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{
"caption": "Whole mounts (A) and histologic sections of the abdominal inguinal mammary gland chains (B, C) from female rats treated in utero with 25 BPA and exposed after puberty to the subcarcinogenic dose of NMU. Abbreviations: LN, lymph nodes; M, muscle. Whole mounts (A) show gross lesions. H&E-stained lesions are classified as ductal carcinoma in situ of the cribriform (B) and mixed (C; cribriform and papillar) types. Bar = 70 μm (B, C).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1797838-1-ehp0115-000080f5.jpg"
} | 000500 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Representative photomicrographs of mammary glands from adult females (PND110) exposed in utero to vehicle (control; A, C, E) or 25 BPA (B, D, F, G, H). Tissue sections were either stained with H&E (A–D) or immunostained to identify mast cells (E–F), myoepithelial cells (G), or epithelial phenotype (H). Differences between normal ducts in control (A) and hyperplastic ducts (B) in BPA-treated animals are shown. The adipose tissue of the control mammary gland (C) consists of mainly fat cells, with few fibroblasts or blood vessels. Treatment with 25 BPA (D) promoted a significant increase of nuclear density in the stromal compartment. After BPA treatment, we found an increase in the volume density of mast cells (arrows) surrounding the hyperplastic duct (F) compared with few mast cells observed near the normal duct (E). The insets in (E) and (F) show mast cells at higher magnification. (G) and (H) show a higher magnification of a hyperplastic duct from a BPA-treated mammary gland; the epithelial phenotype of the cells layers within the hyperplastic ducts was confirmed by the positive CK8 immunostaining (H), whereas myoepithelial cells were labelled with p63 (G). Bars = 75 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1797838-4-ehp0115-000080f4.jpg"
} | 000501 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Pathologic findings of toxic hepatitis cases. (A) PAS-stained liver from case 5 showing spotty necrosis of hepatocytes and clumped Kupffer cells containing PAS-positive material (arrows); these find-ings are compatible with the remission stage of acute hepatitis and with toxic hepatitis (magnification, 400×). (B) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained liver from case 1 showing portal tracts that are slightly enlarged and infiltrated with inflammatory cells (magnification, 400×). (C) H&E-stained liver from case 5 showing central to portal bridging necrosis (magnification, 200×). (D) Masson trichrome staining of liver from case 4 showing wide periportal necrosis extending into the portal-to-portal area, with regenerative nodules present (magnification, 100×).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1797842-2-ehp0115-000107f3.jpg"
} | 000502 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Samples and Histology of the Patient Shown in Figure 1\n(A) HA particles stained with methylene blue immediately after seeding of the MSCs, showing cell distribution.(B) Idem stained with trypan blue after one week of culturing, showing cell vitality.(C) Histology six weeks after subcutaneous implantation in mice, showing in vivo bone formation (white arrow) in contact with HA particle (black arrow).(D) Histology after four months of implantation in the upper left tooth region, showing bone formation (white arrow) induced by the implanted cells in contact with the HA (black arrow).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800310-0-pmedp0040009pg002.jpg"
} | 000503 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Alveolar Defect and Reconstruction with Tissue EngineeringPatient (male, 20 years) has lost his upper left incisor during an accident. The alveolar defect was reconstructed with tissue engineering techniques.(A) Radiograph of the significant alveolar defect as a result of the accident.(B) Radiograph of the defect reconstructed with ceramic scaffold (HA) covered with cultured MSCs (white arrow).(C) Radiograph; four months later a dental implant was installed.(D) Intra-oral view; arrow points to the crown, which was fixated on the implant.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800310-1-pmedp0040009pg001.jpg"
