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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chaupihuasi
|
{
"id": [
8713122
],
"name": [
"Cyfraw"
]
}
|
8soev3s35ebqtk1l3gti7dj4c0o8meo
|
2024-04-24T17:55:42Z
| 1,081,774,573 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Chaupihuasi** is a municipality and village in [La Rioja Province](/wiki/La_Rioja_Province_%28Argentina%29 \"La Rioja Province (Argentina)\") in northwestern [Argentina](/wiki/Argentina \"Argentina\").[Ministerio del Interior](http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/) \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Populated places in La Rioja Province, Argentina](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_La_Rioja_Province%2C_Argentina \"Populated places in La Rioja Province, Argentina\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Centre for Studies on Federalism
|
{
"id": [
12248341
],
"name": [
"Fred Gandt"
]
}
|
sz2lmaon83x4nk8oqath8v1q5ahg89r
|
2023-02-14T16:22:25Z
| 968,028,195 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Structure and mission",
"Research",
"Events and activities",
"See also",
"Notes",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Centre for Studies on Federalism** (CSF) was established in November 2000 with the primary purpose of studying and researching the theory and practice of [Federalism](/wiki/Federalism \"Federalism\") both as a political doctrine and in its implementation in the institutional systems of the Modern [state](/wiki/State_%28polity%29 \"State (polity)\"). CSF's main focus is on the infra\\-national, macro\\-regional and global scale of federalism: it specifically considers [regional integration](/wiki/Regional_integration \"Regional integration\") at a time of [globalisation](/wiki/Globalisation \"Globalisation\"), with special reference to [Europe](/wiki/Europe \"Europe\"), its history and civilization, its progress towards unification and its future.\n\n",
"Structure and mission\n---------------------\n\nCSF is housed at the [Collegio Carlo Alberto](/wiki/Collegio_Carlo_Alberto \"Collegio Carlo Alberto\") in [Turin](/wiki/Turin \"Turin\"). It was established as a research centre jointly with the [University of Pavia](/wiki/University_of_Pavia \"University of Pavia\") and [University of Turin](/wiki/University_of_Turin \"University of Turin\"), with the Foundation Compagnia di San Paolo, and was subsequently joined by the [University of Milan](/wiki/University_of_Milan \"University of Milan\"). \nThe purpose of CSF – as stated in its Statute of Association is to promote and coordinate scientific research on studies on federalism, as well promoting and coordinating activities with member universities and other Italian and foreign international universities and research centres. Furthermore, CSF also cooperates with private and public agencies and bodies interested in promoting fostering the development of knowledge and implementation of federalist principles. \nThe CSF is governed by a Board which sets the guidelines for the scientific projects and fund allocation, the Steering Committee, the Board of Auditors and by a Scientific Committee whose members are renowned international scholars and experts of federalism. The administrative and scientific staff also include researchers from several universities and fields of research, including Law, Economics, Social, Political Science and History. Lastly, CSF's Library contains some 12,000 books volumes, subscribes to 70 newspapers, journals and magazines. It also houses 500 ones titles that are no longer in print as well as a number of special collections bequeathed to the centre, such as the CIME Archive of the Italian Council of the [European Movement](/wiki/European_Movement \"European Movement\") and the online document summary of the [Altiero Spinelli](/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli \"Altiero Spinelli\") Collection, of which the hard copies are at Historical Archives of the [European Union](/wiki/European_Union \"European Union\") administered by the European University Institute in [Florence](/wiki/Florence \"Florence\").\n\n",
"Research\n--------\n\nResearch at the CSF is aimed at furthering the development of knowledge on the various aspects of Federalism, promoting debate in the public arena by studying and researching the public arena through studies and research on the above and to encourage researchers and experts to contribute to the discussion on European and international issues. \nOur Research Papers [Research Papers](http://www.csfederalismo.it/index.php/en/research/research-programmes) are addressed to Academia but also cover the facets and issues of interest for diplomats, politicians and several other professional arenas. \nFurthermore, CSF activity includes a number of editorial projects, in\\-depth studies, monitoring and surveying of global trends related to processes of federation, regional integration and international [democracy](/wiki/Democracy \"Democracy\"). These include:\n\n* **Perspectives on Federalism**: an online journal with a forum on federalism in all tiers of government – regional and global sub\\-national authorities. [Perspectives on Federalism](http://www.on-federalism.eu/index.php)\n* **Bibliographical Bulletin on Federalism**: an online quarterly offering providing an overview of articles on Federalism from 700 Italian, English, French, German and Spanish journals and papers. [Bulletin on Federalism](https://archive.today/20120630114432/http://www.federalism-bulletin.eu/)\n* **International Democracy Watch**: a portal whose purpose is to collect, compare and analyse a set of data to monitor progress and developments of democracy, international institutions and agencies, assessing such changes through regular monitoring;\n* Operations within the framework of the **Common Security and Defence Policy** (EU CSDP Operations): these projects are aimed at gathering information for a comparative analysis of military, policing and state operations within the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) since 2003\\. [EU CSDP Operations](http://www.csfederalismo.it/index.php/en/projects/eu-csdp-operations) \n* The **Fiscal Federalism Watch** to gain a better understanding of the reorganization of the Italian public finance system in Italy and what the consequences of a constitutional reform needed for fiscal federalism would be [Fiscal Federalism Watch](http://www.csfederalismo.it/index.php/en/projects/fiscal-federalism-watch) \n",
"Events and activities\n---------------------\n\nCSF organises meetings and seminars jointly with other institutions and research bodies [CSF Partners](http://www.csfederalismo.it/index.php/en/resourches-and-links) devoted to a more comprehensive understanding of certain topics or to the presentation of books some of which published by CSF. [CSF \"Studies\" Series](http://www.csfederalismo.it/index.php/en/publications/studies-series) The Altiero Spinelli Lecture is the CSF's most important academic event: a yearly conference with a keynote lecture (lectio magistralis) held by an internationally renowned expert or academic on a European or Federalist topic. [Lecture Altiero Spinelli](http://www.csfederalismo.it/index.php/en/projects/lecture-altiero-spinelli) The idea of naming the lecture after Altiero Spinelli, one of the founding fathers of European Federalism, came from the need for an ad hoc conference to study [European integration](/wiki/European_integration \"European integration\") more in depth. CSF also offers and Education programme, with post graduate courses in Law and Business, [L\\&B](http://www.csfederalismo.it/index.php/en/activities/training) organised with the Turin University Institute of European Studies, [IUSE](http://www.iuse.it/en/) aimed at offering advanced studies on law and economics with a special focus on to the internal EU market.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Alexander Hamilton](/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton \"Alexander Hamilton\")\n* [Altiero Spinelli](/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli \"Altiero Spinelli\")\n* [Carl Joachim Friedrich](/wiki/Carl_Joachim_Friedrich \"Carl Joachim Friedrich\")\n* [Carlo Cattaneo](/wiki/Carlo_Cattaneo \"Carlo Cattaneo\")\n* [Daniel J. Elazar](/wiki/Daniel_J._Elazar \"Daniel J. Elazar\")\n* [Ernesto Rossi](/wiki/Ernesto_Rossi_%28politician%29 \"Ernesto Rossi (politician)\")\n* [European Federalist Movement](/wiki/European_Federalist_Movement \"European Federalist Movement\")\n* [European Integration](/wiki/European_Integration \"European Integration\")\n* [European Union](/wiki/European_Union \"European Union\")\n* [Federalism](/wiki/Federalism \"Federalism\")\n* [Federalist Papers](/wiki/Federalist_Papers \"Federalist Papers\")\n* [Federation](/wiki/Federation \"Federation\")\n* [Fiscal federalism](/wiki/Fiscal_federalism \"Fiscal federalism\")\n* [History of European Union](/wiki/History_of_European_Union \"History of European Union\")\n* [John Robert Seeley](/wiki/John_Robert_Seeley \"John Robert Seeley\")\n* [Kenneth Wheare](/wiki/Kenneth_Wheare \"Kenneth Wheare\")\n* [International organization](/wiki/International_organization \"International organization\")\n* [Lionel Robbins](/wiki/Lionel_Robbins \"Lionel Robbins\")\n* [Luigi Einaudi](/wiki/Luigi_Einaudi \"Luigi Einaudi\")\n* [Philip Henry Kerr](/wiki/Philip_Henry_Kerr \"Philip Henry Kerr\")\n* [Pierre\\-Joseph Proudhon](/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon \"Pierre-Joseph Proudhon\")\n* [Regional integration](/wiki/Regional_integration \"Regional integration\")\n* [Regionalism (politics)](/wiki/Regionalism_%28politics%29 \"Regionalism (politics)\")\n* [Young European Federalists](/wiki/Young_European_Federalists \"Young European Federalists\")\n* [Ventotene Manifesto](/wiki/Ventotene_Manifesto \"Ventotene Manifesto\")\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Compagnia di San Paolo](https://web.archive.org/web/20100208155318/http://www.compagniadisanpaolo.it/)\n* [Collegio Carlo Alberto](https://web.archive.org/web/20100520121908/http://www.carloalberto.org/index.php)\n* [University of Turin](http://www.unito.it/)\n* [University of Pavia](https://web.archive.org/web/20100521040723/http://www.unipv.eu/on-line/Home.html)\n* [University of Milan](http://www.unimi.it/)\n* [European Federalist Movement](http://www.mfe.it/)\n* [Union of European Federalists](https://web.archive.org/web/20100412163456/http://en.federaleurope.org/)\n* [Altiero Spinelli Institute](http://www.istitutospinelli.org)\n* [Mario and Valeria Albertini Foundation](http://www.fondazionealbertini.org)\n\n[Centro Studi sul Federalismo](/wiki/Category:Universities_in_Italy \"Universities in Italy\")\n[Category:Political research institutes](/wiki/Category:Political_research_institutes \"Political research institutes\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Šljivovac, Kragujevac
|
{
"id": [
14232556
],
"name": [
"MirkoS18"
]
}
|
2gymigpmghluaio2locnf4csdsvs0c7
|
2024-07-27T20:45:18Z
| 973,825,155 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Šljivovac** () is a village in the [Kragujevac](/wiki/Kragujevac \"Kragujevac\") city area in the [Šumadija District](/wiki/%C5%A0umadija_District \"Šumadija District\"), [Serbia](/wiki/Serbia \"Serbia\"). According to the 2011 census there were 417 inhabitants.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Populated places in Šumadija District](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_%C5%A0umadija_District \"Populated places in Šumadija District\")\n\n"
]
}
|
John Strelecky
|
{
"id": [
47899636
],
"name": [
"Meena1998"
]
}
|
kty6au58f7qzpeta50x244wn64qg4da
|
2024-05-24T07:47:03Z
| 1,221,901,110 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Writing",
"Books",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb](/wiki/File:John-Strelecky-Headshot-Final.jpg \"John-Strelecky-Headshot-Final.jpg\")\n\n**John Strelecky** (born September 13, 1969\\) is an American author of [motivational](/wiki/Motivation \"Motivation\") books and the creator of the Big Five for Life concept.\n\nAs of 2022, Strelecky's books have sold more than nine million copies worldwide and have been translated into 43 languages.\n\n",
"Writing\n-------\n\nIn 2002, Strelecky wrote his first book, *The Café on the Edge of the World*. The book was initially self\\-published, but after it had sold more than ten thousand copies across twenty\\-four countries in less than a year, he was signed by a literary agent.\n\nThe book was a best\\-seller in Singapore, then Taiwan. In 2009, it was released in [French Canada](/wiki/French_Canadians \"French Canadians\") under the title *Le Why Café*. In Germany, translated as *Das Café am Rande der Welt*, it has been a *[Der Spiegel](/wiki/Der_Spiegel \"Der Spiegel\")* best\\-seller in its category since 2015\\.\n\n",
"Books\n-----\n\nStrelecky has authored the following books:\n* *The Café on The Edge of The World* \n* *Return to The Café on The Edge of The World*\n* *The Big Five for Life*\n* *The Big Five for Life Continued*\n* *Life Safari*\n* *AHAS! \\- Moments of Inspired Thought*\n* *How to be Rich and Happy*\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:American self\\-help writers](/wiki/Category:American_self-help_writers \"American self-help writers\")\n[Category:American spiritual writers](/wiki/Category:American_spiritual_writers \"American spiritual writers\")\n[Category:Writers from Florida](/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Florida \"Writers from Florida\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:1969 births](/wiki/Category:1969_births \"1969 births\")\n[Category:Kellogg School of Management alumni](/wiki/Category:Kellogg_School_of_Management_alumni \"Kellogg School of Management alumni\")\n\n"
]
}
|
On Wings of Song: The Performance Recordings of Josephine A. Estill 1939–1974
|
{
"id": [
5229428
],
"name": [
"Rsjaffe"
]
}
|
edr0gfbzwmvrpwfo98ig8u2wcjh8e0i
|
2021-08-03T23:13:32Z
| 1,001,531,884 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Track listing",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***On Wings of Song: The Performance Recordings of Josephine A. Estill 1939–1974*** is a compilation album on four CDs featuring performances by [Jo Estill](/wiki/Jo_Estill \"Jo Estill\"). The album is taken from original live recordings by Charles M. \"Bud\" Edmonds of [Colorado Springs](/wiki/Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Colorado Springs, Colorado\"), [Colorado](/wiki/Colorado \"Colorado\"), United States. The album was remastered at Banquet Studios, [Sebastopol, California](/wiki/Sebastopol%2C_California \"Sebastopol, California\"), United States during 2008–2009, with sound engineer Darryl Webb and produced by Alice Estill Miller. The album sleeve notes credit special thanks to Zana Timroth, Donald P. Jenkins, Kim Steinhauer and Steven Chicurel.\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\nDisk 1 (The Early Years 1939–1950\\)\n\n| \\# | Title | Writer(s) | Musician(s) | Notes | Year | Length |\n| 1\\. | \"KQV \\- Theme \\- Cuban Love Song\" | | Tipton, piano | Pittsburg Radio Station Show | 1939 | 1:24 |\n| 2\\. | \"Begin the Beguine\" | | | [Inglewood Park Cemetery](/wiki/Inglewood_Park_Cemetery \"Inglewood Park Cemetery\") Assn., Inglewood Park, [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\"), CA\n\n 1944\n\n 3:30 |\n| 3\\. | \"Don't You Know\" | | | 2:06 |\n| 4\\. | \"Sophisticated Lady\" | | | 2:15 |\n| 5\\. | \"On Wings of Song\" | [Felix Mendelssohn](/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn \"Felix Mendelssohn\") | Inglewood Park quartet | 1945\n\n 3:08 |\n| 6\\. | \"Adele's Laughing Song\" | [Johann Strauss II](/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II \"Johann Strauss II\") | | 3:35 |\n| 7\\. | \"Oft in the Silent Night\" | [Sergei Rachmaninoff](/wiki/Sergei_Rachmaninoff \"Sergei Rachmaninoff\") | | 2:38 |\n| 8\\. | \"Adazietto\" | [Georges Bizet](/wiki/Georges_Bizet \"Georges Bizet\")\n\n |\n 4:03 |\n| 9\\. | Ourvre Ton Coeur | | 2:22 |\n| 10\\. | \"Dance a Cachuca\" | [Gilbert and Sullivan](/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan \"Gilbert and Sullivan\")\n\n Inglewood Park Quartet |\n 1:35 |\n| 11\\. | \"The Moon and I with Intro\" | Earl Towner, conductor | 3:03 |\n| 12\\. | [Stairway to Stardom](/wiki/Stairway_to_Stardom \"Stairway to Stardom\") \\- Interview | | | Stairway to Stardom, Columbine Network, [The Broadmoor](/wiki/The_Broadmoor \"The Broadmoor\"), [Colorado Springs](/wiki/Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Colorado Springs, Colorado\"), CO\n\n 1947\n\n 1:42 |\n| 13\\. | \"Un Bel Di\" | [Giacomo Puccini](/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini \"Giacomo Puccini\") | | 1:43 |\n| 14\\. | \"Starke Scheide\" ([Götterdämmerung](/wiki/G%C3%B6tterd%C3%A4mmerung \"Götterdämmerung\")) | [Richard Wagner](/wiki/Richard_Wagner \"Richard Wagner\")\n\n Max Lanner, piano\n\n [Colorado College](/wiki/Colorado_College \"Colorado College\"), [Colorado Springs](/wiki/Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado \"Colorado Springs, Colorado\"), CO\n\n 1950\n\n 4:00 |\n| 15\\. | \"Brunhilde's Immolation\" | 3:44 |\n| 16\\. | \"Mein Erbe\" ([Götterdämmerung](/wiki/G%C3%B6tterd%C3%A4mmerung \"Götterdämmerung\")) | 4:14 |\n| 17\\. | \"Immolation Finale\" | 1:47 |\n| 18\\. | \"Du Bist der Lange\" | 9:47 |\n| 19\\. | \"Mild und Heise Liebestad\" | 4:52 |\n\nDisk 2 (Classical Repertoire 1960–1969\\)\n\n| \\# | Title | Writer(s) | Musician(s) | Notes | Year | Length |\n| 1\\. | \"Kyrie\" ([Great Mass in C minor](/wiki/Great_Mass_in_C_minor \"Great Mass in C minor\")) | [Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart](/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart \"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart\")\n\n |\n Colorado Springs Chorale\n\n 1965\n\n 5:42 |\n| 2\\. | \"Laudamus Te\" ([Great Mass in C minor](/wiki/Great_Mass_in_C_minor \"Great Mass in C minor\")) | | 4:17 |\n| 3\\. | \"Et Incarnatus Est\" ([Great Mass in C minor](/wiki/Great_Mass_in_C_minor \"Great Mass in C minor\")) | | 7:42 |\n| 4\\. | \"Messiah 14, 15, 16\" ([Messiah](/wiki/Messiah_%28Handel%29 \"Messiah (Handel)\")) | [George Frideric Handel](/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel \"George Frideric Handel\")\n\n |\n 1964\n\n 2:31 |\n| 5\\. | \"Messiah 18 \\- Rejoice!\" ([Messiah](/wiki/Messiah_%28Handel%29 \"Messiah (Handel)\")) | | 4:42 |\n| 6\\. | \"Messiah \\- Lullaby\" ([Messiah](/wiki/Messiah_%28Handel%29 \"Messiah (Handel)\")) | | 4:19 |\n| 7\\. | \"C'est l'extase\" (Ariettes oubliées) | [Claude Debussy](/wiki/Claude_Debussy \"Claude Debussy\")\n\n |\n |\n 1963\n\n 2:35 |\n| 8\\. | \"Il pleure dans mon cœur comme il pleut sur la ville\" (Ariettes oubliées) | | | 1:45 |\n| 9\\. | \"L'ombre des arbres\" (Ariettes oubliées) | | | 2:18 |\n| 10\\. | \"Chevaux de bois\" (Ariettes oubliées) | | | 2:54 |\n| 11\\. | \"Green: Voici des fruits, des fleurs, des feuilles\" (Ariettes oubliées) | | | 2:07 |\n| 12\\. | \"Spleen: Les roses étaient toutes rouges\" (Ariettes oubliées) | | | 2:03 |\n| 13\\. | \"Bachianas Brasileiras \\#5\" ([Bachianas Brasileiras](/wiki/Bachianas_Brasileiras \"Bachianas Brasileiras\")) | [Heitor Villa\\-Lobos](/wiki/Heitor_Villa-Lobos \"Heitor Villa-Lobos\") | 8 cellos | Colorado Springs Symphony | 6:37 |\n| 14\\. | \"Psalm 100\" | [Ned Rorem](/wiki/Ned_Rorem \"Ned Rorem\")\n\n |\n |\n 1964\n\n 1:36 |\n| 15\\. | \"Echo's Song\" | | | 2:13 |\n| 16\\. | \"Silver Swan\" | | | 3:35 |\n| 17\\. | \"Spring\" | | | 2:03 |\n| 18\\. | \"What If Some Little Pain\" | | | 2:12 |\n\nDisk 3 (Religious Repertoire 1970–1974\\)\n\n| \\# | Title | Writer(s) | Musician(s) | Notes | Year | Length |\n| 1\\. | \"The 23rd Psalm\" | | | Church solos with organ\n\n 1970\n\n 3:14 |\n| 2\\. | \"The 91st Psalm\" | | | 4:00 |\n| 3\\. | \"God So Loved the World\" | | | 3:56 |\n| 4\\. | \"Thine Is The Greatness and the Power\" | | | 3:29 |\n| 5\\. | \"Whither Shall I Go Forth\" | | | 3:38 |\n| 6\\. | \"What Manner of Love\" | | | 5:29 |\n| 7\\. | \"How Beautiful Upon the Mountains\" | | | 5:36 |\n| 8\\. | \"So Near to God Am I\" | | | 2:29 |\n| 9\\. | \"The Lord Is My Light\" | | | 3:23 |\n| 10\\. | \"Love Is of God\" | | | 3:51 |\n| 11\\. | \"Think On These Things\" | | | 3:11 |\n| 12\\. | \"Sanctus, Benedictus\" excerpt ([Missa Solemnis](/wiki/Missa_Solemnis_%28Beethoven%29 \"Missa Solemnis (Beethoven)\")) | [Ludwig van Beethoven](/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven \"Ludwig van Beethoven\")\n\n |\n Colorado Springs Chorale\n\n 1974\n\n 7:39 |\n| 13\\. | \"Agnes Dei\" ([Missa Solemnis](/wiki/Missa_Solemnis_%28Beethoven%29 \"Missa Solemnis (Beethoven)\")) | | 15:39 |\n\nDisk 4 (Opera 1970–1974 \\& Comments 2007\\)\n\n| \\# | Title | Writer(s) | Musician(s) | Notes | Year | Length |\n| 1\\. | \"4th Movement\" (Requiem For Rossini) | [Giuseppe Verdi](/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi \"Giuseppe Verdi\") | | Colorado Springs Chorale \\& Symphony | 1964 | 14:36 |\n| 2\\. | \"Senza mamma: Sister Angelica\" ([Suor Angelica](/wiki/Suor_Angelica \"Suor Angelica\")) | [Giacomo Puccini](/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini \"Giacomo Puccini\")\n\n |\n Colorado Springs Opera Association\n\n 1963\n\n 4:47 |\n| 3\\. | \"Sister Angelica Finale\" ([Suor Angelica](/wiki/Suor_Angelica \"Suor Angelica\")) | | 3:42 |\n| 4\\. | \"Duet: Santuzza\\-Mamma Lucia\" ([Cavalleria rusticana](/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana \"Cavalleria rusticana\")) | [Pietro Mascagni](/wiki/Pietro_Mascagni \"Pietro Mascagni\")\n\n |\n 1964\n\n 2:20 |\n| 5\\. | \"We Will Sing of the Lord Victorius\" ([Cavalleria rusticana](/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana \"Cavalleria rusticana\")) | | 4:31 |\n| 6\\. | \"Now You Shall Know\" ([Cavalleria rusticana](/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana \"Cavalleria rusticana\")) | | 5:36 |\n| 7\\. | \"Beat Me \\- Insult Me\" ([Cavalleria rusticana](/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana \"Cavalleria rusticana\")) | | 3:29 |\n| 8\\. | \"Trio\" ([Cavalleria rusticana](/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana \"Cavalleria rusticana\")) | | 2:51 |\n| 9\\. | \"Love Me Again\" ([Cavalleria rusticana](/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana \"Cavalleria rusticana\")) | | 5:01 |\n| 10\\. | \"Santuzza and Alfio\" ([Cavalleria rusticana](/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana \"Cavalleria rusticana\")) | | 3:21 |\n| 11\\. | \"For Them There is No Ransom\" ([Cavalleria rusticana](/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana \"Cavalleria rusticana\")) | | 1:50 |\n| 12\\. | Act 1 Duet ([Tosca](/wiki/Tosca \"Tosca\")) | [Giacomo Puccini](/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini \"Giacomo Puccini\")\n\n |\n 1965\n\n 3:34 |\n| 13\\. | \"Vissi d'arte\" ([Tosca](/wiki/Tosca \"Tosca\")) | | 3:21 |\n| 14\\. | Comments on Voice Training | | | At the Estill Institute, Boulder, Colorado | 2006 | 10:22 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:2009 albums](/wiki/Category:2009_albums \"2009 albums\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Marjan Živković
|
{
"id": [
29463730
],
"name": [
"PrimeBOT"
]
}
|
r5l8kwrfx2tzoe2zam6xpes9rnx7z9y
|
2024-10-15T23:38:56Z
| 1,245,957,012 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Playing career",
"Managerial career",
"Career statistics",
"Honours",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Marjan Živković** (; born 21 May 1973\\) is a Serbian [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") manager and former player.\n\n",
"Playing career\n--------------\n\nAfter a brief stint at [Red Star Belgrade](/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade \"Red Star Belgrade\"), Živković joined [Obilić](/wiki/FK_Obili%C4%87 \"FK Obilić\") in 1994\\. He was a regular member of the team that won the championship in the [1997–98 season](/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_First_League_of_FR_Yugoslavia \"1997–98 First League of FR Yugoslavia\"). In 1999, Živković was transferred to Bulgarian club [Litex Lovech](/wiki/PFC_Litex_Lovech \"PFC Litex Lovech\"), alongside [Nebojša Jelenković](/wiki/Neboj%C5%A1a_Jelenkovi%C4%87 \"Nebojša Jelenković\").\n\n",
"Managerial career\n-----------------\n\nAfter hanging up his boots, Živković started his managerial career at his parent club [Radnički Pirot](/wiki/FK_Radni%C4%8Dki_Pirot \"FK Radnički Pirot\").\n\nFrom November 2021 to March 2022, Živković served as manager of Omani club [Al\\-Suwaiq](/wiki/Al-Suwaiq_Club \"Al-Suwaiq Club\").\n\n",
"Career statistics\n-----------------\n\n|Club\n\nSeason\n\nLeague\n\n| |\n| Apps | Goals |\n|[Obilić](/wiki/FK_Obili%C4%87 \"FK Obilić\")\n\n [1994–95](/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_First_League_of_FR_Yugoslavia \"1994–95 First League of FR Yugoslavia\") |\n 30 | 1 |\n| [1995–96](/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396_First_League_of_FR_Yugoslavia \"1995–96 First League of FR Yugoslavia\") | 21 | 1 |\n| [1996–97](/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_First_League_of_FR_Yugoslavia \"1996–97 First League of FR Yugoslavia\") | 29 | 0 |\n| [1997–98](/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_First_League_of_FR_Yugoslavia \"1997–98 First League of FR Yugoslavia\") | 28 | 7 |\n| [1998–99](/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_First_League_of_FR_Yugoslavia \"1998–99 First League of FR Yugoslavia\") | 20 | 2 |\n| Total | 128 | 11 |\n\n",
"Honours\n-------\n\n**Obilić**\n* [First League of FR Yugoslavia](/wiki/First_League_of_FR_Yugoslavia \"First League of FR Yugoslavia\"): [1997–98](/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_First_League_of_FR_Yugoslavia \"1997–98 First League of FR Yugoslavia\")\n* [FR Yugoslavia Cup](/wiki/FR_Yugoslavia_Cup \"FR Yugoslavia Cup\") runner\\-up: [1994–95](/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_FR_Yugoslavia_Cup \"1994–95 FR Yugoslavia Cup\"), [1997–98](/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_FR_Yugoslavia_Cup \"1997–98 FR Yugoslavia Cup\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1973 births](/wiki/Category:1973_births \"1973 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Pirot](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Pirot \"Sportspeople from Pirot\")\n[Category:Serbia and Montenegro men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Serbia_and_Montenegro_men%27s_footballers \"Serbia and Montenegro men's footballers\")\n[Category:Serbian men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Serbian_men%27s_footballers \"Serbian men's footballers\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:FK Radnički Pirot players](/wiki/Category:FK_Radni%C4%8Dki_Pirot_players \"FK Radnički Pirot players\")\n[Category:FK Mogren players](/wiki/Category:FK_Mogren_players \"FK Mogren players\")\n[Category:FK Radnički Niš players](/wiki/Category:FK_Radni%C4%8Dki_Ni%C5%A1_players \"FK Radnički Niš players\")\n[Category:Red Star Belgrade footballers](/wiki/Category:Red_Star_Belgrade_footballers \"Red Star Belgrade footballers\")\n[Category:FK Obilić players](/wiki/Category:FK_Obili%C4%87_players \"FK Obilić players\")\n[Category:FC Lovech players](/wiki/Category:FC_Lovech_players \"FC Lovech players\")\n[Category:FK Železnik players](/wiki/Category:FK_%C5%BDeleznik_players \"FK Železnik players\")\n[Category:OFK Beograd players](/wiki/Category:OFK_Beograd_players \"OFK Beograd players\")\n[Category:Nanjing Yoyo F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Nanjing_Yoyo_F.C._players \"Nanjing Yoyo F.C. players\")\n[Category:FK Hajduk Beograd players](/wiki/Category:FK_Hajduk_Beograd_players \"FK Hajduk Beograd players\")\n[Category:First League of Serbia and Montenegro players](/wiki/Category:First_League_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_players \"First League of Serbia and Montenegro players\")\n[Category:Serbia and Montenegro expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Serbia_and_Montenegro_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"Serbia and Montenegro expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Bulgaria \"Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in China](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_China \"Expatriate men's footballers in China\")\n[Category:Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria](/wiki/Category:Serbia_and_Montenegro_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Bulgaria \"Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria\")\n[Category:Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in China](/wiki/Category:Serbia_and_Montenegro_expatriate_sportspeople_in_China \"Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in China\")\n[Category:Serbian football managers](/wiki/Category:Serbian_football_managers \"Serbian football managers\")\n[Category:FK Radnički Pirot managers](/wiki/Category:FK_Radni%C4%8Dki_Pirot_managers \"FK Radnički Pirot managers\")\n[Category:FK Obilić managers](/wiki/Category:FK_Obili%C4%87_managers \"FK Obilić managers\")\n[Category:FK Kolubara managers](/wiki/Category:FK_Kolubara_managers \"FK Kolubara managers\")\n[Category:FK Novi Pazar managers](/wiki/Category:FK_Novi_Pazar_managers \"FK Novi Pazar managers\")\n[Category:FK Belasica managers](/wiki/Category:FK_Belasica_managers \"FK Belasica managers\")\n[Category:Al\\-Shabab SC (Kuwait) managers](/wiki/Category:Al-Shabab_SC_%28Kuwait%29_managers \"Al-Shabab SC (Kuwait) managers\")\n[Category:Kuwait Premier League managers](/wiki/Category:Kuwait_Premier_League_managers \"Kuwait Premier League managers\")\n[Category:Oman Professional League managers](/wiki/Category:Oman_Professional_League_managers \"Oman Professional League managers\")\n[Category:Serbian expatriate football managers](/wiki/Category:Serbian_expatriate_football_managers \"Serbian expatriate football managers\")\n[Category:Expatriate football managers in China](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_football_managers_in_China \"Expatriate football managers in China\")\n[Category:Expatriate football managers in North Macedonia](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_football_managers_in_North_Macedonia \"Expatriate football managers in North Macedonia\")\n[Category:Expatriate football managers in Qatar](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_football_managers_in_Qatar \"Expatriate football managers in Qatar\")\n[Category:Expatriate football managers in Kuwait](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_football_managers_in_Kuwait \"Expatriate football managers in Kuwait\")\n[Category:Expatriate football managers in Oman](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_football_managers_in_Oman \"Expatriate football managers in Oman\")\n[Category:Serbian expatriate sportspeople in China](/wiki/Category:Serbian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_China \"Serbian expatriate sportspeople in China\")\n[Category:Serbian expatriate sportspeople in North Macedonia](/wiki/Category:Serbian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_North_Macedonia \"Serbian expatriate sportspeople in North Macedonia\")\n[Category:Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar](/wiki/Category:Serbian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Qatar \"Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar\")\n[Category:Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait](/wiki/Category:Serbian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Kuwait \"Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait\")\n[Category:Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Oman](/wiki/Category:Serbian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Oman \"Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Oman\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Nick Perry (journalist)
|
{
"id": [
2790592
],
"name": [
"KylieTastic"
]
}
|
dg19t313xpu74mb1jxtchwsllgrfuea
|
2023-06-30T13:07:40Z
| 1,150,526,758 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Awards",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Nick Perry** is a journalist who has worked in the U.S. and New Zealand. Since 2011, he has been the [Associated Press](/wiki/Associated_Press \"Associated Press\") correspondent for [New Zealand](/wiki/New_Zealand \"New Zealand\") and the South Pacific . He was previously a reporter at *[The Seattle Times](/wiki/The_Seattle_Times \"The Seattle Times\")*.[Nick Perry articles](http://search.nwsource.com/search?searchtype=cq&sort=date&from=ST&byline=Nick%20Perry) at the *Seattle Times*\n\nHe wrote *Scoreboard, Baby: A Story of College Football, Crime, and Complicity* with [Ken Armstrong](/wiki/Ken_Armstrong_%28journalist%29 \"Ken Armstrong (journalist)\") in 2010\\.\n\nHe was a 2011 [Knight\\-Wallace Fellow](/wiki/Knight-Wallace_Fellow \"Knight-Wallace Fellow\") at the [University of Michigan](/wiki/University_of_Michigan \"University of Michigan\")Press release. [\"University of Michigan Names Knight\\-Wallace Journalism Fellows,\"](http://www.mjfellows.org/news/news_fellows2011.html) Knight\\-Wallace Fellows at Michigan website (2011\\). Retrieved 29 September 2015\\.\n\n",
"Awards\n------\n\n* 2011 Knight\\-Wallace Journalism Fellowship\n* 2011 Edgar Allan Poe Award\n* 2010 Pulitzer Prize (part of *Seattle Times* team):\n* 2009 Michael Kelly Award [The Michael Kelly Award](http://kellyaward.com/mk_past_winners.html) \n* 2009 Payne Award \n* 2008 George Polk Award [George Polk Award 2008](http://www.liu.edu/About/News/Polk/Previous.aspx#2008) liu.edu\n* 2008 Medill Medal Winner finalist \n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [*Scoreboard, Baby* website](http://www.scoreboardbaby.net)\n\n[Category:American male journalists](/wiki/Category:American_male_journalists \"American male journalists\")\n[Category:George Polk Award recipients](/wiki/Category:George_Polk_Award_recipients \"George Polk Award recipients\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:New Zealand journalists](/wiki/Category:New_Zealand_journalists \"New Zealand journalists\")\n[Category:University of Michigan fellows](/wiki/Category:University_of_Michigan_fellows \"University of Michigan fellows\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Coomera Colts S.C.
|
{
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
}
|
l6rdw5as1uldc7yhqyay7fzhcpyx9sn
|
2023-09-27T02:31:02Z
| 1,175,481,096 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Current squad",
"First-team squad",
"Youth",
"Honours",
"Football Queensland South Coast",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Coomera Football Club** is a semi\\-professional [soccer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") club based in [Coomera, Queensland](/wiki/Coomera%2C_Queensland \"Coomera, Queensland\"), Australia. The club play in the [Football Queensland Premier League 3 − South Coast](/wiki/Football_Queensland_Premier_League_3_%E2%88%92_South_Coast \"Football Queensland Premier League 3 − South Coast\"), the fifth flight of the [Football Queensland](/wiki/Football_Queensland \"Football Queensland\") administrative division and the sixth flight of the [Australian soccer league system](/wiki/Australian_soccer_league_system \"Australian soccer league system\").\n\nFounded in 1983, the club play their home games at Viney Park.\n\n",
"Current squad\n-------------\n\n### First\\-team squad\n\n### Youth\n\nPlayers from the U23s who have featured in a first\\-team matchday squad for Coomera in a competitive match\n\n",
"### First\\-team squad\n\n",
"### Youth\n\nPlayers from the U23s who have featured in a first\\-team matchday squad for Coomera in a competitive match\n\n",
"Honours\n-------\n\n### Football Queensland South Coast\n\n* **[FQPL 4 − South Coast / Men's Coast League 1 / First Division](/wiki/Football_Queensland_Premier_League_4_%E2%88%92_South_Coast \"Football Queensland Premier League 4 − South Coast\")**\n\t+ Premiership\n\t\t- **Winners (3\\)**: 1994, 1999, 2007\n\t+ Championship\n\t\t- **Winners (2\\)**: 1994, 2007\n",
"### Football Queensland South Coast\n\n* **[FQPL 4 − South Coast / Men's Coast League 1 / First Division](/wiki/Football_Queensland_Premier_League_4_%E2%88%92_South_Coast \"Football Queensland Premier League 4 − South Coast\")**\n\t+ Premiership\n\t\t- **Winners (3\\)**: 1994, 1999, 2007\n\t+ Championship\n\t\t- **Winners (2\\)**: 1994, 2007\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](http://www.coomerasoccer.com)\n\n[Category:Association football clubs established in 1983](/wiki/Category:Association_football_clubs_established_in_1983 \"Association football clubs established in 1983\")\n[Category:1983 establishments in Australia](/wiki/Category:1983_establishments_in_Australia \"1983 establishments in Australia\")\n[Category:Soccer teams on the Gold Coast, Queensland](/wiki/Category:Soccer_teams_on_the_Gold_Coast%2C_Queensland \"Soccer teams on the Gold Coast, Queensland\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Mooswaldkopf
|
{
"id": [
1574590
],
"name": [
"Justanothersgwikieditor"
]
}
|
bo6j9kqy6t3iyslobdqd9cxe572z2y5
|
2021-12-10T08:11:35Z
| 974,796,012 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Mooswaldkopf** is a mountain of [Baden\\-Württemberg](/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg \"Baden-Württemberg\"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\").\n\n[Category:Mountains and hills of Baden\\-Württemberg](/wiki/Category:Mountains_and_hills_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg \"Mountains and hills of Baden-Württemberg\")\n[Category:Mountains and hills of the Black Forest](/wiki/Category:Mountains_and_hills_of_the_Black_Forest \"Mountains and hills of the Black Forest\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
William Pritchard-Morgan
|
{
"id": [
2308770
],
"name": [
"Johnpacklambert"
]
}
|
f55jrw037ti96mbk8hx0mru5wmpwsqu
|
2023-11-26T03:51:23Z
| 1,186,891,729 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|right\\|William Pritchard\\-Morgan](/wiki/File:William_Pritchard_Morgan.jpg \"William Pritchard Morgan.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|A cartoon image of Morgan mining in Australia](/wiki/File:Pritchard_Morgan_in_Australia.jpg \"Pritchard Morgan in Australia.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|One of Morgan's election posters](/wiki/File:Pritchard_Morgan_Will_be_Proud_to_have_the_Votes.jpg \"Pritchard Morgan Will be Proud to have the Votes.jpg\")\n**William Pritchard\\-Morgan** (c. 1844 – 5 July 1924\\) was a Welsh solicitor, mine owner, and company promoter. He acquired the gold mine at [Gwynfynydd](/wiki/Gwynfynydd \"Gwynfynydd\") in 1887, earning the name \"Welsh gold king\".[1888 newspaper report](http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=THD18880308.2.25&l=mi&e=-------10--1----0-all) He was also actively publicised as an investor in [Sichuan](/wiki/Sichuan \"Sichuan\"), China.[*New York Times* article (PDF)](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/10/04/102615700.pdf)\n\nHe was born in [Newport, Monmouthshire](/wiki/Newport%2C_Monmouthshire \"Newport, Monmouthshire\"), the son of a clergyman. In early life he was a solicitor in [Queensland](/wiki/Queensland \"Queensland\"), Australia, having been articled at [Ipswich](/wiki/Ipswich%2C_Queensland \"Ipswich, Queensland\") and [Maryborough](/wiki/Maryborough%2C_Queensland \"Maryborough, Queensland\"). He then speculated in mining shares.[1887 newspaper](http://slbplone.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=AG18871231.2.14&e=-------10--1----0-all)Sir Robert Hart, James Duncan Campbell, *The I. G. in Peking: letters of Robert Hart, Chinese Maritime Customs, 1868–1907*, Volume 1 (1975\\), note p.1101\\.\n\nHe was a Liberal [Member of Parliament](/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)\") (MP) for [Merthyr Tydfil](/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Merthyr Tydfil (UK Parliament constituency)\"), from 1888 to 1900, when he was defeated, losing his seat to [Keir Hardie](/wiki/Keir_Hardie \"Keir Hardie\"). The constituency had two members, the other being the Liberal [David Alfred Thomas, 1st Viscount Rhondda](/wiki/David_Alfred_Thomas%2C_1st_Viscount_Rhondda \"David Alfred Thomas, 1st Viscount Rhondda\"): there was antagonism between the two Liberals, however, and in 1900 Thomas backed Hardie. A major political issue between them was attitude to the [Second Boer War](/wiki/Second_Boer_War \"Second Boer War\"), supported by Morgan who was on the [Liberal imperialist](/wiki/Liberal_Imperialists \"Liberal Imperialists\") wing of the party. He was in favour of [Welsh disestablishment](/wiki/Welsh_disestablishment \"Welsh disestablishment\"), making a lengthy parliamentary speech on a resolution in 1891\\.[*A Handbook on Welsh Church Defence* (1894\\)](http://anglicanhistory.org/wales/edwards_defence1894/), Chapter 1\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [*New York Times* article (PDF), 2 February 1899](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/02/02/102497552.pdf)\n\n[Category:1840s births](/wiki/Category:1840s_births \"1840s births\")\n[Category:1924 deaths](/wiki/Category:1924_deaths \"1924 deaths\")\n[Category:Lawyers from the Colony of Queensland](/wiki/Category:Lawyers_from_the_Colony_of_Queensland \"Lawyers from the Colony of Queensland\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1886–1892](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1886%E2%80%931892 \"UK MPs 1886–1892\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1892–1895](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1892%E2%80%931895 \"UK MPs 1892–1895\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1895–1900](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1895%E2%80%931900 \"UK MPs 1895–1900\")\n[Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies](/wiki/Category:Liberal_Party_%28UK%29_MPs_for_Welsh_constituencies \"Liberal Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Willis G. Hale
|
{
"id": [
44562144
],
"name": [
"RGKMA"
]
}
|
gld8oxmeslaeslavvam6wkeavu27jcg
|
2024-02-26T16:31:04Z
| 1,209,627,476 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Life and career",
"Frank Furness",
"Selected works",
"Residences",
"Commercial and institutional buildings",
"Gallery",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
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"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\.2\\|Willis Gaylord Hale in 1901](/wiki/File:Willis_Gaylord_Hale_1901.jpg \"Willis Gaylord Hale 1901.jpg\")\n**Willis Gaylord Hale** (January 1848, [Seneca Falls, New York](/wiki/Seneca_Falls%2C_New_York \"Seneca Falls, New York\") – August 29, 1907, [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\")) was a late\\-19th century architect who worked primarily in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His flamboyant, highly\\-ornate style was popular in the 1880s and 1890s, but quickly fell out of fashion at the dawn of the 20th century.\n\n",
"Life and career\n---------------\n\nAccording to the *Biographical Album of Prominent Pennsylvanians* (1890\\), Willis Hale became an architect through training in a series of offices: \"His preliminary education was obtained at the academy at Seneca Falls, Cayuga Lake Academy at Aurora, and at the Auburn High School, where he finished his schooling. While still a pupil he ran away to join the army, but was too young to be enrolled, and was compelled to forgo his patriotic resolve. After quitting school he was given the choice of a three years' course at Ann Arbor University to study engineering, or an opportunity to study architecture. His tastes inclining more to the latter profession he decided to adopt it, and began study in Buffalo, going later to Rochester, and finally to Philadelphia, where he entered the office of [Samuel Sloan](/wiki/Samuel_Sloan_%28architect%29 \"Samuel Sloan (architect)\"), and later had Mr. [John McArthur Jr.](/wiki/John_McArthur_Jr. \"John McArthur Jr.\") as his [preceptor](/wiki/Preceptor \"Preceptor\"). In 1873 he established himself in business at [Wilkes Barre](/wiki/Wilkes_Barre \"Wilkes Barre\"), Pa. ; but the troubles in the coal regions caused such a depression in all kinds of business that he returned, on November 2, 1876, to Philadelphia, where he opened an office and met with almost immediate success.\"Charles R. Deacon, ed., *Biographical Album of Prominent Pennsylvanians* (Philadelphia: Biographical Publishing Co., 1890\\)\n\nHale married a niece of chemical manufacturer [William Weightman](/wiki/William_Weightman \"William Weightman\"), the largest landowner in the city. Hale designed dozens of blocks of middle\\-class housing for Weightman, especially in North and West Philadelphia. His lively facades often contrasted sculpture, tile, inventive brick\\- and stone\\-work, in an exuberant high\\-Victorian style: \"Hale's genius was to take ... essentially identical rowhouses, with their mass\\-produced industrial parts and lathe\\-turned woodwork, and to make them distinctive.\"Michael J. Lewis \"'He was not a Connoisseur': Peter Widener and his House\", *Nineteenth Century*, vol. 12, no. 3/4 (1993\\), p. 28 He designed a country house for Weightman in [West Germantown](/wiki/Germantown%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Pennsylvania \"Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\"): \"[Ravenhill](/wiki/Ravenhill_%28mansion%29 \"Ravenhill (mansion)\")\" (now part of [Thomas Jefferson University](/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_University \"Thomas Jefferson University\")).\n\n[thumb\\|250px\\|left\\|[Peter A. B. Widener](/wiki/Peter_A._B._Widener \"Peter A. B. Widener\") Mansion, Broad St. \\& Girard Ave., Philadelphia, PA (1887, demolished). Widener's art gallery at far left, also by Hale, was added in 1892\\.](/wiki/File:Widener_Mansion_Broad_%26_Girard.jpg \"Widener Mansion Broad & Girard.jpg\")\n\nHe also designed urban developments for street\\-car magnates [Peter A. B. Widener](/wiki/Peter_A._B._Widener \"Peter A. B. Widener\") and [William L. Elkins](/wiki/William_Lukens_Elkins \"William Lukens Elkins\"), and a massive city house for Widener at the corner of Broad Street and Girard Avenue.\n\nWidener's city house was one of the most notable in Philadelphia. An ornate Flemish\\-style eclectic design in highly\\-wrought brownstone and brick, it had a 53\\-foot (16\\.2 m) facade on Broad Street and a 144\\-foot (43\\.9 m) facade on Girard Avenue. The over\\-the\\-top interiors were decorated by [George Herzog](/wiki/George_Herzog \"George Herzog\"), and included buxom nudes as newel posts, walls embellished with alabaster and bronze, and murals of the Widener children in Renaissance dress.Three of Herzog's interior sketches are at the [Carnegie Museum of Art](/wiki/Carnegie_Museum_of_Art \"Carnegie Museum of Art\").[http://www.cmoa.org/searchcollections/listview.aspx?search\\=1\\|herzog%20\\|2\\|0\\|\\|0\\|\\|True\\|True\\|False\\&page\\=1\\&ipp\\=12](http://www.cmoa.org/searchcollections/listview.aspx?search=1|herzog%20|2|0||0||True|True|False&page=1&ipp=12) Almost an anachronism when completed in 1887, the family lived there only a dozen years before building a sedate neo\\-Georgian palace in the suburbs: [Lynnewood Hall](/wiki/Lynnewood_Hall \"Lynnewood Hall\"). The city house served as a branch of the [Free Library of Philadelphia](/wiki/Free_Library_of_Philadelphia \"Free Library of Philadelphia\"), 1900–1946; the offices of an architectural firm, and in 1970 became the [Conwell School of Theology](/wiki/Conwell_School_of_Theology \"Conwell School of Theology\")'s [Institute for Black Ministries](/wiki/Institute_for_Black_Ministries \"Institute for Black Ministries\").Webster, pp. 301\\-02\\. It suffered a catastrophic fire in 1980, and was demolished.\n\nIn 1892, Hale designed the [Lorraine Apartment House](/wiki/Lorraine_Apartment_House \"Lorraine Apartment House\") at Broad and Fairmount Streets in Philadelphia, completed in 1894\\. Purchased by radio evangelist [Father Divine](/wiki/Father_Divine \"Father Divine\") in 1948, the building is now known as the [Divine Lorraine Hotel](/wiki/Divine_Lorraine_Hotel \"Divine Lorraine Hotel\").\n\n[thumb\\|150px\\|Hale (Lucas) Building in 1889\\. \"*Perhaps the most bizarre\\-looking skyscraper of the nineteenth century.*\"Korom, Joseph J. Jr., *The American Skyscraper, 1850\\-1940: A Celebration of Height* (Wellesley, MA: Branden Books, 2008\\), p. 144\\.](/wiki/File:Hale_%28Lucas%29_Building.jpg \"Hale (Lucas) Building.jpg\")\n\nHale designed numerous ornate office buildings in [Center City Philadelphia](/wiki/Center_City%2C_Philadelphia \"Center City, Philadelphia\"), but few survive unaltered. He built his own office building at the southwest corner of Chestnut and Juniper Streets (1887, expanded 1892, altered), an unsuccessful investment that almost bankrupted him. The critic for the magazine *Architectural Record* declared it an \"architectural aberration\":\n\n> Consider the Hale Building, how it grows. The problem was to erect a seven\\-story office building with a narrow front on the principal street, and with rooms devoted to similar purposes and of similar dimensions throughout. The danger was that this uniformity would produce monotony. There is nothing of which your Philadelphia architect is so afraid as of monotony. In fact it is the only architectural defect of which he seems to go in fear. Variety he must have at all cost, and by securing variety he makes sure that he has avoided monotony, whereas in truth his heterogeneousness is more tiresome than any repetition could be. ...\\[E]very precaution has been taken, and with success, to insure that the building shall lack unity, shall lack harmony, shall lack repose and shall be a restless jumble.Schuyler, Montgomery, \"Architectural Aberrations,\" *Architectural Record*, vol. 9, pp. 207\\-10 (Oct.\\-Dec. 1893\\).\n\nHale's architectural office was destroyed in a March 23, 1896 fire.[\"Losses by Fire\"](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/03/24/105745130.pdf) *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")* (March 24, 1896\\) He was a near\\-pauper in his later years, supported by the ever\\-loyal Weightman. He is buried just outside Philadelphia, in Fernwood Cemetery in [Lansdowne, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Lansdowne%2C_Pennsylvania \"Lansdowne, Pennsylvania\").\n\nA portfolio of photographs of Hale's work is at the [American Philosophical Society](/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society \"American Philosophical Society\").\n\n### Frank Furness\n\nHale is sometimes compared to his Philadelphia contemporary [Frank Furness](/wiki/Frank_Furness \"Frank Furness\"), whom he admired. But Hale's buildings tended to be derivative and decorative rather than innovative, half\\-a\\-decade behind the times rather than ahead of them, more concerned with surface ornament than ideas:\n\n> Hale's later fate was exemplary for the followers of Furness. For them, style was an affair of spectacular massing, audacious surfaces, and whimsical detail. ... Their walls were always more clever than their plans; when they were forced to change brick and brownstone arches for marble cornices, as the tastes of the nineties demanded, the new work showed seams. Overdone and uncertain at the same time, Hale's last works were executed for one or two loyal clients from the eighties.Lewis, Michael J. \"Furness and the Arc of Fame,\" in Thomas, George E. et al., *Frank Furness: The Complete Works* (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996\\), pp. 128\\-29\\.\n\nNoted [Lancaster, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Lancaster%2C_Pennsylvania \"Lancaster, Pennsylvania\") architect [C. Emlen Urban](/wiki/C._Emlen_Urban \"C. Emlen Urban\") (1863–1939\\) worked under Hale in the early 1880s. *Note:* This includes \n\n",
"### Frank Furness\n\nHale is sometimes compared to his Philadelphia contemporary [Frank Furness](/wiki/Frank_Furness \"Frank Furness\"), whom he admired. But Hale's buildings tended to be derivative and decorative rather than innovative, half\\-a\\-decade behind the times rather than ahead of them, more concerned with surface ornament than ideas:\n\n> Hale's later fate was exemplary for the followers of Furness. For them, style was an affair of spectacular massing, audacious surfaces, and whimsical detail. ... Their walls were always more clever than their plans; when they were forced to change brick and brownstone arches for marble cornices, as the tastes of the nineties demanded, the new work showed seams. Overdone and uncertain at the same time, Hale's last works were executed for one or two loyal clients from the eighties.Lewis, Michael J. \"Furness and the Arc of Fame,\" in Thomas, George E. et al., *Frank Furness: The Complete Works* (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996\\), pp. 128\\-29\\.\n\nNoted [Lancaster, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Lancaster%2C_Pennsylvania \"Lancaster, Pennsylvania\") architect [C. Emlen Urban](/wiki/C._Emlen_Urban \"C. Emlen Urban\") (1863–1939\\) worked under Hale in the early 1880s. *Note:* This includes \n\n",
"Selected works\n--------------\n\n### Residences\n\n* Morris Fleisher house, 2223 Green Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (circa 1880\\).[Fleisher house](https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkthetown/4316725615/) from Flickr\n* \"Havod\" (A. Loudon Snowden house), 429 West Montgomery Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania (1881\\).[\"Havod\"](http://www.brynmawr.edu/iconog/wh/ml/snoa.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College.\n* 2100\\-block North Uber Street rowhouses, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1885–86\\).[2100\\-block N. Uber St.](http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhcaption&fileName=pa/pa4000/pa4025/data/hhcaptionpage.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/hh:@FIELD(DOCID+@BAND(@lit(PA4025)))) from [HABS](/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey \"Historic American Buildings Survey\")\n* 1500\\-block North 17th Street (west side), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1886\\).[1500\\-block N. 17th St.](http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hh:@field(DOCID+@lit(PA3870))) from [HABS](/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey \"Historic American Buildings Survey\") Development of 29 rowhouses for [Peter A. B. Widener](/wiki/Peter_A._B._Widener \"Peter A. B. Widener\") and [William L. Elkins](/wiki/William_Lukens_Elkins \"William Lukens Elkins\").\n* Peter A. B. Widener mansion, northwest corner Broad Street \\& Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887, burned 1980, demolished).\n* \"[Ravenhill](/wiki/Ravenhill_%28mansion%29 \"Ravenhill (mansion)\")\" ([William Weightman](/wiki/William_Weightman \"William Weightman\") house), 3480\\-90 School House Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887\\).[\"Ravenhill\"](http://www.philau.edu/library/ah/photopages/rav4.htm) from Philadelphia University. Now part of [Thomas Jefferson University](/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_University \"Thomas Jefferson University\").\n* 4500\\-block Chester Avenue twins (south side), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1889\\).[4520 Chester Ave.](http://www.gablesbb.com/) *The Gables Bed \\& Breakfast*\n* 4500\\-block Regent Street twins (north side) and rowhouses (south side), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1890\\).[4500 Regent St.](http://uchs.net/HistoricDistricts/streetcardesc.html) *University City Historical Society*\n* J. \\& Benjamin Ketcham house, 1708 Green Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1891–92\\).[Ketcham house](https://www.flickr.com/photos/8430189@N06/2365447831/) from Flickr Benjamin Ketcham's Sons was the contractor for the Hale Building (1887\\)\n\n### Commercial and institutional buildings\n\n* Philadelphia Home for Incurables, 48th Street and Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1880, demolished).[\"Home for Incurables\"](http://www.brynmawr.edu/cities/archx/04-600/wgh/incurables.html) *[The Public Ledger](/wiki/The_Public_Ledger \"The Public Ledger\")*, (September 24, 1880\\)\n* St. Stephen Roman Catholic Church, 3805 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1884\\).[St. Stephen's Church](http://www.brynmawr.edu/cities/archx/04-600/wgh/stephen.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College\n* [Philadelphia Record](/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Record \"The Philadelphia Record\") Building, 917\\-19 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1886, demolished).[Philadelphia Record Building](http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/image_gallery.cfm/14290) from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings.[Philadelphia Record Building](https://www.flickr.com/photos/myoldpostcards/4482129501/) from Flickr\n* Hale Building (a.k.a. Lucas Building or Keystone National Bank), 1326\\-28 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887, expanded 1892, altered). Now Penfield Building.[Penfield Building (2008\\)](https://www.flickr.com/photos/harpo42/2219134221/in/set-72157604817982642/) from Flickr\n* Three Banks (Quaker City National Bank; Commonwealth Title \\& Trust Company; Union Trust Co.), 713\\-21 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1888–89, altered).[Three Banks](http://www.brynmawr.edu/iconog/ajnls/kcom05.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College. Only the facade of Quaker City National Bank (721 Chestnut Street) survives.[Quaker City National Bank (2007\\)](https://www.flickr.com/photos/antre/1034581877/) from Flickr\n* Weightman Building, 1524\\-26 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1889, burned 1896\\).[Weightman Building](http://www.brynmawr.edu/cities/archx/04-600/wgh/WeightmanBldgCampbell.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College Hale's architectural office was destroyed in the fire.\n* Myers Building, 521\\-25 Main Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (1890\\).[Myers Building](http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/image_gallery.cfm/932713) from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings\n* Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy, 1624\\-28 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1891, demolished).[Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy](http://www.brynmawr.edu/iconog/ajnls/kclu03.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College\n* [Heywood Chair Factory](/wiki/Heywood_Chair_Factory \"Heywood Chair Factory\"), 1010\\-14 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1892\\).\n* [Divine Lorraine Hotel](/wiki/Divine_Lorraine_Hotel \"Divine Lorraine Hotel\"), Broad and Fairmount Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1894–96, interior gutted 2000s).\n* [Empire Theatre (Philadelphia)](/wiki/Empire_Theatre_%28Philadelphia%29 \"Empire Theatre (Philadelphia)\"), Broad and Locust Streets, Philadelphia\n* [Garrick Theatre](/wiki/Garrick_Theatre_%28Philadelphia%29 \"Garrick Theatre (Philadelphia)\"), 1330 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1900–01, demolished).[Garrick Theatre](http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/image_gallery.cfm/5469) from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Built for Weightman, this 1,561\\-seat theater stood beside the Hale Building.\n* [Powelton Apartments](/wiki/The_Powelton \"The Powelton\"), 3500\\-20 Powelton Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (begun 1902\\).[The Powelton](http://www.uchs.net/HistoricDistricts/images/powapt.jpg) from University City Historical Society. The initial design is attributed to Hale, but the project was left unfinished; completed by Milligan \\& Weber in 1908\\.George E. Thomas and Carl E. Doebley, *National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, The Powelton Apartments*, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 13 December 1978\\.<http://www.uchs.net/HistoricDistricts/poweltonapt.html>\n",
"### Residences\n\n* Morris Fleisher house, 2223 Green Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (circa 1880\\).[Fleisher house](https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkthetown/4316725615/) from Flickr\n* \"Havod\" (A. Loudon Snowden house), 429 West Montgomery Avenue, Haverford, Pennsylvania (1881\\).[\"Havod\"](http://www.brynmawr.edu/iconog/wh/ml/snoa.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College.\n* 2100\\-block North Uber Street rowhouses, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1885–86\\).[2100\\-block N. Uber St.](http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhcaption&fileName=pa/pa4000/pa4025/data/hhcaptionpage.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/hh:@FIELD(DOCID+@BAND(@lit(PA4025)))) from [HABS](/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey \"Historic American Buildings Survey\")\n* 1500\\-block North 17th Street (west side), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1886\\).[1500\\-block N. 17th St.](http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hh:@field(DOCID+@lit(PA3870))) from [HABS](/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey \"Historic American Buildings Survey\") Development of 29 rowhouses for [Peter A. B. Widener](/wiki/Peter_A._B._Widener \"Peter A. B. Widener\") and [William L. Elkins](/wiki/William_Lukens_Elkins \"William Lukens Elkins\").\n* Peter A. B. Widener mansion, northwest corner Broad Street \\& Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887, burned 1980, demolished).\n* \"[Ravenhill](/wiki/Ravenhill_%28mansion%29 \"Ravenhill (mansion)\")\" ([William Weightman](/wiki/William_Weightman \"William Weightman\") house), 3480\\-90 School House Lane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887\\).[\"Ravenhill\"](http://www.philau.edu/library/ah/photopages/rav4.htm) from Philadelphia University. Now part of [Thomas Jefferson University](/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_University \"Thomas Jefferson University\").\n* 4500\\-block Chester Avenue twins (south side), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1889\\).[4520 Chester Ave.](http://www.gablesbb.com/) *The Gables Bed \\& Breakfast*\n* 4500\\-block Regent Street twins (north side) and rowhouses (south side), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1890\\).[4500 Regent St.](http://uchs.net/HistoricDistricts/streetcardesc.html) *University City Historical Society*\n* J. \\& Benjamin Ketcham house, 1708 Green Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1891–92\\).[Ketcham house](https://www.flickr.com/photos/8430189@N06/2365447831/) from Flickr Benjamin Ketcham's Sons was the contractor for the Hale Building (1887\\)\n",
"### Commercial and institutional buildings\n\n* Philadelphia Home for Incurables, 48th Street and Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1880, demolished).[\"Home for Incurables\"](http://www.brynmawr.edu/cities/archx/04-600/wgh/incurables.html) *[The Public Ledger](/wiki/The_Public_Ledger \"The Public Ledger\")*, (September 24, 1880\\)\n* St. Stephen Roman Catholic Church, 3805 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1884\\).[St. Stephen's Church](http://www.brynmawr.edu/cities/archx/04-600/wgh/stephen.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College\n* [Philadelphia Record](/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Record \"The Philadelphia Record\") Building, 917\\-19 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1886, demolished).[Philadelphia Record Building](http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/image_gallery.cfm/14290) from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings.[Philadelphia Record Building](https://www.flickr.com/photos/myoldpostcards/4482129501/) from Flickr\n* Hale Building (a.k.a. Lucas Building or Keystone National Bank), 1326\\-28 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1887, expanded 1892, altered). Now Penfield Building.[Penfield Building (2008\\)](https://www.flickr.com/photos/harpo42/2219134221/in/set-72157604817982642/) from Flickr\n* Three Banks (Quaker City National Bank; Commonwealth Title \\& Trust Company; Union Trust Co.), 713\\-21 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1888–89, altered).[Three Banks](http://www.brynmawr.edu/iconog/ajnls/kcom05.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College. Only the facade of Quaker City National Bank (721 Chestnut Street) survives.[Quaker City National Bank (2007\\)](https://www.flickr.com/photos/antre/1034581877/) from Flickr\n* Weightman Building, 1524\\-26 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1889, burned 1896\\).[Weightman Building](http://www.brynmawr.edu/cities/archx/04-600/wgh/WeightmanBldgCampbell.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College Hale's architectural office was destroyed in the fire.\n* Myers Building, 521\\-25 Main Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (1890\\).[Myers Building](http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/image_gallery.cfm/932713) from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings\n* Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy, 1624\\-28 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1891, demolished).[Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy](http://www.brynmawr.edu/iconog/ajnls/kclu03.jpg) from Bryn Mawr College\n* [Heywood Chair Factory](/wiki/Heywood_Chair_Factory \"Heywood Chair Factory\"), 1010\\-14 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1892\\).\n* [Divine Lorraine Hotel](/wiki/Divine_Lorraine_Hotel \"Divine Lorraine Hotel\"), Broad and Fairmount Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1894–96, interior gutted 2000s).\n* [Empire Theatre (Philadelphia)](/wiki/Empire_Theatre_%28Philadelphia%29 \"Empire Theatre (Philadelphia)\"), Broad and Locust Streets, Philadelphia\n* [Garrick Theatre](/wiki/Garrick_Theatre_%28Philadelphia%29 \"Garrick Theatre (Philadelphia)\"), 1330 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1900–01, demolished).[Garrick Theatre](http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/image_gallery.cfm/5469) from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings Built for Weightman, this 1,561\\-seat theater stood beside the Hale Building.\n* [Powelton Apartments](/wiki/The_Powelton \"The Powelton\"), 3500\\-20 Powelton Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (begun 1902\\).[The Powelton](http://www.uchs.net/HistoricDistricts/images/powapt.jpg) from University City Historical Society. The initial design is attributed to Hale, but the project was left unfinished; completed by Milligan \\& Weber in 1908\\.George E. Thomas and Carl E. Doebley, *National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, The Powelton Apartments*, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 13 December 1978\\.<http://www.uchs.net/HistoricDistricts/poweltonapt.html>\n",
"Gallery\n-------\n\nFile:2223 Green St (cropped).jpg\\|Morris Fleisher House, 2223 Green St., Philadelphia (circa 1880\\)\nFile:2100 Block North Uber Street Rowhouses (cropped).jpg\\|2100\\-block N. Uber St., Philadelphia (1885–86\\)\nFile:1500 North 17th Street.jpg\\|1500\\-block N. 17th St. (west side), Philadelphia, PA (1886\\). 29 rowhouses for \\[\\[Peter A. B. Widener]] and \\[\\[William Lukens Elkins\\|William L. Elkins]]\nFile:Philadelphia Record Building 1904\\.jpg\\|Philadelphia Record Building (center), 917\\-19 Chestnut St., Philadelphia (1886, demolished).\nFile:1010 Race Street.jpg\\|\\[\\[Heywood Chair Factory]], 1010\\-14 Race Street, Philadelphia (1892\\)\nFile:Divine Lorraine from Southwest.JPG\\|\\[\\[Divine Lorraine Hotel]], Broad \\& Fairmount Sts., Philadelphia (1894–96, interior gutted 2000s).\nFile:WidenerMansion (cropped).jpg\\|Peter A. B. Widener Mansion in 1973\\. It burned in 1980, and was demolished\nFile:Powellton Philly.JPG\\|The Powelton, 3500–20 Powelton Avenue, 214–18 North 35th Street, and 215–21 North 36th Street, Philadelphia (1902–08\\)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n**Notes**\n\n**Bibliography**\n* Eaton, Carol. *Willis G. Hale*, research paper, University of Pennsylvania, 1971\\.\n* Foss, James. *Willis Gaylord Hale and Philadelphia's Rebellion of the Picturesque: 1880\\-1890*, masters thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 1964\\.\n* Hale, Willis G. *Some Selections from an Architect's Portfolio* (n.d., probably c. 1893\\), copy at the American Philosophical Society.\n* Lewis, Michael J. Lewis \"'He was not a Connoisseur': Peter Widener and his House\", *Nineteenth Century*, vol. 12, no. 3/4 (1993\\).\n* Thomas, George E. \"Architectural Patronage and Social Stratification in Philadelphia between 1840 and 1920,\" *The Divided Metropolis: Social and Spatial Dimensions of Philadelphia, 1800\\-1975*, eds. William W. Cutler and Howard Gillette (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980\\).\n* Thomas, George E. *National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form, Girard Avenue Historic District.* Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 13 May 1985\\.\n* Webster, Richard. *Philadelphia Preserved: Catalog of the Historic American Buildings Survey* (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1976\\).\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Willis G. Hale](http://www.brynmawr.edu/cities/archx/04-600/wgh/index.html) from Bryn Mawr College\n* [Willis G. Hale](http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ar_display.cfm/24990) from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings\n* [The Widener Mansion](http://www.phillyhistory.org/blog/archive/2009/03/04/the-widener-mansion.aspx) from phillyhistory.org\n* [Peter A. B. Widener House](http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hh:1:./temp/~ammem_HBJm::) from [HABS](/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey \"Historic American Buildings Survey\")\n* [The Divine Lorraine Hotel](http://www.phillyhistory.org/blog/archive/2007/03/26/the-divine-lorraine-hotel.aspx) from phillyhistory.org\n* [Father Divine historical marker](http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=88) from ExplorePAhistory.com\n* [Divine Lorraine Hotel](http://loc.gov/pictures/item/pa3878/) from [HABS](/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey \"Historic American Buildings Survey\")\n* [After the Fair: The Development of Parkside](http://www.phillyhistory.org/blog/archive/2010/05/05/after-the-fair-the-development-of-parkside.aspx) from phillyhistory.org\n\n[Category:Architects from Philadelphia](/wiki/Category:Architects_from_Philadelphia \"Architects from Philadelphia\")\n[Category:19th\\-century American architects](/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_architects \"19th-century American architects\")\n[Category:1848 births](/wiki/Category:1848_births \"1848 births\")\n[Category:1907 deaths](/wiki/Category:1907_deaths \"1907 deaths\")\n[Category:People from Seneca Falls, New York](/wiki/Category:People_from_Seneca_Falls%2C_New_York \"People from Seneca Falls, New York\")\n[Category:Burials at Fernwood Cemetery (Lansdowne, Pennsylvania)](/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Fernwood_Cemetery_%28Lansdowne%2C_Pennsylvania%29 \"Burials at Fernwood Cemetery (Lansdowne, Pennsylvania)\")\n\n"
]
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Anthony McGowan
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hrmo7ktdk16is97ocluikfns890wvxu
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2024-10-12T19:33:09Z
| 1,250,811,894 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and education",
"Writing career",
"Adult fiction",
"Young adult fiction",
"Children's fiction",
"Non-fiction",
"Other writing",
"Personal life",
"Books",
"Non-fiction for adults",
"Fiction for adults",
"Fiction for young adults",
"''The Truth of Things'' series",
"Fiction for children",
"''The Bare Bum Gang'' series",
"''Project X'' series",
"''The Donut Diaries'' series",
"''Willard Price'' books",
"References",
"External links"
],
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"content": [
"\n\n**Anthony John McGowan** (born January 1965\\) is an English author of books for children, teenagers and adults. He is the winner of the 2020 [CILIP](/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Library_and_Information_Professionals \"Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals\") [Carnegie Medal](/wiki/Carnegie_Medal_%28literary_award%29 \"Carnegie Medal (literary award)\") for *Lark*.\n\nIn addition to his 2020 win, he has been twice longlisted (for *The Knife That Killed Me* in 2008 and *Brock* in 2014\\) and once shortlisted (for *Rook* in 2018\\) for the CILIP Carnegie Medal, and is the winner of the 2006 [Booktrust Teenage Prize](/wiki/Booktrust_Teenage_Prize \"Booktrust Teenage Prize\") for *Henry Tumour*.\n\n",
"Early life and education\n------------------------\n\nMcGowan was the second of five children born into a working\\-class [Roman Catholic](/wiki/Catholic_Church \"Catholic Church\") family in [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"). His parents were both nurses and his family moved to the village of [Sherburn in Elmet](/wiki/Sherburn_in_Elmet \"Sherburn in Elmet\"), outside [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds \"Leeds\"), when he was a small child. He has said that he read primarily non\\-fiction nature books when he was young, but when he was nine, a teacher gave him [J. R. R. Tolkien](/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien \"J. R. R. Tolkien\")'s *[The Lord of the Rings](/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings \"The Lord of the Rings\")*: \"I don't think I'd ever read a novel before, not even an [Enid Blyton](/wiki/Enid_Blyton \"Enid Blyton\"). It took me several years to finish reading it, but afterwards, I'd become a different kind of person; one who read novels and might one day write one.\"\n\nAt age 11, he was sent to [Corpus Christi Catholic College](/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Catholic_College \"Corpus Christi Catholic College\"), a state school that he has called \"one of the worst schools in Leeds...My upbringing until then had been fairly sheltered and quite rural. Suddenly I was surrounded by lots of disturbed and dangerous kids from a sink estate. Every break\\-time there'd be fights, and the teachers kept control with absolute brutality. On my very first day, I was talking in line outside, and the next thing I knew, I was looking up at the sky. A teacher had slapped me to the ground. It was a massive shock to the system.\"\n\nHis time at Corpus Christi had a profound influence on him and features prominently as inspiration in his books for young people: \"I keep focusing on my school in my work because that's when stuff happened in my head. Every day was full of conflict and terror and excitement. And I wanted to make kids and their social networks the focus of all my books...But also my memories of school are seared into my mind, and they are the stuff that fiction is made of: conflict and love and hate.\" In 2014 he said of it \"I've never really left that school. In my imagination, I'm still there. All my books are set there. When I close my eyes at night, I'm back in that classroom.\"\n\nMcGowan went on to study Philosophy and Politics at [University of Manchester](/wiki/University_of_Manchester \"University of Manchester\"), obtaining a BA in 1986 and an M.Phil. in 1990\\. He earned his PhD from the [Open University](/wiki/Open_University \"Open University\") in 1996 with a thesis titled *The sublime machine: conceptions of masculine beauty 1750\\-1850*.\n\nBefore turning to writing full\\-time, he worked as a nightclub bouncer, a journalist and a civil servant.\n\n",
"Writing career\n--------------\n\n### Adult fiction\n\nMcGowan wrote his first book, the gory and violent *Abandon Hope*, while working as a civil servant, but it was rejected by every publisher to which he sent it. When his wife Rebecca Campbell (then working as a fashion designer and executive) wrote a successful novel about the fashion industry, her agent offered to take McGowan on as a client, as well, on condition that he write something \"saner\" and \"more commercial\".\n\nHis adult thriller *Stag Hunt* was published by [Hodder \\& Stoughton](/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton \"Hodder & Stoughton\") in 2004 and received positive reviews. But then a mistake was made printing the barcode on the paperback edition, and all the copies had to be recalled. Paperback sales tanked as a result, and his career as an adult novelist stalled.\n\nHe would return to the genre in 2007 after finding success as a young adult author: his second adult thriller *Mortal Coil* (2007\\), was described by *[Kirkus Reviews](/wiki/Kirkus_Reviews \"Kirkus Reviews\")* as \"a shady and literate thriller that oozes down\\-and\\-out ambiance.\"\n\n### Young adult fiction\n\nHe turned to writing books for a teenage audience and soon found success. He rewrote his first, unpublished book, *Abandon Hope,* to make it appropriate for teens by taking out some of the more explicit parts and re\\-titled it *[Hellbent](/wiki/Hellbent_%28novel%29 \"Hellbent (novel)\").* The comical tale of a teenager who has died and gone to Hell was published in 2005 by [Random House](/wiki/Random_House \"Random House\") and was shortlisted for the [Branford Boase Award](/wiki/Branford_Boase_Award \"Branford Boase Award\"). The *Times* described it as \"dazzlingly clever and disgustingly funny.\"\n\nMcGowan went on to win the 2006 [Booktrust Teenage Prize](/wiki/Booktrust_Teenage_Prize \"Booktrust Teenage Prize\") with his next young adult book, *Henry Tumour*, about a boy whose brain tumor won't stop talking to him. He modeled the relationship of Henry and his tumor on that of [Falstaff](/wiki/John_Falstaff \"John Falstaff\") and young Hal in Shakespeare's *[Henry IV, Part 1](/wiki/Henry_IV%2C_Part_1 \"Henry IV, Part 1\")*. *The* *Guardian* said of it: \"This is one teen cancer book among many, but truly it's not like any other you may have come across. For one thing, it's funny – grimly, hilariously so...Original, smart and gripping, *Henry Tumour* breaks all kinds of rules, and does it with irresistible brio.\"\n\nHis agent next suggested that he write a book inspired by a series of knife crimes that were in the news at the time. *[The Knife That Killed Me](/wiki/The_Knife_That_Killed_Me \"The Knife That Killed Me\")* (2008\\) is the story of a 16\\-year\\-old boy whose relationship with the school bully has tragic results. *The* *Guardian* reviewed it, saying \"It's believable. It's upsetting. Anthony McGowan's insight is razor\\-sharp. If there's an author writing for children today who can really inhabit the skin of his characters, it's McGowan...McGowan is a wonderful writer.\" The book was longlisted for the [Guardian Children's Fiction Prize](/wiki/Guardian_Children%27s_Fiction_Prize \"Guardian Children's Fiction Prize\") and the [Carnegie Medal](/wiki/Carnegie_Medal_%28literary_award%29 \"Carnegie Medal (literary award)\") and shortlisted for the Booktrust Teenage Prize and the Young Minds Book Award. It was made into a [film of the same title](/wiki/The_Knife_That_Killed_Me_%28film%29 \"The Knife That Killed Me (film)\") that was released in 2014\\.\n\nMcGowan's 2013 book *Hello Darkness* looked at mental illness through the story of a teenage boy accused of killing school pets. [Tony Bradman](/wiki/Tony_Bradman \"Tony Bradman\") reviewed it for the *Guardian* and wrote: \"the genius of *Hello Darkness*...is that like *Henry Tumour*, which also deals with a very difficult subject, it isn't relentlessly serious, but clever and darkly funny.\"\n\nHe also writes books for [Barrington Stoke](/wiki/Barrington_Stoke \"Barrington Stoke\"), which specializes in short books with simple language for dyslexic and reluctant readers. He said in 2018: \"Writing for Barrington Stoke definitely made me change my prose style. And, I think, it was a change for the better. My earlier books are written in a rather complex 'look at me'; sort of style. There's a lot of showing off, a lot of proving how clever I am. But writing for Barrington Stoke made me focus on the bare bones of what makes us want to read: on character (above all), on the story, on the setting.\" *The Fall,* about the dire consequences of a practical joke, was published in 2011\\.\n\nHe continued writing for Barrington Stoke with four novellas in *The Truth of Things* series about northern working\\-class brothers Nicky and Kenny, the older of whom is [learning disabled](/wiki/Learning_disability \"Learning disability\"), who deal with a troubled home life and other challenges. *Brock* came out in 2013, *Pike* in 2015, *Rook* in 2017 and *Lark* in 2019\\. *Brock* was long\\-listed and *Rook* shortlisted for the Carnegie medal and in 2020, *Lark* won the prize with the tale of Nicky and Kenny's battle for survival after a hike on the [North Yorkshire Moors](/wiki/North_York_Moors \"North York Moors\") takes a dangerous turn.\n\n*Lark* was the *Sunday Times* Children's Book of the Week. Nicolette Jones wrote of it, \n> \"It is funny, scatological, terrifying, heartwarming and heartbreaking, and is written in everyday prose through teenage Nicky's convincing voice. The boys, whose family life has been rocky, but whose bond with each other is powerful, are touching and brave and also ordinary. McGowan creates characters whose background (working\\-class northern) is too little represented in fiction for young people, and he makes us know them and live their experience as if we were there.\"\n\nMcGowan collaborated with author [Joanna Nadin](/wiki/Joanna_Nadin \"Joanna Nadin\") on the book *Everybody Hurts* (2017\\), a love story between two teenagers of different social classes. Based on an idea by McGowan, he and Nadin took turns writing alternating chapters, with McGowan writing as the male character and Nadin as the female.\n\n### Children's fiction\n\nIn 2008, McGowan published his first book for middle readers, *Einstein's Underpants and How They Saved the World.* [*The* *Independent*](/wiki/The_Independent \"The Independent\") said of it \"Einstein's Underpants is zany, irreverent and downright absurd \\- children will love it.\" In 2008 and 2009, he had four books in a series for children called *The Bare Bum Gang* published by Red Fox. The first book, *The Bare Bum Gang and the Football Faceoff*, was reviewed in [*The* *Telegraph*](/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph \"The Daily Telegraph\") by Dinah Hall, who wrote \"There's a fine line between crude and funny, and McGowan treads it expertly. If this doesn't get 7\\- to 9\\-year\\-olds reading, nothing will.\"\n\nIn 2009–2010, he took part as one of the writers of a new [Oxford University Press](/wiki/Oxford_University_Press \"Oxford University Press\") \"guided reading\" series designed to interest boys in reading, titled \"Project X\". McGowan penned approximately twenty of the titles in the series, which contains continuous adventure stories with a single set of main characters to take readers through the primary school years.\n\nIn 2011, he wrote *The Donut Diaries*, the first book in a trilogy which are credited to the main character, Dermot Milligan, an overweight boy threatened with being sent to Camp Fatso. The book won the Leicester Our Best Book Award 2012, and it was called \"a warm, witty and inspiring tale\" by the *Telegraph*. The sequel, *The Donut Diaries: Revenge is Sweet* was released in 2012, and the third in the series, *The Donut Diaries: Escape from Camp Fatso* came out the following year.\n\nIn 2011, it was announced that McGowan had been contracted to write four books that would revive the classic children's wildlife adventure series penned between 1949 and 1980 by the late [Willard Price](/wiki/Willard_Price \"Willard Price\"). The books were published between 2012 and 2014\\.\n\n*I Killed Father Christmas* (Barrington Stoke, 2017\\) was his first book specifically targeted to middle readers with reading difficulties. It is the story of a boy who, after hearing his parents arguing, comes to believe that he is responsible for the death of [Father Christmas](/wiki/Father_Christmas \"Father Christmas\"), and thus must take his place.\n\n### Non\\-fiction\n\nIn 2017, McGowan's first book of non\\-fiction was published. *The Art of Failing: Notes from the Underdog* consisted of a series of essays from the course of one year in his life, each depicting some humorously embarrassing or bewildering event He wrote about neighborhood adventures with his Maltese dog, Monty, and the daily idiosyncrasies of parenthood and marriage. *[Kirkus Reviews](/wiki/Kirkus_Reviews \"Kirkus Reviews\")* said of it: \"the author's delight in unearthing the overlooked pain points of everyday life and laughing at them makes up for the fractured, willy\\-nilly nature of the narrative.\"\n\nIn *How to Teach Philosophy to Your Dog: A Quirky Introduction to the Big Questions in Philosophy* (2019\\), McGowan utilized his PhD in philosophy in examining the teachings of history's most renowned philosophers, which he presented in a series of 'conversations' between himself and his dog, Monty. *Kirkus Reviews* called it \"a charming, informative, unique introduction to Western philosophy\". Writing in *The Guardian,* [John Crace](/wiki/John_Crace_%28writer%29 \"John Crace (writer)\") said of it \"For essential reading on both the meaning of dogs and the meaning of life, I can recommend Anthony McGowan's wonderful book How to Teach Philosophy to Your Dog...The final chapter is a touching meditation on death and the existence – or not – of God, that takes in everything from Aristotle to Schopenhauer and leaves you suspecting dogs might already have had many of the answers all along.\"\n\n### Other writing\n\nAs a journalist, McGowan has written on sport, travel and culture. He has lectured on creative writing at [London Metropolitan University](/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University \"London Metropolitan University\"), [Royal Holloway, University of London](/wiki/Royal_Holloway%2C_University_of_London \"Royal Holloway, University of London\"), and [The Faber Academy](/wiki/Faber_%26_Faber \"Faber & Faber\").\n\n",
