam \"Arch dam\") on the [Çoruh River](/wiki/%C3%87oruh_River \"Çoruh River\") east of [Artvin](/wiki/Artvin \"Artvin\") in [Artvin Province](/wiki/Artvin_Province \"Artvin Province\"), [Turkey](/wiki/Turkey \"Turkey\"). The main purpose of the dam is [hydroelectric](/wiki/Hydroelectric \"Hydroelectric\") power production and additionally [flood control](/wiki/Flood_control \"Flood control\"). Construction on the dam began in 1998, the reservoir began to fill in February 2012 and the power station was completed by February 2013\\. It will have a 670 MW power house and is the [tallest](/wiki/List_of_tallest_dams_in_the_world \"List of tallest dams in the world\") dam in Turkey. The dam is being implemented by [Turkey's State Hydraulic Works](/wiki/State_Hydraulic_Works \"State Hydraulic Works\") and constructed by a consortium of Turkish, Russian and Swiss companies.\n\nThe dam is named after İbrahim Deriner, who died while serving as the Chief Engineer of its research team.\n\n", "Background\n----------\n\nIn 1969, a survey of the energy potential of the Coruh River was carried out by the Electrical Power Resources Survey Administration and later potential dam foundations were investigated. Based on the studies and investigations, a master plan for the river was started in 1979 and completed in 1982\\. The feasibility study for the Deriner Dam was not completed until 1987 and was carried out by the Swiss branch of [Poyry Energy](/wiki/P%C3%B6yry \"Pöyry\") and Turkey's Dolsar Engineering. Several factors delayed construction of the dam during this period. The cost of relocating roads in such a mountainous area would be high and the need for [agricultural](/wiki/Agricultural \"Agricultural\"), not electric development was deemed a higher priority. As the demand for electricity in Turkey grew, the Çoruh Valley Project began its implementation. After negotiations and the signing of a protocol between the Turkish and Russian governments at the 1994 Turkish\\-Russian Mixed Economic Commission in Moscow, Turkey's State Hydraulic Works was authorized to move forward with the dam. The consortium started with the Russian company [Technostroyexport](/wiki/Technostroyexport \"Technostroyexport\") and later expanded with Turkey's ERG Construction and the Swiss companies Stucky (engineering consulting), [Andritz](/wiki/Andritz_AG \"Andritz AG\") (turbines and hydromechanical works) and [Alstom](/wiki/Alstom \"Alstom\") (generators, energy transmission and balance\\-of\\-plant). The Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the dam was completed and approved in 1995 and funding to begin the project was available in 1997\\. In 1998, the consortium received the site and construction commenced.\n \n\n", "Construction\n------------\n\n[thumb\\\|200px\\\|The dam under construction in 2009](/wiki/Image:Construction_site_of_the_Deriner_Dam%2C_Province_of_Artvin%2C_Turkey.JPG \"Construction site of the Deriner Dam, Province of Artvin, Turkey.JPG\")\n\nConstruction on the Deriner Dam began in January 1998, and by the end of 2005, the Coruh River had been diverted around the construction site and the dam's foundation was excavated and prepared. The river was diverted on the right\\-bank by means of a horseshoe\\-shaped [tunnel](/wiki/Tunnel \"Tunnel\") with a diameter. The foundation required extensive excavation because layers of decompressed rock existed above the sound [granodiorite](/wiki/Granodiorite \"Granodiorite\") rock. To secure the foundation, over 2,000 re\\-stressable post\\-tensioned [rock anchors](/wiki/Anchor_bolt \"Anchor bolt\") were installed. At the end of 2005, workers began pouring concrete for the dam's foundation but because of funding, this was delayed between September 2006 and September 2007\\. By January 2008, the dam reached a height of .\n \n\n```\nBy mid-2010, \n```\n\n of the needed of concrete had been poured and 93% of the project was complete. The spillways within the dam's body were complete as well.\n \n\n```\nOn 24 February 2012, the dam was complete and began to impound its reservoir.\n```\n\n The power station is expected to be operational by February 2013\\.\n\n", "Specifications\n--------------\n\n### Dam\n\nThe Deriner Dam is a high, long double\\-curved [arch dam](/wiki/Arch_dam \"Arch dam\"). It has a base width of and a crest width at the top cantilever of . A total of of [concrete](/wiki/Concrete \"Concrete\") forms the dam's body which also contains its orifice [spillway](/wiki/Spillway \"Spillway\"). This spillway consists of 8 x [flap gates](/wiki/Sluice_gate \"Sluice gate\") that can discharge a maximum of of water. The dam's other spillway consists of two tunnels, each on opposing banks behind the dam. The right tunnel is long and the left is long. Each tunnel is controlled by a high, long flap gate. Each of these tunnels have the same capacity as both combined can discharge up to of water. The reservoir behind the dam has a catchment area of , capacity of and regulating volume of .\n\n### Power house\n\nThe dam's power house is located underground on its right bank and has a width of , length of and height of . Contained in the power house are vertical [Francis turbines](/wiki/Francis_turbine \"Francis turbine\") that have a combined capacity of 670 MW and annual generation of 2,118 GWh. Water being transferred to the turbines does so by means of a diameter [penstock](/wiki/Penstock \"Penstock\"). Once through the turbines, water exits the powerhouse via long horseshoe shaped tail\\-race tunnels.\n\n", "### Dam\n\nThe Deriner Dam is a high, long double\\-curved [arch dam](/wiki/Arch_dam \"Arch dam\"). It has a base width of and a crest width at the top cantilever of . A total of of [concrete](/wiki/Concrete \"Concrete\") forms the dam's body which also contains its orifice [spillway](/wiki/Spillway \"Spillway\"). This spillway consists of 8 x [flap gates](/wiki/Sluice_gate \"Sluice gate\") that can discharge a maximum of of water. The dam's other spillway consists of two tunnels, each on opposing banks behind the dam. The right tunnel is long and the left is long. Each tunnel is controlled by a high, long flap gate. Each of these tunnels have the same capacity as both combined can discharge up to of water. The reservoir behind the dam has a catchment area of , capacity of and regulating volume of .\n\n", "### Power house\n\nThe dam's power house is located underground on its right bank and has a width of , length of and height of . Contained in the power house are vertical [Francis turbines](/wiki/Francis_turbine \"Francis turbine\") that have a combined capacity of 670 MW and annual generation of 2,118 GWh. Water being transferred to the turbines does so by means of a diameter [penstock](/wiki/Penstock \"Penstock\"). Once through the turbines, water exits the powerhouse via long horseshoe shaped tail\\-race tunnels.\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Borçka Dam](/wiki/Bor%C3%A7ka_Dam \"Borçka Dam\") – downstream\n* [Artvin Dam](/wiki/Artvin_Dam \"Artvin Dam\") – upstream\n* [List of dams and reservoirs in Turkey](/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Turkey \"List of dams and reservoirs in Turkey\")\n* [List of tallest dams in the world](/wiki/List_of_tallest_dams_in_the_world \"List of tallest dams in the world\")\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Dams in Artvin Province](/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Artvin_Province \"Dams in Artvin Province\")\n[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey](/wiki/Category:Hydroelectric_power_stations_in_Turkey \"Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey\")\n[Category:Dams on the Çoruh River](/wiki/Category:Dams_on_the_%C3%87oruh_River \"Dams on the Çoruh River\")\n[Category:Arch dams](/wiki/Category:Arch_dams \"Arch dams\")\n[Category:Dams completed in 2012](/wiki/Category:Dams_completed_in_2012 \"Dams completed in 2012\")\n[Category:2013 establishments in Turkey](/wiki/Category:2013_establishments_in_Turkey \"2013 establishments in Turkey\")\n[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2013](/wiki/Category:Energy_infrastructure_completed_in_2013 \"Energy infrastructure completed in 2013\")\n[Category:21st\\-century architecture in Turkey](/wiki/Category:21st-century_architecture_in_Turkey \"21st-century architecture in Turkey\")\n\n" ] }
Bethioua	{ "id": [ 7903804 ], "name": [ "Citation bot" ] }	kfrbqyhppywozo2rfs26ympdaoq9ikz	2024-04-25T21:39:24Z	1,217,163,981	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "History", "References", "Bibliography" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "[thumbnail\\\|right\\\|250px\\\|Bethioua District within Algeria's [Oran Province](/wiki/Oran_Province \"Oran Province\")](/wiki/File:DZ_31_Bethioua.svg \"DZ 31 Bethioua.svg\")\n\nBethioua (), formerly Arsenaria, Portus Magnus, Arzew (, ), Vieil Arzew (\"Old Arzew\"), and Saint Leu, is a port town and district near [Arzew](/wiki/Arzew \"Arzew\") in [Oran Province](/wiki/Oran_Province \"Oran Province\") in northwestern [Algeria](/wiki/Algeria \"Algeria\"). It has a gas port, petrochemical facilities and desalination plant.\n\n", "History\n-------\n\nBethioua is located on the ruins of the ancient [Roman](/wiki/Roman_Empire \"Roman Empire\") settlement of Arsenaria or [Portus Magnus](/wiki/Portus_Magnus%2C_Algeria \"Portus Magnus, Algeria\"). \n\nThe region itself belonged to the Battiwa (Ibeṭṭiwen), a group of Berber clans which arrived from the [Rif mountains](/wiki/Rif \"Rif\"), mainly Ait Said and Temsaman tribe. They were composed of clans from Zegzawa (Izegzawen), the [Ait Mait](/wiki/Ait_Mait \"Ait Mait\") and their Maraboutic leader Sidi Amar Ben Ahmed whose mausoleum lies facing the sea.. Originally settled in Mazagran near the city of [Mostaganem](/wiki/Mostaganem \"Mostaganem\"), the Ibeṭṭiwen and Battiwa the bey of [Mascara](/wiki/Mascara%2C_Algeria \"Mascara, Algeria\") gave them coastal territory a little further west in 1784\\. Under [French occupation](/wiki/French_Algeria \"French Algeria\"), the Battiwa took refuge in Mazagran again. Most of them were given back their land by the authorities.Emile Janier Les Bettiwa de Saint Leu \\- Revue Africaine 1945, pp. 238241, [Lire en ligne](http://www.algerie-ancienne.com/livres/Revue/revue.htm) Today only elders can still really speak the tribe language.\n\nWhen the Anglo\\-Americans invaded Algeria in November 1941 ([Operation Torch](/wiki/Operation_Torch \"Operation Torch\")), the American troops who captured Oran landed at Beach Z,Colin Smith, England's Last War Against France: Fighting Vichy 1940\\-1942, ISBN, 0297852183, 2009 which was the strip of coastline between [Arzew](/wiki/Arzew \"Arzew\") and Bethioua. \n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "Bibliography\n------------\n\n* [Metzmacher, M. (1979 a). Les oiseaux de la Macta et de sa région (Algérie) : Non passereaux. Aves, 3\\-4 : 89–123\\.](http://hdl.handle.net/2268/162282)\n\n[Category:Populated places in Oran Province](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Oran_Province \"Populated places in Oran Province\")\n[Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Algeria](/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_port_cities_and_towns_in_Algeria \"Mediterranean port cities and towns in Algeria\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Max Pievsky	{ "id": [ 32607130 ], "name": [ "Unknown artist" ] }	e9imonffhlloexu5e0pq69o6g6rcjpr	2024-07-09T15:15:44Z	1,128,989,874	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nMax Pievsky (born July 4, 1925\\) is an American former [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") politician who served as a member of the [Pennsylvania House of Representatives](/wiki/Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives \"Pennsylvania House of Representatives\").\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:1925 births](/wiki/Category:1925_births \"1925 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Democratic Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives](/wiki/Category:Democratic_Party_members_of_the_Pennsylvania_House_of_Representatives \"Democratic Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Rifleman's Assault Weapon	{ "id": [ 28048474 ], "name": [ "RadiculousJ" ] }	3z70u4ee6z6o2fdif3ne1r1p94jffc1	2024-03-19T22:59:56Z	1,188,207,322	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Notes" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe rifleman's assault weapon (RAW) was a close\\-support rocket\\-propelled grenade developed around 1977 and put into limited service by the [United States Marine Corps](/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps \"United States Marine Corps\") in the 1990s.Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995–96, p. 219\\. It was developed in response to a military requirement for a multi\\-purpose close support weapon. The RAW's rocket\\-propelled spherical munition was fired from an M16 rifle and was capable of blowing holes through [masonry](/wiki/Masonry \"Masonry\") walls and disabling light armored vehicles.\n\nThe RAW's [high explosive squash head](/wiki/High_explosive_squash_head \"High explosive squash head\") (HESH) warhead could penetrate of reinforced concrete (creating a hole) and hit moving targets at a range of . The RAW was considered to be ideal for the conditions of [urban warfare](/wiki/Urban_warfare \"Urban warfare\").Jane's Infantry Weapons 1984–85, p. 661\\. Reconsideration by the U.S. military as to what kind of close support weapon they were seeking resulted in only limited procurement of the RAW, despite the weapon performing to specification and displaying a remarkably flat trajectory to a range of . Brunswick Corporation also developed an antitank version of the RAW. Brunswick later sold the design for the RAW to KDI Precision Products, Inc., which became part of [L\\-3 Communications](/wiki/L-3_Communications \"L-3 Communications\") in 2001\\.Forecast International Comments on RAW.\n\n\| Performance of RAW and contemporary weapons \| \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| Effectiveness against reinforced concrete \| \| \|\n\| Munition \| Penetration in cm \| Max effective range in meters \|\n\| 140\\-mm RAW \| \| \|\n\| 40 mm [HEDP](/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank%23High-explosive_dual-purpose \"High-explosive anti-tank#High-explosive dual-purpose\") grenade \| \\~ \| \|\n\| 83 mm bunker defeat munition (SMAW\\-D) \| \| \|\n\| Data source for weapons performance is Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995–96, Jane's Ammunition Handbook 1994, and [M141 BDM](http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/m141.htm). \| \| \|\n\n", "Notes\n-----\n\n[Category:Rifle grenades](/wiki/Category:Rifle_grenades \"Rifle grenades\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Outer Temple	{ "id": [ 7131173 ], "name": [ "Alanscottwalker" ] }	fwsshdjj5ij5kaurkzdte5a3ba5dpix	2023-11-12T21:03:26Z	1,184,820,634	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "History", "Controversy", "Present-day chambers", "In fiction", "Bibliography", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n[thumb\\\|The Outer Temple, Fleet Street](/wiki/File:Outer_Temple_20130414_063.jpg \"Outer Temple 20130414 063.jpg\")\n\nThe Outer Temple is a building next to [the Temple](/wiki/Temple%2C_London \"Temple, London\") area in London, just outside the [City of London](/wiki/City_of_London \"City of London\"). In the 14th century, the property seized from the [Knights Templar](/wiki/Knights_Templar \"Knights Templar\") was divided, and that part of the Temple property then just outside London was given the name Outer Temple. It has been suggested that the name Outer Temple once also referred to an [Inn of Chancery](/wiki/Inns_of_Chancery \"Inns of Chancery\"); its historical existence was first posited by [A. W. B. Simpson](/wiki/A._W._B._Simpson \"A. W. B. Simpson\") and confirmed by [John Baker](/wiki/John_Baker_%28legal_historian%29 \"John Baker (legal historian)\") in 2008\\. Little is known of it, other than that it lacked a hall; Baker suggests that this is the reason that it did not survive long enough to appear in many records. Other writers have insisted that it was never an inn: [Sir George Buck](/wiki/George_Buck \"George Buck\") wrote in 1612 \"the Utter Temple neither is nor was ever any college or society of students\".Cited in Bellot (1902\\), p. 22 Regardless, although the present building takes the name, and is located in the area once known as outer\\-Temple, it is not otherwise historically connected.\n\n", "History\n-------\n\nIt is believed that the Inns of Chancery evolved in tandem with the [Inns of Court](/wiki/Inns_of_Court \"Inns of Court\"). During the 12th and 13th century the law was taught in the [City of London](/wiki/City_of_London \"City of London\"), primarily by the clergy. A [papal bull](/wiki/Papal_bull \"Papal bull\") in 1218 prohibited the clergy from practising in the secular, [common law](/wiki/Common_law \"Common law\") courts. As a result, law began to be practised and taught by laymen instead of by clerics. To protect their schools from competition, first [Henry II](/wiki/Henry_II_of_England \"Henry II of England\") and later [Henry III](/wiki/Henry_III_of_England \"Henry III of England\") issued proclamations prohibiting the teaching of the [civil law](/wiki/Civil_law_%28legal_system%29 \"Civil law (legal system)\") within the City of London., p. 32 The lawyers settled immediately outside the City of London as close as possible to [Westminster Hall](/wiki/Westminster_Hall \"Westminster Hall\"), where [Magna Carta](/wiki/Magna_Carta \"Magna Carta\") provided for a permanent court. This was the small village of [Holborn](/wiki/Holborn \"Holborn\"), where they inhabited \"hostels\" or \"inns\", which later took their name from the landlord of the Inn in question.Watt (1928\\) p. 5\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|Map of London about the 1300s. \"Outer Temple\" precinct shown at center left.](/wiki/File:Map_of_London%2C_1300.svg \"Map of London, 1300.svg\")\nAfter the [Temple](/wiki/Temple%2C_London \"Temple, London\") was confiscated from the [Knights Templar](/wiki/Knights_Templar \"Knights Templar\") in 1312, [King Edward II](/wiki/Edward_II_of_England \"Edward II of England\") divided it between the Inner Temple and Outer Temple, being the parts of the Temple within and without the boundaries of the City of London. (The Inner Temple was in turn divided in two in 1337, the eastern part continuing to be called [Inner Temple](/wiki/Inner_Temple \"Inner Temple\") and the western part becoming known as [Middle Temple](/wiki/Middle_Temple \"Middle Temple\"). They were each leased to lawyers in 1346\\.)Bellot (1902\\), pp. 19\\-22\n\n", "Controversy\n-----------\n\nWhile [John Fortescue](/wiki/John_Fortescue_%28judge%29 \"John Fortescue (judge)\") wrote of ten Inns of Chancery, each one attached to an [Inn of Court](/wiki/Inns_of_Court \"Inns of Court\") \"like Maids of Honour to a Princess\",Watt (1928\\) p. 9 only nine were well known.Loftie (1895\\) p.252 The identification of the tenth as Outer Temple was first suggested by [A. W. B. Simpson](/wiki/A._W._B._Simpson \"A. W. B. Simpson\"), who discovered a reference to a [barrister](/wiki/Barrister \"Barrister\") named William Halle in the year books of the [Serjeants\\-at\\-Law](/wiki/Serjeant-at-Law \"Serjeant-at-Law\") who was said to have come from the Outer Temple. At the time, Simpson debated whether it was a reference to a historical institution or simply a geographical address. In 2008 [John Baker](/wiki/John_Baker_%28legal_historian%29 \"John Baker (legal historian)\") argued that it was most likely an institution with a discovery in the [plea rolls](/wiki/Plea_rolls \"Plea rolls\") of the [Court of King's Bench](/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_%28England%29 \"Court of King's Bench (England)\") of a barrister who claimed to be a \"fellow of the \\[Outer] Temple\".Baker (2008\\) p.386 In 2013 John Baker discovered another member of the Outer Temple, Richard Palmer, who was sued in the Court of Common Pleas in 1523 and described as of the Exterior or Outer Temple, London.Baker (2013\\), Postscript to “The Inn of the Outer Temple”, in Collected Papers\n\nHowever, this theory overlooks the existence of St George's Inn, a tenth inn of chancery which existed until the late 15th century, when it was abandoned.Bellot (1902\\), pp. 24\\-25; 238 There is no evidence that Outer Temple was ever anything more than a barristers' chambers.Bellot (1902\\), p. 22\n\n", "Present\\-day chambers\n---------------------\n\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|200px\\\|The Outer Temple building at 222 Strand \\- a passage through to Middle Temple leads from the left entrance](/wiki/File:222_Strand_London.jpg \"222 Strand London.jpg\")\nThere is a 19th\\-century building called \"The Outer Temple\", situated between [Strand](/wiki/Strand%2C_London \"Strand, London\") and Essex Court/Brick Court (of the Middle Temple),[Outer Temple](http://www.outertemple.com/contact-us/location-map.asp) \\- location just outside the Middle Temple boundary in the [City of Westminster](/wiki/City_of_Westminster \"City of Westminster\"), and directly opposite the [Royal Courts of Justice](/wiki/Royal_Courts_of_Justice \"Royal Courts of Justice\"). It is occupied by [barristers](/wiki/Barrister \"Barrister\") (as well as a branch of a retail bank) but is not directly related to the historic Outer Temple.\n\n", "In fiction\n----------\n\n[Horace Rumpole](/wiki/Horace_Rumpole \"Horace Rumpole\"), the fictional barrister creation of [John Mortimer](/wiki/John_Mortimer \"John Mortimer\"), [QC](/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel \"Queen's Counsel\"), claims to have [eaten his dinners](/wiki/Call_to_the_bar \"Call to the bar\") at the Outer Temple; Mortimer trained at the [Inner Temple](/wiki/Inner_Temple \"Inner Temple\").\n\n", "Bibliography\n------------\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:English law](/wiki/Category:English_law \"English law\")\n[Category:Legal buildings in London](/wiki/Category:Legal_buildings_in_London \"Legal buildings in London\")\n[Category:Inns of Chancery](/wiki/Category:Inns_of_Chancery \"Inns of Chancery\")\n[Category:Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_the_City_of_Westminster \"Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster\")\n\n" ] }