} | 000504 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Differential responses to actively and passively learned melodies.Increased BOLD effect in response to the actively learned melodies compared with the passively learned melodies was located in the left anterior insula, extending to the deep fronto-opercular cortex (p<0.005, k>100, Z-score>3.0, slices are at x = −39 and y = 9).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800344-1-ponep0000259pg003.jpg"
} | 000505 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "FGF2-induced corneal neovascularization and VEGF-induced vascular permeability are inhibited in PPARα KO mice. (A) FGF-2 (20 ng) stimulates corneal neovascularization in WT 129S4/SvJae strain, WT 129S1/SvIMJ strain and obese WT (129S1/SvJae) mice. Soluble murine VEGFR1 completely inhibits FGF2-induced angiogenesis in WT mouse (sVEGFR1). FGF2-induced corneal neovascularization is potently suppressed in PPARα KO mouse (KOS4). Vessel length, clock hours, and area of neovascularization in PPARα WT and KO mice are represented in bar graphs (average±standard deviation). (B) Evans blue dye leakage in dorsal skin and ears after injection with VEGF or saline in PPARα WT and KO mice (n = 6 mice/group). Spectrophotometric analysis of extravasated Evans blue of skin and ear is represented in bar graph (average±standard deviation).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800345-1-ponep0000260pg003.jpg"
} | 000506 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Immunohistological analysis of dormant tumors in PPARα KO mice. The dormant tumors contain viable and proliferating cells, and show decreased microvessel (PECAM1) and increased leukocyte (CD45) staining. (A) Dormant PPARα(−/−)MEF/RS tumors in PPARα KO mice from day 60 post-tumor implantation revealed abundant SV40 large T-antigen staining and proliferation (Ki-67). Dormant PPARα(−/−)MEF/RS tumors on day 60 were implanted as pieces (1 mm3) into PPARα WT and KO mice (3 mice in each group). (B) Immunohistochemical analysis of subcutaneous B16-F10/GFP tumors (H&E, CD45/brown color, PECAM-1/brown color) from day 30 post-implantation in PPARα WT mice and KO mice. Scale bars, 100 µm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800345-4-ponep0000260pg002.jpg"
} | 000507 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Expression of CD44 and MDR1 on uPAR-positive and uPAR-negative cells. (A) FACS analysis of, H211, H69AR and H1417 SCLC cell lines double-labeled with uPAR-FITC and CD44-PE, MDR1-PE. The percentages of cells expressing CD44 and MDR1 were calculated separately for uPAR-positive and uPAR-negative cells. (B) Fluorescent microscopic analysis of double-labeled and FACS-sorted cells. Examples of uPAR-FITC/CD44-PE double-labeling (a,b,c) and uPAR-FITC/MDR1-PE double-labeling (d,e,f). (Bf-inset) H1417 cell line stained with mouse IgG isotype control-PE (red), isotype control-FITC (green) and DAPI (blue).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800348-3-ponep0000243pg005.jpg"
} | 000508 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "reeler-like disruption of hippocampal layers in Pafah1b1 +/−;Apoer2−/− double mutants. Comparable sagittal sections of the hippocampus obtained from adult mice of the indicated genotype were stained with cresyl violet. The hippocampus proper (HP) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of Apoer2+/− mice are normal, whereas a splitting of the pyramidal layers is evident in Pafah1b1+/− and in Apoer2−/− mice. Severe dyslamination of cellular layers is seen in double Pafah1b1+/−;Apoer2−/− (reeler-like). Scale bar = 500 µm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800349-5-ponep0000252pg006.jpg"
} | 000509 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Clinical phenotype and pedigree of Family 1. Family 1: A phenotype demonstrating generalized yellow-brown discoloration of the dentition (A1 patient III-2, A2 patient III-5); B X-ray showing lack of enamel opacity and a pathological loss of enamel (B1 patient III-2, B2 patient III-5); C pedigree of Family 1.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800839-0-1746-160X-3-8-1.jpg"