"### Adult fiction\n\nMcGowan wrote his first book, the gory and violent *Abandon Hope*, while working as a civil servant, but it was rejected by every publisher to which he sent it. When his wife Rebecca Campbell (then working as a fashion designer and executive) wrote a successful novel about the fashion industry, her agent offered to take McGowan on as a client, as well, on condition that he write something \"saner\" and \"more commercial\".\n\nHis adult thriller *Stag Hunt* was published by [Hodder \\& Stoughton](/wiki/Hodder_%26_Stoughton \"Hodder & Stoughton\") in 2004 and received positive reviews. But then a mistake was made printing the barcode on the paperback edition, and all the copies had to be recalled. Paperback sales tanked as a result, and his career as an adult novelist stalled.\n\nHe would return to the genre in 2007 after finding success as a young adult author: his second adult thriller *Mortal Coil* (2007\\), was described by *[Kirkus Reviews](/wiki/Kirkus_Reviews \"Kirkus Reviews\")* as \"a shady and literate thriller that oozes down\\-and\\-out ambiance.\"\n\n",
"### Young adult fiction\n\nHe turned to writing books for a teenage audience and soon found success. He rewrote his first, unpublished book, *Abandon Hope,* to make it appropriate for teens by taking out some of the more explicit parts and re\\-titled it *[Hellbent](/wiki/Hellbent_%28novel%29 \"Hellbent (novel)\").* The comical tale of a teenager who has died and gone to Hell was published in 2005 by [Random House](/wiki/Random_House \"Random House\") and was shortlisted for the [Branford Boase Award](/wiki/Branford_Boase_Award \"Branford Boase Award\"). The *Times* described it as \"dazzlingly clever and disgustingly funny.\"\n\nMcGowan went on to win the 2006 [Booktrust Teenage Prize](/wiki/Booktrust_Teenage_Prize \"Booktrust Teenage Prize\") with his next young adult book, *Henry Tumour*, about a boy whose brain tumor won't stop talking to him. He modeled the relationship of Henry and his tumor on that of [Falstaff](/wiki/John_Falstaff \"John Falstaff\") and young Hal in Shakespeare's *[Henry IV, Part 1](/wiki/Henry_IV%2C_Part_1 \"Henry IV, Part 1\")*. *The* *Guardian* said of it: \"This is one teen cancer book among many, but truly it's not like any other you may have come across. For one thing, it's funny – grimly, hilariously so...Original, smart and gripping, *Henry Tumour* breaks all kinds of rules, and does it with irresistible brio.\"\n\nHis agent next suggested that he write a book inspired by a series of knife crimes that were in the news at the time. *[The Knife That Killed Me](/wiki/The_Knife_That_Killed_Me \"The Knife That Killed Me\")* (2008\\) is the story of a 16\\-year\\-old boy whose relationship with the school bully has tragic results. *The* *Guardian* reviewed it, saying \"It's believable. It's upsetting. Anthony McGowan's insight is razor\\-sharp. If there's an author writing for children today who can really inhabit the skin of his characters, it's McGowan...McGowan is a wonderful writer.\" The book was longlisted for the [Guardian Children's Fiction Prize](/wiki/Guardian_Children%27s_Fiction_Prize \"Guardian Children's Fiction Prize\") and the [Carnegie Medal](/wiki/Carnegie_Medal_%28literary_award%29 \"Carnegie Medal (literary award)\") and shortlisted for the Booktrust Teenage Prize and the Young Minds Book Award. It was made into a [film of the same title](/wiki/The_Knife_That_Killed_Me_%28film%29 \"The Knife That Killed Me (film)\") that was released in 2014\\.\n\nMcGowan's 2013 book *Hello Darkness* looked at mental illness through the story of a teenage boy accused of killing school pets. [Tony Bradman](/wiki/Tony_Bradman \"Tony Bradman\") reviewed it for the *Guardian* and wrote: \"the genius of *Hello Darkness*...is that like *Henry Tumour*, which also deals with a very difficult subject, it isn't relentlessly serious, but clever and darkly funny.\"\n\nHe also writes books for [Barrington Stoke](/wiki/Barrington_Stoke \"Barrington Stoke\"), which specializes in short books with simple language for dyslexic and reluctant readers. He said in 2018: \"Writing for Barrington Stoke definitely made me change my prose style. And, I think, it was a change for the better. My earlier books are written in a rather complex 'look at me'; sort of style. There's a lot of showing off, a lot of proving how clever I am. But writing for Barrington Stoke made me focus on the bare bones of what makes us want to read: on character (above all), on the story, on the setting.\" *The Fall,* about the dire consequences of a practical joke, was published in 2011\\.\n\nHe continued writing for Barrington Stoke with four novellas in *The Truth of Things* series about northern working\\-class brothers Nicky and Kenny, the older of whom is [learning disabled](/wiki/Learning_disability \"Learning disability\"), who deal with a troubled home life and other challenges. *Brock* came out in 2013, *Pike* in 2015, *Rook* in 2017 and *Lark* in 2019\\. *Brock* was long\\-listed and *Rook* shortlisted for the Carnegie medal and in 2020, *Lark* won the prize with the tale of Nicky and Kenny's battle for survival after a hike on the [North Yorkshire Moors](/wiki/North_York_Moors \"North York Moors\") takes a dangerous turn.\n\n*Lark* was the *Sunday Times* Children's Book of the Week. Nicolette Jones wrote of it, \n> \"It is funny, scatological, terrifying, heartwarming and heartbreaking, and is written in everyday prose through teenage Nicky's convincing voice. The boys, whose family life has been rocky, but whose bond with each other is powerful, are touching and brave and also ordinary. McGowan creates characters whose background (working\\-class northern) is too little represented in fiction for young people, and he makes us know them and live their experience as if we were there.\"\n\nMcGowan collaborated with author [Joanna Nadin](/wiki/Joanna_Nadin \"Joanna Nadin\") on the book *Everybody Hurts* (2017\\), a love story between two teenagers of different social classes. Based on an idea by McGowan, he and Nadin took turns writing alternating chapters, with McGowan writing as the male character and Nadin as the female.\n\n",
"### Children's fiction\n\nIn 2008, McGowan published his first book for middle readers, *Einstein's Underpants and How They Saved the World.* [*The* *Independent*](/wiki/The_Independent \"The Independent\") said of it \"Einstein's Underpants is zany, irreverent and downright absurd \\- children will love it.\" In 2008 and 2009, he had four books in a series for children called *The Bare Bum Gang* published by Red Fox. The first book, *The Bare Bum Gang and the Football Faceoff*, was reviewed in [*The* *Telegraph*](/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph \"The Daily Telegraph\") by Dinah Hall, who wrote \"There's a fine line between crude and funny, and McGowan treads it expertly. If this doesn't get 7\\- to 9\\-year\\-olds reading, nothing will.\"\n\nIn 2009–2010, he took part as one of the writers of a new [Oxford University Press](/wiki/Oxford_University_Press \"Oxford University Press\") \"guided reading\" series designed to interest boys in reading, titled \"Project X\". McGowan penned approximately twenty of the titles in the series, which contains continuous adventure stories with a single set of main characters to take readers through the primary school years.\n\nIn 2011, he wrote *The Donut Diaries*, the first book in a trilogy which are credited to the main character, Dermot Milligan, an overweight boy threatened with being sent to Camp Fatso. The book won the Leicester Our Best Book Award 2012, and it was called \"a warm, witty and inspiring tale\" by the *Telegraph*. The sequel, *The Donut Diaries: Revenge is Sweet* was released in 2012, and the third in the series, *The Donut Diaries: Escape from Camp Fatso* came out the following year.\n\nIn 2011, it was announced that McGowan had been contracted to write four books that would revive the classic children's wildlife adventure series penned between 1949 and 1980 by the late [Willard Price](/wiki/Willard_Price \"Willard Price\"). The books were published between 2012 and 2014\\.\n\n*I Killed Father Christmas* (Barrington Stoke, 2017\\) was his first book specifically targeted to middle readers with reading difficulties. It is the story of a boy who, after hearing his parents arguing, comes to believe that he is responsible for the death of [Father Christmas](/wiki/Father_Christmas \"Father Christmas\"), and thus must take his place.\n\n",
"### Non\\-fiction\n\nIn 2017, McGowan's first book of non\\-fiction was published. *The Art of Failing: Notes from the Underdog* consisted of a series of essays from the course of one year in his life, each depicting some humorously embarrassing or bewildering event He wrote about neighborhood adventures with his Maltese dog, Monty, and the daily idiosyncrasies of parenthood and marriage. *[Kirkus Reviews](/wiki/Kirkus_Reviews \"Kirkus Reviews\")* said of it: \"the author's delight in unearthing the overlooked pain points of everyday life and laughing at them makes up for the fractured, willy\\-nilly nature of the narrative.\"\n\nIn *How to Teach Philosophy to Your Dog: A Quirky Introduction to the Big Questions in Philosophy* (2019\\), McGowan utilized his PhD in philosophy in examining the teachings of history's most renowned philosophers, which he presented in a series of 'conversations' between himself and his dog, Monty. *Kirkus Reviews* called it \"a charming, informative, unique introduction to Western philosophy\". Writing in *The Guardian,* [John Crace](/wiki/John_Crace_%28writer%29 \"John Crace (writer)\") said of it \"For essential reading on both the meaning of dogs and the meaning of life, I can recommend Anthony McGowan's wonderful book How to Teach Philosophy to Your Dog...The final chapter is a touching meditation on death and the existence – or not – of God, that takes in everything from Aristotle to Schopenhauer and leaves you suspecting dogs might already have had many of the answers all along.\"\n\n",
"### Other writing\n\nAs a journalist, McGowan has written on sport, travel and culture. He has lectured on creative writing at [London Metropolitan University](/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University \"London Metropolitan University\"), [Royal Holloway, University of London](/wiki/Royal_Holloway%2C_University_of_London \"Royal Holloway, University of London\"), and [The Faber Academy](/wiki/Faber_%26_Faber \"Faber & Faber\").\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nMcGowan is married to novelist and [London School of Economics](/wiki/London_School_of_Economics \"London School of Economics\") academic Rebecca Campbell. They have two children and live in West Hampstead, London.\n\nHe was diagnosed with testicular cancer in 1986 at the age of 21 and told his chance of survival was a percentage \"in the low teens\". He wrote an article for *Wisden Cricket Monthly* in 2019 about how listening to the [Ashes](/wiki/The_Ashes \"The Ashes\") cricket series on the radio helped get him through the ordeal.\n\nHe plays for the [Authors Cricket Club](/wiki/Authors_Cricket_Club \"Authors Cricket Club\") with a number of other British writers. He contributed a chapter on social class divisions and the game of cricket to the book that team members collectively wrote to commemorate their first season of playing together, *The Authors XI: A Season of English Cricket from Hackney to Hambledon*. In 2013, he hit the first [century](/wiki/Century_%28cricket%29 \"Century (cricket)\") (100\\+ runs in a single inning) of his life in a game against the Actors Cricket Club, a feat he later recounted in an article for the cricket journal *The Nightwatchman.*\n\n",
"Books\n-----\n\n### Non\\-fiction for adults\n\n### Fiction for adults\n\n### Fiction for young adults\n\n#### *The Truth of Things* series\n\n### Fiction for children\n\n#### *The Bare Bum Gang* series\n\n#### *Project X* series\n\n#### *The Donut Diaries* series\n\n#### *Willard Price* books\n\n",
"### Non\\-fiction for adults\n\n",
"### Fiction for adults\n\n",
"### Fiction for young adults\n\n#### *The Truth of Things* series\n\n",
"#### *The Truth of Things* series\n\n",
"### Fiction for children\n\n#### *The Bare Bum Gang* series\n\n#### *Project X* series\n\n#### *The Donut Diaries* series\n\n#### *Willard Price* books\n\n",
"#### *The Bare Bum Gang* series\n\n",
"#### *Project X* series\n\n",
"#### *The Donut Diaries* series\n\n",
"#### *Willard Price* books\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1965 births](/wiki/Category:1965_births \"1965 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:21st\\-century British novelists](/wiki/Category:21st-century_British_novelists \"21st-century British novelists\")\n[Category:English children's writers](/wiki/Category:English_children%27s_writers \"English children's writers\")\n[Category:English male novelists](/wiki/Category:English_male_novelists \"English male novelists\")\n[Category:21st\\-century British male writers](/wiki/Category:21st-century_British_male_writers \"21st-century British male writers\")\n[Category:Carnegie Medal in Literature winners](/wiki/Category:Carnegie_Medal_in_Literature_winners \"Carnegie Medal in Literature winners\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Larry Sullivan (soccer)
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2024-08-17T08:37:06Z
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{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"Personal life",
"References"
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"content": [
"\n\n**Larry Sullivan** is an American former soccer coach.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nFrom 1991 to 2007, Sullivan served as the head men's soccer coach at [Villanova University](/wiki/Villanova_University \"Villanova University\"). In 17 years, he compiled a 104–155–28 losing record. Prior to that from 1983 to 1991, Sullivan served as the head men's soccer coach at [Father Judge High School](/wiki/Father_Judge_High_School \"Father Judge High School\"). He started his coaching career in 1978 at [St. Joseph's University](/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_University \"St. Joseph's University\"). He was also the head coach of the Camden Catholic High School varsity boys soccer team in Cherry Hill, NJ.\n\nSullivan was a three\\-year varsity letter winner at [Northeast Catholic High School](/wiki/Northeast_Catholic_High_School \"Northeast Catholic High School\"), where he played both baseball and soccer. He was voted All\\-Catholic twice and was part of three PCL championship teams. After high school, he joined the [United States Army](/wiki/United_States_Army \"United States Army\"), and served in Vietnam. He received a [Purple Heart](/wiki/Purple_Heart \"Purple Heart\"), two [Bronze Stars](/wiki/Bronze_Star \"Bronze Star\") of medal, and the [Army Accommodation Award](/wiki/Army_Accommodation_Award \"Army Accommodation Award\") of valor. Sullivan then played College soccer at Temple U. from 1970 to 1972\\. Sullivan then played for the Philadelphia Spartans Professional Soccer Team. Sullivan has been inducted into the North Catholic Alumni, the North Catholic Soccer, the Father Judge, and SEPA Halls of Fame.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nSullivan is the grandfather of [Philadelphia Union](/wiki/Philadelphia_Union \"Philadelphia Union\") players [Quinn](/wiki/Quinn_Sullivan_%28soccer%29 \"Quinn Sullivan (soccer)\") and [Cavan Sullivan](/wiki/Cavan_Sullivan \"Cavan Sullivan\"), the father of [Brendan Sullivan](/wiki/Brendan_Sullivan_%28soccer%29 \"Brendan Sullivan (soccer)\"), and the uncle of former player [Chris Albright](/wiki/Chris_Albright \"Chris Albright\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villanova Wildcats men's soccer coaches](/wiki/Category:Villanova_Wildcats_men%27s_soccer_coaches \"Villanova Wildcats men's soccer coaches\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Temple Owls men's soccer players](/wiki/Category:Temple_Owls_men%27s_soccer_players \"Temple Owls men's soccer players\")\n[Category:Saint Joseph's Hawks men's soccer coaches](/wiki/Category:Saint_Joseph%27s_Hawks_men%27s_soccer_coaches \"Saint Joseph's Hawks men's soccer coaches\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:American soccer coaches](/wiki/Category:American_soccer_coaches \"American soccer coaches\")\n[Category:Soccer players from Philadelphia](/wiki/Category:Soccer_players_from_Philadelphia \"Soccer players from Philadelphia\")\n[Category:Association football players not categorized by nationality](/wiki/Category:Association_football_players_not_categorized_by_nationality \"Association football players not categorized by nationality\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Jager Afrikaner
|
{
"id": [
6282417
],
"name": [
"Pgallert"
]
}
|
0x9ndbyngwbddjty85x1syfueablf88
|
2024-06-19T16:24:11Z
| 1,229,425,613 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Citations",
"Sources",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Jager Afrikaner** ([Nama](/wiki/Khoekhoe_language \"Khoekhoe language\") name: **ǀHomǀaramab**, baptized **Christian Afrikaner** (?) at *Roode Zand* near [Tulbagh](/wiki/Tulbagh \"Tulbagh\"), [South Africa](/wiki/South_Africa \"South Africa\") – 18 August 1823 at [Blydeverwacht](/wiki/Blydeverwacht \"Blydeverwacht\"), [South\\-West Africa](/wiki/South-West_Africa \"South-West Africa\")) was the third Captain of the [Orlam](/wiki/Oorlam_%28ethnic_group%29 \"Oorlam (ethnic group)\") people in South West Africa, succeeding his father [Klaas Afrikaner](/wiki/Klaas_Afrikaner \"Klaas Afrikaner\") at around 1800\\. Before converting to Christianity through the missionary efforts of [Robert Moffat](/wiki/Robert_Moffat_%28missionary%29 \"Robert Moffat (missionary)\"), Afrikaner and his followers were considered notorious bandits.[Ross, 1998](/wiki/%23ross1998 \"#ross1998\"), pp. 464\\-465 He was one of the founders of Namibia's first systematic settlement in an engineering sense, [ǁKhauxaǃnas](/wiki/%C7%81Khauxa%C7%83nas \"ǁKhauxaǃnas\"). After his death in 1823 his son [Jonker Afrikaner](/wiki/Jonker_Afrikaner \"Jonker Afrikaner\") succeeded him as Captain of the Afrikaner Orlams.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nJager Afrikaner was born around 1769 in a region of Southern Africa, now part of the modern [Republic of Namibia](/wiki/Namibia \"Namibia\"). He was the son of [Klaas Afrikaner](/wiki/Klaas_Afrikaner \"Klaas Afrikaner\"), and a member of the [Orlam](/wiki/Oorlam_%28ethnic_group%29 \"Oorlam (ethnic group)\") ethnic group. Klaas and his sons would join farmer [Petrus Pienaar](/wiki/Petrus_Pienaar \"Petrus Pienaar\") on cattle rustling trips to the interior of the country. They joined Pienaar in settling to the [Hantam](/wiki/Hantam_Local_Municipality \"Hantam Local Municipality\") area in 1790, with Jager succeeding his father five years later as captain.\n\nTensions increased between the Orlam and Pienaar from 1793 onwards, resulting that Pienaar was murdered by Jager Afrikaner in March 1796 following a quarrel. The Orlam under Jager fled to the islands of the [Orange River](/wiki/Orange_River \"Orange River\") and began raiding local settlements. Following a raid into the [Cape Colony](/wiki/Cape_Colony \"Cape Colony\") and the death of a white farmer, Jager was outlawed in 1799\\. Local farmers could not be encouraged to pursue Jager, but instead formed alliances which eventually led to the formation of the [Griqua people](/wiki/Griqua_people \"Griqua people\") in combined defence against Jager and his allies.\n\nIn 1803, Jager led the Orlam north, migrating the [Cape Dutch](/wiki/Cape_Dutch \"Cape Dutch\") language north of the Orange River. By 1806, he had given up the raider's life, instead seeking to become a leader of a respectable settlement. He allowed Christian Missionaries to preach in his area, and followed them when they moved on eventually settling east of [Warmbad](/wiki/Warmbad%2C_Namibia \"Warmbad, Namibia\"). This peaceful period ended in 1810, when Jager led an attack on the London Missionary Society at [Pella](/wiki/Pella%2C_Northern_Cape \"Pella, Northern Cape\") following the illegal sale of some of the Orlam's cattle. They continued to raid the local area until the intervention of a German Christian missionary in 1815, who converted Jager and his brother Hendrik to Christianity.\n\nJager was taught to read and write by other missionaries like [Robert Moffat](/wiki/Robert_Moffat_%28missionary%29 \"Robert Moffat (missionary)\"), and adopted the Christian name of Christiaan. In February 1819, he travelled to the Cape Colony to petition [Lord Charles Somerset](/wiki/Lord_Charles_Somerset \"Lord Charles Somerset\") to set aside the outlaw charge. When the missionaries left the Orlam, Jager adopted the position of religious teacher and leader. Jager died in 1823, a week after his father. Jager's second son, [Jonker Afrikaner](/wiki/Jonker_Afrikaner \"Jonker Afrikaner\"), succeeded him.\n\n",
"Citations\n---------\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Cape Slave Heritage](http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/category/cape-creole/page/5/) Picture of Jager Afrikaner\n\n[Category:18th\\-century births](/wiki/Category:18th-century_births \"18th-century births\")\n[Category:1823 deaths](/wiki/Category:1823_deaths \"1823 deaths\")\n[Category:People from the Cape Winelands District Municipality](/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Cape_Winelands_District_Municipality \"People from the Cape Winelands District Municipality\")\n[Category:Namibian politicians](/wiki/Category:Namibian_politicians \"Namibian politicians\")\n[Category:Oorlam people](/wiki/Category:Oorlam_people \"Oorlam people\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Peats Ferry Bridge
|
{
"id": [
44089522
],
"name": [
"Motolone6"
]
}
|
artel02h1yobghjr2tthgu3w64mpfmb
|
2024-09-09T01:47:24Z
| 1,151,937,612 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Description",
"Heritage significance",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Peats Ferry Bridge** is a [steel](/wiki/Steel \"Steel\") [truss bridge](/wiki/Truss_bridge \"Truss bridge\") that carries the [Pacific Highway](/wiki/Pacific_Highway_%28Australia%29 \"Pacific Highway (Australia)\") (B83\\) across the [Hawkesbury River](/wiki/Hawkesbury_River \"Hawkesbury River\"), between and [Mooney Mooney](/wiki/Mooney_Mooney \"Mooney Mooney\") Point, located north of [Sydney](/wiki/Sydney \"Sydney\") in [New South Wales](/wiki/New_South_Wales \"New South Wales\"), [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\"). The bridge carries the to section of highway, while the adjacent [Brooklyn Bridge](/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge_%28Sydney%29 \"Brooklyn Bridge (Sydney)\") carries the [Pacific Motorway](/wiki/Pacific_Motorway_%28Sydney%E2%80%93Newcastle%29 \"Pacific Motorway (Sydney–Newcastle)\") (M1\\).\n\nThe Peats Ferry Bridge is a single [carriageway](/wiki/Carriageway \"Carriageway\") with one lane in each direction in [state highway](/wiki/Highways_in_Australia \"Highways in Australia\") conditions; and permits the carriage of [motor vehicles](/wiki/Motor_vehicle \"Motor vehicle\"), [pedestrians](/wiki/Pedestrian \"Pedestrian\") and [bicycles](/wiki/Bicycle \"Bicycle\"). The adjacent Brooklyn Bridge is a [dual carriageway](/wiki/Dual_carriageway \"Dual carriageway\") with three lanes in each direction of [motorway](/wiki/Motorway \"Motorway\") [grade\\-separated](/wiki/Grade_separation \"Grade separation\") conditions. Both bridges are maintained by [Transport for NSW](/wiki/Transport_for_NSW \"Transport for NSW\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nPeats Ferry, a [ferry](/wiki/Ferry \"Ferry\") operated by George Peat from 1847 until the 1890s, provided a local crossing of the Hawkesbury River: at that time there was no direct road between Sydney and Newcastle. The ferry service was made redundant by the completion of the [Main Northern railway line](/wiki/Main_Northern_railway_line \"Main Northern railway line\") in 1889 with the opening of the first Hawkesbury River railway bridge. Between 1925 and 1930 the New South Wales Public Works Department, and subsequently the [Main Roads Board](/wiki/Main_Roads_Board \"Main Roads Board\"), undertook construction of the road between Hornsby and Gosford, in order to provide a direct road route between Sydney and Newcastle. Upon completion of the roadworks in 1930 Peats Ferry was reinstated between Kangaroo Point and Mooney Mooney Point, pending construction of the bridge.\n\nConstruction of the bridge commenced in 1938 but it was not completed until May 1945\\. Prior to construction of the Hornsby\\-Gosford road via Peats ferry the most direct road route between Sydney and Newcastle was via the Old Northern Road via Wisemans Ferry and Cessnock, built in the 1820s.\n\nThe Sydney\\-Hornsby\\-Gosford\\-Newcastle route was named as part of the Great Northern Highway in 1928, and renamed as part of the Pacific Highway in 1931\\.\n\n",
"Description\n-----------\n\nThe two main bridge spans are K\\-trusses of welded steel construction. Each truss span measures long and these were the longest welded truss spans in the world when built. The deck of the truss spans in concrete, cast [in situ](/wiki/In_situ \"In situ\") around the truss members. The truss spans were fabricated off site and floated into position on barges, requiring a high degree of accuracy and coordination in fabrication and bridge pier setting out. To the north of the truss spans, the bridge has eight long and eight short steel girder spans. The bridge deck to these spans is also cast in situ concrete but is believed not to act compositely with steel, as might be used in more modern construction.\n\nNorth of the bridge itself a causeway some long was built in shallow water to complete the link to the northern bank.\n\nThe Pier supporting the main bridge spans is founded on a concrete caisson. The cutting foot of the caisson was cast on a barge in sheltered water and then floated out and sunk to the river bed within its own cofferdam. Jetting with compressed air and the addition of further sections of caisson then further sank the caisson. At one point the caisson accidentally slid under its own weight to below the water line. To recover this situation a further section had to be added by divers and the caisson pumped out, which took nine months to complete. The final caisson extends below low water level, just short of the world record depth for a bridge foundation at that time, held by the [San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge](/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge \"San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge\").\n\nThe bridge abutments are cast in situ concrete bearing to rock. Each abutment has concrete walls and parapets (balustrades).\n\nThe original railings to the east and west sides of the bridge spans were tubular top and bottom rails supported to steel angle standards with crimped wire mesh infill panels. These original rails still exist to the girder spans of the bridge. The rails to the two truss spans of the bridge were modified in 1966 by the removal of the tubular rails and crimped wire mesh and substitution with Armco type barriers bolted to the original steel angle standards. This was done in conjunction with the reconfiguration of the lanes to provide a third lane for tidal flow arrangements.\n\nThe bridge has two plaques at its south abutment commemorating the opening of the bridge in 1945 and the \"energy and skill of its builders\". A [toll](/wiki/Toll_road \"Toll road\") was levied on crossing the bridge, payable at the Mooney Mooney Point end of the bridge.\n\nThe bridge was superseded as the main crossing of the Hawkesbury River at this point by the opening of the adjacent six\\-lane [motorway](/wiki/Motorway \"Motorway\") bridge as part of the fourth stage of the Pacific Motorway in 1973\\. It continues in service carrying the Pacific Highway route as a backup and alternative route to the motorway, and provides access from the motorway to the towns of Brooklyn and Mooney Mooney, and to Mount White.\n\n",
"Heritage significance\n---------------------\n\nThe bridge received a Historic Engineering Marker from [Engineers Australia](/wiki/Engineers_Australia \"Engineers Australia\") as part of its [Engineering Heritage Recognition Program](/wiki/Engineers_Australia%23Engineering_Heritage_Recognition_Program \"Engineers Australia#Engineering Heritage Recognition Program\").\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of bridges in Sydney](/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Sydney \"List of bridges in Sydney\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* \\- informational video by Dept of Main Roads\n\n[Category:1945 establishments in Australia](/wiki/Category:1945_establishments_in_Australia \"1945 establishments in Australia\")\n[Category:Brooklyn, New South Wales](/wiki/Category:Brooklyn%2C_New_South_Wales \"Brooklyn, New South Wales\")\n[Category:Hawkesbury River](/wiki/Category:Hawkesbury_River \"Hawkesbury River\")\n[Category:Bridges in Sydney](/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_Sydney \"Bridges in Sydney\")\n[Category:Bridges completed in 1945](/wiki/Category:Bridges_completed_in_1945 \"Bridges completed in 1945\")\n[Category:Pacific Highway (Australia)](/wiki/Category:Pacific_Highway_%28Australia%29 \"Pacific Highway (Australia)\")\n[Category:Road bridges in New South Wales](/wiki/Category:Road_bridges_in_New_South_Wales \"Road bridges in New South Wales\")\n[Category:Recipients of Engineers Australia engineering heritage markers](/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_Engineers_Australia_engineering_heritage_markers \"Recipients of Engineers Australia engineering heritage markers\")\n[Category:Steel bridges in Australia](/wiki/Category:Steel_bridges_in_Australia \"Steel bridges in Australia\")\n[Category:Truss bridges in Australia](/wiki/Category:Truss_bridges_in_Australia \"Truss bridges in Australia\")\n[Category:Transport on the Central Coast (New South Wales)](/wiki/Category:Transport_on_the_Central_Coast_%28New_South_Wales%29 \"Transport on the Central Coast (New South Wales)\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Pardopsis
|
{
"id": [
4057701
],
"name": [
"Rlendog"
]
}
|
2yal9tcw64a03341f3m9kvg83v37hx7
|
2024-08-09T17:46:24Z
| 1,239,503,739 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + \n\n***Pardopsis*** is a [monotypic](/wiki/Monotypic \"Monotypic\") [butterfly](/wiki/Butterfly \"Butterfly\") genus in the family [Nymphalidae](/wiki/Nymphalidae \"Nymphalidae\").[\"*Pardopsis* Trimen, 1887\"](http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/heliconiinae/pardopsis/) at Markku Savela's *Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms*\n\nIts only species is ***Pardopsis punctatissima***, the **polka dot**. It is found in the [fynbos](/wiki/Fynbos \"Fynbos\") of South Africa, in lowland and [Afromontane](/wiki/Afromontane \"Afromontane\") forest, and grassland from [Van Stadens Pass](/wiki/Van_Stadens_Pass \"Van Stadens Pass\") in the [Eastern Cape](/wiki/Eastern_Cape \"Eastern Cape\"), along the foothills of the eastern escarpment into [Mpumalanga](/wiki/Mpumalanga \"Mpumalanga\") and [Limpopo](/wiki/Limpopo \"Limpopo\"), north to [Mozambique](/wiki/Mozambique \"Mozambique\") and from [Zimbabwe](/wiki/Zimbabwe \"Zimbabwe\") to [Ethiopia](/wiki/Ethiopia \"Ethiopia\"). It is also present in [Madagascar](/wiki/Madagascar \"Madagascar\").\n\nThe [wingspan](/wiki/Wingspan \"Wingspan\") is 30–34 mm for males and 33–36 mm for females. Adults are on wing year round with a peak from October to March.\n\nThe [larvae](/wiki/Larva \"Larva\") feed on *[Hybanthus capensis](/wiki/Hybanthus_capensis \"Hybanthus capensis\")*.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Argynnini](/wiki/Category:Argynnini \"Argynnini\")\n[Category:Nymphalidae genera](/wiki/Category:Nymphalidae_genera \"Nymphalidae genera\")\n[Category:Monotypic butterfly genera](/wiki/Category:Monotypic_butterfly_genera \"Monotypic butterfly genera\")\n[Category:Taxa named by Roland Trimen](/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Roland_Trimen \"Taxa named by Roland Trimen\")\n[Category:Butterflies of Africa](/wiki/Category:Butterflies_of_Africa \"Butterflies of Africa\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Shipley Energy
|
{
"id": [
48356132
],
"name": [
"Mayola Hembree"
]
}
|
mah8iwoq8p206wlkfi5p2c94py9kpt5
|
2024-08-29T02:16:56Z
| 1,032,347,923 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Services offered",
"Residential services",
"Commercial services",
"Shipley Group",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Shipley Energy** is a heating and cooling company headquartered in [York, Pennsylvania](/wiki/York%2C_Pennsylvania \"York, Pennsylvania\"). It provides energy to residential and commercial customers, in the [Mid\\-Atlantic region](/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_%28United_States%29 \"Mid-Atlantic (United States)\") of the United States, in the form of [heating oil](/wiki/Heating_oil \"Heating oil\"), [propane](/wiki/Propane \"Propane\"), [natural gas](/wiki/Natural_gas \"Natural gas\") and [electricity](/wiki/Electricity \"Electricity\") for residential customers, as well as [kerosene](/wiki/Kerosene \"Kerosene\"), [biodiesel](/wiki/Biodiesel \"Biodiesel\") and [fuel oil](/wiki/Fuel_oil \"Fuel oil\") to commercial customers, for buildings, machinery and fleets.\n\nThe company also installs and services heating and cooling equipment, for both residential and commercial customers.\n\n",
"Services offered\n----------------\n\n### Residential services\n\nResidential services offered:\n* Electricity supply\n* Natural gas\n* Propane heating\n* Oil heating\n* HVAC services\n* Cooling electricity installations\n\n### Commercial services\n\nCommercial services offered:\n* Energy fleet\n* Fueling service\n* Wholesale fuels\n* Equipment transport trucking\n\n",
"### Residential services\n\nResidential services offered:\n* Electricity supply\n* Natural gas\n* Propane heating\n* Oil heating\n* HVAC services\n* Cooling electricity installations\n\n",
"### Commercial services\n\nCommercial services offered:\n* Energy fleet\n* Fueling service\n* Wholesale fuels\n* Equipment transport trucking\n\n",
"Shipley Group\n-------------\n\nShipley Energy is a company of the Shipley Group. Other companies in the group:\n\n* **Shipley Fuels Marketing**, is the [wholesale](/wiki/Wholesale \"Wholesale\") fuel sister company of Shipley Energy. It offers fuel from most major refiners serving the Mid Atlantic Region, including biodiesel and bio\\-heating oil, heating oil, kerosene, diesel, NRLM and gasoline, both branded and unbranded. Services include: inventory monitoring, daily quoting, pump and gravity off\\-loading, and delivery.\n* **Seth Energy,** a Shipley Energy Company, provides HVAC services, heating oil, and propane to Lancaster and Chester counties, Pennsylvania.\n* **Tom’s Stores and Travel Centers**, are a chain of [gas station](/wiki/Gas_station \"Gas station\") and [convenience stores](/wiki/Convenience_store \"Convenience store\") based in York, Pennsylvania. The company currently has eight locations in central Pennsylvania.\n* **Solar Secured Solutions**, provides a solar run security system, for protecting [trailers](/wiki/Trailer_%28vehicle%29 \"Trailer (vehicle)\") and other portable property, including [explosives](/wiki/Explosives \"Explosives\"), and also offers the FuelQue product, a fuel monitoring system.\n\nShipley Energy also owns and operates three franchises of the Atlanta\\-based [Arby’s](/wiki/Arby%E2%80%99s \"Arby’s\") Restaurants chain, in conjunction with Tom’s Travel Centers.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Shipley Fuels Marketing](http://www.shipleywholesalefuels.com/default.aspx)\n* [Tom's Stores and Travel Centers](http://www.tomsonline.com/)\n* [Solar Secured Solutions](http://www.solarsecured.com/)\n* [Cosmo Solaris](https://cosmosolaris.com/)\n\n[Category:Energy companies of the United States](/wiki/Category:Energy_companies_of_the_United_States \"Energy companies of the United States\")\n[Category:York, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Category:York%2C_Pennsylvania \"York, Pennsylvania\")\n[Category:Companies based in York County, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_York_County%2C_Pennsylvania \"Companies based in York County, Pennsylvania\")\n[Category:American companies established in 1929](/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1929 \"American companies established in 1929\")\n[Category:1929 establishments in Pennsylvania](/wiki/Category:1929_establishments_in_Pennsylvania \"1929 establishments in Pennsylvania\")\n[Category:Privately held companies based in Pennsylvania](/wiki/Category:Privately_held_companies_based_in_Pennsylvania \"Privately held companies based in Pennsylvania\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Bill Ely
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2405:6E00:E23:8100:C073:181B:7F1F:133E"
]
}
|
p6nw32j6nem8fs0xb1nrqs3vb0epjme
|
2023-08-24T12:24:51Z
| 1,113,829,420 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\=1\\|[Caricature](/wiki/Caricature \"Caricature\") of William T. Ely, Minister for Health, by [Syd Miller](/wiki/Syd_Miller_%28cartoonist%29 \"Syd Miller (cartoonist)\") (published in *Smith's Weekly*, 2 April 1932\\).](/wiki/File:Caricature_of_W_T_Ely_by_Syd_Miller_SW_2Apr1932.jpg \"Caricature of W T Ely by Syd Miller SW 2Apr1932.jpg\")\n\n**William Thomas Ely** (7 June 1869 – 19 April 1957\\) was an Australian politician. He was a [Labor Party](/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_%28New_South_Wales_Branch%29 \"Australian Labor Party (New South Wales Branch)\") member of the [New South Wales Legislative Assembly](/wiki/New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly \"New South Wales Legislative Assembly\") from 1920 to 1922 and 1925 to 1932, representing the electorates of [Parramatta](/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Parramatta \"Electoral district of Parramatta\") (1920–22, 1925–27\\) and [Granville](/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Granville \"Electoral district of Granville\") (1927–1932\\). He was Minister for Health during the second [Lang](/wiki/Jack_Lang_%28Australian_politician%29 \"Jack Lang (Australian politician)\") government from 1931 until 1932\\.\n\nEly was born at [Andersons Creek](/wiki/Andersons_Creek \"Andersons Creek\") in [Victoria](/wiki/Victoria_%28Australia%29 \"Victoria (Australia)\") and trained as a journalist. He worked for *[The Age](/wiki/The_Age \"The Age\")* in [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne \"Melbourne\"), for which he was assigned to cover the Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide conventions in the leadup to [Federation](/wiki/Federation_of_Australia \"Federation of Australia\"), and later, some of the first meetings of the federal parliament. Ely was appointed as a representative of the newspaper in Sydney in 1905, and subsequently settled there. In 1912, he became co\\-proprietor of the *[Cumberland Times](/wiki/Cumberland_Times_and_Western_Advertiser \"Cumberland Times and Western Advertiser\")* newspaper in [Parramatta](/wiki/Parramatta%2C_New_South_Wales \"Parramatta, New South Wales\"), a role he held until his election to parliament.\n\nEly entered state politics at the [1920 election](/wiki/1920_New_South_Wales_state_election \"1920 New South Wales state election\"), when he won the last seat in multi\\-member [Parramatta](/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Parramatta \"Electoral district of Parramatta\") with the preferences of [Jack Lang](/wiki/Jack_Lang_%28Australian_politician%29 \"Jack Lang (Australian politician)\"). He lost the seat to Nationalist [Thomas Morrow](/wiki/Thomas_Morrow_%28Australian_politician%29 \"Thomas Morrow (Australian politician)\") in 1922, but won it back in 1925\\. The multi\\-member system was abolished in 1927, and Ely contested and won the recreated seat of [Granville](/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Granville \"Electoral district of Granville\"). He was re\\-elected in 1930 as Labor won government, and Ely was appointed to the new ministry, initially as Assistant Minister for Labour and Industry, but being promoted to Minister for Health in 1931, following Lang's sacking of [James McGirr](/wiki/James_McGirr \"James McGirr\"). His career came to an end at the [1932 election](/wiki/1932_New_South_Wales_state_election \"1932 New South Wales state election\"), amidst Labor's heavy defeat after Lang was sacked as Premier by Governor [Philip Game](/wiki/Philip_Game \"Philip Game\"); one of many Labor MPs to lose their seats, Ely was defeated by United Australia Party candidate [Claude Fleck](/wiki/Claude_Fleck \"Claude Fleck\"). He again contested Granville in a much closer race in 1935, but lost to Fleck by 82 votes.\n\nEly retired from politics after his 1935 loss, and subsequently became a poultry farmer. He died at [Bondi](/wiki/Bondi%2C_New_South_Wales \"Bondi, New South Wales\") in 1957\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:1869 births](/wiki/Category:1869_births \"1869 births\")\n[Category:1957 deaths](/wiki/Category:1957_deaths \"1957 deaths\")\n[Category:Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_New_South_Wales_Legislative_Assembly \"Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly\")\n[Category:Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales](/wiki/Category:Australian_Labor_Party_members_of_the_Parliament_of_New_South_Wales \"Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Carmel Christian School, Bristol
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
mdczy70zdozu4gil18xt314t6tj57an
|
2023-02-27T19:32:40Z
| 1,137,287,976 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"[thumb\\|294x294px\\|**Early Year's Classroom**](/wiki/File:CCS_EY_Classroom.jpg \"CCS EY Classroom.jpg\")\n\n**Carmel Christian School** (CCS) was an independent Early Year's provider in Brislington, [Bristol](/wiki/Bristol \"Bristol\"), England. Founded in 1997, the school originally provided all\\-through education, then in late 2020 became a facility solely for nursery and reception children.\n\nThe setting openly promoted a Christian ethos and worldview while delivering the [Early Years Foundation Stage](/wiki/EYFS \"EYFS\") (EYFS) curriculum. Staff regularly evaluated their practice through The Bristol Standard.\n\nIn July 2022, the proprietor and charity trustees closed the setting.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Carmel Christian School, Bristol](http://www.carmelchristianschool.org/)\n\n[Category:Private schools in Bristol](/wiki/Category:Private_schools_in_Bristol \"Private schools in Bristol\")\n[Category:Christian schools in England](/wiki/Category:Christian_schools_in_England \"Christian schools in England\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Peter Dedecker
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
qf60fuhuuu6afqxfb2oattuacwtc5ao
|
2024-10-04T20:03:18Z
| 1,249,414,665 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Notes"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Peter Dedecker** (born 7 November 1983 in [Zottegem](/wiki/Zottegem \"Zottegem\")) is a former [Belgian](/wiki/Belgium \"Belgium\") politician and is affiliated to the [N\\-VA](/wiki/New_Flemish_Alliance \"New Flemish Alliance\"). He was elected as a member of the [Belgian Chamber of Representatives](/wiki/Belgian_Chamber_of_Representatives \"Belgian Chamber of Representatives\") in 2010\\.\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n[Category:1983 births](/wiki/Category:1983_births \"1983 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Members of the 53rd Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_53rd_Chamber_of_Representatives_%28Belgium%29 \"Members of the 53rd Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)\")\n[Category:Members of the 54th Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_54th_Chamber_of_Representatives_%28Belgium%29 \"Members of the 54th Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)\")\n[Category:New Flemish Alliance politicians](/wiki/Category:New_Flemish_Alliance_politicians \"New Flemish Alliance politicians\")\n[Category:People from Zottegem](/wiki/Category:People_from_Zottegem \"People from Zottegem\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Liechtenstein at the 2010 European Athletics Championships
|
{
"id": [
37991216
],
"name": [
"1ctinus"
]
}
|
5lvzouirll2x3kixmr0muccw0wmlczg
|
2024-05-30T14:25:18Z
| 761,777,076 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Participants",
"Results",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**[Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\")** will be represented by 1 athlete at the [2010 European Athletics Championships](/wiki/2010_European_Athletics_Championships \"2010 European Athletics Championships\") held in [Barcelona](/wiki/Barcelona \"Barcelona\"), [Spain](/wiki/Spain \"Spain\").\n\n",
"Participants\n------------\n\n| Event | Men | Women |\n| Marathon | [Marcel Tschopp](/wiki/Marcel_Tschopp \"Marcel Tschopp\") | |\n|\n",
"Results\n-------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* [Participants list (men)](http://www.european-athletics.org/files/ech/finalentry_ech10_men.pdf)\n* [Participants list (women)](http://www.european-athletics.org/files/ech/finalentry_ech10_women.pdf)\n\n[Category:Nations at the 2010 European Athletics Championships](/wiki/Category:Nations_at_the_2010_European_Athletics_Championships \"Nations at the 2010 European Athletics Championships\")\n[2010](/wiki/Category:Liechtenstein_at_the_European_Athletics_Championships \"Liechtenstein at the European Athletics Championships\")\n[European Athletics Championships](/wiki/Category:2010_in_Liechtenstein_sport \"2010 in Liechtenstein sport\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Wright etch
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"209.205.72.95"
]
}
|
2p6jxra0wl2xqtdtgvy64d8fzcgbyat
|
2024-03-26T04:31:58Z
| 1,150,524,172 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Etch formula",
"Etch mechanism",
"Summary",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"[thumb\\|Margaret Wright Jenkins; 1936–2018](/wiki/File:Margaret_Wright_Jenkins_2014.jpg \"Margaret Wright Jenkins 2014.jpg\")\nThe **Wright etch** (also **Wright\\-Jenkins etch**) is a preferential etch for revealing defects in \\<100\\>\\- and \\<111\\>\\-oriented, p\\- and n\\-type [silicon](/wiki/Silicon \"Silicon\") wafers used for making transistors, microprocessors, memories, and other components. Revealing, identifying, and remedying such defects is essential for progress along the path predicted by [Moore's law](/wiki/Moore%27s_law \"Moore's law\"). It was developed by Margaret Wright Jenkins (1936\\-2018\\) in 1976 while working in [research and development](/wiki/Research_and_development \"Research and development\") at [Motorola Inc.](/wiki/Motorola_Inc. \"Motorola Inc.\") in Phoenix, AZ. It was published in 1977\\. This [etchant](/wiki/Etchant \"Etchant\") reveals clearly defined [oxidation](/wiki/Oxidation \"Oxidation\")\\-induced stacking faults, dislocations, swirls and striations with minimum surface roughness or extraneous pitting. These defects are known causes of shorts and current leakage in finished [semiconductor](/wiki/Semiconductor \"Semiconductor\") devices (such as [transistors](/wiki/Transistor \"Transistor\")) should they fall across isolated junctions. A relatively low etch rate (\\~1 micrometre per minute) at room temperature provides etch control. The long shelf life of this etchant allows the solution to be stored in large quantities.\n\n",
"Etch formula\n------------\n\nThe composition of the Wright etch is as follows:\n\n* 60 ml concentrated HF ([hydrofluoric acid](/wiki/Hydrofluoric_acid \"Hydrofluoric acid\"))\n* 30 ml concentrated HNO3 ([nitric acid](/wiki/Nitric_acid \"Nitric acid\"))\n* 30 ml of 5 mole CrO3 (mix 1 gram of [chromium trioxide](/wiki/Chromium_trioxide \"Chromium trioxide\") per 2 ml of water; the numbers are suspiciously round because the molecular weight of [chromium trioxide](/wiki/Chromium_trioxide \"Chromium trioxide\") is almost exactly 100\\).\n* 2 grams Cu(NO3)2 . 3H2O ([Copper II Nitrate Trihydrate](/wiki/Copper%28II%29_nitrate \"Copper(II) nitrate\"))\n* 60 ml concentrated CH3COOH ([acetic acid](/wiki/Acetic_acid \"Acetic acid\"))\n* 60 ml H2O ([deionized water](/wiki/Deionized_water \"Deionized water\"))\n\nIn mixing the solution, the best results are obtained by first dissolving the copper nitrate in the given amount of water; otherwise the order of mixing is not critical.\n\n",
"Etch mechanism\n--------------\n\nThe Wright etch consistently produces well\\-defined etch figures of common defects on silicon surfaces. This effect is attributed to the interactions of the selected [chemicals](/wiki/Chemical \"Chemical\") in the formula. Robbins and Schwartz described chemical etching of silicon in detail using an HF, HNO3 and H2O system; and an HF, HNO3, H2O and CH3COOH (acetic acid) system. Briefly, the etching of silicon is a two\\-step process. First, the top surface of the silicon is converted into a soluble [oxide](/wiki/Oxide \"Oxide\") by a suitable oxidizing agent(s). Then the resulting oxide layer is removed from the surface by dissolution in a suitable [solvent](/wiki/Solvent \"Solvent\"), usually HF. This is a continuous process during the etch cycle. In order to delineate a crystal defect, the defect area must be oxidized at a slower or faster rate than the surrounding area thereby forming a mound or pit during the preferential etch process.\n\nIn the present system, the silicon is oxidized with HNO3, CrO3 solution (which in this case contains the Cr2O72− dichromate ion, since the pH is low \\- see the phase diagram in [chromic acid](/wiki/Chromic_acid \"Chromic acid\")) and Cu (NO3)2. The dichromate ion, a strong oxidizing agent, is considered to be the principal [oxidizing agent](/wiki/Oxidizing_agent \"Oxidizing agent\"). The ratio of HNO3 to CrO3 solution stated in the formula produces a superior etched surface. Other ratios produce less desirable finishes. With the addition of a small amount of Cu (NO3)2, the definition of the defect was enhanced. Therefore, it is believed that the Cu (NO3)2 affects the localized differential oxidation rate at the defect site. The addition of the acetic acid gave the background surface of the etched silicon a smooth finish. It is theorized that this effect is attributed to the wetting action of the acetic acid which prevents the formation of bubbles during etching.\n\nAll experimental preferential etching to show defects was done on cleaned and oxidized wafers. All oxidations were performed at 1200 °C in steam for 75 minutes. Figure 1 (a) shows oxidation\\-induced stacking faults in \\<100\\>\\-oriented wafers after 30 minutes Wright etch, (b) and (c) show dislocation pits on \\<100\\>\\- and \\<111\\>\\-oriented wafers respectively after 20 minutes Wright etch.\n\n[thumb\\|Figure 1 (a),(b),(c)](/wiki/File:Fig1a.b.c.jpg \"Fig1a.b.c.jpg\")\n\nFigure 1 (a) shows oxidation\\-induced stacking faults on a \\<100\\>\\-oriented, 7\\-10 Ω\\-cm, boron\\-doped wafer after 30 minutes Wright etch (the A arrow in this figure points to the shape of faults that intersect the surface, while B points to bulk faults). Figure 1 (b) and (c) show dislocation pits on \\<100\\>\\- and \\<111\\>\\-oriented wafers respectively after 20 minutes Wright etch.\n\n",
"Summary\n-------\n\nThis etch process is a quick and reliable method of determining the integrity of pre\\-processed polished [silicon wafers](/wiki/Silicon_wafer \"Silicon wafer\") or to reveal defects that may be induced at any point during wafer processing. It has been demonstrated that Wright etch is superior in revealing stacking faults and dislocation etch figures when compared with those revealed by [Sirtl](/wiki/Sirtl_etch \"Sirtl etch\") and [Secco etchings](/wiki/Secco_etch \"Secco etch\").\n\nThis etch is widely used in failure analysis of electrical devices at various wafer processing stages. In comparison, the Wright etch was often the preferred etchant to reveal defects in silicon crystals.\n\n[thumb\\|Figure 2 (a),(b),(c): Wright etch comparison micrographs](/wiki/File:Wright.Etch.Fig2a.b.c.jpg \"Wright.Etch.Fig2a.b.c.jpg\")\n\nFigure 2 shows a comparison of oxidation\\-induced stacking fault delineation on \\<100\\>\\-oriented wafers after Wright etch, Secco and Sirtl etch respectively.\n\nFigure 3 shows a comparison of dislocation pits delineation on \\<100\\>\\-oriented wafers after Wright etch, Secco and Sirtl etch. The final figure 4 shows a comparison of dislocation pits revealed on a \\<111\\>\\-oriented wafer after etching with Wright etch, Secco and Sirtl etch respectively.\n\n[thumb\\|Figure 3 (a),(b),(c): Wright etch comparison micrographs](/wiki/File:Wright.Etch.Fig3a.b.c.jpg \"Wright.Etch.Fig3a.b.c.jpg\")\n\nFigure 3 shows a comparison of dislocation delineation on a \\<100\\>\\-oriented, 10\\-20 Ω\\-cm, boron doped wafer after oxidation and preferential etching. (a) After 20 minutes Wright etch, (b) 10 minutes Secco etch and (c) 6 minutes Sirtl etch.\n\n[thumb\\|Figure 4 (a),(b),(c): Wright etch comparison micrographs](/wiki/File:Wright.Etch.Fig4a.b.c.jpg \"Wright.Etch.Fig4a.b.c.jpg\")\n\nFigure 4 shows a comparison of dislocation delineation on a \\<111\\>\\-oriented, 10\\-20 Ω\\-cm, boron\\-doped wafer after oxidation and preferential etching. (a) After 10 minutes Wright etch, (b) 10 minutes Secco etch and (c) 3 minutes Sirtl etch. The arrows indicate slip direction.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Etching (microfabrication)](/wiki/Category:Etching_%28microfabrication%29 \"Etching (microfabrication)\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Richard Simpson (rugby union)
|
{
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
}
|
scd0jsi1e3k2gg0007mwpykr4uj76q2
|
2024-08-20T04:28:30Z
| 1,178,037,062 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Richard John Simpson** (c. 1885 – ?) was a [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union \"Rugby union\") player who represented Australia.\n\nSimpson, a [fullback](/wiki/Fullback_%28rugby_union%29 \"Fullback (rugby union)\"), was born in Sydney and claimed 1 international rugby cap for Australia.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:Australian rugby union players](/wiki/Category:Australian_rugby_union_players \"Australian rugby union players\")\n[Category:Australia international rugby union players](/wiki/Category:Australia_international_rugby_union_players \"Australia international rugby union players\")\n[Category:Year of birth uncertain](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_uncertain \"Year of birth uncertain\")\n[Category:Year of death missing](/wiki/Category:Year_of_death_missing \"Year of death missing\")\n[Category:Rugby union players from Sydney](/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_players_from_Sydney \"Rugby union players from Sydney\")\n[Category:Rugby union fullbacks](/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_fullbacks \"Rugby union fullbacks\")\n[Category:New South Wales rugby union team players](/wiki/Category:New_South_Wales_rugby_union_team_players \"New South Wales rugby union team players\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Ellis Arthur Franklin
|
{
"id": [
45205631
],
"name": [
"Diademchild"
]
}
|
tc4aiu3ftoijr0ofes1au2v0plcv6mq
|
2024-07-25T21:19:39Z
| 1,208,530,315 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"Career",
"Personal life",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Ellis Arthur Franklin** (28 March 1894 – 16 January 1964\\) was an English [merchant banker](/wiki/Merchant_banker \"Merchant banker\").\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nFranklin was born in [Kensington](/wiki/Kensington \"Kensington\"), London into an affluent [Anglo\\-Jewish](/wiki/Anglo-Jewish \"Anglo-Jewish\") family. He was the son of [Arthur Ellis Franklin](/wiki/Arthur_Ellis_Franklin \"Arthur Ellis Franklin\"), a merchant banker and senior partner at [Keyser \\& Co](/wiki/Keyser_Ullman \"Keyser Ullman\"), and his wife, Caroline Jacob.\n\nThe family was related to both parts of the Montagu\\-Samuel banking\\-and\\-politics 'Cousinhood'. Franklin's grandfather was [Ellis Abraham Franklin](/wiki/Ellis_Abraham_Franklin \"Ellis Abraham Franklin\") (1822\\-1909\\), a partner at Samuel Montagu and brother\\-in\\-law of [Lord Swaythling](/wiki/Samuel_Montagu \"Samuel Montagu\"). His uncle was [Herbert Samuel](/wiki/Herbert_Samuel%2C_1st_Viscount_Samuel \"Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel\"), [Home Secretary](/wiki/Home_Secretary \"Home Secretary\") (1916\\), and the first [High Commissioner](/wiki/High_Commissioner \"High Commissioner\") for the [British Mandate of Palestine](/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine \"Mandatory Palestine\").\n\nHis siblings included [Helen Bentwich](/wiki/Helen_Bentwich \"Helen Bentwich\") (wife to [Norman de Mattos Bentwich](/wiki/Norman_Bentwich \"Norman Bentwich\"), [Attorney General](/wiki/Attorney_General \"Attorney General\") in the [British Mandate of Palestine](/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine \"Mandatory Palestine\"), active in [trade union](/wiki/Trade_union \"Trade union\") organisation, [Women's Suffrage](/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage \"Women's suffrage\"), and the [London County Council](/wiki/London_County_Council \"London County Council\") on which she was a member) and [Hugh Franklin](/wiki/Hugh_Franklin_%28suffragist%29 \"Hugh Franklin (suffragist)\"), a militant [suffragist](/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage \"Women's suffrage\") and [penal reform](/wiki/Penal_reform \"Penal reform\") activist.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nEllis Franklin was a banker at [Keyser \\& Co](/wiki/Keyser_Ullman \"Keyser Ullman\"), where his father was senior partner. Franklin became a teacher of a class in Electricity at [The Working Men's College](/wiki/The_Working_Men%27s_College \"The Working Men's College\") in 1919, having been introduced to the College by his uncle, the banker Lionel Jacob. By 1922 he had become Vice Principal of the College and was instrumental in attracting donations to the College from the [City](/wiki/City_of_London \"City of London\"), and new College Corporation members from the [Home Office](/wiki/Home_Office \"Home Office\"), [The Bar](/wiki/Bar_%28law%29 \"Bar (law)\"), and the City.[Harrison, J. F. C.](/wiki/J._F._C._Harrison \"J. F. C. Harrison\") (1954\\), *A History of the Working Men's College (1854–1954\\)*, Routledge Kegan Paul, pp. 157, 164, 168\\.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nFranklin married Muriel Frances Waley (1894–1976\\). They resided in London.\n\nThey had five children. \nDavid (1919–1986\\) was the eldest.\n[Rosalind Franklin](/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin \"Rosalind Franklin\") (1920 \\- 1958\\), was the influential biophysicist, being involved in the discovery of DNA among many areas of work.\n[Colin Ellis Franklin](/wiki/Colin_Franklin_%28bibliographer%29 \"Colin Franklin (bibliographer)\") (1923–2020\\) was a writer, bibliographer, book\\-collector and antiquarian bookseller. \n[Sir Roland Franklin](/wiki/Roland_Franklin \"Roland Franklin\") (1926\\-2024\\) was a merchant banker. \nJenifer (born 1929\\) was their youngest child.\n\nDuring [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\"), Ellis A. Franklin helped Jewish refugees fleeing from the Continent, some being taken into the family home.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1894 births](/wiki/Category:1894_births \"1894 births\")\n[Category:1964 deaths](/wiki/Category:1964_deaths \"1964 deaths\")\n[Category:Bankers from London](/wiki/Category:Bankers_from_London \"Bankers from London\")\n[Category:English Jews](/wiki/Category:English_Jews \"English Jews\")\n[Ellis Arthur](/wiki/Category:Franklin_family_%28Anglo-Jewish%29 \"Franklin family (Anglo-Jewish)\")\n[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire](/wiki/Category:Officers_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire \"Officers of the Order of the British Empire\")\n[Category:Place of death missing](/wiki/Category:Place_of_death_missing \"Place of death missing\")\n[Category:20th\\-century English businesspeople](/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_businesspeople \"20th-century English businesspeople\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Reborn! season 8
|
{
"id": [
41959821
],
"name": [
"Eejit43"
]
}
|
0ijt6ity211qsldubwqwngk6kd7cn19
|
2024-04-02T18:30:32Z
| 1,216,697,617 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Episode list",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe eighth season of the *[Reborn!](/wiki/Reborn%21 \"Reborn!\")* [anime](/wiki/Anime \"Anime\") television series compiles episodes that aired between April 3, 2010 and June 19, 2010 on [TV Tokyo](/wiki/TV_Tokyo \"TV Tokyo\"). Titled as *Katekyō Hitman Reborn!* in [Japan](/wiki/Japan \"Japan\"), the [Japanese](/wiki/Japanese_language \"Japanese language\") [television series](/wiki/Television_program \"Television program\") is directed by Kenichi Imaizumi, and produced and animated by [Artland](/wiki/Artland_%28anime_studio%29 \"Artland (anime studio)\"). The plot, based on the *Reborn!* [manga](/wiki/Manga \"Manga\") by [Akira Amano](/wiki/Akira_Amano \"Akira Amano\"), follows [Tsuna Sawada](/wiki/Tsuna_Sawada \"Tsuna Sawada\"), the future boss of the infamous [Vongola Mafia family](/wiki/List_of_Reborn%21_characters%23Vongola_Family \"List of Reborn! characters#Vongola Family\") and the final battle against the Milliefiore family.\n\nThree pieces of [theme music](/wiki/Theme_music \"Theme music\") are used for the episodes: a single opening theme and two ending themes. The opening theme is \"Listen to the Stereo!!\" by [Going Under Ground](/wiki/Going_Under_Ground \"Going Under Ground\"). The first ending theme is by [D\\-51](/wiki/D-51 \"D-51\") until 191\\. The final ending theme is by \\+Plus. Titled , its first DVD volume was released on November 26, 2010\\. The second and third volumes were released on December 15, 2010 and January 28, 2011, respectively.\n\nOn March 21, 2009, Japan's d\\-rights production company collaborated with the anime\\-streaming website called [Crunchyroll](/wiki/Crunchyroll \"Crunchyroll\") in order to begin streaming subbed episodes of the Japanese\\-dubbed series worldwide. New episodes are available to everyone a week after its airing in Japan.\n\\_\\_TOC\\_\\_\n\n",
"Episode list\n------------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\nGeneral\nSpecific\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official *Reborn!* website](http://www.j-reborn.com/) \n* [Official anime website](http://www.anime-reborn.com/index.html) \n* [TV Tokyo's official anime website](http://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/contents/reborn/index.html) \n\n[Category:2010 Japanese television seasons](/wiki/Category:2010_Japanese_television_seasons \"2010 Japanese television seasons\")\n[Season 8](/wiki/Category:Reborn%21_episode_lists \"Reborn! episode lists\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Barcelona Province (Venezuela)
|
{
"id": [
44920675
],
"name": [
"JacktheBrown"
]
}
|
3zvb3uc2wwrpsl54001r85f9uce94uc
|
2023-04-02T16:22:54Z
| 1,147,854,506 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Modern [Anzoátegui](/wiki/Anzo%C3%A1tegui \"Anzoátegui\") State, similar in size and location to the former Barcelona Province](/wiki/File:Anzoategui_in_Venezuela.svg \"Anzoategui in Venezuela.svg\")\n[thumb\\|1840 map of the province by [Agostino Codazzi](/wiki/Agostino_Codazzi \"Agostino Codazzi\")](/wiki/File:Provincia_Barcelona.jpg \"Provincia Barcelona.jpg\")\n**Barcelona Province** (1811–1864\\) was one of the [provinces of Venezuela](/wiki/Provinces_of_Venezuela \"Provinces of Venezuela\") which signed the 1811 [Venezuelan Declaration of Independence](/wiki/Venezuelan_Declaration_of_Independence \"Venezuelan Declaration of Independence\") from the [Spanish Empire](/wiki/Spanish_Empire \"Spanish Empire\"). It became one of the [provinces of Gran Colombia](/wiki/Provinces_of_Gran_Colombia \"Provinces of Gran Colombia\") after [Venezuela](/wiki/Venezuela \"Venezuela\")'s independence from Gran Colombia in 1830\\. During the times of [Gran Colombia](/wiki/Gran_Colombia \"Gran Colombia\"), it was part of the [Orinoco Department](/wiki/Orinoco_Department \"Orinoco Department\"). \n\nIt corresponded roughly to the current Venezuelan state of [Anzoátegui](/wiki/Anzo%C3%A1tegui \"Anzoátegui\"), and it shared similarities with the short\\-lived *[New Catalonia Province](/wiki/New_Catalonia_Province \"New Catalonia Province\")* (1633–1654\\), founded by [Joan Orpí](/wiki/Joan_Orp%C3%AD \"Joan Orpí\"). Like Orpí's province, its capital city was [New Barcelona](/wiki/Barcelona%2C_Venezuela \"Barcelona, Venezuela\"), founded by Orpí.\n\nFollowing the [Federal War](/wiki/Federal_War \"Federal War\") it became Barcelona State in 1864\\. In 1909, it was renamed to Anzoátegui, in honor of [José Antonio Anzoátegui](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Anzo%C3%A1tegui \"José Antonio Anzoátegui\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:Provinces of Gran Colombia](/wiki/Category:Provinces_of_Gran_Colombia \"Provinces of Gran Colombia\")\n[Category:Provinces of Venezuela](/wiki/Category:Provinces_of_Venezuela \"Provinces of Venezuela\")\n[Category:1811 establishments in the Spanish Empire](/wiki/Category:1811_establishments_in_the_Spanish_Empire \"1811 establishments in the Spanish Empire\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Edward Cogswell House
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
hh8dhcofuiw4sog5kdo1cd5owhsw5hn
|
2022-05-28T17:17:50Z
| 1,014,762,057 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Description and history",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Edward Cogswell House**, also known as the **Bliss House**, is a historic house at 1429 Hopeville Road in [Griswold](/wiki/Griswold%2C_Connecticut \"Griswold, Connecticut\"), [Connecticut](/wiki/Connecticut \"Connecticut\"). With its oldest portion estimated to date to 1740, it is one of Griswold's few 18th\\-century buildings. It was added to the [National Register of Historic Places](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places \"National Register of Historic Places\") on December 15, 1993\\.\n\n",
"Description and history\n-----------------------\n\nThe Edward Cogswell House is located in a rural area of eastern Griswold, on the west side of Hopeville Road, about north of [Connecticut Route 138](/wiki/Connecticut_Route_138 \"Connecticut Route 138\"). It is a \\-story wood\\-frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney, clapboard siding, and a stone foundation. A \\-story ell extends to the rear. The ell is probably the oldest portion of the building, a not uncommon occurrence for houses of the period. The interior follows a typical central chimney plan, with a small entry vestibule that has a narrow winding stair to the second floor. Parlors flank the chimney on either side, and the kitchen extends across the rear, with small chambers at the rear corners. Interior finishes include original woodwork and wide chestnut floorboards.\n\nThe house's ell was built about 1740 by Edward Cogswell, who came to the Griswold area in 1714 as one of its first settlers. Cogswell was prominent in the ultimate separation of Griswold from [Preston](/wiki/Preston%2C_Connecticut \"Preston, Connecticut\"), and was an investor in an early ironworks. His son John, who succeeded to the property's ownership, served in the [American Revolutionary War](/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War \"American Revolutionary War\"). The house and associated farmlands (now developed) remained in the hands of Cogswell descendants until 1862\\.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [National Register of Historic Places listings in New London County, Connecticut](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_London_County%2C_Connecticut \"National Register of Historic Places listings in New London County, Connecticut\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut](/wiki/Category:Houses_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Connecticut \"Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Connecticut\")\n[Category:Houses in Griswold, Connecticut](/wiki/Category:Houses_in_Griswold%2C_Connecticut \"Houses in Griswold, Connecticut\")\n[Category:National Register of Historic Places in New London County, Connecticut](/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_New_London_County%2C_Connecticut \"National Register of Historic Places in New London County, Connecticut\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Solidago guiradonis
|
{
"id": [
38785495
],
"name": [
"TheAwsomeWiki"
]
}
|
3uonlkbzvjbdbhx4ee9frzpnmmrlqg5
|
2024-08-30T00:13:44Z
| 1,094,313,993 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Description",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Solidago guiradonis*** is an uncommon species of [goldenrod](/wiki/Solidago \"Solidago\") known by the common name **Guirado goldenrod**. It is native to the Central [California Coast Ranges](/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges \"California Coast Ranges\") of central [California](/wiki/California \"California\"), in southern [San Benito](/wiki/San_Benito_County%2C_California \"San Benito County, California\") and western [Fresno Counties](/wiki/Fresno_County%2C_California \"Fresno County, California\").\n\nThe species is a strict serpentine endemic with a range that includes the New Idria Serpentine Mass and Laguna Mountain Serpentine Mass. It is an obligate wetland species that occurs on the banks of perennial streams and rivers and also perennial seeps on the New Idria Serpentine Mass and Laguna Mountain Serpentine Mass.\n\n",
"Description\n-----------\n\n*Solidago guiradonis* is a perennial herb growing from a woody [caudex](/wiki/Caudex \"Caudex\"), sometimes reaching heights well over one meter (40 inches). The leaves are up to 20 centimeters (8 inches) long near the base of the plant but shorter farther up. They are linear to lance\\-shaped and have winged [petioles](/wiki/Petiole_%28botany%29 \"Petiole (botany)\") that expand to nearly sheath the stem at the bases. The herbage is mostly hairless.[Flora of North America, A. Gray, 1865\\. Guirado’s goldenrod](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250067546) \n\nThe [inflorescence](/wiki/Inflorescence \"Inflorescence\") is a cluster of sometimes as many as 190 small [flower heads](/wiki/Head_%28botany%29 \"Head (botany)\") in a branching, elongated array. Each flower head contains 10\\-21 yellow [disc florets](/wiki/Disc_floret \"Disc floret\") surrounded by up to 8\\-10 narrow yellow [ray florets](/wiki/Ray_florets \"Ray florets\") each 1 or 2 millimeters long.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Jepson Manual Treatment: *Solidago guiradonis*](http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1838,1844)\n* [*Solidago guiradonis* — Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California](http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Solidago+guiradonis)\n\n[guiradonis](/wiki/Category:Solidago \"Solidago\")\n[Category:Endemic flora of California](/wiki/Category:Endemic_flora_of_California \"Endemic flora of California\")\n[Category:Plants described in 1865](/wiki/Category:Plants_described_in_1865 \"Plants described in 1865\")\n[Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status](/wiki/Category:Flora_without_expected_TNC_conservation_status \"Flora without expected TNC conservation status\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Massu, Lääneranna Parish
|
{
"id": [
1189662
],
"name": [
"Flying Saucer"
]
}
|
88hbxf9m2h18qq8noxlk9zyzkrmesx9
|
2023-06-03T23:42:00Z
| 1,036,152,087 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Massu** () is a village in [Lääneranna Parish](/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4neranna_Parish \"Lääneranna Parish\"), [Pärnu County](/wiki/P%C3%A4rnu_County \"Pärnu County\"), in western [Estonia](/wiki/Estonia \"Estonia\"). (retrieved 28 July 2021\\)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Pärnu County](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_P%C3%A4rnu_County \"Villages in Pärnu County\")\n[Category:Kreis Wiek](/wiki/Category:Kreis_Wiek \"Kreis Wiek\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Basarabia Reînnoită
|
{
"id": [
17113669
],
"name": [
"Malayala Sahityam"
]
}
|
9x59m25njaudxz0saltzp29g6v6069o
|
2023-02-12T09:57:40Z
| 1,068,831,887 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"Bibliography",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Basarabia Reînnoită*** () was a newspaper from [Iaşi](/wiki/Ia%C5%9Fi \"Iaşi\"), [Romania](/wiki/Romania \"Romania\"), founded in March 1907 by Leonida Stamati,[PRESA BASARABEANĂ de la începuturi pînă în anul 1957\\. Catalog](http://www.hasdeu.md/ro/ebibl/poslednij.pdf) a [boyar](/wiki/Boyar \"Boyar\") from [Soroca](/wiki/Soroca \"Soroca\") involved in politics. After four issues, the newspaper was closed at the request of the [Russian authorities](/wiki/Russian_Empire \"Russian Empire\").I.Varta, O tentativă de creare a partidului liberal la Chislnău la început de secol XX. Libertatea, NN.45\\-46\\.[Câteva tentative de construire în Basarabia ale unor partide politice de orientare naţională](https://archive.today/20120708084806/http://dacoromania.net/en/articles/55-basarabia/95-cateva-tentative-de-construire-in-basarabia-ale-unor-partide-politice-de-orientare-naional)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n* Almanahul dicţionar al presei din România şi a celei româneşti de pretutindeni de G. Caliga. – București, 1926\\. – p. 155\\.\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [PRESA BASARABEANĂ de la începuturi pînă în anul 1957\\. Catalog](https://web.archive.org/web/20120304035846/http://www.hasdeu.md/ro/ebibl/poslednij.pdf)\n* [Câteva tentative de construire în Basarabia ale unor partide politice de orientare naţională](http://dacoromania.net/article/c%C3%A2teva-tentative-de-construire-%C3%AEn-basarabia-ale-unor-partide-politice-de-orientare-na%C8%9Bional%C4%83)\n\n[Category:1907 establishments in Romania](/wiki/Category:1907_establishments_in_Romania \"1907 establishments in Romania\")\n[Category:1907 disestablishments in Romania](/wiki/Category:1907_disestablishments_in_Romania \"1907 disestablishments in Romania\")\n[Category:Bessarabia Governorate](/wiki/Category:Bessarabia_Governorate \"Bessarabia Governorate\")\n[Category:Defunct newspapers published in Romania](/wiki/Category:Defunct_newspapers_published_in_Romania \"Defunct newspapers published in Romania\")\n[Category:Mass media in Iași](/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Ia%C8%99i \"Mass media in Iași\")\n[Category:Newspapers established in 1907](/wiki/Category:Newspapers_established_in_1907 \"Newspapers established in 1907\")\n[Category:Publications disestablished in 1907](/wiki/Category:Publications_disestablished_in_1907 \"Publications disestablished in 1907\")\n[Category:Romanian\\-language newspapers published in Moldova](/wiki/Category:Romanian-language_newspapers_published_in_Moldova \"Romanian-language newspapers published in Moldova\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Lužani Bosanski
|
{
"id": [
5183450
],
"name": [
"Drmies"
]
}
|
nofhumuwzn1gd6r4nu5ooklo9lu2l9j
|
2021-09-13T02:29:23Z
| 1,033,819,839 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Lužani Bosanski** () is a [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") in the [municipality](/wiki/Municipalities_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina \"Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina\") of [Derventa](/wiki/Derventa \"Derventa\"), [Bosnia and Herzegovina](/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina \"Bosnia and Herzegovina\").Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia\\-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991\\. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine \\- Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Republika Srpska](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Republika_Srpska \"Villages in Republika Srpska\")\n[Category:Populated places in Derventa](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Derventa \"Populated places in Derventa\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Ciliated cyst of the vulva
|
{
"id": [
46242311
],
"name": [
"IntentionallyDense"
]
}
|
blxrs2jofolgfm1tyxisn9sf5tj57e5
|
2024-04-29T03:57:26Z
| 1,219,940,342 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Ciliated cyst of the vulva**, also known as **cutaneous Müllerian cyst** and **paramesonephric mucinous cyst of the vulva**, is a cutaneous condition characterized by a cyst of the [vulva](/wiki/Vulva \"Vulva\").\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Ceruminoma](/wiki/Ceruminoma \"Ceruminoma\")\n* [List of cutaneous conditions](/wiki/List_of_cutaneous_conditions \"List of cutaneous conditions\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts](/wiki/Category:Epidermal_nevi%2C_neoplasms%2C_and_cysts \"Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Dollarman
|
{
"id": [
44662595
],
"name": [
"Schminnte"
]
}
|
4c5d23svunggrp4lbobw03gaulvwdwj
|
2023-04-27T18:56:17Z
| 1,152,031,526 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"Discography",
"Singles",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Dollarman** is a [Caribbean](/wiki/Caribbean \"Caribbean\") singer, songwriter, producer and musician born in [Grenada](/wiki/Grenada \"Grenada\"). Since moving to [Brooklyn, New York](/wiki/Brooklyn%2C_New_York \"Brooklyn, New York\"), he continues to present hits with a Caribbean influence and [reggae](/wiki/Reggae \"Reggae\").\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nIn the early 1990s, he recorded his first two tracks, \"Long Time Lover\" and \"Driver\" on the Rockers Forever record label. He also performed live at clubs and bars in New York and became well recognized on the Underground Brooklyn Reggae music scene for over 10 years.\n\nIn 2003, Dollarman was featured on the \"[Money](/wiki/Money_%28Pink_Floyd_song%29 \"Money (Pink Floyd song)\")\" track of Easy Star Record's Reggae/Dub tribute version of [Pink Floyd](/wiki/Pink_Floyd \"Pink Floyd\")'s album *[The Dark Side of the Moon](/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon \"The Dark Side of the Moon\")* titled *[Dub Side of the Moon](/wiki/Dub_Side_of_the_Moon \"Dub Side of the Moon\")*. Due to the album's success, Dollarman started appearing in US and European venues. His big claim to fame came when Dollarman was featured as a Dancehall artist on \"[Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)](/wiki/Rock_This_Party_%28Everybody_Dance_Now%29 \"Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)\")\" released by [Bob Sinclar](/wiki/Bob_Sinclar \"Bob Sinclar\") and [Cutee B](/wiki/Cutee_B \"Cutee B\") featuring Dollarman, [Big Ali](/wiki/Big_Ali \"Big Ali\") and Makedah. The song stayed at No. 1 for 4 weeks on the [Ultratop 40](/wiki/Ultratop_40_number-one_hits_of_2006 \"Ultratop 40 number-one hits of 2006\") Belgian charts, going gold.\n\nDollarman was awarded a gold plaque at the 2006 [MTV Europe](/wiki/MTV_Europe \"MTV Europe\")'s The Music Factory (TMF) Awards held in [Amsterdam](/wiki/Amsterdam \"Amsterdam\"), where he also performed. In 2007, it became a No. 1 hit in *[Billboard](/wiki/Billboard_magazine \"Billboard magazine\")'''s [Hot Dance Club Songs](/wiki/List_of_number-one_dance_singles_of_2007_%28U.S.%29 \"List of number-one dance singles of 2007 (U.S.)\"). The song is featured on Sinclar's album* [Western Dream](/wiki/Western_Dream \"Western Dream\")'' released on the Tommy Boy Label. Another big collaboration with Sinclar included the release of \"[Sound of Freedom](/wiki/Sound_of_Freedom_%28song%29 \"Sound of Freedom (song)\")\" with Bob Sinclar and Cutee B featuring [Gary Pine](/wiki/Gary_Pine \"Gary Pine\") and Dollarman which went to No. 1 on US [Hot Dance Club Songs](/wiki/Hot_Dance_Club_Songs \"Hot Dance Club Songs\") and was a top 5 hit in many European charts.[aCharts.us: Dollarman page](http://acharts.us/performer/dollarman)\n\nBased on these international successes, Dollarman performed in many European clubs. He followed that international hit in 2007 with another song produced by Bob Sinclar entitled \"Let Yourself Free\", a remake of the 1991 hit \"[Everybody's Free (To Feel Good)](/wiki/Everybody%27s_Free_%28To_Feel_Good%29 \"Everybody's Free (To Feel Good)\")\" by [Rozalla](/wiki/Rozalla \"Rozalla\"). It was yet again a hit in the Billboard dance charts. After a remix of [Ace of Base](/wiki/Ace_of_Base \"Ace of Base\") classic \"[All That She Wants](/wiki/All_That_She_Wants \"All That She Wants\")\", for the [Ministry of Sound](/wiki/Ministry_of_Sound \"Ministry of Sound\"), he had another massive hit with \"[Hit the Floor](/wiki/Hit_the_Floor_%28Big_Ali_song%29 \"Hit the Floor (Big Ali song)\")\", a remake of the hit song \"[The Power](/wiki/The_Power_%28Snap%21_song%29 \"The Power (Snap! song)\")\" by [Snap!](/wiki/Snap%21 \"Snap!\"). It is credited to [Big Ali](/wiki/Big_Ali \"Big Ali\") featuring Dollarman. It peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard dance charts.\n\nIn 2010, Dollarman released a new reggae song feat. Melody. Entitled \"You've change\", it is found on \"Love the Music\" compilation CD set released in June 2010\\.\n\n",
"Discography\n-----------\n\n### Singles\n\n* 2006: \"[Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)](/wiki/Rock_This_Party_%28Everybody_Dance_Now%29 \"Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)\")\" by [Bob Sinclar](/wiki/Bob_Sinclar \"Bob Sinclar\") and Cutee B featuring Dollarman, [Big Ali](/wiki/Big_Ali \"Big Ali\") and Makedah.\n\t+ Topped the Belgian Singles Chart, Czech Dance Chart, Hungarian Singles Chart and US Hot Dance Club Play; No. 2 Romanian Airplay; No. 3 UK Singles Chart, Eurochart Hot 100, Finland Singles Chart, France Singles Chart; No. 4 Irish and Swiss Singles Chart; No. 5 New Zealand Charts; No. 6 Australia; No. 12 The Netherlands and Austria; No. 14 in Italy and Sweden; No. 16 in Norway, No. 18 in Germany and No. 19 in Denmark\n* 2007: \"[Sound of Freedom](/wiki/Sound_of_Freedom_%28song%29 \"Sound of Freedom (song)\")\" by Bob Sinclar and Cutee B featuring [Gary Pine](/wiki/Gary_Pine \"Gary Pine\") and Dollarman\n\t+ Topped US Hot Dance Club Play; Reached No. 2 in Finland, No. 4 in French Airplay Chart; No. 6 in French SNEP Singles Chart; No. 8 in Denmark, No. 9 in Belgium and the Netherlands; No. 12 in UK Singles Chart, No. 22 in Australia, No. 29 in Italy, No. 31 in Switzerland, No. 39 in Austria and No. 52 in Sweden\n* 2008: \"Hit the Floor\" by [Big Ali](/wiki/Big_Ali \"Big Ali\") featuring Dollarman\n* 2009: \"Head Over Heels\" by [Larry McDonald (percussionist)](/wiki/Larry_McDonald_%28percussionist%29 \"Larry McDonald (percussionist)\") featuring Dollarman MCPR Music\n* 2010: \"You've change\" by Dollarman featuring [Singing Melody](/wiki/Singing_Melody \"Singing Melody\")\n* 2010: \"Spanish Lover\" by [Akcent](/wiki/Akcent \"Akcent\") featuring Dollarman\n",
"### Singles\n\n* 2006: \"[Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)](/wiki/Rock_This_Party_%28Everybody_Dance_Now%29 \"Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)\")\" by [Bob Sinclar](/wiki/Bob_Sinclar \"Bob Sinclar\") and Cutee B featuring Dollarman, [Big Ali](/wiki/Big_Ali \"Big Ali\") and Makedah.\n\t+ Topped the Belgian Singles Chart, Czech Dance Chart, Hungarian Singles Chart and US Hot Dance Club Play; No. 2 Romanian Airplay; No. 3 UK Singles Chart, Eurochart Hot 100, Finland Singles Chart, France Singles Chart; No. 4 Irish and Swiss Singles Chart; No. 5 New Zealand Charts; No. 6 Australia; No. 12 The Netherlands and Austria; No. 14 in Italy and Sweden; No. 16 in Norway, No. 18 in Germany and No. 19 in Denmark\n* 2007: \"[Sound of Freedom](/wiki/Sound_of_Freedom_%28song%29 \"Sound of Freedom (song)\")\" by Bob Sinclar and Cutee B featuring [Gary Pine](/wiki/Gary_Pine \"Gary Pine\") and Dollarman\n\t+ Topped US Hot Dance Club Play; Reached No. 2 in Finland, No. 4 in French Airplay Chart; No. 6 in French SNEP Singles Chart; No. 8 in Denmark, No. 9 in Belgium and the Netherlands; No. 12 in UK Singles Chart, No. 22 in Australia, No. 29 in Italy, No. 31 in Switzerland, No. 39 in Austria and No. 52 in Sweden\n* 2008: \"Hit the Floor\" by [Big Ali](/wiki/Big_Ali \"Big Ali\") featuring Dollarman\n* 2009: \"Head Over Heels\" by [Larry McDonald (percussionist)](/wiki/Larry_McDonald_%28percussionist%29 \"Larry McDonald (percussionist)\") featuring Dollarman MCPR Music\n* 2010: \"You've change\" by Dollarman featuring [Singing Melody](/wiki/Singing_Melody \"Singing Melody\")\n* 2010: \"Spanish Lover\" by [Akcent](/wiki/Akcent \"Akcent\") featuring Dollarman\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Dollarman MySpace](http://www.myspace.com/dollarmanmusic)\n* [Discogs.com: Dollarman page](http://www.discogs.com/artist/Dollarman)\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:American male singers](/wiki/Category:American_male_singers \"American male singers\")\n[Category:Grenadian emigrants to the United States](/wiki/Category:Grenadian_emigrants_to_the_United_States \"Grenadian emigrants to the United States\")\n[Category:Grenadian musicians](/wiki/Category:Grenadian_musicians \"Grenadian musicians\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Place of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Musicians from Brooklyn](/wiki/Category:Musicians_from_Brooklyn \"Musicians from Brooklyn\")\n[Category:Singers from New York City](/wiki/Category:Singers_from_New_York_City \"Singers from New York City\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Svetlana Rusu