Half Moon Bay Review	{ "id": [ 34986788 ], "name": [ "Eric Schucht" ] }	0vmtkpf58jts2gir17pczwra0hxw6vt	2024-05-25T21:51:12Z	1,195,240,066	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe *Half Moon Bay Review* is an American online news source and [broadsheet](/wiki/Broadsheet \"Broadsheet\") [newspaper](/wiki/Newspaper \"Newspaper\") that has been serving the Coastside area of [San Mateo County, California](/wiki/San_Mateo_County%2C_California \"San Mateo County, California\"), from [Pacifica](/wiki/Pacifica%2C_California \"Pacifica, California\") to the [Santa Cruz County](/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County%2C_California \"Santa Cruz County, California\") line since 1898\\. It is published each Wednesday morning and circulated by mail, counter, and rack sales to homes and businesses on the Coastside. The Review also publishes free magazines throughout the Bay Area, including On The Coastside, Neighborhoods, Coastside Guide, Readers Choice, and Eat.\n\nIn October 2020, the *Pacifica Tribune* was purchased by the Coastside News Group.[Coastside News Group buys Pacifica Tribune](https://www.hmbreview.com/news/coastside-news-group-buys-pacifica-tribune/article_6efd2a54-097e-11eb-992e-e3fbb6af4988.html), October 8, 2020 The Coastside\\-based California benefit corporation that owns the Half Moon Bay Review has added a second newspaper to its portfolio. The Coastside News Group Inc. announced on Thursday that it had purchased the Pacifica Tribune. The Pacifica Tribune is separately published, and has its own reporters, although some articles are printed in both papers.\n\nThe Review is owned by Coastside News Group, Inc., a California Benefit Corporation created by a group of community members. [Wick Communications](/wiki/Wick_Communications \"Wick Communications\") had purchased the Half Moon Bay Review in 1986\\. They announced plans to sell the newspaper in September 2017\\. A group of community members, calling themselves the Coastside News Group, entered into an agreement to purchase the paper from Wick in February 2018, and the purchase was completed in June 2018\\.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Half Moon Bay Review](http://www.hmbreview.com/)\n* [Pacifica Tribune](http://www.pacificatribune.com/)\n\n[Category:Half Moon Bay, California](/wiki/Category:Half_Moon_Bay%2C_California \"Half Moon Bay, California\")\n[Category:Newspapers published in the San Francisco Bay Area](/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area \"Newspapers published in the San Francisco Bay Area\")\n[Category:Wick Communications publications](/wiki/Category:Wick_Communications_publications \"Wick Communications publications\")\n[Category:Newspapers established in 1898](/wiki/Category:Newspapers_established_in_1898 \"Newspapers established in 1898\")\n[Category:1898 establishments in California](/wiki/Category:1898_establishments_in_California \"1898 establishments in California\")\n[Category:Public benefit corporations based in California](/wiki/Category:Public_benefit_corporations_based_in_California \"Public benefit corporations based in California\")\n[Category:Weekly newspapers published in California](/wiki/Category:Weekly_newspapers_published_in_California \"Weekly newspapers published in California\")\n\n" ] }
Villa Tehuelches	{ "id": [ 23646674 ], "name": [ "Cewbot" ] }	5pspl0oar26nhv08h8adt1jkfntpa3r	2023-09-15T15:06:04Z	1,032,723,235	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "History", "Community activities", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\nVilla Tehuelches is a [Chilean](/wiki/Chile \"Chile\") [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") (pop. 151\\) and [capital](/wiki/Capital_%28political%29 \"Capital (political)\") of the [commune](/wiki/Communes_of_Chile \"Communes of Chile\") () of [Laguna Blanca](/wiki/Laguna_Blanca%2C_Chile \"Laguna Blanca, Chile\") in the [Magallanes Province](/wiki/Magallanes_Province \"Magallanes Province\"), [Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Region](/wiki/Magallanes_and_Antartica_Chilena_Region \"Magallanes and Antartica Chilena Region\"). This area of [Patagonian](/wiki/Patagonia \"Patagonia\") [plains](/wiki/Plain \"Plain\") () is suitable for livestock and the breeding of [sheep](/wiki/Sheep \"Sheep\"). [Villa Tehuelches](http://www.tehuelches.cl/tehuelches/villa/index.htm) \n\n", "History\n-------\n\nThe [municipality](/wiki/Municipality \"Municipality\") was created on 30 December 1927 with the name of Morro Chico, renaming reformulation of borders, of agreement, Decree No. 2868, 26\\.10\\.1979\\.\n\n", "Community activities\n--------------------\n\nOffers educational services, which is taught in school, \"Diego Portales\", whose director is Doris Montiel Quedimán, who also administers the internship for students coming from different sectors, both of Laguna Blanca as other municipalities and provinces (Punta Arenas, Río Verde, Chile, [Puerto Aysén](/wiki/Puerto_Ays%C3%A9n \"Puerto Aysén\"), Puerto Natales)\n\nAlso enjoy access to emergency health care through a first aid post, which is in charge of university nurse Patricia Obilinovic\n\nFinally, the order and security of the township lies in the [police](/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile \"Carabineros de Chile\") station in Villa Tehuelches, whose Chief Officer checkpoint is Osvaldo Ferreira.\n\n[thumb\\\|500px\\\|center\\\|An estancia (large ranch) in the Comune of Laguna Blanca, just south of Villa Tehuelches, with the Laguna Blanca in the distance (the lake on the right, faintly visible).](/wiki/Image:Chile_%2810%29%2C_Patagonia%2C_Laguna_Blanca%2C_Estancia_near_the_Laguna.JPG \"Chile (10), Patagonia, Laguna Blanca, Estancia near the Laguna.JPG\")\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Map](http://mapasdechile.com/villatehuelche/index.htm)\n* [Villa Tehuelche](https://web.archive.org/web/20071211081749/http://franciscanos-magallanes.vidaconsagrada.net/Comunidad-Villa-Tehuelche.php)\n\n[Category:Port settlements in Chile](/wiki/Category:Port_settlements_in_Chile \"Port settlements in Chile\")\n[Category:Populated places in Magallanes Province](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Magallanes_Province \"Populated places in Magallanes Province\")\n\n" ] }
List of United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use	{ "id": [ 27823944 ], "name": [ "GreenC bot" ] }	d7wm5858s2446kuq1048hk0yyhuhm4x	2024-08-29T19:26:52Z	1,240,411,076	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Background", "List of politicians who farmed hemp", "Use prior to decriminalization", "See also", "Notes", "References", "Citations", "Works cited" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3 ], "content": [ "\n\n[thumb\\\|upright\\\|alt\\=A painting of a man with white hair wearing a white ruffled shirt and dark coat\\\|[George Washington](/wiki/George_Washington \"George Washington\"), the first president and one of the Founding Fathers, was known to have grown hemp.](/wiki/File:George_Washington_1795.jpg \"George Washington 1795.jpg\")\nBefore the prohibition of [cannabis in the United States](/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States \"Cannabis in the United States\"), some of the nation's [Founding Fathers](/wiki/Founding_Fathers \"Founding Fathers\") and [presidents](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") grew hemp. Politicians who have admitted to recreational use of the drug prior to [its decriminalization or legalization](/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States \"Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States\") include mayors, [governors](/wiki/Governor_%28United_States%29 \"Governor (United States)\"), members of the [U.S. Congress](/wiki/U.S._Congress \"U.S. Congress\"), vice presidents and presidents.\n\n", "Background\n----------\n\nIn the United States, [cannabis](/wiki/Cannabis \"Cannabis\") was initially grown for industrial reasons, though it quickly became a staple medicinal product in the early 19th century and recreational use became more prevalent during the 20th century. [Harry J. Anslinger](/wiki/Harry_J._Anslinger \"Harry J. Anslinger\"), the commissioner of the [Federal Bureau of Narcotics](/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Narcotics \"Federal Bureau of Narcotics\"), responded to political pressure to ban marijuana at a nationwide level. The [Marihuana Tax Act of 1937](/wiki/Marihuana_Tax_Act_of_1937 \"Marihuana Tax Act of 1937\") created an expensive [excise](/wiki/Excise \"Excise\") tax, and included penalty provisions and elaborate rules of enforcement to which marijuana, cannabis, or hemp handlers, were subject. [Mandatory sentencing](/wiki/Mandatory_sentencing \"Mandatory sentencing\") and increased punishment were enacted when the [U.S. Congress](/wiki/U.S._Congress \"U.S. Congress\") passed the [Boggs Act of 1951](/wiki/Boggs_Act_of_1951 \"Boggs Act of 1951\") and the [Narcotics Control Act of 1956](/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Act_of_1956 \"Narcotics Control Act of 1956\").\n\nDuring the [counterculture of the 1960s](/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s \"Counterculture of the 1960s\"), attitudes towards marijuana and drug abuse policy changed as marijuana use among \"white middle\\-class college students\" became widespread. In [Leary v. United States](/wiki/Leary_v._United_States \"Leary v. United States\") (1969\\), the [U.S. Supreme Court](/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court \"U.S. Supreme Court\") held the Marihuana Tax Act to be unconstitutional since it violated [the Fifth Amendment](/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution \"Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution\"). In response, Congress passed the [Controlled Substances Act](/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act \"Controlled Substances Act\") as Title II of the [Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970](/wiki/Comprehensive_Drug_Abuse_Prevention_and_Control_Act_of_1970 \"Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970\"), which repealed the Marihuana Tax Act.Pub. L. No. 91–513, 84 Stat. 1236 (October 27, 1973\\). In 1972, the [National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse](/wiki/National_Commission_on_Marijuana_and_Drug_Abuse \"National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse\") concluded that marijuana should be decriminalized, but that public use and driving while intoxicated should remain illegal. By the end of the decade, several states had [decriminalized the drug](/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States \"Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States\"), while many others weakened their laws against cannabis use.\n\nA wave of [conservatism](/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States \"Conservatism in the United States\") during the 1980s allowed president [Ronald Reagan](/wiki/Ronald_Reagan \"Ronald Reagan\") to accelerate the [war on drugs](/wiki/War_on_drugs \"War on drugs\"), prompting anti\\-drug campaigns such as the \"[Just Say No](/wiki/Just_Say_No \"Just Say No\")\" campaign of first lady [Nancy Reagan](/wiki/Nancy_Reagan \"Nancy Reagan\"). Federal penalties for cultivation, possession, or transfer of marijuana were increased by the [Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984](/wiki/Comprehensive_Crime_Control_Act_of_1984 \"Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984\") and the [Anti\\-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986](/wiki/Anti-Drug_Abuse_Act_of_1986 \"Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986\") and [1988](/wiki/Anti-Drug_Abuse_Act_of_1988 \"Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988\"). Since California voters passed the [1996 California Proposition 215](/wiki/1996_California_Proposition_215 \"1996 California Proposition 215\"), which legalized [medical cannabis](/wiki/Medical_cannabis \"Medical cannabis\"), several states have followed suit. However, [United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative](/wiki/United_States_v._Oakland_Cannabis_Buyers%27_Cooperative \"United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative\") (2001\\) rejected the common\\-law medical necessity defense to crimes enacted under the Controlled Substances Act because Congress concluded that cannabis has \"no currently accepted medical use\" and [Gonzales v. Raich](/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich \"Gonzales v. Raich\") (2005\\) concluded that the [Commerce Clause](/wiki/Commerce_Clause \"Commerce Clause\") of [Article One of the U.S. Constitution](/wiki/Article_One_of_the_U.S._Constitution \"Article One of the U.S. Constitution\") allowed the federal government to ban the use of cannabis, including medical use. Today, cannabis [remains classified as a Schedule I drug](/wiki/List_of_Schedule_I_controlled_substances_%28U.S.%29 \"List of Schedule I controlled substances (U.S.)\") under the Controlled Substances Act, and possession is punishable by up to one year in jail and a minimum fine of $1,000 for a first conviction.\n\n", "List of politicians who farmed hemp\n-----------------------------------\n\n[thumb\\\|upright\\\|alt\\=A painting of a man with light hair wearing a white ruffled shirt, a tan vest, and a dark coat\\\|[Thomas Jefferson](/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson \"Thomas Jefferson\"), the third president](/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg \"T Jefferson by Charles Willson Peale 1791 2.jpg\")\n\n\| Name \| Lifetime \| Highest position \| Party \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| \| \| [President of Pennsylvania](/wiki/President_of_Pennsylvania \"President of Pennsylvania\") \| [Independent](/wiki/Independent_%28politician%29 \"Independent (politician)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [President of the United States](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") \| [Democratic\\-Republican](/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party \"Democratic-Republican Party\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [President of the United States](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") \| [Democratic\\-Republican](/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party \"Democratic-Republican Party\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [President of the United States](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") \| [Independent](/wiki/Independent_%28politician%29 \"Independent (politician)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Secretary of State](/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State \"United States Secretary of State\"), [United States Senator Kentucky](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Kentucky \"List of United States senators from Kentucky\") \| [Democratic\\-Republican](/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party \"Democratic-Republican Party\"), [National Republican](/wiki/National_Republican_Party \"National Republican Party\") and [Whig](/wiki/Whig_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Whig Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\nParties\n\n", "Use prior to decriminalization\n------------------------------\n\n[thumb\\\|upright\\\|alt\\=A woman in front of the U.S. and California flags, wearing a black suit and multiple pearl necklaces, and smiling in front of the camera\\\|[Kamala Harris](/wiki/Kamala_Harris \"Kamala Harris\"), the 49th vice president](/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_official_photo_%28cropped2%29.jpg \"Kamala Harris official photo (cropped2).jpg\")\n[thumb\\\|upright\\\|alt\\=A man wearing a black suit and blue\\-striped tie, with the American flag in the background\\\|[George W. Bush](/wiki/George_W._Bush \"George W. Bush\"), the 43rd president](/wiki/File:George-W-Bush.jpeg \"George-W-Bush.jpeg\")\n[thumb\\\|upright\\\|alt\\=A man wearing a black suit with a blue tie\\\|[Al Gore](/wiki/Al_Gore \"Al Gore\"), the 45th vice president](/wiki/File:Al_Gore.jpg \"Al Gore.jpg\")\n[thumb\\\|upright\\\|alt\\=A man wearing a black suit and blue\\-striped tie, with the American flag in the background\\\|[Barack Obama](/wiki/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\"), the 44th president](/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Barack_Obama.jpg \"Official portrait of Barack Obama.jpg\")\n[thumb\\\|upright\\\|alt\\=A woman wearing glasses, earrings, red lipstick, a necklace of white beads, and a black jacket on top of a blue hoodie\\\|[Sarah Palin](/wiki/Sarah_Palin \"Sarah Palin\"), the 9th Alaska governor](/wiki/File:Palin1.JPG \"Palin1.JPG\")\n\n\| Name \| Lifetime \| Highest position \| Party \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| \| \| [County Executive of Westchester County](/wiki/Westchester_County_Executive \"Westchester County Executive\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| Jimmy Vielkind, [Rob Astorino 'smoked a couple of joints' in college](http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/albany/2014/03/8541605/rob-astorino-smoked-couple-joints-college), Politico New York (March 7, 2014\\). \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Arizona](/wiki/Governor_of_Arizona \"Governor of Arizona\"), [United States Secretary of the Interior](/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior \"United States Secretary of the Interior\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Mayor of New York City](/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City \"Mayor of New York City\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from New Jersey](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Jersey \"List of United States senators from New Jersey\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [President of the United States](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Florida](/wiki/Governor_of_Florida \"Governor of Florida\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Secretary of Transportation](/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation \"United States Secretary of Transportation\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Massachusetts](/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts \"Governor of Massachusetts\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from Rhode Island](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Rhode_Island \"List of United States senators from Rhode Island\"), [Governor of Rhode Island](/wiki/Governor_of_Rhode_Island \"Governor of Rhode Island\") \| [Libertarian](/wiki/Libertarian_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Libertarian Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from Florida](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Florida \"List of United States senators from Florida\"), [Governor of Florida](/wiki/Governor_of_Florida \"Governor of Florida\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [President of the United States](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from Tennessee](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Tennessee \"List of United States representatives from Tennessee\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Attorney General of Kentucky](/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Kentucky \"Attorney General of Kentucky\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from Texas](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Texas \"List of United States senators from Texas\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of New York](/wiki/Governor_of_New_York \"Governor of New York\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Mayor of New York City](/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City \"Mayor of New York City\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| Jillian Jorgensen, [Bill de Blasio Says He Hasn't Smoked Weed Since College](http://observer.com/2014/11/bill-de-blasio-says-he-hasnt-smoked-weed-since-college/), [New York Observer](/wiki/New_York_Observer \"New York Observer\") (November 19, 2015\\). \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Vermont](/wiki/Governor_of_Vermont \"Governor of Vermont\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Auditor of Massachusetts](/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Auditor \"Massachusetts State Auditor\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Lieutenant Governor of New York](/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_York \"Lieutenant Governor of New York\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development](/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development \"United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from North Carolina](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_North_Carolina \"List of United States senators from North Carolina\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from Georgia](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Georgia \"List of United States representatives from Georgia\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\|\n\| \| \| [Vice President of the United States](/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States \"Vice President of the United States\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Vice President of the United States](/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States \"Vice President of the United States\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| [Kamala Harris says she smoked marijuana in college while listening to music that didn't exist yet](https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/feb/12/kamala-harris-says-she-smoked-marijuana-in-college/), Washington Times (February 12, 2019\\) \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of New Hampshire](/wiki/Governor_of_New_Hampshire \"Governor of New Hampshire\"), [United States Senator from New Hampshire](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Hampshire \"List of United States senators from New Hampshire\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| [Gov. Hassan says she smoked marijuana while in college](http://www.unionleader.com/article/20140211/NEWS06/140219926), New Hampshire Union Leader (February 10, 2014\\) \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from Colorado](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Colorado \"List of United States senators from Colorado\"), [Governor of Colorado](/wiki/Governor_of_Colorado \"Governor of Colorado\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Indiana](/wiki/Governor_of_Indiana \"Governor of Indiana\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of New Mexico](/wiki/Governor_of_New_Mexico \"Governor of New Mexico\") \| [Libertarian](/wiki/Libertarian_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Libertarian Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from New York](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York \"List of United States representatives from New York\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Ohio](/wiki/Governor_of_Ohio \"Governor of Ohio\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| Khalil AlHajal, [John Kasich annoyed by question on whether he's smoked marijuana](http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2016/03/john_kasich_annoyed_by_questio.html), MLive (March 8, 2016\\). \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from Massachusetts](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts \"List of United States representatives from Massachusetts\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Secretary of State](/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State \"United States Secretary of State\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Mayor of New York City](/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City \"Mayor of New York City\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Colorado](/wiki/Governor_of_Colorado \"Governor of Colorado\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from Florida](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Florida \"List of United States senators from Florida\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Deputy Secretary of Energy](/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Energy \"United States Deputy Secretary of Energy\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from Washington](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Washington \"List of United States representatives from Washington\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from New York](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York \"List of United States representatives from New York\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from Virginia](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Virginia \"List of United States representatives from Virginia\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from Massachusetts](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts \"List of United States representatives from Massachusetts\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts](/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts \"Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of New Jersey](/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey \"Governor of New Jersey\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from Massachusetts](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts \"List of United States representatives from Massachusetts\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [President of the United States](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Alaska](/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska \"Governor of Alaska\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of New York](/wiki/Governor_of_New_York \"Governor of New York\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of New York](/wiki/Governor_of_New_York \"Governor of New York\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from New York](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_York \"List of United States representatives from New York\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from Rhode Island](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Rhode_Island \"List of United States senators from Rhode Island\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from Ohio](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio \"List of United States senators from Ohio\"), [U.S. Trade Representative](/wiki/U.S._Trade_Representative \"U.S. Trade Representative\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Illinois](/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Illinois \"List of Governors of Illinois\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from California](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_California \"List of United States representatives from California\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from Vermont](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont \"List of United States senators from Vermont\") \| [Independent](/wiki/Independent_%28politician%29 \"Independent (politician)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Senator from Pennsylvania](/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Pennsylvania \"List of United States senators from Pennsylvania\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of California](/wiki/Governor_of_California \"Governor of California\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania](/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Pennsylvania \"Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Oklahoma](/wiki/Governor_of_Oklahoma \"Governor of Oklahoma\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [New York City Comptroller](/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller \"New York City Comptroller\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [New York City Comptroller](/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller \"New York City Comptroller\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Representative from Massachusetts](/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts \"List of United States representatives from Massachusetts\") \| [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [Governor of Minnesota](/wiki/Governor_of_Minnesota \"Governor of Minnesota\") \| [Independent](/wiki/Independent_%28politician%29 \"Independent (politician)\") \| \|\n\| \| \| [United States Secretary of the Treasury](/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury \"United States Secretary of the Treasury\") \| [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") \| (at 20:30\\) \|\n\nParties\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use](/wiki/List_of_British_politicians_who_have_acknowledged_cannabis_use \"List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use\")\n", "Notes\n-----\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n### Citations\n\n### Works cited\n\n[Politicians](/wiki/Category:Cannabis_in_the_United_States \"Cannabis in the United States\")\n[Category:Cannabis\\-related lists](/wiki/Category:Cannabis-related_lists \"Cannabis-related lists\")\n[Cannabis use](/wiki/Category:Lists_of_American_politicians \"Lists of American politicians\")\n[United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use](/wiki/Category:People_involved_in_cannabis \"People involved in cannabis\")\n\n", "### Citations\n\n", "### Works cited\n\n[Politicians](/wiki/Category:Cannabis_in_the_United_States \"Cannabis in the United States\")\n[Category:Cannabis\\-related lists](/wiki/Category:Cannabis-related_lists \"Cannabis-related lists\")\n[Cannabis use](/wiki/Category:Lists_of_American_politicians \"Lists of American politicians\")\n[United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use](/wiki/Category:People_involved_in_cannabis \"People involved in cannabis\")\n\n" ] }
Nemacheilus subfusca	{ "id": [ 28481209 ], "name": [ "OAbot" ] }	gjhpedgai8v4n74uy13esuxhttxsvsr	2023-08-13T19:26:42Z	1,094,474,217	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Nemacheilus subfusca* is a species of [ray\\-finned fish](/wiki/Ray-finned_fish \"Ray-finned fish\") from the family [Nemacheilidae](/wiki/Nemacheilidae \"Nemacheilidae\") in the genus [Nemacheilus](/wiki/Nemacheilus \"Nemacheilus\") which is found in [Assam](/wiki/Assam \"Assam\") and China. It inhabits pebbly streams. N. subfusca was [synonymised](/wiki/Synonym_%28taxonomy%29 \"Synonym (taxonomy)\") with [Neomacheilus scaturigina](/wiki/Schistura_scaturigina \"Schistura scaturigina\") which was described by Menon from the collection of [Hamilton](/wiki/Francis_Buchanan-Hamilton \"Francis Buchanan-Hamilton\"). It was, however, then treated as a valid species and sometimes placed in the genus [Schistura](/wiki/Schistura \"Schistura\").\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[subfusca](/wiki/Category:Nemacheilus \"Nemacheilus\")\n[Category:Fish described in 1839](/wiki/Category:Fish_described_in_1839 \"Fish described in 1839\")\n[Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN](/wiki/Category:Taxobox_binomials_not_recognized_by_IUCN \"Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
United Nations Security Council Resolution 404	{ "id": [ 12274946 ], "name": [ "Cobaltcigs" ] }	kynmhcw5j44k9rler8mae5hicarm7by	2019-10-03T21:22:15Z	788,089,160	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "See also", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n[United Nations](/wiki/United_Nations \"United Nations\") [Security Council Resolution](/wiki/List_of_UN_Security_Council_Resolutions \"List of UN Security Council Resolutions\") 404, adopted on February 8, 1977, after hearing from a representative of [Benin](/wiki/Benin \"Benin\"), the Council reaffirmed that States must refrain from threats and use of force in their international relations and decided to establish a Special Mission composed of three members of the Council to investigate the events of January 16, 1977 against the country. The findings of the report by the Special Mission were examined in [Resolution 405](/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_405 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 405\").\n\nThe incident was brought to the attention of the Council by the [People's Republic of Benin](/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Benin \"People's Republic of Benin\") on January 26, 1977, after foreign mercenaries attacked the airport and the city of [Cotonou](/wiki/Cotonou \"Cotonou\") but were later forced to retreat.\n\nNo details were of the voting were given, other than that it was adopted \"by consensus\".\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 401 to 500](/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolutions_401_to_500 \"List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 401 to 500\") (1976–1982\\)\n* [United Nations Security Council Resolution 419](/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_419 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 419\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Text of the Resolution at undocs.org](https://undocs.org/S/RES/404(1977))\n\n [0404](/wiki/Category:1977_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions \"1977 United Nations Security Council resolutions\")\n [0404](/wiki/Category:United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Benin \"United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Benin\")\n[Category:February 1977 events](/wiki/Category:February_1977_events \"February 1977 events\")\n[Category:1977 in Benin](/wiki/Category:1977_in_Benin \"1977 in Benin\")\n\n" ] }
Taylor Fletcher	{ "id": [ 753665 ], "name": [ "Ser Amantio di Nicolao" ] }	hy8xlw5m28usoiztr5nq209n40tar9a	2024-08-30T05:11:24Z	1,237,844,102	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nTaylor Fletcher (born May 11, 1990 in [Steamboat Springs, Colorado](/wiki/Steamboat_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Steamboat Springs, Colorado\")) is an American [Nordic combined](/wiki/Nordic_combined \"Nordic combined\") skier who has competed since 2006 and [ski jumper](/wiki/Ski_jumper \"Ski jumper\") since 2010\\. At the [2010 Winter Olympics](/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics \"2010 Winter Olympics\") in [Vancouver](/wiki/Vancouver \"Vancouver\"), he finished 11th in the team large hill ski jumping event and 45th in the Nordic combined 10 km individual large hill event.\n\nFletcher's best World Cup finish was 3rd in the HS 109/ 10 km event in [Seefeld](/wiki/Seefeld%2C_Tirol \"Seefeld, Tirol\") ([Austria](/wiki/Austria \"Austria\")) in January 2013\\.\n\nHis brother is also a skier, [Bryan Fletcher](/wiki/Bryan_Fletcher_%28skier%29 \"Bryan Fletcher (skier)\").\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n* [Taylor Fletcher](https://web.archive.org/web/20151229064235/http://www.teamusa.org/us-ski-and-snowboard/athletes/Taylor-Fletcher) at the [United States Olympic \\& Paralympic Committee](/wiki/United_States_Olympic_%26_Paralympic_Committee \"United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee\")\n* [Interview with Taylor and Bryan Fletcher 2015/03](http://nordicjumpworld.com/2015/03/27/nordische-kombinaion-%C2%B2-bryan-und-taylor-fletcher-im-interview/) at Nordicjumpworld.com (german and english)\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* (Nordic combined)\n* (ski jumping)\n[Category:1990 births](/wiki/Category:1990_births \"1990 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:American male ski jumpers](/wiki/Category:American_male_ski_jumpers \"American male ski jumpers\")\n[Category:American male Nordic combined skiers](/wiki/Category:American_male_Nordic_combined_skiers \"American male Nordic combined skiers\")\n[Category:Nordic combined skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Category:Nordic_combined_skiers_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics \"Nordic combined skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics\")\n[Category:Nordic combined skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Category:Nordic_combined_skiers_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics \"Nordic combined skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics\")\n[Category:Nordic combined skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Category:Nordic_combined_skiers_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics \"Nordic combined skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics\")\n[Category:Nordic combined skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Category:Nordic_combined_skiers_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics \"Nordic combined skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics\")\n[Category:Olympic Nordic combined skiers for the United States](/wiki/Category:Olympic_Nordic_combined_skiers_for_the_United_States \"Olympic Nordic combined skiers for the United States\")\n[Category:Olympic ski jumpers for the United States](/wiki/Category:Olympic_ski_jumpers_for_the_United_States \"Olympic ski jumpers for the United States\")\n[Category:Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics](/wiki/Category:Ski_jumpers_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics \"Ski jumpers at the 2010 Winter Olympics\")\n[Category:21st\\-century American sportsmen](/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_sportsmen \"21st-century American sportsmen\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Solar Saros 159	{ "id": [ 11581355 ], "name": [ "XinaNicole" ] }	sayoj0tlioa3jttrho2cxi0zapsbz2s	2024-04-26T21:48:18Z	1,220,943,319	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Umbral eclipses", "All eclipses", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n[Saros cycle](/wiki/Saros_cycle \"Saros cycle\") series 159 for [solar eclipses](/wiki/Solar_eclipse \"Solar eclipse\") will occur at the Moon's ascending [node](/wiki/Lunar_node \"Lunar node\"), repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 70 eclipses, 41 of which will be umbral (all annular). The first eclipse of the series will be on 23 May 2134 and the last will be on 17 June 3378\\.\n\nThe longest eclipse will be 10 minutes 25 seconds on 8 January 2513\\. This solar saros is linked to [Lunar Saros 152](/wiki/Lunar_Saros_152 \"Lunar Saros 152\")\n\n", "Umbral eclipses\n---------------\n\nUmbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1\\) Central (two limits), 2\\) Central (one limit) or 3\\) Non\\-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 159 appears in the following table.\n\n\| Classification \| Number \| Percent \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| All Umbral eclipses \| 41 \| 100\\.00% \|\n\| Central (two limits) \| 40 \| 97\\.56% \|\n\| Central (one limit) \| 0 \| 0\\.00% \|\n\| Non\\-central (one limit) \| 1 \| 2\\.44% \|\n\n", "All eclipses\n------------\n\n\| Saros \| Member \| Date \| Time(Greatest)[UTC](/wiki/UTC \"UTC\") \| Type \| LocationLat, Long \| [Gamma](/wiki/Gamma_%28solar_eclipse%29 \"Gamma (solar eclipse)\") \| [Mag.](/wiki/Magnitude_of_eclipse \"Magnitude of eclipse\") \| Width(km) \| Duration(min:sec) \| Ref \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 159 \| 1 \| May 23, 2134 \| 23:01:18 \| Partial \| 63\\.7N 55\\.3E \| 1\\.5285 \| 0\\.0308 \| \| \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2101\\-2200/2134\\-05\\-23\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2101-2200/2134-05-23.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 2 \| June 3, 2152 \| 6:11:19 \| Partial \| 64\\.5N 61\\.5W \| 1\\.4645 \| 0\\.1478 \| \| \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2101\\-2200/2152\\-06\\-03\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2101-2200/2152-06-03.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 3 \| June 14, 2170 \| 13:15:11 \| Partial \| 65\\.4N 177\\.1W \| 1\\.3963 \| 0\\.2719 \| \| \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2101\\-2200/2170\\-06\\-14\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2101-2200/2170-06-14.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 4 \| June 24, 2188 \| 20:14:39 \| Partial \| 66\\.4N 68E \| 1\\.3252 \| 0\\.4008 \| \| \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2101\\-2200/2188\\-06\\-24\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2101-2200/2188-06-24.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 5 \| July 7, 2206 \| 3:10:26 \| Partial \| 67\\.4N 46\\.3W \| 1\\.2516 \| 0\\.5335 \| \| \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201\\-2300/2206\\-07\\-07\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201-2300/2206-07-07.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 6 \| July 17, 2224 \| 10:03:58 \| Partial \| 68\\.4N 160\\.6W \| 1\\.1767 \| 0\\.6677 \| \| \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201\\-2300/2224\\-07\\-17\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201-2300/2224-07-17.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 7 \| July 28, 2242 \| 16:57:12 \| Partial \| 69\\.3N 84\\.8E \| 1\\.102 \| 0\\.8004 \| \| \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201\\-2300/2242\\-07\\-28\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201-2300/2242-07-28.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 8 \| August 7, 2260 \| 23:51:13 \| Partial \| 70\\.2N 30\\.7W \| 1\\.0287 \| 0\\.9293 \| \| \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201\\-2300/2260\\-08\\-07\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201-2300/2260-08-07.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 9 \| August 19, 2278 \| 6:46:23 \| Annular \| 75\\.8N 155\\.8E \| 0\\.9569 \| 0\\.9712 \| 367 \| 1m 53s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201\\-2300/2278\\-08\\-19\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201-2300/2278-08-19.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 10 \| August 29, 2296 \| 13:45:40 \| Annular \| 66\\.6N 15E \| 0\\.8888 \| 0\\.9689 \| 245 \| 2m 20s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201\\-2300/2296\\-08\\-29\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2201-2300/2296-08-29.