} | 000510 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Subcellular localization of human and mouse NEAT1 and NEAT2/MALAT-1. (A) Tig1 cells: Human NEAT1 RNA (green) distributes in discrete foci through the nucleus and is not detected in the cytoplasm. (B) Tig1 cells: NEAT1 RNA (red) is transcribed from 2 loci early in G1 (left) and occasionally shows a highly polarized pattern (right). (C) Tig1 cells: NEAT2/MALAT-1 RNA (red) is not detected in the cytoplasm at interphase and concentrates in domains in the nucleus with weaker signal apparent throughout the nucleoplasm. (D) NIH-3T3s: Mouse Neat2/Malat-1 RNA (green) localizes as bright nucleoplasmic signal in some cells and concentrates in domains in others. (E) NEAT1 RNA (red) does not localize to its parent chromosome 11 (green). (F) NEAT2/MALAT-1 RNA (red) rapidly disperses from its site of transcription (Chromosome 11 (green)) and distributes throughout the nucleus. (G) Tig1 cells: NEAT1 RNA (green) and NEAT2/MALAT-1 RNA are associated in the interphase nucleus. (H) MEFs: Mouse Neat1 RNA (red) is exclusively nuclear, and is found in fewer, larger foci than in human cells, yet shows the same peripheral association with Neat2/Malat-1 RNA (green), and neither RNA associates significantly with DAPI dense heterochromatin (blue).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800850-3-1471-2164-8-39-5.jpg"
} | 000511 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Human and mouse NEAT1 and NEAT2/MALAT-1 are intimately associated with SC35 domains. (A) Tig1 cells: NEAT2/MALAT-1 RNA (red) is found in every SC35 domain (green); (B) NIH-3T3s: Neat2/Malat-1 RNA (green) concentrates in domains in about 50% of the population, when it does, it overlaps with SRM-300 speckles (red); (C,D,E) NEAT2/MALAT-1 RNA (green (C)) and a probe to poly(A) (red (D)) overlap (yellow (E)) in domains in the nucleus; (F) Neat1 RNA (red) preferentially localizes to the periphery of SRM-300 domains (green) in mouse cells; (G) NEAT1 RNA (red) preferentially associates at the periphery of SC35 domains (green) in human cells; (H) Two transcription sites of NEAT2/MALAT-1 RNA (red) localize with SC35 domains (green) in early G1 daughter cells; (I) Poly(A) domains (red) are apparently formed prior6=- to the spread of NEAT2/MALAT-1 RNA (green) in early G1.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800850-4-1471-2164-8-39-6.jpg"
} | 000512 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Functional brain responses collected during the four experimental phases are depicted. The brain scans show consistently stronger functional activation for stimuli conditions relative to silent control obtained from the second out three volumes. All functional contrasts are thresholded at T = 3.79, p ≤ 0.001 (uncorrected α-level, k ≥ 10) and superimposed on transverse and sagittal slices of the MNI-T1-weighted standard brain. Tables 1-4 list peak activations (T-values) of distinct activation clusters and anatomical areas. [A] Visual habituation, [B] Auditory habituation, [C] Conditioning phase, [D] Test phase (extinction).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800857-2-1471-2202-8-14-1.jpg"
} | 000513 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Demyelinating lesion of the brainstem at presentation.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800858-0-1471-230X-7-3-1.jpg"
} | 000514 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Resolution of the lesion after treatment with corticosteroids.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800858-1-1471-230X-7-3-2.jpg"
} | 000515 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Abdominal CT scan. Abdominal CT scan demonstrating a left-sided renal tumour (thick arrow) and a polypoidal mass in the wall of the second part of the duodenum (thin arrow) arising from the pancreas (not shown).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800859-0-1471-230X-7-4-1.jpg"
} | 000516 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Abdominal CT scan. CT scan demonstrating the presence of a mass in the area of the pancreatic head and protruding into the duodenum (thick arrow) – note the previous left nephrectomy (thin arrow).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800859-1-1471-230X-7-4-3.jpg"
} | 000517 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Coeliac angiogram. Figure 2A is an angiogram of the coeliac trunk. This demonstrates a highly vascular mass around the duodenum and pancreas and its blood supply from the pancreaticoduodenal arteries. Numerous other small vascular blushes are seen which represent further pancreatic metastases. Figure 2B is taken post- embolisation and demonstrates successful occlusion of the tumour's blood supply.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800859-2-1471-230X-7-4-2.jpg"