|
{
"id": [
1261736
],
"name": [
"Red Director"
]
}
|
knr140gt11wfmhgj1wu4dnlgcbegh2w
|
2024-07-05T14:47:03Z
| 1,220,451,140 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Svetlana Rusu** (born 9 April 1972\\) is a [Moldovan](/wiki/Moldova \"Moldova\") politician.[Rusu Svetlana](http://www.parlament.md/LastructuredeParlament/Deputies/tabid/87/Id/75/Default.aspx)[Deputatul neafiliat Svetlana Rusu a aderat la Partidul Democrat](http://www.publika.md/deputatul-neafiliat-svetlana-rusu-a-aderat-la-partidul-democrat_43051.html)\n\nSe has served as a member of the [Parliament of Moldova](/wiki/Parliament_of_Moldova \"Parliament of Moldova\") since 2009\\. In 2010, Svetlana Popa left the [Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova](/wiki/Party_of_Communists_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova \"Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova\"). She was a member of [Democratic Party of Moldova](/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Moldova \"Democratic Party of Moldova\") and [United Moldova Party](/wiki/United_Moldova_Party \"United Moldova Party\").[Communists demand Svetlana Rusu vacate seat of MP](http://www.allmoldova.com/en/moldova-news/1249046318.html)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Deputatul neafiliat Svetlana Rusu a aderat la Partidul Democrat](http://www.publika.md/deputatul-neafiliat-svetlana-rusu-a-aderat-la-partidul-democrat_43051.html)\n* [Site\\-ul Parlamentului Republicii Moldova](http://www.parlament.md/)\n\n[Category:1972 births](/wiki/Category:1972_births \"1972 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:People from Florești District](/wiki/Category:People_from_Flore%C8%99ti_District \"People from Florești District\")\n[Category:Moldovan MPs 2009](/wiki/Category:Moldovan_MPs_2009 \"Moldovan MPs 2009\")\n[Category:Moldovan MPs 2009–2010](/wiki/Category:Moldovan_MPs_2009%E2%80%932010 \"Moldovan MPs 2009–2010\")\n[Category:Moldovan female MPs](/wiki/Category:Moldovan_female_MPs \"Moldovan female MPs\")\n[Category:Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova politicians](/wiki/Category:Party_of_Communists_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova_politicians \"Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova politicians\")\n[Category:Democratic Party of Moldova MPs](/wiki/Category:Democratic_Party_of_Moldova_MPs \"Democratic Party of Moldova MPs\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Moldovan women politicians](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Moldovan_women_politicians \"21st-century Moldovan women politicians\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Flavio Cattaneo
|
{
"id": [
46501768
],
"name": [
"LCF ikdo"
]
}
|
62m2njvzv5mpday9uvo0gjq44luomuy
|
2024-10-02T10:51:44Z
| 1,245,401,315 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"Awards and honors",
"Criticism",
"Personal life",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Flavio Cattaneo** (born 27 June 1963\\) is an Italian manager, non\\-executive vice president of [Italo \\- Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori](/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori \"Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori\"), the first private company operating high\\-speed trains in Europe, and member of the board of [Assicurazioni Generali](/wiki/Assicurazioni_Generali \"Assicurazioni Generali\"). He is CEO and General Manager of [Enel](/wiki/Enel \"Enel\") and vice chair of [Endesa](/wiki/Endesa \"Endesa\").\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nA graduate in architecture from the [Polytechnic University of Milan](/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan \"Polytechnic University of Milan\"), Cattaneo received a specialisation in business finance and management in the real estate sector at SDA Bocconi School of Management. From 1989 to 1998 he served as CEO of various Italian companies in the building and real estate sectors. From 1998 to 2001, Cattaneo was director of several energy companies, including AEM S.p.A. (now A2A) as deputy chairman, in which he was in charge of the gas distribution activities in the northeast of Italy as CEO of Triveneta Gas S.p.A. and Seneca Gas S.p.A. From 1999 to 2003, he was chairman and CEO of Fiera Milano S.p.A., the leading exhibition group in Italy, of which he oversaw its stock listing in 2001\\. Before the IPO, he followed the spin\\-off between the institutional activities of the foundation and the market activities in charge of the S.p.A., which expanded internationally with an increase of its international presence in over 30 countries.\n\nFrom 2003 to 2005 Cattaneo was nominated general director of [Rai](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\"). He was the youngest managing director of RAI S.p.A., the Italian public service broadcaster. The next year, under his leadership, the company gained its highest revenue ever.\n\nFrom 2007 to 2011, Cattaneo was also chairman of the Brazilian subsidiary TERNA Partecipaçoes, a private electricity grid operator. During that period, the subsidiary was listed on the BOVESPA Stock Exchange and became the first private grid operator in Brazil.\n\nFrom 2005 to 2014, Cattaneo was CEO of the infrastructure company Terna S.p.A., the Italian electricity transmission grid operator and the leading independent grid operator in Europe. During his management tenure, he developed an international expansion strategy in South America and in the Balkans, doubling the value of the stock price, and leading to the company recognized internationally as the best utility stock in Europe for total shareholder return (Edison Electric International Award Washington D.C., periods from 2007 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2012\\). He also served on the board of directors of several companies: Generali Assicurazioni (independent director, from December 2014 to April 2016\\); Domus Italia (chairman, from March 2015 to May 2016\\); and Cementir Holding S.p.A. (independent director and member of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee and Control and Risks Committee, from January 2008 to April 2015\\).\n\nFrom February 2015 to April 2016, Cattaneo was CEO of [NTV S.p.A.](/wiki/Nuovo_Trasporto_Viaggiatori \"Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori\") the first Italian private railway operator in the high\\-speed railway market (over 90% of sales made via web site CRM). During his time as CEO, NTV achieved positive net income for the first time since inception.\n\nFrom March 2016 to July 2017 Cattaneo held the title of CEO of [Telecom Italia](/wiki/Telecom_Italia \"Telecom Italia\"), replacing the resigning Marco Patuano. While he was CEO, Telecom Italia experienced improved growth and efficiency, including completing a major and extraordinary turnaround of the business via a major reorganization of internal processes, efficiency plans on non\\-core costs, and revenue plans. This resulted in the company increasing its customer and revenue numbers to levels not reached in the last 10 years, increasing its core investments, bringing the company back to leading the mobile segment in downloads, and covering around 70% of the country with fibre. Before his appointment as CEO, he was already on the board of directors as an independent director since April 2014; he also served as member of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee until March 2015\\.\n\nCattaneo's responsibilities at Telecom Italia were related to the overall management of the society and the group, being in charge of conceiving and implementing strategic, financial, and industrial plans. He also had organizational responsibilities, in charge of managing and developing Italian and South American business.\n\nDuring Cattaneo's tenure, the development of the 2016\\-2018 business plan included the growth and improved efficiency of the group. The results of this plan were visible in the second and third quarters of 2016, when Telecom Italia registered results in the domestic market not equalled since 2007: \\+1,4% of consolidated returns, \\+8,5% of the group's Ebitda, \\+1% of domestic business unit revenue, and an overall return of €1 billion (vs €367 million gained in the same period of 2015\\).\n\nCattaneo returned to Italo\\-Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori as CEO, from September 2017 to December 2018\\. In February 2018, Cattaneo finalized the sale of Italo to GIP – Global Infrastructure Partners (an American fund that focuses its investments on three main sectors: energy, transportation and water/waste) for an enterprise value of €2\\.4 billion, reinvesting in the company, and remaining a shareholder. From December 2018, Cattaneo has served as executive deputy chairman and chairman of the executive committee of Italo \\- Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori.\n\nIn May 2023, he was appointed CEO and General Manager of [Enel](/wiki/Enel \"Enel\"). In June 2023, he was also appointed Vice Chair of [Endesa](/wiki/Endesa \"Endesa\").\n\n",
"Awards and honors\n-----------------\n\nCattaneo received various national and international recognition. In 2010 he was nominated *Best Italian Manager* in the energy sector; in 2011, *Man of the Year* by the newspaper Staffetta Quotidiana; in 2016 *Manager of the Year* by magazine Milano\\-Finanza's survey, highlighting the improvement made in Telecom Italia Group from an industrial point of view; and the *Lombard Elite* list for having improved Italy's competitiveness.\n\nCattaneo has been a member of the *Giunta* of industrial association Confindustria and Vice President of the Industrials of the City of Rome.\n\nHe is [Knight of Labour](/wiki/Order_of_Merit_for_Labour \"Order of Merit for Labour\").\n\n",
"Criticism\n---------\n\nFlavio Cattaneo earned a bonus of €25 million as CEO at Telecom Italia; this has been stated by some market economy analysts as an unfair bonus, because of the company's high debt load, estimated at €26 billion.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nCattaneo is married to the Italian actress [Sabrina Ferilli](/wiki/Sabrina_Ferilli \"Sabrina Ferilli\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Italian businesspeople](/wiki/Category:Italian_businesspeople \"Italian businesspeople\")\n[Category:1963 births](/wiki/Category:1963_births \"1963 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Võlla, Saare County
|
{
"id": [
13892613
],
"name": [
"Estopedist1"
]
}
|
mkwkxjj5bf8nc4x2sm69ymy70i8mn04
|
2021-07-27T22:25:44Z
| 1,035,127,176 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Võlla** is a village in [Muhu Parish](/wiki/Muhu \"Muhu\"), [Saare County](/wiki/Saare_County \"Saare County\") in western [Estonia](/wiki/Estonia \"Estonia\").\n\nRussian general [Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden](/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Buxhoeveden \"Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden\") (1750–1811\\) was born in Võlla Manor.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Saare County](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Saare_County \"Villages in Saare County\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Richard Montanari
|
{
"id": [
47339992
],
"name": [
"እቲ ብሩር ፈረሰኛ"
]
}
|
1am5r62i1j4ffvp8xxf2meh9me8rq6s
|
2024-02-07T11:08:53Z
| 1,168,787,983 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Publishing history",
"Cleveland Series",
"Philadelphia Series",
"Other works",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Richard Montanari** (born December 6, 1952\\) is an American crime writer who debuted with his novel ***Deviant Way***, published by [Simon \\& Schuster](/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster \"Simon & Schuster\"), in 1995\\. It won the [Online Mystery Award](/wiki/Online_Mystery_Award \"Online Mystery Award\") (OLMA) for Best First Mystery. He has since published seven more novels, which are now available in almost 30 languages.\n\nIn 2005 he began his [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\") crime series with *[The Rosary Girls](/wiki/The_Rosary_Girls \"The Rosary Girls\")*, a police procedural thriller set inside the homicide unit of the [Philadelphia Police Department](/wiki/Philadelphia_Police_Department \"Philadelphia Police Department\"), introducing detectives Kevin Byrne and Jessica Balzano.\n\nMontanari was born in [Northeast Ohio](/wiki/Ohio \"Ohio\"), where he still resides.\n\n",
"Publishing history\n------------------\n\n### Cleveland Series\n\n* *[Deviant Ways](/wiki/Deviant_Ways \"Deviant Ways\")* (1995\\)\n* *[Kiss of Evil](/wiki/Kiss_of_Evil_%28Book%29 \"Kiss of Evil (Book)\")* (2001\\)\n\nIn 1995 Montanari wrote *Deviant Way*, introducing [Cleveland Police Department](/wiki/Cleveland_Police_Department \"Cleveland Police Department\") homicide detective John Paris. The story, a suspense novel chronicling a pair of thrill killers, earned him a two\\-book deal from [Michael Korda](/wiki/Michael_Korda \"Michael Korda\") at [Simon \\& Schuster](/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster \"Simon & Schuster\"). In 2001 Montanari published the sequel, *Kiss of Evil*. Both novels have been published worldwide, and were recently reissued by [Random House UK](/wiki/Random_House \"Random House\").\n\n### Philadelphia Series\n\n* *The Rosary Girls* (2005\\)\n* *The Skin Gods* (2006\\)\n* *Merciless* (2007\\) (UK title *Broken Angels*) (2007\\)\n* *Badlands* (UK title *Play Dead*) (2008\\)\n* *The Echo Man* (2011\\)\n* *The Killing Room* (2012\\)\n* *The Stolen Ones* (2013\\)\n* *The Doll Maker* (2014\\)\n* *Shutter Man* (2015\\)\n\nSet inside the homicide unit of the [Philadelphia Police Department](/wiki/Philadelphia_Police_Department \"Philadelphia Police Department\"), these novels include the alternating narratives of veteran police detective Kevin Francis Byrne, and his younger partner Jessica Balzano.\n\nThe stories, which \"possess a psychological depth all too rare in such fiction\" ([Publishers Weekly](/wiki/Publishers_Weekly \"Publishers Weekly\")), also include other recurring characters, most notably Detective Joshua Bontrager, who was, at one time, a member of the [Amish](/wiki/Amish \"Amish\") church. This series is published in France by Le Cherche Midi, in Italy by Editrice Nord, in Germany by Verlagsgruppe Lübbe, and in Denmark by People's Press.\n\n### Other works\n\nIn addition to his crime series, Montanari has penned two stand\\-alone novels. In 1998 he published *The Violet Hour*, a thriller featuring freelance writer Nicky Stella. In 2009 he published *The Devil’s Garden*, a psychological thriller introducing [New York District Attorney](/wiki/New_York_District_Attorney \"New York District Attorney\") Michael Roman.\n\nAs a journalist Montanari has written essays, profiles, articles, and both film and literary criticism in more than 200 publications, including *[The Chicago Tribune](/wiki/The_Chicago_Tribune \"The Chicago Tribune\")*, *[Detroit Free Press](/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press \"Detroit Free Press\")*, *[The Seattle Times](/wiki/The_Seattle_Times \"The Seattle Times\")*, *[The Plain Dealer](/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer \"The Plain Dealer\")*, and many others.\n\nAccording to a 1997 interview published in Volume XI, Issue 4 of Ohio Writer, Montanari's first screenplay \"The Skin Gods\" made it as far as the 1996 quarter\\-finals of the Nicholl Fellowship in Screenwriting Awards. The novel of the same name was published in 2003\\.\n\n",
"### Cleveland Series\n\n* *[Deviant Ways](/wiki/Deviant_Ways \"Deviant Ways\")* (1995\\)\n* *[Kiss of Evil](/wiki/Kiss_of_Evil_%28Book%29 \"Kiss of Evil (Book)\")* (2001\\)\n\nIn 1995 Montanari wrote *Deviant Way*, introducing [Cleveland Police Department](/wiki/Cleveland_Police_Department \"Cleveland Police Department\") homicide detective John Paris. The story, a suspense novel chronicling a pair of thrill killers, earned him a two\\-book deal from [Michael Korda](/wiki/Michael_Korda \"Michael Korda\") at [Simon \\& Schuster](/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster \"Simon & Schuster\"). In 2001 Montanari published the sequel, *Kiss of Evil*. Both novels have been published worldwide, and were recently reissued by [Random House UK](/wiki/Random_House \"Random House\").\n\n",
"### Philadelphia Series\n\n* *The Rosary Girls* (2005\\)\n* *The Skin Gods* (2006\\)\n* *Merciless* (2007\\) (UK title *Broken Angels*) (2007\\)\n* *Badlands* (UK title *Play Dead*) (2008\\)\n* *The Echo Man* (2011\\)\n* *The Killing Room* (2012\\)\n* *The Stolen Ones* (2013\\)\n* *The Doll Maker* (2014\\)\n* *Shutter Man* (2015\\)\n\nSet inside the homicide unit of the [Philadelphia Police Department](/wiki/Philadelphia_Police_Department \"Philadelphia Police Department\"), these novels include the alternating narratives of veteran police detective Kevin Francis Byrne, and his younger partner Jessica Balzano.\n\nThe stories, which \"possess a psychological depth all too rare in such fiction\" ([Publishers Weekly](/wiki/Publishers_Weekly \"Publishers Weekly\")), also include other recurring characters, most notably Detective Joshua Bontrager, who was, at one time, a member of the [Amish](/wiki/Amish \"Amish\") church. This series is published in France by Le Cherche Midi, in Italy by Editrice Nord, in Germany by Verlagsgruppe Lübbe, and in Denmark by People's Press.\n\n",
"### Other works\n\nIn addition to his crime series, Montanari has penned two stand\\-alone novels. In 1998 he published *The Violet Hour*, a thriller featuring freelance writer Nicky Stella. In 2009 he published *The Devil’s Garden*, a psychological thriller introducing [New York District Attorney](/wiki/New_York_District_Attorney \"New York District Attorney\") Michael Roman.\n\nAs a journalist Montanari has written essays, profiles, articles, and both film and literary criticism in more than 200 publications, including *[The Chicago Tribune](/wiki/The_Chicago_Tribune \"The Chicago Tribune\")*, *[Detroit Free Press](/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press \"Detroit Free Press\")*, *[The Seattle Times](/wiki/The_Seattle_Times \"The Seattle Times\")*, *[The Plain Dealer](/wiki/The_Plain_Dealer \"The Plain Dealer\")*, and many others.\n\nAccording to a 1997 interview published in Volume XI, Issue 4 of Ohio Writer, Montanari's first screenplay \"The Skin Gods\" made it as far as the 1996 quarter\\-finals of the Nicholl Fellowship in Screenwriting Awards. The novel of the same name was published in 2003\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* [\"Interview, Richard Montanari\" Book Reporter 2006](http://www.bookreporter.com/authors/au-montanari-richard.asp)\n* [\"Interview, Richard Montanari\" Chris High, Crime Time Magazine 2007](http://www.chrishigh.com/interviews/richard_montanari_interview.htm)\n* [\"Interview, Richard Montanari\" Shots Magazine 2009](http://www.shotsmag.co.uk/interviews/2008/r_montanari/r_montanari.html)\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Richard Montanari website](http://richardmontanari.com)\n* [Richard Montanari at Random House US](http://www.randomhouse.com/author/results.pperl?authorid=58730)\n* [Richard Montanari at Random House UK](http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/catalog/author.htm?authorID=6023)\n* [The Rosary Girls mini\\-site](http://www.randomhouse.co.uk/minisites/rosarygirls/)\n\n[Category:20th\\-century American novelists](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_novelists \"20th-century American novelists\")\n[Category:21st\\-century American novelists](/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_novelists \"21st-century American novelists\")\n[Category:American crime fiction writers](/wiki/Category:American_crime_fiction_writers \"American crime fiction writers\")\n[Category:American male novelists](/wiki/Category:American_male_novelists \"American male novelists\")\n[Category:Novelists from Ohio](/wiki/Category:Novelists_from_Ohio \"Novelists from Ohio\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:1952 births](/wiki/Category:1952_births \"1952 births\")\n[Category:20th\\-century American male writers](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_writers \"20th-century American male writers\")\n[Category:21st\\-century American male writers](/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_male_writers \"21st-century American male writers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Alfred Day
|
{
"id": [
6483916
],
"name": [
"Doug butler"
]
}
|
9lqlbxqf2dov4yutz74gk0thr6p75w9
|
2020-12-31T14:30:02Z
| 877,669,462 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Alfred Day"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Alfred Day** may refer to:\n\n* [Alf Day](/wiki/Alf_Day \"Alf Day\") (1907–1997\\), Welsh footballer\n* [Alf Day (Australian footballer)](/wiki/Alf_Day_%28Australian_footballer%29 \"Alf Day (Australian footballer)\") (1884–1968\\), Australian rules footballer\n* [Alfred Day (jockey)](/wiki/Alfred_Day_%28jockey%29 \"Alfred Day (jockey)\") (1830–1868\\), British jockey\n* [Alfred Day (music theorist)](/wiki/Alfred_Day_%28music_theorist%29 \"Alfred Day (music theorist)\") (1810–1849\\), English music theorist\n* [Alfred Norwood Day](/wiki/Alfred_Norwood_Day \"Alfred Norwood Day\") (1868–1939\\), South Australian railways official\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Carl Killen
|
{
"id": [
43621015
],
"name": [
"B3251"
]
}
|
006v7ifwq76rmgdqunan0ldd4kawywy
|
2024-09-24T20:15:10Z
| 1,134,955,712 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Carl Killen** is a former [Canadian](/wiki/Canadians \"Canadians\") politician, who was elected to the [Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick](/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_New_Brunswick \"Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick\") in the [2010 provincial election](/wiki/2010_New_Brunswick_general_election \"2010 New Brunswick general election\"). He represented the electoral district of [Saint John Harbour](/wiki/Saint_John_Harbour_%28electoral_district%29 \"Saint John Harbour (electoral district)\") as a member of the [Progressive Conservatives](/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_New_Brunswick \"Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick\")[New Brunswick Votes 2010: Saint John Harbour](http://www.cbc.ca/canada/nbvotes2010/ridings/034/). [cbc.ca](/wiki/Cbc.ca \"Cbc.ca\"), September 27, 2010\\. until the [2014 provincial election](/wiki/2014_New_Brunswick_general_election \"2014 New Brunswick general election\"), when he was defeated by [Ed Doherty](/wiki/Ed_Doherty_%28politician%29 \"Ed Doherty (politician)\"), the former MLA Killen had defeated in 2010\\.[\"Tight Saint John Harbour race in limbo for hours\"](http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/new-brunswick-votes-2014/tight-saint-john-harbour-race-in-limbo-for-hours-1.2774941). [CBC News](/wiki/CBC_News \"CBC News\"), September 23, 2014\\.\n\nKillen was previously elected to [Saint John City Council](/wiki/Saint_John_City_Council \"Saint John City Council\") in Ward 3 and was a high school teacher for 28 years.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick MLAs](/wiki/Category:Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_New_Brunswick_MLAs \"Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick MLAs\")\n[Category:Saint John, New Brunswick city councillors](/wiki/Category:Saint_John%2C_New_Brunswick_city_councillors \"Saint John, New Brunswick city councillors\")\n[Category:21st\\-century members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick](/wiki/Category:21st-century_members_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_of_New_Brunswick \"21st-century members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Heavy Soul (Ike Quebec album)
|
{
"id": [
11554556
],
"name": [
"Starcheerspeaksnewslostwars"
]
}
|
7i5wugirgf2hdwnviz8vziso154zw27
|
2024-02-20T20:31:10Z
| 1,144,453,878 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Reception",
"Track listing",
"Personnel",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Heavy Soul*** is the debut album by American saxophonist [Ike Quebec](/wiki/Ike_Quebec \"Ike Quebec\"), recorded in 1961 and released on the [Blue Note](/wiki/Blue_Note_Records \"Blue Note Records\") label.[Blue Note Records discography](http://www.jazzdisco.org/blue-note-records/catalog-4000-series/#blp-4093) accessed October 29, 2010\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\nThe [Allmusic](/wiki/Allmusic \"Allmusic\") review by [Scott Yanow](/wiki/Scott_Yanow \"Scott Yanow\") awarded the album 4 stars and stated \"Thick\\-toned tenor Ike Quebec is in excellent form... His ballad statements are quite warm, and he swings nicely on a variety of medium\\-tempo material\".Yanow, S. \\[ Allmusic Review] accessed October 14, 2010\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\n*All compositions by Ike Quebec except as indicated*\n\n1. \"Acquitted\" \\- 5:38\n2. \"Just One More Chance\" ([Sam Coslow](/wiki/Sam_Coslow \"Sam Coslow\"), [Arthur Johnston](/wiki/Arthur_Johnston_%28composer%29 \"Arthur Johnston (composer)\")) \\- 5:50\n3. \"Que's Dilemma\" \\- 4:29\n4. \"[Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?](/wiki/Brother%2C_Can_You_Spare_a_Dime%3F \"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?\")\" ([Jay Gorney](/wiki/Jay_Gorney \"Jay Gorney\"), [Yip Harburg](/wiki/Yip_Harburg \"Yip Harburg\")) \\- 5:28\n5. \"[The Man I Love](/wiki/The_Man_I_Love_%28song%29 \"The Man I Love (song)\")\" ([Gershwin](/wiki/George_Gershwin \"George Gershwin\"), [Gershwin](/wiki/Ira_Gershwin \"Ira Gershwin\")) \\- 6:31\n6. \"Heavy Soul\" \\- 6:51\n7. \"I Want a Little Girl\" ([Murray Mencher](/wiki/Murray_Mencher \"Murray Mencher\"), [Billy Moll](/wiki/Billy_Moll \"Billy Moll\")) \\- 5:22\n8. \"[Nature Boy](/wiki/Nature_Boy \"Nature Boy\")\" ([eden ahbez](/wiki/Eden_ahbez \"Eden ahbez\")) \\- 2:44\n9. \"Blues for Ike\" ([Roach](/wiki/Freddie_Roach_%28organist%29 \"Freddie Roach (organist)\")) \\- 5:54 Bonus track on CD\n",
"Personnel\n---------\n\n* [Ike Quebec](/wiki/Ike_Quebec \"Ike Quebec\") \\- [tenor saxophone](/wiki/Tenor_saxophone \"Tenor saxophone\")\n* [Freddie Roach](/wiki/Freddie_Roach_%28organist%29 \"Freddie Roach (organist)\") \\- [organ](/wiki/Electronic_organ \"Electronic organ\") (tracks 1\\-7 \\& 9\\)\n* [Milt Hinton](/wiki/Milt_Hinton \"Milt Hinton\") \\- [bass](/wiki/Double_bass \"Double bass\")\n* [Al Harewood](/wiki/Al_Harewood \"Al Harewood\") \\- [drums](/wiki/Drum_kit \"Drum kit\") (tracks 1\\-7 \\& 9\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Blue Note Records albums](/wiki/Category:Blue_Note_Records_albums \"Blue Note Records albums\")\n[Category:Ike Quebec albums](/wiki/Category:Ike_Quebec_albums \"Ike Quebec albums\")\n[Category:1962 albums](/wiki/Category:1962_albums \"1962 albums\")\n[Category:Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio](/wiki/Category:Albums_recorded_at_Van_Gelder_Studio \"Albums recorded at Van Gelder Studio\")\n[Category:Albums produced by Alfred Lion](/wiki/Category:Albums_produced_by_Alfred_Lion \"Albums produced by Alfred Lion\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Acacia trachyphloia
|
{
"id": [
38675202
],
"name": [
"Rogermccart"
]
}
|
cj1qsagko3hrzwdc0b5gcd486hqig48
|
2024-06-06T03:33:49Z
| 1,227,502,841 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Acacia trachyphloia*** is a tree native to southeastern [Australia](/wiki/Australia \"Australia\"). Common names include **Bodalla wattle** and **golden feather wattle**. The [specific epithet](/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature \"Binomial nomenclature\") *trachyphloia* refers to the rough bark.\n\nIt grows from 4 to 18 metres tall, and is found beside streams and other moist areas between [Lake Conjola](/wiki/Lake_Conjola \"Lake Conjola\") and [Bodalla](/wiki/Bodalla%2C_New_South_Wales \"Bodalla, New South Wales\") in the south coast region and nearby tablelands of [New South Wales](/wiki/New_South_Wales \"New South Wales\"). A number of different [eucalyptus](/wiki/Eucalyptus \"Eucalyptus\") trees are found nearby. As with many of the acacias, it forms attractive yellow flowers between July and October.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[trachyphloia](/wiki/Category:Acacia \"Acacia\")\n[Category:Fabales of Australia](/wiki/Category:Fabales_of_Australia \"Fabales of Australia\")\n[Category:Flora of New South Wales](/wiki/Category:Flora_of_New_South_Wales \"Flora of New South Wales\")\n[Category:Trees of Australia](/wiki/Category:Trees_of_Australia \"Trees of Australia\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Ecphora
|
{
"id": [
27107701
],
"name": [
"Lavalizard101"
]
}
|
8m9ed4zsi7b6pmz38g51tuvzy5ljqt3
|
2024-10-16T21:36:15Z
| 1,209,780,691 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Etymology",
"Subdivisions",
"Evolution",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Ecphora** is the [common name](/wiki/Common_name \"Common name\") for a group of [extinct](/wiki/Extinct \"Extinct\") [predatory](/wiki/Predatory \"Predatory\") [marine](/wiki/Marine_%28ocean%29 \"Marine (ocean)\") [gastropod](/wiki/Gastropod \"Gastropod\") [mollusks](/wiki/Mollusk \"Mollusk\") within the family [Muricidae](/wiki/Muricidae \"Muricidae\"), the rocks snails or murexes. The common name is based on the first officially described genus, *[Ecphora](/wiki/Ecphora_%28genus%29 \"Ecphora (genus)\")*. The entire lineage of these [ocenebrinid](/wiki/Ocenebrinae \"Ocenebrinae\") murexes are descended from the [Eocene](/wiki/Eocene \"Eocene\") murex, *[Tritonopsis](/wiki/Tritonopsis \"Tritonopsis\")*. Ecphoras were indigenous to the [North American](/wiki/North_America \"North America\") [Eastern Seaboard](/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States \"East Coast of the United States\"), being found in marine strata from the Late [Eocene](/wiki/Eocene \"Eocene\") until their extinction during the [Pliocene](/wiki/Pliocene \"Pliocene\"). Many ecphora species are important [index fossils](/wiki/Index_fossil \"Index fossil\").\n\n",
"Etymology\n---------\n\nThe name \"Ecphora\" is Greek, meaning \"bearing out.\" The word was originally used by [Vitruvius](/wiki/Vitruvius \"Vitruvius\") to signify the projecture of a member or moulding of a column, and here refers to the distinctive \"T\\-shaped\" ribs that project from the shell.Oxford English Dictionary, \"Ecphora\" entry.\n\n",
"Subdivisions\n------------\n\nThere are at least 70 recognized species in eight genera, and one subgenus of ecphoras recognized.\n* *[Rapanecphora](/wiki/Rapanecphora \"Rapanecphora\")* from Priaboian stage ([Eocene](/wiki/Eocene \"Eocene\")) until the early [Miocene](/wiki/Miocene \"Miocene\")\n* *[Chesathais](/wiki/Chesathais \"Chesathais\")* from [Oligocene](/wiki/Oligocene \"Oligocene\") to Aquitanian stage (Miocene)\n* *[Ecphorosycon](/wiki/Ecphorosycon \"Ecphorosycon\")* from Oligocene to Aquitanian stage (Miocene)\n* *[Siphoecphora](/wiki/Siphoecphora \"Siphoecphora\")* early Miocene\n* *[Trisecphora](/wiki/Trisecphora \"Trisecphora\")* [Miocene](/wiki/Miocene \"Miocene\")\n* *[Ecphora](/wiki/Ecphora_%28genus%29 \"Ecphora (genus)\")* Conrad, 1843 Miocene to Pliocene\n\t+ - *[E. gardnerae](/wiki/Ecphora_gardnerae \"Ecphora gardnerae\")* (the [type species](/wiki/Type_species \"Type species\"))\n\t+ *[Planecphora](/wiki/Planecphora \"Planecphora\")* Miocene to [Pliocene](/wiki/Pliocene \"Pliocene\")\n* *[Globecphora](/wiki/Globecphora \"Globecphora\")* Miocene\n* *[Latecphora](/wiki/Latecphora \"Latecphora\")* Miocene to Pliocene\n\n",
"Evolution\n---------\n\nIn his book, The Field Guide to Ecphoras, Edward Petuch proposed that the ecphoras comprised the subfamily \"Ecphorinae,\" a sister\\-group of the [Rapaninae](/wiki/Rapaninae \"Rapaninae\") that were descended from various [Maastrichtian](/wiki/Maastrichtian \"Maastrichtian\") Texan species of the [Mesozoic](/wiki/Mesozoic \"Mesozoic\") murex [genus](/wiki/Genus \"Genus\") *Saragana*. However, later research lead Petuch to revise ecphora evolution: now, the ecphoras are thought to be [ocenibrenine](/wiki/Ocenebrinae \"Ocenebrinae\") murexes descended from the Eocene genus *Tritonopsis*, which is a common fossil in marine Eocene strata of the Southeastern United States. The closest living relatives of the ecphoras is the extant ocenibrine murex genus *[Forreria](/wiki/Forreria \"Forreria\")*.\n\nAt the end of the Eocene, *Tritonopsis* disappeared from the fossil record, leaving behind its two daughter genera, *Rapanecphora* and *Ecphorosycon*. *Rapanecphora* would eventually become extinct during the early Miocene, while *Ecphorosycon* would undergo several diversification events, one during the Oligocene that produced the genus *Chesathais*, and two events during the early Miocene that produced the genera *Siphoecphora* and *Trisecphora*. The three\\-ribbed *Trisecphora* would then give rise to the (mostly) four\\-ribbed genus *Ecphora*, and both genera coexisted together with *Chesathais* and *Ecphorosycon*, along with *Ecphora'''s subgenus* Planecphora*, up until midway through the Serravallian stage, when* Planecphora *was extirpated from the Eastern American Seaboard (surviving only in coral reefs of Florida), and all ecphora genera up to this time, save for* Ecphora*, itself, became extinct.*\n\nDuring the late Miocene, Ecphora *would then give rise to two more daughter taxa,* Latecphora *and* Globecphora*. These genera persisted until their extinction during the early Pliocene.* Ecphora *also persisted, though, its species were slowly pushed south to coral reefs in southern Florida due to climate changes turning the Eastern Seaboard from tropical/subtropical to temperate. Eventually, by the end of the early Pliocene,* Ecphora *and* Planecphora'' were restricted to the [Everglades](/wiki/Everglades \"Everglades\") atoll, until their extinction due to competition by newer murex genera invading from the Caribbean.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* [Nomenclator Zoologicus info](http://www.ubio.org/NZ/detail.php?uid=64678&d=1)\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Maryland Geological Survey: Maryland's State Fossil Shell](http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/fs/fs6.html) \n\n[Category:Muricidae](/wiki/Category:Muricidae \"Muricidae\")\n[Category:Prehistoric gastropods](/wiki/Category:Prehistoric_gastropods \"Prehistoric gastropods\")\n[Category:Index fossils](/wiki/Category:Index_fossils \"Index fossils\")\n[Category:Eocene genus first appearances](/wiki/Category:Eocene_genus_first_appearances \"Eocene genus first appearances\")\n[Category:Eocene gastropods](/wiki/Category:Eocene_gastropods \"Eocene gastropods\")\n[Category:Oligocene gastropods](/wiki/Category:Oligocene_gastropods \"Oligocene gastropods\")\n[Category:Miocene gastropods](/wiki/Category:Miocene_gastropods \"Miocene gastropods\")\n[Category:Pliocene gastropods](/wiki/Category:Pliocene_gastropods \"Pliocene gastropods\")\n[Category:Piacenzian extinctions](/wiki/Category:Piacenzian_extinctions \"Piacenzian extinctions\")\n[Category:Mollusc common names](/wiki/Category:Mollusc_common_names \"Mollusc common names\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Eugenia Mateianu
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
6twjd5thoofiwxsvcd3j3f1n70iv30q
|
2024-10-16T12:58:45Z
| 1,156,642,901 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Eugenia Mateianu** (born 8 April 1936\\) is a Romanian [fencer](/wiki/Fencing \"Fencing\"). She competed in the women's team [foil](/wiki/Foil_%28fencing%29 \"Foil (fencing)\") event at the [1960 Summer Olympics](/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics \"1960 Summer Olympics\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1936 births](/wiki/Category:1936_births \"1936 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Chișinău](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u \"Sportspeople from Chișinău\")\n[Category:Romanian female fencers](/wiki/Category:Romanian_female_fencers \"Romanian female fencers\")\n[Category:Olympic fencers for Romania](/wiki/Category:Olympic_fencers_for_Romania \"Olympic fencers for Romania\")\n[Category:Fencers at the 1960 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Fencers_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics \"Fencers at the 1960 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Romanian women](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Romanian_women \"20th-century Romanian women\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Romanian women](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Romanian_women \"21st-century Romanian women\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Chhaap Tilak Sab Chheeni
|
{
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
}
|
14zxe9o8ghe6700gemnbj44ohjr65t3
|
2024-10-16T15:45:20Z
| 1,251,353,647 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Text and translation",
"Popular culture",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Chhaap Tilak Sab Chheeni***, is a [Ghazal](/wiki/Ghazal \"Ghazal\") written and composed by [Amir Khusro](/wiki/Amir_Khusro \"Amir Khusro\"), a 14th\\-century [Sufi](/wiki/Sufi \"Sufi\") mystic, in popular Western Indian language [Braj Bhasha](/wiki/Braj_Bhasha \"Braj Bhasha\"). Due to the resonance of its melody and mystical lyrics, it is frequently heard in [Qawwali](/wiki/Qawwali \"Qawwali\") concerts across Indian Subcontinent. Chaapp Tilak Sab Chheeni is considered as Amir Khusru‘s most known Kalam which is basically a penned version of his imagination of devotion and the joy of oneness with the eternal one. This poetry is an epic example where an inherent middle eastern art form gets entangled with the Indic philology, custom and art a unique twist between the two artforms. This kind of devotion is rarely seen in Islamic ghazals and qawwalis preceding it. This poetry is a great example of the role both cultures played to create this Ghazal and Qawwali which has a unique essence combining both Indic and Islamic culture which inherently created a new unique art form which contributed to the early beginnings of the [Ganga\\-Jamuni Tehzeeb](/wiki/Ganga-Jamuni_Tehzeeb \"Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb\") culture to be developed.\n\nThe theme of the composition, being the absolute power of a mere glance from the Divine, is a central theme in sufi mystic literature.\n\nThis [poem](/wiki/Poem \"Poem\") has been sung in Qawwali format by notable Pakistani and Indian Qawwals, including [Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan](/wiki/Ustad_Nusrat_Fateh_Ali_Khan \"Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan\"), [Naheed Akhtar](/wiki/Naheed_Akhtar \"Naheed Akhtar\"), [Mehnaz Begum](/wiki/Mehnaz_Begum \"Mehnaz Begum\"), [Abida Parveen](/wiki/Abida_Parveen \"Abida Parveen\"), [Sabri Brothers](/wiki/Sabri_Brothers \"Sabri Brothers\"), [Iqbal Hussain Khan Bandanawazi](/wiki/Iqbal_Hussain_Khan_Bandanawazi \"Iqbal Hussain Khan Bandanawazi\"), [Farid Ayaz](/wiki/Fareed_Ayaz \"Fareed Ayaz\") \\& Abu Muhammad Qawwal, Ustad Jafar Hussain Khan, [Ustad Vilayat Khan](/wiki/Ustad_Vilayat_Khan \"Ustad Vilayat Khan\"), [Ustad Shujaat Khan](/wiki/Ustad_Shujaat_Khan \"Ustad Shujaat Khan\"), [Zila Khan](/wiki/Zila_Khan \"Zila Khan\"), [Abida Parveen](/wiki/Abida_Parveen \"Abida Parveen\"), [Nizami Bandhu](/wiki/Nizami_Bandhu \"Nizami Bandhu\"), [Hadiqa Kiani](/wiki/Hadiqa_Kiani \"Hadiqa Kiani\") , [Smita Bellur](/wiki/Smita_Bellur \"Smita Bellur\"), [Lata Mangeshkar](/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar \"Lata Mangeshkar\"), [Asha Bhosle](/wiki/Asha_Bhosle \"Asha Bhosle\"), [Rahat Fateh Ali Khan](/wiki/Rahat_Fateh_Ali_Khan \"Rahat Fateh Ali Khan\"), [Kailash Kher](/wiki/Kailash_Kher \"Kailash Kher\") and [Kavita Seth](/wiki/Kavita_Seth \"Kavita Seth\").\n\n",
"Text and translation\n--------------------\n\n| **[English](/wiki/English_language \"English language\")** | **[Nastaliq](/wiki/Nastaliq \"Nastaliq\")** | **[Devanagari](/wiki/Devanagari \"Devanagari\")** | **Latin Transliteration** |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| You've taken away my identity (prayer callus, zabiba, tilak, tika), and everything from me by looking into my eyes. You've said the unsaid (agam \\= secrets of divine nature), just by a glance. By making me drink the love of devotion. You've intoxicated me by just a glance; My fair, delicate wrists with green bangles on them, Have been taken off by you with just a glance. I give my life to you, Oh my cloth\\-dyer, You've dyed me like yourself, by just a glance. I give my whole life to you Oh, Nizam (Nizamuddin Auliya) You've made me your bride, by just a glance. You've said the wonder, by just a glance. | | छाप तिलक सब छीनी रे मोसे नैना मिलाइके बात अगम कह दीनी रे मोसे नैना मिलाइके प्रेम भटी का मधवा पिलाइके मतवाली कर लीनी रे मोसे नैना मिलाइके गोरी गोरी बईयाँ, हरी हरी चूड़ियाँ बईयाँ पकड़ हर लीनी रे मोसे नैना मिलाइके बल बल जाऊं मैं तोरे रंग रजवा अपनी सी रंग दीनी रे मोसे नैना मिलाइके ख़ुसरो निजाम के बल बल जाए मोहे सुहागन कीनी रे मोसे नैना मिलाइके बात अजब कह दीनी रे मोसे नैना मिलाइके | Chaāp tilak sab chhīnī re mose nainā milāike Bāt agam keh dīnī re mose nainā milāike Prem bhaṭī kā madhvā pilāike Matvālī kar līnī re mose nainā milāike Gorī gorī baīyān, harī harī chuṛiyān Baīyān pakaṛ har līnī re mose nainā milāike Bal bal jāūn main tore rang rajvā Apnī sī rang dinī re mose nainā milāike Khusro nizaam ke bal bal jaiye Mohe suhāgan kīnī re mose nainā milāike Bāt ajab keh dīnī re mose nainā milāike |\n\n",
"Popular culture\n---------------\n\nThe 1978 [Bollywood](/wiki/Bollywood \"Bollywood\") film *[Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki](/wiki/Main_Tulsi_Tere_Aangan_Ki \"Main Tulsi Tere Aangan Ki\")* featured a version by [Lata Mangeshkar](/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar \"Lata Mangeshkar\") and [Asha Bhosle](/wiki/Asha_Bhosle \"Asha Bhosle\"). Another popular version, by [Abida Parveen](/wiki/Abida_Parveen \"Abida Parveen\") and [Rahat Fateh Ali Khan](/wiki/Rahat_Fateh_Ali_Khan \"Rahat Fateh Ali Khan\"), appeared on the Pakistani musical variety show [Coke Studio](/wiki/Coke_Studio_%28Pakistan%29 \"Coke Studio (Pakistan)\"). Other Indian films which include the ghazal include *[Saat Uchakkey](/wiki/Saat_Uchakkey \"Saat Uchakkey\")* (2016\\) where it is sung by [Keerthi Sagathia](/wiki/Keerthi_Sagathia \"Keerthi Sagathia\") (composed by [Bapi–Tutul](/wiki/Bapi%E2%80%93Tutul \"Bapi–Tutul\")), *[Unpaused](/wiki/Unpaused \"Unpaused\")* (2020\\) \\- composed by Shishir A Samant and sung by Samant and Sunil Kamath. The song has maintained its popularity over the years, being regularly heard on television talent shows in India and Pakistan, and on social media as well.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:14th\\-century poems](/wiki/Category:14th-century_poems \"14th-century poems\")\n[Category:14th\\-century songs](/wiki/Category:14th-century_songs \"14th-century songs\")\n[Category:Sufi songs](/wiki/Category:Sufi_songs \"Sufi songs\")\n[Category:Sufi music](/wiki/Category:Sufi_music \"Sufi music\")\n[Category:Indian songs](/wiki/Category:Indian_songs \"Indian songs\")\n[Category:Qawwali songs](/wiki/Category:Qawwali_songs \"Qawwali songs\")\n[Category:Ghazal songs](/wiki/Category:Ghazal_songs \"Ghazal songs\")\n[Category:Islamic music](/wiki/Category:Islamic_music \"Islamic music\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Slettfjell
|
{
"id": [
507787
],
"name": [
"Ohnoitsjamie"
]
}
|
s5rtasxciifuzsm8hhtcyz9dalrwbmv
|
2023-01-05T22:07:44Z
| 1,130,959,790 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Slettfjell"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Slettfjell** () is a low, flattish [mountain](/wiki/Mountain \"Mountain\") about 1 nautical mile (1\\.9 km) west of [Aurho Peak](/wiki/Aurho_Peak \"Aurho Peak\"), on the [Ahlmann Ridge](/wiki/Ahlmann_Ridge \"Ahlmann Ridge\") of [Queen Maud Land](/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land \"Queen Maud Land\"). Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by [Norwegian\\-British\\-Swedish Antarctic Expedition](/wiki/Norwegian-British-Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition \"Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition\") (NBSAE) (1949–52\\) and named Slettfjell (level mountain).\n\n[Category:Mountains of Queen Maud Land](/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Queen_Maud_Land \"Mountains of Queen Maud Land\")\n[Category:Princess Martha Coast](/wiki/Category:Princess_Martha_Coast \"Princess Martha Coast\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Miller v. Treadwell
|
{
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
}
|
rzeto8086jq1ipzqydwbolfnpgsoblf
|
2024-09-11T18:06:55Z
| 1,223,420,699 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Background",
"Federal lawsuit",
"Write-in count completed",
"State court lawsuits",
"Appeal to the Supreme Court of Alaska",
"Discussion of constitutional issues in the media",
"Continuation",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Miller v. Treadwell***, also known as *Miller v. Campbell*, is a series of three lawsuits filed by [U.S. Senate candidate](/wiki/United_States_Senate \"United States Senate\"), [Joe Miller](/wiki/Joe_Miller_%28Alaska_politician%29 \"Joe Miller (Alaska politician)\"), in both federal and Alaska state courts, that dispute vote\\-counting methods and other procedures conducted by the Alaska Division of Elections relating to the November 2, 2010 [general election](/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Alaska%2C_2010 \"United States Senate election in Alaska, 2010\").\n\nThe first suit was filed by Miller in the [U.S. District Court of Alaska](/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Alaska \"United States District Court for the District of Alaska\") on November 9, 2010,Miller v. Campbell (3:10\\-cv\\-00252\\-RRB, District of Alaska) That suit was directed at invalidating write\\-in ballots that did not perfectly spell the last name of Miller's opponent, [Lisa Murkowski](/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski \"Lisa Murkowski\"), or that did not reproduce her name as it appeared on her declaration of write\\-in candidacy. When he filed the suit, Miller also sought a [preliminary injunction](/wiki/Preliminary_injunction \"Preliminary injunction\") requesting a suspension of the hand count of all the write\\-in votes pending a final order of the federal court. The judge denied the injunction, stating that irreparable harm would not occur because disputed ballots could be kept separate for re\\-examination. Miller also filed a suit in State court on November 11, asking for voter rolls to compare to the number of votes cast in certain precincts, and to look for evidence of vote fraud.\n\nOn November 19, the federal judge directed Miller to move his suit to State court for a determination of whether the Division of Elections was violating Alaska law, and he issued an order halting the certification of the election, pending the outcome of the litigation. Miller then filed his second State court lawsuit regarding the election in the Alaska Superior Court on November 22\\. All of Miller's claims were rejected by the judge on December 10\\. Miller appealed the ruling to the Alaska Supreme Court; they heard oral arguments on December 17 and have fast\\-tracked their decision\\-making. The federal court retained jurisdiction of the U.S. constitutional issues that Miller raised in his November 9 Complaint; namely, that when the State Division of Elections used a voter intent standard in counting write\\-in ballots, it violated the Elections Clause and the Due Process Clause. According to Miller, the State election statute should be strictly construed to prohibit the counting of ballots in a candidates' favor if the ballots do not exactly comply with the clear and mandatory language of the statute. The federal judge has indicated he will rule in an expedited fashion on any U.S. constitutional issues that remain after the ruling by the Alaska Supreme court.\n\n",
"Background\n----------\n\nIncumbent U.S. Senator Murkowski, a [Republican](/wiki/Republican_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Republican Party (United States)\"), ran as a write\\-in candidate in the November 2010 general election because she had been defeated by Miller in the August 2010 Republican primary. The largest number of ballots cast in the November election were write\\-ins which required a hand\\-count to determine the names written on those ballots.\n\n",
"Federal lawsuit\n---------------\n\nWhen Alaska's state Division of Elections announced that it would consider voter intent when reviewing the write\\-in ballots, Miller sued to prevent the counting of ballots that did not perfectly spell Murkowski's last name, or that did not reproduce her name exactly as it was stated on Murkowski's declaration of write\\-in candidacy, or that had penmanship issues. Miller claimed State law was very strict in this regard, and that all such ballots should be discounted. He claimed the federal court [had jurisdiction](/wiki/Federal-question_jurisdiction \"Federal-question jurisdiction\") saying that State election officials would be violating the [Elections Clause](/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution%23Section_4:Congressional_elections \"Congressional elections\") of the U.S. Constitution and the [Equal Protection Clause](/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause \"Equal Protection Clause\") of the 14th Amendment by using a voter intent standard. On November 19, the court ruled against Miller's request for a preliminary injunction to immediately stop the write\\-in vote count, but allowed the lawsuit to continue. Alaska election officials said they counted votes that are misspelled if they are phonetic to Murkowski, claiming that Alaska [case law](/wiki/Case_law \"Case law\") including decisions of the Alaska Supreme Court supports this practice. The Alaska Department of Law asked the federal judge to dismiss the case because it is fundamentally concerned with a question of State law that can be decided in the State courts and suggested that Miller was forum shopping by taking an alleged violation of a State statute, and bootstrapping it into a violation of provision of the U.S. Constitution.\n\nOn November 15 the [Alaska Federation of Natives](/wiki/Alaska_Federation_of_Natives \"Alaska Federation of Natives\") asked to be included in the lawsuit, claiming [standing](/wiki/Standing_%28law%29 \"Standing (law)\") because if Miller received his requested relief, certain voters whom the AFN represents would be disenfranchised – namely members of the native population, non\\-native speakers of English, and people with disabilities that caused them to have shaky or poor handwriting. U.S. District judge [Ralph Beistline](/wiki/Ralph_Beistline \"Ralph Beistline\") rejected both AFN's and Murkowski's requests to intervene.\n\n",
"Write\\-in count completed\n-------------------------\n\nThe Miller campaign had observers present during the count who questioned the validity of over 8,000 ballots. By the end of the counting on November 17, the Division of Elections showed Murkowski having a lead of over 10,000 votes, with about 8,000 of those votes challenged by Miller. At that point, even if all the challenged ballots were thrown out, Murkowski would still lead by about 2,200 votes. Hoping to pick up additional votes, the Miller campaign demanded a hand recount of the entire election, claiming that because Murkowski's votes were all verified by visual inspection, Miller's should also have the same, individualized treatment. The Director of the Division of Elections replied that the State does not do recounts completely by hand; it uses optical scan equipment.\n\n",
"State court lawsuits\n--------------------\n\nAfter filing the federal lawsuit, Miller began a second legal action against Alaska election officials, this time, in State court, asking to inspect and count signatures of voters in more than 30 precincts. In support of the suit, Miller provided affidavits that cited, among other things, a ballot box that was not secured, and signatures that appeared similar. On November 16, the State election authorities agreed to provide Miller with the requested information. The Associated Press noted that similar signatures could be caused by voters requesting and receiving aid in filling out ballots, and that the affidavits suggesting fraud had been mostly by Miller supporters.\n\nShortly after, U.S. District Court Judge Beistline directed Miller to move his complaint to State court saying that the Alaska courts were in a better position than U.S. federal courts, to apply Alaska law to decide who won the election. But Beistline also said he would \"review any constitutional issues that may exist once the state remedies have been exhausted\". Miller then filed his second State case in Fairbanks where he lives, essentially repeating the allegations in his federal lawsuit Complaint, but adding new claims of vote fraud and bias. State attorneys succeeded in getting the case moved to the State capital in Juneau where the disputed ballots were being held and where the Alaska Division of Elections is located. The State also asked for an expedited ruling so that Alaska would not deprived of full representation in the upcoming Senate session.\n\nAfter briefs and oral arguments, Judge William Carey of the [Superior Court](/wiki/Alaska_Superior_Court \"Alaska Superior Court\") in [Juneau](/wiki/Juneau \"Juneau\") disagreed with Miller's arguments, saying that if the [Alaska Legislature](/wiki/Alaska_Legislature \"Alaska Legislature\") had intended that a candidate's name must be spelled perfectly to count, it would have written the law to say that. Carey also dismissed Miller's assertions of vote fraud and other irregularities as unfounded. Miller's campaign replied that Carey's ruling modifies State law, and renewed calls for a hand count of all the ballots cast in the election.\n\n### Appeal to the Supreme Court of Alaska\n\nOn December 13, Miller appealed the Alaska Superior Court decision of the prior week to the [Alaska Supreme Court](/wiki/Alaska_Supreme_Court \"Alaska Supreme Court\"). Miller's appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court on December 22, 2010\\.\n\n",
"### Appeal to the Supreme Court of Alaska\n\nOn December 13, Miller appealed the Alaska Superior Court decision of the prior week to the [Alaska Supreme Court](/wiki/Alaska_Supreme_Court \"Alaska Supreme Court\"). Miller's appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court on December 22, 2010\\.\n\n",
"Discussion of constitutional issues in the media\n------------------------------------------------\n\nWriting in [*Slate* magazine](/wiki/Slate_%28magazine%29 \"Slate (magazine)\"), election law analyst Richard L. Hasen said Miller's federal complaint involved issues that can arise in close elections, and noted the value of sticking to established rules so that election officials cannot manipulate the vote. However, he also noted that the question of whether the Alaska statute required perfect spelling was a matter of [statutory interpretation](/wiki/Statutory_interpretation \"Statutory interpretation\"), and that Alaska's Supreme Court has a long history of interpreting statutes in favor of the voters to avoid disenfranchisement based on technicalities. Hasen also noted that Miller's constitutional claims derive from a concurring opinion in the 2000 U.S. Supreme Court case, *[Bush v. Gore](/wiki/Bush_v._Gore \"Bush v. Gore\")*, and said that the Election Clause claim would fail \"because it would mean that election officials could never come up with regulations\". Hasen also believed the Equal Protection argument, which is based on inconsistent treatment of similar ballots by different election officials, would also fail because in *Bush v. Gore* different election officials in different counties reviewed the ballots, but in Alaska, only one person was judging all the contested ballots.\n\n",
"Continuation\n------------\n\nAfter these events, a lawsuit was filed by supporters of Miller arguing that the state violated the [Voting Rights Act](/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act \"Voting Rights Act\") by accepting misspellings on write\\-in ballots, using different counting methods for different types of candidates and by allowing voters to vote without showing identification. Alaska has taken the position that the lawsuit is moot and in any event beyond the statute of limitations. All of Miller's legal challenges eventually failed. The State of Alaska spent an estimated $100,000 defending itself from these suits, and pursued partial compensation from Miller, as well as proposing new voting rules regarding write\\-ins in order to prevent a recurrence.Epler, Patti [Former Senate Candidate Joe Miller's write\\-in lawsuit cost state 100K](https://www.adn.com/politics/article/alaska-former-senate-candidate-joe-millers-write-lawsuit-cost-state-100k/2011/01/26/) ''[Alaska Dispatch News](/wiki/Alaska_Dispatch_News \"Alaska Dispatch News\"), 1/25/2011\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Miller v. Treadwell \\- Alaska Supreme Court decision](https://web.archive.org/web/20101224053513/http://www.courts.alaska.gov/ops/sp-6532.pdf)\n\n[Category:2010 in United States case law](/wiki/Category:2010_in_United_States_case_law \"2010 in United States case law\")\n[Category:2010 Alaska elections](/wiki/Category:2010_Alaska_elections \"2010 Alaska elections\")\n[Category:Alaska state case law](/wiki/Category:Alaska_state_case_law \"Alaska state case law\")\n[Category:United States elections case law](/wiki/Category:United_States_elections_case_law \"United States elections case law\")\n[Category:United States District Court for the District of Alaska cases](/wiki/Category:United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Alaska_cases \"United States District Court for the District of Alaska cases\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Accession Day (Jammu and Kashmir)
|
{
"id": [
48598764
],
"name": [
"Martell SawnOFF"
]
}
|
nk2yf7hdg1bs21pvndbvr5r11t30xu5
|
2024-10-17T07:14:41Z
| 1,221,670,820 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Pakistani perspective",
"The problems with Pakistani Argument",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Accession Day** is a public [holiday](/wiki/Holiday \"Holiday\") in the Union Territory of [Jammu and Kashmir](/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_%28union_territory%29 \"Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\"), commemorating 26 October 1947, when [Maharaja Hari Singh](/wiki/Maharaja_Hari_Singh \"Maharaja Hari Singh\") signed off the [Instrument of Accession](/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_%28Jammu_and_Kashmir%29 \"Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)\"), in which [Jammu and Kashmir](/wiki/Kashmir_and_Jammu_%28princely_state%29 \"Kashmir and Jammu (princely state)\") joined the [Dominion of India](/wiki/Dominion_of_India \"Dominion of India\"). It became an official public holiday in [Jammu and Kashmir](/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_%28Union_Territory%29 \"Jammu and Kashmir (Union Territory)\") for the first time in 2020\\.\n\nThe festivities of the day include holding rallies, bursting of [firecrackers](/wiki/Firecrackers \"Firecrackers\"), singing [India's national anthem](/wiki/National_anthem_of_India \"National anthem of India\"), and raising the [flag of India](/wiki/Flag_of_India \"Flag of India\"). In some areas, the festivities are as big as those of the Hindu festival of [Diwali](/wiki/Diwali \"Diwali\").\n\n",
"Pakistani perspective\n---------------------\n\nThe \"Accession Day\" is observed as \"Black Day\" by Kashmiri seperatists like [Syed Ali Shah Geelani](/wiki/Syed_Ali_Shah_Geelani \"Syed Ali Shah Geelani\") and followers of [All Parties Hurriyat Conference](/wiki/All_Parties_Hurriyat_Conference \"All Parties Hurriyat Conference\") against Kashmir's accession to India. Geelani has been caught on a few occassions trying to disrupt public order due to his political motivations.\n\nHowever, the \"Black Day\" is mostly an extention of Pakistani politics on account of Pakistan's position against Kashmir's accession to India, a narrative that Pakistan's government frequently stresses on every October by releasing statements and hosting events on the \"Black Day\" which is projected as a \"global event\" but hosted at Pakistan's embassies the world over.\n\nProjecting the issue as an international problem has been met with criticism on account of the fact that the Kashmir dispute was declared a bilateral matter between India and Pakistan as part of the Simla agreement. \n\n### The problems with Pakistani Argument\n\nWhile Pakistan blames India as a belligerent actor in Kashmir, it did historically resort to use of tribal forces and proxy militants in Kashmir despite a standstill stance of Kashmir's Maharaja Hari Singh. Unilateral aggression by Pakistan became apparent prior to the conflict. Operation Gulmarg, as Pakistanis would call the invasion plan, was formulated and put into action on 20 August, 1947\\. The designs were further attributed to a threatening letter from Pakistan to Hari Singh dated 24 August which explicitly stated that, *“The time has come for Maharaja of Kashmir that he must take his choice and choose Pakistan. Should Kashmir fail to join Pakistan, the gravest possible trouble will inevitably ensue”*. On 4 September 1947, General Henry Lawrence Scott, commander of the Jammu and Kashmir State forces, complained about multiple covert incursions from Pakistan and asked the Maharaja’s government to raise this issue with Pakistan. On 12 September, Prime Minister of Pakistan [Liaquat Ali Khan](/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan \"Liaquat Ali Khan\") held a meeting with military and civilian officials where a go\\-ahead was given to two plans: raise a tribal force to attack Kashmir from the north and arm the rebels in Poonch. These actions cemented Kashmir's trajectory towards India which manifested in the signing of the accession document after which, with the permission of Kashmir's ruler, India resorted to military action to ward off hostile and invasive forces sent by Pakistan.\n\nPakistan views Kashmir's seperation from India from the lens of the Two Nations theory and refuses to accept Maharaja Hari Singh's move to accede the territory to India. Pakistan’s commitment and belief to the [UN resolution on Kashmir (1948\\)](/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_47 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 47\") is based on political rhetoric. Pakistan was not \"sincere\" in implementing the clauses of the UN resolution. Pakistan bases its argument on Clause III of the 1948 UN resolutions without concurrent reference to Clause II of the resolution. Pakistan’s reluctance to withdraw its troops and tribesmen led to a situation where implementation of the UN resolution was impossible. And the failure of such implementation has led to perception among Pakistan's political elites that Kashmir was invaded despite the fact that Kashmir faced a tribal invasion from the Pakistani side on October 22, 1947\\. \n\nThe problem was further compounded when Pakistan \"re\\-enacted\" the 1947 tribal invasion in 1965 and has been directly involved in instigating violence in the valley since 1989\\. The 1999 Kargil crisis is an extension of a similar strategy. Pakistan has adopted a dual strategy in Kashmir. It applies the option of a military offensive that increasingly relies on low intensity conflict now. The low intensity conflict relies on proxy militants and political groups that further try to portray seperatism as a just cause of \"Kashmiris\". \n\n",
"### The problems with Pakistani Argument\n\nWhile Pakistan blames India as a belligerent actor in Kashmir, it did historically resort to use of tribal forces and proxy militants in Kashmir despite a standstill stance of Kashmir's Maharaja Hari Singh. Unilateral aggression by Pakistan became apparent prior to the conflict. Operation Gulmarg, as Pakistanis would call the invasion plan, was formulated and put into action on 20 August, 1947\\. The designs were further attributed to a threatening letter from Pakistan to Hari Singh dated 24 August which explicitly stated that, *“The time has come for Maharaja of Kashmir that he must take his choice and choose Pakistan. Should Kashmir fail to join Pakistan, the gravest possible trouble will inevitably ensue”*. On 4 September 1947, General Henry Lawrence Scott, commander of the Jammu and Kashmir State forces, complained about multiple covert incursions from Pakistan and asked the Maharaja’s government to raise this issue with Pakistan. On 12 September, Prime Minister of Pakistan [Liaquat Ali Khan](/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan \"Liaquat Ali Khan\") held a meeting with military and civilian officials where a go\\-ahead was given to two plans: raise a tribal force to attack Kashmir from the north and arm the rebels in Poonch. These actions cemented Kashmir's trajectory towards India which manifested in the signing of the accession document after which, with the permission of Kashmir's ruler, India resorted to military action to ward off hostile and invasive forces sent by Pakistan.\n\nPakistan views Kashmir's seperation from India from the lens of the Two Nations theory and refuses to accept Maharaja Hari Singh's move to accede the territory to India. Pakistan’s commitment and belief to the [UN resolution on Kashmir (1948\\)](/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_47 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 47\") is based on political rhetoric. Pakistan was not \"sincere\" in implementing the clauses of the UN resolution. Pakistan bases its argument on Clause III of the 1948 UN resolutions without concurrent reference to Clause II of the resolution. Pakistan’s reluctance to withdraw its troops and tribesmen led to a situation where implementation of the UN resolution was impossible. And the failure of such implementation has led to perception among Pakistan's political elites that Kashmir was invaded despite the fact that Kashmir faced a tribal invasion from the Pakistani side on October 22, 1947\\. \n\nThe problem was further compounded when Pakistan \"re\\-enacted\" the 1947 tribal invasion in 1965 and has been directly involved in instigating violence in the valley since 1989\\. The 1999 Kargil crisis is an extension of a similar strategy. Pakistan has adopted a dual strategy in Kashmir. It applies the option of a military offensive that increasingly relies on low intensity conflict now. The low intensity conflict relies on proxy militants and political groups that further try to portray seperatism as a just cause of \"Kashmiris\". \n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Republic Day](/wiki/Republic_Day_%28India%29 \"Republic Day (India)\")\n* [Independence Day](/wiki/Independence_Day_%28India%29 \"Independence Day (India)\")\n* [Kashmir conflict](/wiki/Kashmir_conflict \"Kashmir conflict\")\n* [Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019](/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act%2C_2019 \"Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Public holidays in India](/wiki/Category:Public_holidays_in_India \"Public holidays in India\")\n[Category:Annual events in India](/wiki/Category:Annual_events_in_India \"Annual events in India\")\n[Category:October observances](/wiki/Category:October_observances \"October observances\")\n[Category:Festivals in Jammu and Kashmir](/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir \"Festivals in Jammu and Kashmir\")\n[Category:Indian state foundation days](/wiki/Category:Indian_state_foundation_days \"Indian state foundation days\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Lewis Chain
|
{
"id": [
39679749
],
"name": [
"The Space Enthusiast"
]
}
|
ok1m16q7nho5p6zfme2f77fegro7i2w
|
2023-07-01T16:33:26Z
| 1,085,206,832 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Lewis Chain** () is a chain of four rock [nunataks](/wiki/Nunatak \"Nunatak\") on the west side of [Gordon Glacier](/wiki/Gordon_Glacier \"Gordon Glacier\") in the [Shackleton Range](/wiki/Shackleton_Range \"Shackleton Range\") of Antarctica. It was first mapped by the [Commonwealth Trans\\-Antarctic Expedition](/wiki/Commonwealth_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition \"Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition\") (CTAE) in 1957, and was photographed by the [U.S. Navy](/wiki/U.S._Navy \"U.S. Navy\") (trimetrogon aerial photography) in 1967\\. The chain was named by the [UK Antarctic Place\\-Names Committee](/wiki/UK_Antarctic_Place-Names_Committee \"UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee\") for Squadron Leader [John H. Lewis](/wiki/John_H._Lewis_%28pilot%29 \"John H. Lewis (pilot)\"), [Royal Air Force](/wiki/Royal_Air_Force \"Royal Air Force\") (RAF), senior pilot of the RAF contingent of the CTAE, 1956–58\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Nunataks of Coats Land](/wiki/Category:Nunataks_of_Coats_Land \"Nunataks of Coats Land\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Dyson Heppell
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"103.99.44.14"
]
}
|
0ccj1rp94cr4vnhg0957n3swoiw234h
|
2024-10-18T13:09:36Z
| 1,251,851,681 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"AFL career",
"Statistics",
"Honours and achievements",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + - * + - * \n\n**Dyson Heppell** (born 14 May 1992\\) is an [Australian rules footballer](/wiki/Australian_rules_footballer \"Australian rules footballer\") who currently plays for the [Port Melbourne Football Club](/wiki/Port_Melbourne_Football_Club \"Port Melbourne Football Club\") in the [Victorian Football League](/wiki/Victorian_Football_League \"Victorian Football League\") (VFL).\nHe previously played professionally with [Essendon Football Club](/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club \"Essendon Football Club\") in the [Australian Football League](/wiki/Australian_Football_League \"Australian Football League\") (AFL). Heppell won the [AFL Rising Star](/wiki/AFL_Rising_Star \"AFL Rising Star\") award in his first season in 2011, and won a [Crichton Medal](/wiki/Crichton_Medal \"Crichton Medal\") and [All\\-Australian](/wiki/All-Australian_team \"All-Australian team\") selection in 2014\\. He served as [Essendon captain](/wiki/List_of_Essendon_Football_Club_captains \"List of Essendon Football Club captains\") from the 2017 season, and relinquished the captaincy before the 2023 season proper having led the side 107 times.\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nHeppell participated in the [Auskick](/wiki/Auskick \"Auskick\") program at Leongatha.AFL Record. Round 13, 2022\\. pg 52 He began playing football with [Leongatha Football Club](/wiki/Leongatha_Football_Club \"Leongatha Football Club\"), and played for [Gippsland Power](/wiki/Gippsland_Power \"Gippsland Power\") in the [TAC Cup](/wiki/TAC_Cup \"TAC Cup\") for the 2009 and 2010 seasons. Named as Gippsland's captain for the 2010 season, Heppell also played for the Victorian Country side at the [2010 AFL Under 18 Championships](/wiki/2010_AFL_Under_18_Championships \"2010 AFL Under 18 Championships\"), where he was named in the All\\-Australian team. At 189 cm, he played as a \"line\\-breaking defender\" for the first half of the 2010 season, before moving into the midfield for the second half of the season.\n\nHeppell finished strongly in the [Morrish Medal](/wiki/Morrish_Medal \"Morrish Medal\") count, which is awarded to the [best and fairest](/wiki/Best_and_fairest \"Best and fairest\") player in the TAC Cup regular season, eventually tying for the award with Jackson Sketcher of the [Sandringham Dragons](/wiki/Sandringham_Dragons \"Sandringham Dragons\"), after achieving the maximum votes possible from rounds 13 to 17\\. Despite finishing the regular season in sixth place on the ladder, both Gippsland and Heppell had a good finals series. He accumulated 36 disposals in an elimination final victory and was named best on ground in the preliminary final win to qualify for the TAC Cup Grand Final. In a stark contrast to the rest of his season, Heppell had a relatively poor game in the grand final, gathering only 20 touches, as the Power were outclassed by the [Calder Cannons](/wiki/Calder_Cannons \"Calder Cannons\") by 56 points.\n\n",
"AFL career\n----------\n\n[175px\\|thumb\\|left\\|Heppell kicking for goal in 2015](/wiki/File:Dyson_Heppell_goal.jpg \"Dyson Heppell goal.jpg\")\nDespite his performance in the grand final, Heppell was an impressive performer at the AFL draft camp, and was touted by many as being a potential top five draft pick in the [2010 national draft](/wiki/2010_AFL_draft \"2010 AFL draft\"), with some even claiming he could go as high as top three. Most speculation suggested that the [Brisbane Lions](/wiki/Brisbane_Lions \"Brisbane Lions\") would select Heppell with pick five, who with his \"silky\" skills and raking left foot, modelled his style on the Lions' own [Josh Drummond](/wiki/Josh_Drummond \"Josh Drummond\").\n\nIn the week before the draft, however, a rumour, which Heppell denied, began circulating that he was suffering from groin problems. Due to this, [Essendon](/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club \"Essendon Football Club\"), which had the eighth selection, became interested that he might fall to their pick, and Heppell spoke to newly appointed coach, [James Hird](/wiki/James_Hird \"James Hird\"), days before the draft. Hird, who said he had been interested in Heppell for months, believed that Heppell would be selected well before Essendon had the chance to draft him, but when Heppell did slide back due to the groin concerns, Essendon selected him ahead of midfielders [Dion Prestia](/wiki/Dion_Prestia \"Dion Prestia\") and [Shaun Atley](/wiki/Shaun_Atley \"Shaun Atley\"). Heppell, who supported the Bombers as a child and had \"idolised\" Hird while growing up, said that getting drafted by Essendon was \"like a dream\".\n\nHeppell received the first [Rising Star](/wiki/AFL_Rising_Star \"AFL Rising Star\") nomination for 2011 after recording 20 possessions in his debut AFL match, against the [Western Bulldogs](/wiki/Western_Bulldogs \"Western Bulldogs\") in round 1\\. In his first season, he played every match of the home and away season and was described as a major contributor in helping Essendon make the finals. Throughout the year, and leading into the vote count, Heppell was widely considered to be the favourite for the [Ron Evans Medal](/wiki/AFL_Rising_Star \"AFL Rising Star\"), awarded to the rising star of each season. He won the medal, polling 44 of a possible 45 votes and became the first Essendon player to win the award. Heppell described winning the award as \"a dream come true\".\n\nHe continued his ascent as an emerging star by finishing third in the clubs best and fairest award count, Essendon's best and fairest award; his second consecutive top\\-three placing. Having played his first two seasons largely off half\\-back, Heppell moved into a ball\\-winning role in the midfield in [2013](/wiki/2013_AFL_season \"2013 AFL season\"), averaging 24 disposals for the season. He polled three [Brownlow Medal](/wiki/Brownlow_Medal \"Brownlow Medal\") votes for his 36\\-possession and two\\-goal effort against [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne_Football_Club \"Melbourne Football Club\") in round 2 and was in the best players for the comeback win over [Carlton](/wiki/Carlton_Football_Club \"Carlton Football Club\") in round 11\\.\n\nHeppell continued his upward climb throughout the [2014 season](/wiki/2014_AFL_season \"2014 AFL season\"), winning his maiden [Crichton Medal](/wiki/Crichton_Medal \"Crichton Medal\"), receiving his first selection in the [All\\-Australian team](/wiki/All-Australian_team \"All-Australian team\"), and polled 14 votes in the [2014 Brownlow Medal](/wiki/2014_Brownlow_Medal \"2014 Brownlow Medal\").\n\nHeppell, along with 33 other Essendon players, whilst not returning a positive test was found guilty of using a banned performance\\-enhancing substance, [thymosin beta\\-4](/wiki/Thymosin_beta-4 \"Thymosin beta-4\"), as part of [Essendon's sports supplements program](/wiki/Essendon_Football_Club_supplements_saga \"Essendon Football Club supplements saga\") during the 2012 season. He and his team\\-mates were initially found not guilty in March 2015 by the AFL Anti\\-Doping Tribunal, but a guilty verdict was returned in January 2016 after an appeal by the [World Anti\\-Doping Agency](/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency \"World Anti-Doping Agency\"). He was suspended for two years which, with backdating, ended in November 2016; as a result, he served approximately fourteen months of his suspension and missed the entire [2016 AFL season](/wiki/2016_AFL_season \"2016 AFL season\").\n\nIn February 2017, Heppell was announced as Essendon's new [captain](/wiki/List_of_Essendon_Football_Club_captains \"List of Essendon Football Club captains\"), taking over from [Brendon Goddard](/wiki/Brendon_Goddard \"Brendon Goddard\"). In December 2019, he signed a two\\-year contract extension with Essendon, keeping him at the club until 2022\\. He re\\-signed for 2023 but stepped down as captain after six seasons in the role.\n\nOn 13 August 2024, Heppell announced that he would retire at the conclusion of the [2024 AFL season](/wiki/2024_AFL_season \"2024 AFL season\"). Heppell played a farewell game in the Bombers' final game of the season, against the [Brisbane Lions](/wiki/Brisbane_Lions \"Brisbane Lions\") at [The Gabba](/wiki/The_Gabba \"The Gabba\").\n\n",
"Statistics\n----------\n\n*Statistics sourced from AFL Tables*.\n\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2011](/wiki/2011_AFL_season \"2011 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 23 \\|\\| 3 \\|\\| 4 \\|\\| 262 \\|\\| 231 \\|\\| 493 \\|\\| 132 \\|\\| 63 \\|\\| 0\\.1 \\|\\| 0\\.2 \\|\\| 11\\.4 \\|\\| 10\\.0 \\|\\| 21\\.4 \\|\\| 5\\.7 \\|\\| 2\\.7 \\|\\| 4\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2012](/wiki/2012_AFL_season \"2012 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 20 \\|\\| 3 \\|\\| 3 \\|\\| 250 \\|\\| 180 \\|\\| 430 \\|\\| 113 \\|\\| 59 \\|\\| 0\\.2 \\|\\| 0\\.2 \\|\\| 12\\.5 \\|\\| 9\\.0 \\|\\| 21\\.5 \\|\\| 5\\.6 \\|\\| 3\\.0 \\|\\| 3\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2013](/wiki/2013_AFL_season \"2013 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 19 \\|\\| 8 \\|\\| 11 \\|\\| 269 \\|\\| 192 \\|\\| 461 \\|\\| 88 \\|\\| 74 \\|\\| 0\\.4 \\|\\| 0\\.6 \\|\\| 14\\.2 \\|\\| 10\\.1 \\|\\| 24\\.3 \\|\\| 4\\.6 \\|\\| 3\\.9 \\|\\| 10\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2014](/wiki/2014_AFL_season \"2014 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 22 \\|\\| 6 \\|\\| 6 \\|\\| 332 \\|\\| 294 \\|\\| 626 \\|\\| 116 \\|\\| 99 \\|\\| 0\\.3 \\|\\| 0\\.3 \\|\\| 15\\.1 \\|\\| 13\\.4 \\|\\| 28\\.4 \\|\\| 5\\.3 \\|\\| 4\\.5 \\|\\| 14\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2015](/wiki/2015_AFL_season \"2015 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 22 \\|\\| 13 \\|\\| 8 \\|\\| 304 \\|\\| 262 \\|\\| 566 \\|\\| 87 \\|\\| 105 \\|\\| 0\\.6 \\|\\| 0\\.4 \\|\\| 13\\.8 \\|\\| 11\\.9 \\|\\| 25\\.7 \\|\\| 4\\.0 \\|\\| 4\\.8 \\|\\| 10\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2016](/wiki/2016_AFL_season \"2016 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 0 \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| — \\|\\| 0\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2017](/wiki/2017_AFL_season \"2017 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 23 \\|\\| 12 \\|\\| 8 \\|\\| 314 \\|\\| 292 \\|\\| 606 \\|\\| 118 \\|\\| 96 \\|\\| 0\\.5 \\|\\| 0\\.3 \\|\\| 13\\.7 \\|\\| 12\\.7 \\|\\| 26\\.3 \\|\\| 5\\.1 \\|\\| 4\\.2 \\|\\| 14\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2018](/wiki/2018_AFL_season \"2018 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 22 \\|\\| 10 \\|\\| 4 \\|\\| 327 \\|\\| 263 \\|\\| 590 \\|\\| 122 \\|\\| 87 \\|\\| 0\\.5 \\|\\| 0\\.2 \\|\\| 14\\.9 \\|\\| 12\\.0 \\|\\| 26\\.8 \\|\\| 5\\.5 \\|\\| 4\\.0 \\|\\| 13\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2019](/wiki/2019_AFL_season \"2019 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 18 \\|\\| 4 \\|\\| 5 \\|\\| 230 \\|\\| 243 \\|\\| 473 \\|\\| 98 \\|\\| 52 \\|\\| 0\\.2 \\|\\| 0\\.3 \\|\\| 12\\.8 \\|\\| 13\\.5 \\|\\| 26\\.3 \\|\\| 5\\.4 \\|\\| 2\\.9 \\|\\| 3\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2020](/wiki/2020_AFL_season \"2020 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 3 \\|\\| 1 \\|\\| 1 \\|\\| 15 \\|\\| 25 \\|\\| 40 \\|\\| 4 \\|\\| 3 \\|\\| 0\\.3 \\|\\| 0\\.3 \\|\\| 5\\.0 \\|\\| 8\\.3 \\|\\| 13\\.3 \\|\\| 1\\.3 \\|\\| 1\\.0 \\|\\| 0\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2021](/wiki/2021_AFL_season \"2021 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 19 \\|\\| 2 \\|\\| 1 \\|\\| 276 \\|\\| 194 \\|\\| 470 \\|\\| 132 \\|\\| 47 \\|\\| 0\\.1 \\|\\| 0\\.1 \\|\\| 14\\.5 \\|\\| 10\\.2 \\|\\| 24\\.7 \\|\\| 7\\.0 \\|\\| 2\\.5 \\|\\| 0\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2022](/wiki/2022_AFL_season \"2022 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 22 \\|\\| 4 \\|\\| 2 \\|\\| 259 \\|\\| 224 \\|\\| 483 \\|\\| 145 \\|\\| 41 \\|\\| 0\\.2 \\|\\| 0\\.1 \\|\\| 11\\.8 \\|\\| 10\\.2 \\|\\| 22\\.0 \\|\\| 6\\.6 \\|\\| 1\\.9 \\|\\| 0\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2023](/wiki/2023_AFL_season \"2023 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 22 \\|\\| 1 \\|\\| 0 \\|\\| 253 \\|\\| 190 \\|\\| 443 \\|\\| 156 \\|\\| 50 \\|\\| 0\\.0 \\|\\| 0\\.0 \\|\\| 11\\.5 \\|\\| 8\\.6 \\|\\| 20\\.1 \\|\\| 7\\.1 \\|\\| 2\\.3 \\|\\| 0\n\\|\\-\n\\| [2024](/wiki/2024_AFL_season \"2024 AFL season\") \\|\\| \\|\\| 21\n\\| 18 \\|\\| 1 \\|\\| 0 \\|\\| 195 \\|\\| 188 \\|\\| 383 \\|\\| 102 \\|\\| 29 \\|\\| 0\\.1 \\|\\| 0\\.0 \\|\\| 10\\.8 \\|\\| 10\\.4 \\|\\| 21\\.3 \\|\\| 5\\.7 \\|\\| 1\\.6 \\|\\| 0\n\\|\\- class\\=sortbottom\n! colspan\\=3 \\| Career\n! 253 !! 68 !! 53 !! 3286 !! 2778 !! 6064 !! 1413 !! 805 !! 0\\.3 !! 0\\.2 !! 13\\.0 !! 11\\.0 !! 24\\.0 !! 5\\.6 !! 3\\.2 !! 71\n\\|}\n\n**Notes**\n\n",
"Honours and achievements\n------------------------\n\n**Individual**\n* **[Essendon captain](/wiki/List_of_Essendon_Football_Club_captains \"List of Essendon Football Club captains\")**: 2017–2022\n* **[All\\-Australian team](/wiki/All-Australian_team \"All-Australian team\")**: [2014](/wiki/2014_All-Australian_team \"2014 All-Australian team\")\n* **[Crichton Medal](/wiki/Crichton_Medal \"Crichton Medal\")**: 2014\n* **[Ron Evans Medal](/wiki/AFL_Rising_Star \"AFL Rising Star\")**: [2011](/wiki/2011_AFL_Rising_Star \"2011 AFL Rising Star\")\n* **[Australia representative honours](/wiki/Australia_international_rules_football_team \"Australia international rules football team\") in [international rules football](/wiki/International_rules_football \"International rules football\")**: [2015](/wiki/2015_International_Rules_Series \"2015 International Rules Series\")\n* **[AFLPA best first\\-year player](/wiki/AFL_Players_Association_awards%23Best_First-Year_Player \"AFL Players Association awards#Best First-Year Player\")**: 2011\n* **[AFLCA best young player of the year](/wiki/AFL_Coaches_Association_Awards%23Best_Young_Player_of_the_Year_Award \"AFL Coaches Association Awards#Best Young Player of the Year Award\")**: 2012\n* **3× [22under22 team](/wiki/22_Under_22_team \"22 Under 22 team\")**: 2012, 2013 (c), 2014 (c)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Essendon Football Club players](/wiki/Category:Essendon_Football_Club_players \"Essendon Football Club players\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:1992 births](/wiki/Category:1992_births \"1992 births\")\n[Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)](/wiki/Category:Australian_rules_footballers_from_Victoria_%28state%29 \"Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)\")\n[Category:Gippsland Power players](/wiki/Category:Gippsland_Power_players \"Gippsland Power players\")\n[Category:Leongatha Football Club players](/wiki/Category:Leongatha_Football_Club_players \"Leongatha Football Club players\")\n[Category:AFL Rising Star winners](/wiki/Category:AFL_Rising_Star_winners \"AFL Rising Star winners\")\n[Category:All\\-Australians (AFL)](/wiki/Category:All-Australians_%28AFL%29 \"All-Australians (AFL)\")\n[Category:Crichton Medal winners](/wiki/Category:Crichton_Medal_winners \"Crichton Medal winners\")\n[Category:Doping cases in Australian rules football](/wiki/Category:Doping_cases_in_Australian_rules_football \"Doping cases in Australian rules football\")\n[Category:People from Leongatha](/wiki/Category:People_from_Leongatha \"People from Leongatha\")\n[Category:Australia international rules football team players](/wiki/Category:Australia_international_rules_football_team_players \"Australia international rules football team players\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Skylark Airpark
|
{
"id": [
20490923
],
"name": [
"AirportExpert"
]
}
|
bm7qbsrynrfz843sq4pfekjgxw7qyos
|
2024-07-11T17:09:45Z
| 1,213,566,612 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Facilities and Aircraft",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Skylark Airport** is located in [Warehouse Point](/wiki/Warehouse_Point%2C_Connecticut \"Warehouse Point, Connecticut\"), [Connecticut](/wiki/Connecticut \"Connecticut\"), [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\").\n\n",