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 11 \| September 10, 2314 \| 20:49:11 \| Annular \| 56\\.8N 103\\.3W \| 0\\.8247 \| 0\\.9654 \| 220 \| 2m 54s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301\\-2400/2314\\-09\\-10\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301-2400/2314-09-10.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 12 \| September 21, 2332 \| 3:59:10 \| Annular \| 47\\.9N 142\\.3E \| 0\\.7666 \| 0\\.9613 \| 217 \| 3m 34s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301\\-2400/2332\\-09\\-21\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301-2400/2332-09-21.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 13 \| October 2, 2350 \| 11:14:07 \| Annular \| 39\\.8N 28\\.7E \| 0\\.7131 \| 0\\.9568 \| 222 \| 4m 22s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301\\-2400/2350\\-10\\-02\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301-2400/2350-10-02.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 14 \| October 12, 2368 \| 18:37:20 \| Annular \| 32\\.5N 85\\.8W \| 0\\.6672 \| 0\\.9522 \| 233 \| 5m 13s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301\\-2400/2368\\-10\\-12\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301-2400/2368-10-12.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 15 \| October 24, 2386 \| 2:06:43 \| Annular \| 26\\.1N 158\\.8E \| 0\\.6268 \| 0\\.9475 \| 246 \| 6m 9s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301\\-2400/2386\\-10\\-24\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301-2400/2386-10-24.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 16 \| November 3, 2404 \| 9:44:07 \| Annular \| 20\\.5N 42E \| 0\\.5935 \| 0\\.943 \| 260 \| 7m 5s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401\\-2500/2404\\-11\\-03\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401-2500/2404-11-03.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 17 \| November 14, 2422 \| 17:27:40 \| Annular \| 15\\.9N 75\\.8W \| 0\\.5657 \| 0\\.9386 \| 275 \| 8m 1s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401\\-2500/2422\\-11\\-14\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401-2500/2422-11-14.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 18 \| November 25, 2440 \| 1:18:39 \| Annular \| 12\\.2N 164\\.9E \| 0\\.5445 \| 0\\.9347 \| 290 \| 8m 52s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401\\-2500/2440\\-11\\-25\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401-2500/2440-11-25.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 19 \| December 6, 2458 \| 9:14:46 \| Annular \| 9\\.5N 44\\.7E \| 0\\.528 \| 0\\.9311 \| 303 \| 9m 34s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401\\-2500/2458\\-12\\-06\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401-2500/2458-12-06.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 20 \| December 16, 2476 \| 17:15:18 \| Annular \| 7\\.7N 76\\.3W \| 0\\.5154 \| 0\\.9282 \| 314 \| 10m 4s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401\\-2500/2476\\-12\\-16\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401-2500/2476-12-16.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 21 \| December 28, 2494 \| 1:19:29 \| Annular \| 6\\.9N 161\\.8E \| 0\\.5061 \| 0\\.9257 \| 323 \| 10m 22s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401\\-2500/2494\\-12\\-28\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401-2500/2494-12-28.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 22 \| January 8, 2513 \| 9:25:23 \| Annular \| 7N 39\\.7E \| 0\\.4982 \| 0\\.924 \| 329 \| 10m 25s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501\\-2600/2513\\-01\\-08\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501-2600/2513-01-08.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 23 \| January 19, 2531 \| 17:31:19 \| Annular \| 7\\.9N 82\\.4W \| 0\\.4908 \| 0\\.9228 \| 332 \| 10m 17s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501\\-2600/2531\\-01\\-19\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501-2600/2531-01-19.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 24 \| January 30, 2549 \| 1:34:51 \| Annular \| 9\\.4N 156\\.1E \| 0\\.4815 \| 0\\.9223 \| 331 \| 10m 0s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501\\-2600/2549\\-01\\-30\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501-2600/2549-01-30.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 25 \| February 10, 2567 \| 9:35:51 \| Annular \| 11\\.4N 35\\.2E \| 0\\.4703 \| 0\\.9223 \| 328 \| 9m 37s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501\\-2600/2567\\-02\\-10\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501-2600/2567-02-10.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 26 \| February 20, 2585 \| 17:31:56 \| Annular \| 13\\.8N 84\\.3W \| 0\\.455 \| 0\\.923 \| 321 \| 9m 11s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501\\-2600/2585\\-02\\-20\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2501-2600/2585-02-20.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 27 \| March 5, 2603 \| 1:21:16 \| Annular \| 16\\.3N 158\\.1E \| 0\\.4345 \| 0\\.9243 \| 312 \| 8m 45s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601\\-2700/2603\\-03\\-05\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601-2700/2603-03-05.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 28 \| March 15, 2621 \| 9:03:08 \| Annular \| 18\\.9N 42\\.7E \| 0\\.408 \| 0\\.926 \| 301 \| 8m 20s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601\\-2700/2621\\-03\\-15\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601-2700/2621-03-15.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 29 \| March 26, 2639 \| 16:36:39 \| Annular \| 21\\.4N 70\\.2W \| 0\\.3749 \| 0\\.9281 \| 288 \| 7m 58s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601\\-2700/2639\\-03\\-26\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601-2700/2639-03-26.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 30 \| April 6, 2657 \| 0:01:46 \| Annular \| 23\\.6N 179\\.4E \| 0\\.335 \| 0\\.9305 \| 274 \| 7m 38s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601\\-2700/2657\\-04\\-06\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601-2700/2657-04-06.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 31 \| April 17, 2675 \| 7:16:48 \| Annular \| 25\\.3N 72\\.2E \| 0\\.2868 \| 0\\.9331 \| 259 \| 7m 23s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601\\-2700/2675\\-04\\-17\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601-2700/2675-04-17.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 32 \| April 27, 2693 \| 14:23:45 \| Annular \| 26\\.4N 32\\.5W \| 0\\.232 \| 0\\.9359 \| 245 \| 7m 12s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601\\-2700/2693\\-04\\-27\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2601-2700/2693-04-27.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 33 \| May 9, 2711 \| 21:21:41 \| Annular \| 26\\.5N 134\\.7W \| 0\\.1701 \| 0\\.9385 \| 231 \| 7m 5s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701\\-2800/2711\\-05\\-09\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701-2800/2711-05-09.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 34 \| May 20, 2729 \| 4:11:51 \| Annular \| 25\\.6N 125\\.3E \| 0\\.1017 \| 0\\.9412 \| 219 \| 7m 1s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701\\-2800/2729\\-05\\-20\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701-2800/2729-05-20.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 35 \| May 31, 2747 \| 10:54:36 \| Annular \| 23\\.5N 27E \| 0\\.0271 \| 0\\.9436 \| 208 \| 7m 1s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701\\-2800/2747\\-05\\-31\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701-2800/2747-05-31.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 36 \| June 10, 2765 \| 17:31:59 \| Annular \| 20\\.2N 70\\.4W \| \\-0\\.052 \| 0\\.9459 \| 200 \| 7m 2s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701\\-2800/2765\\-06\\-10\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701-2800/2765-06-10.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 37 \| June 22, 2783 \| 0:05:19 \| Annular \| 15\\.7N 167\\.4W \| \\-0\\.1347 \| 0\\.9477 \| 194 \| 7m 4s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701\\-2800/2783\\-06\\-22\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2701-2800/2783-06-22.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 38 \| July 2, 2801 \| 6:34:26 \| Annular \| 10\\.2N 95\\.8E \| \\-0\\.221 \| 0\\.9492 \| 191 \| 7m 3s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801\\-2900/2801\\-07\\-02\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801-2900/2801-07-02.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 39 \| July 13, 2819 \| 13:03:16 \| Annular \| 3\\.8N 1\\.7W \| \\-0\\.3075 \| 0\\.9502 \| 192 \| 6m 58s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801\\-2900/2819\\-07\\-13\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801-2900/2819-07-13.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 40 \| July 23, 2837 \| 19:31:12 \| Annular \| 3\\.5S 99\\.8W \| \\-0\\.3949 \| 0\\.9508 \| 196 \| 6m 47s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801\\-2900/2837\\-07\\-23\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801-2900/2837-07-23.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 41 \| August 4, 2855 \| 2:02:02 \| Annular \| 11\\.3S 160\\.5E \| \\-0\\.4802 \| 0\\.951 \| 204 \| 6m 32s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801\\-2900/2855\\-08\\-04\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801-2900/2855-08-04.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 42 \| August 14, 2873 \| 8:34:15 \| Annular \| 19\\.8S 59\\.8E \| \\-0\\.5646 \| 0\\.9506 \| 218 \| 6m 12s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801\\-2900/2873\\-08\\-14\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801-2900/2873-08-14.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 43 \| August 25, 2891 \| 15:12:39 \| Annular \| 28\\.6S 43\\.3W \| \\-0\\.6441 \| 0\\.9498 \| 238 \| 5m 52s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801\\-2900/2891\\-08\\-25\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801-2900/2891-08-25.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 44 \| September 5, 2909 \| 21:55:40 \| Annular \| 37\\.7S 148\\.5W \| \\-0\\.7198 \| 0\\.9486 \| 269 \| 5m 31s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901\\-3000/2909\\-09\\-05\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901-3000/2909-09-05.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 45 \| September 17, 2927 \| 4:46:05 \| Annular \| 47\\.1S 103\\.2E \| \\-0\\.7897 \| 0\\.947 \| 314 \| 5m 10s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901\\-3000/2927\\-09\\-17\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901-3000/2927-09-17.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 46 \| September 27, 2945 \| 11:43:51 \| Annular \| 56\\.6S 9\\.2W \| \\-0\\.8539 \| 0\\.9451 \| 387 \| 4m 50s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901\\-3000/2945\\-09\\-27\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901-3000/2945-09-27.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 47 \| October 8, 2963 \| 18:51:34 \| Annular \| 66S 129W \| \\-0\\.9105 \| 0\\.9428 \| 514 \| 4m 32s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901\\-3000/2963\\-10\\-08\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901-3000/2963-10-08.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 48 \| October 19, 2981 \| 2:08:17 \| Annular \| 74\\.1S 93\\.7E \| \\-0\\.96 \| 0\\.94 \| 820 \| 4m 14s \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901\\-3000/2981\\-10\\-19\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901-3000/2981-10-19.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 49 \| October 30, 2999 \| 9:34:33 \| AnnularNon\\-central \| 70\\.9S 84\\.7W \| \\-1\\.0023 \| 0\\.9586 \| \\- \| \\- \| [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901\\-3000/2999\\-10\\-30\\.gif](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2901-3000/2999-10-30.gif) \|\n\| 159 \| 50 \| November 10, 3017 \| 17:20:26 \| Partial \| 70\\.0S 149\\.2E \| \\-1\\.0372 \| 0\\.8987 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 51 \| November 22, 3035 \| 00:56:10 \| Partial \| 69\\.1S 21\\.3E \| \\-1\\.0649 \| 0\\.8511 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 52 \| December 2, 3053 \| 08:50:05 \| Partial \| 68\\.0S 108\\.0W \| \\-1\\.0866 \| 0\\.8142 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 53 \| December 13, 3071 \| 16:52:15 \| Partial \| 66\\.9S 121\\.2E \| \\-1\\.1023 \| 0\\.7874 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 54 \| December 24, 3089 \| 01:00:48 \| Partial \| 65\\.9S 10\\.7W \| \\-1\\.1136 \| 0\\.7683 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 55 \| January 5, 3108 \| 09:15:32 \| Partial \| 64\\.9S 143\\.7W \| \\-1\\.1207 \| 0\\.7566 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 56 \| January 15, 3126 \| 17:32:44 \| Partial \| 63\\.9S 83\\.0E \| \\-1\\.1266 \| 0\\.7472 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 57 \| January 27, 3144 \| 01:53:56 \| Partial \| 63\\.1S 50\\.9W \| \\-1\\.1302 \| 0\\.7416 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 58 \| February 6, 3162 \| 10:13:36 \| Partial \| 62\\.4S 175\\.7E \| \\-1\\.1352 \| 0\\.7337 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 59 \| February 17, 3180 \| 18:33:35 \| Partial \| 61\\.9S 72\\.5E \| \\-1\\.1408 \| 0\\.7250 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 60 \| February 28, 3198 \| 02:49:03 \| Partial \| 61\\.5S 89\\.4W \| \\-1\\.1507 \| 0\\.7087 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 61 \| March 10, 3216 \| 11:02:26 \| Partial \| 61\\.2S 139\\.3E \| \\-1\\.1629 \| 0\\.6883 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 62 \| March 21, 3216 \| 19:09:35 \| Partial \| 61\\.2S 9\\.5E \| \\-1\\.1811 \| 0\\.6574 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 63 \| April 1, 3252 \| 03:11:27 \| Partial \| 61\\.3S 118\\.9W \| \\-1\\.2039 \| 0\\.6178 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 64 \| April 12, 3270 \| 11:05:55 \| Partial \| 61\\.6S 114\\.5E \| \\-1\\.2333 \| 0\\.5662 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 65 \| April 22, 3288 \| 18:54:48 \| Partial \| 62\\.0S 10\\.8W \| \\-1\\.2678 \| 0\\.5048 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 66 \| May 5, 3306 \| 02:36:34 \| Partial \| 62\\.6S 134\\.5W \| \\-1\\.3088 \| 0\\.4309 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 67 \| May 15, 3324 \| 10:12:08 \| Partial \| 63\\.3S 103\\.1W \| \\-1\\.3555 \| 0\\.3458 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 68 \| May 26, 3342 \| 17:41:58 \| Partial \| 64\\.1S 18\\.0W \| \\-1\\.4075 \| 0\\.2501 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 69 \| June 6, 3360 \| 01:07:24 \| Partial \| 65\\.0S 138\\.3W \| \\-1\\.4633 \| 0\\.1464 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\| 159 \| 70 \| June 17, 3378 \| 08:27:56 \| Partial \| 65\\.9S 102\\.2E \| \\-1\\.5236 \| 0\\.0332 \| \\- \| \\- \| \|\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n* [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros159\\.html](http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros159.html)\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Saros cycle 159 \\- Information and visualization](http://www.solar-eclipse.de/en/saros/detail/159/)\n\n \n\n[Category:Solar saros series](/wiki/Category:Solar_saros_series \"Solar saros series\")\n\n" ] }
Mohamad Aziz	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "14.192.214.201" ] }	c345ppoqqgby9p1y7d920pa89uvf4qh	2024-05-29T10:50:14Z	1,208,092,436	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Death", "Election results", "Honours", "Honours of Malaysia", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nMohamad bin Aziz (29 July 1940 – 24 December 2020\\) was the Member of the [Parliament of Malaysia](/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia \"Parliament of Malaysia\") for the [Sri Gading](/wiki/Sri_Gading \"Sri Gading\") constituency in the state of [Johor](/wiki/Johor \"Johor\") from 1999 to 2013\\. He sat in Parliament as a member of the [United Malays National Organisation](/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation \"United Malays National Organisation\") (UMNO) party in the governing [Barisan Nasional](/wiki/Barisan_Nasional \"Barisan Nasional\") coalition. Percentage figures are calculated based on total turnout. Includes results from the [2004 election](/wiki/2004_Malaysian_general_election \"2004 Malaysian general election\"). Results from earlier elections are not available.\n\nMohamad was a member of the Executive Council (akin to a State [Cabinet](/wiki/Cabinet_%28government%29 \"Cabinet (government)\")) of Johor from 1990 to 1995 and the Johor State Government Information Chief from 1995 to 1999\\. In 1999 he was elected to Parliament for the Sri Gading constituency.\n\nMohamad caused controversy in 2009 when he called for two ministers in his [Barisan Nasional](/wiki/Barisan_Nasional \"Barisan Nasional\") government to resign. In June 2012, he called in Parliament for the execution for treason of the electoral reform activist [Ambiga Sreenevasan](/wiki/Ambiga_Sreenevasan \"Ambiga Sreenevasan\").\n\nHis parliamentary career ended in 2013, when UMNO selected another candidate to contest the Sri Gading constituency. After the 2013 election, he was appointed as the Speaker of the [Johor State Legislative Assembly](/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly \"Johor State Legislative Assembly\").\n\nHe was also Umno Malaysia Deputy Permanent Chairman since 2008\\.\n\n", "Death\n-----\n\nMohamad Aziz died on 24 December 2020 at the age of 80\\. He was laid to rest in the burial grounds at Bukit Aliff Muslim cemetery, [Johor Bahru](/wiki/Johor_Bahru \"Johor Bahru\").\n\n", "Election results\n----------------\n\n\| \\+ [Parliament of Malaysia](/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat \"Dewan Rakyat\") \| Year \| Constituency \|Candidate\n\n Votes \|\n Pct \|\nOpponent(s)\n\n Votes \|\n Pct \|\n Ballots cast \|\n Majority \|\n Turnout \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| [1999](/wiki/1999_Malaysian_general_election \"1999 Malaysian general election\") \| P149 [Sri Gading](/wiki/Sri_Gading_%28federal_constituency%29 \"Sri Gading (federal constituency)\"), Johor \|\n\n ([UMNO](/wiki/UMNO \"UMNO\")) \|\n29,156\n\n 71\\.54% \|\n\n [Khalid Samad](/wiki/Khalid_Samad \"Khalid Samad\") ([PAS](/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Party \"Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party\")) \|\n11,598\n\n 28\\.46% \|\n 41,687 \|\n 17,558 \|\n 74\\.82% \|\n\| [2004](/wiki/2004_Malaysian_general_election \"2004 Malaysian general election\") \|\n\n ([UMNO](/wiki/UMNO \"UMNO\")) \|\n21,512\n\n 80\\.18% \|\n\n Ahmad Faidhi Saidi ([PKR](/wiki/Keadilan \"Keadilan\")) \|\n5,316\n\n 19\\.82% \|\n 26,828 \|\n 16,196 \|\n 74\\.92% \|\n\| [2008](/wiki/2008_Malaysian_general_election \"2008 Malaysian general election\") \|\n\n ([UMNO](/wiki/UMNO \"UMNO\")) \|\n19,641\n\n 69\\.14% \|\n\n Ali Markom ([PKR](/wiki/Keadilan \"Keadilan\")) \|\n8,767\n\n 30\\.86% \|\n 29,266 \|\n 10,874 \|\n 79\\.43% \|\n\n\| \\+ [Johor State Legislative Assembly](/wiki/Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly \"Johor State Legislative Assembly\") Percentage figures based on total turnout, including votes for third parties. Results before [1986 election](/wiki/Malaysian_General_Election%2C_1986 \"Malaysian General Election, 1986\") unavailable. Results only available from the [2004 election](/wiki/2004_Malaysian_general_election \"2004 Malaysian general election\"). \| Year \| Constituency \|Candidate\n\n Votes \|\n Pct \|\nOpponent(s)\n\n Votes \|\n Pct \|\n Ballots cast \|\n Majority \|\n Turnout \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| [1986](/wiki/1986_Malaysian_general_election \"1986 Malaysian general election\") \|N19 [Parit Yaani](/wiki/Parit_Yaani_%28state_constituency%29 \"Parit Yaani (state constituency)\")\n\n Mohamad Aziz ([UMNO](/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation \"United Malays National Organisation\")) \|\nNone\n\n None \|\n \| \| \| \| \| \| \|\n\| [1990](/wiki/1990_Malaysian_general_election \"1990 Malaysian general election\") \|\n\n Mohamad Aziz ([UMNO](/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation \"United Malays National Organisation\")) \|\n10,244\n\n N/A \|\n\n Mohd Saidi Taul ([S46](/wiki/Parti_Melayu_Semangat_46 \"Parti Melayu Semangat 46\")) \|\n3,924\n\n N/A \|\n 14,938 \|\n 6,320 \|\n 74\\.53% \|\n\| [1995](/wiki/1995_Malaysian_general_election \"1995 Malaysian general election\") \|\n\n Mohamad Aziz ([UMNO](/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation \"United Malays National Organisation\")) \|\n15,713\n\n N/A \|\n\n Mohd Said Jamhari ([S46](/wiki/Parti_Melayu_Semangat_46 \"Parti Melayu Semangat 46\")) \|\n2,348\n\n N/A \|\n 18,709 \|\n 13,365 \|\n 73\\.27% \|\n\n", "Honours\n-------\n\n### Honours of Malaysia\n\n* :\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:MY_Darjah_Yang_Mulia_Pangkuan_Negara_%28Defender_of_the_Realm%29_-_SMN.svg \"MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg\") Medallist of the [Order of the Defender of the Realm](/wiki/Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm \"Order of the Defender of the Realm\") (PPN) (1976\\)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:MY_Darjah_Yang_Mulia_Pangkuan_Negara_%28Defender_of_the_Realm%29_-_SMN.svg \"MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg\") Member of the [Order of the Defender of the Realm](/wiki/Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm%23Member \"Order of the Defender of the Realm#Member\") (AMN) (1979\\)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:Kesatria_Mangku_Negara.png \"Kesatria Mangku Negara.png\") Officer of the [Order of the Defender of the Realm](/wiki/Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm%23Officer \"Order of the Defender of the Realm#Officer\") (KMN) (1989\\)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:MY_Darjah_Jasa_Negara_-_Order_of_Meritorious_Service_-_PJN.svg \"MY Darjah Jasa Negara - Order of Meritorious Service - PJN.svg\") Commander of the [Order of Meritorious Service](/wiki/Order_of_Meritorious_Service%23Commander \"Order of Meritorious Service#Commander\") (PJN) – Datuk (1996\\)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:Order_of_Loyalty_to_the_Crown_of_Malaysia_-_PSM.svg \"Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - PSM.svg\") Commander of the [Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia](/wiki/Order_of_Loyalty_to_the_Crown_of_Malaysia%23Commander \"Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia#Commander\") (PSM) – Tan Sri (2014\\)\n* :\n\t+ [50px\\\|Sultan Ibrahim Medal](/wiki/File:Sultan_Ibrahim_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.gif \"Sultan Ibrahim Coronation Medal ribbon.gif\") Second Class of the [Sultan Ibrahim Medal](/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_%28Johor%29 \"List of post-nominal letters (Johor)\") (PIS II)\n\t+ [50px\\\|Star of Sultan Ismail](/wiki/File:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_2006.svg \"My-KEL Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan 2006.svg\") Second Class of the [Star of Sultan Ismail](/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_%28Johor%29 \"List of post-nominal letters (Johor)\") (BSI II)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:Most_Honourable_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Johor_-_ribbon_bar.png \"Most Honourable Order of the Crown of Johor - ribbon bar.png\") Companion of the [Order of the Crown of Johor](/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Johor \"Order of the Crown of Johor\") (SMJ) (1992\\)\n", "### Honours of Malaysia\n\n* :\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:MY_Darjah_Yang_Mulia_Pangkuan_Negara_%28Defender_of_the_Realm%29_-_SMN.svg \"MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg\") Medallist of the [Order of the Defender of the Realm](/wiki/Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm \"Order of the Defender of the Realm\") (PPN) (1976\\)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:MY_Darjah_Yang_Mulia_Pangkuan_Negara_%28Defender_of_the_Realm%29_-_SMN.svg \"MY Darjah Yang Mulia Pangkuan Negara (Defender of the Realm) - SMN.svg\") Member of the [Order of the Defender of the Realm](/wiki/Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm%23Member \"Order of the Defender of the Realm#Member\") (AMN) (1979\\)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:Kesatria_Mangku_Negara.png \"Kesatria Mangku Negara.png\") Officer of the [Order of the Defender of the Realm](/wiki/Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm%23Officer \"Order of the Defender of the Realm#Officer\") (KMN) (1989\\)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:MY_Darjah_Jasa_Negara_-_Order_of_Meritorious_Service_-_PJN.svg \"MY Darjah Jasa Negara - Order of Meritorious Service - PJN.svg\") Commander of the [Order of Meritorious Service](/wiki/Order_of_Meritorious_Service%23Commander \"Order of Meritorious Service#Commander\") (PJN) – Datuk (1996\\)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:Order_of_Loyalty_to_the_Crown_of_Malaysia_-_PSM.svg \"Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia - PSM.svg\") Commander of the [Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia](/wiki/Order_of_Loyalty_to_the_Crown_of_Malaysia%23Commander \"Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia#Commander\") (PSM) – Tan Sri (2014\\)\n* :\n\t+ [50px\\\|Sultan Ibrahim Medal](/wiki/File:Sultan_Ibrahim_Coronation_Medal_ribbon.gif \"Sultan Ibrahim Coronation Medal ribbon.gif\") Second Class of the [Sultan Ibrahim Medal](/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_%28Johor%29 \"List of post-nominal letters (Johor)\") (PIS II)\n\t+ [50px\\\|Star of Sultan Ismail](/wiki/File:My-KEL_Order_of_the_Life_of_the_Crown_of_Kelantan_2006.svg \"My-KEL Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan 2006.svg\") Second Class of the [Star of Sultan Ismail](/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_%28Johor%29 \"List of post-nominal letters (Johor)\") (BSI II)\n\t+ [50px](/wiki/File:Most_Honourable_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Johor_-_ribbon_bar.png \"Most Honourable Order of the Crown of Johor - ribbon bar.png\") Companion of the [Order of the Crown of Johor](/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Johor \"Order of the Crown of Johor\") (SMJ) (1992\\)\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:1940 births](/wiki/Category:1940_births \"1940 births\")\n[Category:2020 deaths](/wiki/Category:2020_deaths \"2020 deaths\")\n[Category:People from Batu Pahat](/wiki/Category:People_from_Batu_Pahat \"People from Batu Pahat\")\n[Category:Members of the Dewan Rakyat](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat \"Members of the Dewan Rakyat\")\n[Category:Members of the Johor State Legislative Assembly](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly \"Members of the Johor State Legislative Assembly\")\n[Category:United Malays National Organisation politicians](/wiki/Category:United_Malays_National_Organisation_politicians \"United Malays National Organisation politicians\")\n[Category:Malaysian people of Malay descent](/wiki/Category:Malaysian_people_of_Malay_descent \"Malaysian people of Malay descent\")\n[Category:Speakers of the Johor State Legislative Assembly](/wiki/Category:Speakers_of_the_Johor_State_Legislative_Assembly \"Speakers of the Johor State Legislative Assembly\")\n[Category:Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia](/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Order_of_Loyalty_to_the_Crown_of_Malaysia \"Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia\")\n[Category:Commanders of the Order of Meritorious Service](/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Order_of_Meritorious_Service \"Commanders of the Order of Meritorious Service\")\n[Category:Companions of the Order of the Crown of Johor](/wiki/Category:Companions_of_the_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Johor \"Companions of the Order of the Crown of Johor\")\n[Category:Officers of the Order of the Defender of the Realm](/wiki/Category:Officers_of_the_Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm \"Officers of the Order of the Defender of the Realm\")\n[Category:Members of the Order of the Defender of the Realm](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm \"Members of the Order of the Defender of the Realm\")\n[Category:Medallists of the Order of the Defender of the Realm](/wiki/Category:Medallists_of_the_Order_of_the_Defender_of_the_Realm \"Medallists of the Order of the Defender of the Realm\")\n\n" ] }
Systems Biology Ireland	{ "id": [ 27015025 ], "name": [ "InternetArchiveBot" ] }	mw56dvlpm41dv02rh9pc93x4huj0s5y	2023-01-21T00:14:10Z	1,134,791,539	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nSystems Biology Ireland (SBI) is a [Science Foundation Ireland](/wiki/Science_Foundation_Ireland \"Science Foundation Ireland\")\\-funded centre for science, engineering and technology research. It is an initiative between [University College Dublin](/wiki/University_College_Dublin \"University College Dublin\") (UCD) and [University of Galway](/wiki/University_of_Galway \"University of Galway\") (UCG).[Collaborative programmes \\- SBI](https://web.archive.org/web/20091120075505/http://www.ucd.ie/research/success/majorcollaborativeprogrammes/sbi/) ucd.ie It is based on the [Belfield](/wiki/Belfield%2C_Dublin \"Belfield, Dublin\") campus of UCD, and works in the areas of [systems biology](/wiki/Systems_biology \"Systems biology\"), [systems medicine](/wiki/Systems_medicine \"Systems medicine\") and [personalised medicine](/wiki/Personalised_medicine \"Personalised medicine\").\n\nSBI designs new therapeutic approaches to cancer, its research enabling the development of technologies that can be used for early identification of responsive patient groups and accelerated discovery of new combination therapies.[SBI Home page](http://www.ucd.ie/sbi/) ucd.ie\n\nPeople associated with SBI include its director Prof. Walter Kolch and deputy director Prof. [Boris Kholodenko](/wiki/Boris_Kholodenko \"Boris Kholodenko\")[SBI Principal Investigators](http://www.ucd.ie/sbi/team/principalinvestigators/) ucd.ie\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [SBI webpage](http://www.ucd.ie/sbi)\n\n[Category:Systems biology](/wiki/Category:Systems_biology \"Systems biology\")\n[Category:Systems science institutes](/wiki/Category:Systems_science_institutes \"Systems science institutes\")\n[Category:Medical research institutes in the Republic of Ireland](/wiki/Category:Medical_research_institutes_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Medical research institutes in the Republic of Ireland\")\n[Category:University College Dublin](/wiki/Category:University_College_Dublin \"University College Dublin\")\n[Category:Belfield, Dublin](/wiki/Category:Belfield%2C_Dublin \"Belfield, Dublin\")\n[Category:University of Galway](/wiki/Category:University_of_Galway \"University of Galway\")\n[Category:Organizations established in 2009](/wiki/Category:Organizations_established_in_2009 \"Organizations established in 2009\")\n\n" ] }
Nonthaburi F.C.	{ "id": [ 43290483 ], "name": [ "Storchy" ] }	r3u7gf38sj99bji1hk6bu126bnzlboq	2022-10-19T05:21:35Z	1,077,461,066	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Timeline", "Stadium and locations", "Season by season record", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nNonthaburi Football Club (), is a Thai [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") club based in [Nonthaburi Province](/wiki/Nonthaburi_Province \"Nonthaburi Province\"). They play in [Thai League 3](/wiki/Thai_League_3 \"Thai League 3\") BKK\\-perimeter\n\n", "Timeline\n--------\n\nHistory of events of Nonthaburi Football Club\n\n\| Year \| Important Events \|\n\| --- \| --- \|\n\| 2010 \| The club is formed as Nonthaburi Football Club, nicknamed The Crows Club admitted to the Regional League Bangkok \\& field Division Home games to be played at King Rama 9 Commemorative Stadium Somboon Ekkawan named as the first ever coach of Nonthaburi \|\n\|\n\n\| Year \| Important Events \|\n\| --- \| --- \|\n\| 2011 \| The club move from the Rama 9 Stadium to Nonthaburi Provincial Stadium \|\n\|\n\n", "Stadium and locations\n---------------------\n\n\| Coordinates \| Location \| Stadium \| Year \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| \| [Nonthaburi](/wiki/Nonthaburi_Province \"Nonthaburi Province\") \| [Nonthaburi Youth Centre Stadium](/wiki/Nonthaburi_Youth_Centre_Stadium \"Nonthaburi Youth Centre Stadium\") \| 2010–2011 \|\n\| \| [Nonthaburi](/wiki/Nonthaburi_Province \"Nonthaburi Province\") \| [Nonthaburi Provincial Stadium (Wat Bot Don Prom)](/wiki/Nonthaburi_Provincial_Stadium_%28Wat_Bot_Don_Prom%29 \"Nonthaburi Provincial Stadium (Wat Bot Don Prom)\") \| 2011–2015 \|\n\| \| [Nonthaburi](/wiki/Nonthaburi_Province \"Nonthaburi Province\") \| [Nonthaburi Province Stadium](/wiki/Nonthaburi_Province_Stadium \"Nonthaburi Province Stadium\") \| 2016–2017 \|\n\|\n\n", "Season by season record\n-----------------------\n\n\|Season\n\nLeague\n\n[FA Cup](/wiki/Thailand_FA_Cup \"Thailand FA Cup\")\n\n[League Cup](/wiki/Thai_League_Cup \"Thai League Cup\")\n\nTop goalscorer\n\n\| \|\n\| Division \| P \| W \| D \| L \| F \| A \| Pts \| Pos \| Name \| Goals \|\n\| 2010 \| [Bangkok](/wiki/2010_Thai_Division_2_League_Bangkok_%26_field_Region \"2010 Thai Division 2 League Bangkok & field Region\") \| 24 \| 13 \| 7 \| 4 \| 35 \| 23 \| 46 \| 3rd \| \| \| \| \|\n\| 2011 \| [Bangkok](/wiki/2011_Thai_Division_2_League_Bangkok_%26_field_Region \"2011 Thai Division 2 League Bangkok & field Region\") \| 30 \| 12 \| 9 \| 9 \| 33 \| 31 \| 45 \| 8th \| \| \| \| \|\n\| 2012 \| [Bangkok](/wiki/2012_Thai_Division_2_League_Bangkok_%26_field_Region \"2012 Thai Division 2 League Bangkok & field Region\") \| 34 \| 3 \| 10 \| 21 \| 26 \| 59 \| 19 \| 18th \| \| \| \| \|\n\| 2013 \| [Bangkok](/wiki/2013_Thai_Division_2_League_Bangkok_%26_field_Region \"2013 Thai Division 2 League Bangkok & field Region\") \| 26 \| 9 \| 3 \| 14 \| 34 \| 40 \| 30 \| 11th \| \| \| \| \|\n\| 2014 \| [Central \\& West](/wiki/2014_Thai_Division_2_League_Central_%26_Western_Region \"2014 Thai Division 2 League Central & Western Region\") \| 26 \| 6 \| 9 \| 11 \| 23 \| 31 \| 27 \| 11th \| \| \| \| \|\n\| 2015 \| [Central \\& West](/wiki/2015_Thai_Division_2_League_Central_%26_Western_Region \"2015 Thai Division 2 League Central & Western Region\") \| 24 \| 3 \| 5 \| 16 \| 20 \| 47 \| 14 \| 13th \| [R3](/wiki/2015_Thai_FA_Cup \"2015 Thai FA Cup\") \| [1st Qualification](/wiki/2015_Thai_League_Cup \"2015 Thai League Cup\") \| \| \|\n\| 2016 \| [West](/wiki/2016_Thai_Division_2_League_Western_Region \"2016 Thai Division 2 League Western Region\") \| 22 \| 9 \| 5 \| 8 \| 28 \| 28 \| 32 \| 6th \| [R3](/wiki/2016_Thai_FA_Cup \"2016 Thai FA Cup\") \| [1st Qualification](/wiki/2016_Thai_League_Cup \"2016 Thai League Cup\") \| \| \|\n\| 2017 \| [T4 West](/wiki/2017_Thai_League_4_Western_Region \"2017 Thai League 4 Western Region\") \| 27 \| 7 \| 5 \| 15 \| 32 \| 50 \| 26 \| 9th \| Not Enter \| [1st Qualification](/wiki/2017_Thai_League_Cup \"2017 Thai League Cup\") \| Opara Kingsley \| 11 \|\n\| 2018 \| [T4 West](/wiki/2018_Thai_League_4_Western_Region \"2018 Thai League 4 Western Region\") \| 24 \| 5 \| 6 \| 13 \| 17 \| 35 \| 21 \|8th\n\n [R1](/wiki/2018_Thai_FA_Cup \"2018 Thai FA Cup\") \|\n [1st Qualification](/wiki/2018_Thai_League_Cup \"2018 Thai League Cup\") \|\n \|\n \|\n\|\n\n\|Champions\n\nRunners\\-up\n\n[Promoted](/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation \"Promotion and relegation\")\n\n[Relegated](/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation \"Promotion and relegation\")\n\n\| \|\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official Website](http://www.nonthaburifc.com/)\n\n[Category:Association football clubs established in 2010](/wiki/Category:Association_football_clubs_established_in_2010 \"Association football clubs established in 2010\")\n[Category:Football clubs in Thailand](/wiki/Category:Football_clubs_in_Thailand \"Football clubs in Thailand\")\n[Category:Sport in Nonthaburi province](/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Nonthaburi_province \"Sport in Nonthaburi province\")\n[Category:2010 establishments in Thailand](/wiki/Category:2010_establishments_in_Thailand \"2010 establishments in Thailand\")\n\n" ] }
Cyber Coach	{ "id": [ 923266 ], "name": [ "Phediuk" ] }	dnc7llo6hla1hj2u3nosz1cyy63cj33	2024-09-09T16:55:51Z	1,210,041,722	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\nCyber Coach is a Virtual Dance Instructor and [Dance Mat](/wiki/Dance_pad \"Dance pad\") system created by Quick Controls Ltd of [Bolton](/wiki/Bolton \"Bolton\"), UK.\n\nThe system comprises a [touch screen](/wiki/Touch_screen \"Touch screen\") controller, a [projector](/wiki/Image_projector \"Image projector\"), [sound system](/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system \"Sound reinforcement system\") and some [dance pads](/wiki/Dance_pad \"Dance pad\").\n\nThe [dance pads](/wiki/Dance_pad \"Dance pad\") are [wireless](/wiki/Wireless \"Wireless\") and can be used to play one of several [games](/wiki/Game \"Game\") including: Space Blaster, Disco Disco, Nimbler Numbers and Wiggle.\n\nThe system was shortlisted for a [BETT](/wiki/BETT \"BETT\") Award in 2009 [http://www.bettshow.com/page.cfm/T\\=m/Action\\=Press/PressID\\=139](http://www.bettshow.com/page.cfm/T=m/Action=Press/PressID=139) and won a National Business Award for Innovation in 2009\\.\n\nLancashire Grid for Learning undertook a comprehensive review of the system in 2009 and endorsed the system to their schools.\n\nA version for primary schools called \"Cyber Coach Smart\" has been launched.\n\nIn 2017, Cyber Coach and [Manchester Metropolitan University](/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University \"Manchester Metropolitan University\") launched [Emile Education](/wiki/Emile_Education \"Emile Education\")\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Dance education](/wiki/Category:Dance_education \"Dance education\")\n[Category:Dance video games](/wiki/Category:Dance_video_games \"Dance video games\")\n[Category:Music video games](/wiki/Category:Music_video_games \"Music video games\")\n[Category:Video games developed in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Video_games_developed_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Video games developed in the United Kingdom\")\n\n" ] }
[[Rhiannon]]	{ "id": [ 27335766 ], "name": [ "Leschnei" ] }	n8yeseylmtq7whbz7z33w1t4nfhmgwt	2023-04-02T22:50:39Z	1,146,408,699	{ "title": [ "[[Rhiannon]]", "See also" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "[Rhiannon](/wiki/Rhiannon \"Rhiannon\") is a queen in Welsh mythology.\n\nRhiannon may also refer to:\n\n* [Rhiannon (given name)](/wiki/Rhiannon_%28given_name%29 \"Rhiannon (given name)\"), a Welsh given name\n* [\"Rhiannon\" (song)](/wiki/Rhiannon_%28song%29 \"Rhiannon (song)\"), a 1975 Fleetwood Mac song\n* [Rhiannon: Curse of the Four Branches](/wiki/Rhiannon:Curse_of_the_Four_Branches \"Curse of the Four Branches\"), a 2008 video adventure game\n* [16912 Rhiannon](/wiki/16912_Rhiannon \"16912 Rhiannon\"), an asteroid discovered in 1998\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Rhianna](/wiki/Rhianna \"Rhianna\"), variant feminine given name\n\n" ] }
2010 Belgian Figure Skating Championships	{ "id": [ 43641333 ], "name": [ "Nmarshall25" ] }	9wjl849o2z64p84mvmh33jk7xkagwt7	2023-02-28T04:55:16Z	964,430,610	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Senior results", "Men", "Ladies", "Junior results", "Men", "Ladies", "Novice results", "Girls", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe 2010 [Belgian Figure Skating Championships](/wiki/Belgian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"Belgian Figure Skating Championships\") (; ) took place between 20 and 21 November 2009 in [Liège](/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge \"Liège\"). Skaters competed in the disciplines of [men's singles and ladies' singles](/wiki/Single_skating \"Single skating\") across the levels of senior, junior, novice, as well as the age\\-group levels of minime/miniem A, B, and C.\n\nSkaters from Austria and South Africa competed as guest skaters and their results were discounted from the final results.