} | 000518 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Changes in the appearance of a nucleus during cell mitosis. From (a) to (h) consecutive image subframes form a sequence showing nuclei size and shape changes during cell mitosis.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800869-0-1471-2105-8-32-4.jpg"
} | 000519 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Cell-type specific expression of 17β-HSD12 mRNA in the Macaca fascicularis mammary gland (A-B) and uterus (C-F) revealed by in situ hybridization. (A) Section through the mammary gland of the female Macaca fascicularis. Labeling can be observed in the epithelial cells of alveoli (E) as well as in the stromal cells (S). (B) Control section hybridized with the sense probe. Only a diffuse background is observed. Exposure, 36 days, × 600. (C) Section through the uterus Macaca fascicularis. Labeling can be detected in both epithelial cells (E) and stromal cells (S) of the endometrium. (E) Section through the uterine cervix, labeling can be seen in squamous epithelial cells (E) and stromal cells (S). Control section hybridized with the sense probe (D, F). Diffuse background can be observed (D). Only a few disperse silver grain are present in the uterine cervix (F). Exposure, 27 days, × 600.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800897-1-1471-2091-8-2-5.jpg"
} | 000520 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Photomicrographs illustrating c-Fos-immunopositive nuclei and TrpOH-immunopositive neurons in the mid-rostrocaudal DRVL (−8.18 mm Bregma) of rats exposed to A) CO, B) HA, C) LL, and D) HL conditions. Black boxes indicate regions shown at higher magnification in insets in the lower right hand corner of each panel. Arrowheads indicate examples of c-Fos-immunopositive cells (blue/black nuclear staining); arrows indicate TrpOH-immunopositive (serotonergic) neurons (brown/orange cytoplasmic staining). c-Fos-immunopositive/TrpOH-immunopositive neurons were rarely observed. Abbreviation: bv, blood vessels characteristic of the DRVL region at this rostrocaudal level. Scale bar, 50 μm, inset 25 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1800906-5-nihms-102-0006.jpg"
} | 000521 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "A combination of 225Ac-E4G10 with paclitaxel enhances the anti-tumor response.A, Tumor volume in the four treatment groups over time. Data are mean ± S.E.M. B, Kaplan Meier survival curve of treated animals showing significant enhancement of animal survival when 225Ac-E4G10 therapy is followed by a course of paclitaxel. C, Absence of histopathologic damage in normal organs, assessed 10 days after cessation of 225Ac-E4G10 treatment.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1801076-2-ponep0000267pg005.jpg"
} | 000522 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "225Ac-E4G10 treatment results in a relatively normal remaining tumor vasculature.A, Greater coverage of tumor blood vessels (CD31 positive) by pericytes (α-SMA-positive cells) in 225Ac-E4G10 treated tumor relative to dual control. B, Transmission electron micrographs of blood vessels in dual control and 225Ac-E4G10 treated tumor. The dual control tumor contains extravasated RBC-filled vascular spaces that are not lined with endothelial cells, whereas blood vessels in 225Ac-E4G10 treated tumor display a continuous endothelial lining (arrow) resting on a basement membrane (BM) that is shared with the surrounding pericyte. Scale bar, 50 µm",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1801076-3-ponep0000267pg004.jpg"
} | 000523 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Effect of 225Ac-E4G10 therapy on tumor histology, vascularity and apoptosis.A, Light microscopy depicting numerous RBC-filled vascular spaces (arrows) in dual control tumor and fewer, but relatively normal-looking vessels (arrowheads) in the 225Ac-E4G10 treated tumor. B, Top: Immunohistochemical staining of tumor-sections for vWF, an endothelial cell marker (top). TUNEL staining of tumor sections to detect apoptosis (bottom). Quantification of vWF staining (C) and apoptosis (D) in 4 randomly selected fields. Data are mean ± S.E.M.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1801076-4-ponep0000267pg003.jpg"