"Facilities and Aircraft\n-----------------------\n\nSkylark Airport is situated two miles east of the [central business district](/wiki/Central_business_district \"Central business district\"), and contains one runway. The [runway](/wiki/Runway \"Runway\"), 10/28, is Asphalt measuring .\n\nFor the 12\\-month period ending April 30, 2008, the airport had 16,190 aircraft operations, an average of 46 per day: 93% local general aviation, 6% transient general aviation, \\<1% air taxi, and \\<1% military. At that time there were 71 aircraft based at this airport: 99% single\\-engine and 1% multi engine.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of airports in Connecticut](/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Connecticut \"List of airports in Connecticut\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Airports in Hartford County, Connecticut](/wiki/Category:Airports_in_Hartford_County%2C_Connecticut \"Airports in Hartford County, Connecticut\")\n[Category:East Windsor, Connecticut](/wiki/Category:East_Windsor%2C_Connecticut \"East Windsor, Connecticut\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Luo Jin
|
{
"id": [
41051808
],
"name": [
"SamuelLovesFilms"
]
}
|
34ivuaeubuqla14n8bwnq6wzxn58k1r
|
2024-06-22T07:40:00Z
| 1,228,205,602 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and career",
"Personal life",
"Filmography",
"Film",
"Television series",
"Discography",
"Singles",
"Awards and nominations",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Luo Jin** (, born November 30, 1981\\) is a [Chinese](/wiki/Chinese_people \"Chinese people\") actor and singer. He graduated from [Beijing Film Academy](/wiki/Beijing_Film_Academy \"Beijing Film Academy\") in 2006\\.\n\n",
"Early life and career\n---------------------\n\nLuo was born on November 30, 1981, in [Tonggu County](/wiki/Tonggu_County \"Tonggu County\"), [Yichun](/wiki/Yichun%2C_Jiangxi \"Yichun, Jiangxi\"), [Jiangxi](/wiki/Jiangxi \"Jiangxi\"). He made his acting debut in the 2003 drama *The Showroom Tales*. In 2007, Luo starred in the film *[Fujian Blue](/wiki/Fujian_Blue \"Fujian Blue\")* (2007\\) which won the [Dragons and Tigers Award](/wiki/Dragons_and_Tigers_Award \"Dragons and Tigers Award\") and the 2007 [Vancouver International Film Festival](/wiki/Vancouver_International_Film_Festival \"Vancouver International Film Festival\").\n\n2010 was considered Luo's breakout year. He first gained attention for his portrayal of [Emperor Xian of Han](/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han \"Emperor Xian of Han\") in the acclaimed historical drama *[Three Kingdoms](/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_%28TV_series%29 \"Three Kingdoms (TV series)\")* (2010\\), directed by [Gao Xixi](/wiki/Gao_Xixi \"Gao Xixi\"). Thereafter, his popularity increased after starring in palace drama *[Beauty's Rival in Palace](/wiki/Beauty%27s_Rival_in_Palace \"Beauty's Rival in Palace\")* (2010\\), where he played a Han\\-dynasty Emperor who sacrificed himself for love. The same year, he starred in the Mexican\\-Spanish film *[Biutiful](/wiki/Biutiful \"Biutiful\")*, portraying a gay couple with [Javier Bardem](/wiki/Javier_Bardem \"Javier Bardem\").\nThe film was invited to the [Cannes Film Festival](/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival \"Cannes Film Festival\").\n\nThis was followed up with starring roles in dramas such as war drama *Far Away the Eagle* (2011\\), historical dramas *Mui Guiying Takes Command* (2012\\), and *Beauties of the Emperor* (2012\\), and spy drama *Agent X* (2013\\); which showcased his acting versatility and helped raise his recognition in China. In 2014, he won the Most Popular Actor award at the China Student Television Festival for his performance in the war drama *Ten Rides of Red Army*.\n\nLuo successfully broke into the mainstream with his performance in the television series *[Diamond Lover](/wiki/Diamond_Lover \"Diamond Lover\")* (2015\\) and *[The Princess Weiyoung](/wiki/The_Princess_Weiyoung \"The Princess Weiyoung\")* (2016\\), both co\\-starring [Tiffany Tang](/wiki/Tiffany_Tang \"Tiffany Tang\"). Luo also has supporting roles in the biopic film *[Xuan Zang](/wiki/Xuanzang_%28film%29 \"Xuanzang (film)\")* (2016\\) and fantasy romance film *[Once Upon a Time](/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_%282017_Chinese_film%29 \"Once Upon a Time (2017 Chinese film)\")* (2017\\); which led to him winning the Most Anticipated Actor at the Weibo Movie Awards Ceremony.\n\nFollowing a two\\-year hiatus, Luo made his small screen comeback in 2017 with crime drama *Love's Lies*, followed by romance dramas *[The Way We Were](/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_%282017_TV_series%29 \"The Way We Were (2017 TV series)\")* and *[My Story for You](/wiki/My_Story_for_You \"My Story for You\")*.\n\nIn 2019, Luo starred in the workplace drama *Behind The Scenes* as a television producer; and played the role of [Yang Jian](/wiki/Erlang_Shen \"Erlang Shen\") in fantasy drama *[The Gods](/wiki/The_Gods_%28TV_series%29 \"The Gods (TV series)\")*. The same year, Luo starred in the historical political drama *[Royal Nirvana](/wiki/Royal_Nirvana \"Royal Nirvana\")*. \nLuo ranked 48th on *[Forbes](/wiki/Forbes \"Forbes\")* [China Celebrity 100](/wiki/Forbes_China_Celebrity_100 \"Forbes China Celebrity 100\") list.\n\nIn 2020, Luo starred in the workplace slice\\-of\\-life drama *[I Will Find You a Better Home](/wiki/I_Will_Find_You_a_Better_Home \"I Will Find You a Better Home\")* as a genius analyst who became a manager of a real estate office. He ranked 50th on *[Forbes](/wiki/Forbes \"Forbes\")* [China Celebrity 100](/wiki/Forbes_China_Celebrity_100 \"Forbes China Celebrity 100\") list.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nOn 6 December 2016, Luo confirmed his relationship with actress [Tiffany Tang](/wiki/Tiffany_Tang \"Tiffany Tang\"). In October 2018, Luo and Tang were married in [Vienna](/wiki/Vienna \"Vienna\"), Austria. In September 2019, they announced that they were expecting their first child together. In December 2019 she had given birth to a baby girl.\n\n",
"Filmography\n-----------\n\n### Film\n\n| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2007 | *[Fujian Blue](/wiki/Fujian_Blue \"Fujian Blue\")* | 金碧辉煌 | A Long | |\n|2010\n\n *[Biutiful](/wiki/Biutiful \"Biutiful\")* |\n 美错 |\n Li Wei |\n |\n| *River on Air* | 不可复制的恋人 | Lu Yang | |\n| *Good Morning My Love* | 早安我的爱 | Wang Hai | |\n| 2016 | *[Xuan Zang](/wiki/Xuanzang_%28film%29 \"Xuanzang (film)\")* | 大唐玄奘 | Li Chang | |\n|2017\n\n *[Once Upon a Time](/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_%282017_Chinese_film%29 \"Once Upon a Time (2017 Chinese film)\")* |\n 三生三世十里桃花 |\n Zhe Yan |\n |\n| *Ash* | 追·踪 | Wang Dong | |\n| 2021 | *Endless Summer* | 八月未央 | Zhao Yan | |\n|\n\n### Television series\n\n| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2003 | *The Showroom Tales* | 售楼处的故事 | A Xing | |\n| 2008 | *The Eyes of War* | 战争目光 | Yuan Gao | |\n| *Dream Heaven* | 梦幻天堂 | Chen Zibu | |\n| *Forever Justice* | 正义永恒 | Yu Min | |\n| *Beautiful Southern* | 美丽的南方 | Chen Qiming | |\n| 2010 *[Beauty's Rival in Palace](/wiki/Beauty%27s_Rival_in_Palace \"Beauty's Rival in Palace\")* | 美人心计 | [Emperor Hui](/wiki/Emperor_Hui_of_Han \"Emperor Hui of Han\") / Lord Douchang | |\n| *[Three Kingdoms](/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_%28TV_series%29 \"Three Kingdoms (TV series)\")* | 三国 | [Emperor Xian](/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han \"Emperor Xian of Han\") | |\n| 2011 | *Marriage Code* | 婚姻密码 | Wang Yi | |\n| *A Cheng* | 阿诚 | A Cheng | |\n| *Far Away the Eagle* | 远去的飞鹰 | Wu Haiwen | |\n| *[Beauty World](/wiki/Beauty_World_%28TV_series%29 \"Beauty World (TV series)\")* | 唐宫美人天下 | Ji Dapeng | |\n| *Hidden Intention* | 被遗弃的秘密 | Zhou Tianqi | |\n| 2012 | *Mu Guiying Takes Command* | 穆桂英挂帅 | Yang Zongbao | |\n| *Little Cabbage Unique Case* | 小白菜奇案 | Lin Gongshu | |\n| *Beauties of the Emperor* | 王的女人 | Hai Tian | |\n| *A Beauty in Troubled Times* | 乱世佳人 | Chong Yang | |\n| 2013 | *Agent X* | X女特工 | He Junfeng | |\n| *[Weaning](/wiki/Weaning_%28TV_series%29 \"Weaning (TV series)\")* | 断奶 | Wu Zhonglin | |\n| *Love's Discussion* | 爱的相对论 | Yuan Ye | |\n| 2014 | *Lend me Your Hands* | 错放你的手 | Yuan Kun | |\n| *Me and My Amazing Grandma* | 我和我的传奇奶奶 | Gou Wa | |\n| *Good Wife 101* | 幸福36计 | Tong Xiaoqi | |\n| *10 Rides of Red Army* | 十送红军 | Gao Fuxing | |\n| *Cosmetology High* | 美人制造 | Di Jiang | |\n| 2015 | *My Three Fathers* | 爸爸父亲爹 | Ning Wuyuan | |\n| *[Diamond Lover](/wiki/Diamond_Lover \"Diamond Lover\")* | 克拉恋人 | Lei Yiming | |\n| *Robber* | 枪侠 | Tang Yumian | |\n| *Narrow Road* | 狭路 | Ma Long | |\n| 2016 | *Six Doors* | 六扇门 | Sun Xin | Special appearance |\n| *[The Princess Weiyoung](/wiki/The_Princess_Weiyoung \"The Princess Weiyoung\")* | 锦绣未央 | [Tuoba Jun](/wiki/Emperor_Wencheng_of_Northern_Wei \"Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei\") | |\n| 2018 | *Love's Lies* | 真爱的谎言之破冰者 | Jin Yuan | |\n| *[The Way We Were](/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_%282018_TV_series%29 \"The Way We Were (2018 TV series)\")* | 归去来 | Shu Che | |\n| *[My Story for You](/wiki/My_Story_for_You \"My Story for You\")* | 为了你，我愿意热爱整个世界 | Zhang Changgong | |\n| 2019 *Behind The Scenes* | 幕后之王 | Chun Yuqiao | |\n| *[The Gods](/wiki/The_Gods_%28TV_series%29 \"The Gods (TV series)\")* | 封神 | Yang Jian | |\n| *[Royal Nirvana](/wiki/Royal_Nirvana \"Royal Nirvana\")* | 鹤唳华亭 | Xiao Dingquan | |\n| 2020 | *[I Will Find You a Better Home](/wiki/I_Will_Find_You_a_Better_Home \"I Will Find You a Better Home\")* | 安家 | Xu Wenchang | |\n| 2021 *A Land So Rich in Beauty* | | Pu Quansheng | |\n| *Ebola Fighters* | | Zheng Shupeng | |\n| 2022 *The Story of Xing Fu* | | Guan Tao | |\n| *Out of Court* | | Qiao Shaoting | |\n| *[Tianxia Changhe](/wiki/Tianxia_Changhe \"Tianxia Changhe\")* | | [Kangxi Emperor](/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor \"Kangxi Emperor\") | |\n\n",
"### Film\n\n| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2007 | *[Fujian Blue](/wiki/Fujian_Blue \"Fujian Blue\")* | 金碧辉煌 | A Long | |\n|2010\n\n *[Biutiful](/wiki/Biutiful \"Biutiful\")* |\n 美错 |\n Li Wei |\n |\n| *River on Air* | 不可复制的恋人 | Lu Yang | |\n| *Good Morning My Love* | 早安我的爱 | Wang Hai | |\n| 2016 | *[Xuan Zang](/wiki/Xuanzang_%28film%29 \"Xuanzang (film)\")* | 大唐玄奘 | Li Chang | |\n|2017\n\n *[Once Upon a Time](/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_%282017_Chinese_film%29 \"Once Upon a Time (2017 Chinese film)\")* |\n 三生三世十里桃花 |\n Zhe Yan |\n |\n| *Ash* | 追·踪 | Wang Dong | |\n| 2021 | *Endless Summer* | 八月未央 | Zhao Yan | |\n|\n\n",
"### Television series\n\n| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2003 | *The Showroom Tales* | 售楼处的故事 | A Xing | |\n| 2008 | *The Eyes of War* | 战争目光 | Yuan Gao | |\n| *Dream Heaven* | 梦幻天堂 | Chen Zibu | |\n| *Forever Justice* | 正义永恒 | Yu Min | |\n| *Beautiful Southern* | 美丽的南方 | Chen Qiming | |\n| 2010 *[Beauty's Rival in Palace](/wiki/Beauty%27s_Rival_in_Palace \"Beauty's Rival in Palace\")* | 美人心计 | [Emperor Hui](/wiki/Emperor_Hui_of_Han \"Emperor Hui of Han\") / Lord Douchang | |\n| *[Three Kingdoms](/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_%28TV_series%29 \"Three Kingdoms (TV series)\")* | 三国 | [Emperor Xian](/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han \"Emperor Xian of Han\") | |\n| 2011 | *Marriage Code* | 婚姻密码 | Wang Yi | |\n| *A Cheng* | 阿诚 | A Cheng | |\n| *Far Away the Eagle* | 远去的飞鹰 | Wu Haiwen | |\n| *[Beauty World](/wiki/Beauty_World_%28TV_series%29 \"Beauty World (TV series)\")* | 唐宫美人天下 | Ji Dapeng | |\n| *Hidden Intention* | 被遗弃的秘密 | Zhou Tianqi | |\n| 2012 | *Mu Guiying Takes Command* | 穆桂英挂帅 | Yang Zongbao | |\n| *Little Cabbage Unique Case* | 小白菜奇案 | Lin Gongshu | |\n| *Beauties of the Emperor* | 王的女人 | Hai Tian | |\n| *A Beauty in Troubled Times* | 乱世佳人 | Chong Yang | |\n| 2013 | *Agent X* | X女特工 | He Junfeng | |\n| *[Weaning](/wiki/Weaning_%28TV_series%29 \"Weaning (TV series)\")* | 断奶 | Wu Zhonglin | |\n| *Love's Discussion* | 爱的相对论 | Yuan Ye | |\n| 2014 | *Lend me Your Hands* | 错放你的手 | Yuan Kun | |\n| *Me and My Amazing Grandma* | 我和我的传奇奶奶 | Gou Wa | |\n| *Good Wife 101* | 幸福36计 | Tong Xiaoqi | |\n| *10 Rides of Red Army* | 十送红军 | Gao Fuxing | |\n| *Cosmetology High* | 美人制造 | Di Jiang | |\n| 2015 | *My Three Fathers* | 爸爸父亲爹 | Ning Wuyuan | |\n| *[Diamond Lover](/wiki/Diamond_Lover \"Diamond Lover\")* | 克拉恋人 | Lei Yiming | |\n| *Robber* | 枪侠 | Tang Yumian | |\n| *Narrow Road* | 狭路 | Ma Long | |\n| 2016 | *Six Doors* | 六扇门 | Sun Xin | Special appearance |\n| *[The Princess Weiyoung](/wiki/The_Princess_Weiyoung \"The Princess Weiyoung\")* | 锦绣未央 | [Tuoba Jun](/wiki/Emperor_Wencheng_of_Northern_Wei \"Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei\") | |\n| 2018 | *Love's Lies* | 真爱的谎言之破冰者 | Jin Yuan | |\n| *[The Way We Were](/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_%282018_TV_series%29 \"The Way We Were (2018 TV series)\")* | 归去来 | Shu Che | |\n| *[My Story for You](/wiki/My_Story_for_You \"My Story for You\")* | 为了你，我愿意热爱整个世界 | Zhang Changgong | |\n| 2019 *Behind The Scenes* | 幕后之王 | Chun Yuqiao | |\n| *[The Gods](/wiki/The_Gods_%28TV_series%29 \"The Gods (TV series)\")* | 封神 | Yang Jian | |\n| *[Royal Nirvana](/wiki/Royal_Nirvana \"Royal Nirvana\")* | 鹤唳华亭 | Xiao Dingquan | |\n| 2020 | *[I Will Find You a Better Home](/wiki/I_Will_Find_You_a_Better_Home \"I Will Find You a Better Home\")* | 安家 | Xu Wenchang | |\n| 2021 *A Land So Rich in Beauty* | | Pu Quansheng | |\n| *Ebola Fighters* | | Zheng Shupeng | |\n| 2022 *The Story of Xing Fu* | | Guan Tao | |\n| *Out of Court* | | Qiao Shaoting | |\n| *[Tianxia Changhe](/wiki/Tianxia_Changhe \"Tianxia Changhe\")* | | [Kangxi Emperor](/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor \"Kangxi Emperor\") | |\n\n",
"Discography\n-----------\n\n### Singles\n\n| Year | English title | Chinese title | Album | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2011 | \"This Season\" | 这个冬季 | | |\n| 2012 | \"Using a Lifetime to Reminisce\" | 用一生回憶 | *A Beauty in Troubled Times OST* | with [Tiffany Tang](/wiki/Tiffany_Tang \"Tiffany Tang\") |\n| \"Love Won't Regret\" | 爱不后悔 | |\n| 2013 | \"Separation\" | 离合 | *Agent X OST* | |\n| 2014 | \"Another Half\" | 另一半 | *Good Wife 101 OST* | |\n| 2015 | \"If I Promise You\" | 如果我答应你 | *[Diamond Lover](/wiki/Diamond_Lover \"Diamond Lover\") OST* | |\n| 2016 2018 | \"Heavenly Gift\" Confession | 天賦 | *[The Princess Weiyoung](/wiki/The_Princess_Weiyoung \"The Princess Weiyoung\") OST* Love's Lies OST | with [Tiffany Tang](/wiki/Tiffany_Tang \"Tiffany Tang\") |\n\n",
"### Singles\n\n| Year | English title | Chinese title | Album | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2011 | \"This Season\" | 这个冬季 | | |\n| 2012 | \"Using a Lifetime to Reminisce\" | 用一生回憶 | *A Beauty in Troubled Times OST* | with [Tiffany Tang](/wiki/Tiffany_Tang \"Tiffany Tang\") |\n| \"Love Won't Regret\" | 爱不后悔 | |\n| 2013 | \"Separation\" | 离合 | *Agent X OST* | |\n| 2014 | \"Another Half\" | 另一半 | *Good Wife 101 OST* | |\n| 2015 | \"If I Promise You\" | 如果我答应你 | *[Diamond Lover](/wiki/Diamond_Lover \"Diamond Lover\") OST* | |\n| 2016 2018 | \"Heavenly Gift\" Confession | 天賦 | *[The Princess Weiyoung](/wiki/The_Princess_Weiyoung \"The Princess Weiyoung\") OST* Love's Lies OST | with [Tiffany Tang](/wiki/Tiffany_Tang \"Tiffany Tang\") |\n\n",
"Awards and nominations\n----------------------\n\n| Year | Award | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2011 | 2nd [China TV Drama Awards](/wiki/China_TV_Drama_Awards \"China TV Drama Awards\") | Acting Idol Award | | | |\n| 2013 | 5th [China TV Drama Awards](/wiki/China_TV_Drama_Awards \"China TV Drama Awards\") | Most Popular Actor (Mainland China) | *Agent X* | | |\n| 2014 | 5th China Student Television Festival | Most Popular Actor | *Ten Rides of Red Army* | | |\n| 2016 | 8th [Macau International Movie Festival](/wiki/Macau_International_Movie_Festival \"Macau International Movie Festival\") | Best Supporting Actor | *[Xuan Zang](/wiki/Xuanzang_%28film%29 \"Xuanzang (film)\")* | | |\n| 8th [China TV Drama Awards](/wiki/China_TV_Drama_Awards \"China TV Drama Awards\") | Most Popular Actor | *[The Princess Weiyoung](/wiki/The_Princess_Weiyoung \"The Princess Weiyoung\")* | | |\n| 2017 | 2nd China Quality Television Drama Ceremony | Media's Most Noticed Actor | | |\n| 22nd [Huading Awards](/wiki/Huading_Awards \"Huading Awards\") | Best Actor (Ancient Drama) | | |\n| 2nd Weibo Movie Awards Ceremony | Most Anticipated Actor | | | |\n| 2018 | 24th [Huading Awards](/wiki/Huading_Awards \"Huading Awards\") | Best Actor (Modern Drama) | *[The Way We Were](/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_%282018_TV_series%29 \"The Way We Were (2018 TV series)\")* | | |\n| 2019 | 4th China Quality Television Drama Ceremony | Influence Star of the Year | rowspan\\=\"2\" | | |\n| Golden Bud \\- The Third Network Film And Television Festival | Quality Actor | | |\n| 6th The Actors of China Award Ceremony | Best Actor (Sapphire Category) | *Behind The Scenes* | | |\n| Golden Bud \\- The Fourth Network Film And Television Festival | Best Actor | *Behind The Scenes*, *[Royal Nirvana](/wiki/Royal_Nirvana \"Royal Nirvana\")* | | |\n| 2020 | 7th The Actors of China Award Ceremony | Best Actor (Sapphire) | | | |\n|\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1981 births](/wiki/Category:1981_births \"1981 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Male actors from Jiangxi](/wiki/Category:Male_actors_from_Jiangxi \"Male actors from Jiangxi\")\n[Category:Beijing Film Academy alumni](/wiki/Category:Beijing_Film_Academy_alumni \"Beijing Film Academy alumni\")\n[Category:Chinese male stage actors](/wiki/Category:Chinese_male_stage_actors \"Chinese male stage actors\")\n[Category:People from Yichun, Jiangxi](/wiki/Category:People_from_Yichun%2C_Jiangxi \"People from Yichun, Jiangxi\")\n[Category:Singers from Jiangxi](/wiki/Category:Singers_from_Jiangxi \"Singers from Jiangxi\")\n[Category:Chinese male television actors](/wiki/Category:Chinese_male_television_actors \"Chinese male television actors\")\n[Category:Chinese male film actors](/wiki/Category:Chinese_male_film_actors \"Chinese male film actors\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Chinese male actors](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Chinese_male_actors \"21st-century Chinese male actors\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Chinese male singers](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Chinese_male_singers \"21st-century Chinese male singers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Fairie Festival
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
0oi5v12q69u2ouujft64rhmbaaug05q
|
2024-02-23T09:26:45Z
| 1,139,066,668 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Events",
"Impact",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|right](/wiki/File:2012_Fairie_Festival_Flyer.jpg \"2012 Fairie Festival Flyer.jpg\")\nThe **Fairie Festival** (also known as the May Day Fairie Festival, or Pennsylvania Fairie Festival) is a music and arts festival currently held annually in [Glen Rock, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Glen_Rock%2C_Pennsylvania \"Glen Rock, Pennsylvania\"), that began in 1991\\. Held in Sunbury, Pennsylvania starting 2019 at Spyglass Ridge Winery. Located at 105 Carroll Rd Sunbury, PA 17701\\. For 2020 dates are set for May 2nd and 3rd.[NPR article on the 2002 Fairie Festival](https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1144555)[Get lost in the Fairie Festival's Chautauqua](http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=YK&p_theme=yk&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=118F01732F9EA4B0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM) York Daily Record (PA) May 3, 2007 The festival's primary theme is to \"celebrate the beginning of spring and all of the [faerie](/wiki/Fairy \"Fairy\") and nature spirits' return to the warm world\".[May Day Fairie Festival](http://www.festivals.com/viewevent.aspx?eventid=yPXhswMFdGc%3D) Festivals.com\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe May Day Fairie Festival is the brainchild of Rob and Lucy Wood, owners of Spoutwood Farm, an organic farm in the Community Supported Agriculture movement.[Community](http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=YK&p_theme=yk&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB292AD6D719B9E&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM) October 10, 1995, YDR It began as a tea party for about 100 friends and their children, and attendance has grown to over 16,000 “friends” annually. Previously a one\\-day festival, a second day was added in 2001; a third, in 2006\\. The festival features artists and authors from around the world, local and international musicians and crafters whose work is connected to or inspired by [folklore](/wiki/Folklore \"Folklore\"), specifically [faerie](/wiki/Fairy \"Fairy\") lore. On 1/10/ 2018 Rob and Lucy Wood announced that May 2018 will be the last Fairie Festival to be held at Spoutwood Farm due to the stress it puts on the farm. In short the festival has grown too big for the farm. A new location was sought out for the future which was announced and held at Marshy Point Nature Center, located at 7130 Marshy Point Rd, Baltimore, MD 21220\\. The May Day Fairie Festival is now known as the Summer Solstice Faerie Festival presented in partnership by Spoutwood Farm Center, Marshy Point Nature Center and the Baltimore County Park System. With the close of the May Day Fairie Festival, there has been an insurgence of new Faerie Festivals in the local area. These festivals are a welcome addition to the FAEMILY, however they should not be confused with the May Day Fairie Festival and are in no way affiliated with Spoutwood Farm Center. These festivals are being held in New Freedom, Sunbury and York Pennsylvania.\n\nThere were no festivals in 2020\\-21\\.\n\n",
"Events\n------\n\n[thumb\\|Rob Wood as the [Greenman](/wiki/Greenman \"Greenman\"), \\|160px](/wiki/File:Robgreenman.jpg \"Robgreenman.jpg\")\nThe May Day Fairie Festival was the first festival in the United States devoted solely to [faerie](/wiki/Fairy \"Fairy\") and nature spirits. It has been held on the grounds of Spoutwood Farm Center since 1991\\.\n\nThe festival expects, each year, performances by musicians and dancers, storytellers, participatory maypole dancing, fairie craft activities such as wand and garland making. It provides 70 juried arts and crafts vendors (featuring handmade art inspired by the [faerie](/wiki/Fairy \"Fairy\")), and food vendors. The Nature Place offers a place for environmental, health, animal interest and other groups to share their vision; fairie and gnome habitat tours are to be expected, along with fairie tea parties, and guest appearances by Sweet Pea, the Mossmen, and the Green Man. Alongside the traditional [May Day](/wiki/May_Day \"May Day\") crowning of the [May Queen](/wiki/May_Queen \"May Queen\") may be seen the crowning of the May King, Prince, and Princess. The Fairie Chautauqua offers the opportunity for attendees to delve more deeply into the lore and arts of Fairie, in workshops led by scholars, artists, musicians, and crafters.[May Day Fairie Festival](http://www.whatsonwhen.com/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&event_id=148476) , WhatsOnWhen.com\n\n",
"Impact\n------\n\nEach year, the Fairie Festival benefits the Spoutwood Farm Center CSA, which in turn provides organically produced food to over 150 families in the community. The Fairie Festival maintains an example of ecologically sound entertainment in the fantasy genre; it utilizes recycled printed materials, compostable foodware, and features a food court of diverse food vendors, including organic and [vegetarian food](/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine \"Vegetarian cuisine\") vendors. In 2000, the Fairie Festival instituted a \"[Zero Waste](/wiki/Zero_Waste \"Zero Waste\")\" policy, requiring all vendors to haul out their own trash, and all food vendors to provide compostable materials to their customers.[Meet the Green Earth Fairy: One Lady's Quest for a Zero\\-Waste World](https://www.google.com/#hl=en&sugexp=ldymls&xhr=t&q=%22called+Green+Earth+Edutainment%22&cp=32&qe=ImNhbGxlZCBHcmVlbiBFYXJ0aCBFZHV0YWlubWVudCI&qesig=-E4M_JlqGYJZgO4ny1XFOw&pkc=AFgZ2tkdvRZKXdrzARzqIG3rNJXtDiNi7Kx6irrh0Qx08od5o87Ex0FbldjQA4qrxrWNQQC80sI9ryIerP6lWXH6v-qxesp6sg&pf=p&sclient=psy&site=&source=hp&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=%22called+Green+Earth+Edutainment%22&pbx=1&fp=7ff68c891911eea3) Ira Mency, AssociatedContent.com The compostable materials are added to a special compost pile located at the entrance to the CSA, and is part of the educational programs offered to attendees. In 2010, after a three\\-day event attended by over 17,000 people, a total of 23 plastic bags worth of non\\-recyclables and non\\-compostables were collected and disposed of by Waste Management of York County.\n\nAttendance is international, with vendors and attendees coming from England, Australia and Japan.\n\nThe Fairie Festival was the subject of a 2010 [documentary](/wiki/Documentary \"Documentary\") entitled \"[Glen Rock Fae: The Spoutwood Fairie Festival](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1740742/)\" on the Internet Movie Database.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Fairy Investigation Society](/wiki/Fairy_Investigation_Society \"Fairy Investigation Society\")\n* [Glen Rock Carolers](/wiki/Glen_Rock%2C_Pennsylvania%23Unique_Attraction \"Glen Rock, Pennsylvania#Unique Attraction\")\n* [List of fairy and sprite characters](/wiki/List_of_fairy_and_sprite_characters \"List of fairy and sprite characters\")\n* [May Day](/wiki/May_Day \"May Day\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [National Public Radio](/wiki/National_Public_Radio \"National Public Radio\") audio commentary on the 2001 Fairie Festival, by Marion Winik. [NPR article, with link to audio file](https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1144555)\n* [Official Fairie Festival website](http://www.spoutwood.org/fairie-festival)\n* [Official Spoutwood Farm Center website](http://www.spoutwood.org)\n* [\"Glen Rock Fae: The Spoutwood Fairie Festival (2010\\)\" on IMDB](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1740742/)\n\n[Category:Arts festivals in the United States](/wiki/Category:Arts_festivals_in_the_United_States \"Arts festivals in the United States\")\n[Category:Fairies in popular culture](/wiki/Category:Fairies_in_popular_culture \"Fairies in popular culture\")\n[Category:Science fiction conventions in the United States](/wiki/Category:Science_fiction_conventions_in_the_United_States \"Science fiction conventions in the United States\")\n[Category:Festivals in Pennsylvania](/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Pennsylvania \"Festivals in Pennsylvania\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Unloved
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"150.93.14.28"
]
}
|
rsot6tblc3qxsgocjc3fh77eygcd1g5
|
2024-05-20T03:15:48Z
| 1,190,642,751 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Cast",
"Reception",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Unloved*** is a 2001 Japanese romance film directed by [Kunitoshi Manda](/wiki/Kunitoshi_Manda \"Kunitoshi Manda\"), starring [Yoko Moriguchi](/wiki/Yoko_Moriguchi \"Yoko Moriguchi\"), [Shunsuke Matsuoka](/wiki/Shunsuke_Matsuoka \"Shunsuke Matsuoka\") and [Tōru Nakamura](/wiki/T%C5%8Dru_Nakamura_%28actor%29 \"Tōru Nakamura (actor)\"). It won the Grand Rail d'Or prize and the Future Talent prize at the [2001 Cannes Film Festival](/wiki/2001_Cannes_Film_Festival \"2001 Cannes Film Festival\").\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nMitsuko (Yoko Moriguchi), a young woman, becomes involved with Hiroshi (Shunsuke Matsuoka), a poor young man who lives her downstairs, and Eiji (Tōru Nakamura), a rich entrepreneur.\n\n",
"Cast\n----\n\n* [Yoko Moriguchi](/wiki/Yoko_Moriguchi \"Yoko Moriguchi\") as Mitsuko Kageyama\n* [Shunsuke Matsuoka](/wiki/Shunsuke_Matsuoka \"Shunsuke Matsuoka\") as Hiroshi Shimokawa\n* [Tōru Nakamura](/wiki/T%C5%8Dru_Nakamura_%28actor%29 \"Tōru Nakamura (actor)\") as Eiji Katsuno\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\nJonathan Crow of [Allmovie](/wiki/Allmovie \"Allmovie\") gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and said, \"*Unloved* is uninvolving and overly talky.\" David Stratton of the *[Variety](/wiki/Variety_%28magazine%29 \"Variety (magazine)\")* magazine said, \"\\[Moriguchi] gives a good performance as the exacting heroine, while Nakamura and Matsuoka lend solid support as the two wildly contrasted guys.\"\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:2001 films](/wiki/Category:2001_films \"2001 films\")\n[Category:Japanese romance films](/wiki/Category:Japanese_romance_films \"Japanese romance films\")\n[Category:2000s romance films](/wiki/Category:2000s_romance_films \"2000s romance films\")\n[Category:Films scored by Kenji Kawai](/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Kenji_Kawai \"Films scored by Kenji Kawai\")\n[Category:2000s Japanese films](/wiki/Category:2000s_Japanese_films \"2000s Japanese films\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Farm Workers Union of Uppland
|
{
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"name": [
"31.185.165.227"
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|
3y4m8m4qj6ykew1blltb6q8yce9s1dl
|
2024-09-22T17:06:04Z
| 1,174,490,141 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Sjölander, the agitator",
"Relations to SLF",
"1919 harvest strike",
"December 1919 conference",
"Strikes of 1924 and 1925",
"Unification",
"Organization",
"Geographic scope",
"Publication",
"Educational and cultural activism",
"References"
],
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"\n\nThe **Farm Workers Union of Uppland** (, abbreviated **ULF**) was a [trade union](/wiki/Trade_union \"Trade union\") for agricultural workers in [Uppland](/wiki/Uppland \"Uppland\"), [Sweden](/wiki/Sweden \"Sweden\"). ULF was founded on 1 December 1918\\.Uppsala Universitet. *[Studia historica Upsaliensia, Volume 32\\-34](https://books.google.com/books?id=SRdpAAAAMAAJ)*. Uppsala \\[etc.]: Uppsala Universitet \\[etc.], 1970\\. p. 16 The union was active parallel to the [Farm Workers Union of Sweden](/wiki/Farm_Workers_Union_of_Sweden \"Farm Workers Union of Sweden\") (SLF).Ståhl, Margareta. *[Vår enighets fana: ett sekel fackliga fanor](https://books.google.com/books?id=pJEPNAAACAAJ)*. Stockholm: LO, 1998\\. p. 230 In 1919, SLF and the [Swedish Trade Union Confederation](/wiki/Swedish_Trade_Union_Confederation \"Swedish Trade Union Confederation\") (LO) begin pressuring ULF to merge with SLF,Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 9 which finally came about in 1930\\.\n\nThe existence of an independent union of agricultural labourers in Uppland could partly be explained by the fact that living conditions for *[statare](/wiki/Statare \"Statare\")* were worse in Uppland than in other regions of the country. The Uppland plains north of [Mälaren](/wiki/M%C3%A4laren \"Mälaren\") were completely dominated by estates of large landowners.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 15 During the early 1920s, Uppland had the highest percentage of union organizing amongst agricultural labourers in Sweden.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 113\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### Sjölander, the agitator\n\nThe ULF leader was Oscar Sjölander, a teacher in [Kungsängen](/wiki/Kungs%C3%A4ngen \"Kungsängen\") and a member of parliament of the [Social Democratic Labour Party](/wiki/Swedish_Social_Democratic_Party \"Swedish Social Democratic Party\"). He had conducted agitations and farm worker organizing in the area from 1914 and onwards.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 22 He founded three [labour communes](/wiki/Arbetarekommun \"Arbetarekommun\") in southern Uppland (Bro, Lossa and Kungsängen). He sought assistance from the national headquarters of the Social Democratic Labour Party, LO and SLF for his organizing endeavours in southern Uppland; but received no help from neither of them. LO was reluctant to support an organizing drive in the predominantly rural Uppland, preferring to give assistance to organizing of agricultural workers in areas surrounding major industrial centres.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 48\\-49 Sjölander spent six weeks of his summer holidays in 1918, agitating amongst agricultural labourers. As a result, the [Bro Härad](/wiki/Bro%2C_Stockholm \"Bro, Stockholm\") Farm Workers Trade Union was founded.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 52 Bro Härad would remain the key stronghold of ULF throughout its existence. The union was reorganized as ULF at its second meeting held December 1918\\.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 53\\-54\n\n### Relations to SLF\n\nThe initial intent of ULF might have been to join SLF, but differences over tactics during a major ULF harvest [strike](/wiki/Strike_action \"Strike action\") in the summer of 1919 closed the space for unification between ULF and SLF. The SLF leadership, in particular its chairman Albin Hansson, was more cautious regarding strike tactics than ULF.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 63\\-67\n\nULF was met with criticism not only from the estate owners but also from the Social Democratic press, SLF and the [Swedish Trade Union Confederation](/wiki/Swedish_Trade_Union_Confederation \"Swedish Trade Union Confederation\") (LO).Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 28 The only press outlet that defended ULF was the Social Democratic newspaper *Uplands Folkblad* (partially financed by ULF).\n\n### 1919 harvest strike\n\nIn April 1919 ULF had demanded a 30% raise of wages for farm workers. The demand was rejected by the regional employers organization. At a meeting in Kungsängen on 4 May, delegates of the ULF branches called for militant actions against the estate owners. Sjölander did however caution the delegates, arguing that the newly founded union lacked the financial means to mobilize a prolonged strike. He drafted a proposal for a new treaty, calling for raising the salary to 1000 [Swedish krona](/wiki/Swedish_krona \"Swedish krona\"). The employers did however decline negotiation with ULF between May and July 1918\\.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 55\n\nSpontaneous strikes broke out amongst farm workers in Veckholm and Ekerö, without the approval of ULF. Following the start of the Veckholm strike, Sjölander offer to discuss modifications to the draft treaty with the employers, but the employers again declined to negotiate with him. A ULF conference was assembled, and decided to initiate a strike starting 29 July 1919\\.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 56\\-57 Non\\-socialist newspapers decried the demands of ULF. For example, *[Dagens Nyheter](/wiki/Dagens_Nyheter \"Dagens Nyheter\")* claimed that '[Bolshevik](/wiki/Bolshevik \"Bolshevik\") tendencies' could be found amongst the farm labourers. During the strike actions were coordinated between ULF and SLF branches in nearby areas (in spite of resistance from the national SLF leadership), paving the way for workers' victory in the dispute.Sundell, Åke. *[Patriarkalism och föreningsrätt: om produktion och facklig kamp inom handelsträdgårdsnäringen i Malmö med omnejd fram till 1936](https://books.google.com/books?id=5OzSAAAAIAAJ)*. Lund: Lund University Press, 1997\\. p. 12 The strike lasted for a week. The estate owners were unable to recruit scabs to save the harvest, and thus no violent incidents occurred at the picket lines. Under pressure from the public opinion (as voiced through Stockholm newspapers), wary of food shortages as a result of the strike, the national government instituted a negotiating commission. The Uppland estate owners association caved in to pressure from the government commission, and eventually accepted raising the salary of a *körkarl* from around 600 krona to 900 krona. ULF on its part had been forced to accept the continuation of individual employment contracts.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 62\\-63\n\nAt the time of the 1919 strike, ULF had around 4,000 members (out of a total of around 20,000 farm workers in Uppland). Another 2,000 organized farm workers also took part in the strike.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 60\\-61 ULF membership began to decline after the strike, as many labourers felt union membership was superfluous as their demands had already been met.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 111\n\n### December 1919 conference\n\nULF held a conference in [Uppsala](/wiki/Uppsala \"Uppsala\") on 7 December 1919\\. The national LO leadership was represented at the conference (including [Arvid Thorberg](/wiki/Arvid_Thorberg \"Arvid Thorberg\")) as well the leftwing socialist\\-dominated SLF districts of [Närke](/wiki/N%C3%A4rke \"Närke\") and [Södermanland](/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland \"Södermanland\") and the dissident farm workers union in Västmanland\\-Dalarna (Forest and Farm Workers Union of Central Sweden).Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 70\\-71Back, Pär\\-Erik. *[En klass i uppbrott; den fackliga lantarbetarrörelsens uppkomst och utveckling](https://books.google.com/books?id=pjdxAAAAIAAJ)*. Stockholm: Svenska lantarbetareförbundet, 1961\\. p. 130 At the conference a 'Cooperation Committee' of farm workers was formed, with representatives from Uppland, Sörmland, Närke, Dalarna and Västmanland.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 77 Criticism from LO and the Social Democratic Party against ULF was stepped up following the December 1919 conference. Sharp attacks against Sjölander's reluctance to merge with SLF were published in *[Social\\-Demokraten](/wiki/Social-Demokraten \"Social-Demokraten\")*.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 72 The decision to form a Cooperation Committee parallel to SLF and with participation of SLF branches was lambasted as a move to divide the farm workers movement.\n\nThe Cooperation Committee organized a national farm workers' conference in Stockholm on 29 February 1920\\. Apart from the 157 delegates of the constituent organizations there were also two delegates from [Östergötland](/wiki/%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland \"Östergötland\") present. The national SLF leadership also reluctantly participated, in order to argue against the proposals of Sjölander. The conference proposed instituting a tripartite commission (consisting of SLF, ULF and the Forest and Farm Workers Union of Central Sweden) to oversee a merger of the different unions. The key debate at the conference was the issue of tactics. Sjölander's position prevailed (with 77 votes against 11\\), calling for the abolition of local bargaining agreements.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 80 The tripartite commission never became effective.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 81\n\n### Strikes of 1924 and 1925\n\nULF did not participate in the 1924 strike mobilized by SLF. However, in 1925 ULF organized a major harvest strike of its own, with epicentre in [Kungsängen](/wiki/Kungs%C3%A4ngen \"Kungsängen\"). Sjölander emerged as the main leader of the strike. But whilst Sjölander had urged his followers to desist from violence, clashes erupted between striking labourers and [scabs](/wiki/Strikebreaker \"Strikebreaker\") (brought in from [Stockholm](/wiki/Stockholm \"Stockholm\")). In Bro scabs were forced to flee head over heels, in fights that resulted in jail terms for striking labourers. The outcome of the strike eventually resulted in a backlash for ULF and Sjölander, was they were unable to achieve a favourable bargaining deal. The 1925 strike figures in several literary works, such as the novel *En natt i juli* by [Jan Fridegård](/wiki/Jan_Frideg%C3%A5rd \"Jan Fridegård\") and the novel collection *Statarna* by [Ivar Lo\\-Johansson](/wiki/Ivar_Lo-Johansson \"Ivar Lo-Johansson\"). *En natt i juli* was made into a movie in 1946, titled *När ängarna blomma*.\n\n### Unification\n\nSjölander died in 1928\\. A. E. Elmroth became the new ULF chairman.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 354 Sjölander's nemesis in the farm workers movement, Hansson, died in 1929\\. After the passing of Sjölander and Hansson, venues for reconciliation between ULF and SLF were opened. ULF merged into SLF on 1 January 1930\\.Thörnquist, Annette. *[Lönearbete eller egen jord?: den svenska lantarbetarrörelsen och jordfrågan 1908\\-1936 \\= \\[Wages or land?] : \\[the Swedish rural labor movement and the land question 1908\\-1936]](https://books.google.com/books?id=3k8yAAAAIAAJ)*. Studia historica Upsaliensia, 157\\. Uppsala: Univ, 1989\\. p. 22 As of 1929 ULF had 2,236 members (as compared to 6,678 members in SLF).Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 110\n\n",
"### Sjölander, the agitator\n\nThe ULF leader was Oscar Sjölander, a teacher in [Kungsängen](/wiki/Kungs%C3%A4ngen \"Kungsängen\") and a member of parliament of the [Social Democratic Labour Party](/wiki/Swedish_Social_Democratic_Party \"Swedish Social Democratic Party\"). He had conducted agitations and farm worker organizing in the area from 1914 and onwards.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 22 He founded three [labour communes](/wiki/Arbetarekommun \"Arbetarekommun\") in southern Uppland (Bro, Lossa and Kungsängen). He sought assistance from the national headquarters of the Social Democratic Labour Party, LO and SLF for his organizing endeavours in southern Uppland; but received no help from neither of them. LO was reluctant to support an organizing drive in the predominantly rural Uppland, preferring to give assistance to organizing of agricultural workers in areas surrounding major industrial centres.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 48\\-49 Sjölander spent six weeks of his summer holidays in 1918, agitating amongst agricultural labourers. As a result, the [Bro Härad](/wiki/Bro%2C_Stockholm \"Bro, Stockholm\") Farm Workers Trade Union was founded.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 52 Bro Härad would remain the key stronghold of ULF throughout its existence. The union was reorganized as ULF at its second meeting held December 1918\\.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 53\\-54\n\n",
"### Relations to SLF\n\nThe initial intent of ULF might have been to join SLF, but differences over tactics during a major ULF harvest [strike](/wiki/Strike_action \"Strike action\") in the summer of 1919 closed the space for unification between ULF and SLF. The SLF leadership, in particular its chairman Albin Hansson, was more cautious regarding strike tactics than ULF.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 63\\-67\n\nULF was met with criticism not only from the estate owners but also from the Social Democratic press, SLF and the [Swedish Trade Union Confederation](/wiki/Swedish_Trade_Union_Confederation \"Swedish Trade Union Confederation\") (LO).Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 28 The only press outlet that defended ULF was the Social Democratic newspaper *Uplands Folkblad* (partially financed by ULF).\n\n",
"### 1919 harvest strike\n\nIn April 1919 ULF had demanded a 30% raise of wages for farm workers. The demand was rejected by the regional employers organization. At a meeting in Kungsängen on 4 May, delegates of the ULF branches called for militant actions against the estate owners. Sjölander did however caution the delegates, arguing that the newly founded union lacked the financial means to mobilize a prolonged strike. He drafted a proposal for a new treaty, calling for raising the salary to 1000 [Swedish krona](/wiki/Swedish_krona \"Swedish krona\"). The employers did however decline negotiation with ULF between May and July 1918\\.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 55\n\nSpontaneous strikes broke out amongst farm workers in Veckholm and Ekerö, without the approval of ULF. Following the start of the Veckholm strike, Sjölander offer to discuss modifications to the draft treaty with the employers, but the employers again declined to negotiate with him. A ULF conference was assembled, and decided to initiate a strike starting 29 July 1919\\.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 56\\-57 Non\\-socialist newspapers decried the demands of ULF. For example, *[Dagens Nyheter](/wiki/Dagens_Nyheter \"Dagens Nyheter\")* claimed that '[Bolshevik](/wiki/Bolshevik \"Bolshevik\") tendencies' could be found amongst the farm labourers. During the strike actions were coordinated between ULF and SLF branches in nearby areas (in spite of resistance from the national SLF leadership), paving the way for workers' victory in the dispute.Sundell, Åke. *[Patriarkalism och föreningsrätt: om produktion och facklig kamp inom handelsträdgårdsnäringen i Malmö med omnejd fram till 1936](https://books.google.com/books?id=5OzSAAAAIAAJ)*. Lund: Lund University Press, 1997\\. p. 12 The strike lasted for a week. The estate owners were unable to recruit scabs to save the harvest, and thus no violent incidents occurred at the picket lines. Under pressure from the public opinion (as voiced through Stockholm newspapers), wary of food shortages as a result of the strike, the national government instituted a negotiating commission. The Uppland estate owners association caved in to pressure from the government commission, and eventually accepted raising the salary of a *körkarl* from around 600 krona to 900 krona. ULF on its part had been forced to accept the continuation of individual employment contracts.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 62\\-63\n\nAt the time of the 1919 strike, ULF had around 4,000 members (out of a total of around 20,000 farm workers in Uppland). Another 2,000 organized farm workers also took part in the strike.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 60\\-61 ULF membership began to decline after the strike, as many labourers felt union membership was superfluous as their demands had already been met.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 111\n\n",
"### December 1919 conference\n\nULF held a conference in [Uppsala](/wiki/Uppsala \"Uppsala\") on 7 December 1919\\. The national LO leadership was represented at the conference (including [Arvid Thorberg](/wiki/Arvid_Thorberg \"Arvid Thorberg\")) as well the leftwing socialist\\-dominated SLF districts of [Närke](/wiki/N%C3%A4rke \"Närke\") and [Södermanland](/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland \"Södermanland\") and the dissident farm workers union in Västmanland\\-Dalarna (Forest and Farm Workers Union of Central Sweden).Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 70\\-71Back, Pär\\-Erik. *[En klass i uppbrott; den fackliga lantarbetarrörelsens uppkomst och utveckling](https://books.google.com/books?id=pjdxAAAAIAAJ)*. Stockholm: Svenska lantarbetareförbundet, 1961\\. p. 130 At the conference a 'Cooperation Committee' of farm workers was formed, with representatives from Uppland, Sörmland, Närke, Dalarna and Västmanland.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 77 Criticism from LO and the Social Democratic Party against ULF was stepped up following the December 1919 conference. Sharp attacks against Sjölander's reluctance to merge with SLF were published in *[Social\\-Demokraten](/wiki/Social-Demokraten \"Social-Demokraten\")*.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 72 The decision to form a Cooperation Committee parallel to SLF and with participation of SLF branches was lambasted as a move to divide the farm workers movement.\n\nThe Cooperation Committee organized a national farm workers' conference in Stockholm on 29 February 1920\\. Apart from the 157 delegates of the constituent organizations there were also two delegates from [Östergötland](/wiki/%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland \"Östergötland\") present. The national SLF leadership also reluctantly participated, in order to argue against the proposals of Sjölander. The conference proposed instituting a tripartite commission (consisting of SLF, ULF and the Forest and Farm Workers Union of Central Sweden) to oversee a merger of the different unions. The key debate at the conference was the issue of tactics. Sjölander's position prevailed (with 77 votes against 11\\), calling for the abolition of local bargaining agreements.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 80 The tripartite commission never became effective.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 81\n\n",
"### Strikes of 1924 and 1925\n\nULF did not participate in the 1924 strike mobilized by SLF. However, in 1925 ULF organized a major harvest strike of its own, with epicentre in [Kungsängen](/wiki/Kungs%C3%A4ngen \"Kungsängen\"). Sjölander emerged as the main leader of the strike. But whilst Sjölander had urged his followers to desist from violence, clashes erupted between striking labourers and [scabs](/wiki/Strikebreaker \"Strikebreaker\") (brought in from [Stockholm](/wiki/Stockholm \"Stockholm\")). In Bro scabs were forced to flee head over heels, in fights that resulted in jail terms for striking labourers. The outcome of the strike eventually resulted in a backlash for ULF and Sjölander, was they were unable to achieve a favourable bargaining deal. The 1925 strike figures in several literary works, such as the novel *En natt i juli* by [Jan Fridegård](/wiki/Jan_Frideg%C3%A5rd \"Jan Fridegård\") and the novel collection *Statarna* by [Ivar Lo\\-Johansson](/wiki/Ivar_Lo-Johansson \"Ivar Lo-Johansson\"). *En natt i juli* was made into a movie in 1946, titled *När ängarna blomma*.\n\n",
"### Unification\n\nSjölander died in 1928\\. A. E. Elmroth became the new ULF chairman.Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 354 Sjölander's nemesis in the farm workers movement, Hansson, died in 1929\\. After the passing of Sjölander and Hansson, venues for reconciliation between ULF and SLF were opened. ULF merged into SLF on 1 January 1930\\.Thörnquist, Annette. *[Lönearbete eller egen jord?: den svenska lantarbetarrörelsen och jordfrågan 1908\\-1936 \\= \\[Wages or land?] : \\[the Swedish rural labor movement and the land question 1908\\-1936]](https://books.google.com/books?id=3k8yAAAAIAAJ)*. Studia historica Upsaliensia, 157\\. Uppsala: Univ, 1989\\. p. 22 As of 1929 ULF had 2,236 members (as compared to 6,678 members in SLF).Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. p. 110\n\n",
"Organization\n------------\n\n### Geographic scope\n\nULF sections were generally found in parishes with large land estates. As of 1920 ULF claimed to have organizers in [Gimo](/wiki/Gimo%2C_Sweden \"Gimo, Sweden\"), [Trögd](/wiki/Tr%C3%B6gd \"Trögd\"), [Lidingö](/wiki/Liding%C3%B6 \"Lidingö\"), [Rimbo](/wiki/Rimbo \"Rimbo\"), [Ekerö](/wiki/Eker%C3%B6 \"Ekerö\"), [Munsö](/wiki/Muns%C3%B6 \"Munsö\") and at the border with [Västmanland](/wiki/V%C3%A4stmanland \"Västmanland\"). The key areas of ULF activities were located just north of Mälaren, Bro, [Håbo](/wiki/H%C3%A5bo \"Håbo\"), Trögd and Åsunda. On the islands in Mälaren (such as [Adelsö](/wiki/Adels%C3%B6 \"Adelsö\"), Munsö, Ekerö, Svartsjölandet and Lovö) ULF had a fairly strong presence. The organization also had a well\\-organized following in the Baltic Sea archipelago, several branches were established on [Värmdö](/wiki/V%C3%A4rmd%C3%B6_Municipality \"Värmdö Municipality\").\n\nULF branches were also found of the southern shore of Mälaren, in northern and western Salem, Västertälje, Botkyrka, Huddinge and Brännkyrka. In 1921 ULF expanded its scope of activity to [Södertörn](/wiki/S%C3%B6dert%C3%B6rn \"Södertörn\") (since the estate owners of Södertörn were already organized in the Uppland regional organization), with nine branches joining the organization. Fierce competition over influence in Södertörn erupted between SLF and ULF, but ULF eventually established itself as the dominant force there (as of 1930 ULF had branches in all parishes of Södertörn except Vårdinge).Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 115\\-117\n\nIn the Uppsala plains, Bondkyrka had the strongest ULF section (with 72 members in 1925\\). The section was active in nine parishes. In eastern Uppland, ULF organizing met with stiff resistance. The company Gimo\\-Österbruk AB owned large shares of the lands there.\n\nThe weakest point of ULF in Uppland was [Roslagen](/wiki/Roslagen \"Roslagen\"), the plains around Rimbo and [Norrtälje](/wiki/Norrt%C3%A4lje \"Norrtälje\"). The organization was somewhat stronger in the northernmost parts of the county, in plains around [Tierp](/wiki/Tierp \"Tierp\") and [Forsmark](/wiki/Forsmark \"Forsmark\").\n\nIn [Stockholms län](/wiki/Stockholms_l%C3%A4n \"Stockholms län\"), there were 28 parishes (out of a total of 97\\) were ULF (probably) never had any organizational presence between 1918 and 1929\\. In [Uppsala län](/wiki/Uppsala_l%C3%A4n \"Uppsala län\"), 14 out of 85 parishes had seemingly been untouched by ULF organizing. In Stockholms län 13 section of ULF were closed down prior to 1925, and in Uppsala län seven ULF sections had been disbanded prior to 1925\\.\n\n### Publication\n\nULF published the fortnightly newspaper *Skogs och lantarbetet* between 1921 and 1929\\. Sjölander served as its editor, and was a prolific contributor to the newspaper.\n\n### Educational and cultural activism\n\nULF worked closely together with the [Workers Educational Association](/wiki/Arbetarnas_bildningsf%C3%B6rbund \"Arbetarnas bildningsförbund\") (ABF), setting up mobile libraries for agricultural labourers at farms in the country\\-side.Furuland, Lars. *[Statarnas ombudsman i dikten: en bok om Ivar Lo\\-Johansson](https://books.google.com/books?id=C4rtAAAAMAAJ)*. Stockholm: LT i samarbete med Svenska lantarbetareförb, 1976\\. p. 184Furuland, Lars. *[Statarna i litteraturen; en studie i svensk dikt och samhällsdebatt](https://books.google.com/books?id=S2jtAAAAMAAJ)*. Stockholm: Tidens förlag, 1962\\. p. 202\n\n",
"### Geographic scope\n\nULF sections were generally found in parishes with large land estates. As of 1920 ULF claimed to have organizers in [Gimo](/wiki/Gimo%2C_Sweden \"Gimo, Sweden\"), [Trögd](/wiki/Tr%C3%B6gd \"Trögd\"), [Lidingö](/wiki/Liding%C3%B6 \"Lidingö\"), [Rimbo](/wiki/Rimbo \"Rimbo\"), [Ekerö](/wiki/Eker%C3%B6 \"Ekerö\"), [Munsö](/wiki/Muns%C3%B6 \"Munsö\") and at the border with [Västmanland](/wiki/V%C3%A4stmanland \"Västmanland\"). The key areas of ULF activities were located just north of Mälaren, Bro, [Håbo](/wiki/H%C3%A5bo \"Håbo\"), Trögd and Åsunda. On the islands in Mälaren (such as [Adelsö](/wiki/Adels%C3%B6 \"Adelsö\"), Munsö, Ekerö, Svartsjölandet and Lovö) ULF had a fairly strong presence. The organization also had a well\\-organized following in the Baltic Sea archipelago, several branches were established on [Värmdö](/wiki/V%C3%A4rmd%C3%B6_Municipality \"Värmdö Municipality\").\n\nULF branches were also found of the southern shore of Mälaren, in northern and western Salem, Västertälje, Botkyrka, Huddinge and Brännkyrka. In 1921 ULF expanded its scope of activity to [Södertörn](/wiki/S%C3%B6dert%C3%B6rn \"Södertörn\") (since the estate owners of Södertörn were already organized in the Uppland regional organization), with nine branches joining the organization. Fierce competition over influence in Södertörn erupted between SLF and ULF, but ULF eventually established itself as the dominant force there (as of 1930 ULF had branches in all parishes of Södertörn except Vårdinge).Johanson, Curt. *[Lantarbetarna i Uppland, 1918\\-1930](https://books.google.com/books?id=rIBlAAAAIAAJ)*. 1970\\. pp. 115\\-117\n\nIn the Uppsala plains, Bondkyrka had the strongest ULF section (with 72 members in 1925\\). The section was active in nine parishes. In eastern Uppland, ULF organizing met with stiff resistance. The company Gimo\\-Österbruk AB owned large shares of the lands there.\n\nThe weakest point of ULF in Uppland was [Roslagen](/wiki/Roslagen \"Roslagen\"), the plains around Rimbo and [Norrtälje](/wiki/Norrt%C3%A4lje \"Norrtälje\"). The organization was somewhat stronger in the northernmost parts of the county, in plains around [Tierp](/wiki/Tierp \"Tierp\") and [Forsmark](/wiki/Forsmark \"Forsmark\").\n\nIn [Stockholms län](/wiki/Stockholms_l%C3%A4n \"Stockholms län\"), there were 28 parishes (out of a total of 97\\) were ULF (probably) never had any organizational presence between 1918 and 1929\\. In [Uppsala län](/wiki/Uppsala_l%C3%A4n \"Uppsala län\"), 14 out of 85 parishes had seemingly been untouched by ULF organizing. In Stockholms län 13 section of ULF were closed down prior to 1925, and in Uppsala län seven ULF sections had been disbanded prior to 1925\\.\n\n",
"### Publication\n\nULF published the fortnightly newspaper *Skogs och lantarbetet* between 1921 and 1929\\. Sjölander served as its editor, and was a prolific contributor to the newspaper.\n\n",
"### Educational and cultural activism\n\nULF worked closely together with the [Workers Educational Association](/wiki/Arbetarnas_bildningsf%C3%B6rbund \"Arbetarnas bildningsförbund\") (ABF), setting up mobile libraries for agricultural labourers at farms in the country\\-side.Furuland, Lars. *[Statarnas ombudsman i dikten: en bok om Ivar Lo\\-Johansson](https://books.google.com/books?id=C4rtAAAAMAAJ)*. Stockholm: LT i samarbete med Svenska lantarbetareförb, 1976\\. p. 184Furuland, Lars. *[Statarna i litteraturen; en studie i svensk dikt och samhällsdebatt](https://books.google.com/books?id=S2jtAAAAMAAJ)*. Stockholm: Tidens förlag, 1962\\. p. 202\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Trade unions in Sweden](/wiki/Category:Trade_unions_in_Sweden \"Trade unions in Sweden\")\n[Category:1918 establishments in Sweden](/wiki/Category:1918_establishments_in_Sweden \"1918 establishments in Sweden\")\n[Category:1930 disestablishments in Sweden](/wiki/Category:1930_disestablishments_in_Sweden \"1930 disestablishments in Sweden\")\n[Category:Agriculture and forestry trade unions](/wiki/Category:Agriculture_and_forestry_trade_unions \"Agriculture and forestry trade unions\")\n[Category:Trade unions established in 1918](/wiki/Category:Trade_unions_established_in_1918 \"Trade unions established in 1918\")\n[Category:Agricultural organizations based in Sweden](/wiki/Category:Agricultural_organizations_based_in_Sweden \"Agricultural organizations based in Sweden\")\n[Category:Uppland](/wiki/Category:Uppland \"Uppland\")\n[Category:Trade unions disestablished in 1930](/wiki/Category:Trade_unions_disestablished_in_1930 \"Trade unions disestablished in 1930\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Walter Balcanquhall (divine)
|
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2024-09-25T10:50:28Z
| 1,247,675,083 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Early ministry",
"Opposition to the King",
"Development of ministry",
"Further controversies",
"Final stages of ministry",
"Marriage and issue",
"Bibliography",
"References",
"Citations",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
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2,
3,
3,
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"content": [
"\n\n**Walter Balcanquhall** (1548–1617\\), was one of the first [Presbyterian](/wiki/Presbyterianism \"Presbyterianism\") ministers in [Edinburgh](/wiki/Edinburgh \"Edinburgh\") after the [Reformation in Scotland](/wiki/Reformation_in_Scotland \"Reformation in Scotland\").\n\nHe is almost certain to have been born at Balcanquhal, [Strathmiglo](/wiki/Strathmiglo \"Strathmiglo\"), probably in 1548\\. After studying at [St Andrews](/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews \"University of St Andrews\"), he was exhorter at [Aberdour](/wiki/Aberdour \"Aberdour\") in 1571, and entered [St Giles](/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral \"St Giles' Cathedral\") on Whit Sunday 1574\\. At that time he is described in [James Melvill's](/wiki/James_Melville_%281556%E2%80%931614%29 \"James Melville (1556–1614)\") Diary as \"ane honest, upright\\-hearted young man, latlie enteret to the ministerie of Edinburgh.\" He was elected to the chaplaincy of the Altar called Jesus, on 20 November 1579\\. Having preached against the influence of the French at Court, on 7 December 1580, he was called before the [Privy Council](/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Scotland \"Privy Council of Scotland\"), on 9 January 1581, and admonished. He attended the [Earl of Morton](/wiki/James_Douglas%2C_4th_Earl_of_Morton \"James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton\") on the eve of his execution, in 1581\\. He opposed the [Black Acts](/wiki/Black_Acts \"Black Acts\") of 1584, and was obliged to flee for safety to Berwick\\-on\\-Tweed. While there, his wife along with Mrs Lawson, wife of [James Lawson](/wiki/James_Lawson_%28minister%29 \"James Lawson (minister)\"), addressed to the Archbishop a long and most extraordinary letter of rebuke and vituperation(P. C. Reg., iii., 691\\. On returning after the storm had passed, Balcanquhal came once more into royal favour. On 2 January 1586 he preached before the King (though James \"rebuked him from his seat in the loft\" for some of his opinions). Balcanquhal attended the coronation of [Queen Anne](/wiki/Queen_Anne_of_England_and_Great_Britain \"Queen Anne of England and Great Britain\"), on 17 May 1590\\. In 1596 his bold utterances again brought him into conflict with the sovereign, and a warrant having been issued, again he escaped to Yorkshire. He demitted his ministry at St Giles in May 1597, in order to admit of new parochial divisions of the city, and on 18 April 1598 he was admitted to [Trinity College Kirk](/wiki/Trinity_College_Kirk \"Trinity College Kirk\"). On 10 September 1600 he was called before the Privy Council for questioning the genuineness of the [Gowrie Conspiracy](/wiki/Gowrie_Conspiracy \"Gowrie Conspiracy\"), but, professing to be satisfied with its reality, he was dismissed. He was a member of the [Assembly](/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland \"General Assembly of the Church of Scotland\") of 1602\\. Along with [Robert Pont](/wiki/Robert_Pont \"Robert Pont\") he took protestation at the cross of Edinburgh, in name of the whole Kirk, against the verdict of the Assize finding the brethren who met in [General Assembly at Aberdeen](/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Aberdeen \"General Assembly of Aberdeen\") guilty of treason. For condemning the proceedings of the General Assembly, 1610, he was again called before the Privy Council, and admonished. Falling into bad health, he ceased preaching, on 16 July 1616, and died on 4 August 1617\\. He bequeathed 1000 merks towards the stipend of a [Professor of Divinity](/wiki/Professor_of_Divinity_%28Edinburgh%29 \"Professor of Divinity (Edinburgh)\") in the [University of Edinburgh](/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh \"University of Edinburgh\").\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nBalcanquhall derives his surname originally from lands in the parish of [Strathmiglo](/wiki/Strathmiglo \"Strathmiglo\"), [Fife](/wiki/Fife \"Fife\"). It is nearly certain that Walter was of the 'ilk' of Balcanquhall, and that he was born there—according to his age at death—in 1548 (cf. Sibbald's 'List of the Heritors' (1710\\) in History of Fife, appendix No. 2\\).\n\n### Early ministry\n\nThe earliest notice of Balcanquhall is that he was entered as 'minister of [St. Giles, Edinburgh](/wiki/St._Giles%27_Cathedral \"St. Giles' Cathedral\"),' on Whit Sunday 1574, with the descriptor that 'he was desyrit by other towns and large stipend promist,' but 'yet he consented to stay and accept what they pleased.' At this time he is described in [James Melville](/wiki/James_Melville_%281556%E2%80%931614%29 \"James Melville (1556–1614)\")'s 'Diary' (p. 41, [Wodrow Society](/wiki/Wodrow_Society \"Wodrow Society\")) as 'ane honest, upright hearted young man, latlie enterit to that menestrie of Edinbruche' \\[Edinburgh]. He was elected to the chaplaincy of the Altar called Jesus, 20 November 1579\\. Having preached a memorable sermon, mainly directed against the influence of the French at court, 7 December 1580, he was called before the privy council on 9 December. and 'discharged.' He attended the [Earl of Morton](/wiki/Earl_of_Morton \"Earl of Morton\") while in prison under condemnation, 2 June 1581\\.\n\n### Opposition to the King\n\nWhen [James VI of Scotland](/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland \"James VI of Scotland\") devised his scheme of re\\-establishing 'the bishops' in Scotland, he found Balcanquhall, along with [James Lawson](/wiki/James_Lawson_%28minister%29 \"James Lawson (minister)\"), [Robert Pont](/wiki/Robert_Pont \"Robert Pont\"), and [Andrew Melville](/wiki/Andrew_Melville \"Andrew Melville\"), and their like\\-minded brethren, in active opposition. On the calling together of the estates of the realm in 1584, the king sent an imperative message to the magistrates of [Edinburgh](/wiki/Edinburgh \"Edinburgh\") 'to seize and imprison any of the ministers who should venture to speak against the proceedings of the parliament.' But Balcanquhall (along with James Lawson) preached fearlessly against the proposals; and along with Pont and others took his stand at the cross while the heralds proclaimed the acts passed by the subservient parliament, and publicly 'protested and took instruments' in the name of the 'kirk' of Scotland against them. The sermon was delivered on 24 May. A warrant was issued, and Balcanquhall and Lawson fled to [Berwick\\-on\\-Tweed](/wiki/Berwick-on-Tweed \"Berwick-on-Tweed\") (Melville, Diary, p. 119\\).\n\n### Development of ministry\n\nThe storm blew over, though his house in [Parliament Square](/wiki/Parliament_Square \"Parliament Square\") was given to another in the interval. On his return to Edinburgh, a house formerly occupied by Durie was given to him (1585\\). On 2 January 1586 he preached before the king 'in the great kirk of Edinburgh' \\[St. Giles] when the sovereign 'after sermon rebuikit Mr. Walter publiclie from his seat in the loaft \\[gallery] and said he \\[the king] would prove there should be bishops and spirituall magistrats endued with authoritie over the minestrie; and that he \\[Balcanquhall] did not his dutie to condemn that which he had done in parliament' (Melville, Diary, p. 491\\).\nIn this year (1586\\) he is found one of eight to whom was committed the discipline of [Lothian](/wiki/Lothian \"Lothian\") by the general assembly. A larger house, which had been formerly occupied by his colleague Watson, was assigned to him 28 July 1587, and his stipend augmented. He was appointed to attend the coronation of [Anne of Denmark](/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark \"Anne of Denmark\") as [queen consort](/wiki/Queen_consort \"Queen consort\"), 17 May 1590\\. For some years he seems to have been wholly occupied with his pulpit and pastoral work.\n\n### Further controversies\n\nIn 1596, however, his bold utterances again brought him into conflict with the sovereign; but a warrant having again been issued, again he escaped—this time to [Yorkshire](/wiki/Yorkshire \"Yorkshire\"), after being 'put to the horn' as a fugitive. Balcanquhall and other ministers including [Robert Bruce](/wiki/Robert_Bruce_of_Kinnaird \"Robert Bruce of Kinnaird\") went into exile in England at [Caldwell](/wiki/Caldwell%2C_North_Yorkshire \"Caldwell, North Yorkshire\") and it was said that their preaching and talking became wearisome to the [Archbishop of York](/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_%28archbishop_of_York%29 \"Matthew Hutton (archbishop of York)\").Thomas Birch, *Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth*, vol. 2 (London, 1754\\), pp. 267, 285\\.\n\nHe appears to have been absent from Edinburgh from December 1596 to April or May 1597\\. In May 1597 he resigned his 'great charge' of St. Giles in order to admit of new parochial divisions of the city. In July he was permitted to return, and was chosen 'minister' of [Trinity College Church](/wiki/Trinity_College_Church \"Trinity College Church\"), to which he was admitted 18 April 1598\\.\nHe was the friend and companion of the [Rev. Robert Bruce](/wiki/Robert_Bruce_of_Kinnaird \"Robert Bruce of Kinnaird\"), and bribes were tendered him in vain to get him to 'fall away' from Bruce. On 10 September 1600 he was once more in difficulties, having been called before the privy council for doubting the truth of the [Gowrie conspiracy](/wiki/Gowrie_conspiracy \"Gowrie conspiracy\"). 'Transported' by the general assembly to some other parish, 16 May 1601, he was afterwards allowed to return to Trinity College (19 June), and he was in the general assembly of 1602\\. In conjunction with Robert Pont, he again took his stand at the cross, and publicly protested in name of the 'kirk' against the verdict of assize finding the brethren who met in [General Assembly of Aberdeen](/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Aberdeen \"General Assembly of Aberdeen\") guilty of [treason](/wiki/Treason \"Treason\"). Later, for condemning the proceedings of the general assembly in 1610 he was summoned before the [privy council](/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Scotland \"Privy Council of Scotland\") and admonished.\n\n### Final stages of ministry\n\nHe ceased preaching on 16 July 1616 from a disease in his teeth, and died 14 August 1617,*Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae*; by Hew Scott in the sixty\\-eighth year of his age and forty\\-third of his ministry.\n\n",
"### Early ministry\n\nThe earliest notice of Balcanquhall is that he was entered as 'minister of [St. Giles, Edinburgh](/wiki/St._Giles%27_Cathedral \"St. Giles' Cathedral\"),' on Whit Sunday 1574, with the descriptor that 'he was desyrit by other towns and large stipend promist,' but 'yet he consented to stay and accept what they pleased.' At this time he is described in [James Melville](/wiki/James_Melville_%281556%E2%80%931614%29 \"James Melville (1556–1614)\")'s 'Diary' (p. 41, [Wodrow Society](/wiki/Wodrow_Society \"Wodrow Society\")) as 'ane honest, upright hearted young man, latlie enterit to that menestrie of Edinbruche' \\[Edinburgh]. He was elected to the chaplaincy of the Altar called Jesus, 20 November 1579\\. Having preached a memorable sermon, mainly directed against the influence of the French at court, 7 December 1580, he was called before the privy council on 9 December. and 'discharged.' He attended the [Earl of Morton](/wiki/Earl_of_Morton \"Earl of Morton\") while in prison under condemnation, 2 June 1581\\.\n\n",
"### Opposition to the King\n\nWhen [James VI of Scotland](/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland \"James VI of Scotland\") devised his scheme of re\\-establishing 'the bishops' in Scotland, he found Balcanquhall, along with [James Lawson](/wiki/James_Lawson_%28minister%29 \"James Lawson (minister)\"), [Robert Pont](/wiki/Robert_Pont \"Robert Pont\"), and [Andrew Melville](/wiki/Andrew_Melville \"Andrew Melville\"), and their like\\-minded brethren, in active opposition. On the calling together of the estates of the realm in 1584, the king sent an imperative message to the magistrates of [Edinburgh](/wiki/Edinburgh \"Edinburgh\") 'to seize and imprison any of the ministers who should venture to speak against the proceedings of the parliament.' But Balcanquhall (along with James Lawson) preached fearlessly against the proposals; and along with Pont and others took his stand at the cross while the heralds proclaimed the acts passed by the subservient parliament, and publicly 'protested and took instruments' in the name of the 'kirk' of Scotland against them. The sermon was delivered on 24 May. A warrant was issued, and Balcanquhall and Lawson fled to [Berwick\\-on\\-Tweed](/wiki/Berwick-on-Tweed \"Berwick-on-Tweed\") (Melville, Diary, p. 119\\).\n\n",
"### Development of ministry\n\nThe storm blew over, though his house in [Parliament Square](/wiki/Parliament_Square \"Parliament Square\") was given to another in the interval. On his return to Edinburgh, a house formerly occupied by Durie was given to him (1585\\). On 2 January 1586 he preached before the king 'in the great kirk of Edinburgh' \\[St. Giles] when the sovereign 'after sermon rebuikit Mr. Walter publiclie from his seat in the loaft \\[gallery] and said he \\[the king] would prove there should be bishops and spirituall magistrats endued with authoritie over the minestrie; and that he \\[Balcanquhall] did not his dutie to condemn that which he had done in parliament' (Melville, Diary, p. 491\\).\nIn this year (1586\\) he is found one of eight to whom was committed the discipline of [Lothian](/wiki/Lothian \"Lothian\") by the general assembly. A larger house, which had been formerly occupied by his colleague Watson, was assigned to him 28 July 1587, and his stipend augmented. He was appointed to attend the coronation of [Anne of Denmark](/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark \"Anne of Denmark\") as [queen consort](/wiki/Queen_consort \"Queen consort\"), 17 May 1590\\. For some years he seems to have been wholly occupied with his pulpit and pastoral work.\n\n",
"### Further controversies\n\nIn 1596, however, his bold utterances again brought him into conflict with the sovereign; but a warrant having again been issued, again he escaped—this time to [Yorkshire](/wiki/Yorkshire \"Yorkshire\"), after being 'put to the horn' as a fugitive. Balcanquhall and other ministers including [Robert Bruce](/wiki/Robert_Bruce_of_Kinnaird \"Robert Bruce of Kinnaird\") went into exile in England at [Caldwell](/wiki/Caldwell%2C_North_Yorkshire \"Caldwell, North Yorkshire\") and it was said that their preaching and talking became wearisome to the [Archbishop of York](/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_%28archbishop_of_York%29 \"Matthew Hutton (archbishop of York)\").Thomas Birch, *Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth*, vol. 2 (London, 1754\\), pp. 267, 285\\.\n\nHe appears to have been absent from Edinburgh from December 1596 to April or May 1597\\. In May 1597 he resigned his 'great charge' of St. Giles in order to admit of new parochial divisions of the city. In July he was permitted to return, and was chosen 'minister' of [Trinity College Church](/wiki/Trinity_College_Church \"Trinity College Church\"), to which he was admitted 18 April 1598\\.\nHe was the friend and companion of the [Rev. Robert Bruce](/wiki/Robert_Bruce_of_Kinnaird \"Robert Bruce of Kinnaird\"), and bribes were tendered him in vain to get him to 'fall away' from Bruce. On 10 September 1600 he was once more in difficulties, having been called before the privy council for doubting the truth of the [Gowrie conspiracy](/wiki/Gowrie_conspiracy \"Gowrie conspiracy\"). 'Transported' by the general assembly to some other parish, 16 May 1601, he was afterwards allowed to return to Trinity College (19 June), and he was in the general assembly of 1602\\. In conjunction with Robert Pont, he again took his stand at the cross, and publicly protested in name of the 'kirk' against the verdict of assize finding the brethren who met in [General Assembly of Aberdeen](/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Aberdeen \"General Assembly of Aberdeen\") guilty of [treason](/wiki/Treason \"Treason\"). Later, for condemning the proceedings of the general assembly in 1610 he was summoned before the [privy council](/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Scotland \"Privy Council of Scotland\") and admonished.\n\n",
"### Final stages of ministry\n\nHe ceased preaching on 16 July 1616 from a disease in his teeth, and died 14 August 1617,*Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae*; by Hew Scott in the sixty\\-eighth year of his age and forty\\-third of his ministry.\n\n",
"Marriage and issue\n------------------\n\nHe married Katharine, daughter of [James Marjoribanks](/wiki/James_Marjoribanks_%2816th_century%29 \"James Marjoribanks (16th century)\"), merchant, in right of whom he entered burgess and guild\\-brother of \nthe city, 15 February 1591, and had issue:\n* Robert, minister of [Tranent](/wiki/Tranent \"Tranent\")\n* [Walter Balcanquhall](/wiki/Walter_Balcanquhall \"Walter Balcanquhall\"), D.D., Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, 1611, chaplain to James VI., Dean of Rochester 1624, Dean of Durham 1639, one of the executors of George Heriot, and author of the Statutes for the regulation of Heriot's Hospital, born 1586, died 25 December 1645\n* John\n* Samuel, baptised 11 January 1595\\-6\n* Katherine (married, pro. 30 September 1601, Nicol Udward, Dean of Guild, Edinburgh). Their daughter Christian Udwart married [Robert Inglis](/wiki/Robert_Inglis_%28merchant%29 \"Robert Inglis (merchant)\"),*The Visitation of London*, p. 1\\. a London\\-based merchant financier who worked as a London agent for the [Earl of Lothian](/wiki/William_Kerr%2C_1st_Earl_of_Lothian \"William Kerr, 1st Earl of Lothian\") and [Countess of Home](/wiki/Mary_Sutton%2C_Countess_of_Home \"Mary Sutton, Countess of Home\").Robert Wenley, 'William, Third Earl of Lothian: Covenanter and Collector', *Journal of the History of Collections*, vol. (1993\\), pp. 31\\-2\\.\n* Rachel (married, pro. 31 October 1605, John Makcubine, merchant, Edinburgh)\n* Sara\n* Margaret\n* Libra. (Edin. Com. Rec Dec, 20 November 1592\\-3\\)\n* Anna (G. R. Inhib., viii., 384\\)\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n* Edin. Counc, Guild, and Reg. (Bapt.)\n* Steven's Mem. of Heriot\n* Booke of the Kirk\n* Craufurd's Univ. Edin.\n* Melvill's Autob.\n",
"References\n----------\n\n### Citations\n\n### Sources\n\nAttribution\n\n[Category:1548 births](/wiki/Category:1548_births \"1548 births\")\n[Category:1617 deaths](/wiki/Category:1617_deaths \"1617 deaths\")\n[Category:Clergy from Fife](/wiki/Category:Clergy_from_Fife \"Clergy from Fife\")\n[Category:Scottish Calvinist and Reformed theologians](/wiki/Category:Scottish_Calvinist_and_Reformed_theologians \"Scottish Calvinist and Reformed theologians\")\n[Category:16th\\-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians](/wiki/Category:16th-century_Calvinist_and_Reformed_theologians \"16th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians\")\n[Category:16th\\-century ministers of the Church of Scotland](/wiki/Category:16th-century_ministers_of_the_Church_of_Scotland \"16th-century ministers of the Church of Scotland\")\n[Category:16th\\-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers](/wiki/Category:16th-century_Scottish_Presbyterian_ministers \"16th-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers\")\n[Category:17th\\-century ministers of the Church of Scotland](/wiki/Category:17th-century_ministers_of_the_Church_of_Scotland \"17th-century ministers of the Church of Scotland\")\n[Category:17th\\-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers](/wiki/Category:17th-century_Scottish_Presbyterian_ministers \"17th-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers\")\n\n",
"### Citations\n\n",
"### Sources\n\nAttribution\n\n[Category:1548 births](/wiki/Category:1548_births \"1548 births\")\n[Category:1617 deaths](/wiki/Category:1617_deaths \"1617 deaths\")\n[Category:Clergy from Fife](/wiki/Category:Clergy_from_Fife \"Clergy from Fife\")\n[Category:Scottish Calvinist and Reformed theologians](/wiki/Category:Scottish_Calvinist_and_Reformed_theologians \"Scottish Calvinist and Reformed theologians\")\n[Category:16th\\-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians](/wiki/Category:16th-century_Calvinist_and_Reformed_theologians \"16th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians\")\n[Category:16th\\-century ministers of the Church of Scotland](/wiki/Category:16th-century_ministers_of_the_Church_of_Scotland \"16th-century ministers of the Church of Scotland\")\n[Category:16th\\-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers](/wiki/Category:16th-century_Scottish_Presbyterian_ministers \"16th-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers\")\n[Category:17th\\-century ministers of the Church of Scotland](/wiki/Category:17th-century_ministers_of_the_Church_of_Scotland \"17th-century ministers of the Church of Scotland\")\n[Category:17th\\-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers](/wiki/Category:17th-century_Scottish_Presbyterian_ministers \"17th-century Scottish Presbyterian ministers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Niyangama
|
{
"id": [
15996738
],
"name": [
"BattyBot"
]
}
|
dzghpabuedritgqggvmyv3eulnw1het
|
2021-09-20T22:03:14Z
| 1,025,527,867 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Niyangama** is a village in [Sri Lanka](/wiki/Sri_Lanka \"Sri Lanka\"). It is located within [Central Province](/wiki/Central_Province%2C_Sri_Lanka \"Central Province, Sri Lanka\").\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka](/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Central_Province%2C_Sri_Lanka \"List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka\")\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Populated places in Central Province, Sri Lanka](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Central_Province%2C_Sri_Lanka \"Populated places in Central Province, Sri Lanka\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Steigenberger Parkhotel Düsseldorf
|
{
"id": [
39191556
],
"name": [
"SimLibrarian"
]
}
|
n6bl8z1at9u66ru9zycrlqo9kh9oy0b
|
2021-12-24T02:07:25Z
| 1,029,893,060 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Steigenberger",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Front at night](/wiki/File:Steigenberger_Parkhotel_D%C3%BCsseldorf%2C_vom_K%C3%B6-Bogen_aus_gesehen.jpg \"Steigenberger Parkhotel Düsseldorf, vom Kö-Bogen aus gesehen.jpg\")\n**Steigenberger Parkhotel Düsseldorf** (originally the **Parkhotel**) is a 5\\-Star [Steigenberger](/wiki/Steigenberger \"Steigenberger\") Hotel in [Düsseldorf](/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf \"Düsseldorf\"), [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\"), located on the city's famous [Königsallee](/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsallee \"Königsallee\") and next to the [Hofgarten](/wiki/Hofgarten_%28disambiguation%29 \"Hofgarten (disambiguation)\") and the [opera house](/wiki/Opera_house \"Opera house\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe Parkhotel was opened in 1902\\.\n\n",
"Steigenberger\n-------------\n\nThe hotel was bought by Steigenberger Hotels in 2004\\. The family\\-owned company was acquired in 2009 by Egyptian firm [Travco Group](/wiki/Travco_Group \"Travco Group\"), Travco maintains operating the hotel under the Steigenberger brand.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Breidenbacher Hof](/wiki/Breidenbacher_Hof \"Breidenbacher Hof\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official site](http://www.steigenberger.com/en/Duesseldorf/) \n\n[Category:Hotels in Düsseldorf](/wiki/Category:Hotels_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf \"Hotels in Düsseldorf\")\n[Category:1902 establishments in Germany](/wiki/Category:1902_establishments_in_Germany \"1902 establishments in Germany\")\n[Category:Hotel buildings completed in 1902](/wiki/Category:Hotel_buildings_completed_in_1902 \"Hotel buildings completed in 1902\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Vivek Sahai
|
{
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
}
|
odycojrlpakrktexyab6wubjd6pgmhf
|
2024-10-15T20:34:49Z
| 1,168,177,989 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Vivek Sahai** is a transportation and management expert in India. He is a 1973 batch [Indian Railway Traffic Service](/wiki/Indian_Railway_Traffic_Service \"Indian Railway Traffic Service\") officer. He was appointed as [Chairman Railway Board](/wiki/Chairman_Railway_Board_%28India%29 \"Chairman Railway Board (India)\") from 01\\-06\\-2010 to 30\\-06\\-2011 and ex\\-officio Principal Secretary to the Government of India. Additionally, he was the chairman at Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited, and served on the National Transport Development Policy Committee for the Government of India. In the past, he served as a Director of Coal India Limited from July 9, 2007, to August 20, 2008, and Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd until July 26, 2011\\. He has also served as Director at Pipavav Railway Corporation Limited.\n\nHe is particularly lauded for handling the Railways response to the Mumbai serial blasts in 2006 \n\nAfter retirement, he was recalled in 2013 to serve as an adviser to the railway minister to help steer large projects.\n\nSahai is a distinguished fellow at the [Observer Research Foundation](/wiki/Observer_Research_Foundation \"Observer Research Foundation\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Indian Railways officers](/wiki/Category:Indian_Railways_officers \"Indian Railways officers\")\n[Category:Chairpersons of the Railway Board](/wiki/Category:Chairpersons_of_the_Railway_Board \"Chairpersons of the Railway Board\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Ministry of Water Resources and Environment
|
{
"id": [
8766034
],
"name": [
"Chongkian"
]
}
|
fo79zi7dofukiffcfhds4eqv5uvokn6
|
2023-06-10T10:32:08Z
| 1,068,050,401 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Ministry of Water Resources and Environment",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"**Ministry of Water Resources and Environment** (, ) is the Algerian [Ministry](/wiki/Ministry_%28government_department%29 \"Ministry (government department)\") responsible for matters relating to [water](/wiki/Water \"Water\") within the [Algerian](/wiki/Algeria \"Algeria\") government. It is sometimes called \"MWR\", having its headquarters at [Kouba](/wiki/Kouba%2C_Algeria \"Kouba, Algeria\"), [Algiers](/wiki/Algiers \"Algiers\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Algerian Ministry of Water Resources, official website](http://www.mre.gov.dz) \n\n[Water Resources](/wiki/Category:Government_ministries_of_Algeria \"Government ministries of Algeria\")\n[Algeria](/wiki/Category:Environment_ministries \"Environment ministries\")\n[Algeria](/wiki/Category:Water_ministries \"Water ministries\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Strathcona Fiord
|
{
"id": [
12897086
],
"name": [
"IznoRepeat"
]
}
|
qsya44l6b43vgffkyqu1froos6zxgqw
|
2024-03-27T22:44:36Z
| 1,180,913,116 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Geography",