\n\n", "Senior results\n--------------\n\n### Men\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| \| [Manuel Koll](/wiki/Manuel_Koll \"Manuel Koll\") \| \| 158\\.93 \| 1 \| 55\\.50 \| 2 \| 103\\.43 \|\n\| 1 \| [Jorik Hendrickx](/wiki/Jorik_Hendrickx \"Jorik Hendrickx\") \| NOT \| 146\\.53 \| 3 \| 42\\.44 \| 1 \| 104\\.09 \|\n\| 2 \| [Ruben Blommaert](/wiki/Ruben_Blommaert \"Ruben Blommaert\") \| GSK \| 138\\.69 \| 2 \| 48\\.56 \| 3 \| 90\\.13 \|\n\|\n\n### Ladies\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| [Isabelle Pieman](/wiki/Isabelle_Pieman \"Isabelle Pieman\") \| RBI \| 115\\.83 \| 1 \| 43\\.46 \| 1 \| 72\\.37 \|\n\| 2 \| [Kaat Van Daele](/wiki/Kaat_Van_Daele \"Kaat Van Daele\") \| KHL \| 81\\.64 \| 2 \| 36\\.34 \| 3 \| 45\\.30 \|\n\| \| [Christina Grill](/wiki/Christina_Grill \"Christina Grill\") \| \| 76\\.83 \| 3 \| 29\\.92 \| 2 \| 46\\.91 \|\n\| \| [Kim Falconer](/wiki/Kim_Falconer \"Kim Falconer\") \| \| 68\\.72 \| 4 \| 26\\.94 \| 4 \| 41\\.78 \|\n\| WD \| [Manon Van Huijgevoort](/wiki/Manon_Van_Huijgevoort \"Manon Van Huijgevoort\") \| TKV \| \| 5 \| 22\\.66 \| \| \|\n\|\n\n* WD \\= Withdrawn\n", "### Men\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| \| [Manuel Koll](/wiki/Manuel_Koll \"Manuel Koll\") \| \| 158\\.93 \| 1 \| 55\\.50 \| 2 \| 103\\.43 \|\n\| 1 \| [Jorik Hendrickx](/wiki/Jorik_Hendrickx \"Jorik Hendrickx\") \| NOT \| 146\\.53 \| 3 \| 42\\.44 \| 1 \| 104\\.09 \|\n\| 2 \| [Ruben Blommaert](/wiki/Ruben_Blommaert \"Ruben Blommaert\") \| GSK \| 138\\.69 \| 2 \| 48\\.56 \| 3 \| 90\\.13 \|\n\|\n\n", "### Ladies\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| [Isabelle Pieman](/wiki/Isabelle_Pieman \"Isabelle Pieman\") \| RBI \| 115\\.83 \| 1 \| 43\\.46 \| 1 \| 72\\.37 \|\n\| 2 \| [Kaat Van Daele](/wiki/Kaat_Van_Daele \"Kaat Van Daele\") \| KHL \| 81\\.64 \| 2 \| 36\\.34 \| 3 \| 45\\.30 \|\n\| \| [Christina Grill](/wiki/Christina_Grill \"Christina Grill\") \| \| 76\\.83 \| 3 \| 29\\.92 \| 2 \| 46\\.91 \|\n\| \| [Kim Falconer](/wiki/Kim_Falconer \"Kim Falconer\") \| \| 68\\.72 \| 4 \| 26\\.94 \| 4 \| 41\\.78 \|\n\| WD \| [Manon Van Huijgevoort](/wiki/Manon_Van_Huijgevoort \"Manon Van Huijgevoort\") \| TKV \| \| 5 \| 22\\.66 \| \| \|\n\|\n\n* WD \\= Withdrawn\n", "Junior results\n--------------\n\n### Men\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| [Jonas Sleven](/wiki/Jonas_Sleven \"Jonas Sleven\") \| NLL \| 53\\.52 \| 1 \| 18\\.80 \| 1 \| 34\\.72 \|\n\|\n\n### Ladies\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| [Ira Vannut](/wiki/Ira_Vannut \"Ira Vannut\") \| HSK \| 129\\.12 \| 1 \| 47\\.96 \| 1 \| 81\\.16 \|\n\| \| [Ines Wohlmuth](/wiki/Ines_Wohlmuth \"Ines Wohlmuth\") \| \| 87\\.51 \| 2 \| 32\\.32 \| 2 \| 55\\.19 \|\n\| 2 \| [Amelie Pierre](/wiki/Amelie_Pierre \"Amelie Pierre\") \| ARA \| 82\\.40 \| 3 \| 30\\.94 \| 3 \| 51\\.46 \|\n\| 3 \| [Monique Maas](/wiki/Monique_Maas \"Monique Maas\") \| NOT \| 75\\.61 \| 7 \| 28\\.08 \| 6 \| 47\\.53 \|\n\| 4 \| [Manon Van Engelant](/wiki/Manon_Van_Engelant \"Manon Van Engelant\") \| NLL \| 75\\.37 \| 4 \| 29\\.58 \| 9 \| 45\\.79 \|\n\| 5 \| [Laura Maes](/wiki/Laura_Maes \"Laura Maes\") \| NLL \| 75\\.31 \| 8 \| 25\\.98 \| 4 \| 49\\.33 \|\n\| \| [Victoria Kafol](/wiki/Victoria_Kafol \"Victoria Kafol\") \| \| 75\\.18 \| 5 \| 28\\.34 \| 7 \| 46\\.84 \|\n\| 6 \| [Rebecca Nuyttens](/wiki/Rebecca_Nuyttens \"Rebecca Nuyttens\") \| GSK \| 74\\.70 \| 9 \| 25\\.70 \| 5 \| 49\\.00 \|\n\| 7 \| [Giselle Van Dongen](/wiki/Giselle_Van_Dongen \"Giselle Van Dongen\") \| NOT \| 74\\.06 \| 6 \| 28\\.20 \| 8 \| 45\\.86 \|\n\| 8 \| [Savannah Blaton](/wiki/Savannah_Blaton \"Savannah Blaton\") \| FSC \| 64\\.08 \| 10 \| 25\\.42 \| 10 \| 38\\.66 \|\n\| 9 \| [Gaëlle Van Engelant](/wiki/Ga%C3%ABlle_Van_Engelant \"Gaëlle Van Engelant\") \| NLL \| 62\\.38 \| 11 \| 24\\.34 \| 11 \| 38\\.04 \|\n\| 10 \| [Mireille Mostaert](/wiki/Mireille_Mostaert \"Mireille Mostaert\") \| GSK \| 57\\.16 \| 12 \| 21\\.80 \| 13 \| 35\\.36 \|\n\| 11 \| [Shana De Vetter](/wiki/Shana_De_Vetter \"Shana De Vetter\") \| GSK \| 56\\.35 \| 13 \| 20\\.06 \| 12 \| 36\\.29 \|\n\| 12 \| [Yathi Riskin](/wiki/Yathi_Riskin \"Yathi Riskin\") \| KPL \| 53\\.84 \| 15 \| 19\\.16 \| 14 \| 34\\.68 \|\n\| 13 \| [Lise Vaes](/wiki/Lise_Vaes \"Lise Vaes\") \| HSK \| 48\\.23 \| 14 \| 19\\.96 \| 15 \| 28\\.27 \|\n\|\n\n", "### Men\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| [Jonas Sleven](/wiki/Jonas_Sleven \"Jonas Sleven\") \| NLL \| 53\\.52 \| 1 \| 18\\.80 \| 1 \| 34\\.72 \|\n\|\n\n", "### Ladies\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| [Ira Vannut](/wiki/Ira_Vannut \"Ira Vannut\") \| HSK \| 129\\.12 \| 1 \| 47\\.96 \| 1 \| 81\\.16 \|\n\| \| [Ines Wohlmuth](/wiki/Ines_Wohlmuth \"Ines Wohlmuth\") \| \| 87\\.51 \| 2 \| 32\\.32 \| 2 \| 55\\.19 \|\n\| 2 \| [Amelie Pierre](/wiki/Amelie_Pierre \"Amelie Pierre\") \| ARA \| 82\\.40 \| 3 \| 30\\.94 \| 3 \| 51\\.46 \|\n\| 3 \| [Monique Maas](/wiki/Monique_Maas \"Monique Maas\") \| NOT \| 75\\.61 \| 7 \| 28\\.08 \| 6 \| 47\\.53 \|\n\| 4 \| [Manon Van Engelant](/wiki/Manon_Van_Engelant \"Manon Van Engelant\") \| NLL \| 75\\.37 \| 4 \| 29\\.58 \| 9 \| 45\\.79 \|\n\| 5 \| [Laura Maes](/wiki/Laura_Maes \"Laura Maes\") \| NLL \| 75\\.31 \| 8 \| 25\\.98 \| 4 \| 49\\.33 \|\n\| \| [Victoria Kafol](/wiki/Victoria_Kafol \"Victoria Kafol\") \| \| 75\\.18 \| 5 \| 28\\.34 \| 7 \| 46\\.84 \|\n\| 6 \| [Rebecca Nuyttens](/wiki/Rebecca_Nuyttens \"Rebecca Nuyttens\") \| GSK \| 74\\.70 \| 9 \| 25\\.70 \| 5 \| 49\\.00 \|\n\| 7 \| [Giselle Van Dongen](/wiki/Giselle_Van_Dongen \"Giselle Van Dongen\") \| NOT \| 74\\.06 \| 6 \| 28\\.20 \| 8 \| 45\\.86 \|\n\| 8 \| [Savannah Blaton](/wiki/Savannah_Blaton \"Savannah Blaton\") \| FSC \| 64\\.08 \| 10 \| 25\\.42 \| 10 \| 38\\.66 \|\n\| 9 \| [Gaëlle Van Engelant](/wiki/Ga%C3%ABlle_Van_Engelant \"Gaëlle Van Engelant\") \| NLL \| 62\\.38 \| 11 \| 24\\.34 \| 11 \| 38\\.04 \|\n\| 10 \| [Mireille Mostaert](/wiki/Mireille_Mostaert \"Mireille Mostaert\") \| GSK \| 57\\.16 \| 12 \| 21\\.80 \| 13 \| 35\\.36 \|\n\| 11 \| [Shana De Vetter](/wiki/Shana_De_Vetter \"Shana De Vetter\") \| GSK \| 56\\.35 \| 13 \| 20\\.06 \| 12 \| 36\\.29 \|\n\| 12 \| [Yathi Riskin](/wiki/Yathi_Riskin \"Yathi Riskin\") \| KPL \| 53\\.84 \| 15 \| 19\\.16 \| 14 \| 34\\.68 \|\n\| 13 \| [Lise Vaes](/wiki/Lise_Vaes \"Lise Vaes\") \| HSK \| 48\\.23 \| 14 \| 19\\.96 \| 15 \| 28\\.27 \|\n\|\n\n", "Novice results\n--------------\n\n### Girls\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| [Eline Anthonissen](/wiki/Eline_Anthonissen \"Eline Anthonissen\") \| WKA \| 83\\.81 \| 3 \| 29\\.56 \| 1 \| 54\\.25 \|\n\| \| [Isabella Schuster](/wiki/Isabella_Schuster \"Isabella Schuster\") \| \| 82\\.49 \| 2 \| 32\\.88 \| 2 \| 49\\.61 \|\n\| 2 \| [Anaïs Claes](/wiki/Ana%C3%AFs_Claes \"Anaïs Claes\") \| HSK \| 82\\.42 \| 1 \| 32\\.98 \| 3 \| 49\\.44 \|\n\| 3 \| [Lieselotte Swerts](/wiki/Lieselotte_Swerts \"Lieselotte Swerts\") \| HSK \| 72\\.63 \| 4 \| 25\\.98 \| 4 \| 46\\.65 \|\n\| 4 \| [Chantal Maas](/wiki/Chantal_Maas \"Chantal Maas\") \| NOT \| 67\\.73 \| 5 \| 22\\.66 \| 5 \| 45\\.07 \|\n\| 5 \| [Clara Quinet](/wiki/Clara_Quinet \"Clara Quinet\") \| CPL \| 61\\.42 \| 9 \| 19\\.68 \| 7 \| 41\\.74 \|\n\| 6 \| [Denice Van Dijk](/wiki/Denice_Van_Dijk \"Denice Van Dijk\") \| TKV \| 61\\.31 \| 10 \| 18\\.98 \| 6 \| 42\\.33 \|\n\| 7 \| [Rani Vanhee](/wiki/Rani_Vanhee \"Rani Vanhee\") \| FSC \| 55\\.69 \| 6 \| 22\\.06 \| 9 \| 33\\.63 \|\n\| 8 \| [Charlotte Van Der Kar](/wiki/Charlotte_Van_Der_Kar \"Charlotte Van Der Kar\") \| KHL \| 54\\.14 \| 8 \| 20\\.92 \| 10 \| 33\\.22 \|\n\| 9 \| [Kelly Belde](/wiki/Kelly_Belde \"Kelly Belde\") \| WKA \| 53\\.65 \| 7 \| 21\\.34 \| 11 \| 32\\.31 \|\n\| 10 \| [Eva Bossaerts](/wiki/Eva_Bossaerts \"Eva Bossaerts\") \| KSK \| 50\\.44 \| 11 \| 16\\.14 \| 8 \| 34\\.30 \|\n\|\n\n", "### Girls\n\n\| Rank \| Name \| Club \| Total points \| [SP](/wiki/Short_program_%28figure_skating%29 \"Short program (figure skating)\") \| \| [FS](/wiki/Free_skating \"Free skating\") \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| [Eline Anthonissen](/wiki/Eline_Anthonissen \"Eline Anthonissen\") \| WKA \| 83\\.81 \| 3 \| 29\\.56 \| 1 \| 54\\.25 \|\n\| \| [Isabella Schuster](/wiki/Isabella_Schuster \"Isabella Schuster\") \| \| 82\\.49 \| 2 \| 32\\.88 \| 2 \| 49\\.61 \|\n\| 2 \| [Anaïs Claes](/wiki/Ana%C3%AFs_Claes \"Anaïs Claes\") \| HSK \| 82\\.42 \| 1 \| 32\\.98 \| 3 \| 49\\.44 \|\n\| 3 \| [Lieselotte Swerts](/wiki/Lieselotte_Swerts \"Lieselotte Swerts\") \| HSK \| 72\\.63 \| 4 \| 25\\.98 \| 4 \| 46\\.65 \|\n\| 4 \| [Chantal Maas](/wiki/Chantal_Maas \"Chantal Maas\") \| NOT \| 67\\.73 \| 5 \| 22\\.66 \| 5 \| 45\\.07 \|\n\| 5 \| [Clara Quinet](/wiki/Clara_Quinet \"Clara Quinet\") \| CPL \| 61\\.42 \| 9 \| 19\\.68 \| 7 \| 41\\.74 \|\n\| 6 \| [Denice Van Dijk](/wiki/Denice_Van_Dijk \"Denice Van Dijk\") \| TKV \| 61\\.31 \| 10 \| 18\\.98 \| 6 \| 42\\.33 \|\n\| 7 \| [Rani Vanhee](/wiki/Rani_Vanhee \"Rani Vanhee\") \| FSC \| 55\\.69 \| 6 \| 22\\.06 \| 9 \| 33\\.63 \|\n\| 8 \| [Charlotte Van Der Kar](/wiki/Charlotte_Van_Der_Kar \"Charlotte Van Der Kar\") \| KHL \| 54\\.14 \| 8 \| 20\\.92 \| 10 \| 33\\.22 \|\n\| 9 \| [Kelly Belde](/wiki/Kelly_Belde \"Kelly Belde\") \| WKA \| 53\\.65 \| 7 \| 21\\.34 \| 11 \| 32\\.31 \|\n\| 10 \| [Eva Bossaerts](/wiki/Eva_Bossaerts \"Eva Bossaerts\") \| KSK \| 50\\.44 \| 11 \| 16\\.14 \| 8 \| 34\\.30 \|\n\|\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [2010 Belgian Championships](https://web.archive.org/web/20100219080430/http://www.vksb.be/website%20KBKF%20wedstrijden/Belgisch%20Kampioenschap/2010/BK%202010%20startpagina.htm)\n* [Belgian Championships 2010 results](https://web.archive.org/web/20161128195102/http://www.vksb.org/event/Belgisch_Kampioenschap/2012/index.htm)\n[Category:Belgian Figure Skating Championships](/wiki/Category:Belgian_Figure_Skating_Championships \"Belgian Figure Skating Championships\")\n[Belgian Figure Skating Championships, 2010](/wiki/Category:2010_in_figure_skating \"2010 in figure skating\")\n[Category:2009 in figure skating](/wiki/Category:2009_in_figure_skating \"2009 in figure skating\")\n\n" ] }
Marko Kauppinen	{ "id": [ 2842084 ], "name": [ "Jevansen" ] }	8dwgjz1hs5i3vn25bg6llwd0wyk5lex	2023-07-08T05:40:41Z	1,158,926,435	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nMarko Kauppinen (born 23 March 1979\\) is a Finnish former professional [ice hockey](/wiki/Ice_hockey \"Ice hockey\") [defenceman](/wiki/Defenceman \"Defenceman\") who played in the [Liiga](/wiki/Liiga \"Liiga\") and [Swedish Hockey League](/wiki/Swedish_Hockey_League \"Swedish Hockey League\") (SHL). Kauppinen was selected by the [Philadelphia Flyers](/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers \"Philadelphia Flyers\") in the 8th round (214th overall) of the [1997 NHL Entry Draft](/wiki/1997_NHL_Entry_Draft \"1997 NHL Entry Draft\"). On 3 September 2014, Kauppinen left the Finnish [Liiga](/wiki/Liiga \"Liiga\") and signed a one\\-year contract with Swedish club, Modo Hockey in the SHL.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1979 births](/wiki/Category:1979_births \"1979 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:AIK IF players](/wiki/Category:AIK_IF_players \"AIK IF players\")\n[Category:Finnish ice hockey defencemen](/wiki/Category:Finnish_ice_hockey_defencemen \"Finnish ice hockey defencemen\")\n[Category:HC TPS players](/wiki/Category:HC_TPS_players \"HC TPS players\")\n[Category:Jokerit players](/wiki/Category:Jokerit_players \"Jokerit players\")\n[Category:JYP Jyväskylä players](/wiki/Category:JYP_Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4_players \"JYP Jyväskylä players\")\n[Category:KalPa players](/wiki/Category:KalPa_players \"KalPa players\")\n[Category:Kiekko\\-Vantaa players](/wiki/Category:Kiekko-Vantaa_players \"Kiekko-Vantaa players\")\n[Category:Mikkelin Jukurit players](/wiki/Category:Mikkelin_Jukurit_players \"Mikkelin Jukurit players\")\n[Category:Modo Hockey players](/wiki/Category:Modo_Hockey_players \"Modo Hockey players\")\n[Category:Mora IK players](/wiki/Category:Mora_IK_players \"Mora IK players\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Mikkeli](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Mikkeli \"Sportspeople from Mikkeli\")\n[Category:Ice hockey people from South Savo](/wiki/Category:Ice_hockey_people_from_South_Savo \"Ice hockey people from South Savo\")\n[Category:Philadelphia Flyers draft picks](/wiki/Category:Philadelphia_Flyers_draft_picks \"Philadelphia Flyers draft picks\")\n[Category:Tappara players](/wiki/Category:Tappara_players \"Tappara players\")\n\n" ] }
Vita Gollancz	{ "id": [ 2842084 ], "name": [ "Jevansen" ] }	le6lkhupij3p5fs9gt2nmy95s8d9z3j	2024-04-07T11:33:21Z	1,204,505,060	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Life and work", "Exhibitions", "References", "Sources" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nVita V. Gollancz (28 January 1926 – 8 October 2009\\) was a British [painter](/wiki/Painting \"Painting\"), [printmaker](/wiki/Printmaker \"Printmaker\"), [illustrator](/wiki/Illustrator \"Illustrator\") and [draughtsman](/wiki/Drawing \"Drawing\").International Directory of Exhibiting Artists, Vol.1 (Clio Press, 1982\\) p.149\n\n", "Life and work\n-------------\n\nBorn in 1926, Vita Gollancz was the fourth daughter of noted publisher [Victor Gollancz](/wiki/Victor_Gollancz \"Victor Gollancz\"), and his wife [Ruth (née Lowy)](/wiki/Ruth_Gollancz \"Ruth Gollancz\"), an artist who had studied at the [Slade School of Art](/wiki/Slade_School_of_Art \"Slade School of Art\") under [Henry Tonks](/wiki/Henry_Tonks \"Henry Tonks\"). Painting and drawing featured prominently in Vita's early life, not only from the influence of her mother, but from the many established art luminaries that visited their home. Vita read Modern History at [Girton College, Cambridge](/wiki/Girton_College%2C_Cambridge \"Girton College, Cambridge\"), becoming the [Sparke History Scholar](/wiki/Sparke_History_Scholar \"Sparke History Scholar\") and also the Chairman of the [Cambridge University Labour Club](/wiki/Cambridge_University_Labour_Club \"Cambridge University Labour Club\"). After graduating she worked from 1952 to 1962 as manager of Sir [Hugh Casson](/wiki/Hugh_Casson \"Hugh Casson\")'s architectural practice, and subsequently as Assistant and draughtswoman for [Sir Basil Spence](/wiki/Sir_Basil_Spence \"Sir Basil Spence\") from 1964 to 1971\\. She then returned to painting in her thirties, first studying at [Chelsea School of Art](/wiki/Chelsea_School_of_Art \"Chelsea School of Art\") and at [Byam Shaw](/wiki/Byam_Shaw \"Byam Shaw\") and the [City and Guilds Schools of Art](/wiki/City_and_Guilds_Schools_of_Art \"City and Guilds Schools of Art\"). She studied etching with [Henry Williamson](/wiki/Henry_Williamson \"Henry Williamson\").\n\nAmong the many exhibitions which have included her work have been the [New English Art Club](/wiki/New_English_Art_Club \"New English Art Club\"), the [Royal Society of British Artists](/wiki/Royal_Society_of_British_Artists \"Royal Society of British Artists\") and the [Royal Academy](/wiki/Royal_Academy \"Royal Academy\") Summer Exhibitions. A solo exhibition at the Annexe Gallery was followed by regular studio shows.Vita Gollancz 80th Birthday Exhibition Catalogue (Piers Feetham Gallery, 2006\\)\n\nIn the late 1960s Vita regularly went with a group of artists led by [Peter Garrard](/wiki/Peter_Garrard \"Peter Garrard\") to paint in the Midi, near Uzes. In the 1980s she travelled around the Mediterranean, painting Crete and the Greek Islands \\- her works from this period are almost abstract. [John Kenworthy\\-Browne](/wiki/John_Kenworthy-Browne \"John Kenworthy-Browne\") commented that \"her landscape paintings bring to mind an elusive concept of [Constable](/wiki/John_Constable \"John Constable\")'s, the Chiaroscuro of nature... that power which creates space.\"\n\nIn 1980, Vita Gollancz was elected to Associate Member status of the [Royal Society of British Artists](/wiki/Royal_Society_of_British_Artists \"Royal Society of British Artists\").Vita Gollancz: An Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings (The Annexe Gallery, 1981\\)\n\nVita's sister, [Livia Ruth Gollancz](/wiki/Livia_Ruth_Gollancz \"Livia Ruth Gollancz\"), is a noted musician who later became controlling director of Victor Gollancz Ltd, on the death of their father. Both sisters contributed to their father's 1968 autobiography, Reminiscences of Affection; Vita provided illustrations, while Livia penned the foreword.Gollancz, V. Reminiscences Of Affection (Gollancz, 1968\\)\n\n", "Exhibitions\n-----------\n\nWorks exhibited at the Royal Academy, London.\n* 1968 – Back Gardens\n* 1969 – Landscape in August: Gard.\n* 1978 – Surviving Elms, Gloucestershire\n* 1980 – Black Hill from Clunbury\n* 1987 – Fields near Wyck, Hampshire\n\nVarious group shows:\n\n* 1967 – New English Art Club\n* 1968 – New English Art Club\n* 1969 – New English Art Club\n* 1970 – New English Art Club\n* 1970 – The Kensington and Chelsea Artists\n* 1975 – The Kensington and Chelsea Artists\n* 1976 – New English Art Club\n* 1976 – The Kensington and Chelsea Artists\n* 1976 – Artistes de Grande Bretagne, Bilan de l'Art Contemporain, Paris\n* 1977 – New English Art Club\n* 1978 – New English Art Club\n* 1979 – New English Art Club\n* 1980 – New English Art Club\n* 1979 – Artistes de Grande Bretagne, Paris\n* 1980 – 20th Century Oils, Clarges Gallery, London\n* 1980 – Southover Gallery, Lewes\n\nSolo shows:\n\n* 1981 – The Annexe Gallery, Wimbledon, London\n* 1983 – Haldane Road Studio, London\n* 1985 – Haldane Road Studio, London\n* 2006 – Vita Gollancz: 80th Birthday Exhibition, Piers Feetham Gallery, London.\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "Sources\n-------\n\n* Royal Academy Exhibitors 1905\\-1970, Vol III (EP Publishing LTD, 1979\\)\n* Royal Academy Exhibitors 1971\\-1989, (Hilmarton Manor Press, 1989\\)\n\n[Category:1926 births](/wiki/Category:1926_births \"1926 births\")\n[Category:2009 deaths](/wiki/Category:2009_deaths \"2009 deaths\")\n[Category:20th\\-century British painters](/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_painters \"20th-century British painters\")\n[Category:21st\\-century British painters](/wiki/Category:21st-century_British_painters \"21st-century British painters\")\n[Category:Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge](/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Girton_College%2C_Cambridge \"Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge\")\n[Category:British Jews](/wiki/Category:British_Jews \"British Jews\")\n[Category:British women painters](/wiki/Category:British_women_painters \"British women painters\")\n[Category:British portrait painters](/wiki/Category:British_portrait_painters \"British portrait painters\")\n[Category:British landscape artists](/wiki/Category:British_landscape_artists \"British landscape artists\")\n[Category:20th\\-century British women artists](/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_women_artists \"20th-century British women artists\")\n[Category:21st\\-century British women artists](/wiki/Category:21st-century_British_women_artists \"21st-century British women artists\")\n[Category:20th\\-century women painters](/wiki/Category:20th-century_women_painters \"20th-century women painters\")\n[Category:21st\\-century women painters](/wiki/Category:21st-century_women_painters \"21st-century women painters\")\n\n" ] }
Iphinopsis traverseensis	{ "id": [ 46437444 ], "name": [ "Scorpions1325" ] }	2wraryegu0v88spgyhomam744jfg125	2024-04-09T12:58:12Z	1,032,627,603	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n* + \n\n*Iphinopsis traverseensis* is a [species](/wiki/Species \"Species\") of [sea snail](/wiki/Sea_snail \"Sea snail\"), a marine [gastropod](/wiki/Gastropod \"Gastropod\") [mollusk](/wiki/Mollusk \"Mollusk\") in the [family](/wiki/Family_%28biology%29 \"Family (biology)\") [Cancellariidae](/wiki/Cancellariidae \"Cancellariidae\"), the nutmeg snails.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Cancellariidae](/wiki/Category:Cancellariidae \"Cancellariidae\")\n[Category:Gastropods described in 1961](/wiki/Category:Gastropods_described_in_1961 \"Gastropods described in 1961\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Richard Wimbush	{ "id": [ 42769864 ], "name": [ "Roastedbeanz1" ] }	423qfo7lmr1e242d5ajlyj69pzh77xf	2024-09-15T21:08:29Z	1,224,626,865	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Biography", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nRichard Knyvet Wimbush, (18 March 1909 – 4 January 1994[NPG details](http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp78229)) was an English [Anglican](/wiki/Anglican \"Anglican\") bishop. Before becoming a bishop, he was a priest in the [Church of England](/wiki/Church_of_England \"Church of England\") and then [Principal](/wiki/Principal_%28academia%29 \"Principal (academia)\") of [Edinburgh Theological College](/wiki/Edinburgh_Theological_College \"Edinburgh Theological College\"). He was [Bishop of Argyll and The Isles](/wiki/Diocese_of_Argyll_and_The_Isles_%28Episcopal%29 \"Diocese of Argyll and The Isles (Episcopal)\") from 1963 and also [Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church](/wiki/Primus_of_the_Scottish_Episcopal_Church \"Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church\") from 1974\\. He resigned his bishopric in 1977 to return to being a parish priest in the Church of England.\n\n", "Biography\n---------\n\nWimbush was born into an ecclesiastical family on 18 March 1909\\.His father was the Rev. Canon J. S. Wimbush, sometime [Vicar](/wiki/Vicar \"Vicar\") of [Terrington](/wiki/Terrington \"Terrington\") \\> [“Who was Who” 1897\\-2007](/wiki/Who%27s_Who \"Who's Who\") London: [A \\& C Black](/wiki/A_%26_C_Black \"A & C Black\"), 2007 He was educated at [Haileybury](/wiki/Haileybury_and_Imperial_Service_College \"Haileybury and Imperial Service College\"), [Oriel College, Oxford](/wiki/Oriel_College%2C_Oxford \"Oriel College, Oxford\") and [Ripon College Cuddesdon](/wiki/Ripon_College_Cuddesdon \"Ripon College Cuddesdon\").\n\nHe was ordained in 1935\\.[Crockford's Clerical Directory](/wiki/Crockford%27s_Clerical_Directory \"Crockford's Clerical Directory\") 1947\\-48 Oxford, [Oxford University Press](/wiki/Oxford_University_Press \"Oxford University Press\"), 1947 He began his career as [Curate](/wiki/Curate \"Curate\") of his old [Ripon College Cuddesdon](/wiki/Ripon_College_Cuddesdon \"Ripon College Cuddesdon\") and then held similar posts at [Pocklington](/wiki/Pocklington \"Pocklington\") and [Harrogate](/wiki/Harrogate \"Harrogate\"). After this he was [Rector](/wiki/Rector_%28ecclesiastical%29 \"Rector (ecclesiastical)\") of [Melsonby](/wiki/Melsonby \"Melsonby\") and then [Principal](/wiki/Principal_%28academia%29 \"Principal (academia)\") of [Edinburgh Theological College](/wiki/Edinburgh_Theological_College \"Edinburgh Theological College\").”Scottish Episcopal Clergy, 1689\\-2000” Bertie, D. M. Edinburgh: T \\& T Clark In 1963, he became [Bishop of Argyll and The Isles](/wiki/Diocese_of_Argyll_and_The_Isles_%28Episcopal%29 \"Diocese of Argyll and The Isles (Episcopal)\").[The Times](/wiki/The_Times \"The Times\"), Wednesday, 12 June 1963; p. 7; Issue 55725; col C News From 1974, he was also [Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church](/wiki/Primus_of_the_Scottish_Episcopal_Church \"Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church\"). Resigning in 1977 he became [Priest in charge](/wiki/Priest_in_charge \"Priest in charge\") of [Etton](/wiki/Etton%2C_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire \"Etton, East Riding of Yorkshire\") with [Dalton Holme](/wiki/Dalton_Holme \"Dalton Holme\") and an [Assistant Bishop of York](/wiki/Assistant_Bishop_of_York \"Assistant Bishop of York\").\n\nHe died on 4 January 1994\\.[Obituary, The Independent](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-the-right-rev-richard-wimbush-1409671.html)\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:1909 births](/wiki/Category:1909_births \"1909 births\")\n[Category:People from Terrington](/wiki/Category:People_from_Terrington \"People from Terrington\")\n[Category:People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College](/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Haileybury_and_Imperial_Service_College \"People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College\")\n[Category:Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford](/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Oriel_College%2C_Oxford \"Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford\")\n[Category:Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon](/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Ripon_College_Cuddesdon \"Alumni of Ripon College Cuddesdon\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Scottish Episcopalian bishops](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Scottish_Episcopalian_bishops \"20th-century Scottish Episcopalian bishops\")\n[Category:Bishops of Argyll and The Isles](/wiki/Category:Bishops_of_Argyll_and_The_Isles \"Bishops of Argyll and The Isles\")\n[Category:Primuses of the Scottish Episcopal Church](/wiki/Category:Primuses_of_the_Scottish_Episcopal_Church \"Primuses of the Scottish Episcopal Church\")\n[Category:1994 deaths](/wiki/Category:1994_deaths \"1994 deaths\")\n[Category:Clergy from Yorkshire](/wiki/Category:Clergy_from_Yorkshire \"Clergy from Yorkshire\")\n\n" ] }