} | 000524 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Low concentrations of exogenous TGF-β1 induce morphogenesis of branching tubules. (A) J3B1A cells grown in a collagen gel in defined medium for a total of 10 days. (B) Parallel culture in which J3B1A cells were grown in a collagen gel for 6 days to allow cyst formation and were subsequently treated with 50 pg/ml TGF-β1 for an additional 4 days. TGF-β1 has induced the outgrowth of tube-like structures from the wall of existing cysts. (C) Treatment with 2 ng/ml TGF-β1 has resulted in the formation of numerous thin cell cords extending out into the surrounding collagen matrix. Notably, at this relatively high concentration, TGF-β1 also disrupts the organization of preformed cysts, resulting in lumen obliteration. (D) Higher magnification view of a multicellular structure formed in a culture treated with 20 pg/ml TGF-β1 for 4 days. The outgrowths enclose a patent lumen, which at least in some tubes is continuous with the cavity of the cyst. (E) Semi-thin section of a collagen gel culture of J3B1A cells treated with 50 pg/ml TGF-β1 for 4 days. Bars (A-E), 200 μm. (F) Quantitative analysis of TGF-β1-induced tubulogenesis. J3B1A cells were grown in a collagen gel for 6 days to allow cyst formation and were subsequently treated with different concentrations of TGF-β1. Tube formation was evaluated as described in Materials and Methods after 4 days of treatment. Data were expressed as mean number of outgrowths per colony ± s.e.m. from three separate experiments. p < 0.0005 for values of 20 pg/ml TGF-β1 at 2 days compared with control at 2 days, as well as for values of 100 pg/ml TGF-β1 at 2 days compared with 50 pg/ml TGF-β1 at 2 days; p < 0.0025 for values of 50 pg/ml TGF-β1 at 4 days compared with 2 days; p < 0.01 for values of 50 pg/ml TGF-β1 at 4 days compared with 20 pg/ml TGF-β1 at 4 days; p < 0.025 for values of 50 pg/ml TGF-β1 at 2 days compared with 20 pg/ml TGF-β1 at 2 days, as well as for values of 20 pg/ml TGF-β1 at 4 days compared with 2 days.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1802066-3-1471-213X-7-7-2.jpg"
} | 000525 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "TGF-β is the acid-activated serum factor that induces branching tubulogenesis. J3B1A cells were grown in collagen gels in defined medium for 6 days to allow the formation of cystic structures. The cultures were then left untreated or were incubated with 1% acidified FCS (pH 3) for an additional 48 hours. (A) Under control conditions, J3B1A cells form spheroidal cysts enclosing a wide lumen. (B) Addition of acidified FCS induces the radial outgrowth of tube-like structures from the cyst wall. (C) Co-addition of 5 μM SB-431542, a selective inhibitor of the TGF-β type I receptor, abolishes the tubule-inducing activity of acidified FCS. (D) Pre-incubation of acid-treated FCS with a neutralizing antibody specific for TGF-β1 abrogates the tubulogenic effect of acidified FCS, whereas pre-incubation with a neutralizing antibody to TGF-β2 (E) or with a control antibody that does not react with TGF-βs (F) have no inhibitory effect. Antibodies in D-F were added at a final concentration of 5 μg/ml. Bars, 200 μm. (G) Branching tubulogenesis is suppressed by SB-431542 in a dose-dependent manner. The cultures were treated with the inhibitor two hours before addition of 1% acidified FCS. Data were expressed as mean number of outgrowths per colony ± s.e.m. from three separate experiments and statistical significance was determined using the Student's unpaired t-test. * p < 0.0025 versus values of acidified FCS alone. (H) Dose-response analysis of the effect of increasing concentrations of anti-TGF-β1 antibody. Acidified FCS (1%) was pre-incubated for 60 minutes with the indicated concentrations of the antibody before being added to the cultures. * p < 0.025 versus values of acidified FCS alone. ** p < 0.0005 versus values of acidified FCS alone.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1802066-4-1471-213X-7-7-1.jpg"