"Human activity",
"Coal",
"Paleontology",
"Pliocene fossils (3-5 million years old)",
"Eocene fossils (about 50 million years old)",
"Notes",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Strathcona Fiord** is a fiord on the west central coast of [Ellesmere Island](/wiki/Ellesmere_Island \"Ellesmere Island\"), the most northern island within the [Arctic Archipelago](/wiki/Arctic_Archipelago \"Arctic Archipelago\"), [Nunavut](/wiki/Nunavut \"Nunavut\"), Canada.\n\n",
"Geography\n---------\n\nStrathcona Fiord is a southern tributary of Bay Fiord. The landscape in the region is fragile and spectacular. The steep hills forming the sides of the valley rise about above sea level. The striking arc of a [terminal moraine](/wiki/Terminal_moraine \"Terminal moraine\") marks the limit of the last ice advance in the area. Taggart Lake running eastward of the moraine drains Upper and Lower Taggart lakes into the head of the fiord. The [Prince of Wales Icefield](/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Mountains \"Prince of Wales Mountains\") lies on the eastern flank of this valley.\n\n",
"Human activity\n--------------\n\nAlthough currently there is no permanent settlement in the Strathcona Fiord area, stone tent rings and other archaeological features indicate past human habitation. [Eureka](/wiki/Eureka%2C_Nunavut \"Eureka, Nunavut\"), about to the northwest, is a weather station and staging point for scientific expeditions and for other visitors to Ellesmere Island and the [Qikiqtaaluk Region](/wiki/Qikiqtaaluk_Region \"Qikiqtaaluk Region\"). [Grise Fiord](/wiki/Grise_Fiord \"Grise Fiord\") is an [Inuit](/wiki/Inuit \"Inuit\") community, located about to the south, also on Ellesmere Island.\n\nA parcel of land located south of the head of Strathcona Fiord is designated Inuit Owned Land. The area is sometimes visited by hunters from the nearest Inuit community, Grise Fiord.\n\n",
"Coal\n----\n\nA large portion of the Strathcona Fiord area lies within a coal license area, owned by Canadian Sovereign Coal Corporation, a subsidiary of Weststar Resources Corporation.[Canadian Sovereign Coal Corporation](http://www.weststarresources.com/s/NunavutCoal.asp) The coal property is governed by three coal exploration licenses covering an area of .[Strathcona Fiord Property](http://www.weststarresources.com/s/StrathconaFiord.asp) Coal deposits in the Strathcona Fiord area are ranked from [lignite](/wiki/Lignite \"Lignite\") to [sub\\-bituminous](/wiki/Sub-bituminous_coal \"Sub-bituminous coal\") and have been estimated to comprise roughly 1 billion tonnes.Kalkreuth, McIntyre, Richardson 1993\n\nIn January 2010, when the [paleontological](/wiki/Paleontology \"Paleontology\") scientific community learned of Weststar's interest in exploring this area the [Society of Vertebrate Paleontology](/wiki/Society_of_Vertebrate_Paleontology \"Society of Vertebrate Paleontology\") issued a press release outlining the need to preserve the fossils in the area,[Concern Over Possible Loss of Fossil Resources](http://vertpaleo.org/The-Society/Statements-and-Guidelines/Concern-Over-Possible-Loss-of-Fossil-Resources.aspx) Within four days the Nunavut Impact Review Board received over 70 letters of concern from paleontologists and the public alike.\n\n",
"Paleontology\n------------\n\nThe vicinity of Strathcona Fiord has yielded a fossil record of tremendous international scientific significance. These [fossils](/wiki/Fossil \"Fossil\"), including plant and animal remains, have provided a unique opportunity for understanding the effect of [climatic change](/wiki/Global_warming \"Global warming\") through the past 4 or 5 million years on the [Arctic](/wiki/Arctic \"Arctic\") environment, and on its flora and fauna.\n\n### Pliocene fossils (3\\-5 million years old)\n\nThe only [Pliocene](/wiki/Pliocene \"Pliocene\") High Arctic [vertebrate fossil](/wiki/Vertebrate_paleontology \"Vertebrate paleontology\") locality known is the Beaver Pond site at Strathcona Fiord. The Beaver Pond site was first noted by John Fyles of the [Geological Survey of Canada](/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_Canada \"Geological Survey of Canada\") in 1961\\. In 1988 he found the first [vertebrate](/wiki/Vertebrate \"Vertebrate\") remains there. In 1992 vertebrate paleontologist, [Richard Harington](/wiki/Charles_Richard_Harington \"Charles Richard Harington\") of the [Canadian Museum of Nature](/wiki/Canadian_Museum_of_Nature \"Canadian Museum of Nature\"), began ten summers of excavations at the site.\n\nThis fossil site includes the mummified remains of [fossil plants](/wiki/Paleobotany \"Paleobotany\"), including trees such as an extinct [larch](/wiki/Larch \"Larch\") (*Larix groenlandii*) and other trees indicative of a [boreal forest](/wiki/Taiga \"Taiga\").Matthews, Fyles 2000 Much of the wood preserved at the site has been gnawed by beaversRybczynski 2008 and some of it is fire\\-blackened. This exceptional site also has yielded remains of pollen, insects, mollusks, fish (a [percid](/wiki/Percidae \"Percidae\")), frogs and mammals such as an unusual rodent, a deerlet (*Boreameryx*), [3\\-toed horse](/wiki/Evolution_of_the_horse \"Evolution of the horse\"), an [extinct beaver](/wiki/Castoridae \"Castoridae\") (*Dipoides*), a rabbit (*[Hypolagus](/wiki/Hypolagus \"Hypolagus\")*), an unusual shrew (*Arctisorex polaris*), a primitive [black bear](/wiki/American_black_bear \"American black bear\") (*Ursus abstrusus*), a badger (*Arctomeles*), and several other carnivores.Harington 1997Harington 2001Hulbert, Harington 1999Tedford, Harington 2003Zakrzewski, Harington 2001Hutchison, Harington 2002Dawson, Harington 2007Murray, Cumbaa, Harington, Smith, Rybczynski 2009\n\nPaleoclimatic reconstruction suggests a mean annual temperature that was warmer than present day Ellesmere Island.Ballantyne, Greenwood, Damste, Csank, Eberle \\& Rybczynski 2010 The assemblage of Pliocene plant [macrofossils](/wiki/Macrofossil \"Macrofossil\") (wood, leaves, cones and seeds) is typical of present\\-day boreal forest, as it includes [alder](/wiki/Alder \"Alder\") (*Alnus*), [birch](/wiki/Birch \"Birch\") (*Betula*), [bogbean](/wiki/Menyanthes \"Menyanthes\") (*Menyanthes trifoliata*), [larch](/wiki/Larch \"Larch\") (*Larix*), [sweet gale](/wiki/Myrica_gale \"Myrica gale\") (*Myrica gale*), [spruce](/wiki/Spruce \"Spruce\") (*Picea*), [pine](/wiki/Pine \"Pine\") (*Pinus*), and [lingonberry](/wiki/Vaccinium_vitis-idaea \"Vaccinium vitis-idaea\") (*Vaccinium vitis\\-idaea*), as well as the southern boreal tree, the [white cedar](/wiki/Thuja_occidentalis \"Thuja occidentalis\") (*Thuja occidentalis*).Matthews, Ovenden 1990\n\n### Eocene fossils (about 50 million years old)\n\nThe first High Arctic terrestrial fossil vertebrates were discovered in 1975, in the Strathcona Fiord by a team led by [Mary R. Dawson](/wiki/Mary_R._Dawson \"Mary R. Dawson\") from the [Carnegie Museum](/wiki/Carnegie_Museum_of_Natural_History \"Carnegie Museum of Natural History\"). These earliest finds include the fossil remains of an alligator, considered to be *[Allognathosuchus](/wiki/Allognathosuchus \"Allognathosuchus\")*, and also small arboreal mammals called *plagiomenids*. Since then, field expeditions in Strathcona Fiord have yielded a much more complete picture of the [biodiversity](/wiki/Biodiversity \"Biodiversity\") of the [Eocene](/wiki/Eocene \"Eocene\") Arctic. Although, Eocene fossil vertebrates are known from other areas on Ellesmere Island (e.g., Stenkul Fiord), and [Axel Heiberg Island](/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island \"Axel Heiberg Island\"), Strathcona Fiord has yielded the richest vertebrate fossil record.\n\nThe fossil vertebrate record of the Eocene Arctic includes giant tortoises, [varanid](/wiki/Monitor_lizard \"Monitor lizard\") lizards, and [boid](/wiki/Boidae \"Boidae\") snakes.Estes, Hutchison 1980 Mammal fossils are extremely diverse, including the rhino\\-like [brontotheres](/wiki/Brontotheriidae \"Brontotheriidae\"), the hippo\\-like *[Coryphodon](/wiki/Coryphodon \"Coryphodon\")*, a [tapir](/wiki/Tapiroidea \"Tapiroidea\") like relative (*Thuliadanta*), an early horse (*[Hyracotherium](/wiki/Hyracotherium \"Hyracotherium\")*?), carnivores (e.g., *[Viverravus](/wiki/Viverravidae \"Viverravidae\")*, *[Miacis](/wiki/Miacis \"Miacis\")*), meat\\-eating [creodonts](/wiki/Creodonta \"Creodonta\") (e.g. *Paaeonictis*), a [mesonychid](/wiki/Mesonychidae \"Mesonychidae\") (*[Pachyaena](/wiki/Pachyaena \"Pachyaena\")*), a small swimming carnivore (*[Pantolestid](/wiki/Pantolestidae \"Pantolestidae\")*), a [leptictid](/wiki/Leptictidium \"Leptictidium\") and at least five rodents (including *[Paramys](/wiki/Paramys \"Paramys\")* and *Microparamys*).Eberle, McKenna 2002Dawson 1991Eberle 2004 There are over 40 fossil vertebrate sites in the Strathcona Fiord region.\n\nThere are numerous Eocene plant fossil sites, including [shale](/wiki/Shale \"Shale\") units that are rich with leaves as [compression fossils](/wiki/Compression_fossil \"Compression fossil\").Hickey, West, Dawson, Choi 1983Basinger, Greenwood, Sweda 1994McIver, Basinger 1999 Very notable are the [petrified](/wiki/Petrifaction \"Petrifaction\") tree stumps, some of which are preserved in their original growth position. The trees show wide [growth rings](/wiki/Dendrochronology%23Growth_rings \"Dendrochronology#Growth rings\") indicating favorable growth conditions.Francis 1988 The fossil flora indicates the presence of rich floodplain forests dominated by dawn redwood (*[Metasequoia glyptostroboides](/wiki/Metasequoia_glyptostroboides \"Metasequoia glyptostroboides\")*), together with [ginkgo](/wiki/Ginkgo \"Ginkgo\") (*Ginkgo adiantoides*), walnut family (*[Juglans](/wiki/Juglans \"Juglans\")* and other [Juglandaceae](/wiki/Juglandaceae \"Juglandaceae\")), elms (*[Ulmus](/wiki/Elm \"Elm\")* spp.), birch and alder ([Betulaceae](/wiki/Betulaceae \"Betulaceae\")), and katsura (*[Cercidiphyllum](/wiki/Cercidiphyllum \"Cercidiphyllum\")*). Analysis of nearby fossil leaf sites from central Ellesmere Island of the same age indicate that these forests grew under very high rainfall, and can be considered to have represented a polar rainforest.Greenwood, Basinger, Smith 2010\n\nThis lush Eocene ecosystem thrived under a polar light regime. Like today, the region would have seen [24\\-hour sun](/wiki/Midnight_sun \"Midnight sun\") in the summer and [24\\-hour darkness](/wiki/Polar_night \"Polar night\") in the winter as it was positioned at almost the same latitude in the Eocene as it is today. Despite an [early Eocene](/wiki/Ypresian \"Ypresian\") climate with generally mild frost\\-free temperatures, the polar light regime likely forced these plants to be deciduous.\n\n",
"### Pliocene fossils (3\\-5 million years old)\n\nThe only [Pliocene](/wiki/Pliocene \"Pliocene\") High Arctic [vertebrate fossil](/wiki/Vertebrate_paleontology \"Vertebrate paleontology\") locality known is the Beaver Pond site at Strathcona Fiord. The Beaver Pond site was first noted by John Fyles of the [Geological Survey of Canada](/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_Canada \"Geological Survey of Canada\") in 1961\\. In 1988 he found the first [vertebrate](/wiki/Vertebrate \"Vertebrate\") remains there. In 1992 vertebrate paleontologist, [Richard Harington](/wiki/Charles_Richard_Harington \"Charles Richard Harington\") of the [Canadian Museum of Nature](/wiki/Canadian_Museum_of_Nature \"Canadian Museum of Nature\"), began ten summers of excavations at the site.\n\nThis fossil site includes the mummified remains of [fossil plants](/wiki/Paleobotany \"Paleobotany\"), including trees such as an extinct [larch](/wiki/Larch \"Larch\") (*Larix groenlandii*) and other trees indicative of a [boreal forest](/wiki/Taiga \"Taiga\").Matthews, Fyles 2000 Much of the wood preserved at the site has been gnawed by beaversRybczynski 2008 and some of it is fire\\-blackened. This exceptional site also has yielded remains of pollen, insects, mollusks, fish (a [percid](/wiki/Percidae \"Percidae\")), frogs and mammals such as an unusual rodent, a deerlet (*Boreameryx*), [3\\-toed horse](/wiki/Evolution_of_the_horse \"Evolution of the horse\"), an [extinct beaver](/wiki/Castoridae \"Castoridae\") (*Dipoides*), a rabbit (*[Hypolagus](/wiki/Hypolagus \"Hypolagus\")*), an unusual shrew (*Arctisorex polaris*), a primitive [black bear](/wiki/American_black_bear \"American black bear\") (*Ursus abstrusus*), a badger (*Arctomeles*), and several other carnivores.Harington 1997Harington 2001Hulbert, Harington 1999Tedford, Harington 2003Zakrzewski, Harington 2001Hutchison, Harington 2002Dawson, Harington 2007Murray, Cumbaa, Harington, Smith, Rybczynski 2009\n\nPaleoclimatic reconstruction suggests a mean annual temperature that was warmer than present day Ellesmere Island.Ballantyne, Greenwood, Damste, Csank, Eberle \\& Rybczynski 2010 The assemblage of Pliocene plant [macrofossils](/wiki/Macrofossil \"Macrofossil\") (wood, leaves, cones and seeds) is typical of present\\-day boreal forest, as it includes [alder](/wiki/Alder \"Alder\") (*Alnus*), [birch](/wiki/Birch \"Birch\") (*Betula*), [bogbean](/wiki/Menyanthes \"Menyanthes\") (*Menyanthes trifoliata*), [larch](/wiki/Larch \"Larch\") (*Larix*), [sweet gale](/wiki/Myrica_gale \"Myrica gale\") (*Myrica gale*), [spruce](/wiki/Spruce \"Spruce\") (*Picea*), [pine](/wiki/Pine \"Pine\") (*Pinus*), and [lingonberry](/wiki/Vaccinium_vitis-idaea \"Vaccinium vitis-idaea\") (*Vaccinium vitis\\-idaea*), as well as the southern boreal tree, the [white cedar](/wiki/Thuja_occidentalis \"Thuja occidentalis\") (*Thuja occidentalis*).Matthews, Ovenden 1990\n\n",
"### Eocene fossils (about 50 million years old)\n\nThe first High Arctic terrestrial fossil vertebrates were discovered in 1975, in the Strathcona Fiord by a team led by [Mary R. Dawson](/wiki/Mary_R._Dawson \"Mary R. Dawson\") from the [Carnegie Museum](/wiki/Carnegie_Museum_of_Natural_History \"Carnegie Museum of Natural History\"). These earliest finds include the fossil remains of an alligator, considered to be *[Allognathosuchus](/wiki/Allognathosuchus \"Allognathosuchus\")*, and also small arboreal mammals called *plagiomenids*. Since then, field expeditions in Strathcona Fiord have yielded a much more complete picture of the [biodiversity](/wiki/Biodiversity \"Biodiversity\") of the [Eocene](/wiki/Eocene \"Eocene\") Arctic. Although, Eocene fossil vertebrates are known from other areas on Ellesmere Island (e.g., Stenkul Fiord), and [Axel Heiberg Island](/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island \"Axel Heiberg Island\"), Strathcona Fiord has yielded the richest vertebrate fossil record.\n\nThe fossil vertebrate record of the Eocene Arctic includes giant tortoises, [varanid](/wiki/Monitor_lizard \"Monitor lizard\") lizards, and [boid](/wiki/Boidae \"Boidae\") snakes.Estes, Hutchison 1980 Mammal fossils are extremely diverse, including the rhino\\-like [brontotheres](/wiki/Brontotheriidae \"Brontotheriidae\"), the hippo\\-like *[Coryphodon](/wiki/Coryphodon \"Coryphodon\")*, a [tapir](/wiki/Tapiroidea \"Tapiroidea\") like relative (*Thuliadanta*), an early horse (*[Hyracotherium](/wiki/Hyracotherium \"Hyracotherium\")*?), carnivores (e.g., *[Viverravus](/wiki/Viverravidae \"Viverravidae\")*, *[Miacis](/wiki/Miacis \"Miacis\")*), meat\\-eating [creodonts](/wiki/Creodonta \"Creodonta\") (e.g. *Paaeonictis*), a [mesonychid](/wiki/Mesonychidae \"Mesonychidae\") (*[Pachyaena](/wiki/Pachyaena \"Pachyaena\")*), a small swimming carnivore (*[Pantolestid](/wiki/Pantolestidae \"Pantolestidae\")*), a [leptictid](/wiki/Leptictidium \"Leptictidium\") and at least five rodents (including *[Paramys](/wiki/Paramys \"Paramys\")* and *Microparamys*).Eberle, McKenna 2002Dawson 1991Eberle 2004 There are over 40 fossil vertebrate sites in the Strathcona Fiord region.\n\nThere are numerous Eocene plant fossil sites, including [shale](/wiki/Shale \"Shale\") units that are rich with leaves as [compression fossils](/wiki/Compression_fossil \"Compression fossil\").Hickey, West, Dawson, Choi 1983Basinger, Greenwood, Sweda 1994McIver, Basinger 1999 Very notable are the [petrified](/wiki/Petrifaction \"Petrifaction\") tree stumps, some of which are preserved in their original growth position. The trees show wide [growth rings](/wiki/Dendrochronology%23Growth_rings \"Dendrochronology#Growth rings\") indicating favorable growth conditions.Francis 1988 The fossil flora indicates the presence of rich floodplain forests dominated by dawn redwood (*[Metasequoia glyptostroboides](/wiki/Metasequoia_glyptostroboides \"Metasequoia glyptostroboides\")*), together with [ginkgo](/wiki/Ginkgo \"Ginkgo\") (*Ginkgo adiantoides*), walnut family (*[Juglans](/wiki/Juglans \"Juglans\")* and other [Juglandaceae](/wiki/Juglandaceae \"Juglandaceae\")), elms (*[Ulmus](/wiki/Elm \"Elm\")* spp.), birch and alder ([Betulaceae](/wiki/Betulaceae \"Betulaceae\")), and katsura (*[Cercidiphyllum](/wiki/Cercidiphyllum \"Cercidiphyllum\")*). Analysis of nearby fossil leaf sites from central Ellesmere Island of the same age indicate that these forests grew under very high rainfall, and can be considered to have represented a polar rainforest.Greenwood, Basinger, Smith 2010\n\nThis lush Eocene ecosystem thrived under a polar light regime. Like today, the region would have seen [24\\-hour sun](/wiki/Midnight_sun \"Midnight sun\") in the summer and [24\\-hour darkness](/wiki/Polar_night \"Polar night\") in the winter as it was positioned at almost the same latitude in the Eocene as it is today. Despite an [early Eocene](/wiki/Ypresian \"Ypresian\") climate with generally mild frost\\-free temperatures, the polar light regime likely forced these plants to be deciduous.\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Fjords of Qikiqtaaluk Region](/wiki/Category:Fjords_of_Qikiqtaaluk_Region \"Fjords of Qikiqtaaluk Region\")\n[Category:Canadian Arctic Archipelago](/wiki/Category:Canadian_Arctic_Archipelago \"Canadian Arctic Archipelago\")\n[Category:Ellesmere Island](/wiki/Category:Ellesmere_Island \"Ellesmere Island\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Millsdale station
|
{
"id": [
46058995
],
"name": [
"The Sharpest Lives"
]
}
|
3i5npczmryuyamzldnjahjb9a780gxg
|
2024-07-29T01:53:21Z
| 1,159,853,660 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Millsdale station** was an [Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway](/wiki/Atchison%2C_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway \"Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway\") station in the [ghost town](/wiki/Ghost_town \"Ghost town\") of [Millsdale, Illinois](/wiki/Millsdale%2C_Illinois \"Millsdale, Illinois\"). It was located on the east bank of the [Des Plaines River](/wiki/Des_Plaines_River \"Des Plaines River\"),[Along Your Way Santa Fe Railway 1946](http://www.titchenal.com/atsf/ayw1946/chicago.html). Retrieved February 5, 2011 and had two tracks passing through. The station is on the [BNSF](/wiki/BNSF \"BNSF\") [Chillicothe Subdivision](/wiki/Chillicothe_Subdivision \"Chillicothe Subdivision\") and freight trains still pass by the site of the former depot.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway stations](/wiki/Category:Former_Atchison%2C_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway_stations \"Former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway stations\")\n[Category:Former railway stations in Illinois](/wiki/Category:Former_railway_stations_in_Illinois \"Former railway stations in Illinois\")\n[Category:Railway stations in Will County, Illinois](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Will_County%2C_Illinois \"Railway stations in Will County, Illinois\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Matt Murray (Scottish footballer)
|
{
"id": [
1005449
],
"name": [
"GiantSnowman"
]
}
|
koknirjaxc90jc0lh5xe0jm0ntmranx
|
2024-06-15T19:11:13Z
| 1,164,311,205 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Matthew Murray** (25 December 1929 – 28 April 2016\\) was a Scottish [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") [outside forward](/wiki/Outside_forward \"Outside forward\") who played in the [Scottish League](/wiki/Scottish_Football_League \"Scottish Football League\") for [Kilmarnock](/wiki/Kilmarnock_F.C. \"Kilmarnock F.C.\"), [Queen's Park](/wiki/Queen%27s_Park_F.C. \"Queen's Park F.C.\"), [Ayr United](/wiki/Ayr_United_F.C. \"Ayr United F.C.\"), [Morton](/wiki/Greenock_Morton_F.C. \"Greenock Morton F.C.\") and [St Mirren](/wiki/St_Mirren_F.C. \"St Mirren F.C.\"). He was capped by [Scotland Amateurs](/wiki/Scotland_national_amateur_football_team \"Scotland national amateur football team\") and [Great Britain](/wiki/Great_Britain_men%27s_Olympic_football_team \"Great Britain men's Olympic football team\"). Murray also played in the [Football League](/wiki/Football_League \"Football League\") for [Barrow](/wiki/Barrow_A.F.C. \"Barrow A.F.C.\") and [Carlisle United](/wiki/Carlisle_United_F.C. \"Carlisle United F.C.\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1929 births](/wiki/Category:1929_births \"1929 births\")\n[Category:2016 deaths](/wiki/Category:2016_deaths \"2016 deaths\")\n[Category:Men's association football wingers](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_wingers \"Men's association football wingers\")\n[Category:Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Paisley%2C_Renfrewshire \"Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire\")\n[Category:Scottish men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Scottish_men%27s_footballers \"Scottish men's footballers\")\n[Category:Queen's Park F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Queen%27s_Park_F.C._players \"Queen's Park F.C. players\")\n[Category:Kilmarnock F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Kilmarnock_F.C._players \"Kilmarnock F.C. players\")\n[Category:Ayr United F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Ayr_United_F.C._players \"Ayr United F.C. players\")\n[Category:St Mirren F.C. players](/wiki/Category:St_Mirren_F.C._players \"St Mirren F.C. players\")\n[Category:Barrow A.F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Barrow_A.F.C._players \"Barrow A.F.C. players\")\n[Category:Carlisle United F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Carlisle_United_F.C._players \"Carlisle United F.C. players\")\n[Category:Greenock Morton F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Greenock_Morton_F.C._players \"Greenock Morton F.C. players\")\n[Category:Scottish Football League players](/wiki/Category:Scottish_Football_League_players \"Scottish Football League players\")\n[Category:English Football League players](/wiki/Category:English_Football_League_players \"English Football League players\")\n[Category:Scotland men's amateur international footballers](/wiki/Category:Scotland_men%27s_amateur_international_footballers \"Scotland men's amateur international footballers\")\n[Category:Camelon Juniors F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Camelon_Juniors_F.C._players \"Camelon Juniors F.C. players\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Total Beauty Media
|
{
"id": [
48407603
],
"name": [
"Chutidise"
]
}
|
gxwksv08alqxgz6942f07pos7aa43jo
|
2024-09-08T05:00:42Z
| 1,166,406,999 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Total Beauty Media",
"History",
"Growth",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"**Total Beauty Media**, based in [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\"), operates totalbeauty.com, which provides beauty tips, news, reviews, and reporting on [beauty industry](/wiki/Cosmetic_industry \"Cosmetic industry\") trends.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe company was founded in 2007 by Emrah Kovacoglu, a former [Procter \\& Gamble](/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble \"Procter & Gamble\") digital media executive. Kovacoglu’s vision was to create an online destination where women could learn about and review cosmetic products, thereby attracting advertisers from the beauty industry. By February 2008, the company raised $10 million from Wallington Investments and [U.S. Venture Partners](/wiki/U.S._Venture_Partners \"U.S. Venture Partners\").\n\n",
"Growth\n------\n\nThe business operates several key online platforms, including BeautyRiot and ModernMan. As part of its growth strategy, Total Beauty Media acquired LimeLife, a women's lifestyle portal in August 2010\\. It launched a web show in 2012\\.\n\nIn March 2015, the company was acquired by Evolve Media.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official Website](https://www.totalbeauty.com/)\n* [Fashion Accessories](https://honeyready.com/)\n\n[Category:Online publishing companies of the United States](/wiki/Category:Online_publishing_companies_of_the_United_States \"Online publishing companies of the United States\")\n[Category:Beauty organisations](/wiki/Category:Beauty_organisations \"Beauty organisations\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Hexose phosphate uptake
|
{
"id": [
1456683
],
"name": [
"Pepperbeast"
]
}
|
gzxbqhkqgwtic6jkatm06anykkca484
|
2021-08-11T23:54:50Z
| 1,034,777,075 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Protein components",
"Functionality",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"The **Uptake of Hexose Phosphates** (Uhp) is a [protein](/wiki/Protein \"Protein\") system found in [bacteria](/wiki/Bacteria \"Bacteria\"). It is a type of two\\-component [sensory transduction](/wiki/Sensory_transduction \"Sensory transduction\") pathway which helps bacteria react to their environment.\n\n",
"Protein components\n------------------\n\nThe uhp system is composed of UhpA, UhpB, UhpC, and UhpT. UhpB and UhpC are both [transmembrane proteins](/wiki/Transmembrane_protein \"Transmembrane protein\") which form a complex with each other. UhpA is a [signal protein](/wiki/Signal_protein \"Signal protein\") found in the [cytoplasm](/wiki/Cytoplasm \"Cytoplasm\"). UhpT is a [transporter protein](/wiki/Transporter_protein \"Transporter protein\") which facilitates the uptake of [phosphorylated](/wiki/Phosphorylated \"Phosphorylated\") [hexose](/wiki/Hexose \"Hexose\") [molecules](/wiki/Molecules \"Molecules\") into the [cell](/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29 \"Cell (biology)\").\n\n",
"Functionality\n-------------\n\nThe Uhp system uptakes phosphorylated hexose [sugars](/wiki/Sugar \"Sugar\") into bacteria. The system is triggered by phosphorylated hexose sugars on the outside of the cell. UhpC binds to the phosphorylated hexose, which allows the phosphorylation of UhpB on one of its [cytoplasmic](/wiki/Cytoplasm \"Cytoplasm\") [histidines](/wiki/Histidine \"Histidine\"). This facilitates the phosphorylation of an [aspartate](/wiki/Aspartate \"Aspartate\") on UhpA, and the phosphorylated UhpA activates the [transcription](/wiki/Transcription_%28biology%29 \"Transcription (biology)\") of UhpT. UhpT then facilitates the transport of the phosphorylated hexose sugars into the cell.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Bacterial proteins](/wiki/Category:Bacterial_proteins \"Bacterial proteins\")\n\n"
]
}
|
2011 Iowa Hawkeyes football team
|
{
"id": [
17781515
],
"name": [
"Chewsterchew"
]
}
|
3urpovgoft7by54j691rpik84x2qc55
|
2024-09-25T22:01:15Z
| 1,238,208,173 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Schedule",
"Roster",
"Regular season",
"Tennessee Tech",
"At Iowa State",
"At Pittsburgh",
"Louisiana–Monroe",
"At Penn State",
"Northwestern",
"Indiana",
"At Minnesota",
"Michigan",
"Michigan State",
"At Purdue",
"At Nebraska",
"Vs. Oklahoma (Insight Bowl)",
"Postseason awards",
"Players in the 2012 NFL Draft",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **2011 Iowa Hawkeyes football team** represented the [University of Iowa](/wiki/University_of_Iowa \"University of Iowa\") in the [2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season](/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season \"2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season\"). The Hawkeyes were led by head coach [Kirk Ferentz](/wiki/Kirk_Ferentz \"Kirk Ferentz\"), who was in his 13th season, and played their homes games at Kinnick Stadium in [Iowa City, Iowa](/wiki/Iowa_City%2C_Iowa \"Iowa City, Iowa\"). They are member of the Legends Division of the [Big Ten Conference](/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference \"Big Ten Conference\"). They finished the season 7–6 overall and 4–4 in [Big Ten Conference](/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference \"Big Ten Conference\") play to finish in fourth place in the Legends Division. They were invited to the [Insight Bowl](/wiki/2011_Insight_Bowl \"2011 Insight Bowl\"), for the second consecutive year, where they were defeated by [Oklahoma](/wiki/2011_Oklahoma_Sooners_football_team \"2011 Oklahoma Sooners football team\"), 31–14\\.\n\n",
"Schedule\n--------\n\n",
"Roster\n------\n\n* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * + \n",
"Regular season\n--------------\n\n### Tennessee Tech\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3005)\n\n*Honorary Captain: [Brad Banks](/wiki/Brad_Banks \"Brad Banks\")*[Banks Named Honorary Captain](http://www.hawkeyesports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/090111aab.html) HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved December 12, 2011\\.\n\n### At Iowa State\n\n### At Pittsburgh\n\n### Louisiana–Monroe\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3008)\n\n### At Penn State\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3009)\n\n### Northwestern\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3010)\n\n[Northwestern at Iowa Recap](https://web.archive.org/web/20180908130906/http://www.espn.com/college-football/recap?gameId=312882294)\n\n### Indiana\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3011)\n\n### At Minnesota\n\n### Michigan\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3013)\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n### Michigan State\n\n### At Purdue\n\n### At Nebraska\n\n### Vs. Oklahoma (Insight Bowl)\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](http://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3017&path=football)\n\n",
"### Tennessee Tech\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3005)\n\n*Honorary Captain: [Brad Banks](/wiki/Brad_Banks \"Brad Banks\")*[Banks Named Honorary Captain](http://www.hawkeyesports.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/090111aab.html) HawkeyeSports.com. Retrieved December 12, 2011\\.\n\n",
"### At Iowa State\n\n",
"### At Pittsburgh\n\n",
"### Louisiana–Monroe\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3008)\n\n",
"### At Penn State\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3009)\n\n",
"### Northwestern\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3010)\n\n[Northwestern at Iowa Recap](https://web.archive.org/web/20180908130906/http://www.espn.com/college-football/recap?gameId=312882294)\n\n",
"### Indiana\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3011)\n\n",
"### At Minnesota\n\n",
"### Michigan\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](https://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3013)\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n",
"### Michigan State\n\n",
"### At Purdue\n\n",
"### At Nebraska\n\n",
"### Vs. Oklahoma (Insight Bowl)\n\n* **Source**: [Box Score](http://hawkeyesports.com/boxscore.aspx?id=3017&path=football)\n\n",
"Postseason awards\n-----------------\n\n* **[Marvin McNutt](/wiki/Marvin_McNutt \"Marvin McNutt\")** \\- [Big Ten Wide Receiver of the Year](/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference_football_individual_awards \"Big Ten Conference football individual awards\")\n* **[Riley Reiff](/wiki/Riley_Reiff \"Riley Reiff\")** \\- First\\-team All\\-American (Pro Football Writers)\n\n",
"Players in the 2012 NFL Draft\n-----------------------------\n\n| [Riley Reiff](/wiki/Riley_Reiff \"Riley Reiff\") | Offensive Tackle | 1 | 23 | [Detroit Lions](/wiki/2012_Detroit_Lions_season \"2012 Detroit Lions season\") | |\n| [Mike Daniels](/wiki/Mike_Daniels_%28American_football%29 \"Mike Daniels (American football)\") | Defensive tackle | 4 | 132 | [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/2012_Green_Bay_Packers_season \"2012 Green Bay Packers season\") | |\n| [Adam Gettis](/wiki/Adam_Gettis \"Adam Gettis\") | Offensive Guard | 5 | 141 | [Washington Redskins](/wiki/2012_Washington_Redskins_season \"2012 Washington Redskins season\") | |\n| [Shaun Prater](/wiki/Shaun_Prater \"Shaun Prater\") | Cornerback | 5 | 156 | [Cincinnati Bengals](/wiki/2012_Cincinnati_Bengals_season \"2012 Cincinnati Bengals season\") | |\n| [Marvin McNutt](/wiki/Marvin_McNutt \"Marvin McNutt\") | Wide receiver | 6 | 194 | [Philadelphia Eagles](/wiki/2012_Philadelphia_Eagles_season \"2012 Philadelphia Eagles season\") | |\n| [Jordan Bernstine](/wiki/Jordan_Bernstine \"Jordan Bernstine\") | Cornerback | 7 | 217 | [Washington Redskins](/wiki/2012_Washington_Redskins_season \"2012 Washington Redskins season\") | |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Iowa](/wiki/Category:2011_Big_Ten_Conference_football_season \"2011 Big Ten Conference football season\")\n[Category:Iowa Hawkeyes football seasons](/wiki/Category:Iowa_Hawkeyes_football_seasons \"Iowa Hawkeyes football seasons\")\n[Iowa Hawkeyes football](/wiki/Category:2011_in_sports_in_Iowa \"2011 in sports in Iowa\")\n\n"
]
}
|
2011 Open 13 – Singles Qualifying
|
{
"id": [
19993129
],
"name": [
"Adamtt9"
]
}
|
0rhd6207sfk8r9nd52te5rb87ndxzjs
|
2023-04-16T09:16:16Z
| 1,130,203,871 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Players",
"Seeds",
"Qualifiers",
"Qualifying draw",
"First qualifier",
"Second qualifier",
"Third qualifier",
"Fourth qualifier",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThis article displays the qualifying draw of the [2011 Open 13](/wiki/2011_Open_13 \"2011 Open 13\").\n\n",
"Players\n-------\n\n### Seeds\n\n1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. \n\n### Qualifiers\n\n1. 1. 1. 1. \n",
"### Seeds\n\n1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. \n",
"### Qualifiers\n\n1. 1. 1. 1. \n",
"Qualifying draw\n---------------\n\n### First qualifier\n\n### Second qualifier\n\n### Third qualifier\n\n### Fourth qualifier\n\n",
"### First qualifier\n\n",
"### Second qualifier\n\n",
"### Third qualifier\n\n",
"### Fourth qualifier\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* [Qualifying Draw](http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2011/496/qs.pdf)\n\n[2011 \\- qualifying](/wiki/Category:Open_13 \"Open 13\")\n[Open 13 \\- qualifying](/wiki/Category:2011_ATP_World_Tour \"2011 ATP World Tour\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Carne de presidio
|
{
"id": [
36112485
],
"name": [
"Sc2353"
]
}
|
74qcarumydnfyhrgzvhdxpt03rtmxlj
|
2024-10-07T04:24:46Z
| 1,222,813,257 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n***Carne de presidio*** (English: *Meat in Prison*) is a [1952](/wiki/Mexican_films_of_1952 \"Mexican films of 1952\") [Mexican](/wiki/Mexico \"Mexico\") [film](/wiki/Film \"Film\"). It was written by [Luis Alcoriza](/wiki/Luis_Alcoriza \"Luis Alcoriza\").\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1952 films](/wiki/Category:1952_films \"1952 films\")\n[Category:1950s prison films](/wiki/Category:1950s_prison_films \"1950s prison films\")\n[Category:1950s Spanish\\-language films](/wiki/Category:1950s_Spanish-language_films \"1950s Spanish-language films\")\n[Category:Mexican crime drama films](/wiki/Category:Mexican_crime_drama_films \"Mexican crime drama films\")\n[Category:1952 crime drama films](/wiki/Category:1952_crime_drama_films \"1952 crime drama films\")\n[Category:Mexican black\\-and\\-white films](/wiki/Category:Mexican_black-and-white_films \"Mexican black-and-white films\")\n[Category:Prison drama films](/wiki/Category:Prison_drama_films \"Prison drama films\")\n[Category:1950s Mexican films](/wiki/Category:1950s_Mexican_films \"1950s Mexican films\")\n[Category:Spanish\\-language crime drama films](/wiki/Category:Spanish-language_crime_drama_films \"Spanish-language crime drama films\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Las medias de seda
|
{
"id": [
12360419
],
"name": [
"Scorpions13256"
]
}
|
1siot36hikstjw9ef99863tkd5iq7zw
|
2022-12-30T11:30:50Z
| 1,120,740,481 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Las medias de seda*** (\"The Silk Stockings\") is a 1956 [Mexican](/wiki/Mexico \"Mexico\") film. It stars [Carlos Orellana](/wiki/Carlos_Orellana \"Carlos Orellana\").\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1956 films](/wiki/Category:1956_films \"1956 films\")\n[Category:Mexican musical comedy films](/wiki/Category:Mexican_musical_comedy_films \"Mexican musical comedy films\")\n[Category:1950s Spanish\\-language films](/wiki/Category:1950s_Spanish-language_films \"1950s Spanish-language films\")\n[Category:1950s Mexican films](/wiki/Category:1950s_Mexican_films \"1950s Mexican films\")\n[Category:1956 musical comedy films](/wiki/Category:1956_musical_comedy_films \"1956 musical comedy films\")\n[Category:Mexican black\\-and\\-white films](/wiki/Category:Mexican_black-and-white_films \"Mexican black-and-white films\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Martin Jůza
|
{
"id": [
27015025
],
"name": [
"InternetArchiveBot"
]
}
|
iesobq7627li32yefm8wuug1405iwwr
|
2023-03-11T14:06:35Z
| 1,106,726,270 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"Achievements",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Martin Jůza** is a [Czech](/wiki/Czech_Republic \"Czech Republic\") [Magic: The Gathering](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering \"The Gathering\") player. Over the course of his career, Jůza has won the Czech national championship, made the top eight of a [Pro Tour](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour \"The Gathering Pro Tour\") three times, and won four [Grand Prix](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Grand_Prix \"The Gathering Grand Prix\") tournaments.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nJůza's Pro Tour career began in 2003 when he made his debut with a 194th\\-place finish at Pro Tour New Orleans. He would go on to make one more Pro Tour appearance that season, a 163rd\\-place finish at the [World Championship](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_World_Championship \"The Gathering World Championship\"). [The following season](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2005 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2005\"), he had two Pro Tour appearances again. He also had his first high level finish that season when he won the [Czech National Championship](/wiki/List_of_Magic:The_Gathering_national_champions%23Czech_Republic \"The Gathering national champions#Czech Republic\"). Jůza put up similar results in [2006](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2006 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2006\") and [2007](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2007 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2007\"), playing two Pro Tours both years, making his country's national team in 2006, and qualifying for Worlds as the alternate in 2007\\.\n\n[The 2008 season](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2008 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2008\") was Jůza's breakout year. It was the first time he played every Pro Tour, and he only finished outside the top twenty once. After a 10th\\-place finish in Kuala Lumpur, and a 19th place in Hollywood, he made his first Pro Tour top eight at [Pro Tour Berlin 2008](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2008%23Pro_Tour_Berlin_%2831_October_%E2%80%93_2_November_2008%29 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2008#Pro Tour Berlin (31 October – 2 November 2008)\"). In the quarterfinals, Jůza was paired against one of his play test partners, former Rookie of the Year Sebastian Thaler, with Thaler winning the Elves mirror match by three games to two. Jůza rounded out the season with a 50th\\-place finish at the World Championship to earn level 7 standing in the Pro Players Club.\n\nAfter his breakout season, Jůza very much adopted the Pro Tour lifestyle, playing fourteen of nineteen Grand Prix [in 2009](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2009 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2009\"). He had a strong start to the season, earning 18 pro points by mid March. After a string of midfield finishes from March through July, Jůza made back to back Grand Prix finals, losing to [Olivier Ruel](/wiki/Olivier_Ruel \"Olivier Ruel\") in Brighton, and to Shingou Kurihara in Bangkok. At Pro Tour Austin, Jůza made his second Pro Tour top eight. Paired against Naoki Shimizu, he was once again defeated in the quarterfinal. To finish the season, Jůza made the top eight of Grand Prix Tampa Bay, and finished 41st at Worlds. With 64 pro points, Jůza finished third in the [Player of the Year race](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2009%23Pro_Player_of_the_year_final_standings \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2009#Pro Player of the year final standings\") and gained the highest Pro Players Club Level, 8\\.\n\n[The following season](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2010 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2010\"), Jůza did not do so well on the Pro Tour, his best finish being a 30th place at Pro Tour San Diego; and he earned only 17 pro points from his Pro Tour results. However, he made up for it on the Grand Prix circuit. Jůza played all but one of the Grand Prix, winning Grand Prix Portland and Bochum, and making the top eight of Grand Prix Nashville. Earning 37 points off tour, Jůza's 54 point total earned him fourth place in the [Player of the Year race](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2010%23Pro_Player_of_the_Year_final_standings \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2010#Pro Player of the Year final standings\") and level 8 in the Pro Players Club again.\n\nIn [2011](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2011 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2011\"), Jůza's Grand Prix dominance continued. Over the course of the year, he reached top eight of Grand Prix in [Denver](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2011%23Grands_Prix:_Paris%2C_Denver%2C_Hamburg%2C_Kobe%2C_Barcelona%2C_Dallas%2C_London%2C_Prague%2C_Providence%2C_and_Singapore \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2011#Grands Prix: Paris, Denver, Hamburg, Kobe, Barcelona, Dallas, London, Prague, Providence, and Singapore\"), [Kobe](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2011%23Grands_Prix:_Paris%2C_Denver%2C_Hamburg%2C_Kobe%2C_Barcelona%2C_Dallas%2C_London%2C_Prague%2C_Providence%2C_and_Singapore \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2011#Grands Prix: Paris, Denver, Hamburg, Kobe, Barcelona, Dallas, London, Prague, Providence, and Singapore\"), [Santiago](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2011%23Grands_Prix:_Montreal%2C_Milan%2C_Brisbane%2C_Amsterdam%2C_Santiago%2C_Hiroshima%2C_and_San_Diego \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2011#Grands Prix: Montreal, Milan, Brisbane, Amsterdam, Santiago, Hiroshima, and San Diego\"), and [Hiroshima](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2011%23Grands_Prix:_Montreal%2C_Milan%2C_Brisbane%2C_Amsterdam%2C_Santiago%2C_Hiroshima%2C_and_San_Diego \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2011#Grands Prix: Montreal, Milan, Brisbane, Amsterdam, Santiago, Hiroshima, and San Diego\"). His win in Hiroshima made Jůza the first European to win a Grand Prix in Japan, and he joined [Raphaël Lévy](/wiki/Rapha%C3%ABl_L%C3%A9vy \"Raphaël Lévy\"), [Shuhei Nakamura](/wiki/Shuhei_Nakamura \"Shuhei Nakamura\"), and [Alex Shvartsman](/wiki/Alex_Shvartsman \"Alex Shvartsman\") as the fourth player to have won Grand Prix in Europe, North America, and Asia. On the Pro Tour, he had unremarkable results in Paris and Philadelphia, finishing below 100th place both times, but finished just one win short of making the top eight at Pro Tour Nagoya. For the third year in a row, Juza earned enough points to reach level 8 in the Pro Players Club, finishing fourth overall in the Player of the Year race.\n\nJůza made the top eight of one additional Grand Prix events in the [2012 season](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2012 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2012\"), in [Madrid](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2012%23Grand_Prix:_Kobe.2C_Lincoln.2C_Madrid.2C_Baltimore.2C_Lille.2C_Seattle.2C_Indianapolis.2C_Nashville.2C_Kuala_Lumpur.2C_Mexico_City.2C_Melbourne.2C_Salt_Lake_City.2C_Turin.2C_Manchester \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2012#Grand Prix: Kobe.2C Lincoln.2C Madrid.2C Baltimore.2C Lille.2C Seattle.2C Indianapolis.2C Nashville.2C Kuala Lumpur.2C Mexico City.2C Melbourne.2C Salt Lake City.2C Turin.2C Manchester\"), and finished the season with enough points to achieve Platinum status in the new [Pro Players Club](/wiki/Pro_Tour_%28Magic:The_Gathering%29%23Pro_Points \"The Gathering)#Pro Points\") system. In August, Jůza played in the inaugural [Magic Players Championship](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_World_Championship%232012_Magic_Players_Championship \"The Gathering World Championship#2012 Magic Players Championship\") (later renamed The World Championship), finishing 9th, as well as the [World Magic Cup](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_World_Championship%232012_World_Magic_Cup \"The Gathering World Championship#2012 World Magic Cup\"), where he was the captain of the Czech team. In the [2012–13 season](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2012%E2%80%9313 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2012–13\"), Jůza repeated his performance from the previous Grand Prix Bochum by winning the event again, and made the top eight of an additional three Grand Prix (in Manila, Philadelphia and Sydney). He once again attained Platinum status, and qualified for the [World Championship](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_World_Championship%232013_World_Championship \"The Gathering World Championship#2013 World Championship\") for the second year in a row. This event did not go well for Jůza, however; he finished last. The [2013–14 season](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2013%E2%80%9314 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2013–14\") was a quiet one for Jůza. He made the top eight of three Grand Prix (Providence, Prague and Hong Kong), but needed to finish in the top 16 of the last Pro Tour of the year, [Pro Tour *Magic 2015*](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2013%E2%80%9314%23Pro_Tour_Magic_2015 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2013–14#Pro Tour Magic 2015\") in order to reach Platinum status once again. He succeeded in doing so by finishing 11th, and reached the top level in the Pro Players Club for the sixth season in a row.\n\nIn the [2014–15 season](/wiki/Magic:The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2014%E2%80%9315 \"The Gathering Pro Tour season 2014–15\"), despite finishing in the top eight of four Grand Prix events (Strasbourg, Manila, Mexico City, Seville), Jůza failed to attain Platinum status. He ended the season on 42 points, enough for Gold, but four points shy of Platinum.\n\n### Achievements\n\n",
"### Achievements\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Czech Magic: The Gathering players](/wiki/Category:Czech_Magic:_The_Gathering_players \"Czech Magic: The Gathering players\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Plzeň](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Plze%C5%88 \"Sportspeople from Plzeň\")\n[Category:1987 births](/wiki/Category:1987_births \"1987 births\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Bruno Rahmen
|
{
"id": [
28779459
],
"name": [
"Lepricavark"
]
}
|
27rukrf4zbrk54w3qbvesvf3tymx6ct
|
2024-09-27T03:25:33Z
| 1,155,984,857 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Private life",
"Football career",
"Honours",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Bruno Rahmen** (born 15 October 1948\\) is a former [Swiss](/wiki/Switzerland \"Switzerland\") [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") player and [manager](/wiki/Head_coach \"Head coach\").\n\n",
"Private life\n------------\n\nAfter his football career, Rahmen worked for the Basler chemical industry and advanced to Sales Executive before his retirement. He married Marlis in 1966 and they have two sons Patrick and Micha, both of whom also became professional footballers. From July 2007 until October 2011, [Patrick Rahmen](/wiki/Patrick_Rahmen \"Patrick Rahmen\") was trainer and manager of the FC Basel U\\-21 squad, presently he is [assistant](/wiki/Coach_%28sport%29 \"Coach (sport)\") to [Thorsten Fink](/wiki/Thorsten_Fink \"Thorsten Fink\") at [Hamburger SV](/wiki/Hamburger_SV \"Hamburger SV\") in the [Bundesliga](/wiki/Bundesliga \"Bundesliga\").\n\n",
"Football career\n---------------\n\nRahmen started his football with the youth teams of [FC Riehen](/wiki/FC_Riehen \"FC Riehen\") and also played in their amateur [2\\. Liga](/wiki/2._Liga_%28Switzerland%29 \"2. Liga (Switzerland)\") first team. In 1966, he signed for [FC Basel](/wiki/FC_Basel \"FC Basel\") and played with them for ten years, winning the [Swiss League](/wiki/Swiss_Super_League \"Swiss Super League\") Championship five times, the [Swiss Cup](/wiki/Schweizer_Cup \"Schweizer Cup\") twice and the [Swiss League Cup](/wiki/Swiss_League_Cup \"Swiss League Cup\") once.\n\nIn the summer of 1976, Rahmen transferred to FC Luzern (then in the second division) and played for them for five years, winning promotion with his team in the 1978/79 season. Bruno Rahmen finished his playing career as player\\-manager by [BSC Old Boys](/wiki/BSC_Old_Boys \"BSC Old Boys\") in the [top Swiss Amateur League](/wiki/Swiss_1._Liga_%28football%29 \"Swiss 1. Liga (football)\").\n\nDuring the 1983–1985 period, Rahmen was manager of FC Luzern. In 1992, he was also caretaker manager of Basel for a short time, together with [Karl Odermatt](/wiki/Karl_Odermatt \"Karl Odermatt\"), after [Ernst August Künnecke](/wiki/Ernst_August_K%C3%BCnnecke \"Ernst August Künnecke\") was sacked and before [Friedel Rausch](/wiki/Friedel_Rausch \"Friedel Rausch\") took over.\n\n",
"Honours\n-------\n\n**Basel**\n* [Swiss League](/wiki/Swiss_Super_League \"Swiss Super League\"): [1967](/wiki/1966%E2%80%9367_in_Swiss_football \"1966–67 in Swiss football\"), [1969](/wiki/1968%E2%80%9369_in_Swiss_football \"1968–69 in Swiss football\"), [1970](/wiki/1969%E2%80%9370_in_Swiss_football \"1969–70 in Swiss football\"), [1972](/wiki/1971%E2%80%9372_in_Swiss_football \"1971–72 in Swiss football\"), [1973](/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373_in_Swiss_football \"1972–73 in Swiss football\")\n* [Swiss Cup](/wiki/Schweizer_Cup \"Schweizer Cup\"): 1967, 1975\n* [Swiss League Cup](/wiki/Swiss_League_Cup \"Swiss League Cup\"): 1973\n* [Coppa delle Alpi](/wiki/Coppa_delle_Alpi \"Coppa delle Alpi\"): 1969, 1970\n\n**Luzern**\n* Promotion to [Swiss Super League](/wiki/Swiss_Super_League \"Swiss Super League\"): 1979\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1948 births](/wiki/Category:1948_births \"1948 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Swiss men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Swiss_men%27s_footballers \"Swiss men's footballers\")\n[Category:Swiss football managers](/wiki/Category:Swiss_football_managers \"Swiss football managers\")\n[Category:FC Basel players](/wiki/Category:FC_Basel_players \"FC Basel players\")\n[Category:FC Luzern players](/wiki/Category:FC_Luzern_players \"FC Luzern players\")\n[Category:FC Luzern managers](/wiki/Category:FC_Luzern_managers \"FC Luzern managers\")\n[Category:FC Basel managers](/wiki/Category:FC_Basel_managers \"FC Basel managers\")\n[Category:Men's association football defenders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_defenders \"Men's association football defenders\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Animal figurine
|
{
"id": [
38551421
],
"name": [
"Golden Freddy3124"
]
}
|
7nn64531lc0fkzemup4ni6ai6ct32zv
|
2022-10-29T01:48:42Z
| 1,105,400,454 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|[Staffordshire figure](/wiki/Staffordshire_figure \"Staffordshire figure\") of a cat, c. 1750](/wiki/File:Cat_MET_ES4212.jpg \"Cat MET ES4212.jpg\")\n**Animal figurines** are [figurines](/wiki/Figurine \"Figurine\") that represent animals, either as decorative pieces, toys or [collectibles](/wiki/Collectibles \"Collectibles\"). They are often made of plastic, ceramics, or metal.\n\nThe [earthenware](/wiki/Earthenware \"Earthenware\") [Staffordshire figures](/wiki/Staffordshire_figure \"Staffordshire figure\") of the 18th and 19th centuries were enormously popular, with [Staffordshire dog figurines](/wiki/Staffordshire_dog_figurine \"Staffordshire dog figurine\") the most popular; these were typically made in pairs.\n\nHistorically, some toy animal figurines were made of [lead](/wiki/Lead \"Lead\"), and were made by several manufacturers, including [Britains Limited](/wiki/Britains_Limited \"Britains Limited\"). Companies that manufacture realistic models include [Safari Ltd](/wiki/Safari_Ltd \"Safari Ltd\"), [Schleich](/wiki/Schleich \"Schleich\") and [Bullyland](/wiki/Bullyland \"Bullyland\").\n\nK. Narayanan is the *[Limca Book of Records](/wiki/Limca_Book_of_Records \"Limca Book of Records\")* (an Indian record book) holder for the largest collection of miniature animal replicas, numbering 1,773 as of June 12, 2011\\.\n\nAnimal figurines are also created from [crystal glass](/wiki/Crystal_glass \"Crystal glass\").\n\n[Wade Ceramics](/wiki/Wade_Ceramics \"Wade Ceramics\") created a line of porcelain animal (and occasionally other) figurines that were distributed as premiums in [Red Rose Tea](/wiki/Red_Rose_Tea \"Red Rose Tea\") in Canada and the USA between 1973 and 2018\\. They have become popular collectables.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Model horse](/wiki/Model_horse \"Model horse\")\n* [Model figure](/wiki/Model_figure \"Model figure\")\n* [California pottery](/wiki/California_pottery \"California pottery\") (section [Figurines](/wiki/California_pottery%23Figurines \"California pottery#Figurines\"))\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Figurines](/wiki/Category:Figurines \"Figurines\")\n[Category:Toy collecting](/wiki/Category:Toy_collecting \"Toy collecting\")\n[Category:Toy figurines](/wiki/Category:Toy_figurines \"Toy figurines\")\n[Category:Toy animals](/wiki/Category:Toy_animals \"Toy animals\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
551 Beirut earthquake
|
{
"id": [
39792493
],
"name": [
"Dora the Axe-plorer"
]
}
|
bxc60qixt6in8l314lffwg0hqyn43yk
|
2024-09-04T12:32:39Z
| 1,231,858,113 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Tectonic setting",
"Damage",
"Characteristics",
"Earthquake",
"Tsunami",
"Future seismic hazard",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|250px\\|Main tectonic features of Lebanon](/wiki/File:Lebanon_tectonics.png \"Lebanon tectonics.png\")\nThe **551 Beirut earthquake** occurred on 9 July with an estimated magnitude of about 7\\.5 on the [moment magnitude scale](/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale \"Moment magnitude scale\") and a maximum felt intensity of X (*Extreme*) on the [Mercalli intensity scale](/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale \"Mercalli intensity scale\"). It triggered a devastating [tsunami](/wiki/Tsunami \"Tsunami\") which affected the coastal towns of Byzantine [Phoenicia](/wiki/Phoenice_%28Roman_province%29 \"Phoenice (Roman province)\"), causing great destruction and sinking many ships. Overall large numbers of people were reported killed, with one estimate of 30,000 by the [anonymous pilgrim of Piacenza](/wiki/Anonymous_pilgrim_of_Piacenza \"Anonymous pilgrim of Piacenza\") for [Berytus](/wiki/Berytus \"Berytus\") (modern [Beirut](/wiki/Beirut \"Beirut\")) alone.\n\n",
"Tectonic setting\n----------------\n\n[thumb\\|The earthquake occurred during the reign of [Justinian I](/wiki/Justinian_I \"Justinian I\") (pictured) as [Eastern Roman emperor](/wiki/Eastern_Roman_emperor \"Eastern Roman emperor\").](/wiki/File:Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna.jpg \"Meister von San Vitale in Ravenna.jpg\")\nWhat is now [Lebanon](/wiki/Lebanon \"Lebanon\") lies astride the [Dead Sea Transform](/wiki/Dead_Sea_Transform \"Dead Sea Transform\"), which forms part of the boundary between the [Arabian Plate](/wiki/Arabian_Plate \"Arabian Plate\") and the [African Plate](/wiki/African_Plate \"African Plate\"). In Lebanon the fault zone forms a restraining bend associated with a right stepping offset of the fault trace. [Transpressional](/wiki/Transpression \"Transpression\") deformation associated with this bend has formed a number of [thrust faults](/wiki/Thrust_fault \"Thrust fault\"), such as the recently identified *Mount Lebanon thrust*, which underlies the city and is interpreted to crop out at the seabed offshore.\n\n",
"Damage\n------\n\nThere is little in the way of detailed descriptions of the damage caused by this earthquake in contemporary accounts. Sources refer to the coastal cities from Tyre to Tripoli being reduced to ruins with many thousands of casualties. The [Anonymous pilgrim of Piacenza](/wiki/Anonymous_pilgrim_of_Piacenza \"Anonymous pilgrim of Piacenza\") reported that 30,000 people died in Beirut alone. Reports of damage at [Petra](/wiki/Petra \"Petra\") and other locations in the Jordan Valley associated with the 551 event have been re\\-analyzed, suggesting that a later earthquake was more likely to be responsible.\n\n",
"Characteristics\n---------------\n\n### Earthquake\n\nThe earthquake was felt over a wide area from [Alexandria](/wiki/Alexandria \"Alexandria\") in the southwest to [Antioch](/wiki/Antioch \"Antioch\") in the north previously damaged by the [earthquake of 526](/wiki/526_Antioch_earthquake \"526 Antioch earthquake\"). The area of felt intensity of VIII or more extends from [Tripoli](/wiki/Tripoli%2C_Lebanon \"Tripoli, Lebanon\") in the north to [Tyre](/wiki/Tyre%2C_Lebanon \"Tyre, Lebanon\") in the south. Estimates for the magnitude vary from 7\\.2 on the [surface wave magnitude](/wiki/Surface_wave_magnitude \"Surface wave magnitude\") scale to a possible 7\\.5 on the [moment magnitude scale](/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale \"Moment magnitude scale\"). The rupture length is estimated to be greater than and possibly as long as . The origin of the tsunami was thought to have been due to an underwater landslide triggered by an earthquake on the Dead Sea Transform itself. More recent analysis suggested that an offshore continuation of the Roum Fault mapped onshore may have been responsible. However, seabed surveys have discounted this possibility and the discovery of geologically recent fault scarps at seabed indicate that movement on the newly identified Mount Lebanon Thrust was the cause of the earthquake and the resulting tsunami. [Quaternary](/wiki/Quaternary \"Quaternary\") uplift recorded by a series of [marine\\-cut terraces](/wiki/Wave-cut_platform \"Wave-cut platform\") between Tripoli and Beirut are consistent with continuing upward movement of the hanging wall of the proposed thrust. At a smaller scale, an uplifted [vermetid](/wiki/Vermetidae \"Vermetidae\") bench, which indicates vertical movement of about 80 cm, is dated to the sixth century A.D. Continued uplift above this thrust since the late [Miocene](/wiki/Miocene \"Miocene\") may explain the formation of the [Mount Lebanon](/wiki/Mount_Lebanon \"Mount Lebanon\") range.\n\n### Tsunami\n\nThe tsunami affected the whole of the coast from Tyre to Tripoli. Withdrawal of the sea by up to two miles was recorded in some contemporary accounts.\n\n",
"### Earthquake\n\nThe earthquake was felt over a wide area from [Alexandria](/wiki/Alexandria \"Alexandria\") in the southwest to [Antioch](/wiki/Antioch \"Antioch\") in the north previously damaged by the [earthquake of 526](/wiki/526_Antioch_earthquake \"526 Antioch earthquake\"). The area of felt intensity of VIII or more extends from [Tripoli](/wiki/Tripoli%2C_Lebanon \"Tripoli, Lebanon\") in the north to [Tyre](/wiki/Tyre%2C_Lebanon \"Tyre, Lebanon\") in the south. Estimates for the magnitude vary from 7\\.2 on the [surface wave magnitude](/wiki/Surface_wave_magnitude \"Surface wave magnitude\") scale to a possible 7\\.5 on the [moment magnitude scale](/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale \"Moment magnitude scale\"). The rupture length is estimated to be greater than and possibly as long as . The origin of the tsunami was thought to have been due to an underwater landslide triggered by an earthquake on the Dead Sea Transform itself. More recent analysis suggested that an offshore continuation of the Roum Fault mapped onshore may have been responsible. However, seabed surveys have discounted this possibility and the discovery of geologically recent fault scarps at seabed indicate that movement on the newly identified Mount Lebanon Thrust was the cause of the earthquake and the resulting tsunami. [Quaternary](/wiki/Quaternary \"Quaternary\") uplift recorded by a series of [marine\\-cut terraces](/wiki/Wave-cut_platform \"Wave-cut platform\") between Tripoli and Beirut are consistent with continuing upward movement of the hanging wall of the proposed thrust. At a smaller scale, an uplifted [vermetid](/wiki/Vermetidae \"Vermetidae\") bench, which indicates vertical movement of about 80 cm, is dated to the sixth century A.D. Continued uplift above this thrust since the late [Miocene](/wiki/Miocene \"Miocene\") may explain the formation of the [Mount Lebanon](/wiki/Mount_Lebanon \"Mount Lebanon\") range.\n\n",
"### Tsunami\n\nThe tsunami affected the whole of the coast from Tyre to Tripoli. Withdrawal of the sea by up to two miles was recorded in some contemporary accounts.\n\n",
"Future seismic hazard\n---------------------\n\nThe estimated return time for large earthquakes on the Mount Lebanon thrust is 1500–1750 years, although a shorter return time is also possible depending on the dating of the most recent sea\\-level highstand. This latter possibility would indicate that a repeat of this event may be long overdue.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of historical earthquakes](/wiki/List_of_historical_earthquakes \"List of historical earthquakes\")\n* [List of tsunamis](/wiki/List_of_tsunamis \"List of tsunamis\")\n* [6th century in Lebanon](/wiki/6th_century_in_Lebanon \"6th century in Lebanon\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Berytus](/wiki/Category:Berytus \"Berytus\")\n[0551 Beirut](/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_the_Levant \"Earthquakes in the Levant\")\n[Category:6th\\-century earthquakes](/wiki/Category:6th-century_earthquakes \"6th-century earthquakes\")\n[Category:Lebanon in the Roman era](/wiki/Category:Lebanon_in_the_Roman_era \"Lebanon in the Roman era\")\n[Category:550s in the Byzantine Empire](/wiki/Category:550s_in_the_Byzantine_Empire \"550s in the Byzantine Empire\")\n[Category:551](/wiki/Category:551 \"551\")\n[Category:Medieval tsunamis](/wiki/Category:Medieval_tsunamis \"Medieval tsunamis\")\n[Category:Earthquakes in the Byzantine Empire](/wiki/Category:Earthquakes_in_the_Byzantine_Empire \"Earthquakes in the Byzantine Empire\")\n\n"
]
}
|
1920 Golders Green Handley Page O/400 crash
|
{
"id": [
44238690
],
"name": [
"Aviationwikiflight"
]
}
|
n3vqufpe2pb5hrzfuktuetrn2gfouty
|
2024-05-22T12:23:36Z
| 1,200,885,551 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Aircraft",
"Accident",
"Passengers",
"Inquest",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **1920 Handley Page O/400 crash** occurred on 14 December 1920 when a [Handley Page Transport](/wiki/Handley_Page_Transport \"Handley Page Transport\") [Handley Page O/400](/wiki/Handley_Page_O/400 \"Handley Page O/400\") on a scheduled passenger flight from [London](/wiki/London \"London\") to [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") with two crew and six passengers crashed at [Golders Green](/wiki/Golders_Green \"Golders Green\") in [North London](/wiki/North_London \"North London\") after take\\-off from [Cricklewood Aerodrome](/wiki/Cricklewood_Aerodrome \"Cricklewood Aerodrome\"). The crew of two and two passengers were killed in the first fatal accident for the airline since the service had started in December 1919\\. It was reported as the first recorded airliner crash in history, but a [larger airliner had crashed](/wiki/1919_Verona_Caproni_Ca.48_crash \"1919 Verona Caproni Ca.48 crash\") the previous year.\n\n",
"Aircraft\n--------\n\nThe aircraft involved was a [Handley Page O/400](/wiki/Handley_Page_O/400 \"Handley Page O/400\") [registered](/wiki/Aircraft_registration \"Aircraft registration\") *G\\-EAMA*, a large seven\\-passenger twin\\-engined biplane [airliner](/wiki/Airliner \"Airliner\"). It had been built by the Birmingham Carriage Company and delivered to the [Royal Air Force](/wiki/Royal_Air_Force \"Royal Air Force\") as a bomber during the [First World War](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\"). As war surplus, it was converted into a passenger configuration in 1919 by Handley Page and used by Handley Page Transport for passenger services.\n\n",
"Accident\n--------\n\nThe aircraft departed from [Cricklewood Aerodrome](/wiki/Cricklewood_Aerodrome \"Cricklewood Aerodrome\") around mid\\-day with six passengers, mail and freight for Paris. The weather was misty and the aircraft was seen flying low and crashing into a tree, falling into a back garden of a house in Golders Green (No. 6 Basing Hill) close to the airfield. Four passengers jumped or were thrown clear before the aircraft burst into flames. Two were unhurt and the other two only slightly injured. The two crew and two remaining passengers were killed in the fire. Locals rushed to help but due to the intense heat, the rescue efforts were futile. The Hendon Fire Brigade extinguished the fire and removed the bodies; the aircraft was destroyed and the newly built house was badly damaged.\n\n",
"Passengers\n----------\n\nFour passengers were killed in the crash, named as Sam Salinger, 17\\-year old Van der Eist, the pilot Robert Bager, and plane mechanic J\\[ohn] H Williams, 27\\. The four passengers who managed to escape were named as E Rosenthal, Alexander Bona, P Curioni, and E Studd.\n\n",
"Inquest\n-------\n\nAn inquest to the four deaths was held at Hendon on 16 December 1920\\. One of the survivors explained the events to the inquest, although he saw the engines being tested before the flight he did not hear any problems with them but the aircraft was not able to climb above 100 feet and suddenly struck a tree. After the aircraft had crashed he immediately climbed over the debris and escaped through a window. Other evidence came from another passenger, the dispatcher and one of the first to arrive on the scene, a ground engineer and the pilot who had flown the aircraft the previous day; all were questioned but the cause of the aircraft hitting a tree under high was not determined. The coroner recorded a verdict that \"the deceased died from consequence of burns due to the crashing of the aeroplane to the ground after striking a tree\"; the coroner also said he did not have enough evidence to determine a cause.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\nCitations\n\nSources\n[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1920](/wiki/Category:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_1920 \"Aviation accidents and incidents in 1920\")\n[Category:1920 disasters in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:1920_disasters_in_the_United_Kingdom \"1920 disasters in the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in London](/wiki/Category:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_London \"Aviation accidents and incidents in London\")\n[Category:1920 in London](/wiki/Category:1920_in_London \"1920 in London\")\n[Category:Golders Green](/wiki/Category:Golders_Green \"Golders Green\")\n[Category:History of the London Borough of Barnet](/wiki/Category:History_of_the_London_Borough_of_Barnet \"History of the London Borough of Barnet\")\n[Category:20th century in Middlesex](/wiki/Category:20th_century_in_Middlesex \"20th century in Middlesex\")\n[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Airliner_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Airliner accidents and incidents in the United Kingdom\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Cyzenis albicans
|
{
"id": [
1398
],
"name": [
"William Avery"
]
}
|
m38o8r1qv69jzju0m534v39tbmezwhh
|
2024-09-07T14:43:05Z
| 1,231,272,962 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Ecology",
"Hosts",
"Use in biological control",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + - * + - * \n\n***Cyzenis albicans*** is a [species](/wiki/Species \"Species\") of [fly](/wiki/Fly \"Fly\") in the family [Tachinidae](/wiki/Tachinidae \"Tachinidae\"). A [parasitoid](/wiki/Parasitoid \"Parasitoid\"), it lays its eggs on leaves of oak, maple, birch and other trees, so that when the leaves are consumed by the larvae of the host [winter moth](/wiki/Winter_moth \"Winter moth\"), the eggs hatch inside the larvae. The fly is native to Europe and Asia but has been introduced into North America as a [biological control](/wiki/Biological_pest_control \"Biological pest control\") agent of the [invasive winter moth](/wiki/Winter_moth \"Winter moth\").\n\n",
"Ecology\n-------\n\n*Cyzenis albicans* is a [parasitoid](/wiki/Parasitoid \"Parasitoid\"), the female laying its eggs on the surface of leaves which are then eaten by the larvae of suitable host moth species. This fly is [synovigenic](/wiki/Synovigenic \"Synovigenic\"), continuing to produce and mature eggs throughout its adult life and needing to feed in order to do so. The fly larvae feed internally on the moth larvae, pupating within the moth pupae when their hosts have fallen to the ground, and emerging as adults the following spring.\n\n",
"Hosts\n-----\n\nIn Europe and Asia, where this fly is native, the larvae of several [geometrid](/wiki/Geometridae \"Geometridae\") moths are parasitised. These include the winter moth (*[Operophtera brumata](/wiki/Winter_moth \"Winter moth\")*), the northern winter moth (*[Operophtera fagata](/wiki/Operophtera_fagata \"Operophtera fagata\")*), the oak nycteoline (*[Nycteola revayana](/wiki/Nycteola_revayana \"Nycteola revayana\")*), the elm autumn moth (*[Ypsolopha vittella](/wiki/Ypsolopha_vittella \"Ypsolopha vittella\")*) and the pimpinel pug (*[Eupithecia pimpinellata](/wiki/Eupithecia_pimpinellata \"Eupithecia pimpinellata\")*). In North American, where it has been introduced, it is only known to use winter moth (*Operophtera brumata*) as a host.\n\n",
"Use in biological control\n-------------------------\n\nThe winter moth first appeared in Nova Scotia, Canada, in the 1920s. By 1949 it had spread, causing defoliation of trees on a wide scale, and had been identified as a pest species. In 1954 and 1955, several insect species were introduced from Europe in an attempt to control it. The most successful of these were the parasitic wasp *[Agrypon flaveolatum](/wiki/Agrypon_flaveolatum \"Agrypon flaveolatum\")* and the parasitoid fly *C. albicans*, both of which became established in Canada. As the numbers of parasites built up, so the populations of the winter moth declined.\n\nWinter moths were first noted in the United States in the late 1990s in the state of Massachusetts. During the next decade they spread from [Boston](/wiki/Boston \"Boston\"), south to [Martha's Vineyard](/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard \"Martha's Vineyard\") and Cape Cod, into [Rhode Island](/wiki/Rhode_Island \"Rhode Island\"), and Connecticut. There also have been outbreaks of winter moth in coastal New Hampshire and Maine. Winter moth defoliates maples, oaks, fruit trees, and other deciduous trees. Attempts at biological control followed with the release of *C. albicans* since 2005\\. The wasp was considered unsuitable because it is unknown if it is host specific and there are some rare geometrid moths in the area. The fly has become successfully established in Massachusetts, and the level of parasitism of the moth larvae had reached 20\\-50% by 2015, after thousands of *Cyzenis albicans* were released at 17 sites in New England.\n\nIn its native range, *C. albicans* has very little impact on populations of winter moth, and its success in [biological control](/wiki/Biological_pest_control \"Biological pest control\") of this invasive pest in Canada and the United States was difficult to predict; soil conditions seem to have been of importance, and there may have been a dearth of natural enemies to prey on the flies, enabling them to become established. A recent study on the mortality factors affecting *C. albicans* puparia in Massachusetts shows that, in fact, *C. albicans* experiences heavy mortality from generalist pupal predators and parasitoids.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Diptera of Europe](/wiki/Category:Diptera_of_Europe \"Diptera of Europe\")\n[Category:Diptera of Asia](/wiki/Category:Diptera_of_Asia \"Diptera of Asia\")\n[Category:Diptera of North America](/wiki/Category:Diptera_of_North_America \"Diptera of North America\")\n[Category:Insects described in 1810](/wiki/Category:Insects_described_in_1810 \"Insects described in 1810\")\n[Category:Taxa named by Carl Fredrik Fallén](/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Carl_Fredrik_Fall%C3%A9n \"Taxa named by Carl Fredrik Fallén\")\n[Category:Tachinidae](/wiki/Category:Tachinidae \"Tachinidae\")\n[Category:Diptera used as pest control agents](/wiki/Category:Diptera_used_as_pest_control_agents \"Diptera used as pest control agents\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Haman Alimardani
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2A00:23A8:949:BD01:BC8B:6A88:F3FC:3D87"
]
}
|
s3pes5y5shuucn7wyyz4w5weqjuj6i7
|
2023-06-20T08:47:59Z
| 1,159,879,791 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Life",
"Education, study and training",
"Career as fashion designer",
"Career as graphic designer",
"Organizational culture",
"Exhibitions",
"Awards and publications",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Haman Alimardani, 2010](/wiki/File:012110_hamansutra_Koffer_bea.jpg \"012110 hamansutra Koffer bea.jpg\")\n**Haman Alimardani** (; born 28 November 1977\\) is an Iranian\\-born German fashion designer, graphic designer, and disc jockey. **Hamansutra** is his fashion label. He lives and works in New York City and Munich.\n\n",
"Life\n----\n\nHaman Alimardani was born in 1977 in [Tehran](/wiki/Tehran \"Tehran\"), [Pahlavi Iran](/wiki/Pahlavi_Iran \"Pahlavi Iran\"). He comes from the third generation of a [Persian](/wiki/Persia \"Persia\") family of chefs, [restaurateurs](/wiki/Restaurant \"Restaurant\") and [gourmets](/wiki/Gourmets \"Gourmets\"). He and his four siblings grew up in [Tehran](/wiki/Tehran \"Tehran\"), [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\"), and [Munich](/wiki/Munich \"Munich\"). Alimardani speaks fluent [German](/wiki/German_language \"German language\"), [English](/wiki/English_language \"English language\") and [Persian](/wiki/Persian_language \"Persian language\").\n\nMusic and art played major roles in his youth; he rapidly attained status in both fields in the Munich scene, as a respected graffiti writer and club DJ for [soul](/wiki/Soul_music \"Soul music\"), [house](/wiki/House_music \"House music\") and [rap](/wiki/Rap \"Rap\") music. In 1993 the artists' group of which Alimardani was a member received artistic funding from the City of [Munich](/wiki/Munich \"Munich\").\n\n",
"Education, study and training\n-----------------------------\n\nAfter secondary school, Alimardani initially studied graphic design at Blocherer Schule, Munich (graduating in 1998\\), and took up fashion design studies at [Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design](/wiki/Central_Saint_Martins_College_of_Art_and_Design \"Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design\") in London in 2004\\. During his studies Alimardani completed internships as assistant to fashion designer [Kostas Murkudis](/wiki/Kostas_Murkudis \"Kostas Murkudis\"), designer at the Munich armed forces tailoring department and costume designer at the [Bavarian State Opera](/wiki/Bavarian_State_Opera \"Bavarian State Opera\").\n\n",
"Career as fashion designer\n--------------------------\n\nIn 1996 Alimardani founded his own [fashion label](/wiki/Fashion_label \"Fashion label\") \"hamansutra\". Even before completing his fashion design studies, he designed \"Lingerie For The Year 2000\" for German underwear brand Mey. Two years later, working as hamansutra, he completed the costumes for a major project at [London Film School](/wiki/London_Film_School \"London Film School\"). In 2003/04 hamansutra was commissioned by [Jung von Matt](/wiki/Jung_von_Matt \"Jung von Matt\") to create a full body suit known as \"Blu Costume\" for the [Geiz ist geil](/wiki/Geiz_ist_geil \"Geiz ist geil\") (Cheap Is Cool) advertising campaign for the consumer electronics chain [Saturn](/wiki/Media-Saturn-Holding \"Media-Saturn-Holding\"). In 2004 hamansutra designed the outfits for the video production of \"Another World\" by UK singer [Sonique](/wiki/Sonique_%28musician%29 \"Sonique (musician)\"). The video received the 2005 iF Communication Design Award. Also in 2005, hamansutra designed menswear prototypes for [Porsche](/wiki/Porsche \"Porsche\") Design and contributed a T\\-shirt design to the T\\-1 Worldcup project in [Japan](/wiki/Japan \"Japan\"). This event included a design competition for which international artists created works representing their countries. hamansutra designed a T\\-shirt collection for the [Microsoft Xbox 360](/wiki/Microsoft_Xbox_360 \"Microsoft Xbox 360\") at Christmas 2005\\. In 2006 hamansutra developed a gold suit for the video \"I Can't Stop My Feet\" by Munich musician and singer [AMOS](/wiki/Amos_%28Musiker%29 \"Amos (Musiker)\"), also known as \"Imperator of Pop\". From 2005 to 2008 Haman Alimardani taught at the Munich colleges [Blocherer Schule](/wiki/Blocherer_Schule \"Blocherer Schule\") and [Akademie für Mode \\& Design](/wiki/AMD_Academy_of_Fashion_and_Design \"AMD Academy of Fashion and Design\") (AMD), and lectured on design at [Miami Ad School in Hamburg](/wiki/Miami_Ad_School \"Miami Ad School\") and [FH](/wiki/Hochschule_M%C3%BCnchen \"Hochschule München\") München the [Munich University of Applied Sciences](/wiki/Munich_University_of_Applied_Sciences \"Munich University of Applied Sciences\"). He relocated to New York in 2008\\. In 2010 hamansutra joined forces with StudioSeidel on the project \"[2010 Amateur World Cup](http://amateurworldcup.com/)\". The project, set to music by Gomma Records, presented a fashion collection oriented to the World Cup teams and matches and prominently featuring elements of the aesthetics of pornography, as a satire on the predominant interests of our consumption\\-driven world. hamansutra is worked on a line of accessories scheduled for launch at the end of 2011\\.\n\n",
"Career as graphic designer\n--------------------------\n\nHaman Alimardani's work with *Jung von Matt* in Hamburg gave rise to graphic projects for [Benson \\& Hedges](/wiki/Benson_%26_Hedges \"Benson & Hedges\"), [Audi](/wiki/Audi \"Audi\") and [Deutsche Bahn](/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn \"Deutsche Bahn\") in 1998 and 1999\\. In 2002 Alimardani worked with [Nike](/wiki/Nike%2C_Inc. \"Nike, Inc.\") on the Scorpion K.O. project, realized in partnership with the US media agency [Wieden\\+Kennedy](/wiki/Wieden%2BKennedy \"Wieden+Kennedy\") and the Berlin\\-based creative agency Less Rain. In the same year he was booked by the French fashion house [KENZO](/wiki/Kenzo_Takada \"Kenzo Takada\") as a [character designer](/wiki/Character_designer \"Character designer\") for the \"KENZO KIDS\" collection.\n\n",
"Organizational culture\n----------------------\n\nAlimardani's affinity with music is constantly reflected in his [design](/wiki/Design \"Design\"). The hamansutra [brand](/wiki/Brand \"Brand\") presents clothing as art objects, focusing on a holistic view of external changes which in turn necessitate the alignment of designs in keeping. The [slogan](/wiki/Slogan \"Slogan\") \"A thousand moves in the game of fashion\" is intended to express this conceptual approach.\n\n",
"Exhibitions\n-----------\n\n* 2010: hamansutra's [CAZAL](http://www.cazal-eyewear.com/) Sunglasses Project \"Homage to [Cari Zalloni](/wiki/Cari_Zalloni \"Cari Zalloni\")\". Portraits and illustrations at [Pablo's Birthday gallery](http://www.pablosbirthday.com/). The exhibition, with a personal lookbook [foreword](/wiki/Foreword \"Foreword\") by CAZAL designer Cari Zalloni, is a fashion celebration for and about fans of CAZAL sun eyewear (New York)\n* 2010: Exhibitor at the 5th [NY Art Book Fair](/wiki/AA_Bronson \"AA Bronson\"), [MoMA PS1](/wiki/MoMA_PS1 \"MoMA PS1\")\n* 2009: Invitation by [Pecha Kucha](/wiki/Pecha_Kucha \"Pecha Kucha\") to present a series of 20 images in New York\n* 2009: \"Artificial Skin Collection 2060\" The exhibition, with a personal lookbook foreword by [Arno Rink](/wiki/Arno_Rink \"Arno Rink\") (New York and Munich, sturmfeder projects)\n* 2008: \"Graduate Portfolios of 8 Young Designers\", Kuratorium (Munich)\n* 2008: \"Not\\-For\\-Sale Works\" (Munich, crooma)\n* 2005: \"Fashion Card Book Exhibitions\" (Bookshops in London, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Munich and New York)\n* 2004: \"Exhibition Of Finalists' Portfolios\" (London, Central Saint Martins College)\n* 1999: Exhibition of collection pieces and 3D illustrations (Munich, Blocherer Schule)\n* 1996: Exhibition of illustrations (Gröbenzell near Munich, Bürgerhaus)\n* 1995: Exhibition of illustrations (Munich, Pasinger Fabrik)\n",
"Awards and publications\n-----------------------\n\n* hamansutra's innovative flats in the [New York Times](/wiki/New_York_Times \"New York Times\") – [Stepping to the Beat](http://runway.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/01/shopping-snapshot-cmyk-shoes-are-a-fresh-take-on-nerd-chic/?smid=tw-nytimesfashion&seid=auto)\n* In 2011 an article on hamansutra will be published in (NOT A TOY, [Pictoplasma](/wiki/Pictoplasma \"Pictoplasma\")), a collection of essays on radical character design in fashion and costume, edited by Vassilis Zidianakis of the Athens cultural organization ATOPOS.\n* In 2007 hamansutra was included by Charlotte and Peter Fiell in their publication \"[Contemporary Graphic Design](https://www.amazon.com/dp/3822852694)\" (\"100 of the World's Most Progressive Designers\", [Taschen](/wiki/Taschen \"Taschen\") Verlag).\n* In 2005 hamansutra and Designliga München received the [iF Communication Design Award](/wiki/IF_product_design_award \"IF product design award\").\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* <http://www.hamansutra.com/>\n\n[Category:Iranian fashion designers](/wiki/Category:Iranian_fashion_designers \"Iranian fashion designers\")\n[Category:1977 births](/wiki/Category:1977_births \"1977 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Iranian DJs](/wiki/Category:Iranian_DJs \"Iranian DJs\")\n[Category:German fashion designers](/wiki/Category:German_fashion_designers \"German fashion designers\")\n[Category:German art directors](/wiki/Category:German_art_directors \"German art directors\")\n[Category:Iranian emigrants to Germany](/wiki/Category:Iranian_emigrants_to_Germany \"Iranian emigrants to Germany\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Yong Pung How School of Law
|
{
"id": [
null
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{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Initial years",
"Leadership",
"Milestones",
"Programmes",
"Undergraduate LLB",
"Juris Doctor",
"LLM and PhD",
"Professional",
"Student life",
"International moot competitions",
"International mediation and negotiation competitions",
"Law reform and public legal education",
"Research impact",
"Notable alumni",
"Notes"
],