Daasi (1988 film)	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "2A02:842A:1BF:1901:202A:17A0:ED47:481E" ] }	03jnfq45uat91ckr132dgwulfge6ckq	2024-05-22T07:45:39Z	1,222,733,742	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Plot", "Cast", "Awards", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Daasi* () is a 1988 Indian [Telugu](/wiki/Telugu_language \"Telugu language\")\\-language [drama film](/wiki/Drama_film \"Drama film\") written and directed by [B. Narsing Rao](/wiki/B._Narsing_Rao \"B. Narsing Rao\") starring [Archana](/wiki/Archana_%28actress%29 \"Archana (actress)\") as Daasi Kamalakshi. The film won five honors including [Best Feature Film in Telugu](/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film_in_Telugu \"National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu\") at the [36th National Film Awards](/wiki/36th_National_Film_Awards \"36th National Film Awards\"), \"For portraying the grim reality of a feaudal milieu through original and rare use of film language\" as cited by the Jury, and the Diploma of Merit award at the [16th Moscow International Film Festival](/wiki/16th_Moscow_International_Film_Festival \"16th Moscow International Film Festival\") in 1989\\. The film was subsequently screened in the Indian Panorama at the [12th International Film Festival of India](/wiki/12th_International_Film_Festival_of_India \"12th International Film Festival of India\").\n\n", "Plot\n----\n\nThe story is of Kamalakshi (Archana), a [bonded woman](/wiki/Debt_bondage \"Debt bondage\") known as Daasi in [Hyderabad State](/wiki/Hyderabad_State \"Hyderabad State\") in the 1920s in Telangana region. She has been sold by her family for money to be the servant of a wealthy couple. She is expected to do every chore imaginable in their house. She is also required to be the sexual toy of the man of the house (Dora) and his guests – anywhere and at any time of the day or night. When she becomes pregnant, she endures and hopes to keep the baby. However she is forced to have an abortion.\n\n", "Cast\n----\n\n* [Archana](/wiki/Archana_%28actress%29 \"Archana (actress)\") as Kamalakshi\n* [Bhoopal Reddy](/wiki/Bhoopal_Reddy \"Bhoopal Reddy\")\n* [Roopa](/wiki/Roopa_%28actress%29 \"Roopa (actress)\")\n* [Ananda Chakrapani](/wiki/Chakrapani_Ananda \"Chakrapani Ananda\")\n", "Awards\n------\n\n[National Film Awards](/wiki/National_Film_Awards \"National Film Awards\")\n* [National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu](/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film_in_Telugu \"National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu\") – B. Narsing Rao\n* [National Film Award for Best Cinematography](/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Cinematography \"National Film Award for Best Cinematography\") – Apurba Kishore Bir\n* [National Film Award for Best Actress](/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Actress \"National Film Award for Best Actress\") – [Archana](/wiki/Archana_%28actress%29 \"Archana (actress)\")\n* [National Film Award for Best Costume Design](/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Costume_Design \"National Film Award for Best Costume Design\") – Sudarshan\n* [National Film Award for Best Art Direction](/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Art_Direction \"National Film Award for Best Art Direction\") – [T. Vaikundham](/wiki/T._Vaikundham \"T. Vaikundham\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1988 films](/wiki/Category:1988_films \"1988 films\")\n[Category:1980s Telugu\\-language films](/wiki/Category:1980s_Telugu-language_films \"1980s Telugu-language films\")\n[Category:1980s Indian films](/wiki/Category:1980s_Indian_films \"1980s Indian films\")\n[Category:Films about prostitution in India](/wiki/Category:Films_about_prostitution_in_India \"Films about prostitution in India\")\n[Category:Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography National Film Award](/wiki/Category:Films_whose_cinematographer_won_the_Best_Cinematography_National_Film_Award \"Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography National Film Award\")\n[Category:Films about Indian slavery](/wiki/Category:Films_about_Indian_slavery \"Films about Indian slavery\")\n[Category:Films featuring a Best Actress National Award\\-winning performance](/wiki/Category:Films_featuring_a_Best_Actress_National_Award-winning_performance \"Films featuring a Best Actress National Award-winning performance\")\n[Category:Films about human trafficking in India](/wiki/Category:Films_about_human_trafficking_in_India \"Films about human trafficking in India\")\n[Category:Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award](/wiki/Category:Films_whose_production_designer_won_the_Best_Production_Design_National_Film_Award \"Films whose production designer won the Best Production Design National Film Award\")\n[Category:Films about women in India](/wiki/Category:Films_about_women_in_India \"Films about women in India\")\n[Category:Films that won the Best Costume Design National Film Award](/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Costume_Design_National_Film_Award \"Films that won the Best Costume Design National Film Award\")\n[Category:Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners](/wiki/Category:Best_Telugu_Feature_Film_National_Film_Award_winners \"Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners\")\n[Category:Films directed by B. Narsing Rao](/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_B._Narsing_Rao \"Films directed by B. Narsing Rao\")\n[Category:Films set in Telangana](/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_Telangana \"Films set in Telangana\")\n\n" ] }
Pechorsk	{ "id": [ 20585603 ], "name": [ "Bot1058" ] }	he4zfb0bpxk6bw6x92syvw7uce66873	2019-12-29T17:55:51Z	696,520,631	{ "title": [ "Pechorsk" ], "level": [ 1 ], "content": [ "Pechorsk may refer to:\n* [Troitsko\\-Pechorsk](/wiki/Troitsko-Pechorsk \"Troitsko-Pechorsk\"), an urban\\-type settlement in the Komi Republic, Russia\n* Pechorsk, common misspelling of [Pechersk](/wiki/Pechersk_%28disambiguation%29 \"Pechersk (disambiguation)\")\n\n" ] }
KWRZ	{ "id": [ 19895351 ], "name": [ "Mdann52 bot" ] }	g2py4msyj24ydmoay0qepzzdrf8lleq	2024-07-20T09:48:33Z	1,221,166,343	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nKWRZ (92\\.3 [FM](/wiki/FM_broadcasting \"FM broadcasting\")) is a [radio station](/wiki/Radio_station \"Radio station\") licensed to [Canyonville, Oregon](/wiki/Canyonville%2C_Oregon \"Canyonville, Oregon\"), United States. The station is owned by Brooke Communications.\n\nOn December 5, 2019, KWRZ changed their format from classical to a simulcast of sports\\-formatted [KSKR](/wiki/KSKR_%28AM%29 \"KSKR (AM)\") 1490 AM Roseburg, following a sale from the University of Oregon to Brooke Communications.[Following Sale KWRZ Becomes KSKR Simulcaster](https://radioinsight.com/headlines/182207/following-sale-kwrz-becomes-kskr-simulcaster/) Radioinsight \\- December 5, 2019\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n[WRZ](/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_Oregon \"Radio stations in Oregon\")\n[Category:Douglas County, Oregon](/wiki/Category:Douglas_County%2C_Oregon \"Douglas County, Oregon\")\n[Category:Canyonville, Oregon](/wiki/Category:Canyonville%2C_Oregon \"Canyonville, Oregon\")\n[Category:1990 establishments in Oregon](/wiki/Category:1990_establishments_in_Oregon \"1990 establishments in Oregon\")\n[Category:CBS Sports Radio stations](/wiki/Category:CBS_Sports_Radio_stations \"CBS Sports Radio stations\")\n[Category:Sports radio stations in the United States](/wiki/Category:Sports_radio_stations_in_the_United_States \"Sports radio stations in the United States\")\n\n" ] }
Masato Harasaki	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "2403:6200:88A7:C82:5EA:A58F:FCAB:B893" ] }	5p92tme61gs8khq50k5yk7pj0lot22b	2024-10-08T13:39:58Z	1,250,074,462	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Playing career", "Club statistics", "Managerial statistics", "Honours", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n is a [Japanese](/wiki/Japan \"Japan\") [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") manager and former [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") player who was most recently the assistant coach of [Thai League 1](/wiki/Thai_League_1 \"Thai League 1\") side [BG Pathum United](/wiki/BG_Pathum_United_F.C. \"BG Pathum United F.C.\").\n\n", "Playing career\n--------------\n\nHarasaki was born in [Fujisaki, Aomori](/wiki/Fujisaki%2C_Aomori \"Fujisaki, Aomori\") on August 13, 1974\\. After graduating from high school, he joined [Fujita Industries](/wiki/Shonan_Bellmare \"Shonan Bellmare\") (later Bellmare Hiratsuka) in 1993\\. He debuted in 1995 and he played many matches as defensive midfielder. In 1999, he moved to newly promoted [J2 League](/wiki/J2_League \"J2 League\") club, [Omiya Ardija](/wiki/Omiya_Ardija \"Omiya Ardija\"). He became a regular player there also as a defensive midfielder. In 2004, he moved to [Vegalta Sendai](/wiki/Vegalta_Sendai \"Vegalta Sendai\"). He retired at the end of the 2004 season.\n\n", "Club statistics\n---------------\n\n\| Club performance \| \| \| League \| \| Cup \| \| League Cup \| \| Total \| \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| Season \| Club \| League \| Apps \| Goals \| Apps \| Goals \| Apps \| Goals \| Apps \| Goals \|\n\| Japan \| \| \| League \| \| [Emperor's Cup](/wiki/Emperor%27s_Cup \"Emperor's Cup\") \| \| [J.League Cup](/wiki/J.League_Cup \"J.League Cup\") \| \| Total \| \|\n\| [1993](/wiki/1993_Japan_Football_League \"1993 Japan Football League\") \| [Fujita Industries](/wiki/Shonan_Bellmare \"Shonan Bellmare\") \| [Football League](/wiki/Japan_Football_League_%281992%E2%80%9398%29 \"Japan Football League (1992–98)\") \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \|\n\| [1994](/wiki/1994_Bellmare_Hiratsuka_season \"1994 Bellmare Hiratsuka season\") \|[Bellmare Hiratsuka](/wiki/Shonan_Bellmare \"Shonan Bellmare\")[J1 League](/wiki/J1_League \"J1 League\") 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \|\n\| [1995](/wiki/1995_Bellmare_Hiratsuka_season \"1995 Bellmare Hiratsuka season\") \| 10 \| 0 \| 2 \| 0 \|\\- 12 \| 0 \|\n\| [1996](/wiki/1996_Bellmare_Hiratsuka_season \"1996 Bellmare Hiratsuka season\") \| 17 \| 3 \| 0 \| 0 \| 7 \| 0 \| 24 \| 3 \|\n\| [1997](/wiki/1997_Bellmare_Hiratsuka_season \"1997 Bellmare Hiratsuka season\") \| 5 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 4 \| 0 \| 9 \| 0 \|\n\| [1998](/wiki/1998_Bellmare_Hiratsuka_season \"1998 Bellmare Hiratsuka season\") \| 8 \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 3 \| 0 \| 12 \| 1 \|\n\| [1999](/wiki/1999_Omiya_Ardija_season \"1999 Omiya Ardija season\") \|[Omiya Ardija](/wiki/Omiya_Ardija \"Omiya Ardija\")[J2 League](/wiki/J2_League \"J2 League\") 30 \| 4 \| 3 \| 1 \| 2 \| 0 \| 35 \| 5 \|\n\| [2000](/wiki/2000_Omiya_Ardija_season \"2000 Omiya Ardija season\") \| 39 \| 9 \| 3 \| 1 \| 2 \| 0 \| 44 \| 10 \|\n\| [2001](/wiki/2001_Omiya_Ardija_season \"2001 Omiya Ardija season\") \| 43 \| 2 \| 1 \| 0 \| 2 \| 0 \| 46 \| 2 \|\n\| [2002](/wiki/2002_Omiya_Ardija_season \"2002 Omiya Ardija season\") \| 36 \| 3 \| 4 \| 0 \|\\- 40 \| 3 \|\n\| [2003](/wiki/2003_Omiya_Ardija_season \"2003 Omiya Ardija season\") \| 30 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \|\\- 30 \| 0 \|\n\| [2004](/wiki/2004_Vegalta_Sendai_season \"2004 Vegalta Sendai season\") \| [Vegalta Sendai](/wiki/Vegalta_Sendai \"Vegalta Sendai\") \| [J2 League](/wiki/J2_League \"J2 League\") \| 9 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \|\\- 9 \| 0 \|\n\|Total\n\n 227 \| 22 \| 14 \| 2 \| 20 \| 0 \| 261 \| 24 \|\n\n", "Managerial statistics\n---------------------\n\nUpdate; September 14, 2022[J.League Data Site](https://data.j-league.or.jp/SFIX07/?staff_id=4132)\n\n\|Team\n\nFrom\n\nTo\n\nRecord\n\n\| \|\n\| G \| W \| D \| L \| Win% \|\n\|[Vegalta Sendai](/wiki/Vegalta_Sendai \"Vegalta Sendai\")\n\n2021\n\n2022\n\n\|Total\n\n", "Honours\n-------\n\nIndividual\n\n* Monthly Best coach: [2022](/wiki/2022_J2_League \"2022 J2 League\")(May)\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Vegalta Sendai](https://web.archive.org/web/20090604185013/http://www.vegalta.co.jp/bf/team/2004/17.html) \n\n \n\n[Category:1974 births](/wiki/Category:1974_births \"1974 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Association football people from Aomori Prefecture](/wiki/Category:Association_football_people_from_Aomori_Prefecture \"Association football people from Aomori Prefecture\")\n[Category:Japanese men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Japanese_men%27s_footballers \"Japanese men's footballers\")\n[Category:J1 League players](/wiki/Category:J1_League_players \"J1 League players\")\n[Category:J2 League players](/wiki/Category:J2_League_players \"J2 League players\")\n[Category:Japan Football League (1992–1998\\) players](/wiki/Category:Japan_Football_League_%281992%E2%80%931998%29_players \"Japan Football League (1992–1998) players\")\n[Category:Shonan Bellmare players](/wiki/Category:Shonan_Bellmare_players \"Shonan Bellmare players\")\n[Category:Omiya Ardija players](/wiki/Category:Omiya_Ardija_players \"Omiya Ardija players\")\n[Category:Vegalta Sendai players](/wiki/Category:Vegalta_Sendai_players \"Vegalta Sendai players\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:J1 League managers](/wiki/Category:J1_League_managers \"J1 League managers\")\n[Category:J2 League managers](/wiki/Category:J2_League_managers \"J2 League managers\")\n[Category:Vegalta Sendai managers](/wiki/Category:Vegalta_Sendai_managers \"Vegalta Sendai managers\")\n[category:Omiya Ardija managers](/wiki/category:Omiya_Ardija_managers \"Omiya Ardija managers\")\n\n" ] }
Sarqarput Strait	{ "id": [ 24198 ], "name": [ "Dimadick" ] }	6ph03gs2d4uo1cip1qp3lli1qbb5u1k	2021-04-12T20:28:37Z	957,665,489	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Settlement", "Transport", "Photographs", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n[thumb\\\|300px\\\|right\\\|Location of Sarqarput Strait within the [Uummannaq Fjord](/wiki/Uummannaq_Fjord \"Uummannaq Fjord\") region](/wiki/File:Sketchmap-greenland-sarqarput.svg \"Sketchmap-greenland-sarqarput.svg\")\n\nSarqarput Strait is a strait in the [Uummannaq Fjord](/wiki/Uummannaq_Fjord \"Uummannaq Fjord\") system in northwestern [Greenland](/wiki/Greenland \"Greenland\"). It separates [Uummannaq Island](/wiki/Uummannaq_Island \"Uummannaq Island\") in the northeast from [Nuussuaq Peninsula](/wiki/Nuussuaq_Peninsula \"Nuussuaq Peninsula\") in the southwest.Nuussuaq, Saga Map, Tage Schjøtt, 1992 The strait waterway is part of the southern arm of Uummannaq Fjord, narrowing into [Ikerasak Fjord](/wiki/Ikerasak_Fjord \"Ikerasak Fjord\") in the southeast, at the base of Nuussuaq Peninsula. The Sarfaagfip Kussinnersua and Kuuk rivers flowing from the peninsular glaciers empty into the strait.\n\n", "Settlement\n----------\n\n[thumb\\\|300px\\\|right\\\|Nuussuaq Peninsula seen from Uummannaq across Sarqarput Strait](/wiki/File:Sarqarput-strait.jpg \"Sarqarput-strait.jpg\")\nThere are two settlements on the shores of the strait. [Uummannaq](/wiki/Uummannaq \"Uummannaq\") on [Uummannaq Island](/wiki/Uummannaq_Island \"Uummannaq Island\") in the northeast is the major cultural center of northwestern Greenland. [Qaarsut](/wiki/Qaarsut \"Qaarsut\") is a small village on Nuussuaq Peninsula, host to [Qaarsut Airport](/wiki/Qaarsut_Airport \"Qaarsut Airport\"), the only airport in the region.\n\n", "Transport\n---------\n\nOn the way from Qaarsut Airport, the helicopters of [Air Greenland](/wiki/Air_Greenland \"Air Greenland\") approach the [Uummannaq Heliport](/wiki/Uummannaq_Heliport \"Uummannaq Heliport\")−located on the western shore of the strait−alongside the western wall of Salliaruseq, first converging to the island, to then turn 90 degrees to the west due to winds in the [Assorput Strait](/wiki/Assorput_Strait \"Assorput Strait\"), which connects to Sarqarput Strait from the north.\n\n", "Photographs\n-----------\n\nFile:Sarqarput\\-strait\\-iceberg\\-aerial.jpg\\\|Aerial view of an \\[\\[iceberg]] floating in Sarqarput Strait\nFile:Qasigissat.jpg\\\|Qasigissat Bay on the coast of Uummannaq Island opens into Sarqarput Strait\nFile:Nuussuaq\\-peninsula\\-from\\-uummannaq.jpg\\\|Nuussuaq Peninsula seen from Uummannaq across Sarqarput Strait\nFile:Nuussuaq\\-peninsula\\-qilertiinguit\\-kangilequtaa.jpg\\\|\\[\\[Qilertinnguit Kangilequtaa]] mountain on Nuussuaq Peninsula seen across Sarqarput Strait\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Straits of Greenland](/wiki/Category:Straits_of_Greenland \"Straits of Greenland\")\n[Category:Uummannaq](/wiki/Category:Uummannaq \"Uummannaq\")\n[Category:Uummannaq Fjord](/wiki/Category:Uummannaq_Fjord \"Uummannaq Fjord\")\n\n" ] }
Fusinus halistreptus	{ "id": [ 1398 ], "name": [ "William Avery" ] }	3oapxzkpd73f7kh7q90xjvqn1jfl8qo	2024-02-25T09:17:55Z	1,022,721,427	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Description", "Distribution", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Fusinus halistreptus* is a [species](/wiki/Species \"Species\") of [sea snail](/wiki/Sea_snail \"Sea snail\"), a marine [gastropod](/wiki/Gastropod \"Gastropod\") [mollusc](/wiki/Mollusc \"Mollusc\") in the [family](/wiki/Family_%28biology%29 \"Family (biology)\") [Fasciolariidae](/wiki/Fasciolariidae \"Fasciolariidae\"), the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies.\n\n", "Description\n-----------\n\n", "Distribution\n------------\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[halistreptus](/wiki/Category:Fusinus \"Fusinus\")\n[Category:Gastropods described in 1889](/wiki/Category:Gastropods_described_in_1889 \"Gastropods described in 1889\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Brian Taylor (footballer, born 1954)	{ "id": [ 32983869 ], "name": [ "KiranBOT" ] }	3fc3x7xyvfxoi6wfaautrsbeef7au1j	2023-07-07T21:02:31Z	1,155,305,380	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nBrian Taylor (born 12 February 1954\\) is an [English](/wiki/English_%28people%29 \"English (people)\") former [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who played as a [defender](/wiki/Defender_%28association_football%29 \"Defender (association football)\") in the [Football League](/wiki/Football_League \"Football League\") in the 1960s and 1970s.\n\nHe started as a trainee with [Middlesbrough](/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C. \"Middlesbrough F.C.\") in 1969[allfootballers.com stats (subscription required)](http://www.allfootballers.com/screen5.php) but after 18 league appearances he transferred to [Doncaster Rovers](/wiki/Doncaster_Rovers \"Doncaster Rovers\") in 1975, making his debut on 6 December 1975 against [Torquay United](/wiki/Torquay_United \"Torquay United\").[Stats and photo at doncasterrovers.co.uk](http://www.doncasterrovers.co.uk/players/StoT/Taylor,Brian.htm)\n\nAfter making 131 senior appearances for Rovers he transferred to [Rochdale](/wiki/Rochdale_A.F.C. \"Rochdale A.F.C.\"), and made over 150 league appearances for them.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:1954 births](/wiki/Category:1954_births \"1954 births\")\n[Category:People from Bolsover](/wiki/Category:People_from_Bolsover \"People from Bolsover\")\n[Category:Footballers from Derbyshire](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Derbyshire \"Footballers from Derbyshire\")\n[Category:Men's association football defenders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_defenders \"Men's association football defenders\")\n[Category:English Football League players](/wiki/Category:English_Football_League_players \"English Football League players\")\n[Category:Middlesbrough F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Middlesbrough_F.C._players \"Middlesbrough F.C. players\")\n[Category:Doncaster Rovers F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Doncaster_Rovers_F.C._players \"Doncaster Rovers F.C. players\")\n[Category:Rochdale A.F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Rochdale_A.F.C._players \"Rochdale A.F.C. players\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:English men's footballers](/wiki/Category:English_men%27s_footballers \"English men's footballers\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Fort Royal (Newfoundland)	{ "id": [ null ], "name": [ "2604:3D09:1B86:E700:DDB7:CF50:E56F:7F9" ] }	jo5ftn4w9ff6m9v8jnzhtr4n7nbocq8	2023-09-21T15:47:45Z	1,161,555,367	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "Fort Royal is a French fort built in 1687 on the island of [Newfoundland](/wiki/Newfoundland_%28island%29 \"Newfoundland (island)\") during the time of [New France](/wiki/New_France \"New France\").\n\nIn 1662, the French established a commercial counter on a well protected hill overlooking [Placentia Bay](/wiki/Placentia_Bay \"Placentia Bay\") which separates the [Avalon Peninsula](/wiki/Avalon_Peninsula \"Avalon Peninsula\") form the rest of Newfoundland island and situated near Grand Banks where fish are abundant.\n\nIn order to protect the bay, several forts were erected around the hill, [Fort Plaisance](/wiki/Fort_Plaisance \"Fort Plaisance\") (1662\\), Fort Royal (1687\\) and [Fort Saint Louis](/wiki/Fort_Saint_Louis_%28Newfoundland%29 \"Fort Saint Louis (Newfoundland)\") (1690\\).Canada\\-Québec, Synthèse Historique, Éditions du Renouveau Pédagogique Inc. pp.122–123\n\nFort Royal was constructed on the top of the hill which dominated the bay and the port village of [Plaisance](/wiki/Placentia%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador \"Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador\").\n\nFort Royal served as bastion and home for the governor.\n\nIn 1713, the [Treaty of Utrecht](/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht \"Treaty of Utrecht\") forced the French to abandon their establishments in Newfoundland. Fort Royal and Fort Saint Louis were renamed \"[Castle Hill](/wiki/Castle_Hill%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador \"Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador\")\" by the English, and \"Plaisance\" became \"Placentia\". The French inhabitants were displaced to Isle Royale ([Cape Breton](/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island \"Cape Breton Island\")), where they began the construction of [Louisbourg](/wiki/Louisbourg \"Louisbourg\").Canada\\-\nQuébec, Synthèse Historique, Éditions du Renouveau Pédagogique Inc. pp.133–134\n\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador](/wiki/Castle_Hill%2C_Newfoundland_and_Labrador \"Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador\")\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Royal](/wiki/Category:French_forts_in_Canada \"French forts in Canada\")\n[Category:1687 establishments in the French colonial empire](/wiki/Category:1687_establishments_in_the_French_colonial_empire \"1687 establishments in the French colonial empire\")\n[Category:Foreign military bases in Canada](/wiki/Category:Foreign_military_bases_in_Canada \"Foreign military bases in Canada\")\n\n" ] }