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"\n\nThe **Yong Pung How School of Law** is one of the six schools of the [Singapore Management University](/wiki/Singapore_Management_University \"Singapore Management University\"). It was set up as Singapore's second [law school](/wiki/Law_school \"Law school\") in 2007, 50 years after the [NUS Faculty of Law](/wiki/NUS_Faculty_of_Law \"NUS Faculty of Law\") and 10 years before [SUSS School of Law](/wiki/SUSS_School_of_Law \"SUSS School of Law\"). Prior to its establishment as a law school, the school was a department within the [School of Business](/wiki/Lee_Kong_Chian_School_of_Business \"Lee Kong Chian School of Business\") between 2000 and 2007\\. The school was known as the **SMU School of Law** until 2021, when it was renamed after former Chief Justice [Yong Pung How](/wiki/Yong_Pung_How \"Yong Pung How\").\n\nThe school offers a four\\-year undergraduate single [Bachelor of Laws](/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws \"Bachelor of Laws\") (LLB) degree programme and a double degree programme combining the law degree programme with one of SMU's existing non\\-law programmes. The school also offers a graduate [Juris Doctor](/wiki/Juris_Doctor \"Juris Doctor\") (JD) programme as well as a [Master of Laws](/wiki/Master_of_Laws \"Master of Laws\") (LLM) programme. The Dual LLM in Commercial Law, which confers LLM degrees from [Queen Mary University of London](/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London \"Queen Mary University of London\") and SMU, was launched in 2015\\. A PhD in Law, Commerce, and Technology was launched in 2021\\.\n\nAdmission to the law programme is competitive: in the 2015 University Admissions Exercise, both the 10th and 90th percentile had an Indicative Grade Profile (of Singapore\\-Cambridge [GCE A\\-Level](/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level \"GCE Advanced Level\") qualifications) of AAA/A; approximately 1,300 applicants were shortlisted for an interview and a written test.\n\nSince the launch of its [international moots](/wiki/Moot_court \"Moot court\") programme in 2011, the school has regularly featured in the championship final of the largest and most established international moot court competitions, and holds the world records for most international moot championship finals in a season and most international moot championships in a season.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### Initial years\n\n[thumb\\|PM [Lee Hsien Loong](/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong \"Lee Hsien Loong\") at the [Kwa Geok Choo](/wiki/Kwa_Geok_Choo \"Kwa Geok Choo\") Law Library during the official launch of the School of Law building in 2017](/wiki/File:1_singapore_management_university_school_of_law_opening_2017.jpg \"1 singapore management university school of law opening 2017.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|Inside the Kwa Geok Choo Law Library](/wiki/File:1_singapore_management_university_school_of_law_2017_library_interior.jpg \"1 singapore management university school of law 2017 library interior.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|A segregated third of the function hall in the basement](/wiki/File:1_singapore_management_university_school_of_law_function_hall_1_2018.jpg \"1 singapore management university school of law function hall 1 2018.jpg\")\nThe School of Law was preceded by the Law Department, which was created in 2000 and part of the university's [Lee Kong Chian School of Business](/wiki/Lee_Kong_Chian_School_of_Business \"Lee Kong Chian School of Business\") which was created at the same time, and headed by Professor [Andrew Phang](/wiki/Andrew_Phang \"Andrew Phang\") (now Judge of Appeal, [Supreme Court of Singapore](/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Singapore \"Supreme Court of Singapore\")). A full\\-fledged law school was established in 2007—fifty years after the establishment of the first and then\\-only law school in Singapore, [National University of Singapore Faculty of Law](/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore_Faculty_of_Law \"National University of Singapore Faculty of Law\")—following a review by the government that concluded there was a shortage of qualified legal personnel in Singapore.\n\n### Leadership\n\nThe school's first dean was [Michael Furmston](/wiki/Michael_Furmston \"Michael Furmston\"), a leading authority on contracts and commercial law in the Commonwealth. He headed the school from its inception in 2007 to 2012\\. [Yeo Tiong Min](/wiki/Yeo_Tiong_Min \"Yeo Tiong Min\") [SC](/wiki/Senior_Counsel \"Senior Counsel\") was then the dean from 2012 to 2017\\. [Goh Yihan](/wiki/Goh_Yihan \"Goh Yihan\") SC was subsequently dean from 2017 to 2022, before [Lee Pey Woan](/wiki/Lee_Pey_Woan \"Lee Pey Woan\") took over in July 2022\\.\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|Former Judge of Appeal [VK Rajah](/wiki/VK_Rajah \"VK Rajah\") giving a speech at SMU School of Law in 2017\\. He was on the school's advisory board between 2008 to 2012 and 2017 to 2023\\.](/wiki/File:1_vk_rajah_smu_school_of_law_2017.jpg \"1 vk rajah smu school of law 2017.jpg\")\nThere is an advisory board which provides advisory assistance to the School of Law; it routinely includes Supreme Court judges, senior litigators, corporate lawyers, managing partners of law firms, and partners of foreign law firms. The advisory board was previously chaired by former Judge of Appeal and Attorney\\-General [VK Rajah](/wiki/VK_Rajah \"VK Rajah\") SC; [Ang Cheng Hock](/wiki/Ang_Cheng_Hock \"Ang Cheng Hock\") took over in 2024\\. Rajah, together with former Judge of Appeal [Chao Hick Tin](/wiki/Chao_Hick_Tin \"Chao Hick Tin\"), are presently Distinguished Fellows.\n\n### Milestones\n\nOn 18 March 2009, the Doctor of Jurisprudence (JD) programme was launched. In May 2010, the Continuing Legal Education programme (since re\\-branded as SMU Law Academy) was launched.\n\nIn March 2013, the school became the first Asian law school to join the THEMIS network and in November that year a partnership was set up with [Yonsei University](/wiki/Yonsei_University \"Yonsei University\") for a dual JD programme.\n\nThe Applied Research Centre for Intellectual Assets and the Law in Asia (ARCIALA), as well as the Centre for Cross\\-Border Commercial Law in Asia (CEBCLA), were launched in May 2015 and in June that year the school signed a sponsorship and training agreement with WongPartnership. In August, it launched a dual LLM with [Queen Mary, University of London](/wiki/Queen_Mary%2C_University_of_London \"Queen Mary, University of London\").\n\nThe law school building relocated in December 2016 to [Armenian Street](/wiki/Armenian_Street%2C_Singapore \"Armenian Street, Singapore\"), though the premises were only officially opened in March 2017, and in October 2017, a [Pro Bono Centre](/wiki/Pro_bono \"Pro bono\") was launched. At the same time, the [Singapore Academy of Law](/wiki/Singapore_Academy_of_Law \"Singapore Academy of Law\")'s Singapore International Dispute Resolution Academy (SIDRA) was launched, which subsequently came under the auspices of the law school in 2019\\.\n\nIn June 2018, the school received a $4\\.5m grant from the National Research Foundation and [IMDA](/wiki/Info-communications_Media_Development_Authority \"Info-communications Media Development Authority\") to helm a research programme on AI and data use. In July that year it launched the LLM in Judicial Studies and in September the Centre for AI and Data Governance (CAIDG). In March 2020, the Centre for Computational Law was established after receiving a $15m grant from the NRF.\n\nOn 11 April 2021, SMU renamed the school to include former Chief Justice [Yong Pung How](/wiki/Yong_Pung_How \"Yong Pung How\")'s name as a recognition for his founding contributions to the university. CEBCLA was also renamed the Centre for Commercial Law in Asia (CCLA).\n\n",
"### Initial years\n\n[thumb\\|PM [Lee Hsien Loong](/wiki/Lee_Hsien_Loong \"Lee Hsien Loong\") at the [Kwa Geok Choo](/wiki/Kwa_Geok_Choo \"Kwa Geok Choo\") Law Library during the official launch of the School of Law building in 2017](/wiki/File:1_singapore_management_university_school_of_law_opening_2017.jpg \"1 singapore management university school of law opening 2017.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|Inside the Kwa Geok Choo Law Library](/wiki/File:1_singapore_management_university_school_of_law_2017_library_interior.jpg \"1 singapore management university school of law 2017 library interior.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|A segregated third of the function hall in the basement](/wiki/File:1_singapore_management_university_school_of_law_function_hall_1_2018.jpg \"1 singapore management university school of law function hall 1 2018.jpg\")\nThe School of Law was preceded by the Law Department, which was created in 2000 and part of the university's [Lee Kong Chian School of Business](/wiki/Lee_Kong_Chian_School_of_Business \"Lee Kong Chian School of Business\") which was created at the same time, and headed by Professor [Andrew Phang](/wiki/Andrew_Phang \"Andrew Phang\") (now Judge of Appeal, [Supreme Court of Singapore](/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Singapore \"Supreme Court of Singapore\")). A full\\-fledged law school was established in 2007—fifty years after the establishment of the first and then\\-only law school in Singapore, [National University of Singapore Faculty of Law](/wiki/National_University_of_Singapore_Faculty_of_Law \"National University of Singapore Faculty of Law\")—following a review by the government that concluded there was a shortage of qualified legal personnel in Singapore.\n\n",
"### Leadership\n\nThe school's first dean was [Michael Furmston](/wiki/Michael_Furmston \"Michael Furmston\"), a leading authority on contracts and commercial law in the Commonwealth. He headed the school from its inception in 2007 to 2012\\. [Yeo Tiong Min](/wiki/Yeo_Tiong_Min \"Yeo Tiong Min\") [SC](/wiki/Senior_Counsel \"Senior Counsel\") was then the dean from 2012 to 2017\\. [Goh Yihan](/wiki/Goh_Yihan \"Goh Yihan\") SC was subsequently dean from 2017 to 2022, before [Lee Pey Woan](/wiki/Lee_Pey_Woan \"Lee Pey Woan\") took over in July 2022\\.\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|Former Judge of Appeal [VK Rajah](/wiki/VK_Rajah \"VK Rajah\") giving a speech at SMU School of Law in 2017\\. He was on the school's advisory board between 2008 to 2012 and 2017 to 2023\\.](/wiki/File:1_vk_rajah_smu_school_of_law_2017.jpg \"1 vk rajah smu school of law 2017.jpg\")\nThere is an advisory board which provides advisory assistance to the School of Law; it routinely includes Supreme Court judges, senior litigators, corporate lawyers, managing partners of law firms, and partners of foreign law firms. The advisory board was previously chaired by former Judge of Appeal and Attorney\\-General [VK Rajah](/wiki/VK_Rajah \"VK Rajah\") SC; [Ang Cheng Hock](/wiki/Ang_Cheng_Hock \"Ang Cheng Hock\") took over in 2024\\. Rajah, together with former Judge of Appeal [Chao Hick Tin](/wiki/Chao_Hick_Tin \"Chao Hick Tin\"), are presently Distinguished Fellows.\n\n",
"### Milestones\n\nOn 18 March 2009, the Doctor of Jurisprudence (JD) programme was launched. In May 2010, the Continuing Legal Education programme (since re\\-branded as SMU Law Academy) was launched.\n\nIn March 2013, the school became the first Asian law school to join the THEMIS network and in November that year a partnership was set up with [Yonsei University](/wiki/Yonsei_University \"Yonsei University\") for a dual JD programme.\n\nThe Applied Research Centre for Intellectual Assets and the Law in Asia (ARCIALA), as well as the Centre for Cross\\-Border Commercial Law in Asia (CEBCLA), were launched in May 2015 and in June that year the school signed a sponsorship and training agreement with WongPartnership. In August, it launched a dual LLM with [Queen Mary, University of London](/wiki/Queen_Mary%2C_University_of_London \"Queen Mary, University of London\").\n\nThe law school building relocated in December 2016 to [Armenian Street](/wiki/Armenian_Street%2C_Singapore \"Armenian Street, Singapore\"), though the premises were only officially opened in March 2017, and in October 2017, a [Pro Bono Centre](/wiki/Pro_bono \"Pro bono\") was launched. At the same time, the [Singapore Academy of Law](/wiki/Singapore_Academy_of_Law \"Singapore Academy of Law\")'s Singapore International Dispute Resolution Academy (SIDRA) was launched, which subsequently came under the auspices of the law school in 2019\\.\n\nIn June 2018, the school received a $4\\.5m grant from the National Research Foundation and [IMDA](/wiki/Info-communications_Media_Development_Authority \"Info-communications Media Development Authority\") to helm a research programme on AI and data use. In July that year it launched the LLM in Judicial Studies and in September the Centre for AI and Data Governance (CAIDG). In March 2020, the Centre for Computational Law was established after receiving a $15m grant from the NRF.\n\nOn 11 April 2021, SMU renamed the school to include former Chief Justice [Yong Pung How](/wiki/Yong_Pung_How \"Yong Pung How\")'s name as a recognition for his founding contributions to the university. CEBCLA was also renamed the Centre for Commercial Law in Asia (CCLA).\n\n",
"Programmes\n----------\n\n[thumb\\|A seminar room](/wiki/File:1_singapore_management_university_school_of_law_2017_seminar_room.jpg \"1 singapore management university school of law 2017 seminar room.jpg\")\n\n### Undergraduate LLB\n\nTo be admitted to the [Bachelor of Laws](/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws \"Bachelor of Laws\") (LLB) programme, applicants should have good passes in their respective GCE A\\-Level subjects and also at minimum an A or a B for H1 General Paper or H2 Knowledge and Inquiry. In the 2015 University Admissions Exercise, both the 10th and 90th percentile had an Indicative Grade Profile (of 3H2/1H1 content\\-based subjects) of AAA/A. Potential candidates are called for a short written test and a group interview.\n\nThe LLB programme is a four\\-year programme; it is also possible to enroll in the double degree programme (combining law with accountancy, business, economics, information systems, or social sciences) or to do a major (such as the Politics, Law, and Economics programme). Students must also complete ten weeks of internship and 80 hours of community service to graduate. The law school is partnered with law schools including [Peking University](/wiki/Peking_University \"Peking University\"), [University of New South Wales](/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales \"University of New South Wales\"), [University of San Diego](/wiki/University_of_San_Diego \"University of San Diego\"), and [University of St Gallen](/wiki/University_of_St_Gallen \"University of St Gallen\") for direct law\\-to\\-law exchange.\n\nBased on the 2017 Graduate Employment Survey, 97\\.6% of the school's graduates found employment; the school's graduates also commanded the highest mean basic monthly salary among all schools in the university. In the 2018 survey, the overall rate was 92\\.7%. In the 2023 survey, 99\\.2% found employment, with the mean gross monthly salary at $6,509 and median salary at $7,000\\. Alumni of the school are well\\-represented in the major law firms, the Supreme Court [Justices' Law Clerk](/wiki/Law_clerk \"Law clerk\") scheme, and leading postgraduate programmes\n\n### Juris Doctor\n\nIntroduced in 2009, the [Juris Doctor](/wiki/Juris_Doctor \"Juris Doctor\") programme is an additional route for persons who already have a degree in another discipline or a law degree not recognised for the purpose of admission to the Singapore Bar to become members of the Singapore legal profession. Applicants must have completed at least three years of full\\-time undergraduate education and show proficiency in the English language. SMU's JD curriculum is a mix of compulsory law courses and electives. Similar to all SMU undergraduates, six weeks of internship and 50 hours of community service are required for graduation. Students are required to complete a total of 25 Credit Units of law courses. Although students are expected to complete the programme within three years, the programme may be accelerated. Students may also enrol in the dual\\-JD programme with [Yonsei Law School](/wiki/Yonsei_Law_School \"Yonsei Law School\").\n\nCompletion of the either the LLB or JD allows a student to proceed directly to Part B of the local [bar examination](/wiki/Bar_examination \"Bar examination\") and be [called](/wiki/Bar_%28law%29 \"Bar (law)\") as a lawyer.\n\n### LLM and PhD\n\nThere are three [Master of Laws](/wiki/Master_of_Laws \"Master of Laws\") (LLM) options: the LLM in Cross\\-Border Business and Finance Law in Asia, the Dual LLM in Commercial Law (Singapore and London), and the LLM in Judicial Studies (which is offered jointly with the [Supreme Court of Singapore](/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Singapore \"Supreme Court of Singapore\")). The first two options are one\\-year programmes while the dual LLM is a 15\\-month programme where students split their time between SMU and [Queen Mary University of London](/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London \"Queen Mary University of London\"). A PhD in Law, Commerce, and Technology was launched in 2021\\.\n\n### Professional\n\nThe SMU Law Academy or SMULA runs seminars on developments in the law for the legal profession; attendees receive Continuing Professional Development points. Courses taught to the LLB, JD, and LLM students may also be audited. Since 2020, SMULA also offers a preparatory programme for Part A of the local [bar examinations](/wiki/Bar_examination \"Bar examination\").\n\n",
"### Undergraduate LLB\n\nTo be admitted to the [Bachelor of Laws](/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws \"Bachelor of Laws\") (LLB) programme, applicants should have good passes in their respective GCE A\\-Level subjects and also at minimum an A or a B for H1 General Paper or H2 Knowledge and Inquiry. In the 2015 University Admissions Exercise, both the 10th and 90th percentile had an Indicative Grade Profile (of 3H2/1H1 content\\-based subjects) of AAA/A. Potential candidates are called for a short written test and a group interview.\n\nThe LLB programme is a four\\-year programme; it is also possible to enroll in the double degree programme (combining law with accountancy, business, economics, information systems, or social sciences) or to do a major (such as the Politics, Law, and Economics programme). Students must also complete ten weeks of internship and 80 hours of community service to graduate. The law school is partnered with law schools including [Peking University](/wiki/Peking_University \"Peking University\"), [University of New South Wales](/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales \"University of New South Wales\"), [University of San Diego](/wiki/University_of_San_Diego \"University of San Diego\"), and [University of St Gallen](/wiki/University_of_St_Gallen \"University of St Gallen\") for direct law\\-to\\-law exchange.\n\nBased on the 2017 Graduate Employment Survey, 97\\.6% of the school's graduates found employment; the school's graduates also commanded the highest mean basic monthly salary among all schools in the university. In the 2018 survey, the overall rate was 92\\.7%. In the 2023 survey, 99\\.2% found employment, with the mean gross monthly salary at $6,509 and median salary at $7,000\\. Alumni of the school are well\\-represented in the major law firms, the Supreme Court [Justices' Law Clerk](/wiki/Law_clerk \"Law clerk\") scheme, and leading postgraduate programmes\n\n",
"### Juris Doctor\n\nIntroduced in 2009, the [Juris Doctor](/wiki/Juris_Doctor \"Juris Doctor\") programme is an additional route for persons who already have a degree in another discipline or a law degree not recognised for the purpose of admission to the Singapore Bar to become members of the Singapore legal profession. Applicants must have completed at least three years of full\\-time undergraduate education and show proficiency in the English language. SMU's JD curriculum is a mix of compulsory law courses and electives. Similar to all SMU undergraduates, six weeks of internship and 50 hours of community service are required for graduation. Students are required to complete a total of 25 Credit Units of law courses. Although students are expected to complete the programme within three years, the programme may be accelerated. Students may also enrol in the dual\\-JD programme with [Yonsei Law School](/wiki/Yonsei_Law_School \"Yonsei Law School\").\n\nCompletion of the either the LLB or JD allows a student to proceed directly to Part B of the local [bar examination](/wiki/Bar_examination \"Bar examination\") and be [called](/wiki/Bar_%28law%29 \"Bar (law)\") as a lawyer.\n\n",
"### LLM and PhD\n\nThere are three [Master of Laws](/wiki/Master_of_Laws \"Master of Laws\") (LLM) options: the LLM in Cross\\-Border Business and Finance Law in Asia, the Dual LLM in Commercial Law (Singapore and London), and the LLM in Judicial Studies (which is offered jointly with the [Supreme Court of Singapore](/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Singapore \"Supreme Court of Singapore\")). The first two options are one\\-year programmes while the dual LLM is a 15\\-month programme where students split their time between SMU and [Queen Mary University of London](/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London \"Queen Mary University of London\"). A PhD in Law, Commerce, and Technology was launched in 2021\\.\n\n",
"### Professional\n\nThe SMU Law Academy or SMULA runs seminars on developments in the law for the legal profession; attendees receive Continuing Professional Development points. Courses taught to the LLB, JD, and LLM students may also be audited. Since 2020, SMULA also offers a preparatory programme for Part A of the local [bar examinations](/wiki/Bar_examination \"Bar examination\").\n\n",
"Student life\n------------\n\n### International moot competitions\n\n[thumb\\|Moot court training session in progress at the [David Marshall](/wiki/David_Marshall_%28Singaporean_politician%29 \"David Marshall (Singaporean politician)\") Moot Court](/wiki/File:1_singapore_management_university_school_of_law_david_marshall_moot_court_2017.jpg \"1 singapore management university school of law david marshall moot court 2017.jpg\")\nSince the launch of its [international moots](/wiki/Moot_court \"Moot court\") programme in 2010, the school has been to the championship final of the largest and most established international moot court competitions, including [Jessup](/wiki/Jessup_Moot \"Jessup Moot\") (2013, 2014, and 2022\\), [Vis](/wiki/Vis_Moot \"Vis Moot\") (2015, 2016, and 2021\\), Vis East (2015, 2016, and 2022\\), [Price](/wiki/Price_Moot \"Price Moot\") (2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020\\), [International Criminal Court](/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_Moot \"International Criminal Court Moot\") (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, and 2024\\), [Frankfurt](/wiki/Frankfurt_Moot \"Frankfurt Moot\") (2015, 2017, and 2022\\), [IHL](/wiki/Hong_Kong_Red_Cross_International_Humanitarian_Law_Moot \"Hong Kong Red Cross International Humanitarian Law Moot\") (2016, 2019, and 2022\\), and Lachs (2024\\). As of October 2024, SMU has emerged champions 61 times, 1st runner\\-up 46 times, and 2nd runner\\-up 57 times in international moot competitions, in addition to more than 350 Best Oralist and Best Memorial prizes and dozens of national and regional round championships.\n\nSMU set a world record of eight international moot finals in a single season in 2014/15 (winning a then world\\-record five), a feat it bettered in 2015/16 and again in 2023/24 when it reached nine international moot finals. It also became the first university in the history of international moots to successfully defend a major moot international title when it won back\\-to\\-back championships in the ICC moot in 2015 and 2016; it became the second university to do the same when it won back\\-to\\-back championships in the Price moot in 2016 and 2017\\. In 2022, it was ranked No. 1 worldwide in moots by nica.team, following a record six international titles for the season.\n\n### International mediation and negotiation competitions\n\nSMU has won and achieved podium finishes in various international mediation and negotiation competitions such as Advocate Maximus (2018 and 2019\\), ICC Mediation Australia (2020\\), CDRC Vienna (2018 and 2023\\), SK Misra Negotiation (2023\\), ODRC (2023\\), Lex Infinitum (2023\\), HSF\\-Delhi Negotiation (2024\\), and A\\&O Dealmaking (2024\\).\n\n### Law reform and public legal education\n\nSMU students have given representations at various law reform efforts, including during the 2016 Constitutional Commission's hearing on the [elected presidency](/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Singapore \"Presidential elections in Singapore\") and the 2018 Select Committee's hearing on [deliberate online falsehoods](/wiki/Select_Committee_on_Deliberate_Online_Falsehoods \"Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods\").\n\nIn terms of public legal education efforts, the student club Lexicon collaborates with the [Supreme Court of Singapore](/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Singapore \"Supreme Court of Singapore\") to write case briefs on selected Court of Appeal judgments. In 2021, Lexicon launched its [law journal](/wiki/Law_journal \"Law journal\"), Singapore Law Journal.\n\n",
"### International moot competitions\n\n[thumb\\|Moot court training session in progress at the [David Marshall](/wiki/David_Marshall_%28Singaporean_politician%29 \"David Marshall (Singaporean politician)\") Moot Court](/wiki/File:1_singapore_management_university_school_of_law_david_marshall_moot_court_2017.jpg \"1 singapore management university school of law david marshall moot court 2017.jpg\")\nSince the launch of its [international moots](/wiki/Moot_court \"Moot court\") programme in 2010, the school has been to the championship final of the largest and most established international moot court competitions, including [Jessup](/wiki/Jessup_Moot \"Jessup Moot\") (2013, 2014, and 2022\\), [Vis](/wiki/Vis_Moot \"Vis Moot\") (2015, 2016, and 2021\\), Vis East (2015, 2016, and 2022\\), [Price](/wiki/Price_Moot \"Price Moot\") (2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2020\\), [International Criminal Court](/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_Moot \"International Criminal Court Moot\") (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, and 2024\\), [Frankfurt](/wiki/Frankfurt_Moot \"Frankfurt Moot\") (2015, 2017, and 2022\\), [IHL](/wiki/Hong_Kong_Red_Cross_International_Humanitarian_Law_Moot \"Hong Kong Red Cross International Humanitarian Law Moot\") (2016, 2019, and 2022\\), and Lachs (2024\\). As of October 2024, SMU has emerged champions 61 times, 1st runner\\-up 46 times, and 2nd runner\\-up 57 times in international moot competitions, in addition to more than 350 Best Oralist and Best Memorial prizes and dozens of national and regional round championships.\n\nSMU set a world record of eight international moot finals in a single season in 2014/15 (winning a then world\\-record five), a feat it bettered in 2015/16 and again in 2023/24 when it reached nine international moot finals. It also became the first university in the history of international moots to successfully defend a major moot international title when it won back\\-to\\-back championships in the ICC moot in 2015 and 2016; it became the second university to do the same when it won back\\-to\\-back championships in the Price moot in 2016 and 2017\\. In 2022, it was ranked No. 1 worldwide in moots by nica.team, following a record six international titles for the season.\n\n",
"### International mediation and negotiation competitions\n\nSMU has won and achieved podium finishes in various international mediation and negotiation competitions such as Advocate Maximus (2018 and 2019\\), ICC Mediation Australia (2020\\), CDRC Vienna (2018 and 2023\\), SK Misra Negotiation (2023\\), ODRC (2023\\), Lex Infinitum (2023\\), HSF\\-Delhi Negotiation (2024\\), and A\\&O Dealmaking (2024\\).\n\n",
"### Law reform and public legal education\n\nSMU students have given representations at various law reform efforts, including during the 2016 Constitutional Commission's hearing on the [elected presidency](/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Singapore \"Presidential elections in Singapore\") and the 2018 Select Committee's hearing on [deliberate online falsehoods](/wiki/Select_Committee_on_Deliberate_Online_Falsehoods \"Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods\").\n\nIn terms of public legal education efforts, the student club Lexicon collaborates with the [Supreme Court of Singapore](/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Singapore \"Supreme Court of Singapore\") to write case briefs on selected Court of Appeal judgments. In 2021, Lexicon launched its [law journal](/wiki/Law_journal \"Law journal\"), Singapore Law Journal.\n\n",
"Research impact\n---------------\n\nThe faculty have appeared as [amicus curiae](/wiki/Amicus_curiae \"Amicus curiae\") before courts in Singapore and overseas. The faculty have also authored various leading texts regularly cited by the courts, such as *The Law of Torts in Singapore* by Gary Chan and *The Law of Contract in Singapore* by [Goh Yihan](/wiki/Goh_Yihan \"Goh Yihan\") et al.\n\nIn the [QS World University Rankings](/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings \"QS World University Rankings\") by subject, the school was ranked 101–150 for Law and Legal Studies in 2021 and 90–100 in 2022\\. As a university, SMU was ranked 71–80 in 2021 by QS for Top Young Universities.\n\n",
"Notable alumni\n--------------\n\n* [Pritam Singh](/wiki/Pritam_Singh_%28Singaporean_politician%29 \"Pritam Singh (Singaporean politician)\") (JD'11\\): Member of Parliament and Secretary\\-General of [The Workers' Party](/wiki/Workers%27_Party_%28Singapore%29 \"Workers' Party (Singapore)\")\n* [Nadia Ahmad Samdin](/wiki/Nadia_Ahmad_Samdin \"Nadia Ahmad Samdin\") (LLB'13\\): Member of Parliament\n* [Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim](/wiki/Zhulkarnain_Abdul_Rahim \"Zhulkarnain Abdul Rahim\") (LLM'13\\): Member of Parliament\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n[Category:2007 establishments in Singapore](/wiki/Category:2007_establishments_in_Singapore \"2007 establishments in Singapore\")\n[Category:Law schools in Singapore](/wiki/Category:Law_schools_in_Singapore \"Law schools in Singapore\")\n[Category:Singapore Management University](/wiki/Category:Singapore_Management_University \"Singapore Management University\")\n\n"
]
}
|
2011 Waratah Cup
|
{
"id": [
13696749
],
"name": [
"6ii9"
]
}
|
79joej49i55qpdbdf20njl24guh7ebz
|
2024-03-08T12:30:35Z
| 1,212,551,932 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Preliminary round",
"First round",
"Second round",
"Third round",
"Fourth round",
"Quarterfinals",
"Semi-finals",
"Grand final",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **2011 [Waratah Cup](/wiki/Waratah_Cup \"Waratah Cup\")** was the 9th season of [Football NSW](/wiki/Football_NSW \"Football NSW\")'s knockout cup competition under the Waratah Cup name. 33 different Associations registered teams into the tournament, including [Canberra City FC](/wiki/Canberra_City_FC \"Canberra City FC\") from the [ACT](/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory \"Australian Capital Territory\"), [Wagga Wagga](/wiki/Wagga_Wagga%2C_New_South_Wales \"Wagga Wagga, New South Wales\") from the Riverina, and three clubs from the Illawarra Region. Entry levels are staggered, with State League Two clubs entering in Round 1, Super League and State League One clubs entering in Round 2, while all NSW Premier League clubs joined in Round 3\\.\n\nThe competition was won by [NSW Premier League](/wiki/NSW_Premier_League \"NSW Premier League\") club [Manly United](/wiki/Manly_United_FC \"Manly United FC\"), their first title.\n\n†–After [extra time](/wiki/Overtime_%28sports%29%23Association_football%29 \"Overtime (sports)#Association football)\")\n\n",
"Preliminary round\n-----------------\n\nThe draw was announced on 23 March 2011, and all games were played by 31 March 2011\\.\n\n| | Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Ground | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | Padstow United | 3–4 | **All Saints Oatley** | Playford Park | | 2 | Olympic Eagles | 1–8 | **Fairfield Wanderers FC** | Heffron Park | | 3 | Barden Ridgebacks | 0–1 | **Bonnet Bay** | The Ridge | | 4 | **Bass Hill** | 3–2 | Hurstville City Minotaurs | Walshaw Park | | 5 | **Gymea United** | 6–4 † | Luddenham United | Crest Soccer Fields | | 6 | Mosman FC | 0–1 | **Northbridge FC** | Christie Park | | 7 | [Nepean FC](/wiki/Nepean_FC \"Nepean FC\") | 0–2 | **Pacific Hills** | Cook Park | | 8 | Gunners Soccer Club | 2–3 | **Waverly Old Boys** | Bensley Rd | | 9 | **FC Gazy Lansvale** | 4–0 | Dee Why FC | Cherrybrook Park | | 10 | **Eastwood St. Andrews** | 7–1 | Gwawley Bay | Christie Park | | 11 | **Chullora Wolves** | 4–1 | Bringelly Football Clubs | Playford Park | | 12 | Rydalmere FC | 2–6 | **Dunbar Rovers** | William Lawson Res | | 13 | [Lokomotiv Cove FC](/wiki/Lokomotiv_Cove_FC \"Lokomotiv Cove FC\") | 2–2 † | **Como West Jannali** | Alexandria Oval | |Como West Jannali advance 4–2 on penalties. | 14 | Bankstown Sports Strikers | 0–2 | **Pagewood Botany FC** | Crest Soccer Fields | | 15 | [Prospect United](/wiki/Prospect_United_FC \"Prospect United FC\") | 2–3 | **Enfield Rovers (A)**\\* | William Lawson Res | | 16 | F.C Lansvale United | 1–2 | **Chopin Park Rams FC** | Hartley Oval | | 17 | **Hawkesbury City SC** | 3–0 | Glebe Wanderers | Bensons Lane | | 18 | **Redbacks Football Club** | 5–2 | Arncliffe Aurora | George Thornton | | 19 | Springwood United SC | 0–2 | **Glenmore Park** | Summerhayes Park | | 20 | **[Hakoah FC](/wiki/Sydney_City_Soccer_Club \"Sydney City Soccer Club\")** | 2–0 | Roosters FC | Hensley Athletic | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n* Enfield Rovers fielded two teams in the competition.\n* Teams receiving a Bye into the First Round : Caringbah Redbacks, Port Kembla, Wagga United; Dandaloo Football Club, [Canberra FC](/wiki/Canberra_FC \"Canberra FC\"), Picton Rangers, Menai Hawks, Lidcombe Waratah, Belmore Hercules, Bathurst '75, Collaroy Cromer and Enfield Rovers (B)\n",
"First round\n-----------\n\n| | Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Ground | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **Fairfield Wanderers** | 2–1 | Belmore Hercules | Knight Park 4 | | 2 | Bass Hill | 1–4 | **[Northbridge FC](/wiki/Northbridge_FC \"Northbridge FC\")** | Walshaw Park | | 3 | **Collaroy Cromer** | w/o | Gymea United | [Cromer Park](/wiki/Cromer_Park \"Cromer Park\") | |Walkover for Collaroy Cromer; Gymea United removed. | 4 | **FC Gazy Lansvale** | 3–1 | Bonnet Bay | Cherrybrook Park | | 5 | **Eastwood St. Andrews** | 3–0 | Waverly Old Boys | Christie Park | | 6 | **Pacific Hills** | 2–1 | Dunbar Rovers | Christie Park | | 7 | Redbacks Football Club | 0–2 † | **Como West Jannali** | George Thomton | | 8 | **[Hakoah FC](/wiki/Sydney_City_Soccer_Club \"Sydney City Soccer Club\")** | 6–2 | Chullora Wolves | Hensley Athletic | | 9 | **Hawkesbury City SC** | 6–0 | Enfield Rovers (B) | Bensons Lane | | 10 | **Chopin Park Rams** | 2–0 | Lidcombe Waratah | Bensons Lane | | 11 | Caringbah Redbacks | 1–4 † | **Pagewood Botany** | [Seymour Shaw Park](/wiki/Seymour_Shaw_Park \"Seymour Shaw Park\") | | 12 | **Port Kembla** | 4–0 | Enfield Rovers (A) | Wetherill Park Primbee | | 13 | **Picton Rangers** | 1–0 | Menai Hawks | Wetherill Park Primbee | | 14 | **Dandaloo FC** | 7–1 | All Saints Oatley | JJ Kelly Park | | 15 | Glenmore Park | 1–3 | **Bathurst '75** | Parker St. Oval | | 16 | **[Canberra FC](/wiki/Canberra_FC \"Canberra FC\")** | 9–1 | Wagga United | Deakin Stadium | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Second round\n------------\n\n| | Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Ground | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **[Blacktown Spartans FC](/wiki/Blacktown_Spartans_FC \"Blacktown Spartans FC\")** | 3–0 † | [Balmain FC](/wiki/Balmain_SC \"Balmain SC\") | Francis Park | | 2 | [Central Coast Lightning](/wiki/Central_Coast_Lightning \"Central Coast Lightning\") | 1–2 | **Fairfield Bulls** | Pluim Park | | 3 | **[Fraser Park FC](/wiki/Fraser_Park_FC \"Fraser Park FC\")** | 2–1 | Pacific Hills Dural | Fraser Park | | 4 | **Hills Brumbies** | 4–3 | Gladesville\\-Ryde Magic | Second Ponds Oval | | 5 | **[Macarthur Rams](/wiki/Macarthur_Rams \"Macarthur Rams\")** | 3–1 | [Canberra FC](/wiki/Canberra_FC \"Canberra FC\") | Lynwood Park | | 6 | **[St George FC](/wiki/St_George_FC \"St George FC\")** | 7–3 | [Inter Lions](/wiki/Inter_Lions \"Inter Lions\") | St. George Stadium | | 7 | [Spirit FC](/wiki/Northern_Spirit_FC \"Northern Spirit FC\") | 1–3 | **[Northbridge FC](/wiki/Northbridge_FC \"Northbridge FC\")** | Christie Park | | 8 | Pagewood\\-Botany | 0–5 | **[Granville Rage](/wiki/Granville_Rage \"Granville Rage\")** | Hensley Athletic | | 9 | **[Sydney University](/wiki/Sydney_University \"Sydney University\")** | 2–1 | [UNSW](/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales \"University of New South Wales\") | Sydney Uni. Oval 1 | | 10 | **[West Sydney Berries](/wiki/West_Sydney_Berries \"West Sydney Berries\")** | 4–0 | [Stanmore Hawks](/wiki/Stanmore_Hawks \"Stanmore Hawks\") | Lidcombe Oval | | 11 | **[Mt Druitt Town Rangers](/wiki/Mt_Druitt_Town_Rangers \"Mt Druitt Town Rangers\")** | 2–1 † | Dulwich Hill FC | Popondetta Park | | 12 | **Mounties Wanderers** | 7–0 | Como\\-West Jannali | Cook Park | | 13 | **Schofield Scorpions** | 3–0 | Bathurst '75 | CSI Sports Ground | | 14 | Camden Tigers | 1–2 | **Fairfield City** | Ron Dine Reserve | | 15 | **Port Kembla** | 2–1 | [Hurstville ZFC](/wiki/Hurstville_ZFC \"Hurstville ZFC\") | Wetherill Park Primbee | | 16 | [Hakoah](/wiki/Sydney_City_SC \"Sydney City SC\") | 0–1 | **Dandaloo FC** | Hensley Athletic | | 17 | **Hawkesbury SC** | w/o | Collaroy Cromer | | |Walkover for Hawkesbury SC; Collaroy Cromer removed. | 18 | **Chopin Park Rams** | 3–3 † | Eastwood St. Andrews | Bensons Lane | |Chopin Park Rams advance 6–5 on penalties. | 19 | **FC Gazy Lansvale** | 2–1 | Picton Rangers | Cherrybrook Park | | 20 | **Fairfield Wanderers** | 2–0 | [Northern Tigers](/wiki/Northern_Tigers_FC \"Northern Tigers FC\") | Knight Park | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Third round\n-----------\n\n| | Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Ground | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **[Fraser Park FC](/wiki/Fraser_Park_FC \"Fraser Park FC\")** | 4–3 † | Chopin Park Rams | Fraser Park | | 2 | [Bonnyrigg White Eagles](/wiki/Bonnyrigg_White_Eagles \"Bonnyrigg White Eagles\") | 2–3 | **[Sydney Olympic](/wiki/Sydney_Olympic \"Sydney Olympic\")** | [Bonnyrigg Sports Club](/wiki/Bonnyrigg_Sports_Club \"Bonnyrigg Sports Club\") | | 3 | **Mounties Wanderers** | 2–0 | FC Gazy Lansvale | Cook Park | | 4 | **[Blacktown City Demons](/wiki/Blacktown_City_Demons \"Blacktown City Demons\")** | 3–0 | Fairfield Bulls | [Gabbie Stadium](/wiki/Gabbie_Stadium \"Gabbie Stadium\") | | 5 | **[Sydney United](/wiki/Sydney_United \"Sydney United\")** | 4–2 † | [Sydney University](/wiki/Sydney_University \"Sydney University\") | [Sydney United Sports Centre](/wiki/Sydney_United_Sports_Centre \"Sydney United Sports Centre\") | | 6 | **[Bankstown City Lions](/wiki/Bankstown_City_Lions \"Bankstown City Lions\")** | 1–0 | Schofield Scorpions | [Jensen Oval](/wiki/Jensen_Oval \"Jensen Oval\") | | 7 | [Mt Druitt Town Rangers](/wiki/Mt_Druitt_Town_Rangers \"Mt Druitt Town Rangers\") | 4–7 | **[Northbridge FC](/wiki/Northbridge_FC \"Northbridge FC\")** | Popondetta Park | | 8 | **[Marcarthur Rams](/wiki/Macarthur_Rams_Football_Club \"Macarthur Rams Football Club\")** | 2–1 | **Fairfield City Lions** | Lynwood Park | | 9 | [Marconi Stallions](/wiki/Marconi_Stallions \"Marconi Stallions\") | 2–3 | **[West Sydney Berries](/wiki/West_Sydney_Berries \"West Sydney Berries\")** | [Marconi Stadium](/wiki/Marconi_Stadium \"Marconi Stadium\") | | 10 | **[APIA](/wiki/APIA_Leichhardt_Tigers \"APIA Leichhardt Tigers\")** | 5–0 | Fairfield Wanderers | [Lambert Park](/wiki/Lambert_Park \"Lambert Park\") | | 11 | **[Blacktown Spartans FC](/wiki/Blacktown_Spartans_FC \"Blacktown Spartans FC\")** | 3–1 | Port Kembla | Francis Park | | 12 | **Hills Brumbies** | 3–1 | [Rockdale City Suns](/wiki/Rockdale_City_Suns \"Rockdale City Suns\") | Second Ponds Reserve | | 13 | Hawkesbury City SC | 1–4 | **[South Coast Wolves](/wiki/South_Coast_Wolves_Football_Club \"South Coast Wolves Football Club\")** | Bensons Lane | | 14 | [Granville Rage](/wiki/Granville_Rage \"Granville Rage\") | 0–2 | **[Sutherland Sharks](/wiki/Sutherland_Sharks \"Sutherland Sharks\")** | Garside Park | | 15 | [St George FC](/wiki/St_George_FC \"St George FC\") | 2–3 | **[Parramatta Eagles](/wiki/Parramatta_Eagles \"Parramatta Eagles\")** | St.George Stadium | | 16 | **[Manly United](/wiki/Manly_United_FC \"Manly United FC\")** | 3–2 | Dandaloo FC | [Cromer Park](/wiki/Cromer_Park \"Cromer Park\") | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Fourth round\n------------\n\n| | Tie no | Home team | Score | Away team | Ground | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **[Sydney Olympic](/wiki/Sydney_Olympic \"Sydney Olympic\")** | 3–0 | [Blacktown City Demons](/wiki/Blacktown_City_Demons \"Blacktown City Demons\") | [Belmore Oval](/wiki/Belmore_Oval \"Belmore Oval\") | | 2 | **[South Coast Wolves](/wiki/South_Coast_Wolves_Football_Club \"South Coast Wolves Football Club\")** | 3–2 † | [Bankstown City Lions](/wiki/Bankstown_City_Lions \"Bankstown City Lions\") | [John Crehan Park](/wiki/John_Crehan_Park \"John Crehan Park\") | | 3 | **[Parramatta Eagles](/wiki/Parramatta_Eagles \"Parramatta Eagles\")** | 3–1 | [Sutherland Sharks](/wiki/Sutherland_Sharks \"Sutherland Sharks\") | [Melita Stadium](/wiki/Melita_Stadium \"Melita Stadium\") | | 4 | **Mounties Wanderers** | 3–1 | [West Sydney Berries](/wiki/West_Sydney_Berries \"West Sydney Berries\") | Cook Park | | 5 | **[APIA Leichhardt Tigers](/wiki/APIA_Leichhardt_Tigers \"APIA Leichhardt Tigers\")** | 4–3 † | [Macarthur Rams](/wiki/Macarthur_Rams \"Macarthur Rams\") | Lambert Park | | 6 | **Hills Brumbies** | 1–0 | [Sydney United](/wiki/Sydney_United \"Sydney United\") | Second Ponds Oval | | 7 | **[Manly United](/wiki/Manly_United_FC \"Manly United FC\")** | 3–0 | [Fraser Park FC](/wiki/Fraser_Park_FC \"Fraser Park FC\") | Cromer Park | | 8 | **[Blacktown Spartans FC](/wiki/Blacktown_Spartans_FC \"Blacktown Spartans FC\")** | 3–1 | [Northbridge FC](/wiki/Northbridge_FC \"Northbridge FC\") | Francis Park | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n",
"Quarterfinals\n-------------\n\nThe draw for the quarterfinals was announced on 14 June 2011\\. Of the 8 teams, 5 were from the [NSW Premier League](/wiki/NSW_Premier_League \"NSW Premier League\"), 2 clubs ([Hills Brumbies F.C.](/wiki/Hills_Brumbies_F.C. \"Hills Brumbies F.C.\") \\& [Blacktown Spartans](/wiki/Blacktown_Spartans_FC \"Blacktown Spartans FC\")) from the [NSW Super League](/wiki/NSW_Super_League \"NSW Super League\"), whilst [Mounties Wanderers](/wiki/Mounties_Wanderers_F.C. \"Mounties Wanderers F.C.\") play in the [State League One](/wiki/NSW_State_League_Division_One \"NSW State League Division One\").\n\n",
"Semi\\-finals\n------------\n\n",
"Grand final\n-----------\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [NSW Premier League](/wiki/NSW_Premier_League \"NSW Premier League\")\n* [NSW Super League](/wiki/NSW_Super_League \"NSW Super League\")\n* [NSW State League Division One](/wiki/NSW_State_League_Division_One \"NSW State League Division One\")\n* [NSW State League Division Two](/wiki/NSW_State_League_Division_Two \"NSW State League Division Two\")\n* [Football NSW](/wiki/Football_NSW \"Football NSW\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Waratah Cup](/wiki/Category:2011_in_Australian_soccer \"2011 in Australian soccer\")\n[2011](/wiki/Category:Waratah_Cup \"Waratah Cup\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Anticrates crocophaea
|
{
"id": [
14423536
],
"name": [
"Plantdrew"
]
}
|
1wzwtacl1o1i5d21uplld9nj90d63od
|
2021-10-01T04:41:56Z
| 1,044,344,455 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Anticrates crocophaea*** is a [moth](/wiki/Moth \"Moth\") of the family [Lacturidae](/wiki/Lacturidae \"Lacturidae\"). It is known from [South Africa](/wiki/South_Africa \"South Africa\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Endemic moths of South Africa](/wiki/Category:Endemic_moths_of_South_Africa \"Endemic moths of South Africa\")\n[Category:Zygaenoidea](/wiki/Category:Zygaenoidea \"Zygaenoidea\")\n[Category:Moths of Africa](/wiki/Category:Moths_of_Africa \"Moths of Africa\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Boada
|
{
"id": [
6056090
],
"name": [
"Laterthanyouthink"
]
}
|
m4mivne26htwow0e80yhw80z94lc72i
|
2022-02-21T08:20:19Z
| 1,073,153,531 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Boada",
"People",
"Places",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"*Boada* may refer to:\n\n",
"People\n------\n\n* [Joan Boada](/wiki/Joan_Boada \"Joan Boada\"), Cuban ballet dancer\n* [Lucas Boada](/wiki/Lucas_Boada \"Lucas Boada\"), Cuban baseball player\n",
"Places\n------\n\n* [Boada de Campos](/wiki/Boada_de_Campos \"Boada de Campos\"), a municipality in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain\n* , a village in Burgos province, Spain\n* [Boada, Salamanca](/wiki/Boada%2C_Salamanca \"Boada, Salamanca\"), a municipality in Salamanca province, Spain\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Boado, Ourense](/wiki/Boado%2C_Ourense \"Boado, Ourense\"), a place near Xinzo de Limia, Ourense province, Spain\n\n"
]
}
|
Abdisho
|
{
"id": [
11521989
],
"name": [
"Shhhnotsoloud"
]
}
|
3sr0d6etytw4gc4yxp2kr67jrm61jm4
|
2024-09-01T10:03:46Z
| 1,241,941,185 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Abdisho",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"**Abdisho**, **ʾAbdisho**, **Abdishu**, or **ʿAbd Īshūʿ** (, ) meaning 'servant of Jesus' in [Syriac](/wiki/Syriac_language \"Syriac language\"), is a [Syriac](/wiki/Assyrian_people \"Assyrian people\") given name.\n\nNotable people with the name include:\n\n* [Abdisho (died 345\\)](/wiki/Abdisho_%28died_345%29 \"Abdisho (died 345)\") (298–345\\), deacon and martyr of the Church of the East\n* a companion in martyrdom to [Desan (bishop)](/wiki/Desan_%28bishop%29 \"Desan (bishop)\")\n* a martyr at Arbela in 376 with [Acepsimas of Hnaita](/wiki/Acepsimas_of_Hnaita \"Acepsimas of Hnaita\")\n* [Abda and Abdisho](/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho \"Abda and Abdisho\"), two Christian bishops who were martyred on May 16, in either 376\n* [Abdishu ibn Bahriz](/wiki/Abdishu_ibn_Bahriz \"Abdishu ibn Bahriz\") , nestorian translator\n* [Abdisho I](/wiki/Abdisho_I \"Abdisho I\"), Patriarch of the Church of the East from 963 to 986\n* [Abdisho III](/wiki/Abdisho_III \"Abdisho III\"), Patriarch of the Church of the East from 1139 to 1148\n* [Abdisho bar Berika](/wiki/Abdisho_bar_Berika \"Abdisho bar Berika\") (Ebed\\-Jesu) (died 1318\\), author of medieval catalogue of ancient Greek and Syriac writers\n* [Abdisho IV Maron](/wiki/Abdisho_IV_Maron \"Abdisho IV Maron\"), second Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church, from 1555 to 1570\n* Abdisho V Khayat, or Mar [Audishu V Khayyath](/wiki/Audishu_V_Khayyath \"Audishu V Khayyath\") (1827–1899\\), patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church from 1894 to 1899\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Odisho (disambiguation)](/wiki/Odisho_%28disambiguation%29 \"Odisho (disambiguation)\")\n\n[Category:Arabic\\-language masculine given names](/wiki/Category:Arabic-language_masculine_given_names \"Arabic-language masculine given names\")\n[Category:Masculine given names](/wiki/Category:Masculine_given_names \"Masculine given names\")\n[Category:Syriac masculine given names](/wiki/Category:Syriac_masculine_given_names \"Syriac masculine given names\")\n\n"
]
}
|
2010–11 WRU Challenge Cup: Tier 2
|
{
"id": [
869314
],
"name": [
"Dicklyon"
]
}
|
jud5laf8t6fgpmvstthjxkb8gozun95
|
2022-12-27T10:32:58Z
| 960,997,460 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Calendar",
"Matches",
"Round 1",
"Round 2",
"Round 3",
"Round 4",
"Finals",
"Quarter-finals",
"Semi-finals",
"Final",
"External links"
],
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"\n\nThe **2010–11 WRU Challenge Cup: Tier 2**, known for sponsorship reasons as the **[SWALEC](/wiki/SWALEC \"SWALEC\") Plate**, is the 3rd [WRU Challenge Cup](/wiki/WRU_Challenge_Cup \"WRU Challenge Cup\"): Tier 2, the annual national [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union \"Rugby union\") cup competition for middle division teams of [Wales](/wiki/Wales \"Wales\"). The competition was won by Ammanford who beat Glynneath 35 – 13 in the final.\n\n",
"Calendar\n--------\n\n| **Stage** | **Date** |\n| --- | --- |\n| **Round 1** | 30 October 2010 |\n| **Round 2** | 11 December 2010 |\n| **Round 3** | 29 January 2011 |\n| **Round 4** | 19 February 2011 |\n| **Quarter\\-finals** | 26 March 2011 |\n| **Semi\\-finals** | 9 April 2011 |\n| **Final** | 2 May 2011 |\n\n",
"Matches\n-------\n\n### Round 1\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Aberavon Quins** | **37 – 10** | Aberavon Green Stars |\n| Abertillery BG | **24 – 34** | **Pill Harriers** |\n| Blaina | **0 – 40** | **Ynysybwl** |\n| **BP Llandarcy** | **54 – 8** | Brynamman |\n| **Brecon** | **23 – 15** | Nantyffylion |\n| **Caernarfon** | **24 – 15** | Bro Ffestiniog |\n| **Dowlais** | **33 – 24** | Fairwater |\n| **Dunvant** | **26 – 25** | Cwmllynfell |\n| Fleur de Lys | **11 – 19** | **Penallta** |\n| Garndiffaith | **14 – 20** | **Abergavenny** |\n| Haverfordwest | **10 – 20** | **Newcastle Emlyn** |\n| Llandeilo | **19 – 21** | **Kidwelly** |\n| **Llantwit Fadre** | **18 – 13** | Pentyrch |\n| **Loughor** | **39 – 37** | Mumbles |\n| **Mountain Ash** | **14 – 10** | Abercynon |\n| **Pwllheli** | **17 – 0** | Colwyn Bay |\n| **Tondu** | '*26 – 21* | Builth Wells |\n\n### Round 2\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Abergavenny | **14 – 27** | **Brynmawr** |\n| **Ammanford** | **36 – 7** | Pontarddulais |\n| **BP Llandarcy** | **15 – 14** | Aberavon Quins |\n| **Brecon** | **29 – 5** | 'Taibach |\n| **Bryncoch** | **31 – 6** | Cwmavon |\n| Caerphilly | **13 – 28'' \\|**Penallta**\\|\\- \\|Croesyceiliog \\|**3 – 29**\\|Pontypool United \\|\\- \\|**Gorseinon**\\|**27 – 10**\\|Dunvant \\|\\- \\|Kenfig Hill \\|**7 – 16**\\|**Heol y Cyw**\\|\\- \\|**Kidwelly**\\|**11 – 6**\\|Crymych \\|\\- \\|Lampeter Town \\|**17 – 23**\\|**Aberystwyth**\\|\\- \\|Llandaff North \\|**18 – 27**\\|**Aberdare**\\|\\- \\|**Llanelli Wanderers**\\|**43 – 3**\\|Laugharne \\|\\- \\|**Llantwit Fadre**\\|**39 – 19**\\|St Peters \\|\\- \\|**Mold**\\|**15 – 12**\\|Bethesda \\|\\- \\|**Mountain Ash**\\|**22 – 7**\\|Llanishen \\|\\- \\|**Nant Conwy**\\|**29 – 10**\\|Llangefni \\|\\- \\|**Penarth**\\|**14 – 12**\\|Rhydyfelin \\|\\- \\|**Penclawdd**\\|**12 – 0**\\|Morriston \\|\\- \\|Pencoed \\|**7 – 31**\\|**Tylorstown**\\|\\- \\|**Pill Harriers**\\|**22 – 5**\\|Tredegar \\|\\- \\|**Pontyberem**\\|**42 – 21**\\|Newcastle Emlyn \\|\\- \\|Pwllheli \\|**18 – 47**\\|**Caernarfon**\\|\\- \\|**Risca**\\|**12 – 11**\\|Gwernyfed \\|\\- \\|**Rhymney**\\|**20 – 5**\\|Ynysybwl \\|\\- \\|**Ruthin**\\|**11 – 6**\\|Llandudno \\|\\- \\|Seven Sisters \\|**14 – 30**\\|**Skewen**\\|\\- \\|**Taffs Well**\\|**29 – 14**\\|Dowlais \\|\\- \\|Tredegar Ironsides \\|**10 – 22**\\|**Newport HSOB**\\|\\- \\|Tumble \\|**24 – 40**\\|**Loughour**\\|\\- \\|Ystalyfera \\|**9 – 19**\\|**Glynneath''' |\n\n### Round 3\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Aberystwyth** | **17 – 12** | Pontyberem |\n| **Ammanford** | **21 – 3** | Penclawdd |\n| BP Llandarcy | **3 – 13** | **Glynneath** |\n| Brecon | **16 – 18** | Tylorstown |\n| **Kidwelly** | **49 – 0** | Llanelli Wanderers |\n| Llantwit Fadre | **12 – 15** | **Mountain Ash** |\n| Loughor | **12 – 15** | **Gorseinon** |\n| Nant Conwy | **13 – 14** | **Caernarfon** |\n| Penarth | **26 – 31** | **Risca** |\n| Pill Harriers | **3 – 10** | **Newport HSOB** |\n| **Pontypool United** | **18 – 16** | Brynmawr |\n| Rhymney | **3 – 8** | **Penallta** |\n| **Ruthin** | **11 – 0** | Mold |\n| **Skewen** | **31 – 0** | Bryncoch |\n| Taffs Well | **13 – 29** | **Aberdare** |\n| **Tondu** | **11 – 7** | Heol y Cyw |\n\n### Round 4\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Aberystwyth | **19 – 21** | **Pontypool United** |\n| **Ammanford** | **15 – 14** | Kidwelly |\n| **Gorseinon** | **21 – 16** | Penallta |\n| Newport HSOB | **17 – 27** | **Glynneath** |\n| **Risca** | **32 – 28** | Caernarfon |\n| Ruthin | **16 – 22** | **Aberdare** |\n| **Tondu** | **15 – 0** | Mountain Ash |\n| **Tylorstown** | **22 – 20** | Skewen |\n\n",
"### Round 1\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Aberavon Quins** | **37 – 10** | Aberavon Green Stars |\n| Abertillery BG | **24 – 34** | **Pill Harriers** |\n| Blaina | **0 – 40** | **Ynysybwl** |\n| **BP Llandarcy** | **54 – 8** | Brynamman |\n| **Brecon** | **23 – 15** | Nantyffylion |\n| **Caernarfon** | **24 – 15** | Bro Ffestiniog |\n| **Dowlais** | **33 – 24** | Fairwater |\n| **Dunvant** | **26 – 25** | Cwmllynfell |\n| Fleur de Lys | **11 – 19** | **Penallta** |\n| Garndiffaith | **14 – 20** | **Abergavenny** |\n| Haverfordwest | **10 – 20** | **Newcastle Emlyn** |\n| Llandeilo | **19 – 21** | **Kidwelly** |\n| **Llantwit Fadre** | **18 – 13** | Pentyrch |\n| **Loughor** | **39 – 37** | Mumbles |\n| **Mountain Ash** | **14 – 10** | Abercynon |\n| **Pwllheli** | **17 – 0** | Colwyn Bay |\n| **Tondu** | '*26 – 21* | Builth Wells |\n\n",
"### Round 2\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Abergavenny | **14 – 27** | **Brynmawr** |\n| **Ammanford** | **36 – 7** | Pontarddulais |\n| **BP Llandarcy** | **15 – 14** | Aberavon Quins |\n| **Brecon** | **29 – 5** | 'Taibach |\n| **Bryncoch** | **31 – 6** | Cwmavon |\n| Caerphilly | **13 – 28'' \\|**Penallta**\\|\\- \\|Croesyceiliog \\|**3 – 29**\\|Pontypool United \\|\\- \\|**Gorseinon**\\|**27 – 10**\\|Dunvant \\|\\- \\|Kenfig Hill \\|**7 – 16**\\|**Heol y Cyw**\\|\\- \\|**Kidwelly**\\|**11 – 6**\\|Crymych \\|\\- \\|Lampeter Town \\|**17 – 23**\\|**Aberystwyth**\\|\\- \\|Llandaff North \\|**18 – 27**\\|**Aberdare**\\|\\- \\|**Llanelli Wanderers**\\|**43 – 3**\\|Laugharne \\|\\- \\|**Llantwit Fadre**\\|**39 – 19**\\|St Peters \\|\\- \\|**Mold**\\|**15 – 12**\\|Bethesda \\|\\- \\|**Mountain Ash**\\|**22 – 7**\\|Llanishen \\|\\- \\|**Nant Conwy**\\|**29 – 10**\\|Llangefni \\|\\- \\|**Penarth**\\|**14 – 12**\\|Rhydyfelin \\|\\- \\|**Penclawdd**\\|**12 – 0**\\|Morriston \\|\\- \\|Pencoed \\|**7 – 31**\\|**Tylorstown**\\|\\- \\|**Pill Harriers**\\|**22 – 5**\\|Tredegar \\|\\- \\|**Pontyberem**\\|**42 – 21**\\|Newcastle Emlyn \\|\\- \\|Pwllheli \\|**18 – 47**\\|**Caernarfon**\\|\\- \\|**Risca**\\|**12 – 11**\\|Gwernyfed \\|\\- \\|**Rhymney**\\|**20 – 5**\\|Ynysybwl \\|\\- \\|**Ruthin**\\|**11 – 6**\\|Llandudno \\|\\- \\|Seven Sisters \\|**14 – 30**\\|**Skewen**\\|\\- \\|**Taffs Well**\\|**29 – 14**\\|Dowlais \\|\\- \\|Tredegar Ironsides \\|**10 – 22**\\|**Newport HSOB**\\|\\- \\|Tumble \\|**24 – 40**\\|**Loughour**\\|\\- \\|Ystalyfera \\|**9 – 19**\\|**Glynneath''' |\n\n",
"### Round 3\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Aberystwyth** | **17 – 12** | Pontyberem |\n| **Ammanford** | **21 – 3** | Penclawdd |\n| BP Llandarcy | **3 – 13** | **Glynneath** |\n| Brecon | **16 – 18** | Tylorstown |\n| **Kidwelly** | **49 – 0** | Llanelli Wanderers |\n| Llantwit Fadre | **12 – 15** | **Mountain Ash** |\n| Loughor | **12 – 15** | **Gorseinon** |\n| Nant Conwy | **13 – 14** | **Caernarfon** |\n| Penarth | **26 – 31** | **Risca** |\n| Pill Harriers | **3 – 10** | **Newport HSOB** |\n| **Pontypool United** | **18 – 16** | Brynmawr |\n| Rhymney | **3 – 8** | **Penallta** |\n| **Ruthin** | **11 – 0** | Mold |\n| **Skewen** | **31 – 0** | Bryncoch |\n| Taffs Well | **13 – 29** | **Aberdare** |\n| **Tondu** | **11 – 7** | Heol y Cyw |\n\n",
"### Round 4\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Aberystwyth | **19 – 21** | **Pontypool United** |\n| **Ammanford** | **15 – 14** | Kidwelly |\n| **Gorseinon** | **21 – 16** | Penallta |\n| Newport HSOB | **17 – 27** | **Glynneath** |\n| **Risca** | **32 – 28** | Caernarfon |\n| Ruthin | **16 – 22** | **Aberdare** |\n| **Tondu** | **15 – 0** | Mountain Ash |\n| **Tylorstown** | **22 – 20** | Skewen |\n\n",
"Finals\n------\n\n### Quarter\\-finals\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Ammanford** | **87 – 20** | Risca |\n| **Glynneath** | **31 – 13** | Aberdare |\n| **Gorseinon** | **37 – 22** | Tylorstown |\n| **Tondu** | **76 – 15** | Pontypool United |\n\n### Semi\\-finals\n\n| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Gorseinon | **26 – 58** | **Ammanford** |\n| Tondu | **3 – 16** | **Glynneath** |\n\n### Final\n\n| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Ammanford** | **35 – 13** | Glynneath |\n\n",
"### Quarter\\-finals\n\n| Home team | Score | Away team |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Ammanford** | **87 – 20** | Risca |\n| **Glynneath** | **31 – 13** | Aberdare |\n| **Gorseinon** | **37 – 22** | Tylorstown |\n| **Tondu** | **76 – 15** | Pontypool United |\n\n",
"### Semi\\-finals\n\n| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Gorseinon | **26 – 58** | **Ammanford** |\n| Tondu | **3 – 16** | **Glynneath** |\n\n",
"### Final\n\n| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **Ammanford** | **35 – 13** | Glynneath |\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [WRU](https://web.archive.org/web/20091120101627/http://wru.co.uk/632.php)\n\n[Challenge Cup](/wiki/Category:2010%E2%80%9311_in_Welsh_rugby_union \"2010–11 in Welsh rugby union\")\n[Category:WRU Challenge Cup](/wiki/Category:WRU_Challenge_Cup \"WRU Challenge Cup\")\n[Wales Cup 2](/wiki/Category:2010%E2%80%9311_rugby_union_tournaments_for_clubs \"2010–11 rugby union tournaments for clubs\")\n\n"
]
}
|
1996–97 Coventry City F.C. season
|
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"id": [
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"name": [
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qu1yyuvzrjk44a8qea0dyhfq6ckted5
|
2023-05-18T21:50:53Z
| 1,155,591,178 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Season summary",
"Final league table",
"Results",
"Legend",
"FA Premier League",
"FA Cup",
"League Cup",
"First-team squad",
"Left club during season",
"Reserve squad",
"Transfers",
"In",
"Out",
"Statistics",
"Appearances and goals",
"References"
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"\n\nDuring the 1996–97 English football season, [Coventry City F.C.](/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C. \"Coventry City F.C.\") competed in the [FA Premier League](/wiki/FA_Premier_League \"FA Premier League\").\n\n",
"Season summary\n--------------\n\nManager [Ron Atkinson](/wiki/Ron_Atkinson \"Ron Atkinson\") stepped up to the role of Director of Football at struggling Coventry City in early November, with assistant [Gordon Strachan](/wiki/Gordon_Strachan \"Gordon Strachan\") stepping up to the manager's seat. A good run of form saw Coventry climb to 11th place in January, but then a decline set in and defeat in the penultimate game of the season made Coventry's 30\\-year stay in the top flight appear to be over. However, with a win over [Tottenham Hotspur](/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C. \"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.\") on the final day of the season and losses for [Sunderland](/wiki/Sunderland_A.F.C. \"Sunderland A.F.C.\") and [Middlesbrough](/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C. \"Middlesbrough F.C.\"), the Sky Blues pulled off a miraculous survival act to book themselves a 31st successive top flight campaign. The key player in the great escape act was striker [Dion Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\"), who scored 14 Premier League goals to attract attention from several larger clubs and encourage calls for an international call\\-up from many observers.\n\nHowever, Coventry only ultimately avoided relegation due to the three\\-point deduction imposed upon Middlesbrough, who had been penalised in mid\\-season for cancelling a fixture at short notice.\n\n",
"Final league table\n------------------\n\n",
"Results\n-------\n\n*Coventry City's score comes first*\n\n### Legend\n\n|Win\n\nDraw\n\nLoss\n\n| |\n\n### FA Premier League\n\n| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 17 August 1996 | [Nottingham Forest](/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_F.C. \"Nottingham Forest F.C.\") | H | 0–3 | 19,468 | |\n 21 August 1996 | [West Ham United](/wiki/West_Ham_United_F.C. \"West Ham United F.C.\") | A | 1–1 | 21,580 | [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") |\n 24 August 1996 | [Chelsea](/wiki/Chelsea_F.C. \"Chelsea F.C.\") | A | 0–2 | 25,024 | |\n 4 September 1996 | [Liverpool](/wiki/Liverpool_F.C. \"Liverpool F.C.\") | H | 0–1 | 23,021 | |\n 7 September 1996 | [Middlesbrough](/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C. \"Middlesbrough F.C.\") | A | 0–4 | 29,811 | |\n 14 September 1996 | [Leeds United](/wiki/Leeds_United_A.F.C. \"Leeds United A.F.C.\") | H | 2–1 | 17,297 | [Salako](/wiki/John_Salako \"John Salako\"), [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n 21 September 1996 | [Sunderland](/wiki/Sunderland_A.F.C. \"Sunderland A.F.C.\") | A | 0–1 | 19,459 | |\n 28 September 1996 | [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers_F.C. \"Blackburn Rovers F.C.\") | H | 0–0 | 17,032 | |\n 13 October 1996 | [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton_F.C. \"Southampton F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 15,485 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 19 October 1996 | [Arsenal](/wiki/Arsenal_F.C. \"Arsenal F.C.\") | A | 0–0 | 38,140 | |\n 26 October 1996 | [Sheffield Wednesday](/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C. \"Sheffield Wednesday F.C.\") | H | 0–0 | 17,267 | |\n 4 November 1996 | [Everton](/wiki/Everton_F.C. \"Everton F.C.\") | A | 1–1 | 31,477 | [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") |\n 16 November 1996 | [Wimbledon](/wiki/Wimbledon_F.C. \"Wimbledon F.C.\") | A | 2–2 | 10,307 | [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\"), [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 23 November 1996 | [Aston Villa](/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C. \"Aston Villa F.C.\") | H | 1–2 | 21,340 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 30 November 1996 | [Derby County](/wiki/Derby_County_F.C. \"Derby County F.C.\") | A | 1–2 | 18,042 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 7 December 1996 | [Tottenham Hotspur](/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C. \"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.\") | H | 1–2 | 19,675 | [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n 17 December 1996 | [Newcastle United](/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C. \"Newcastle United F.C.\") | H | 2–1 | 21,538 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\"), [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") |\n 21 December 1996 | [Leicester City](/wiki/Leicester_City_F.C. \"Leicester City F.C.\") | A | 2–0 | 20,038 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") (2\\) |\n 26 December 1996 | [Leeds United](/wiki/Leeds_United_A.F.C. \"Leeds United A.F.C.\") | A | 3–1 | 36,465 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\"), [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\"), [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") (pen) |\n 28 December 1996 | [Middlesbrough](/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C. \"Middlesbrough F.C.\") | H | 3–0 | 20,617 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\"), [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") (pen), [Liddle](/wiki/Craig_Liddle \"Craig Liddle\") (own goal) |\n 1 January 1997 | [Sunderland](/wiki/Sunderland_A.F.C. \"Sunderland A.F.C.\") | H | 2–2 | 17,700 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\"), [Daish](/wiki/Liam_Daish \"Liam Daish\") |\n 11 January 1997 | [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers_F.C. \"Blackburn Rovers F.C.\") | A | 0–4 | 24,055 | |\n 18 January 1997 | [Manchester United](/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C. \"Manchester United F.C.\") | H | 0–2 | 23,085 | |\n 29 January 1997 | [Nottingham Forest](/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_F.C. \"Nottingham Forest F.C.\") | A | 1–0 | 22,619 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\") |\n 1 February 1997 | [Sheffield Wednesday](/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C. \"Sheffield Wednesday F.C.\") | A | 0–0 | 21,793 | |\n 19 February 1997 | [Aston Villa](/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C. \"Aston Villa F.C.\") | A | 1–2 | 30,409 | [Staunton](/wiki/Steve_Staunton \"Steve Staunton\") (own goal) |\n 22 February 1997 | [Everton](/wiki/Everton_F.C. \"Everton F.C.\") | H | 0–0 | 19,497 | |\n 1 March 1997 | [Manchester United](/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C. \"Manchester United F.C.\") | A | 1–3 | 55,230 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\") |\n 3 March 1997 | [Wimbledon](/wiki/Wimbledon_F.C. \"Wimbledon F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 15,273 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 8 March 1997 | [Leicester City](/wiki/Leicester_City_F.C. \"Leicester City F.C.\") | H | 0–0 | 19,220 | |\n 15 March 1997 | [Newcastle United](/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C. \"Newcastle United F.C.\") | A | 0–4 | 36,571 | |\n 22 March 1997 | [West Ham United](/wiki/West_Ham_United_F.C. \"West Ham United F.C.\") | H | 1–3 | 22,291 | [Rieper](/wiki/Marc_Rieper \"Marc Rieper\") (own goal) |\n 6 April 1997 | [Liverpool](/wiki/Liverpool_F.C. \"Liverpool F.C.\") | A | 2–1 | 40,079 | [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\"), [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 9 April 1997 | [Chelsea](/wiki/Chelsea_F.C. \"Chelsea F.C.\") | H | 3–1 | 19,917 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\"), [Williams](/wiki/Paul_Williams_%28footballer_born_1971%29 \"Paul Williams (footballer born 1971)\"), [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n 19 April 1997 | [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton_F.C. \"Southampton F.C.\") | A | 2–2 | 15,251 | [Ndlovu](/wiki/Peter_Ndlovu \"Peter Ndlovu\"), [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n 21 April 1997 | [Arsenal](/wiki/Arsenal_F.C. \"Arsenal F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 19,998 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 3 May 1997 | [Derby County](/wiki/Derby_County_F.C. \"Derby County F.C.\") | H | 1–2 | 22,839 | [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") (pen) |\n 11 May 1997 | [Tottenham Hotspur](/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C. \"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.\") | A | 2–1 | 33,029 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\"), [Williams](/wiki/Paul_Williams_%28footballer_born_1971%29 \"Paul Williams (footballer born 1971)\") |\n\n### FA Cup\n\n| \\+ | Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Goalscorers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n R3 | 25 January 1997 | [Woking](/wiki/Woking_F.C. \"Woking F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 16,040 | [Jess](/wiki/Eoin_Jess \"Eoin Jess\") |\n R3R | 4 February 1997 | [Woking](/wiki/Woking_F.C. \"Woking F.C.\") | A | 2–1 | 6,000 | [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\"), [Foster](/wiki/Steve_Foster_%28footballer_born_1974%29 \"Steve Foster (footballer born 1974)\") (own goal) |\n R4 | 15 February 1997 | [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers_F.C. \"Blackburn Rovers F.C.\") | A | 2–1 | 21,123 | [Jess](/wiki/Eoin_Jess \"Eoin Jess\"), [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\") |\n R5 | 26 February 1997 | [Derby County](/wiki/Derby_County_F.C. \"Derby County F.C.\") | A | 2–3 | 18,003 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\"), [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n\n### League Cup\n\n| \\+ | Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Goalscorers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n R2 1st Leg | 18 September 1996 | [Birmingham City](/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C. \"Birmingham City F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 11,828 | [Daish](/wiki/Liam_Daish \"Liam Daish\") |\n R2 2nd Leg | 24 September 1996 | [Birmingham City](/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C. \"Birmingham City F.C.\") | A | 1–0 | 15,281 | [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") |\n R3 | 22 October 1996 | [Gillingham](/wiki/Gillingham_F.C. \"Gillingham F.C.\") | A | 2–2 | 10,603 | [Telfer](/wiki/Paul_Telfer_%28footballer%29 \"Paul Telfer (footballer)\") (2\\) |\n R3R | 13 November 1996 | [Gillingham](/wiki/Gillingham_F.C. \"Gillingham F.C.\") | H | 0–1 | 12,639 | |\n",
"### Legend\n\n|Win\n\nDraw\n\nLoss\n\n| |\n\n",
"### FA Premier League\n\n| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n 17 August 1996 | [Nottingham Forest](/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_F.C. \"Nottingham Forest F.C.\") | H | 0–3 | 19,468 | |\n 21 August 1996 | [West Ham United](/wiki/West_Ham_United_F.C. \"West Ham United F.C.\") | A | 1–1 | 21,580 | [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") |\n 24 August 1996 | [Chelsea](/wiki/Chelsea_F.C. \"Chelsea F.C.\") | A | 0–2 | 25,024 | |\n 4 September 1996 | [Liverpool](/wiki/Liverpool_F.C. \"Liverpool F.C.\") | H | 0–1 | 23,021 | |\n 7 September 1996 | [Middlesbrough](/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C. \"Middlesbrough F.C.\") | A | 0–4 | 29,811 | |\n 14 September 1996 | [Leeds United](/wiki/Leeds_United_A.F.C. \"Leeds United A.F.C.\") | H | 2–1 | 17,297 | [Salako](/wiki/John_Salako \"John Salako\"), [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n 21 September 1996 | [Sunderland](/wiki/Sunderland_A.F.C. \"Sunderland A.F.C.\") | A | 0–1 | 19,459 | |\n 28 September 1996 | [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers_F.C. \"Blackburn Rovers F.C.\") | H | 0–0 | 17,032 | |\n 13 October 1996 | [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton_F.C. \"Southampton F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 15,485 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 19 October 1996 | [Arsenal](/wiki/Arsenal_F.C. \"Arsenal F.C.\") | A | 0–0 | 38,140 | |\n 26 October 1996 | [Sheffield Wednesday](/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C. \"Sheffield Wednesday F.C.\") | H | 0–0 | 17,267 | |\n 4 November 1996 | [Everton](/wiki/Everton_F.C. \"Everton F.C.\") | A | 1–1 | 31,477 | [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") |\n 16 November 1996 | [Wimbledon](/wiki/Wimbledon_F.C. \"Wimbledon F.C.\") | A | 2–2 | 10,307 | [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\"), [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 23 November 1996 | [Aston Villa](/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C. \"Aston Villa F.C.\") | H | 1–2 | 21,340 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 30 November 1996 | [Derby County](/wiki/Derby_County_F.C. \"Derby County F.C.\") | A | 1–2 | 18,042 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 7 December 1996 | [Tottenham Hotspur](/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C. \"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.\") | H | 1–2 | 19,675 | [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n 17 December 1996 | [Newcastle United](/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C. \"Newcastle United F.C.\") | H | 2–1 | 21,538 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\"), [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") |\n 21 December 1996 | [Leicester City](/wiki/Leicester_City_F.C. \"Leicester City F.C.\") | A | 2–0 | 20,038 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") (2\\) |\n 26 December 1996 | [Leeds United](/wiki/Leeds_United_A.F.C. \"Leeds United A.F.C.\") | A | 3–1 | 36,465 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\"), [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\"), [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") (pen) |\n 28 December 1996 | [Middlesbrough](/wiki/Middlesbrough_F.C. \"Middlesbrough F.C.\") | H | 3–0 | 20,617 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\"), [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") (pen), [Liddle](/wiki/Craig_Liddle \"Craig Liddle\") (own goal) |\n 1 January 1997 | [Sunderland](/wiki/Sunderland_A.F.C. \"Sunderland A.F.C.\") | H | 2–2 | 17,700 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\"), [Daish](/wiki/Liam_Daish \"Liam Daish\") |\n 11 January 1997 | [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers_F.C. \"Blackburn Rovers F.C.\") | A | 0–4 | 24,055 | |\n 18 January 1997 | [Manchester United](/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C. \"Manchester United F.C.\") | H | 0–2 | 23,085 | |\n 29 January 1997 | [Nottingham Forest](/wiki/Nottingham_Forest_F.C. \"Nottingham Forest F.C.\") | A | 1–0 | 22,619 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\") |\n 1 February 1997 | [Sheffield Wednesday](/wiki/Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C. \"Sheffield Wednesday F.C.\") | A | 0–0 | 21,793 | |\n 19 February 1997 | [Aston Villa](/wiki/Aston_Villa_F.C. \"Aston Villa F.C.\") | A | 1–2 | 30,409 | [Staunton](/wiki/Steve_Staunton \"Steve Staunton\") (own goal) |\n 22 February 1997 | [Everton](/wiki/Everton_F.C. \"Everton F.C.\") | H | 0–0 | 19,497 | |\n 1 March 1997 | [Manchester United](/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C. \"Manchester United F.C.\") | A | 1–3 | 55,230 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\") |\n 3 March 1997 | [Wimbledon](/wiki/Wimbledon_F.C. \"Wimbledon F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 15,273 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 8 March 1997 | [Leicester City](/wiki/Leicester_City_F.C. \"Leicester City F.C.\") | H | 0–0 | 19,220 | |\n 15 March 1997 | [Newcastle United](/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C. \"Newcastle United F.C.\") | A | 0–4 | 36,571 | |\n 22 March 1997 | [West Ham United](/wiki/West_Ham_United_F.C. \"West Ham United F.C.\") | H | 1–3 | 22,291 | [Rieper](/wiki/Marc_Rieper \"Marc Rieper\") (own goal) |\n 6 April 1997 | [Liverpool](/wiki/Liverpool_F.C. \"Liverpool F.C.\") | A | 2–1 | 40,079 | [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\"), [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 9 April 1997 | [Chelsea](/wiki/Chelsea_F.C. \"Chelsea F.C.\") | H | 3–1 | 19,917 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\"), [Williams](/wiki/Paul_Williams_%28footballer_born_1971%29 \"Paul Williams (footballer born 1971)\"), [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n 19 April 1997 | [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton_F.C. \"Southampton F.C.\") | A | 2–2 | 15,251 | [Ndlovu](/wiki/Peter_Ndlovu \"Peter Ndlovu\"), [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n 21 April 1997 | [Arsenal](/wiki/Arsenal_F.C. \"Arsenal F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 19,998 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\") |\n 3 May 1997 | [Derby County](/wiki/Derby_County_F.C. \"Derby County F.C.\") | H | 1–2 | 22,839 | [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") (pen) |\n 11 May 1997 | [Tottenham Hotspur](/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C. \"Tottenham Hotspur F.C.\") | A | 2–1 | 33,029 | [Dublin](/wiki/Dion_Dublin \"Dion Dublin\"), [Williams](/wiki/Paul_Williams_%28footballer_born_1971%29 \"Paul Williams (footballer born 1971)\") |\n",
"### FA Cup\n\n| \\+ | Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Goalscorers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n R3 | 25 January 1997 | [Woking](/wiki/Woking_F.C. \"Woking F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 16,040 | [Jess](/wiki/Eoin_Jess \"Eoin Jess\") |\n R3R | 4 February 1997 | [Woking](/wiki/Woking_F.C. \"Woking F.C.\") | A | 2–1 | 6,000 | [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\"), [Foster](/wiki/Steve_Foster_%28footballer_born_1974%29 \"Steve Foster (footballer born 1974)\") (own goal) |\n R4 | 15 February 1997 | [Blackburn Rovers](/wiki/Blackburn_Rovers_F.C. \"Blackburn Rovers F.C.\") | A | 2–1 | 21,123 | [Jess](/wiki/Eoin_Jess \"Eoin Jess\"), [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\") |\n R5 | 26 February 1997 | [Derby County](/wiki/Derby_County_F.C. \"Derby County F.C.\") | A | 2–3 | 18,003 | [Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\"), [Whelan](/wiki/Noel_Whelan_%28footballer%29 \"Noel Whelan (footballer)\") |\n",
"### League Cup\n\n| \\+ | Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Goalscorers |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\n R2 1st Leg | 18 September 1996 | [Birmingham City](/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C. \"Birmingham City F.C.\") | H | 1–1 | 11,828 | [Daish](/wiki/Liam_Daish \"Liam Daish\") |\n R2 2nd Leg | 24 September 1996 | [Birmingham City](/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C. \"Birmingham City F.C.\") | A | 1–0 | 15,281 | [McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") |\n R3 | 22 October 1996 | [Gillingham](/wiki/Gillingham_F.C. \"Gillingham F.C.\") | A | 2–2 | 10,603 | [Telfer](/wiki/Paul_Telfer_%28footballer%29 \"Paul Telfer (footballer)\") (2\\) |\n R3R | 13 November 1996 | [Gillingham](/wiki/Gillingham_F.C. \"Gillingham F.C.\") | H | 0–1 | 12,639 | |\n",
"First\\-team squad\n-----------------\n\n*Squad at end of season*\n\n### Left club during season\n\n### Reserve squad\n\n",
"### Left club during season\n\n",
"### Reserve squad\n\n",
"Transfers\n---------\n\n### In\n\n| Date | Pos. | Name | From | Fee |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 26 July 1996 | MF | [Gary McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") | [Leeds United](/wiki/Leeds_United \"Leeds United\") | £3,000,000 |\n| 10 August 1996 | DF | [Régis Genaux](/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Genaux \"Régis Genaux\") | [Standard Liège](/wiki/Standard_Li%C3%A8ge \"Standard Liège\") | £750,000 |\n| 23 November 1996 | FW | [Darren Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\") | [Newcastle United](/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C. \"Newcastle United F.C.\") | £1,000,000 |\n| 30 January 1997 | DF | [Gary Breen](/wiki/Gary_Breen \"Gary Breen\") | [Birmingham City](/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C. \"Birmingham City F.C.\") | £2,500,000 |\n| 30 January 1997 | DF | [Oleksandr Yevtushok](/wiki/Oleksandr_Yevtushok \"Oleksandr Yevtushok\") | [Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk](/wiki/FC_Dnipro_Dnipropetrovsk \"FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk\") | £800,000 |\n| 21 May 1997 | FW | [Simon Haworth](/wiki/Simon_Haworth \"Simon Haworth\") | [Cardiff City](/wiki/Cardiff_City_F.C. \"Cardiff City F.C.\") | £500,000 |\n| 19 June 1997 | MF | [Trond Egil Soltvedt](/wiki/Trond_Egil_Soltvedt \"Trond Egil Soltvedt\") | [Rosenborg](/wiki/Rosenborg_BK \"Rosenborg BK\") | £500,000 |\n| 4 July 1997 | FW | [Kyle Lightbourne](/wiki/Kyle_Lightbourne \"Kyle Lightbourne\") | [Walsall](/wiki/Walsall_F.C. \"Walsall F.C.\") | £500,000 |\n| 7 July 1997 | GK | [Magnus Hedman](/wiki/Magnus_Hedman \"Magnus Hedman\") | [AIK](/wiki/AIK_Fotboll \"AIK Fotboll\") | Free |\n| 9 July 1997 | MF | [Martin Johansen](/wiki/Martin_Johansen \"Martin Johansen\") | [Copenhagen](/wiki/F.C._Copenhagen \"F.C. Copenhagen\") | Free |\n\n### Out\n\n| Date | Pos. | Name | To | Fee |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 5 August 1996 | DF | [David Rennie](/wiki/David_Rennie_%28footballer%29 \"David Rennie (footballer)\") | [Northampton Town](/wiki/Northampton_Town_F.C. \"Northampton Town F.C.\") | Free |\n| 15 August 1996 | DF | [Ally Pickering](/wiki/Ally_Pickering \"Ally Pickering\") | [Stoke City](/wiki/Stoke_City_F.C. \"Stoke City F.C.\") | £280,000 |\n| 28 January 1997 | DF | [Régis Genaux](/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Genaux \"Régis Genaux\") | [Udinese](/wiki/Udinese_Calcio \"Udinese Calcio\") | £800,000 |\n| 1 July 1997 | MF | Chris McMenamin | [Peterborough United](/wiki/Peterborough_United_F.C. \"Peterborough United F.C.\") | Free |\n| 4 July 1997 | MF | [Eoin Jess](/wiki/Eoin_Jess \"Eoin Jess\") | [Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen_F.C. \"Aberdeen F.C.\") | £700,000 |\n| 14 July 1997 | FW | [Peter Ndlovu](/wiki/Peter_Ndlovu \"Peter Ndlovu\") | [Birmingham City](/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C. \"Birmingham City F.C.\") | £1,600,000 |\n| 14 July 1997 | GK | Neil Wypior | [West Bromwich Albion](/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C \"West Bromwich Albion F.C\") | Undisclosed |\n\nTransfers in: £6,550,000\nTransfers out: £3,380,000\nTotal spending: £3,170,000\n",
"### In\n\n| Date | Pos. | Name | From | Fee |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 26 July 1996 | MF | [Gary McAllister](/wiki/Gary_McAllister \"Gary McAllister\") | [Leeds United](/wiki/Leeds_United \"Leeds United\") | £3,000,000 |\n| 10 August 1996 | DF | [Régis Genaux](/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Genaux \"Régis Genaux\") | [Standard Liège](/wiki/Standard_Li%C3%A8ge \"Standard Liège\") | £750,000 |\n| 23 November 1996 | FW | [Darren Huckerby](/wiki/Darren_Huckerby \"Darren Huckerby\") | [Newcastle United](/wiki/Newcastle_United_F.C. \"Newcastle United F.C.\") | £1,000,000 |\n| 30 January 1997 | DF | [Gary Breen](/wiki/Gary_Breen \"Gary Breen\") | [Birmingham City](/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C. \"Birmingham City F.C.\") | £2,500,000 |\n| 30 January 1997 | DF | [Oleksandr Yevtushok](/wiki/Oleksandr_Yevtushok \"Oleksandr Yevtushok\") | [Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk](/wiki/FC_Dnipro_Dnipropetrovsk \"FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk\") | £800,000 |\n| 21 May 1997 | FW | [Simon Haworth](/wiki/Simon_Haworth \"Simon Haworth\") | [Cardiff City](/wiki/Cardiff_City_F.C. \"Cardiff City F.C.\") | £500,000 |\n| 19 June 1997 | MF | [Trond Egil Soltvedt](/wiki/Trond_Egil_Soltvedt \"Trond Egil Soltvedt\") | [Rosenborg](/wiki/Rosenborg_BK \"Rosenborg BK\") | £500,000 |\n| 4 July 1997 | FW | [Kyle Lightbourne](/wiki/Kyle_Lightbourne \"Kyle Lightbourne\") | [Walsall](/wiki/Walsall_F.C. \"Walsall F.C.\") | £500,000 |\n| 7 July 1997 | GK | [Magnus Hedman](/wiki/Magnus_Hedman \"Magnus Hedman\") | [AIK](/wiki/AIK_Fotboll \"AIK Fotboll\") | Free |\n| 9 July 1997 | MF | [Martin Johansen](/wiki/Martin_Johansen \"Martin Johansen\") | [Copenhagen](/wiki/F.C._Copenhagen \"F.C. Copenhagen\") | Free |\n\n",
"### Out\n\n| Date | Pos. | Name | To | Fee |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 5 August 1996 | DF | [David Rennie](/wiki/David_Rennie_%28footballer%29 \"David Rennie (footballer)\") | [Northampton Town](/wiki/Northampton_Town_F.C. \"Northampton Town F.C.\") | Free |\n| 15 August 1996 | DF | [Ally Pickering](/wiki/Ally_Pickering \"Ally Pickering\") | [Stoke City](/wiki/Stoke_City_F.C. \"Stoke City F.C.\") | £280,000 |\n| 28 January 1997 | DF | [Régis Genaux](/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Genaux \"Régis Genaux\") | [Udinese](/wiki/Udinese_Calcio \"Udinese Calcio\") | £800,000 |\n| 1 July 1997 | MF | Chris McMenamin | [Peterborough United](/wiki/Peterborough_United_F.C. \"Peterborough United F.C.\") | Free |\n| 4 July 1997 | MF | [Eoin Jess](/wiki/Eoin_Jess \"Eoin Jess\") | [Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen_F.C. \"Aberdeen F.C.\") | £700,000 |\n| 14 July 1997 | FW | [Peter Ndlovu](/wiki/Peter_Ndlovu \"Peter Ndlovu\") | [Birmingham City](/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C. \"Birmingham City F.C.\") | £1,600,000 |\n| 14 July 1997 | GK | Neil Wypior | [West Bromwich Albion](/wiki/West_Bromwich_Albion_F.C \"West Bromwich Albion F.C\") | Undisclosed |\n\nTransfers in: £6,550,000\nTransfers out: £3,380,000\nTotal spending: £3,170,000\n",
"Statistics\n----------\n\n### Appearances and goals\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\|*Goalkeepers*\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\|*Defenders*\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\|*Midfielders*\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\|*Forwards*\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\| Players who left the club during the season\n\n\\|\\-\n\\|}\n\n",
"### Appearances and goals\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\|*Goalkeepers*\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\|*Defenders*\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\|*Midfielders*\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\|*Forwards*\n\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=14 style\\=background:\\#dcdcdc; text\\-align:center\\| Players who left the club during the season\n\n\\|\\-\n\\|}\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Coventry City F.C. seasons](/wiki/Category:Coventry_City_F.C._seasons \"Coventry City F.C. seasons\")\n[Coventry City](/wiki/Category:1996%E2%80%9397_FA_Premier_League_by_team \"1996–97 FA Premier League by team\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal
|
{
"id": [
6617018
],
"name": [
"Transpoman"
]
}
|
mt2renfsosyx4n8hq9h4jpt1q84iha3
|
2024-09-29T20:47:44Z
| 1,241,759,174 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Municipal Ferry Terminal",
"Second terminal",
"Design and construction",
"Operation",
"New terminal",
"Fire and early plans",
"Revised design",
"Opening and later modifications",
"Description",
"Features",
"Structural features",
"''Whitehall Crossing''",
"Peter Minuit Plaza",
"Gallery",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
4,
4,
3,
4,
4,
4,
2,
3,
4,
4,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nBefore the Whitehall Terminal was built, ferry service in [New York Harbor](/wiki/New_York_Harbor \"New York Harbor\") was provided as early as the 1700s by individuals (and later private companies) with their own boats. This included a ferry service from [South Ferry, Manhattan](/wiki/South_Ferry_%28Manhattan%29 \"South Ferry (Manhattan)\"), to [St. George, Staten Island](/wiki/St._George%2C_Staten_Island \"St. George, Staten Island\"), which started operating in 1816\\. The route was operated by the [Baltimore and Ohio Railroad](/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad \"Baltimore and Ohio Railroad\")'s [Staten Island Railway](/wiki/Staten_Island_Railway \"Staten Island Railway\") after 1860\\. After four passengers died when a Staten Island ferry sank in 1901, New York City officials used the incident as a justification for their acquisition of the ferry lines to Staten Island. The B\\&O refused to sell their terminals to the city, prompting municipal officials to announce in 1904 that they would acquire the sites through [eminent domain](/wiki/Eminent_domain \"Eminent domain\").\n\n### Municipal Ferry Terminal\n\nFerry lines from Manhattan to Staten Island began operating under the municipal authority of the Department of Docks and Ferries on October 25, 1905, seven years after the [City of Greater New York](/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York \"City of Greater New York\") was established.[Staten Island Museum website](http://www.statenislandmuseum.org/articles/id-132-cPath-57/Staten+Island+Ferry:++The+first+100+years.html), retrieved February 22, 2011\\. New Jersey ferries were banned from South Ferry, so ferries from [Communipaw Terminal](/wiki/Communipaw_Terminal \"Communipaw Terminal\") in [Jersey City](/wiki/Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey \"Jersey City, New Jersey\") were re\\-routed to the [Liberty Street Ferry Terminal](/wiki/Liberty_Street_Ferry_Terminal \"Liberty Street Ferry Terminal\") in lower Manhattan.John F. Stover, *History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad*. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1987 (), pp. 172–176\\.*Railroad Ferries of the Hudson: And Stories of a Deckhand*, by, Raymond J. Baxter, Arthur G. Adams, pg. 55 ,1999, Fordham University Press, 978\\-0823219544 The following year, the city government acquired another route, which ran from South Ferry to 39th Street in [South Brooklyn](/wiki/South_Brooklyn \"South Brooklyn\") (now the neighborhood of [Sunset Park](/wiki/Sunset_Park%2C_Brooklyn \"Sunset Park, Brooklyn\") in [Brooklyn](/wiki/Brooklyn \"Brooklyn\")). Under mayor [George McClellan](/wiki/George_B._McClellan_Jr. \"George B. McClellan Jr.\"), the city sought to build a new terminal for both routes. The existing terminals at South Ferry were independently operated, with two slips for ferries to Staten Island and two slips for ferries to Brooklyn. The city also sought to operate a route from South Ferry to [Stapleton, Staten Island](/wiki/Stapleton%2C_Staten_Island \"Stapleton, Staten Island\").\n\nDesigned by the architectural firm of Walker and Morris, the Whitehall Street Ferry Terminal was to have room for seven slips. Slips 1 and 2 would serve municipal ferries to [St. George Terminal](/wiki/St._George_Terminal \"St. George Terminal\") on Staten Island. Slips 5, 6, and 7 of the still\\-extant South Street Ferry Terminal (now the [Battery Maritime Building](/wiki/Battery_Maritime_Building \"Battery Maritime Building\")) were served by municipal ferries traveling to 39th Street in Brooklyn. Slips 3 and 4 were to serve ferries from both Staten Island and South Brooklyn. The three sections were designed to be independent of each other but visually identical in style. The design of the structures was inspired by the [Exposition Universelle](/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_%281889%29 \"Exposition Universelle (1889)\"). The original seven\\-slip complex was never completed as designed. The Staten Island and Brooklyn municipal ferry terminals were separated by the Union Ferry Company's smaller terminal, which was used for their Brooklyn routes to Atlantic Avenue and Hamilton Avenue. The second story had a direct connection to the [South Ferry elevated train station](/wiki/South_Ferry_station_%28IRT_elevated%29 \"South Ferry station (IRT elevated)\"), the Union Ferry Terminal, and the municipal ferry terminal to Brooklyn.\n\nPlans for the terminal were approved by the city's Municipal Art Commission in July 1906\\. The westernmost Staten Island ferry slip burned down in December 1906, along with several temporary buildings nearby. Walker and Morris's plans were approved in February 1907, and a budget of $1\\.75 million was allotted to the work. Work started on the Brooklyn ferry slips first, followed by the Staten Island ferry slips in 1908\\. As built, the Staten Island Ferry terminal occupied slips 1 through 2\\. The building was completed by 1909\\. Ferry service from the Whitehall Terminal to Stapleton commenced on May 27, 1909\\.\n\nIn 1919, a fire on the South Ferry elevated station damaged slips 1 and 2\\. The city took over the Atlantic and Hamilton Avenue ferry lines from the [Union Ferry Company](/wiki/Union_Ferry_Company \"Union Ferry Company\") in 1922\\. As part of the takeover, the two ferry lines were relocated from Union Ferry's Whitehall Street slips to the municipally operated South Street ferry slips. The old ferryhouse and slips 3 and 4 were then replaced with a utilitarian structure, which became slip 3 of the Staten Island Ferry terminal.Brian J. Cudahy, *Over and Back: The History of Ferryboats in New York Harbor*. Fordham University press, 1990 (), pp. 226–230\\. \n\n### Second terminal\n\nAfter World War II, subways replaced the els, and cars began to travel through bridges and tunnels such as the [Brooklyn\\-Battery Tunnel](/wiki/Brooklyn-Battery_Tunnel \"Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel\"). By the early 1950s, the St. George–Whitehall and St. George–69th Street, Bay Ridge ferries were the only routes that still operated as part of the city's once\\-extensive ferry network.\n\n#### Design and construction\n\nIn 1951, Manhattan borough president [Robert F. Wagner Jr.](/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner_Jr. \"Robert F. Wagner Jr.\") asked the [New York City Planning Commission](/wiki/New_York_City_Planning_Commission \"New York City Planning Commission\") to provide $132,000 for a footbridge between the terminal and Battery Park, crossing over West Street. The following August, the [New York City Board of Estimate](/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate \"New York City Board of Estimate\") awarded a contract to Roberts \\& Schaefer for a renovation of the terminal. [New York City Department of Marine and Aviation](/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Docks \"New York City Department of Docks\") consulting engineer John M. Buckley, chief engineer Lewis H. Radbage, and deputy chief engineer Emil A. Verpillot were also involved in the construction of the new terminal. Marine and Aviation commissioner Edward F. Cavanagh Jr. announced plans for the terminal in January 1953\\. The existing ground\\-level waiting room would be relocated, and the second\\-story waiting room would be linked with the Battery Maritime Building. The renovated terminal would allow inbound and outbound pedestrian and vehicular traffic to be segregated. The Department of Marine and Aviation's ferry bureau, which had been housed on Whitehall Terminal's upper stories, relocated to St. George in January 1954\\. By the end of that year, the new slips had been completed, and work had started on the building itself.\n\nThe second terminal reused some of the original 1906 building's steel framework, but the older building was otherwise completely demolished. Escalators led from the street to the waiting room, which could accommodate 3,200 people. There was a secondary waiting room in an adjacent building. Above the waiting room was a semicircular glass structure with 24 turnstiles. Ramps outside the terminal led to Battery Park. The second terminal contained three slips, with loading docks on two levels; pedestrians used the upper level, while vehicles used the lower level. Underneath the terminal were [caissons](/wiki/Caisson_%28engineering%29 \"Caisson (engineering)\") that descended to the underlying bedrock, passing within of the New York City Subway tunnels under the building.\n\nAlthough the majority of ferry passengers transferred to the nearby [South Ferry subway station](/wiki/South_Ferry_loops \"South Ferry loops\") after departing Whitehall Terminal, the [New York City Transit Authority](/wiki/New_York_City_Transit_Authority \"New York City Transit Authority\") had no plans to upgrade the station, which was frequently overcrowded because of its small capacity. Furthermore, the Department of Marine and Aviation did not construct any direct connection between the new terminal and the subway station. The new terminal ultimately cost $2\\.8 million and opened on July 24, 1956\\. The new terminal had a purely functional design. *The New York Times* described it as a \"squat, washed\\-out green hulk in which function vanquished form\"; the [American Institute of Architects](/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects \"American Institute of Architects\") called it \"the world's most banal portal of joy*.\"* The Whitehall Terminal's renovation was the first part of urban planner [Robert Moses](/wiki/Robert_Moses \"Robert Moses\")'s proposal to redevelop the area around South Ferry.\n\n#### Operation\n\nThe NYCTA decided in early 1959 to overhaul the adjacent South Ferry subway station, adding a wide stairway that connected with one of the terminal's entrance ramps. The St. George–Whitehall ferry route continued to operate after the [Verrazzano\\-Narrows Bridge](/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge \"Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge\") opened in 1964, as the bridge's opening was expected to spur an influx of residents to Staten Island. By 1967, the St. George–Whitehall route was the sole remaining ferry route in New York City. As early as 1972, city officials proposed replacing the St. George and Whitehall terminals with facilities that contained six slips, although officials did not plan to rebuild either terminal until 2000\\. After hundreds of ferry passengers were injured in a 1978 ferry collision, the Department of Marine Aviation upgraded the terminal's fog\\-lighting system.\n\nIn January 1980, city officials began adding elevators and escalators to the Whitehall Terminal as part of a $5\\.75 million modernization program for the Staten Island Ferry. The federal government funded about 75 percent of the project's cost, while the state paid 20 percent and the city paid 5 percent. As part of the renovation, officials planned to add stores to the Whitehall Terminal. They relocated turnstiles and demolished a concession stand at the center of the terminal, allowing visitors to shop without having to pay fares. City officials formally opened the first store in the terminal, a cookie shop, in June 1981\\. The city government announced plans in 1985 to sell the Whitehall Terminal as part of the [South Ferry Plaza](/wiki/South_Ferry_Plaza \"South Ferry Plaza\") project. The Whitehall Terminal would be replaced, and the developer would restore the adjacent Battery Maritime Building, an official city landmark that could not be demolished. City officials received proposals from seven developers in August 1985\\. An eighth plan had been submitted by the end of that year.\n\nThe [Zeckendorf Company](/wiki/William_Zeckendorf \"William Zeckendorf\") was selected in July 1986 to develop a 60\\-story tower above the Whitehall Terminal at a cost of about $400 million. The city government would retain ownership of the terminals and lease the site to Zeckendorf for 99 years. Several city agencies had to approve the plans for South Ferry Plaza, so construction could not start for another two years. [KG Land](/wiki/Kumagai_Gumi \"Kumagai Gumi\") was also a partner in the development project. The terminal was to be extended into New York Harbor, and new [pilings](/wiki/Deep_foundation \"Deep foundation\") would be constructed to support the weight of the office tower. After the [Williamsburg Bridge](/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge \"Williamsburg Bridge\") was closed for emergency repairs in April 1988, ferries to [Williamsburg, Brooklyn](/wiki/Williamsburg%2C_Brooklyn \"Williamsburg, Brooklyn\"), were temporarily operated from Whitehall Terminal. The South Ferry Plaza plan had stalled by late 1990\\. South Ferry Plaza was canceled in January 1991 due to a decline in the real estate market, and the terminal's renovation was delayed as a result.\n\n### New terminal\n\n#### Fire and early plans\n\n[thumb\\|360px\\|right\\|alt\\=Three docks can be seen from the air, and next to them is a covered ferry terminal. This is an aerial view over a river.\\|Aerial view of Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal building and slips (left) and the [Battery Maritime Building](/wiki/Battery_Maritime_Building \"Battery Maritime Building\") (right)The](/wiki/File:Staten_Island_Ferry_Whitehall_Terminal_photo_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg \"Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg\") Whitehall Terminal's ceiling and roof were gutted by a major fire on September 8, 1991, rendering it unusable. City officials deemed the fire suspicious, citing the fact that the fire had spread quickly. The city saw an opportunity to rebuild the terminal, which it planned to complete by 1998\\. In May 1992, the [New York City Economic Development Corporation](/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation \"New York City Economic Development Corporation\") held an international [architectural design competition](/wiki/Architectural_design_competition \"Architectural design competition\") for a replacement facility. The same month, Congress proposed allocating federal funds for the project. The EDC selected six finalists that August: [Venturi Scott Brown](/wiki/Venturi_Scott_Brown \"Venturi Scott Brown\"), [Rafael Vinoly](/wiki/Rafael_Vinoly \"Rafael Vinoly\"), [Aldo Rossi](/wiki/Aldo_Rossi \"Aldo Rossi\"), [Polshek Partnership](/wiki/Ennead_Architects \"Ennead Architects\"), [Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates](/wiki/Hardy_Holzman_Pfeiffer_Associates \"Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates\") and [Skidmore, Owings \\& Merrill](/wiki/Skidmore%2C_Owings_%26_Merrill \"Skidmore, Owings & Merrill\"). The next month, city officials also announced that they would permanently ban vehicles from the Staten Island Ferry to reduce vehicular congestion at the rebuilt terminal. New York state officials proposed a bond issue that would have provided $80 million for the Whitehall Terminal's reconstruction, but state residents voted against the bond issue in November 1992\\.\n\nA partnership of Venturi Scott Brown and [Anderson/Schwartz Architects](/wiki/Anderson/Schwartz_Architects \"Anderson/Schwartz Architects\") was selected to redesign the Whitehall Terminal on November 6, 1992\\. The winning design featured a [barrel\\-vaulted](/wiki/Barrel_vault \"Barrel vault\") waiting room similar in size to [Grand Central Terminal](/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal \"Grand Central Terminal\")'s [Main Concourse](/wiki/Main_Concourse \"Main Concourse\"). This design also incorporated a large electronic facade facing the harbor, which would have contained the [largest clock faces in the world](/wiki/List_of_largest_clock_faces \"List of largest clock faces\"), measuring . The *[Journal of the American Institute of Architects](/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Institute_of_Architects \"Journal of the American Institute of Architects\")* wrote: \"The facades on the east, west, and north are almost [Miesian](/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe \"Ludwig Mies van der Rohe\") in character, but are more utilitarian than elegant.\" The [Municipal Art Society](/wiki/Municipal_Art_Society \"Municipal Art Society\") hosted an exhibit of all of the finalists' designs in early 1993\\. The clock received criticism from such figures as Staten Island borough president [Guy Molinari](/wiki/Guy_Molinari \"Guy Molinari\") and architectural critic [Herbert Muschamp](/wiki/Herbert_Muschamp \"Herbert Muschamp\"). Although members of the general public generally did not view the design favorably, *The New York Times*' [editorial board](/wiki/Editorial_board \"Editorial board\") readily supported the project. The original plans called for an analog clock, which was changed to a digital clock, but the digital alternative was also poorly received. Civic authorities ultimately scrapped plans for the clock, deeming it architecturally unacceptable.\n\nAfter [Rudy Giuliani](/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani \"Rudy Giuliani\") won the [1993 New York City mayoral election](/wiki/1993_New_York_City_mayoral_election \"1993 New York City mayoral election\"), he reversed the decision to ban cars from the rebuilt Whitehall Terminal, which not only raised the cost by $500,000 but also delayed the project by about six months. By 1994, construction of the new terminal was not expected to start for another three years. The [United States House of Representatives](/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives \"United States House of Representatives\") voted to allocate $5 million for the Whitehall Terminal's reconstruction in June 1995, following advocacy from [Susan Molinari](/wiki/Susan_Molinari \"Susan Molinari\"), the U.S. representative for Staten Island and the daughter of Guy Molinari. The decision was influenced by the fact that Molinari was the chair of the [United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure](/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Transportation_and_Infrastructure \"United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure\"). Congress allocated another $3\\.6 million to the Whitehall Terminal project in November 1995, and another $2\\.5 million was included in the Transportation Appropriations Act for fiscal year 1996\\.\n\nVenturi Scott Brown subsequently redesigned the terminal, removing the planned clock and adding windows facing Lower Manhattan and a large indoor [LED](/wiki/Light-emitting_diode \"Light-emitting diode\") display. In mid\\-1995, Venturi Scott Brown presented a revised proposal, which was publicly nicknamed the \"zipper\" because the plan included an electronic sign along New York Harbor. This proposal was also poorly received; Guy Molinari referred to it as \"Las Vegas on the Manhattan waterfront\". The architects presented a third proposal in September 1996, which called for a glass wall on the harbor and a glass entrance facing inland. Although Guy Molinari supported the third proposal, a representative of the Ferry Riders Committee called it \"bland, bland, bland\". Venturi Scott Brown left the project in late 1996 after the city government downsized the design to a simple steel\\-and\\-glass facade, in an attempt to reduce the terminal's cost by $30 million. In January 1997, an EDC official predicted that the structure would cost $82 million and would be completed in 2001, while another official predicted that the hub would not be rebuilt until 2002\\.\n\n#### Revised design\n\n[Frederic Schwartz](/wiki/Frederic_Schwartz \"Frederic Schwartz\") of Anderson/Schwartz Architects presented a new design for the terminal in early 1997\\. The design called for a structure with a entry hall, as well as a waiting room overlooking the New York Harbor, which was to be 50 percent larger than the original waiting room. Schwartz's design included the same high glass wall on the Lower Manhattan side as did Venturi's design. The size of the LED display in Venturi's design was heavily reduced. Also added were a rooftop waterfront viewing deck with a photovoltaic array on its canopy, a long sinuous canopy on the street side with the words \"Staten Island Ferry\" on it, and a [Percent for Art](/wiki/Percent_for_Art \"Percent for Art\") installation called *Slips* by [Dennis Adams](/wiki/Dennis_Adams \"Dennis Adams\"). As part of the project, Peter Minuit Plaza would be constructed outside the terminal, replacing five small traffic islands. Robert Silman Associates was selected as the structural engineer, while TAMS Consultants was the consulting engineer. In addition, Tishman/Harris was the construction contractor.\n\nCongress passed the $200 billion [Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century](/wiki/Transportation_Equity_Act_for_the_21st_Century \"Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century\") in May 1998, providing $40 million for the reconstruction of the Whitehall Terminal. By mid\\-1999, several members of Congress were considering withdrawing $12 million in federal funding because of repeated delays. City officials still had not made any public announcement about the new terminal ever since Anderson/Schwartz's plans had been announced two years prior. When the NYCDOT started soliciting bids for construction contractors in 2000, the project was set to cost $150 million. Construction on the project officially started on September 26, 2000\\. By then, the cost of the project had increased to $180 million because of engineers, architects, and contractors' fees. This was part of a larger plan for the Staten Island Ferry, which was to cost over $400 million. At the time, the new terminal was scheduled to be completed in 36 months.\n\nTwo factors complicated construction of the new terminal. The NYCDOT required that two of the terminal's three ferry slips remain open during construction, so the terminal had to be rebuilt in phases. Furthermore, the terminal was also built over the [Battery Park Underpass](/wiki/Battery_Park_Underpass \"Battery Park Underpass\") and three subway tunnels, so a foundation for the terminal was built underground. Construction was temporarily delayed after the [September 11 attacks](/wiki/September_11_attacks \"September 11 attacks\") in 2001, which caused the [collapse](/wiki/Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center \"Collapse of the World Trade Center\") of the nearby [World Trade Center](/wiki/World_Trade_Center_%281973%E2%80%932001%29 \"World Trade Center (1973–2001)\"). After the attacks, officials proposed a $7 billion redesign of transit in Lower Manhattan, including a new South Ferry subway terminal with a direct connection to the Whitehall ferry terminal. As a result of the [Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002](/wiki/Maritime_Transportation_Security_Act_of_2002 \"Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002\"), all vehicular traffic on the ferry was banned in 2003, and passengers were required to board and depart from different sections of the ferry. Passengers departed from the terminal's lower level, which required boarding passengers to use the upper level. The St. George Terminal, at the other end of the route, was being rebuilt at the same time; by 2004, the costs of the two projects had increased by a combined $160 million.\n\n#### Opening and later modifications\n\nWhitehall Terminal reopened on February 8, 2005\\. The final cost of the terminal's renovation had increased to $200 million, in part because of security and insurance costs related to the September 11 attacks. In 2007, the NYCDOT received federal funding for the installation of anti\\-vehicle barriers outside the terminal, and it also installed spikes to deter pigeons, which frequently flew inside the terminal. The department also had trouble attracting tenants to the retail space at the terminal, which only had two tenants in the two years after it was completed. Following the completion of the new [South Ferry station](/wiki/South_Ferry_station_%28IRT_Broadway-Seventh_Avenue_Line%29 \"South Ferry station (IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line)\") under the Whitehall Terminal in 2009, [MTA Capital Construction](/wiki/MTA_Capital_Construction \"MTA Capital Construction\") rebuilt [Peter Minuit Plaza](/wiki/Peter_Minuit_Plaza \"Peter Minuit Plaza\") outside the ferry terminal, which reopened in 2011\\. Also in 2009, the NYCDOT added storefronts and restaurant spaces to the ferry terminal.\n\nThe [United States Department of Transportation](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation \"United States Department of Transportation\") provided $2 million in 2010 for the renovation of the substructure underneath the Whitehall Terminal's slips. The upper level of the terminal contained a simulator that was used for training ferry captains. City officials installed Wi\\-Fi at the Whitehall Terminal in 2013 as part of a pilot program. After a controversy over the lack of electric outlets at the terminal, city officials installed [USB charging ports](/wiki/USB_charging_port \"USB charging port\") there in 2016\\. The lower levels of both Staten Island Ferry terminals were reopened in 2017 to reduce crowding on the ships' upper levels. The St. George Terminal's lower level was opened during the morning rush, and the Whitehall Terminal's lower level was opened during middays and the evening rush.\n\n",
"### Municipal Ferry Terminal\n\nFerry lines from Manhattan to Staten Island began operating under the municipal authority of the Department of Docks and Ferries on October 25, 1905, seven years after the [City of Greater New York](/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York \"City of Greater New York\") was established.[Staten Island Museum website](http://www.statenislandmuseum.org/articles/id-132-cPath-57/Staten+Island+Ferry:++The+first+100+years.html), retrieved February 22, 2011\\. New Jersey ferries were banned from South Ferry, so ferries from [Communipaw Terminal](/wiki/Communipaw_Terminal \"Communipaw Terminal\") in [Jersey City](/wiki/Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey \"Jersey City, New Jersey\") were re\\-routed to the [Liberty Street Ferry Terminal](/wiki/Liberty_Street_Ferry_Terminal \"Liberty Street Ferry Terminal\") in lower Manhattan.John F. Stover, *History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad*. West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1987 (), pp. 172–176\\.*Railroad Ferries of the Hudson: And Stories of a Deckhand*, by, Raymond J. Baxter, Arthur G. Adams, pg. 55 ,1999, Fordham University Press, 978\\-0823219544 The following year, the city government acquired another route, which ran from South Ferry to 39th Street in [South Brooklyn](/wiki/South_Brooklyn \"South Brooklyn\") (now the neighborhood of [Sunset Park](/wiki/Sunset_Park%2C_Brooklyn \"Sunset Park, Brooklyn\") in [Brooklyn](/wiki/Brooklyn \"Brooklyn\")). Under mayor [George McClellan](/wiki/George_B._McClellan_Jr. \"George B. McClellan Jr.\"), the city sought to build a new terminal for both routes. The existing terminals at South Ferry were independently operated, with two slips for ferries to Staten Island and two slips for ferries to Brooklyn. The city also sought to operate a route from South Ferry to [Stapleton, Staten Island](/wiki/Stapleton%2C_Staten_Island \"Stapleton, Staten Island\").\n\nDesigned by the architectural firm of Walker and Morris, the Whitehall Street Ferry Terminal was to have room for seven slips. Slips 1 and 2 would serve municipal ferries to [St. George Terminal](/wiki/St._George_Terminal \"St. George Terminal\") on Staten Island. Slips 5, 6, and 7 of the still\\-extant South Street Ferry Terminal (now the [Battery Maritime Building](/wiki/Battery_Maritime_Building \"Battery Maritime Building\")) were served by municipal ferries traveling to 39th Street in Brooklyn. Slips 3 and 4 were to serve ferries from both Staten Island and South Brooklyn. The three sections were designed to be independent of each other but visually identical in style. The design of the structures was inspired by the [Exposition Universelle](/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_%281889%29 \"Exposition Universelle (1889)\"). The original seven\\-slip complex was never completed as designed. The Staten Island and Brooklyn municipal ferry terminals were separated by the Union Ferry Company's smaller terminal, which was used for their Brooklyn routes to Atlantic Avenue and Hamilton Avenue. The second story had a direct connection to the [South Ferry elevated train station](/wiki/South_Ferry_station_%28IRT_elevated%29 \"South Ferry station (IRT elevated)\"), the Union Ferry Terminal, and the municipal ferry terminal to Brooklyn.\n\nPlans for the terminal were approved by the city's Municipal Art Commission in July 1906\\. The westernmost Staten Island ferry slip burned down in December 1906, along with several temporary buildings nearby. Walker and Morris's plans were approved in February 1907, and a budget of $1\\.75 million was allotted to the work. Work started on the Brooklyn ferry slips first, followed by the Staten Island ferry slips in 1908\\. As built, the Staten Island Ferry terminal occupied slips 1 through 2\\. The building was completed by 1909\\. Ferry service from the Whitehall Terminal to Stapleton commenced on May 27, 1909\\.\n\nIn 1919, a fire on the South Ferry elevated station damaged slips 1 and 2\\. The city took over the Atlantic and Hamilton Avenue ferry lines from the [Union Ferry Company](/wiki/Union_Ferry_Company \"Union Ferry Company\") in 1922\\. As part of the takeover, the two ferry lines were relocated from Union Ferry's Whitehall Street slips to the municipally operated South Street ferry slips. The old ferryhouse and slips 3 and 4 were then replaced with a utilitarian structure, which became slip 3 of the Staten Island Ferry terminal.Brian J. Cudahy, *Over and Back: The History of Ferryboats in New York Harbor*. Fordham University press, 1990 (), pp. 226–230\\. \n\n",
"### Second terminal\n\nAfter World War II, subways replaced the els, and cars began to travel through bridges and tunnels such as the [Brooklyn\\-Battery Tunnel](/wiki/Brooklyn-Battery_Tunnel \"Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel\"). By the early 1950s, the St. George–Whitehall and St. George–69th Street, Bay Ridge ferries were the only routes that still operated as part of the city's once\\-extensive ferry network.\n\n#### Design and construction\n\nIn 1951, Manhattan borough president [Robert F. Wagner Jr.](/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner_Jr. \"Robert F. Wagner Jr.\") asked the [New York City Planning Commission](/wiki/New_York_City_Planning_Commission \"New York City Planning Commission\") to provide $132,000 for a footbridge between the terminal and Battery Park, crossing over West Street. The following August, the [New York City Board of Estimate](/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate \"New York City Board of Estimate\") awarded a contract to Roberts \\& Schaefer for a renovation of the terminal. [New York City Department of Marine and Aviation](/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Docks \"New York City Department of Docks\") consulting engineer John M. Buckley, chief engineer Lewis H. Radbage, and deputy chief engineer Emil A. Verpillot were also involved in the construction of the new terminal. Marine and Aviation commissioner Edward F. Cavanagh Jr. announced plans for the terminal in January 1953\\. The existing ground\\-level waiting room would be relocated, and the second\\-story waiting room would be linked with the Battery Maritime Building. The renovated terminal would allow inbound and outbound pedestrian and vehicular traffic to be segregated. The Department of Marine and Aviation's ferry bureau, which had been housed on Whitehall Terminal's upper stories, relocated to St. George in January 1954\\. By the end of that year, the new slips had been completed, and work had started on the building itself.\n\nThe second terminal reused some of the original 1906 building's steel framework, but the older building was otherwise completely demolished. Escalators led from the street to the waiting room, which could accommodate 3,200 people. There was a secondary waiting room in an adjacent building. Above the waiting room was a semicircular glass structure with 24 turnstiles. Ramps outside the terminal led to Battery Park. The second terminal contained three slips, with loading docks on two levels; pedestrians used the upper level, while vehicles used the lower level. Underneath the terminal were [caissons](/wiki/Caisson_%28engineering%29 \"Caisson (engineering)\") that descended to the underlying bedrock, passing within of the New York City Subway tunnels under the building.\n\nAlthough the majority of ferry passengers transferred to the nearby [South Ferry subway station](/wiki/South_Ferry_loops \"South Ferry loops\") after departing Whitehall Terminal, the [New York City Transit Authority](/wiki/New_York_City_Transit_Authority \"New York City Transit Authority\") had no plans to upgrade the station, which was frequently overcrowded because of its small capacity. Furthermore, the Department of Marine and Aviation did not construct any direct connection between the new terminal and the subway station. The new terminal ultimately cost $2\\.8 million and opened on July 24, 1956\\. The new terminal had a purely functional design. *The New York Times* described it as a \"squat, washed\\-out green hulk in which function vanquished form\"; the [American Institute of Architects](/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects \"American Institute of Architects\") called it \"the world's most banal portal of joy*.\"* The Whitehall Terminal's renovation was the first part of urban planner [Robert Moses](/wiki/Robert_Moses \"Robert Moses\")'s proposal to redevelop the area around South Ferry.\n\n#### Operation\n\nThe NYCTA decided in early 1959 to overhaul the adjacent South Ferry subway station, adding a wide stairway that connected with one of the terminal's entrance ramps. The St. George–Whitehall ferry route continued to operate after the [Verrazzano\\-Narrows Bridge](/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge \"Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge\") opened in 1964, as the bridge's opening was expected to spur an influx of residents to Staten Island. By 1967, the St. George–Whitehall route was the sole remaining ferry route in New York City. As early as 1972, city officials proposed replacing the St. George and Whitehall terminals with facilities that contained six slips, although officials did not plan to rebuild either terminal until 2000\\. After hundreds of ferry passengers were injured in a 1978 ferry collision, the Department of Marine Aviation upgraded the terminal's fog\\-lighting system.\n\nIn January 1980, city officials began adding elevators and escalators to the Whitehall Terminal as part of a $5\\.75 million modernization program for the Staten Island Ferry. The federal government funded about 75 percent of the project's cost, while the state paid 20 percent and the city paid 5 percent. As part of the renovation, officials planned to add stores to the Whitehall Terminal. They relocated turnstiles and demolished a concession stand at the center of the terminal, allowing visitors to shop without having to pay fares. City officials formally opened the first store in the terminal, a cookie shop, in June 1981\\. The city government announced plans in 1985 to sell the Whitehall Terminal as part of the [South Ferry Plaza](/wiki/South_Ferry_Plaza \"South Ferry Plaza\") project. The Whitehall Terminal would be replaced, and the developer would restore the adjacent Battery Maritime Building, an official city landmark that could not be demolished. City officials received proposals from seven developers in August 1985\\. An eighth plan had been submitted by the end of that year.\n\nThe [Zeckendorf Company](/wiki/William_Zeckendorf \"William Zeckendorf\") was selected in July 1986 to develop a 60\\-story tower above the Whitehall Terminal at a cost of about $400 million. The city government would retain ownership of the terminals and lease the site to Zeckendorf for 99 years. Several city agencies had to approve the plans for South Ferry Plaza, so construction could not start for another two years. [KG Land](/wiki/Kumagai_Gumi \"Kumagai Gumi\") was also a partner in the development project. The terminal was to be extended into New York Harbor, and new [pilings](/wiki/Deep_foundation \"Deep foundation\") would be constructed to support the weight of the office tower. After the [Williamsburg Bridge](/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge \"Williamsburg Bridge\") was closed for emergency repairs in April 1988, ferries to [Williamsburg, Brooklyn](/wiki/Williamsburg%2C_Brooklyn \"Williamsburg, Brooklyn\"), were temporarily operated from Whitehall Terminal. The South Ferry Plaza plan had stalled by late 1990\\. South Ferry Plaza was canceled in January 1991 due to a decline in the real estate market, and the terminal's renovation was delayed as a result.\n\n",
"#### Design and construction\n\nIn 1951, Manhattan borough president [Robert F. Wagner Jr.](/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner_Jr. \"Robert F. Wagner Jr.\") asked the [New York City Planning Commission](/wiki/New_York_City_Planning_Commission \"New York City Planning Commission\") to provide $132,000 for a footbridge between the terminal and Battery Park, crossing over West Street. The following August, the [New York City Board of Estimate](/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate \"New York City Board of Estimate\") awarded a contract to Roberts \\& Schaefer for a renovation of the terminal. [New York City Department of Marine and Aviation](/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Docks \"New York City Department of Docks\") consulting engineer John M. Buckley, chief engineer Lewis H. Radbage, and deputy chief engineer Emil A. Verpillot were also involved in the construction of the new terminal. Marine and Aviation commissioner Edward F. Cavanagh Jr. announced plans for the terminal in January 1953\\. The existing ground\\-level waiting room would be relocated, and the second\\-story waiting room would be linked with the Battery Maritime Building. The renovated terminal would allow inbound and outbound pedestrian and vehicular traffic to be segregated. The Department of Marine and Aviation's ferry bureau, which had been housed on Whitehall Terminal's upper stories, relocated to St. George in January 1954\\. By the end of that year, the new slips had been completed, and work had started on the building itself.\n\nThe second terminal reused some of the original 1906 building's steel framework, but the older building was otherwise completely demolished. Escalators led from the street to the waiting room, which could accommodate 3,200 people. There was a secondary waiting room in an adjacent building. Above the waiting room was a semicircular glass structure with 24 turnstiles. Ramps outside the terminal led to Battery Park. The second terminal contained three slips, with loading docks on two levels; pedestrians used the upper level, while vehicles used the lower level. Underneath the terminal were [caissons](/wiki/Caisson_%28engineering%29 \"Caisson (engineering)\") that descended to the underlying bedrock, passing within of the New York City Subway tunnels under the building.\n\nAlthough the majority of ferry passengers transferred to the nearby [South Ferry subway station](/wiki/South_Ferry_loops \"South Ferry loops\") after departing Whitehall Terminal, the [New York City Transit Authority](/wiki/New_York_City_Transit_Authority \"New York City Transit Authority\") had no plans to upgrade the station, which was frequently overcrowded because of its small capacity. Furthermore, the Department of Marine and Aviation did not construct any direct connection between the new terminal and the subway station. The new terminal ultimately cost $2\\.8 million and opened on July 24, 1956\\. The new terminal had a purely functional design. *The New York Times* described it as a \"squat, washed\\-out green hulk in which function vanquished form\"; the [American Institute of Architects](/wiki/American_Institute_of_Architects \"American Institute of Architects\") called it \"the world's most banal portal of joy*.\"* The Whitehall Terminal's renovation was the first part of urban planner [Robert Moses](/wiki/Robert_Moses \"Robert Moses\")'s proposal to redevelop the area around South Ferry.\n\n",
"#### Operation\n\nThe NYCTA decided in early 1959 to overhaul the adjacent South Ferry subway station, adding a wide stairway that connected with one of the terminal's entrance ramps. The St. George–Whitehall ferry route continued to operate after the [Verrazzano\\-Narrows Bridge](/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge \"Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge\") opened in 1964, as the bridge's opening was expected to spur an influx of residents to Staten Island. By 1967, the St. George–Whitehall route was the sole remaining ferry route in New York City. As early as 1972, city officials proposed replacing the St. George and Whitehall terminals with facilities that contained six slips, although officials did not plan to rebuild either terminal until 2000\\. After hundreds of ferry passengers were injured in a 1978 ferry collision, the Department of Marine Aviation upgraded the terminal's fog\\-lighting system.\n\nIn January 1980, city officials began adding elevators and escalators to the Whitehall Terminal as part of a $5\\.75 million modernization program for the Staten Island Ferry. The federal government funded about 75 percent of the project's cost, while the state paid 20 percent and the city paid 5 percent. As part of the renovation, officials planned to add stores to the Whitehall Terminal. They relocated turnstiles and demolished a concession stand at the center of the terminal, allowing visitors to shop without having to pay fares. City officials formally opened the first store in the terminal, a cookie shop, in June 1981\\. The city government announced plans in 1985 to sell the Whitehall Terminal as part of the [South Ferry Plaza](/wiki/South_Ferry_Plaza \"South Ferry Plaza\") project. The Whitehall Terminal would be replaced, and the developer would restore the adjacent Battery Maritime Building, an official city landmark that could not be demolished. City officials received proposals from seven developers in August 1985\\. An eighth plan had been submitted by the end of that year.\n\nThe [Zeckendorf Company](/wiki/William_Zeckendorf \"William Zeckendorf\") was selected in July 1986 to develop a 60\\-story tower above the Whitehall Terminal at a cost of about $400 million. The city government would retain ownership of the terminals and lease the site to Zeckendorf for 99 years. Several city agencies had to approve the plans for South Ferry Plaza, so construction could not start for another two years. [KG Land](/wiki/Kumagai_Gumi \"Kumagai Gumi\") was also a partner in the development project. The terminal was to be extended into New York Harbor, and new [pilings](/wiki/Deep_foundation \"Deep foundation\") would be constructed to support the weight of the office tower. After the [Williamsburg Bridge](/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge \"Williamsburg Bridge\") was closed for emergency repairs in April 1988, ferries to [Williamsburg, Brooklyn](/wiki/Williamsburg%2C_Brooklyn \"Williamsburg, Brooklyn\"), were temporarily operated from Whitehall Terminal. The South Ferry Plaza plan had stalled by late 1990\\. South Ferry Plaza was canceled in January 1991 due to a decline in the real estate market, and the terminal's renovation was delayed as a result.\n\n",
"### New terminal\n\n#### Fire and early plans\n\n[thumb\\|360px\\|right\\|alt\\=Three docks can be seen from the air, and next to them is a covered ferry terminal. This is an aerial view over a river.\\|Aerial view of Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal building and slips (left) and the [Battery Maritime Building](/wiki/Battery_Maritime_Building \"Battery Maritime Building\") (right)The](/wiki/File:Staten_Island_Ferry_Whitehall_Terminal_photo_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg \"Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg\") Whitehall Terminal's ceiling and roof were gutted by a major fire on September 8, 1991, rendering it unusable. City officials deemed the fire suspicious, citing the fact that the fire had spread quickly. The city saw an opportunity to rebuild the terminal, which it planned to complete by 1998\\. In May 1992, the [New York City Economic Development Corporation](/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation \"New York City Economic Development Corporation\") held an international [architectural design competition](/wiki/Architectural_design_competition \"Architectural design competition\") for a replacement facility. The same month, Congress proposed allocating federal funds for the project. The EDC selected six finalists that August: [Venturi Scott Brown](/wiki/Venturi_Scott_Brown \"Venturi Scott Brown\"), [Rafael Vinoly](/wiki/Rafael_Vinoly \"Rafael Vinoly\"), [Aldo Rossi](/wiki/Aldo_Rossi \"Aldo Rossi\"), [Polshek Partnership](/wiki/Ennead_Architects \"Ennead Architects\"), [Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates](/wiki/Hardy_Holzman_Pfeiffer_Associates \"Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates\") and [Skidmore, Owings \\& Merrill](/wiki/Skidmore%2C_Owings_%26_Merrill \"Skidmore, Owings & Merrill\"). The next month, city officials also announced that they would permanently ban vehicles from the Staten Island Ferry to reduce vehicular congestion at the rebuilt terminal. New York state officials proposed a bond issue that would have provided $80 million for the Whitehall Terminal's reconstruction, but state residents voted against the bond issue in November 1992\\.\n\nA partnership of Venturi Scott Brown and [Anderson/Schwartz Architects](/wiki/Anderson/Schwartz_Architects \"Anderson/Schwartz Architects\") was selected to redesign the Whitehall Terminal on November 6, 1992\\. The winning design featured a [barrel\\-vaulted](/wiki/Barrel_vault \"Barrel vault\") waiting room similar in size to [Grand Central Terminal](/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal \"Grand Central Terminal\")'s [Main Concourse](/wiki/Main_Concourse \"Main Concourse\"). This design also incorporated a large electronic facade facing the harbor, which would have contained the [largest clock faces in the world](/wiki/List_of_largest_clock_faces \"List of largest clock faces\"), measuring . The *[Journal of the American Institute of Architects](/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Institute_of_Architects \"Journal of the American Institute of Architects\")* wrote: \"The facades on the east, west, and north are almost [Miesian](/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe \"Ludwig Mies van der Rohe\") in character, but are more utilitarian than elegant.\" The [Municipal Art Society](/wiki/Municipal_Art_Society \"Municipal Art Society\") hosted an exhibit of all of the finalists' designs in early 1993\\. The clock received criticism from such figures as Staten Island borough president [Guy Molinari](/wiki/Guy_Molinari \"Guy Molinari\") and architectural critic [Herbert Muschamp](/wiki/Herbert_Muschamp \"Herbert Muschamp\"). Although members of the general public generally did not view the design favorably, *The New York Times*' [editorial board](/wiki/Editorial_board \"Editorial board\") readily supported the project. The original plans called for an analog clock, which was changed to a digital clock, but the digital alternative was also poorly received. Civic authorities ultimately scrapped plans for the clock, deeming it architecturally unacceptable.\n\nAfter [Rudy Giuliani](/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani \"Rudy Giuliani\") won the [1993 New York City mayoral election](/wiki/1993_New_York_City_mayoral_election \"1993 New York City mayoral election\"), he reversed the decision to ban cars from the rebuilt Whitehall Terminal, which not only raised the cost by $500,000 but also delayed the project by about six months. By 1994, construction of the new terminal was not expected to start for another three years. The [United States House of Representatives](/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives \"United States House of Representatives\") voted to allocate $5 million for the Whitehall Terminal's reconstruction in June 1995, following advocacy from [Susan Molinari](/wiki/Susan_Molinari \"Susan Molinari\"), the U.S. representative for Staten Island and the daughter of Guy Molinari. The decision was influenced by the fact that Molinari was the chair of the [United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure](/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Transportation_and_Infrastructure \"United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure\"). Congress allocated another $3\\.6 million to the Whitehall Terminal project in November 1995, and another $2\\.5 million was included in the Transportation Appropriations Act for fiscal year 1996\\.\n\nVenturi Scott Brown subsequently redesigned the terminal, removing the planned clock and adding windows facing Lower Manhattan and a large indoor [LED](/wiki/Light-emitting_diode \"Light-emitting diode\") display. In mid\\-1995, Venturi Scott Brown presented a revised proposal, which was publicly nicknamed the \"zipper\" because the plan included an electronic sign along New York Harbor. This proposal was also poorly received; Guy Molinari referred to it as \"Las Vegas on the Manhattan waterfront\". The architects presented a third proposal in September 1996, which called for a glass wall on the harbor and a glass entrance facing inland. Although Guy Molinari supported the third proposal, a representative of the Ferry Riders Committee called it \"bland, bland, bland\". Venturi Scott Brown left the project in late 1996 after the city government downsized the design to a simple steel\\-and\\-glass facade, in an attempt to reduce the terminal's cost by $30 million. In January 1997, an EDC official predicted that the structure would cost $82 million and would be completed in 2001, while another official predicted that the hub would not be rebuilt until 2002\\.\n\n#### Revised design\n\n[Frederic Schwartz](/wiki/Frederic_Schwartz \"Frederic Schwartz\") of Anderson/Schwartz Architects presented a new design for the terminal in early 1997\\. The design called for a structure with a entry hall, as well as a waiting room overlooking the New York Harbor, which was to be 50 percent larger than the original waiting room. Schwartz's design included the same high glass wall on the Lower Manhattan side as did Venturi's design. The size of the LED display in Venturi's design was heavily reduced. Also added were a rooftop waterfront viewing deck with a photovoltaic array on its canopy, a long sinuous canopy on the street side with the words \"Staten Island Ferry\" on it, and a [Percent for Art](/wiki/Percent_for_Art \"Percent for Art\") installation called *Slips* by [Dennis Adams](/wiki/Dennis_Adams \"Dennis Adams\"). As part of the project, Peter Minuit Plaza would be constructed outside the terminal, replacing five small traffic islands. Robert Silman Associates was selected as the structural engineer, while TAMS Consultants was the consulting engineer. In addition, Tishman/Harris was the construction contractor.\n\nCongress passed the $200 billion [Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century](/wiki/Transportation_Equity_Act_for_the_21st_Century \"Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century\") in May 1998, providing $40 million for the reconstruction of the Whitehall Terminal. By mid\\-1999, several members of Congress were considering withdrawing $12 million in federal funding because of repeated delays. City officials still had not made any public announcement about the new terminal ever since Anderson/Schwartz's plans had been announced two years prior. When the NYCDOT started soliciting bids for construction contractors in 2000, the project was set to cost $150 million. Construction on the project officially started on September 26, 2000\\. By then, the cost of the project had increased to $180 million because of engineers, architects, and contractors' fees. This was part of a larger plan for the Staten Island Ferry, which was to cost over $400 million. At the time, the new terminal was scheduled to be completed in 36 months.\n\nTwo factors complicated construction of the new terminal. The NYCDOT required that two of the terminal's three ferry slips remain open during construction, so the terminal had to be rebuilt in phases. Furthermore, the terminal was also built over the [Battery Park Underpass](/wiki/Battery_Park_Underpass \"Battery Park Underpass\") and three subway tunnels, so a foundation for the terminal was built underground. Construction was temporarily delayed after the [September 11 attacks](/wiki/September_11_attacks \"September 11 attacks\") in 2001, which caused the [collapse](/wiki/Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center \"Collapse of the World Trade Center\") of the nearby [World Trade Center](/wiki/World_Trade_Center_%281973%E2%80%932001%29 \"World Trade Center (1973–2001)\"). After the attacks, officials proposed a $7 billion redesign of transit in Lower Manhattan, including a new South Ferry subway terminal with a direct connection to the Whitehall ferry terminal. As a result of the [Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002](/wiki/Maritime_Transportation_Security_Act_of_2002 \"Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002\"), all vehicular traffic on the ferry was banned in 2003, and passengers were required to board and depart from different sections of the ferry. Passengers departed from the terminal's lower level, which required boarding passengers to use the upper level. The St. George Terminal, at the other end of the route, was being rebuilt at the same time; by 2004, the costs of the two projects had increased by a combined $160 million.\n\n#### Opening and later modifications\n\nWhitehall Terminal reopened on February 8, 2005\\. The final cost of the terminal's renovation had increased to $200 million, in part because of security and insurance costs related to the September 11 attacks. In 2007, the NYCDOT received federal funding for the installation of anti\\-vehicle barriers outside the terminal, and it also installed spikes to deter pigeons, which frequently flew inside the terminal. The department also had trouble attracting tenants to the retail space at the terminal, which only had two tenants in the two years after it was completed. Following the completion of the new [South Ferry station](/wiki/South_Ferry_station_%28IRT_Broadway-Seventh_Avenue_Line%29 \"South Ferry station (IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line)\") under the Whitehall Terminal in 2009, [MTA Capital Construction](/wiki/MTA_Capital_Construction \"MTA Capital Construction\") rebuilt [Peter Minuit Plaza](/wiki/Peter_Minuit_Plaza \"Peter Minuit Plaza\") outside the ferry terminal, which reopened in 2011\\. Also in 2009, the NYCDOT added storefronts and restaurant spaces to the ferry terminal.\n\nThe [United States Department of Transportation](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation \"United States Department of Transportation\") provided $2 million in 2010 for the renovation of the substructure underneath the Whitehall Terminal's slips. The upper level of the terminal contained a simulator that was used for training ferry captains. City officials installed Wi\\-Fi at the Whitehall Terminal in 2013 as part of a pilot program. After a controversy over the lack of electric outlets at the terminal, city officials installed [USB charging ports](/wiki/USB_charging_port \"USB charging port\") there in 2016\\. The lower levels of both Staten Island Ferry terminals were reopened in 2017 to reduce crowding on the ships' upper levels. The St. George Terminal's lower level was opened during the morning rush, and the Whitehall Terminal's lower level was opened during middays and the evening rush.\n\n",
"#### Fire and early plans\n\n[thumb\\|360px\\|right\\|alt\\=Three docks can be seen from the air, and next to them is a covered ferry terminal. This is an aerial view over a river.\\|Aerial view of Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal building and slips (left) and the [Battery Maritime Building](/wiki/Battery_Maritime_Building \"Battery Maritime Building\") (right)The](/wiki/File:Staten_Island_Ferry_Whitehall_Terminal_photo_Don_Ramey_Logan.jpg \"Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg\") Whitehall Terminal's ceiling and roof were gutted by a major fire on September 8, 1991, rendering it unusable. City officials deemed the fire suspicious, citing the fact that the fire had spread quickly. The city saw an opportunity to rebuild the terminal, which it planned to complete by 1998\\. In May 1992, the [New York City Economic Development Corporation](/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation \"New York City Economic Development Corporation\") held an international [architectural design competition](/wiki/Architectural_design_competition \"Architectural design competition\") for a replacement facility. The same month, Congress proposed allocating federal funds for the project. The EDC selected six finalists that August: [Venturi Scott Brown](/wiki/Venturi_Scott_Brown \"Venturi Scott Brown\"), [Rafael Vinoly](/wiki/Rafael_Vinoly \"Rafael Vinoly\"), [Aldo Rossi](/wiki/Aldo_Rossi \"Aldo Rossi\"), [Polshek Partnership](/wiki/Ennead_Architects \"Ennead Architects\"), [Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates](/wiki/Hardy_Holzman_Pfeiffer_Associates \"Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer Associates\") and [Skidmore, Owings \\& Merrill](/wiki/Skidmore%2C_Owings_%26_Merrill \"Skidmore, Owings & Merrill\"). The next month, city officials also announced that they would permanently ban vehicles from the Staten Island Ferry to reduce vehicular congestion at the rebuilt terminal. New York state officials proposed a bond issue that would have provided $80 million for the Whitehall Terminal's reconstruction, but state residents voted against the bond issue in November 1992\\.\n\nA partnership of Venturi Scott Brown and [Anderson/Schwartz Architects](/wiki/Anderson/Schwartz_Architects \"Anderson/Schwartz Architects\") was selected to redesign the Whitehall Terminal on November 6, 1992\\. The winning design featured a [barrel\\-vaulted](/wiki/Barrel_vault \"Barrel vault\") waiting room similar in size to [Grand Central Terminal](/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal \"Grand Central Terminal\")'s [Main Concourse](/wiki/Main_Concourse \"Main Concourse\"). This design also incorporated a large electronic facade facing the harbor, which would have contained the [largest clock faces in the world](/wiki/List_of_largest_clock_faces \"List of largest clock faces\"), measuring . The *[Journal of the American Institute of Architects](/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Institute_of_Architects \"Journal of the American Institute of Architects\")* wrote: \"The facades on the east, west, and north are almost [Miesian](/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe \"Ludwig Mies van der Rohe\") in character, but are more utilitarian than elegant.\" The [Municipal Art Society](/wiki/Municipal_Art_Society \"Municipal Art Society\") hosted an exhibit of all of the finalists' designs in early 1993\\. The clock received criticism from such figures as Staten Island borough president [Guy Molinari](/wiki/Guy_Molinari \"Guy Molinari\") and architectural critic [Herbert Muschamp](/wiki/Herbert_Muschamp \"Herbert Muschamp\"). Although members of the general public generally did not view the design favorably, *The New York Times*' [editorial board](/wiki/Editorial_board \"Editorial board\") readily supported the project. The original plans called for an analog clock, which was changed to a digital clock, but the digital alternative was also poorly received. Civic authorities ultimately scrapped plans for the clock, deeming it architecturally unacceptable.\n\nAfter [Rudy Giuliani](/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani \"Rudy Giuliani\") won the [1993 New York City mayoral election](/wiki/1993_New_York_City_mayoral_election \"1993 New York City mayoral election\"), he reversed the decision to ban cars from the rebuilt Whitehall Terminal, which not only raised the cost by $500,000 but also delayed the project by about six months. By 1994, construction of the new terminal was not expected to start for another three years. The [United States House of Representatives](/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives \"United States House of Representatives\") voted to allocate $5 million for the Whitehall Terminal's reconstruction in June 1995, following advocacy from [Susan Molinari](/wiki/Susan_Molinari \"Susan Molinari\"), the U.S. representative for Staten Island and the daughter of Guy Molinari. The decision was influenced by the fact that Molinari was the chair of the [United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure](/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Transportation_and_Infrastructure \"United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure\"). Congress allocated another $3\\.6 million to the Whitehall Terminal project in November 1995, and another $2\\.5 million was included in the Transportation Appropriations Act for fiscal year 1996\\.\n\nVenturi Scott Brown subsequently redesigned the terminal, removing the planned clock and adding windows facing Lower Manhattan and a large indoor [LED](/wiki/Light-emitting_diode \"Light-emitting diode\") display. In mid\\-1995, Venturi Scott Brown presented a revised proposal, which was publicly nicknamed the \"zipper\" because the plan included an electronic sign along New York Harbor. This proposal was also poorly received; Guy Molinari referred to it as \"Las Vegas on the Manhattan waterfront\". The architects presented a third proposal in September 1996, which called for a glass wall on the harbor and a glass entrance facing inland. Although Guy Molinari supported the third proposal, a representative of the Ferry Riders Committee called it \"bland, bland, bland\". Venturi Scott Brown left the project in late 1996 after the city government downsized the design to a simple steel\\-and\\-glass facade, in an attempt to reduce the terminal's cost by $30 million. In January 1997, an EDC official predicted that the structure would cost $82 million and would be completed in 2001, while another official predicted that the hub would not be rebuilt until 2002\\.\n\n",
"#### Revised design\n\n[Frederic Schwartz](/wiki/Frederic_Schwartz \"Frederic Schwartz\") of Anderson/Schwartz Architects presented a new design for the terminal in early 1997\\. The design called for a structure with a entry hall, as well as a waiting room overlooking the New York Harbor, which was to be 50 percent larger than the original waiting room. Schwartz's design included the same high glass wall on the Lower Manhattan side as did Venturi's design. The size of the LED display in Venturi's design was heavily reduced. Also added were a rooftop waterfront viewing deck with a photovoltaic array on its canopy, a long sinuous canopy on the street side with the words \"Staten Island Ferry\" on it, and a [Percent for Art](/wiki/Percent_for_Art \"Percent for Art\") installation called *Slips* by [Dennis Adams](/wiki/Dennis_Adams \"Dennis Adams\"). As part of the project, Peter Minuit Plaza would be constructed outside the terminal, replacing five small traffic islands. Robert Silman Associates was selected as the structural engineer, while TAMS Consultants was the consulting engineer. In addition, Tishman/Harris was the construction contractor.\n\nCongress passed the $200 billion [Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century](/wiki/Transportation_Equity_Act_for_the_21st_Century \"Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century\") in May 1998, providing $40 million for the reconstruction of the Whitehall Terminal. By mid\\-1999, several members of Congress were considering withdrawing $12 million in federal funding because of repeated delays. City officials still had not made any public announcement about the new terminal ever since Anderson/Schwartz's plans had been announced two years prior. When the NYCDOT started soliciting bids for construction contractors in 2000, the project was set to cost $150 million. Construction on the project officially started on September 26, 2000\\. By then, the cost of the project had increased to $180 million because of engineers, architects, and contractors' fees. This was part of a larger plan for the Staten Island Ferry, which was to cost over $400 million. At the time, the new terminal was scheduled to be completed in 36 months.\n\nTwo factors complicated construction of the new terminal. The NYCDOT required that two of the terminal's three ferry slips remain open during construction, so the terminal had to be rebuilt in phases. Furthermore, the terminal was also built over the [Battery Park Underpass](/wiki/Battery_Park_Underpass \"Battery Park Underpass\") and three subway tunnels, so a foundation for the terminal was built underground. Construction was temporarily delayed after the [September 11 attacks](/wiki/September_11_attacks \"September 11 attacks\") in 2001, which caused the [collapse](/wiki/Collapse_of_the_World_Trade_Center \"Collapse of the World Trade Center\") of the nearby [World Trade Center](/wiki/World_Trade_Center_%281973%E2%80%932001%29 \"World Trade Center (1973–2001)\"). After the attacks, officials proposed a $7 billion redesign of transit in Lower Manhattan, including a new South Ferry subway terminal with a direct connection to the Whitehall ferry terminal. As a result of the [Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002](/wiki/Maritime_Transportation_Security_Act_of_2002 \"Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002\"), all vehicular traffic on the ferry was banned in 2003, and passengers were required to board and depart from different sections of the ferry. Passengers departed from the terminal's lower level, which required boarding passengers to use the upper level. The St. George Terminal, at the other end of the route, was being rebuilt at the same time; by 2004, the costs of the two projects had increased by a combined $160 million.\n\n",
"#### Opening and later modifications\n\nWhitehall Terminal reopened on February 8, 2005\\. The final cost of the terminal's renovation had increased to $200 million, in part because of security and insurance costs related to the September 11 attacks. In 2007, the NYCDOT received federal funding for the installation of anti\\-vehicle barriers outside the terminal, and it also installed spikes to deter pigeons, which frequently flew inside the terminal. The department also had trouble attracting tenants to the retail space at the terminal, which only had two tenants in the two years after it was completed. Following the completion of the new [South Ferry station](/wiki/South_Ferry_station_%28IRT_Broadway-Seventh_Avenue_Line%29 \"South Ferry station (IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line)\") under the Whitehall Terminal in 2009, [MTA Capital Construction](/wiki/MTA_Capital_Construction \"MTA Capital Construction\") rebuilt [Peter Minuit Plaza](/wiki/Peter_Minuit_Plaza \"Peter Minuit Plaza\") outside the ferry terminal, which reopened in 2011\\. Also in 2009, the NYCDOT added storefronts and restaurant spaces to the ferry terminal.\n\nThe [United States Department of Transportation](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation \"United States Department of Transportation\") provided $2 million in 2010 for the renovation of the substructure underneath the Whitehall Terminal's slips. The upper level of the terminal contained a simulator that was used for training ferry captains. City officials installed Wi\\-Fi at the Whitehall Terminal in 2013 as part of a pilot program. After a controversy over the lack of electric outlets at the terminal, city officials installed [USB charging ports](/wiki/USB_charging_port \"USB charging port\") there in 2016\\. The lower levels of both Staten Island Ferry terminals were reopened in 2017 to reduce crowding on the ships' upper levels. The St. George Terminal's lower level was opened during the morning rush, and the Whitehall Terminal's lower level was opened during middays and the evening rush.\n\n",
"Description\n-----------\n\nThe current terminal, completed in 2005, is four stories high and contains three ferry slips. The terminal is open 24 hours a day and handles around 70,000 ferry passengers daily. It includes access to the [New York City Subway](/wiki/New_York_City_Subway \"New York City Subway\")'s [South Ferry/Whitehall Street station](/wiki/South_Ferry/Whitehall_Street_station \"South Ferry/Whitehall Street station\"), served by the , as well as bus services at Peter Minuit Plaza. When the terminal opened, the South Ferry and Whitehall Street stations were separate; the terminal only had direct access to the South Ferry station, which had two stairs leading directly to the Staten Island Ferry terminal. Access to bicycle lanes and other water transport, including the [Governors Island](/wiki/Governors_Island \"Governors Island\") ferry at the neighboring [Battery Maritime Building](/wiki/Battery_Maritime_Building \"Battery Maritime Building\"), is also available. There is [taxicab](/wiki/Taxicabs_of_New_York_City \"Taxicabs of New York City\") service outside the terminal as well. The complex includes the [Peter Minuit Plaza](/wiki/Peter_Minuit_Plaza \"Peter Minuit Plaza\"), named after [Peter Minuit](/wiki/Peter_Minuit \"Peter Minuit\").[SchwartzArch.com, Ferry Terminal description](http://www.schwartzarch.com/projects/staten_island_ferry.html), retrieved February 21, 2011\\.\n\n[thumb\\|250px\\|left\\|alt\\=The Staten Island Ferry takes a curved route between Manhattan and Staten Island, two islands in New York City.\\|Route of ferry from Whitehall Terminal to Staten Island](/wiki/File:Staten_Island_Ferry_OSM_Map.svg \"Staten Island Ferry OSM Map.svg\")\n\n[Justin Davidson](/wiki/Justin_Davidson \"Justin Davidson\") wrote for *[Newsday](/wiki/Newsday \"Newsday\")* that the hub was \"an elegant addition to \\[the] city's architecture\" and a destination in its own right, saying: \"The panorama of lower Manhattan from the top of the escalators, the vast windows framing the Statue of Liberty, the upstairs deck with views of the harbor – these are reasons to take shelter here for a little longer than the ferry schedule makes strictly necessary.\" According to *Contract* magazine, the terminal was intended as a \"destination spot where visitors can sit outside, have lunch, and take in the views of the Statue of Liberty and the Brooklyn Bridge\".\n\n### Features\n\nThe terminal building's facade is made of corrugated stainless\\-steel panels and glass. The building was intended to accommodate 65,000 daily passengers and has a total floor area of or . The current waiting room covers and is about twice as large as the second terminal's waiting room. The building also has of retail space, of terraces, and of office space. There is an additional 10,000 square feet of space to support needs linked to ferry operations and ancillary support.[NYC.gov website](http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/statfery.shtml), retrieved February 22, 2011\\. The roof contains an observation deck.\n\nThe waiting room has a ceiling measuring 75 feet high. There are exit concourses on the western and eastern walls of the waiting room, as well as a central entrance hall. Inside the terminal are a food court, DOT offices, and an observation deck facing New York Harbor. In addition to the retail shops, nonprofit organization [GrowNYC](/wiki/GrowNYC \"GrowNYC\") operates an indoor [farmers' market](/wiki/Farmers%27_market \"Farmers' market\") within the terminal. The terminal does not contain turnstiles, as the Staten Island Ferry has been fare\\-free since 1997\\. However, riders who want to make a round trip must disembark at the terminal and reenter through the terminal building to comply with [United States Coast Guard](/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard \"United States Coast Guard\") regulations regarding vessel capacity.\n\nThe terminal has a technologically advanced heating and air conditioning system, partially powered by solar panels that overhang the observation deck. The solar panels are placed along the roof and one elevation of the facade. The roof contains 288 panels in 30 different shapes.\n\n#### Structural features\n\nThe new terminal is supported by 130 concrete [caissons](/wiki/Caisson_%28engineering%29 \"Caisson (engineering)\"), which replaced the original wood pilings under the terminal building. The caissons are H\\-shaped, with [rebar](/wiki/Rebar \"Rebar\") reinforcement, and descend into the underlying bedrock, which varies from below ground. Because of the proximity of the Battery Park Underpass and the three subway tunnels, the engineers sheathed some of the caissons with two layers of steel sleeves, isolating them from the neighboring tunnels. At points where the terminal building is directly above the tunnels, it is supported by hanging roof columns, which rest on horizontal girders above the tunnels' roofs. The terminal building has a glass curtain wall on three of its sides, which is supported on steel columns measuring deep.\n\n#### *Whitehall Crossing*\n\nAs part of the [Percent for Art](/wiki/Percent_for_Art \"Percent for Art\") initiative, the city's Department of Cultural Affairs[LowerManhattan.info](http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/new_staten_island_ferry_59136.aspx) , retrieved February 22, 2011\\. purchased and installed sculptured granite benches created by artist [Ming Fay](/wiki/Ming_Fay \"Ming Fay\"), entitled *Whitehall Crossing*, in the waiting room. The installation includes a series of twenty\\-eight granite benches divided into three serpentine rows, suggesting the carved seats of a \"floating, organic form over a water theme terrazzo floor.\"[Whitehall Crossing on NYC.gov](http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcla/html/panyc/fay.shtml) , retrieved February 25, 2011\\. The benches were crafted to symbolize Indian canoes crossing New York Bay. The artist intended for visitors sitting on the benches to \"engage in, and thereby become part of, the design\".\n\nMing Fay, a [Shanghaiese](/wiki/Shanghai \"Shanghai\") [Chinese](/wiki/Chinese_people \"Chinese people\") artist, notes that this art he created was \"inspired by the Native American's early crossings with dug out canoes\", i.e. [Lenape canoes](/wiki/Lenape_canoes \"Lenape canoes\"). He described his goals for the art as follows:\n\n### Peter Minuit Plaza\n\nIn parallel with the construction of the new terminal, Peter Minuit Plaza was completely reconfigured to provide easy accommodation for pedestrians, buses, and taxis. The redesign plan included 42 new trees, along with public space for community activities, covered walkways from the terminal to Whitehall Terminal, a dedicated cab drop\\-off area and a new bus loop. The plaza reopened in 2011\\.\n\nThe plaza includes the \"New Amsterdam Plein and Pavilion\" (a gift from the [Kingdom of the Netherlands](/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands \"Kingdom of the Netherlands\")), an area to showcase art, design, and horticulture.[TheBattery.org:Peter Minuit Plaza](http://www.thebattery.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/blog11.pdf) , retrieved February 22, 2011\\. This area was conceived as an \"outdoor living room\" where scheduled and spontaneous activities can take place alongside public markets and a state of the art food and information pavilion.[The Battery Conservancy](http://www.thebattery.org/rebuilding/plein.php) , retrieved February 22, 2011\\. The Plein and Pavilion were designed by Dutch architect [Ben van Berkel](/wiki/Ben_van_Berkel \"Ben van Berkel\"), and the $3\\.2 million grant from the Netherlands that funded part of the project was given in honor of the celebration of New York's 400th anniversary, as well as in honor of \"the enduring relationship between New York and [Holland](/wiki/Holland \"Holland\").\" The rest of the plaza was funded by the [Metropolitan Transportation Authority](/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority \"Metropolitan Transportation Authority\"), which paid $22\\.1 million, and the [United States Department of Homeland Security](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security \"United States Department of Homeland Security\"), which provided $1\\.4 million.\n\n",
"### Features\n\nThe terminal building's facade is made of corrugated stainless\\-steel panels and glass. The building was intended to accommodate 65,000 daily passengers and has a total floor area of or . The current waiting room covers and is about twice as large as the second terminal's waiting room. The building also has of retail space, of terraces, and of office space. There is an additional 10,000 square feet of space to support needs linked to ferry operations and ancillary support.[NYC.gov website](http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/ferrybus/statfery.shtml), retrieved February 22, 2011\\. The roof contains an observation deck.\n\nThe waiting room has a ceiling measuring 75 feet high. There are exit concourses on the western and eastern walls of the waiting room, as well as a central entrance hall. Inside the terminal are a food court, DOT offices, and an observation deck facing New York Harbor. In addition to the retail shops, nonprofit organization [GrowNYC](/wiki/GrowNYC \"GrowNYC\") operates an indoor [farmers' market](/wiki/Farmers%27_market \"Farmers' market\") within the terminal. The terminal does not contain turnstiles, as the Staten Island Ferry has been fare\\-free since 1997\\. However, riders who want to make a round trip must disembark at the terminal and reenter through the terminal building to comply with [United States Coast Guard](/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard \"United States Coast Guard\") regulations regarding vessel capacity.\n\nThe terminal has a technologically advanced heating and air conditioning system, partially powered by solar panels that overhang the observation deck. The solar panels are placed along the roof and one elevation of the facade. The roof contains 288 panels in 30 different shapes.\n\n#### Structural features\n\nThe new terminal is supported by 130 concrete [caissons](/wiki/Caisson_%28engineering%29 \"Caisson (engineering)\"), which replaced the original wood pilings under the terminal building. The caissons are H\\-shaped, with [rebar](/wiki/Rebar \"Rebar\") reinforcement, and descend into the underlying bedrock, which varies from below ground. Because of the proximity of the Battery Park Underpass and the three subway tunnels, the engineers sheathed some of the caissons with two layers of steel sleeves, isolating them from the neighboring tunnels. At points where the terminal building is directly above the tunnels, it is supported by hanging roof columns, which rest on horizontal girders above the tunnels' roofs. The terminal building has a glass curtain wall on three of its sides, which is supported on steel columns measuring deep.\n\n#### *Whitehall Crossing*\n\nAs part of the [Percent for Art](/wiki/Percent_for_Art \"Percent for Art\") initiative, the city's Department of Cultural Affairs[LowerManhattan.info](http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/new_staten_island_ferry_59136.aspx) , retrieved February 22, 2011\\. purchased and installed sculptured granite benches created by artist [Ming Fay](/wiki/Ming_Fay \"Ming Fay\"), entitled *Whitehall Crossing*, in the waiting room. The installation includes a series of twenty\\-eight granite benches divided into three serpentine rows, suggesting the carved seats of a \"floating, organic form over a water theme terrazzo floor.\"[Whitehall Crossing on NYC.gov](http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcla/html/panyc/fay.shtml) , retrieved February 25, 2011\\. The benches were crafted to symbolize Indian canoes crossing New York Bay. The artist intended for visitors sitting on the benches to \"engage in, and thereby become part of, the design\".\n\nMing Fay, a [Shanghaiese](/wiki/Shanghai \"Shanghai\") [Chinese](/wiki/Chinese_people \"Chinese people\") artist, notes that this art he created was \"inspired by the Native American's early crossings with dug out canoes\", i.e. [Lenape canoes](/wiki/Lenape_canoes \"Lenape canoes\"). He described his goals for the art as follows:\n\n",
"#### Structural features\n\nThe new terminal is supported by 130 concrete [caissons](/wiki/Caisson_%28engineering%29 \"Caisson (engineering)\"), which replaced the original wood pilings under the terminal building. The caissons are H\\-shaped, with [rebar](/wiki/Rebar \"Rebar\") reinforcement, and descend into the underlying bedrock, which varies from below ground. Because of the proximity of the Battery Park Underpass and the three subway tunnels, the engineers sheathed some of the caissons with two layers of steel sleeves, isolating them from the neighboring tunnels. At points where the terminal building is directly above the tunnels, it is supported by hanging roof columns, which rest on horizontal girders above the tunnels' roofs. The terminal building has a glass curtain wall on three of its sides, which is supported on steel columns measuring deep.\n\n",
"#### *Whitehall Crossing*\n\nAs part of the [Percent for Art](/wiki/Percent_for_Art \"Percent for Art\") initiative, the city's Department of Cultural Affairs[LowerManhattan.info](http://www.lowermanhattan.info/news/new_staten_island_ferry_59136.aspx) , retrieved February 22, 2011\\. purchased and installed sculptured granite benches created by artist [Ming Fay](/wiki/Ming_Fay \"Ming Fay\"), entitled *Whitehall Crossing*, in the waiting room. The installation includes a series of twenty\\-eight granite benches divided into three serpentine rows, suggesting the carved seats of a \"floating, organic form over a water theme terrazzo floor.\"[Whitehall Crossing on NYC.gov](http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcla/html/panyc/fay.shtml) , retrieved February 25, 2011\\. The benches were crafted to symbolize Indian canoes crossing New York Bay. The artist intended for visitors sitting on the benches to \"engage in, and thereby become part of, the design\".\n\nMing Fay, a [Shanghaiese](/wiki/Shanghai \"Shanghai\") [Chinese](/wiki/Chinese_people \"Chinese people\") artist, notes that this art he created was \"inspired by the Native American's early crossings with dug out canoes\", i.e. [Lenape canoes](/wiki/Lenape_canoes \"Lenape canoes\"). He described his goals for the art as follows:\n\n",
"### Peter Minuit Plaza\n\nIn parallel with the construction of the new terminal, Peter Minuit Plaza was completely reconfigured to provide easy accommodation for pedestrians, buses, and taxis. The redesign plan included 42 new trees, along with public space for community activities, covered walkways from the terminal to Whitehall Terminal, a dedicated cab drop\\-off area and a new bus loop. The plaza reopened in 2011\\.\n\nThe plaza includes the \"New Amsterdam Plein and Pavilion\" (a gift from the [Kingdom of the Netherlands](/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands \"Kingdom of the Netherlands\")), an area to showcase art, design, and horticulture.[TheBattery.org:Peter Minuit Plaza](http://www.thebattery.org/news/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/blog11.pdf) , retrieved February 22, 2011\\. This area was conceived as an \"outdoor living room\" where scheduled and spontaneous activities can take place alongside public markets and a state of the art food and information pavilion.[The Battery Conservancy](http://www.thebattery.org/rebuilding/plein.php) , retrieved February 22, 2011\\. The Plein and Pavilion were designed by Dutch architect [Ben van Berkel](/wiki/Ben_van_Berkel \"Ben van Berkel\"), and the $3\\.2 million grant from the Netherlands that funded part of the project was given in honor of the celebration of New York's 400th anniversary, as well as in honor of \"the enduring relationship between New York and [Holland](/wiki/Holland \"Holland\").\" The rest of the plaza was funded by the [Metropolitan Transportation Authority](/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority \"Metropolitan Transportation Authority\"), which paid $22\\.1 million, and the [United States Department of Homeland Security](/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security \"United States Department of Homeland Security\"), which provided $1\\.4 million.\n\n",
"Gallery\n-------\n\nSI Ferry Docking Manhattan.JPG\\|alt\\=An orange Staten Island Ferry ship; the words \"Staten Island\" are seen on the side of the ship.\\|Ferry docking into terminal, 2008\nSouth Ferry slip 1 closeup.JPG\\|alt\\=A loading bridge in a ferry slip\\|Ferry slips, 2009\nSouth Ferry slip 1\\.JPG\\|alt\\=A ferry slip\\|South Ferry slip\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Roll\\-on/roll\\-off](/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off \"Roll-on/roll-off\") ferries\n",
"References\n----------\n\n**Notes**\n\n**Citations**\n\n**Bibliography**\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Images](http://www.bridgeandtunnelclub.com/bigmap/manhattan/lowermanhattan/ferryterminal/index.htm)\n* [Photo of Ming Fay's *Whitehall Crossing*](https://web.archive.org/web/20110628223628/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcla/html/panyc/fay.shtml)\n\n[Category:Port of New York and New Jersey](/wiki/Category:Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey \"Port of New York and New Jersey\")\n[Category:Staten Island Ferry](/wiki/Category:Staten_Island_Ferry \"Staten Island Ferry\")\n[Category:Transit centers in New York City](/wiki/Category:Transit_centers_in_New_York_City \"Transit centers in New York City\")\n[Category:Tourist attractions in Manhattan](/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Manhattan \"Tourist attractions in Manhattan\")\n[Category:Water transportation in New York City](/wiki/Category:Water_transportation_in_New_York_City \"Water transportation in New York City\")\n[Category:Government buildings in Manhattan](/wiki/Category:Government_buildings_in_Manhattan \"Government buildings in Manhattan\")\n[Category:South Ferry (Manhattan)](/wiki/Category:South_Ferry_%28Manhattan%29 \"South Ferry (Manhattan)\")\n[Category:Ferry terminals in Manhattan](/wiki/Category:Ferry_terminals_in_Manhattan \"Ferry terminals in Manhattan\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Dog Poison
|
{
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
}
|
g8z6cqkco3653k6wa3y4uq1cake39q7
|
2024-06-11T05:47:52Z
| 1,171,370,583 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Track listing",
"Personnel",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Dog Poison*** is the ninth studio [album](/wiki/Album \"Album\") by the American [garage rock](/wiki/Garage_rock \"Garage rock\") band [Thee Oh Sees](/wiki/Osees \"Osees\"), released in 2009 on [Captured Tracks](/wiki/Captured_Tracks \"Captured Tracks\"). It is the band's third release under the name Thee Oh Sees.\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\n",