Gerrit Radstaak	{ "id": [ 1382933 ], "name": [ "PKT" ] }	2qujkq6qbqaq6a141du17n9ev9nzyil	2024-10-03T17:53:02Z	1,134,709,487	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Political career", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nGerrit Joseph Radstaak (September 4, 1914 – May 1, 1996\\) was a politician from [Alberta](/wiki/Alberta \"Alberta\"), Canada. He served in the [Legislative Assembly of Alberta](/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Alberta \"Legislative Assembly of Alberta\") from 1967 to 1971 as a member of the [Social Credit Party](/wiki/Alberta_Social_Credit_Party \"Alberta Social Credit Party\").\n\n", "Political career\n----------------\n\nRadstaak first ran for a seat in the [1967 Alberta general election](/wiki/1967_Alberta_general_election \"1967 Alberta general election\") as the Social Credit candidate in the new electoral district of [Strathcona South](/wiki/Strathcona_South \"Strathcona South\"). He defeated Progressive Conservative candidate [Oscar Kruger](/wiki/Oscar_Kruger \"Oscar Kruger\"), a former player for the [Edmonton Eskimos](/wiki/Edmonton_Eskimos \"Edmonton Eskimos\"), and two other candidates with 40% of the popular vote.\n\nStrathcona South was abolished in the 1971 boundary redistribution, and Radstaak ran for re\\-election in the new electoral district of [Edmonton\\-Avonmore](/wiki/Edmonton-Avonmore \"Edmonton-Avonmore\") in the [election held that year](/wiki/1971_Alberta_general_election \"1971 Alberta general election\"). He was defeated by Progressive Conservative candidate [Horst Schmid](/wiki/Horst_Schmid \"Horst Schmid\").\n\nRadstaak ran again in the [1975 general election](/wiki/1975_Alberta_general_election \"1975 Alberta general election\") and was again defeated by Schmid in a landslide.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Legislative Assembly of Alberta Members Listing](https://web.archive.org/web/20070930024650/http://www.assembly.ab.ca/legislaturecentennial/pdf/membersBooklet.pdf)\n\n[Category:Alberta Social Credit Party MLAs](/wiki/Category:Alberta_Social_Credit_Party_MLAs \"Alberta Social Credit Party MLAs\")\n[Category:Dutch emigrants to Canada](/wiki/Category:Dutch_emigrants_to_Canada \"Dutch emigrants to Canada\")\n[Category:People from Winterswijk](/wiki/Category:People_from_Winterswijk \"People from Winterswijk\")\n[Category:1996 deaths](/wiki/Category:1996_deaths \"1996 deaths\")\n[Category:1914 births](/wiki/Category:1914_births \"1914 births\")\n\n" ] }
Serrata minima	{ "id": [ 14423536 ], "name": [ "Plantdrew" ] }	sf94uzyd141b4zdwvvut5nt4xl5uzug	2024-06-25T02:39:46Z	1,171,255,765	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Description", "Distribution", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Serrata minima* is a [species](/wiki/Species \"Species\") of [sea snail](/wiki/Sea_snail \"Sea snail\"), a marine [gastropod](/wiki/Gastropod \"Gastropod\") [mollusc](/wiki/Mollusc \"Mollusc\") in the [family](/wiki/Family_%28biology%29 \"Family (biology)\") [Marginellidae](/wiki/Marginellidae \"Marginellidae\"), the margin snails.\n\n", "Description\n-----------\n\nThe length of the shell attains 3\\.9 mm.\n\n", "Distribution\n------------\n\nThis marine species occurs off New Caledonia (depth range 310–320 m).\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n* Boyer, F. (2008\\). The genus Serrata Jousseaume, 1875 (Caenogastropoda: Marginellidae) in New Caledonia. in: Héros, V. et al. (Ed.) Tropical Deep\\-Sea Benthos 25\\. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (1993\\). 196: 389\\-436\n\n[Category:Marginellidae](/wiki/Category:Marginellidae \"Marginellidae\")\n[Category:Gastropods described in 2008](/wiki/Category:Gastropods_described_in_2008 \"Gastropods described in 2008\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Shanghai–Kunming railway	{ "id": [ 7730667 ], "name": [ "Asdfghjohnkl" ] }	76i8b9bmc8lt9264513n3yl9vkv9b1e	2024-05-11T23:52:16Z	1,221,964,390	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Line description", "History", "Accidents", "External links", "See also", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n* + - * \n\t\t\tThe Shanghai–Kunming Railway or Hukun Railway (), also known as the Hukun Line, is a major arterial [railroad](/wiki/Railroad \"Railroad\") across [eastern](/wiki/East_China \"East China\"), [south central](/wiki/South_Central_China \"South Central China\") and [southwest](/wiki/Southwest_China \"Southwest China\") [China](/wiki/China \"China\"). It connects [Shanghai](/wiki/Shanghai \"Shanghai\"), whose shorthand name is Hu, and [Kunming](/wiki/Kunming \"Kunming\"). The line has a total length of and passes through Shanghai Municipality, [Zhejiang](/wiki/Zhejiang \"Zhejiang\"), [Jiangxi](/wiki/Jiangxi \"Jiangxi\"), [Hunan](/wiki/Hunan \"Hunan\"), [Guizhou](/wiki/Guizhou \"Guizhou\") and [Yunnan](/wiki/Yunnan \"Yunnan\") Province. Major cities along route include Shanghai, [Jiaxing](/wiki/Jiaxing \"Jiaxing\"), [Hangzhou](/wiki/Hangzhou \"Hangzhou\"), [Yiwu](/wiki/Yiwu \"Yiwu\"), [Jinhua](/wiki/Jinhua \"Jinhua\"), [Shangrao](/wiki/Shangrao \"Shangrao\"), [Yingtan](/wiki/Yingtan \"Yingtan\"), [Pingxiang](/wiki/Pingxiang \"Pingxiang\"), [Zhuzhou](/wiki/Zhuzhou \"Zhuzhou\"), [Huaihua](/wiki/Huaihua \"Huaihua\"), [Kaili](/wiki/Kaili_City \"Kaili City\"), [Guiyang](/wiki/Guiyang \"Guiyang\"), [Anshun](/wiki/Anshun \"Anshun\"), [Qujing](/wiki/Qujing \"Qujing\"), and Kunming.\n\n", "Line description\n----------------\n\nThe Hukun Line is [double track](/wiki/Double_track \"Double track\") from [Shanghai's South Station](/wiki/Shanghai_South_railway_station \"Shanghai South railway station\") to [Liupanshui](/wiki/Liupanshui \"Liupanshui\") and [single\\-track railway](/wiki/Single_track_%28rail%29 \"Single track (rail)\") for about from Liupanshui to Kunming. The [speed limit](/wiki/Speed_limit \"Speed limit\") for the line is from Shanghai to [Zhuzhou](/wiki/Zhuzhou \"Zhuzhou\") and from Zhuzhou to [Huaihua](/wiki/Huaihua \"Huaihua\"). The entire line is [electrified](/wiki/Railway_electrification_system \"Railway electrification system\").\n[thumb\\\|left\\\|250px\\\|The Guiyang\\-Kunming Railway crossing the Kedu River near Liupanshui, Guizhou.](/wiki/File:Kedu_River_Railway_Bridge_-_panoramio.jpg \"Kedu River Railway Bridge - panoramio.jpg\")\nThe [Shanghai–Kunming high\\-speed railway](/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Kunming_High-Speed_Railway \"Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway\") runs parallel to the Shanghai–Kunming Railway.\n\n", "History\n-------\n\nThe Shanghai–Kunming Railway has four major segments, which were built over a span of 70 years. In 2006, after the [Ministry of Railways](/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_%28China%29 \"Ministry of Railways (China)\") rebuilt sections along route and increased train travel speed, the four lines were collectively referred to as one.\n\n* [Shanghai–Hangzhou Railway](/wiki/Shanghai%E2%80%93Hangzhou_Railway \"Shanghai–Hangzhou Railway\") (Huhang Line ), in length, was built between 1906 and 1909 and connects Shanghai and Hangzhou.\n* [Zhejiang–Jiangxi Railway](/wiki/Zhejiang%E2%80%93Jiangxi_Railway \"Zhejiang–Jiangxi Railway\") (Zhegan Line ), in length, was built between 1899 and 1937 and connected Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, with [Zhuzhou](/wiki/Zhuzhou \"Zhuzhou\"), in northern [Hunan](/wiki/Hunan \"Hunan\") province.\n* [Hunan–Guizhou Railway](/wiki/Hunan%E2%80%93Guizhou_Railway \"Hunan–Guizhou Railway\") (Xiangqian Line ), in length, was begun in 1937, halted in 1939 by [World War II](/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War \"Second Sino-Japanese War\"), restarted in 1953 and completed in 1975\\. It runs from Zhuzhou to Guiyang, capital of Guizhou Province.\n* [Guiyang–Kunming Railway](/wiki/Guiyang%E2%80%93Kunming_Railway \"Guiyang–Kunming Railway\") (Guikun Line ), in length, was built between 1958 and 1970, and connects Guiyang and Kunming. It was electrified in 1980\\.\n", "Accidents\n---------\n\nOn May 23, 2010 (UTC\\+8\\), a passenger train [derailed](/wiki/2010_Jiangxi_train_derailment \"2010 Jiangxi train derailment\") after heavy rains caused mudslides on the Hukun Line in Jiangxi Province, killing 19 passengers and injuring 71\\.\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Documentary about the Guikun line.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2mxThWOXC0)\n", "See also\n--------\n\n* [List of railways in China](/wiki/List_of_railways_in_China \"List of railways in China\")\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Railway lines in China](/wiki/Category:Railway_lines_in_China \"Railway lines in China\")\n[Category:Rail transport in Shanghai](/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_in_Shanghai \"Rail transport in Shanghai\")\n[Category:Rail transport in Zhejiang](/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_in_Zhejiang \"Rail transport in Zhejiang\")\n[Category:Rail transport in Jiangxi](/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_in_Jiangxi \"Rail transport in Jiangxi\")\n[Category:Rail transport in Hunan](/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_in_Hunan \"Rail transport in Hunan\")\n[Category:Rail transport in Guizhou](/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_in_Guizhou \"Rail transport in Guizhou\")\n[Category:Rail transport in Yunnan](/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_in_Yunnan \"Rail transport in Yunnan\")\n\n \n\n[Category:25 kV AC railway electrification](/wiki/Category:25_kV_AC_railway_electrification \"25 kV AC railway electrification\")\n\n" ] }
Oliva westralis	{ "id": [ 16706260 ], "name": [ "BathyMetrix" ] }	lszrsn9wia583ii6djkid4hx3a2locs	2023-09-13T12:07:09Z	1,174,838,168	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Description", "Distribution", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\n*Oliva westralis* is a [species](/wiki/Species \"Species\") of [sea snail](/wiki/Sea_snail \"Sea snail\"), a marine [gastropod](/wiki/Gastropod \"Gastropod\") [mollusk](/wiki/Mollusk \"Mollusk\") in the [family](/wiki/Family_%28biology%29 \"Family (biology)\") [Olividae](/wiki/Olividae \"Olividae\"), the olives.\n\n", "Description\n-----------\n\nThis species attains a size of 35 mm.\n\n", "Distribution\n------------\n\n[Queensland](/wiki/Queensland \"Queensland\"), [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\").\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[westralis](/wiki/Category:Oliva_%28gastropod%29 \"Oliva (gastropod)\")\n[Category:Gastropods described in 1986](/wiki/Category:Gastropods_described_in_1986 \"Gastropods described in 1986\")\n\n \n\n" ] }
Abzucht	{ "id": [ 326639 ], "name": [ "Davemck" ] }	kaaged4cqzjpb7ljzk334xlxme48vne	2021-06-09T22:09:00Z	1,027,763,825	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Geography", "History", "References", "Sources" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nThe Abzucht, also known in its upper reaches as the Wintertalbach, is a long, [orographically](/wiki/Orography \"Orography\") left\\-hand, [tributary](/wiki/Tributary \"Tributary\") of the [Oker](/wiki/Oker \"Oker\") in [Lower Saxony](/wiki/Lower_Saxony \"Lower Saxony\"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\"). The stream flows through the town of [Goslar](/wiki/Goslar \"Goslar\").\n\n", "Geography\n---------\n\nThe Abzucht rises in the upper Winter valley (Wintertal) as the Wintertalbach at an elevation of [NN](/wiki/Normalnull \"Normalnull\"). Its source lies on the northeast flank of the [Schalke](/wiki/Schalke_%28Harz%29 \"Schalke (Harz)\"). From here the stream flows initially in a northeasterly direction. West of the [Rammelsberg](/wiki/Rammelsberg \"Rammelsberg\") the Abzucht is impounded by the [Herzberger Teich](/wiki/Rammelsberg%23Herzberger_Teich \"Rammelsberg#Herzberger Teich\"). Below this pond the canalised stream passes through the area of the [Rammelsberg Mine](/wiki/Rammelsberg_Mine \"Rammelsberg Mine\") and reaches the southern edge of the town of [Goslar](/wiki/Goslar \"Goslar\"). Here it is joined by the [Gose](/wiki/Gose_%28river%29 \"Gose (river)\") from the left before the Abzucht swings towards the east. After running through the Old Town (Altstadt) of Goslar it continues on, accompanied by the [B 498](/wiki/Bundestra%C3%9Fe_B_498 \"Bundestraße B 498\") federal road to Goslar\\-Oker where it discharges into the [Oker](/wiki/Oker \"Oker\") from the left at an elevation of .\n\nAlong its long course the Abzucht descends a total of , which represents an average incline of 15\\.5 [‰](/wiki/Per_mille \"Per mille\"). The stream drains a catchment area of before its waters pass down the Oker, [Aller](/wiki/Aller_%28Germany%29 \"Aller (Germany)\") and [Weser](/wiki/Weser \"Weser\") to the [North Sea](/wiki/North_Sea \"North Sea\").\n\n", "History\n-------\n\nWhile the water of the Gose can be used for brewing ([Gose](/wiki/Gose \"Gose\") Beer), the Abzucht was heavily polluted by mining on the Rammelsberg. The name is derived from the word Abziehen i.e. 'flushing' or 'removing' the contaminated waters of the smelting works.Adelung, Grammatisch\\-kritisches Wörterbuch der Hochdeutschen Mundart, Band 1\\. Leipzig 1793, p. 141\n\nIn the area of the Winter valley and the Rammelsberg Mine the Abzucht drove [water wheels](/wiki/Water_wheels \"Water wheels\") and was used for washing the ore. Inside the town walls and outside on its way to its confluence with the Oker it drove numerous water wheels that supplied the mills or other industrial works ([fulling mills](/wiki/Fulling_mill \"Fulling mill\"), [saw mills](/wiki/Saw_mill \"Saw mill\"), etc.) with energy. The use of its name interchangeably after its confluence with the Gose is still reflected today in several road names, such as An der Abzucht, An der Gose or Abzuchtstraße.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "Sources\n-------\n\n* [http://cdl.niedersachsen.de/blob/images/C22234659\\_L20\\.pdf](http://cdl.niedersachsen.de/blob/images/C22234659_L20.pdf) Nds. Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft und Küstenschutz (NLWK), Gewässergütebericht Oker 2002, 2002\\.\n\n[Category:Rivers of Lower Saxony](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Lower_Saxony \"Rivers of Lower Saxony\")\n[Category:Rivers of the Harz](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_the_Harz \"Rivers of the Harz\")\n[Category:Rivers of Germany](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Germany \"Rivers of Germany\")\n\n" ] }
Ataliva Roca	{ "id": [ 8713122 ], "name": [ "Cyfraw" ] }	krvfsvjqt75fq55lmxh6tilbzno6h6s	2024-02-25T17:23:11Z	1,210,237,871	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "References" ], "level": [ 1, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nAtaliva Roca is a village and rural locality (municipality) in the department of [Utracán](/wiki/Utrac%C3%A1n_Department \"Utracán Department\") in [La Pampa Province](/wiki/La_Pampa_Province \"La Pampa Province\") in [Argentina](/wiki/Argentina \"Argentina\").[Ministerio del Interior](http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/) Founded on September 20, 1902, it is 45 km (28 miles) South of [Santa Rosa](/wiki/Santa_Rosa%2C_La_Pampa \"Santa Rosa, La Pampa\"), the capital city of La Pampa. It is connected to Santa Rosa by RN 35 highway. According to the 2001 Argentine Census, its population is 557, a 14\\.4% increase from the 1991 census.\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n[Category:Populated places in La Pampa Province](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_La_Pampa_Province \"Populated places in La Pampa Province\")\n\n" ] }
Ban Waen	{ "id": [ 877242 ], "name": [ "InedibleHulk" ] }	dcp4hdkp627ajrkdihasnkpt4t47mgt	2023-01-07T18:36:26Z	1,071,341,368	{ "title": [ "Introduction", "Administration", "Central administration", "Local administration", "References", "External links" ], "level": [ 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2 ], "content": [ "\n\nBan Waen () is a [tambon](/wiki/Tambon \"Tambon\") (subdistrict) of [Hang Dong District](/wiki/Hang_Dong_District \"Hang Dong District\"), in [Chiang Mai Province](/wiki/Chiang_Mai_Province \"Chiang Mai Province\"), [Thailand](/wiki/Thailand \"Thailand\"). In 2020, it had a population of 11,356\\.\n\n", "Administration\n--------------\n\n### Central administration\n\nThe tambon is subdivided into 13 administrative villages ([muban](/wiki/Muban \"Muban\")).\n\n\| No. \| Name \| Thai \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1\\. \| Ban Rai \| บ้านไร่ \|\n\| 2\\. \| Ban Khong Khao \\- Ban Waen \| บ้านโขงขาว\\-บ้านแหวน \|\n\| 3\\. \| Ban Thao Bun Rueang \| บ้านท้าวบุญเรือง \|\n\| 4\\. \| Ban Chang Kham Noi \| บ้านช่างคำน้อย \|\n\| 5\\. \| Ban Chang Kham Luang \| บ้านช่างคำหลวง \|\n\| 6\\. \| Ban Pak Kong \| บ้านปากกอง \|\n\| 7\\. \| Ban Pa Mak \| บ้านป่าหมาก \|\n\| 8\\. \| Ban Ton Hueat \| บ้านต้นเฮือด \|\n\| 9\\. \| Ban Duea \| บ้านเดื่อ \|\n\| 10\\. \| Ban Chom Thong \| บ้านจอมทอง \|\n\| 11\\. \| Ban Du \| บ้านดู่ \|\n\| 12\\. \| Ban Don Fai \| บ้านดอนไฟ \|\n\| 13\\. \| Ban Si San \| บ้านศรีสรร \|\n\n### Local administration\n\nThe whole area of the subdistrict is covered by the subdistrict municipality ([Thesaban Tambon](/wiki/Thesaban%23Subdistrict_municipality \"Thesaban#Subdistrict municipality\")) Ban Waen (เทศบาลตำบลบ้านแหวน).\n\n", "### Central administration\n\nThe tambon is subdivided into 13 administrative villages ([muban](/wiki/Muban \"Muban\")).\n\n\| No. \| Name \| Thai \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1\\. \| Ban Rai \| บ้านไร่ \|\n\| 2\\. \| Ban Khong Khao \\- Ban Waen \| บ้านโขงขาว\\-บ้านแหวน \|\n\| 3\\. \| Ban Thao Bun Rueang \| บ้านท้าวบุญเรือง \|\n\| 4\\. \| Ban Chang Kham Noi \| บ้านช่างคำน้อย \|\n\| 5\\. \| Ban Chang Kham Luang \| บ้านช่างคำหลวง \|\n\| 6\\. \| Ban Pak Kong \| บ้านปากกอง \|\n\| 7\\. \| Ban Pa Mak \| บ้านป่าหมาก \|\n\| 8\\. \| Ban Ton Hueat \| บ้านต้นเฮือด \|\n\| 9\\. \| Ban Duea \| บ้านเดื่อ \|\n\| 10\\. \| Ban Chom Thong \| บ้านจอมทอง \|\n\| 11\\. \| Ban Du \| บ้านดู่ \|\n\| 12\\. \| Ban Don Fai \| บ้านดอนไฟ \|\n\| 13\\. \| Ban Si San \| บ้านศรีสรร \|\n\n", "### Local administration\n\nThe whole area of the subdistrict is covered by the subdistrict municipality ([Thesaban Tambon](/wiki/Thesaban%23Subdistrict_municipality \"Thesaban#Subdistrict municipality\")) Ban Waen (เทศบาลตำบลบ้านแหวน).\n\n", "References\n----------\n\n", "External links\n--------------\n\n* [Thaitambon.com on Ban Waen](http://www.thaitambon.com/tambon/501507)\n\n[Category:Tambon of Chiang Mai province](/wiki/Category:Tambon_of_Chiang_Mai_province \"Tambon of Chiang Mai province\")\n[Category:Populated places in Chiang Mai province](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Chiang_Mai_province \"Populated places in Chiang Mai province\")\n\n" ] }

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