"Personnel\n---------\n\nAll personnel credits adapted from the album's liner notes\n* [John Dwyer](/wiki/John_Dwyer_%28musician%29 \"John Dwyer (musician)\") \\- writer, performer\n* Paul Wackers \\- cover art\n* Eric Landmark \\- master\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:2009 albums](/wiki/Category:2009_albums \"2009 albums\")\n[Category:Osees albums](/wiki/Category:Osees_albums \"Osees albums\")\n[Category:Captured Tracks albums](/wiki/Category:Captured_Tracks_albums \"Captured Tracks albums\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Isaac Whood
|
{
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
}
|
69a0wmkpkj72yd8qpebzej1hm2gdiri
|
2022-12-08T04:39:05Z
| 1,085,555,536 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Life",
"Death",
"References",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Isaac Whood** (1689–1752\\) was an English portrait\\-painter, who was known for being a great imitator of the painting styles of [Godfrey Kneller](/wiki/Godfrey_Kneller \"Godfrey Kneller\").\n\n",
"Life\n----\n\n[thumb\\|Engraving by [William Holl the Younger](/wiki/William_Holl_the_Younger \"William Holl the Younger\"), from a portrait by Whood of [Isaac Barrow](/wiki/Isaac_Barrow \"Isaac Barrow\").](/wiki/File:William_Holl_the_Younger03.jpg \"William Holl the Younger03.jpg\")\nWhood practised for many years as a portrait\\-painter in [Lincoln's Inn Fields](/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn_Fields \"Lincoln's Inn Fields\"), London. His portraits of ladies were considered some of the best of the time.\n\nHe was especially patronised by [John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford](/wiki/John_Russell%2C_4th_Duke_of_Bedford \"John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford\"), for whom he painted numerous portraits of members of the Spencer and Russell families, destined for [Woburn Abbey](/wiki/Woburn_Abbey \"Woburn Abbey\"); some of these were copied by Whood from other painters. At [Winchester College](/wiki/Winchester_College \"Winchester College\") there are portraits of twelve gentleman commoners from 1731\\. At Cambridge there are portraits by Whood at [Trinity College](/wiki/Trinity_College%2C_Cambridge \"Trinity College, Cambridge\"), including one of [Isaac Barrow](/wiki/Isaac_Barrow \"Isaac Barrow\"), and at [Trinity Hall](/wiki/Trinity_Hall%2C_Cambridge \"Trinity Hall, Cambridge\"). There is a portrait of Archbishop [William Wake](/wiki/William_Wake \"William Wake\") by Whood at [Lambeth Palace](/wiki/Lambeth_Palace \"Lambeth Palace\"), painted in 1736\\.\n\nSome of his portraits were engraved in [mezzotint](/wiki/Mezzotint \"Mezzotint\"), notably one of [Laurent Delvaux](/wiki/Laurent_Delvaux \"Laurent Delvaux\") the sculptor, engraved by [Alexander Van Haecken](/wiki/Alexander_Van_Haecken \"Alexander Van Haecken\"). Whood's drawings include some in chalk or [blacklead](/wiki/Plumbago_drawing \"Plumbago drawing\"). In 1743 he executed a series of designs to illustrate [Samuel Butler](/wiki/Samuel_Butler_%28poet%29 \"Samuel Butler (poet)\")'s *[Hudibras](/wiki/Hudibras \"Hudibras\")*. The portrait of [Joseph Spence](/wiki/Joseph_Spence_%28author%29 \"Joseph Spence (author)\") prefixed to his *Anecdotes* was engraved from a portrait by Whood.\n\n",
"Death\n-----\n\nWhood died in [Bloomsbury Square](/wiki/Bloomsbury_Square \"Bloomsbury Square\"), London, on 24 February 1752\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\nAttribution\n\n[Category:1689 births](/wiki/Category:1689_births \"1689 births\")\n[Category:1752 deaths](/wiki/Category:1752_deaths \"1752 deaths\")\n[Category:17th\\-century English painters](/wiki/Category:17th-century_English_painters \"17th-century English painters\")\n[Category:English male painters](/wiki/Category:English_male_painters \"English male painters\")\n[Category:18th\\-century English painters](/wiki/Category:18th-century_English_painters \"18th-century English painters\")\n[Category:18th\\-century English male artists](/wiki/Category:18th-century_English_male_artists \"18th-century English male artists\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Bertha M. and Marie A. Green House
|
{
"id": [
5886041
],
"name": [
"Another Believer"
]
}
|
tcj3e7w1o0037zqh1c3qi9daeciqn3k
|
2024-06-13T20:57:54Z
| 1,178,973,712 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Bertha M. and Marie A. Green House** is a building located in southwest [Portland](/wiki/Portland%2C_Oregon \"Portland, Oregon\"), [Oregon](/wiki/Oregon \"Oregon\"), listed on the [National Register of Historic Places](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places \"National Register of Historic Places\").\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [National Register of Historic Places listings in Southwest Portland, Oregon](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Southwest_Portland%2C_Oregon \"National Register of Historic Places listings in Southwest Portland, Oregon\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1937 establishments in Oregon](/wiki/Category:1937_establishments_in_Oregon \"1937 establishments in Oregon\")\n[Category:Art Deco architecture in Oregon](/wiki/Category:Art_Deco_architecture_in_Oregon \"Art Deco architecture in Oregon\")\n[Category:Colonial Revival architecture in Oregon](/wiki/Category:Colonial_Revival_architecture_in_Oregon \"Colonial Revival architecture in Oregon\")\n[Category:Georgian Revival architecture in Oregon](/wiki/Category:Georgian_Revival_architecture_in_Oregon \"Georgian Revival architecture in Oregon\")\n[Category:Houses completed in 1937](/wiki/Category:Houses_completed_in_1937 \"Houses completed in 1937\")\n[Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Portland, Oregon](/wiki/Category:Houses_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Portland%2C_Oregon \"Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Portland, Oregon\")\n[Category:Portland Historic Landmarks](/wiki/Category:Portland_Historic_Landmarks \"Portland Historic Landmarks\")\n[Category:Buildings and structures in Southwest Hills, Portland, Oregon](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Southwest_Hills%2C_Portland%2C_Oregon \"Buildings and structures in Southwest Hills, Portland, Oregon\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
George Bankes
|
{
"id": [
15799587
],
"name": [
"LookLook36"
]
}
|
2xoarcqk4tjsgosu4var1g1vb4wnr64
|
2023-12-21T01:31:48Z
| 1,169,455,163 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"Career",
"Writing",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**George Bankes** (1 December 1787 – 5 July 1856\\) was the last of the Cursitor [Barons of the Exchequer](/wiki/Baron_of_the_Exchequer \"Baron of the Exchequer\"), the office being abolished by Conservative ministry of the Earl of Derby in 1852\\. Without any legal experience at the bar, he was the last barrister to be appointed to the post considered to be a medieval anachronism.\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nBankes was the third son of [Henry Bankes](/wiki/Henry_Bankes \"Henry Bankes\") of Kingston Hall, [Dorsetshire](/wiki/Dorsetshire \"Dorsetshire\"), who represented [Corfe Castle](/wiki/Corfe_Castle_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Corfe Castle (UK Parliament constituency)\") for nearly fifty years, and of Frances, daughter of William Woodley, governor of the [Leeward Islands](/wiki/Leeward_Islands \"Leeward Islands\"). Bankes was a lineal descendant of [Sir John Bankes](/wiki/Sir_John_Bankes \"Sir John Bankes\"), [Chief Justice of the Common Pleas](/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Common_Pleas \"Chief Justice of the Common Pleas\") in the reign of [Charles I](/wiki/Charles_I_of_England \"Charles I of England\"). He was educated at [Westminster School](/wiki/Westminster_School \"Westminster School\") and [Trinity Hall, Cambridge](/wiki/Trinity_Hall%2C_Cambridge \"Trinity Hall, Cambridge\").\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nBankes studied law first at [Lincoln's Inn](/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn \"Lincoln's Inn\"), and afterward at the [Inner Temple](/wiki/Inner_Temple \"Inner Temple\"), and was called to the [bar](/wiki/Barristers_in_England_and_Wales \"Barristers in England and Wales\") by the latter society in 1815\\. In the following year, he entered [Parliament](/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom \"Parliament of the United Kingdom\") as his father's colleague for the family borough of [Corfe Castle](/wiki/Corfe_Castle_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Corfe Castle (UK Parliament constituency)\"), which he represented in every succeeding Parliament until 1823\\. He was again returned for Corfe Castle in 1826, and sat until 1832, when the family borough was united with that of [Wareham](/wiki/Wareham_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Wareham (UK Parliament constituency)\").\n[thumb\\|Kingston Lacy House – the Bankes family seat](/wiki/File:Kingston_Lacy_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1059796.jpg \"Kingston Lacy House - geograph.org.uk - 1059796.jpg\")\nHe does not appear to have achieved any remarkable professional success, but owing, presumably, to his family influence, he was appointed one of the bankruptcy commissioners in 1822, and Cursitor Baron in 1824\\. In 1829, under the [Wellington administration](/wiki/Tory_Government_1828%E2%80%931830 \"Tory Government 1828–1830\"), he became chief secretary of the [Board of Control](/wiki/India_Board \"India Board\"), and in the next year a [Junior Lord of the Treasury](/wiki/Junior_Lord_of_the_Treasury \"Junior Lord of the Treasury\"), and one of the commissioners for the affairs of India.\n\nBankes was returned unopposed for Corfe Castle at the general election of 1826 and occupied the seat until 1832\\. In 1831, while returning to Purbeck in an open carriage from the declaration at the Dorset county election in the company of [Lord Encombe](/wiki/John_Scott%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Eldon \"John Scott, 2nd Earl of Eldon\"), he was stoned at Wareham by a mob of a hundred men. Although there were no injuries, it was stated that Encombe might have died had not an umbrella deflected one of the stones from his head.Dorset County Chronicle, Thursday 26 May 1831, p. 4 column 1\\. At the general election in 1841 Bankes again entered Parliament, being returned by the [county of Dorset](/wiki/Dorset_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Dorset (UK Parliament constituency)\"), for which he continued to sit until his death. A [Tory](/wiki/Tory \"Tory\"), he strenuously opposed [Robert Peel](/wiki/Robert_Peel \"Robert Peel\")'s commercial reforms. During [the short administration](/wiki/Who%3F_Who%3F_Ministry \"Who? Who? Ministry\") of the [Earl of Derby](/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley%2C_14th_Earl_of_Derby \"Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby\") in 1852, Bankes held the office of [Judge Advocate General](/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"Judge Advocate General (United Kingdom)\"), and was sworn a [Privy Councillor](/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom \"Privy Council of the United Kingdom\").\n\nOn the death of his elder brother, [William John Bankes](/wiki/William_John_Bankes \"William John Bankes\") , in 1855, he succeeded to the family estate at Kingston Lacy, but died himself the following year at his residence in [Old Palace Yard](/wiki/Old_Palace_Yard \"Old Palace Yard\"), Westminster. He left three sons and five daughters by his wife Georgina Charlotte, only child of [Admiral Sir Charles Nugent](/wiki/Charles_Edmund_Nugent \"Charles Edmund Nugent\") Kingston Lacy passed to his eldest son, Edmund George Bankes.\n\n",
"Writing\n-------\n\nBankes was the author of *The Story of Corfe Castle and of many who have lived there*, and of *Brave Dame Mary*, a work of fiction inspired by the life of [Mary Bankes](/wiki/Mary_Bankes \"Mary Bankes\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* (Corfe Castle)\n* (Dorset)\n\n[Category:1787 births](/wiki/Category:1787_births \"1787 births\")\n[Category:1856 deaths](/wiki/Category:1856_deaths \"1856 deaths\")\n[Category:People educated at Westminster School, London](/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Westminster_School%2C_London \"People educated at Westminster School, London\")\n[Category:Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge](/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Trinity_Hall%2C_Cambridge \"Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge\")\n[Category:Members of the Inner Temple](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Inner_Temple \"Members of the Inner Temple\")\n[Category:Politicians from Dorset](/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Dorset \"Politicians from Dorset\")\n[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies](/wiki/Category:Conservative_Party_%28UK%29_MPs_for_English_constituencies \"Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies\")\n[Category:Tory MPs (pre\\-1834\\)](/wiki/Category:Tory_MPs_%28pre-1834%29 \"Tory MPs (pre-1834)\")\n[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Privy_Council_of_Great_Britain \"Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1818–1820](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1818%E2%80%931820 \"UK MPs 1818–1820\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1820–1826](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1820%E2%80%931826 \"UK MPs 1820–1826\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1826–1830](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1826%E2%80%931830 \"UK MPs 1826–1830\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1830–1831](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1830%E2%80%931831 \"UK MPs 1830–1831\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1831–1832](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1831%E2%80%931832 \"UK MPs 1831–1832\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1841–1847](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1841%E2%80%931847 \"UK MPs 1841–1847\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1847–1852](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1847%E2%80%931852 \"UK MPs 1847–1852\")\n[Category:UK MPs 1852–1857](/wiki/Category:UK_MPs_1852%E2%80%931857 \"UK MPs 1852–1857\")\n[Category:English barristers](/wiki/Category:English_barristers \"English barristers\")\n[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom \"Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Phlocteis
|
{
"id": [
84639
],
"name": [
"Edibobb"
]
}
|
awmg8f6y6s02xcj6596dw5j2aybcg9p
|
2021-09-08T04:06:25Z
| 915,848,321 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Phlocteis*** is a genus of [beetles](/wiki/Beetle \"Beetle\") in the family [Buprestidae](/wiki/Buprestidae \"Buprestidae\"), containing the following species:\n\n* *[Phlocteis cyaniventris](/wiki/Phlocteis_cyaniventris \"Phlocteis cyaniventris\")* Kerremans, 1898\n* *[Phlocteis exasperata](/wiki/Phlocteis_exasperata \"Phlocteis exasperata\")* (Swartz, 1817\\)\n* *[Phlocteis hova](/wiki/Phlocteis_hova \"Phlocteis hova\")* Thery, 1937\n* *[Phlocteis humeralis](/wiki/Phlocteis_humeralis \"Phlocteis humeralis\")* (Waterhouse, 1887\\)\n* *[Phlocteis quadricornis](/wiki/Phlocteis_quadricornis \"Phlocteis quadricornis\")* (Fairmaire, 1892\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Buprestidae genera](/wiki/Category:Buprestidae_genera \"Buprestidae genera\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Mellwood, Arkansas
|
{
"id": [
13892963
],
"name": [
"Patapsco913"
]
}
|
s1zifz70af9nkfmxemnrnduzjdjov7a
|
2024-05-14T15:23:34Z
| 1,164,966,337 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Demographics",
"2020 census",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Mellwood** is an [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area \"Unincorporated area\") and [census\\-designated place](/wiki/Census-designated_place \"Census-designated place\") (CDP) in [Phillips County](/wiki/Phillips_County%2C_Arkansas \"Phillips County, Arkansas\"), [Arkansas](/wiki/Arkansas \"Arkansas\"), United States. Mellwood is located on [Arkansas Highway 44](/wiki/Arkansas_Highway_44 \"Arkansas Highway 44\"), southwest of [Elaine](/wiki/Elaine%2C_Arkansas \"Elaine, Arkansas\"). Mellwood has a [post office](/wiki/Post_office \"Post office\") with [ZIP code](/wiki/ZIP_code \"ZIP code\") 72367\\. It was first listed as a CDP in the [2020 census](/wiki/2020_United_States_census \"2020 United States census\") with a population of 21\\.\n\nThe [lynching of Owen Flemming](/wiki/Lynching_of_Owen_Flemming \"Lynching of Owen Flemming\") occurred near Mellwood on June 8, 1927\\.\n\n",
"Demographics\n------------\n\n### 2020 census\n\n| \\+**Mellwood CDP, Arkansas – Racial and ethnic composition** | Race / Ethnicity (*NH \\= Non\\-Hispanic*) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [White](/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites \"Non-Hispanic or Latino whites\") alone (NH) | 9 | 42\\.86% |\n| [Black or African American](/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans \"Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans\") alone (NH) | 7 | 33\\.33% |\n| [Native American](/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States \"Native Americans in the United States\") or [Alaska Native](/wiki/Alaska_Native \"Alaska Native\") alone (NH) | 1 | 4\\.76% |\n| [Asian](/wiki/Asian_Americans \"Asian Americans\") alone (NH) | 0 | 0\\.00% |\n| [Pacific Islander](/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans \"Pacific Islander Americans\") alone (NH) | 0 | 0\\.00% |\n| [Some Other Race](/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census \"Race and ethnicity in the United States census\") alone (NH) | 0 | 0\\.00% |\n| [Mixed Race or Multi\\-Racial](/wiki/Multiracial_Americans \"Multiracial Americans\") (NH) | 4 | 19\\.05% |\n| [Hispanic or Latino](/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans \"Hispanic and Latino Americans\") (any race) | 0 | 0\\.00% |\n| **Total** | **21** | **100\\.00%** |\n\n",
"### 2020 census\n\n| \\+**Mellwood CDP, Arkansas – Racial and ethnic composition** | Race / Ethnicity (*NH \\= Non\\-Hispanic*) | Pop 2020 | % 2020 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [White](/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites \"Non-Hispanic or Latino whites\") alone (NH) | 9 | 42\\.86% |\n| [Black or African American](/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans \"Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans\") alone (NH) | 7 | 33\\.33% |\n| [Native American](/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States \"Native Americans in the United States\") or [Alaska Native](/wiki/Alaska_Native \"Alaska Native\") alone (NH) | 1 | 4\\.76% |\n| [Asian](/wiki/Asian_Americans \"Asian Americans\") alone (NH) | 0 | 0\\.00% |\n| [Pacific Islander](/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans \"Pacific Islander Americans\") alone (NH) | 0 | 0\\.00% |\n| [Some Other Race](/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census \"Race and ethnicity in the United States census\") alone (NH) | 0 | 0\\.00% |\n| [Mixed Race or Multi\\-Racial](/wiki/Multiracial_Americans \"Multiracial Americans\") (NH) | 4 | 19\\.05% |\n| [Hispanic or Latino](/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans \"Hispanic and Latino Americans\") (any race) | 0 | 0\\.00% |\n| **Total** | **21** | **100\\.00%** |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Phillips County, Arkansas](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Phillips_County%2C_Arkansas \"Unincorporated communities in Phillips County, Arkansas\")\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Arkansas](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Arkansas \"Unincorporated communities in Arkansas\")\n[Category:Census\\-designated places in Arkansas](/wiki/Category:Census-designated_places_in_Arkansas \"Census-designated places in Arkansas\")\n[Category:Census\\-designated places in Phillips County, Arkansas](/wiki/Category:Census-designated_places_in_Phillips_County%2C_Arkansas \"Census-designated places in Phillips County, Arkansas\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Joutel
|
{
"id": [
41969144
],
"name": [
"MarieCDu"
]
}
|
39mybk3hlxig9am1j5y8frxxzxn08o3
|
2024-05-23T23:56:43Z
| 1,225,363,493 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Joutel, Quebec is a ghost town.](/wiki/File:Joutel_QC_3_Sep_2015.jpg \"Joutel QC 3 Sep 2015.jpg\")\n**Joutel** is a [ghost town](/wiki/Ghost_town \"Ghost town\") in the [Canadian](/wiki/Canada \"Canada\") province of [Quebec](/wiki/Quebec \"Quebec\"), located in the municipality of [Baie\\-James](/wiki/Baie-James \"Baie-James\") off [Route 109](/wiki/Quebec_Route_109 \"Quebec Route 109\") between [Amos](/wiki/Amos%2C_Quebec \"Amos, Quebec\") and [Matagami](/wiki/Matagami%2C_Quebec \"Matagami, Quebec\").[Joutel](http://www.ghosttowns.com/canada/quebec/joutel.html). ghosttowns.com.\n\n[thumb\\|Joutel, circa 1970\\.](/wiki/File:Vue_a%C3%A9rienne_de_Joutel.jpg \"Vue aérienne de Joutel.jpg\")\n\nFirst established in 1965 due to the opening of [gold](/wiki/Gold \"Gold\"), [copper](/wiki/Copper \"Copper\") and [zinc](/wiki/Zinc \"Zinc\") mines in the area, the community was named for early French explorer [Henri Joutel](/wiki/Henri_Joutel \"Henri Joutel\"), and had a population of several hundred residents at its peak. In the early 1970s, media services were brought to the community, including [rebroadcasters](/wiki/Rebroadcaster \"Rebroadcaster\") of [CKRN\\-TV](/wiki/CKRN-TV \"CKRN-TV\")[Canadian Communications Foundation \\- CKRN\\-TV History](http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/listings_and_histories/television/histories.php?id=109&historyID=135) and [CBF\\-FM](/wiki/CBF-FM \"CBF-FM\").[Canadian Communications Foundation \\- CBF\\-FM History](http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/listings_and_histories/radio/histories.php?id=475&historyID=240) . However, the community was abandoned by 1998, when the ore reserves were depleted enough that the mines were no longer profitable.\n\nAs of 2018, the CKRN rebroadcaster that served Joutel is still in operation, to serve a number of recreational properties and rural residents in the surrounding area.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Ghost towns in Quebec](/wiki/Category:Ghost_towns_in_Quebec \"Ghost towns in Quebec\")\n[Category:Communities in Nord\\-du\\-Québec](/wiki/Category:Communities_in_Nord-du-Qu%C3%A9bec \"Communities in Nord-du-Québec\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Bolles baronets
|
{
"id": [
949717
],
"name": [
"Clarityfiend"
]
}
|
pmjn2xzkztxbwyerz1cil47th0qyim7
|
2023-05-21T13:40:12Z
| 1,095,911,093 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Bolles baronets, of Scampton (1628)",
"Bolles later Jopson baronets, of Osberton (1635)",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThere have been two baronetcies created people named Bolles, one in the [Baronetage of England](/wiki/Baronetage_of_England \"Baronetage of England\") and one in the [Baronetage of Nova Scotia](/wiki/Baronetage_of_Nova_Scotia \"Baronetage of Nova Scotia\").\n\nThe **Bolles Baronetcy**, of [Scampton](/wiki/Scampton \"Scampton\") in the [County of Lincolnshire](/wiki/County_of_Lincolnshire \"County of Lincolnshire\"), was a title in the [Baronetage of England](/wiki/Baronetage_of_England \"Baronetage of England\"). It was created on 24 July 1628 for John Bolles, son of [Sir George Bolles](/wiki/George_Bolles \"George Bolles\"), [Lord Mayor of London](/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London \"Lord Mayor of London\") and [High Sheriff of Lincolnshire](/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Lincolnshire \"High Sheriff of Lincolnshire\") in 1627\\. The second Baronet was [Member of Parliament](/wiki/Member_of_Parliament \"Member of Parliament\") for [Lincoln](/wiki/Lincoln_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Lincoln (UK Parliament constituency)\") from 1661 to 1663\\. The fourth Baronet followed his example from 1690 to 1702\\. The title became extinct on the latter's death in 1714\\.[George Edward Cokayne *Complete Baronetage, Volume 2* 1900](https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092524382#page/n65/mode/2up)\n\nThe **Bolles later Jopson Baronetcy**, of [Osberton](/wiki/Osberton \"Osberton\") in the [County of Nottingham](/wiki/County_of_Nottingham \"County of Nottingham\"), was a title in the [Baronetage of Nova Scotia](/wiki/Baronetage_of_Nova_Scotia \"Baronetage of Nova Scotia\"). It was created on 19 December 1635 for Mary Bolles, born Mary Wytham. She married first Thomas Jopson, of [Cudworth](/wiki/Cudworth%2C_South_Yorkshire \"Cudworth, South Yorkshire\") in the [County of York](/wiki/County_of_York \"County of York\"), and second, as his second wife, Thomas Bolles, of Osberton, who died in 1635\\. This is the only instance of a baronetcy being created for a woman. On the death of her grandson from her first marriage, the baronetcy became dormant.\n\n",
"Bolles baronets, of Scampton (1628\\)\n------------------------------------\n\n* [Sir John Bolles, 1st Baronet](/wiki/Sir_John_Bolles%2C_1st_Baronet \"Sir John Bolles, 1st Baronet\") (–1648\\)\n* [Sir Robert Bolles, 2nd Baronet](/wiki/Sir_Robert_Bolles%2C_2nd_Baronet \"Sir Robert Bolles, 2nd Baronet\") (1619–1663\\)\n* Sir John Bolles, 3rd Baronet (1641–1686\\)\n* [Sir John Bolles, 4th Baronet](/wiki/Sir_John_Bolles%2C_4th_Baronet \"Sir John Bolles, 4th Baronet\") (1669–1714\\)\n",
"Bolles later Jopson baronets, of Osberton (1635\\)\n-------------------------------------------------\n\n* Dame Mary Bolles, 1st Baronetess (1579–1662\\)\n* Sir William Jopson, 2nd Baronet (c.1635–c.1670\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England](/wiki/Category:Extinct_baronetcies_in_the_Baronetage_of_England \"Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England\")\n[Category:1628 establishments in England](/wiki/Category:1628_establishments_in_England \"1628 establishments in England\")\n\n"
]
}
|
XHUDO-FM
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2806:2F0:7060:C8D2:9D78:CE95:8C28:99F0"
]
}
|
nlzkwyktchen26p7qdd5w0estf435li
|
2022-07-31T20:26:57Z
| 1,069,105,653 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**XHUDO\\-FM** is a Mexican college [radio station](/wiki/Radio_station \"Radio station\") owned by the [Universidad Autónoma de Occidente](/wiki/Universidad_Aut%C3%B3noma_de_Occidente_%28Mexico%29 \"Universidad Autónoma de Occidente (Mexico)\") in [Los Mochis](/wiki/Los_Mochis \"Los Mochis\"), [Sinaloa](/wiki/Sinaloa \"Sinaloa\"), [Mexico](/wiki/Mexico \"Mexico\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nWhile the university had produced radio programs since 1984, the Universidad de Occidente, or U de O as it was known, sought to build its own radio station. It first received a permit for a station on 1040 kHz at [Culiacán](/wiki/Culiac%C3%A1n \"Culiacán\"), which would have been **XECUL\\-AM**, but as the bulk of the university's students were located in Los Mochis, the school sought to move the unbuilt station permit to that city. It was not until September 24, 1992 that **XEUDO\\-AM** 820 took to the air. Early programming was difficult, as the station had little music to play, though it was initially a daytimer with programming from 6am to 8pm. In 1995, the programming schedule extended to 10pm.\n\nXEUDO migrated to FM as **XHUDO\\-FM** 89\\.3 after receiving authorization to do so in 2011\\. The move allowed XHUDO to begin programming 24 hours a day.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Radio stations in Sinaloa](/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_Sinaloa \"Radio stations in Sinaloa\")\n[Category:University radio stations in Mexico](/wiki/Category:University_radio_stations_in_Mexico \"University radio stations in Mexico\")\n[Category:Mass media in Los Mochis](/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Los_Mochis \"Mass media in Los Mochis\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Eastcote House Gardens
|
{
"id": [
27015025
],
"name": [
"InternetArchiveBot"
]
}
|
hc3l7cuea740lh26zuyx8kcqrd10sxy
|
2023-04-30T06:56:30Z
| 1,094,828,915 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Eastcote House",
"Gardens",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Eastcote House Gardens** is an area of public parkland in [Eastcote](/wiki/Eastcote \"Eastcote\"), within the [London Borough of Hillingdon](/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hillingdon \"London Borough of Hillingdon\"). The site covers and incorporates the walled garden, [dovecote](/wiki/Dovecote \"Dovecote\") and coach house of Eastcote House. The house was demolished in 1964 by the then [Ruislip\\-Northwood Urban District Council](/wiki/Ruislip-Northwood_Urban_District_Council \"Ruislip-Northwood Urban District Council\") (RNUDC), one of the predecessors of the London Borough of Hillingdon which was formed the following year. At the public's request, the garden and outbuildings were retained and are now maintained by a group of volunteers, the Friends of Eastcote House Gardens, in partnership with the local authority.\n\nEastcote House was one of three largest in Eastcote, together with [Highgrove House](/wiki/Highgrove_House%2C_Eastcote \"Highgrove House, Eastcote\") and [Haydon Hall](/wiki/Haydon_Hall \"Haydon Hall\"). All came to be owned by the RNUDC, but only Highgrove House remains in its original form; Haydon Hall was demolished in 1967 by the RNUDC's successor.Bowlt 1994, p.35\n\nThe coach house, dovecote, and garden walls received [Grade II listed](/wiki/Listed_building \"Listed building\") status on 6 September 1974\\. Ecological surveys have found fifty types of trees in the gardens, and numerous species of birds, mammals and insects have been recorded. The gardens received the [Green Flag Award](/wiki/Green_Flag_Award \"Green Flag Award\") in September 2011 following an earlier inspection.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### Eastcote House\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Eastcote House was the home of the Hawtrey family](/wiki/File:Eastcote_House.jpg \"Eastcote House.jpg\")\nEastcote House is first recorded in 1507, when it was known as \"Hopkyttes\", under the ownership of the Walleston family. In 1525, Ralph Hawtrey married Winifred Walleston, and they made Hopkyttes their marital home, renaming it Eastcote House. The house was extended by either Ralph Hawtrey or his son John, and the brick exterior added. The original timber framework was not revealed again until the house was demolished. John Hawtrey built the dovecote without applying for the required licence. After his death in 1593, his nephew Ralph Hawtrey applied retrospectively, and the licence was granted.Bowlt 2007, p.39 During the 18th century, the dovecote was substantially rebuilt, leaving only the original first few rows of bricks. The Hawtrey family, later the Hawtrey\\-Deanes, continued to live in the house until Francis Deane moved to East View in Uxbridge in 1878\\. Eastcote House was then let to tenants and parts of the estate sold for housing developments.Bowlt 1994, p.30\n\nThe Ruislip\\-Northwood Urban District Council purchased the house and grounds, totalling , in 1931 after it became endangered by the proposed new housing development by the builders [Comben \\& Wakeling](/wiki/Comben_Homes \"Comben Homes\"). Eastcote House became a public building for the use of the Scouts, Guides, Women's Institute and a welfare clinic, though under the ownership of the council, the condition of the house deteriorated. In 1962 the house was declared unsafe, and it was demolished two years later after the council ruled there were no features of the house worth retaining.Bowlt 1994, p.31\n\nThe Eastcote Billiards Club began using the coach house in 1938\\. The club's lease of the building expired in 2005, but the club remained in residence, rent\\-free. In 2013, the club had moved to nearby Haydon Hall.[\"Eastcote Billiards Club\"](http://www.eastcoteparkestate.org.uk/newsletters/EPEA%20newsletter%20July%202013.pdf) in Eastcote Park Estate Association *Newsletter*, July 2013, p 4 \n[Eastcote Billiards Club website](http://www.eastcotebc.org.uk/)\n\n### Gardens\n\n[thumb\\|Detail of the entrance gate to the walled garden](/wiki/File:Eastcote_House_Gardens_Gate.jpg \"Eastcote House Gardens Gate.jpg\")\nThe narrow bricks in the garden walls have been dated to around the 17th century. The walled garden would originally have been used predominantly for growing fruit, vegetables, and herbs for the household's consumption, as well as flowers to exhibit at shows and for pleasure.Ruislip, Northwood and Eastcote Local History Society 1984, p.11\n\nThe walled garden, coach house, and dovecote were retained at the public's request when the house was demolished. On 6 September 1974, the garden walls and remaining buildings were awarded Grade II listed status. The herb garden was planted across the four centre beds in 1977 to celebrate the [Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II](/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II \"Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II\"). These included *[Artemisia](/wiki/Artemisia_%28plant%29 \"Artemisia (plant)\")*, [catmint](/wiki/Catmint \"Catmint\"), *[Santolina](/wiki/Santolina \"Santolina\")* and [curry plants](/wiki/Curry_plant \"Curry plant\"). To keep the plants within the beds, each was lined by [box](/wiki/Buxus \"Buxus\") in 1983\\.\n\nThe eastern wall was rebuilt in 1981, at which point the northern wall was reduced by seven layers of brick. An area of [topiary](/wiki/Topiary \"Topiary\") with seven specimens was planted in 1983 with box, behind the coach house. [Lilacs](/wiki/Lilac \"Lilac\"), weeping cherries and [hibiscus](/wiki/Hibiscus \"Hibiscus\") were planted in 1984 along the garden wall near the coach house. A pergola covered with [laburnum](/wiki/Laburnum \"Laburnum\") and [wisteria](/wiki/Wisteria \"Wisteria\") was introduced in 1986 leading to the entrance into the walled garden. Between 1986 and 1988, two iron gates and a sundial were added. In the 1990s, the orchard near the walled garden was supplemented by [black mulberry](/wiki/Black_mulberry \"Black mulberry\"), [walnut](/wiki/Walnut \"Walnut\") and [quince](/wiki/Quince \"Quince\") trees.\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|The coach house](/wiki/File:Eastcote_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1344726.jpg \"Eastcote House - geograph.org.uk - 1344726.jpg\")\nA footbridge crossing the [River Pinn](/wiki/River_Pinn \"River Pinn\") and leading to Long Meadow was replaced in 2007; the original had been built in 1977\\. In 2008, the Friends of Eastcote House Gardens was formed to care for the gardens and ensure they remain protected. The group received a £24,000 grant from the [Big Lottery Fund](/wiki/Big_Lottery_Fund \"Big Lottery Fund\") for the replanting of the gardens, which went ahead in April 2010\\. The Mayor of Hillingdon officially reopened the gardens on 17 July 2010\\.\n\nA survey completed in November 2009 found 50 types of trees in the gardens. Bats were found in the coach house during an ecological survey, but were not believed to be roosting there long\\-term. Species of birds observed in the gardens have included [song thrush](/wiki/Song_thrush \"Song thrush\"), [jay](/wiki/Jay \"Jay\"), [wren](/wiki/Wren \"Wren\"), [robin](/wiki/European_robin \"European robin\"), [kingfisher](/wiki/Kingfisher \"Kingfisher\") and [tawny owl](/wiki/Tawny_owl \"Tawny owl\"). Mammals regularly observed include [hedgehogs](/wiki/Hedgehog \"Hedgehog\"), [grey squirrels](/wiki/Eastern_gray_squirrel \"Eastern gray squirrel\") and [foxes](/wiki/Fox \"Fox\"). Butterflies including the [holly blue](/wiki/Holly_blue \"Holly blue\") and [painted lady](/wiki/Painted_lady \"Painted lady\") have been recorded.\n\nHillingdon Council provided a £150,000 grant in September 2010 for the restoration of the buildings. In April 2011, the council joined with the Friends to seek funding of up to £1 million from the [Heritage Lottery Fund](/wiki/Heritage_Lottery_Fund \"Heritage Lottery Fund\"), to support restoration work. It is planned that the coach house could be converted into a tea room.\n\nThe gardens received the [Green Flag Award](/wiki/Green_Flag_Award \"Green Flag Award\") in 2011 following an earlier inspection. The flag was raised in a ceremony on 14 September 2011\\.\n\n",
"### Eastcote House\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Eastcote House was the home of the Hawtrey family](/wiki/File:Eastcote_House.jpg \"Eastcote House.jpg\")\nEastcote House is first recorded in 1507, when it was known as \"Hopkyttes\", under the ownership of the Walleston family. In 1525, Ralph Hawtrey married Winifred Walleston, and they made Hopkyttes their marital home, renaming it Eastcote House. The house was extended by either Ralph Hawtrey or his son John, and the brick exterior added. The original timber framework was not revealed again until the house was demolished. John Hawtrey built the dovecote without applying for the required licence. After his death in 1593, his nephew Ralph Hawtrey applied retrospectively, and the licence was granted.Bowlt 2007, p.39 During the 18th century, the dovecote was substantially rebuilt, leaving only the original first few rows of bricks. The Hawtrey family, later the Hawtrey\\-Deanes, continued to live in the house until Francis Deane moved to East View in Uxbridge in 1878\\. Eastcote House was then let to tenants and parts of the estate sold for housing developments.Bowlt 1994, p.30\n\nThe Ruislip\\-Northwood Urban District Council purchased the house and grounds, totalling , in 1931 after it became endangered by the proposed new housing development by the builders [Comben \\& Wakeling](/wiki/Comben_Homes \"Comben Homes\"). Eastcote House became a public building for the use of the Scouts, Guides, Women's Institute and a welfare clinic, though under the ownership of the council, the condition of the house deteriorated. In 1962 the house was declared unsafe, and it was demolished two years later after the council ruled there were no features of the house worth retaining.Bowlt 1994, p.31\n\nThe Eastcote Billiards Club began using the coach house in 1938\\. The club's lease of the building expired in 2005, but the club remained in residence, rent\\-free. In 2013, the club had moved to nearby Haydon Hall.[\"Eastcote Billiards Club\"](http://www.eastcoteparkestate.org.uk/newsletters/EPEA%20newsletter%20July%202013.pdf) in Eastcote Park Estate Association *Newsletter*, July 2013, p 4 \n[Eastcote Billiards Club website](http://www.eastcotebc.org.uk/)\n\n",
"### Gardens\n\n[thumb\\|Detail of the entrance gate to the walled garden](/wiki/File:Eastcote_House_Gardens_Gate.jpg \"Eastcote House Gardens Gate.jpg\")\nThe narrow bricks in the garden walls have been dated to around the 17th century. The walled garden would originally have been used predominantly for growing fruit, vegetables, and herbs for the household's consumption, as well as flowers to exhibit at shows and for pleasure.Ruislip, Northwood and Eastcote Local History Society 1984, p.11\n\nThe walled garden, coach house, and dovecote were retained at the public's request when the house was demolished. On 6 September 1974, the garden walls and remaining buildings were awarded Grade II listed status. The herb garden was planted across the four centre beds in 1977 to celebrate the [Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II](/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II \"Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II\"). These included *[Artemisia](/wiki/Artemisia_%28plant%29 \"Artemisia (plant)\")*, [catmint](/wiki/Catmint \"Catmint\"), *[Santolina](/wiki/Santolina \"Santolina\")* and [curry plants](/wiki/Curry_plant \"Curry plant\"). To keep the plants within the beds, each was lined by [box](/wiki/Buxus \"Buxus\") in 1983\\.\n\nThe eastern wall was rebuilt in 1981, at which point the northern wall was reduced by seven layers of brick. An area of [topiary](/wiki/Topiary \"Topiary\") with seven specimens was planted in 1983 with box, behind the coach house. [Lilacs](/wiki/Lilac \"Lilac\"), weeping cherries and [hibiscus](/wiki/Hibiscus \"Hibiscus\") were planted in 1984 along the garden wall near the coach house. A pergola covered with [laburnum](/wiki/Laburnum \"Laburnum\") and [wisteria](/wiki/Wisteria \"Wisteria\") was introduced in 1986 leading to the entrance into the walled garden. Between 1986 and 1988, two iron gates and a sundial were added. In the 1990s, the orchard near the walled garden was supplemented by [black mulberry](/wiki/Black_mulberry \"Black mulberry\"), [walnut](/wiki/Walnut \"Walnut\") and [quince](/wiki/Quince \"Quince\") trees.\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|The coach house](/wiki/File:Eastcote_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1344726.jpg \"Eastcote House - geograph.org.uk - 1344726.jpg\")\nA footbridge crossing the [River Pinn](/wiki/River_Pinn \"River Pinn\") and leading to Long Meadow was replaced in 2007; the original had been built in 1977\\. In 2008, the Friends of Eastcote House Gardens was formed to care for the gardens and ensure they remain protected. The group received a £24,000 grant from the [Big Lottery Fund](/wiki/Big_Lottery_Fund \"Big Lottery Fund\") for the replanting of the gardens, which went ahead in April 2010\\. The Mayor of Hillingdon officially reopened the gardens on 17 July 2010\\.\n\nA survey completed in November 2009 found 50 types of trees in the gardens. Bats were found in the coach house during an ecological survey, but were not believed to be roosting there long\\-term. Species of birds observed in the gardens have included [song thrush](/wiki/Song_thrush \"Song thrush\"), [jay](/wiki/Jay \"Jay\"), [wren](/wiki/Wren \"Wren\"), [robin](/wiki/European_robin \"European robin\"), [kingfisher](/wiki/Kingfisher \"Kingfisher\") and [tawny owl](/wiki/Tawny_owl \"Tawny owl\"). Mammals regularly observed include [hedgehogs](/wiki/Hedgehog \"Hedgehog\"), [grey squirrels](/wiki/Eastern_gray_squirrel \"Eastern gray squirrel\") and [foxes](/wiki/Fox \"Fox\"). Butterflies including the [holly blue](/wiki/Holly_blue \"Holly blue\") and [painted lady](/wiki/Painted_lady \"Painted lady\") have been recorded.\n\nHillingdon Council provided a £150,000 grant in September 2010 for the restoration of the buildings. In April 2011, the council joined with the Friends to seek funding of up to £1 million from the [Heritage Lottery Fund](/wiki/Heritage_Lottery_Fund \"Heritage Lottery Fund\"), to support restoration work. It is planned that the coach house could be converted into a tea room.\n\nThe gardens received the [Green Flag Award](/wiki/Green_Flag_Award \"Green Flag Award\") in 2011 following an earlier inspection. The flag was raised in a ceremony on 14 September 2011\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n**Citations**\n\n**Bibliography**\n* Bowlt, Eileen. M. (1994\\) *Ruislip Past*. London: Historical Publications \n* Bowlt, Eileen. M. (2007\\) *Around Ruislip, Eastcote, Northwood, Ickenham \\& Harefield*. Stroud: Sutton Publishing \n* Ruislip, Northwood and Eastcote Local History Society. (1984\\) *Eastcote: a pictorial history*. \n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Eastcote House Gardens volunteers](http://www.hillingdon.gov.uk/index.jsp?articleid=22130) \\- London Borough of Hillingdon\n\n[Category:Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Hillingdon](/wiki/Category:Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hillingdon \"Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Hillingdon\")\n[Category:Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Hillingdon](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hillingdon \"Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Hillingdon\")\n[Category:Eastcote](/wiki/Category:Eastcote \"Eastcote\")\n[Category:British country houses destroyed in the 20th century](/wiki/Category:British_country_houses_destroyed_in_the_20th_century \"British country houses destroyed in the 20th century\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Galhareri District
|
{
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"192.145.175.214"
]
}
|
b3ubbzguualyjzyvgch5x1br7juvwtv
|
2024-10-18T03:07:59Z
| 1,251,791,986 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Galhareri District** () is a [district](/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Somalia \"Administrative divisions of Somalia\") in the southwestern [Galgaduud](/wiki/Galgaduud \"Galgaduud\") region of [Somalia](/wiki/Somalia \"Somalia\"). Galhareri shares borders with Harardhere to the north, Ceeldhere to the northeast, Derri to the east, Wabho to the west, and El Buur to the south. It is the third\\-largest city in the Galgadud region.\n\n, it has a population of 121,200\\. It is one of the oldest cities in the Galmudug State. \n\nThis city is inhabited by the Murusade clan, especially dominated by Habar\\-Idinle Tribe, and some famous people in the political arena belong to it, such as Former Minister of the planning of [Somalia](/wiki/Somalia \"Somalia\"), Abdirahman Yusuf Ali Aynte, Abdi Ahmed Dhuhulow (Dhegdher), Senator of Upper House Somalia, Hussein Kasim Yusuf (Hussein Idow) Member of Somalia Parliament, Mahad Sh Ali Ibaar former Minister of Sport Galmudug State and Current Member of Galmudug Parliament and Former Member of Parliament Galmudug \\& Current Minister Fisheries and Marine Resources Galmudug, Garad Yusuf Mohamud ( Garad Qowqabo).\n\nNotable, Engr. Abdisalam Moallim Salad, Engr Shafii Moallim Ali Ulusow, Deka Salad Ali, (Deka Ugas), Salah Hirey Kheyre, Abdirizak Nur Jim'ale (Kabrid), Noor Abdi Shire, Abdulkadir Qordhere, Sadak Nur Sabrie (Heriye), Mohamud Dahir Hilif, Abdikani Dahir Hilif, Hassan Mohamed Awale (Aga'adde), Dek Yusuf Mohamud Qowqabo, Abdishakur Hassan Iman (Dhegacade) and More\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nIn the 16th century, Galhareeri was Somali's most important city in Central State. Galhareeri was one of the cities of the Murusade tribe, sub\\-clan of HAWIYE Clans. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was one of the richest cities in the eastern part of Central State. it is also historical Sufi Cemetery place but was damaged by the AlShabab fighters. In 1970s Galhareeri became the most important city and announced District In Galgadud by former President “SIYYAD BARRE” administration in 1980s.\n\nThe Murusade clans have lived in prosperity for a long time and they ruled with strict \"Islamic Sharia law\" under, Murusade a sub\\-clans of the largest \"KARANLE Hawiye\" Ethnics..\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* [Districts of Somalia](http://www.statoids.com/yso.html)\n\n[Category:Districts of Somalia](/wiki/Category:Districts_of_Somalia \"Districts of Somalia\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Abdurrahman Melek
|
{
"id": [
194203
],
"name": [
"Graham87"
]
}
|
rj5qldknc3rlrk2mkpl5nu6dnua4bpo
|
2023-08-06T04:37:34Z
| 1,168,304,357 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Dr. Abdurrahman Melek](/wiki/File:Abdur_rahman_Melek.jpg \"Abdur rahman Melek.jpg\")\n**Abdurrahman Melek** (1896 in [Antakya](/wiki/Antakya \"Antakya\") – 13 January 1978 in [Ankara](/wiki/Ankara \"Ankara\")), was a Turkish politician, who served as the Prime Minister of the [Republic of Hatay](/wiki/Republic_of_Hatay \"Republic of Hatay\") founded following the constitution approved by the league of Nations on 19 May 1937\\.\n\nHe started practicing medicine, after studying at the Aleppo Sultaniye, Beirut University and graduating from the [Istanbul University](/wiki/Istanbul_University \"Istanbul University\") Faculty of Medicine.\n\nHe became of the predominant leaders in the effort to integrate [Hatay](/wiki/Hatay \"Hatay\") into [Turkey](/wiki/Turkey \"Turkey\"). He served as the Istanbul director of the Hatay Maturity Society (“Hatay Erginlik Cemiyeti”), took part in the Turkish Delegation negotiating with the French in Geneva. Preceding the foundation of the State of Hatay, he was appointed Governor of Hatay and prepared the foundation of the State of Hatay. He was appointed as prime minister of that state with the approval of Atatürk. While Prime Minister of Hatay, and before the integration of Hatay into Turkey, he was elected to the Turkish Grand National Assembly for Gaziantep (March 1939\\). He served as a member of parliament for Gaziantep in the 6\\., 7\\., and 8\\. terms, and for Hatay in the 9\\. term.\n\nIn later years (1959–1961\\), he served as a member of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.\n\nHe was involved from beginning to end in the struggle to get Hatay back from the [French](/wiki/France \"France\") and published his memoirs in a book titled “How Hatay Was Liberated” (“Hatay Nasıl Kurtuldu”), published by the Turkish History Institute in 1966\\.\n\nDr. Abdurrahman Melek died in Ankara on 13 January 1978\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* Dr. Abdurrahman Melek, Hatay Nasıl Kurtuldu, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1966 (“How Hatay Was Liberated”, published by the Turkish History Institute in 1966\\)\n\n[Category:1896 births](/wiki/Category:1896_births \"1896 births\")\n[Category:1978 deaths](/wiki/Category:1978_deaths \"1978 deaths\")\n[Category:Government of Turkey](/wiki/Category:Government_of_Turkey \"Government of Turkey\")\n[Category:Turkish politicians](/wiki/Category:Turkish_politicians \"Turkish politicians\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Yuya Kubo (footballer)
|
{
"id": [
48324162
],
"name": [
"AgIaophotis"
]
}
|
j5bezy9slguk8fm7g3by4ieplaugnam
|
2024-09-22T14:15:40Z
| 1,246,462,311 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Club career",
"Kyoto Sanga",
"Europe",
"United States",
"National team",
"Career statistics",
"Club",
"International",
"International goals",
"Honours",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n is a Japanese professional [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who plays as a [forward](/wiki/Forward_%28association_football%29 \"Forward (association football)\") or [midfielder](/wiki/Midfielder \"Midfielder\") for [Major League Soccer](/wiki/Major_League_Soccer \"Major League Soccer\") club [FC Cincinnati](/wiki/FC_Cincinnati \"FC Cincinnati\").\n\n",
"Club career\n-----------\n\nAt the age of six, Yuya Kubo started playing football for FC Yamaguchi, a local club based in his home city [Yamaguchi](/wiki/Yamaguchi_%28city%29 \"Yamaguchi (city)\"). From 2006 to 2008, he played at Konan Junior High School.\n\n### Kyoto Sanga\n\nIn 2009, at the age of fifteen, Kubo began to play in the [Kyoto Sanga FC](/wiki/Kyoto_Sanga_FC \"Kyoto Sanga FC\") U\\-18 team while he was still a high school student. In August 2010, he was promoted to the first\\-team at the age of sixteen.\n\nIn the 2011–12 season, he mainly played for the first\\-team scoring 13 goals in 33 matches. He was a key player in the Kyoto Sanga FC team which reached the [2011 Emperor's Cup](/wiki/2011_Emperor%27s_Cup \"2011 Emperor's Cup\") final scoring in extra time of the semi\\-final against [Yokohama Marinos](/wiki/Yokohama_Marinos \"Yokohama Marinos\"), breaking the 2–2 deadlock in a match which Sanga would go on to win 4–2\\. He also scored in the final against [FC Tokyo](/wiki/FC_Tokyo \"FC Tokyo\"), coming off the bench as he did in the semi\\-final. His goal was in vain this time however, as FC Tokyo won the match 2–4\\.\n\nIn the 2012–13 season, Kyoto Sanga announced an update to Kubo's contract improving it to pay him as a first team member.\n\n### Europe\n\nOn 18 June 2013, Kyoto Sanga announced Kubo's transfer to Swiss club [BSC Young Boys](/wiki/BSC_Young_Boys \"BSC Young Boys\"). He made his [Swiss Super League](/wiki/Swiss_Super_League \"Swiss Super League\") debut on 13 July playing 19 minutes in a 2–0 win against FC Sion at the season opener. On 28 July 2013, he scored two goals and made one assist coming off the bench against FC Thun in a 3–2 win. It was his first goal in his third game in the Swiss Super League.\n\nOn 25 January 2017, Kubo was acquired by Belgian club [K.A.A. Gent](/wiki/K.A.A._Gent \"K.A.A. Gent\") for a transfer fee of €3\\.5 million. He started in all seven remaining games of the regular season, having an immediate impact by scoring five goals.\n\nIn August 2018, Kubo joined [Bundesliga](/wiki/Bundesliga \"Bundesliga\") side [1\\. FC Nürnberg](/wiki/1._FC_N%C3%BCrnberg \"1. FC Nürnberg\") on loan for the 2018–19 season. While his Gent contract was also extended, Nürnberg secured an option to sign him permanently.\n\n### United States\n\nOn 9 January 2020, Kubo joined [MLS](/wiki/MLS \"MLS\") side [FC Cincinnati](/wiki/FC_Cincinnati \"FC Cincinnati\") as a [designated player](/wiki/Designated_Player_Rule \"Designated Player Rule\"). On 1 March 2020, he made his FC Cincinnati debut against the [New York Red Bulls](/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls \"New York Red Bulls\").\n\n",
"### Kyoto Sanga\n\nIn 2009, at the age of fifteen, Kubo began to play in the [Kyoto Sanga FC](/wiki/Kyoto_Sanga_FC \"Kyoto Sanga FC\") U\\-18 team while he was still a high school student. In August 2010, he was promoted to the first\\-team at the age of sixteen.\n\nIn the 2011–12 season, he mainly played for the first\\-team scoring 13 goals in 33 matches. He was a key player in the Kyoto Sanga FC team which reached the [2011 Emperor's Cup](/wiki/2011_Emperor%27s_Cup \"2011 Emperor's Cup\") final scoring in extra time of the semi\\-final against [Yokohama Marinos](/wiki/Yokohama_Marinos \"Yokohama Marinos\"), breaking the 2–2 deadlock in a match which Sanga would go on to win 4–2\\. He also scored in the final against [FC Tokyo](/wiki/FC_Tokyo \"FC Tokyo\"), coming off the bench as he did in the semi\\-final. His goal was in vain this time however, as FC Tokyo won the match 2–4\\.\n\nIn the 2012–13 season, Kyoto Sanga announced an update to Kubo's contract improving it to pay him as a first team member.\n\n",
"### Europe\n\nOn 18 June 2013, Kyoto Sanga announced Kubo's transfer to Swiss club [BSC Young Boys](/wiki/BSC_Young_Boys \"BSC Young Boys\"). He made his [Swiss Super League](/wiki/Swiss_Super_League \"Swiss Super League\") debut on 13 July playing 19 minutes in a 2–0 win against FC Sion at the season opener. On 28 July 2013, he scored two goals and made one assist coming off the bench against FC Thun in a 3–2 win. It was his first goal in his third game in the Swiss Super League.\n\nOn 25 January 2017, Kubo was acquired by Belgian club [K.A.A. Gent](/wiki/K.A.A._Gent \"K.A.A. Gent\") for a transfer fee of €3\\.5 million. He started in all seven remaining games of the regular season, having an immediate impact by scoring five goals.\n\nIn August 2018, Kubo joined [Bundesliga](/wiki/Bundesliga \"Bundesliga\") side [1\\. FC Nürnberg](/wiki/1._FC_N%C3%BCrnberg \"1. FC Nürnberg\") on loan for the 2018–19 season. While his Gent contract was also extended, Nürnberg secured an option to sign him permanently.\n\n",
"### United States\n\nOn 9 January 2020, Kubo joined [MLS](/wiki/MLS \"MLS\") side [FC Cincinnati](/wiki/FC_Cincinnati \"FC Cincinnati\") as a [designated player](/wiki/Designated_Player_Rule \"Designated Player Rule\"). On 1 March 2020, he made his FC Cincinnati debut against the [New York Red Bulls](/wiki/New_York_Red_Bulls \"New York Red Bulls\").\n\n",
"National team\n-------------\n\nKubo has been involved in the [Japan National Team](/wiki/Japan_national_football_team \"Japan national football team\") from U\\-16 to U\\-23 level. He received his first call up to the senior team for the Kirin Challenge Cup, a friendly match against [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland_national_football_team \"Iceland national football team\") in February 2012, however he did not feature during the 90 minutes.\nOn 11 November 2016, he made his full international debut for [Japan](/wiki/Japan_national_football_team \"Japan national football team\") against [Oman](/wiki/Oman_national_football_team \"Oman national football team\") in the Kirin Challenge Cup 2016\\.\nOn 23 March 2017, he scored one goal and gave one assist in 0–2 win over [UAE](/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_national_football_team \"United Arab Emirates national football team\") in [2018 FIFA World Cup qualification](/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_AFC_third_round \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round\"). It was his first goal in his third game for [Japan](/wiki/Japan_national_football_team \"Japan national football team\").\nOn 28 March 2017, he scored one goal and added two assists in a 4–0 victory over [Thailand](/wiki/Thailand_national_football_team \"Thailand national football team\") in [2018 FIFA World Cup qualification](/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_AFC_third_round \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round\").\n\n",
"Career statistics\n-----------------\n\n### Club\n\n.Nippon Sports Kikaku Publishing inc./日本スポーツ企画出版社, [\"J1\\&J2選手名鑑 2013 (NSK MOOK)\"](https://www.amazon.co.jp/J1-J2%E9%81%B8%E6%89%8B%E5%90%8D%E9%91%91-2013-NSK-MOOK/dp/4905411106) , 14 February 2013, Japan, (p. 181 out of 266\\)\n\n|Club\n\nSeason\n\nLeague\n\nNational Cup\n\n League Cup | |\n Continental | |\n Other | |\n Total | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | – | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |\n|[Kyoto Sanga](/wiki/Kyoto_Sanga_FC \"Kyoto Sanga FC\")\n\n [2011](/wiki/2011_J.League_Division_2 \"2011 J.League Division 2\") |\n[J2 League](/wiki/J2_League \"J2 League\")\n\n 30 | 10 | 3 | 2 | – | | – | | – | | 33 | 12 |\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_J.League_Division_2 \"2012 J.League Division 2\") | 20 | 1 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 20 | 1 |\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_J.League_Division_2 \"2013 J.League Division 2\") | 16 | 7 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 16 | 7 |\n|Total\n\n 66 | 18 | 3 | 2 | – | | – | | – | | 69 | 20 |\n|[Young Boys](/wiki/BSC_Young_Boys \"BSC Young Boys\")\n\n [2013–14](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_Swiss_Super_League \"2013–14 Swiss Super League\") |\n[Swiss Super League](/wiki/Swiss_Super_League \"Swiss Super League\")\n\n 34 | 7 | 2 | 1 | – | | – | | – | | 36 | 8 |\n| [2014–15](/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Swiss_Super_League \"2014–15 Swiss Super League\") | 27 | 5 | 1 | 0 | – | | 10 | 2 | – | | 38 | 7 |\n| [2015–16](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Swiss_Super_League \"2015–16 Swiss Super League\") | 29 | 9 | 2 | 0 | – | | 4 | 0 | – | | 35 | 9 |\n| [2016–17](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Swiss_Super_League \"2016–17 Swiss Super League\") | 14 | 5 | 2 | 4 | – | | 8 | 2 | – | | 24 | 11 |\n|Total\n\n 104 | 26 | 7 | 5 | – | | 22 | 4 | – | | 133 | 35 |\n|[Gent](/wiki/K.A.A._Gent \"K.A.A. Gent\")\n\n [2016–17](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Belgian_Pro_League \"2016–17 Belgian Pro League\") |\n[Belgian Pro League](/wiki/Belgian_Pro_League \"Belgian Pro League\")\n\n 17 | 11 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 17 | 11 |\n| [2017–18](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Belgian_First_Division_A \"2017–18 Belgian First Division A\") | 37 | 11 | 3 | 0 | – | | 2 | 0 | – | | 42 | 11 |\n| [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Belgian_First_Division_A \"2018–19 Belgian First Division A\") | 2 | 0 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 2 | 0 |\n| [2019–20](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Belgian_First_Division_A \"2019–20 Belgian First Division A\") | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | – | | 5 | 2 | – | | 12 | 3 |\n|Total\n\n 62 | 22 | 4 | 1 | – | | 7 | 2 | – | | 73 | 25 |\n| [1\\. FC Nürnberg](/wiki/1._FC_N%C3%BCrnberg \"1. FC Nürnberg\") (loan) | [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Bundesliga \"2018–19 Bundesliga\") | [Bundesliga](/wiki/Bundesliga \"Bundesliga\") | 22 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | | – | | – | | 23 | 1 |\n| **Total** | | **22** | **1** | **1** | **0** | – | | – | | – | | **23** | **1** |\n| [FC Cincinnati](/wiki/FC_Cincinnati \"FC Cincinnati\") | [2020](/wiki/2020_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2020 FC Cincinnati season\") | [Major League Soccer](/wiki/Major_League_Soccer \"Major League Soccer\") | 19 | 3 | – | | – | | – | | 1 | 0 | 20 | 3 |\n| [2021](/wiki/2021_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2021 FC Cincinnati season\") | 29 | 0 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 29 | 0 |\n| [2022](/wiki/2022_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2022 FC Cincinnati season\") | 28 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | – | | 1 | 0 | 31 | 2 |\n| [2023](/wiki/2023_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2023 FC Cincinnati season\") | 25 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | – | | 4 | 0 | 37 | 2 |\n| [2024](/wiki/2024_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2024 FC Cincinnati season\") | 27 | 10 | – | | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | – | | 34 | 11 |\n| Total | | 129 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 152 | 18 |\n| Career total | | | 383 | 81 | 21 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 32 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 450 | 99 |\n\n### International\n\n|[Japan national team](/wiki/Japan_national_football_team \"Japan national football team\")\n\n| |\n| Year | Apps | Goals |\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_Japan_national_football_team \"2016 Japan national football team\") | 2 | 0 |\n| [2017](/wiki/2017_Japan_national_football_team \"2017 Japan national football team\") | 9 | 2 |\n| [2018](/wiki/2018_Japan_national_football_team \"2018 Japan national football team\") | 2 | 0 |\n| Total | 13 | 2 |\n\n### International goals\n\n*Scores and results list Japan's goal tally first.*\n\n| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1\\. | 23 March 2017 | [Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium](/wiki/Hazza_Bin_Zayed_Stadium \"Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium\"), [Al Ain](/wiki/Al_Ain \"Al Ain\"), United Arab Emirates | | **1**–0 | 2–0 | [2018 FIFA World Cup qualification](/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_AFC_third_round \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round\") |\n| 2\\. | 28 March 2017 | [Saitama Stadium](/wiki/Saitama_Stadium \"Saitama Stadium\"), [Saitama](/wiki/Saitama_%28city%29 \"Saitama (city)\"), Japan | | **3**–0 | 4–0 | [2018 FIFA World Cup qualification](/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_AFC_third_round \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round\") |\n\n",
"### Club\n\n.Nippon Sports Kikaku Publishing inc./日本スポーツ企画出版社, [\"J1\\&J2選手名鑑 2013 (NSK MOOK)\"](https://www.amazon.co.jp/J1-J2%E9%81%B8%E6%89%8B%E5%90%8D%E9%91%91-2013-NSK-MOOK/dp/4905411106) , 14 February 2013, Japan, (p. 181 out of 266\\)\n\n|Club\n\nSeason\n\nLeague\n\nNational Cup\n\n League Cup | |\n Continental | |\n Other | |\n Total | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | – | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |\n|[Kyoto Sanga](/wiki/Kyoto_Sanga_FC \"Kyoto Sanga FC\")\n\n [2011](/wiki/2011_J.League_Division_2 \"2011 J.League Division 2\") |\n[J2 League](/wiki/J2_League \"J2 League\")\n\n 30 | 10 | 3 | 2 | – | | – | | – | | 33 | 12 |\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_J.League_Division_2 \"2012 J.League Division 2\") | 20 | 1 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 20 | 1 |\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_J.League_Division_2 \"2013 J.League Division 2\") | 16 | 7 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 16 | 7 |\n|Total\n\n 66 | 18 | 3 | 2 | – | | – | | – | | 69 | 20 |\n|[Young Boys](/wiki/BSC_Young_Boys \"BSC Young Boys\")\n\n [2013–14](/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_Swiss_Super_League \"2013–14 Swiss Super League\") |\n[Swiss Super League](/wiki/Swiss_Super_League \"Swiss Super League\")\n\n 34 | 7 | 2 | 1 | – | | – | | – | | 36 | 8 |\n| [2014–15](/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Swiss_Super_League \"2014–15 Swiss Super League\") | 27 | 5 | 1 | 0 | – | | 10 | 2 | – | | 38 | 7 |\n| [2015–16](/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Swiss_Super_League \"2015–16 Swiss Super League\") | 29 | 9 | 2 | 0 | – | | 4 | 0 | – | | 35 | 9 |\n| [2016–17](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Swiss_Super_League \"2016–17 Swiss Super League\") | 14 | 5 | 2 | 4 | – | | 8 | 2 | – | | 24 | 11 |\n|Total\n\n 104 | 26 | 7 | 5 | – | | 22 | 4 | – | | 133 | 35 |\n|[Gent](/wiki/K.A.A._Gent \"K.A.A. Gent\")\n\n [2016–17](/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Belgian_Pro_League \"2016–17 Belgian Pro League\") |\n[Belgian Pro League](/wiki/Belgian_Pro_League \"Belgian Pro League\")\n\n 17 | 11 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 17 | 11 |\n| [2017–18](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Belgian_First_Division_A \"2017–18 Belgian First Division A\") | 37 | 11 | 3 | 0 | – | | 2 | 0 | – | | 42 | 11 |\n| [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Belgian_First_Division_A \"2018–19 Belgian First Division A\") | 2 | 0 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 2 | 0 |\n| [2019–20](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Belgian_First_Division_A \"2019–20 Belgian First Division A\") | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | – | | 5 | 2 | – | | 12 | 3 |\n|Total\n\n 62 | 22 | 4 | 1 | – | | 7 | 2 | – | | 73 | 25 |\n| [1\\. FC Nürnberg](/wiki/1._FC_N%C3%BCrnberg \"1. FC Nürnberg\") (loan) | [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Bundesliga \"2018–19 Bundesliga\") | [Bundesliga](/wiki/Bundesliga \"Bundesliga\") | 22 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | | – | | – | | 23 | 1 |\n| **Total** | | **22** | **1** | **1** | **0** | – | | – | | – | | **23** | **1** |\n| [FC Cincinnati](/wiki/FC_Cincinnati \"FC Cincinnati\") | [2020](/wiki/2020_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2020 FC Cincinnati season\") | [Major League Soccer](/wiki/Major_League_Soccer \"Major League Soccer\") | 19 | 3 | – | | – | | – | | 1 | 0 | 20 | 3 |\n| [2021](/wiki/2021_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2021 FC Cincinnati season\") | 29 | 0 | – | | – | | – | | – | | 29 | 0 |\n| [2022](/wiki/2022_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2022 FC Cincinnati season\") | 28 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | – | | 1 | 0 | 31 | 2 |\n| [2023](/wiki/2023_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2023 FC Cincinnati season\") | 25 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | – | | 4 | 0 | 37 | 2 |\n| [2024](/wiki/2024_FC_Cincinnati_season \"2024 FC Cincinnati season\") | 27 | 10 | – | | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | – | | 34 | 11 |\n| Total | | 129 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 152 | 18 |\n| Career total | | | 383 | 81 | 21 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 32 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 450 | 99 |\n\n",
"### International\n\n|[Japan national team](/wiki/Japan_national_football_team \"Japan national football team\")\n\n| |\n| Year | Apps | Goals |\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_Japan_national_football_team \"2016 Japan national football team\") | 2 | 0 |\n| [2017](/wiki/2017_Japan_national_football_team \"2017 Japan national football team\") | 9 | 2 |\n| [2018](/wiki/2018_Japan_national_football_team \"2018 Japan national football team\") | 2 | 0 |\n| Total | 13 | 2 |\n\n",
"### International goals\n\n*Scores and results list Japan's goal tally first.*\n\n| No | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1\\. | 23 March 2017 | [Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium](/wiki/Hazza_Bin_Zayed_Stadium \"Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium\"), [Al Ain](/wiki/Al_Ain \"Al Ain\"), United Arab Emirates | | **1**–0 | 2–0 | [2018 FIFA World Cup qualification](/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_AFC_third_round \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round\") |\n| 2\\. | 28 March 2017 | [Saitama Stadium](/wiki/Saitama_Stadium \"Saitama Stadium\"), [Saitama](/wiki/Saitama_%28city%29 \"Saitama (city)\"), Japan | | **3**–0 | 4–0 | [2018 FIFA World Cup qualification](/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_AFC_third_round \"2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC third round\") |\n\n",
"Honours\n-------\n\n**Kyoto Sanga FC**\n* [Emperor's Cup](/wiki/Emperor%27s_Cup \"Emperor's Cup\") Runner\\-up : [2011](/wiki/2011_Emperor%27s_Cup \"2011 Emperor's Cup\")\n\n**Japan U\\-23**\n* [AFC U\\-23 Championship](/wiki/AFC_U-23_Championship \"AFC U-23 Championship\") Champions: [2016](/wiki/2016_AFC_U-23_Championship \"2016 AFC U-23 Championship\")\n\n**FC Cincinnati**\n* [Supporters' Shield](/wiki/Supporters%27_Shield \"Supporters' Shield\"): [2023](/wiki/2023_Major_League_Soccer_season \"2023 Major League Soccer season\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* at [BSC Young Boys](/wiki/BSC_Young_Boys \"BSC Young Boys\") Official Website \n\n[Category:1993 births](/wiki/Category:1993_births \"1993 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Association football people from Yamaguchi Prefecture](/wiki/Category:Association_football_people_from_Yamaguchi_Prefecture \"Association football people from Yamaguchi Prefecture\")\n[Category:Men's association football forwards](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_forwards \"Men's association football forwards\")\n[Category:Japanese men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Japanese_men%27s_footballers \"Japanese men's footballers\")\n[Category:Japan men's youth international footballers](/wiki/Category:Japan_men%27s_youth_international_footballers \"Japan men's youth international footballers\")\n[Category:Japan men's international footballers](/wiki/Category:Japan_men%27s_international_footballers \"Japan men's international footballers\")\n[Category:J2 League players](/wiki/Category:J2_League_players \"J2 League players\")\n[Category:Swiss Super League players](/wiki/Category:Swiss_Super_League_players \"Swiss Super League players\")\n[Category:Belgian Pro League players](/wiki/Category:Belgian_Pro_League_players \"Belgian Pro League players\")\n[Category:Kyoto Sanga FC players](/wiki/Category:Kyoto_Sanga_FC_players \"Kyoto Sanga FC players\")\n[Category:BSC Young Boys players](/wiki/Category:BSC_Young_Boys_players \"BSC Young Boys players\")\n[Category:K.A.A. Gent players](/wiki/Category:K.A.A._Gent_players \"K.A.A. Gent players\")\n[Category:1\\. FC Nürnberg players](/wiki/Category:1._FC_N%C3%BCrnberg_players \"1. FC Nürnberg players\")\n[Category:FC Cincinnati players](/wiki/Category:FC_Cincinnati_players \"FC Cincinnati players\")\n[Category:Japanese expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Japanese_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"Japanese expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland](/wiki/Category:Japanese_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Switzerland \"Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland\")\n[Category:Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Belgium](/wiki/Category:Japanese_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Belgium \"Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Belgium\")\n[Category:Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Germany](/wiki/Category:Japanese_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Germany \"Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Germany\")\n[Category:Japanese expatriate sportspeople in the United States](/wiki/Category:Japanese_expatriate_sportspeople_in_the_United_States \"Japanese expatriate sportspeople in the United States\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Switzerland \"Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Belgium \"Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Germany](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Germany \"Expatriate men's footballers in Germany\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_soccer_players_in_the_United_States \"Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States\")\n[Category:Bundesliga players](/wiki/Category:Bundesliga_players \"Bundesliga players\")\n[Category:Designated Players (MLS)](/wiki/Category:Designated_Players_%28MLS%29 \"Designated Players (MLS)\")\n[Category:Major League Soccer players](/wiki/Category:Major_League_Soccer_players \"Major League Soccer players\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Sulari Gentill
|
{
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"name": [
"218.214.93.250"
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cg5vy3pzr8itgyjrxp51xgdjqjnf3sk
|
2024-10-16T09:45:29Z
| 1,251,474,469 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life",
"Education",
"Career",
"Bibliography",
"Rowland Sinclair series",
"The Hero Trilogy",
"Stand-alone novels",
"Personal life",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
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"content": [
"\n\n**Sulari Gentill** is a Sri Lankan\\-born Australian author, also known under the pen name of **S.D. Gentill**. She is short, and initially studied [astrophysics](/wiki/Astrophysics \"Astrophysics\") before becoming a corporate [lawyer](/wiki/Lawyer \"Lawyer\"), but has since become a writer of mystery and fantasy fiction. \n\nHer novel *Crossing The Lines* won the 2018 Ned Kelly Award for Best Fiction. *Crossing the Lines* was published as *After She Wrote Him* in Northern America. Gentill's *A Few Right Thinking Men* was nominated for a 2011 Commonwealth Writers Prize.\n\n",
"Early life\n----------\n\nGentill was born in [Sri Lanka](/wiki/Sri_Lanka \"Sri Lanka\"). She was raised in [Zambia](/wiki/Zambia \"Zambia\") and [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane \"Brisbane\"), Australia.\n\n",
"Education\n---------\n\nGentill started studying astrophysics, but ended up graduating in law.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nGentill was a corporate lawyer.\n\nGentill abandoned her legal career to write books instead of contracts. When the mood takes her, she paints, although she maintains that she does so only well enough to know that she should write.\n\nShe grows French black truffles on her farm in the foothills of the Snowy Mountains of NSW, which she shares with her young family and several animals.\n\nSulari is author of award\\-winning **Rowland Sinclair Mysteries**, a series of historical crime fiction novels set in the 1930s about Rowland Sinclair, the gentleman artist\\-cum\\-amateur\\-detective. The first in the series, *A Few Right Thinking Men* was shortlisted for Commonwealth Writers' Prize Best First Book. *A Decline in Prophets*, the second in the series, won the Davitt Award for Best Adult Crime Fiction. *Miles Off Course* was released in early 2012, *Paving the New Road* was released in late 2012 and was shortlisted for the [Davitt Award](/wiki/Davitt_Award \"Davitt Award\") for best crime fiction 2013\\. *Gentlemen Formerly Dressed* was released in November 2013\\. *All the Tears in China*, the latest in the series, will be released early in 2019\\.\n\nUnder the name S.D. Gentill, Sulari also writes a fantasy adventure series called **The Hero Trilogy**. All three books in the trilogy, *Chasing Odysseus*, *Trying War* and *The Blood of Wolves* are out now, and available in paperback, in a trilogy pack, and as eBooks.\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n### Rowland Sinclair series\n\n1. *A Few Right Thinking Men* (2010\\)\n2. *A Decline in Prophets* (2011\\)\n3. *Miles Off Course* (2012\\)\n4. *Paving the New Road* (2012\\)\n5. *Gentlemen Formerly Dressed* (2013\\)\n6. *A Murder Unmentioned: Rowland Sinclair* (2014\\)\n7. *Give the Devil His Due* (2015\\)\n8. *A Dangerous Language* (2017\\)\n9. *All the Tears in China* (2019\\)\n10. *A Testament of Character* (2020\\)\n\nAudio versions of The Rowland Sinclair Series are narrated by [Rupert Degas](/wiki/Rupert_Degas \"Rupert Degas\").\n\n### The Hero Trilogy\n\n1. *Chasing Odysseus* (2011\\)\n2. *Trying War* (2012\\)\n3. *The Blood of Wolves* (2012\\)\n\n### Stand\\-alone novels\n\n* *[Crossing the Lines](/wiki/Crossing_the_Lines_%28Gentill_novel%29 \"Crossing the Lines (Gentill novel)\")* (2017\\) Poisoned Pen Press, (aka *After She Wrote Him* (2020\\))\n* *The Woman in the Library* (2022\\) Poisoned Pen Press\n",
"### Rowland Sinclair series\n\n1. *A Few Right Thinking Men* (2010\\)\n2. *A Decline in Prophets* (2011\\)\n3. *Miles Off Course* (2012\\)\n4. *Paving the New Road* (2012\\)\n5. *Gentlemen Formerly Dressed* (2013\\)\n6. *A Murder Unmentioned: Rowland Sinclair* (2014\\)\n7. *Give the Devil His Due* (2015\\)\n8. *A Dangerous Language* (2017\\)\n9. *All the Tears in China* (2019\\)\n10. *A Testament of Character* (2020\\)\n\nAudio versions of The Rowland Sinclair Series are narrated by [Rupert Degas](/wiki/Rupert_Degas \"Rupert Degas\").\n\n",
"### The Hero Trilogy\n\n1. *Chasing Odysseus* (2011\\)\n2. *Trying War* (2012\\)\n3. *The Blood of Wolves* (2012\\)\n",
"### Stand\\-alone novels\n\n* *[Crossing the Lines](/wiki/Crossing_the_Lines_%28Gentill_novel%29 \"Crossing the Lines (Gentill novel)\")* (2017\\) Poisoned Pen Press, (aka *After She Wrote Him* (2020\\))\n* *The Woman in the Library* (2022\\) Poisoned Pen Press\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nGentill's husband is Michael. They have two children, Edmund and Atticus Blenkins.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Ned Kelly Awards](/wiki/Ned_Kelly_Awards \"Ned Kelly Awards\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website](http://sularigentill.com/)\n* [Sulari Gentill — the story of the story behind 'A Decline in Prophets'](http://blogs.abc.net.au/canberra/2011/07/sulari-gentill-the-story-of-the-story-behind-a-decline-in-prophets-.html) on ABC Canberra\n\n[Category:21st\\-century Australian women writers](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Australian_women_writers \"21st-century Australian women writers\")\n[Category:Australian women novelists](/wiki/Category:Australian_women_novelists \"Australian women novelists\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Pseudonymous women writers](/wiki/Category:Pseudonymous_women_writers \"Pseudonymous women writers\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Australian novelists](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Australian_novelists \"21st-century Australian novelists\")\n[Category:Sri Lankan emigrants to Australia](/wiki/Category:Sri_Lankan_emigrants_to_Australia \"Sri Lankan emigrants to Australia\")\n[Category:21st\\-century pseudonymous writers](/wiki/Category:21st-century_pseudonymous_writers \"21st-century pseudonymous writers\")\n[Category:Women mystery writers](/wiki/Category:Women_mystery_writers \"Women mystery writers\")\n[Category:Detective fiction writers](/wiki/Category:Detective_fiction_writers \"Detective fiction writers\")\n[Category:Australian crime fiction writers](/wiki/Category:Australian_crime_fiction_writers \"Australian crime fiction writers\")\n[Category:Australian crime writers](/wiki/Category:Australian_crime_writers \"Australian crime writers\")\n[Category:Australian mystery writers](/wiki/Category:Australian_mystery_writers \"Australian mystery writers\")\n\n"
]
}
|
Kongkong River
|
{
"id": [
47103127
],
"name": [
"Prone to fails"
]
}
|
i7n9316woas5tni0g6jy0fb2shjt1fj
|
2024-04-22T08:24:05Z
| 1,079,989,436 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThe **Kongkong River**, also spelled **Kong Kong**, is a stream in the [South Sudanese](/wiki/South_Sudan \"South Sudan\") state of [Jonglei](/wiki/Jonglei \"Jonglei\"), west of [Boma National Park](/wiki/Boma_National_Park \"Boma National Park\") near the [Ethiopian](/wiki/Ethiopia \"Ethiopia\") border. At the village of [Bongak](/wiki/Bongak \"Bongak\") it joins the [Abara River](/wiki/Abara_River \"Abara River\") to form the [Agwei](/wiki/Agwei_River \"Agwei River\") or Agvey River, a tributary of the [Pibor River](/wiki/Pibor_River \"Pibor River\"). The Kongkong is within the [drainage basin](/wiki/Drainage_basin \"Drainage basin\") of the [White Nile](/wiki/White_Nile \"White Nile\").\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Map of Jonglei](https://web.archive.org/web/20110929152905/http://www.cde.unibe.ch/sudan/maps/south/statemaps/jonglei_highweb.JPG)\n* [Kongkong River](http://www.getamap.net/maps/sudan/%28su26%29/_kongkong_river/)\n\n[Category:Rivers of South Sudan](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_South_Sudan \"Rivers of South Sudan\")\n[Category:Jonglei State](/wiki/Category:Jonglei_State \"Jonglei State\")\n[Category:Greater Upper Nile](/wiki/Category:Greater_Upper_Nile \"Greater Upper Nile\")\n[Category:Nile basin](/wiki/Category:Nile_basin \"Nile basin\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
Aleksi Elorinne
|
{
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
}
|
7oau3emuilvid0ui6miv2culghj0m5u
|
2024-09-18T12:28:31Z
| 1,158,925,778 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Aleksi Elorinne** (born 3 February 1990\\) is a [Finnish](/wiki/Finland \"Finland\") professional [ice hockey](/wiki/Ice_hockey \"Ice hockey\") player who is currently playing with [Dragons de Rouen](/wiki/Dragons_de_Rouen \"Dragons de Rouen\") in the [Ligue Magnus](/wiki/Ligue_Magnus \"Ligue Magnus\") (FRA). He has formerly played with [Tappara](/wiki/Tappara \"Tappara\") and [Ilves](/wiki/Ilves \"Ilves\") in the Finnish [Liiga](/wiki/Liiga \"Liiga\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1990 births](/wiki/Category:1990_births \"1990 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Dragons de Rouen players](/wiki/Category:Dragons_de_Rouen_players \"Dragons de Rouen players\")\n[Category:Finnish ice hockey defencemen](/wiki/Category:Finnish_ice_hockey_defencemen \"Finnish ice hockey defencemen\")\n[Category:Ilves players](/wiki/Category:Ilves_players \"Ilves players\")\n[Category:Tappara players](/wiki/Category:Tappara_players \"Tappara players\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Joensuu](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Joensuu \"Sportspeople from Joensuu\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Finnish people](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Finnish_people \"21st-century Finnish people\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
1999–2000 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship
|
{
"id": [
1152308
],
"name": [
"ShelfSkewed"
]
}
|
76onwriirff39odgqxeg1ajhetcnrym
|
2024-09-06T22:03:10Z
| 1,244,353,418 | 0 |
{
"title": [
"Introduction",
"First round",
"Final round",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **1999–2000 Kazakhstan Hockey Championship** was the eighth season of the [Kazakhstan Hockey Championship](/wiki/Kazakhstan_Hockey_Championship \"Kazakhstan Hockey Championship\"), the top level of ice hockey in [Kazakhstan](/wiki/Kazakhstan \"Kazakhstan\"). Nine teams participated in the league, and [Torpedo Ust\\-Kamenogorsk](/wiki/Torpedo_Ust-Kamenogorsk \"Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk\") won the championship.\n\n",
"First round\n-----------\n\n| | GP | W | T | L | GF:GA | Pts |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [Bulat Temirtau](/wiki/Bulat_Temirtau \"Bulat Temirtau\") | 17 | 16 | 0 | 1 | 191:71 | 32:2 |\n| [Barys Astana](/wiki/Barys_Astana \"Barys Astana\") | 17 | 11 | 0 | 6 | 160:107 | 22:12 |\n| [Yenbek Almaty](/wiki/Yenbek_Almaty \"Yenbek Almaty\") | 17 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 136:110 | 19:15 |\n| [Avangard Petropavlovsk](/wiki/Avangard_Petropavlovsk \"Avangard Petropavlovsk\") | 17 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 113:113 | 19:15 |\n| [Avtomobilist Karagandy](/wiki/Avtomobilist_Karagandy \"Avtomobilist Karagandy\") | 12 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 69:80 | 10:14 |\n| [Amid Rudny](/wiki/Amid_Rudny \"Amid Rudny\") | 12 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 74:87 | 10:14 |\n| [Magnitka Temirtau](/wiki/Magnitka_Temirtau \"Magnitka Temirtau\") | 17 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 71:191 | 4:30 |\n| [Yunost Karagandy](/wiki/Yunost_Karagandy \"Yunost Karagandy\") | 7 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 14:69 | 0:14 |\n\n",
"Final round\n-----------\n\n| | GP | W | T | L | GF:GA | Pts |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [Torpedo Ust\\-Kamenogorsk](/wiki/Torpedo_Ust-Kamenogorsk \"Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk\") | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 23:7 | 6:0 |\n| [Barys Astana](/wiki/Barys_Astana \"Barys Astana\") | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 13:18 | 4:2 |\n| [Bulat Temirtau](/wiki/Bulat_Temirtau \"Bulat Temirtau\") | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7:10 | 2:4 |\n| [Yenbek Almaty](/wiki/Yenbek_Almaty \"Yenbek Almaty\") | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8:16 | 0:6 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* [Kazakh Ice Hockey Federation](http://icehockey.kz/)\n\n[Kazakhstan Hockey Championship](/wiki/Category:1999%E2%80%932000_in_European_ice_hockey_leagues \"1999–2000 in European ice hockey leagues\")\n[Category:Kazakhstan Hockey Championship seasons](/wiki/Category:Kazakhstan_Hockey_Championship_seasons \"Kazakhstan Hockey Championship seasons\")\n[Kaz](/wiki/Category:1999%E2%80%932000_in_Asian_ice_hockey \"1999–2000 in Asian ice hockey\")\n\n \n\n"
]
}
|
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