} | 000526 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Effect of MMP inhibitors on TGF-β1-induced tubulogenesis. (A-C) The broad spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor BB94 abrogates TGF-β1-induced branching tubulogenesis. J3B1A cells were grown in a collagen gel for 6 days to allow cyst formation and were subsequently treated with 50 pg/ml TGF-β1 for an additional 4 days in the absence (A) or in the presence (B) of BB94 (1 μM; the inhibitor was added two hours before treatment with TGF-β1). Bars, 200 μm. (C) Quantitative analysis of the effect of BB94 on TGF-β1-induced tubulogenesis. J3B1A cells grown in collagen gels for 6 days were treated with TGF-β1 alone (50 pg/ml), co-treated with TGF-β1 and BB94 (30 nM to 3 μM), or co-treated with TGF-β1 and the inactive isomer BB1268 (3 μM) for 4 days. Formation of tubular outgrowths is suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by BB94, but is not significantly decreased by the inactive isomer BB1268. * p < 0.0125 and ** p < 0.0005 compared with cultures incubated with TGF-β1 alone. (D-F) TGF-β1-mediated branching tubulogenesis is suppressed by pre-treatment with 2 μg/ml recombinant TIMP-2 or 5 μM MMP-9 Inhibitor I, but not by pre-treatment with 100 μM CL-82198, a selective inhibitor of MMP-13. Bars, 200 μm. (G) Quantitative analysis of the effect of MMP-9 inhibitor I. J3B1A cells grown in collagen gels for 6 days were treated with TGF-β1 alone (50 pg/ml) or co-treated with TGF-β1 and MMP-9 Inhibitor I (1–5 μM) for 4 days (MMP-9 Inhibitor I was added two hours before treatment with TGF-β1). Formation of tubular outgrowths is abrogated by MMP-9 inhibitor I in a dose-dependent manner. * p < 0.0025 and ** p < 0.0005 compared with cultures incubated with TGF-β1 alone.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1802066-5-1471-213X-7-7-6.jpg"
} | 000527 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Region of interest delineation: a) manual, b) using SABRE.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_102-PMC1802071-0-1471-2385-7-2-1.jpg"
} | 000528 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "APP-BP1 and PS1 molecules were colocalized in primary neurons. Primary neurons were fixed, permeablized, blocked and stained with 9E10 for mycAPP-BP1 and the rabbit anti-PS1 (AB5308). Primary antibodies were coupled to Alexa Fluor 594 and Alexa Fluor 488 goat secondary antibodies. The images presented were obtained under a 40× objective with a Nikon confocal microscope using the EZ-C12.20 scanning program. Independent experiments using DAPI staining along with the above two antibodies did not show nuclear co-localization of APP-BP1 and PS1 (not shown).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802080-3-1750-1326-2-3-2.jpg"
} | 000529 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "The lentiviral LTR transcriptional readthrough assay. The expression level of nlCre, which serves as an index of transcriptional readthrough of the LV LTR, is directly correlated with nlacZ expression in TE26 reporter cells as previously established [5]. The SIN LTR, which contains only the attL sequence of the U3, exhibits a high readthrough rate, while the WT LTR exhibits a low readthrough rate.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802088-4-1742-4690-4-4-1.jpg"
} | 000530 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Fbw7 isoforms interact in cells (2). Cytoplasmic versions of Fbw7α (A) and Fbw7γ (B) lacking their according nuclear localization signals (NLS) were co-expressed with Myc-tagged Fbw7α or the dimerization mutant and cover slips co-stained with Flag and Myc antibodies. All images in are representatives of at least three independent experiments and were also carried out in 293A cells (not shown).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802738-0-1747-1028-2-7-4.jpg"
} | 000531 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Fbw7 isoforms interact in cells (1). A: Homo- and heterodimerization of Fbw7. Differentially tagged Fbw7 isoforms were transfected as indicated and lysates subjected to immunoprecipitations with Flag antibody. B: Fbw7α and Fbw7γ heterodimerize. Identical assay as in A, except 5-fold lower amounts of each isoform were expressed. C: Heterodimerization of Fbw7α and Fbw7γ occurs in cells. U2OS cells grown on cover slips were co-transfected with Flag-Fbw7γ and Myc-tagged versions of either Fbw7α, the Fbw7α dimerization mutant, or Fbw7β. Cover slips were fixed and co-stained with Flag and Myc antibodies.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802738-1-1747-1028-2-7-3.jpg"
} | 000532 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "H&E and LFB staining of brain sections reveal the absence of pathologic autoimmunity. Perfusion-fixed brains were obtained from GL261-bearing mice treated with GAA-vaccine and poly-ICLC on day 90 after the tumor-inoculation. Frozen sections were stained with LFB (B and D). Cryostat sections were also stained with H&E to evaluate the overall infiltration of mononuclear immune cells (A and C). Images were taken from the basal ganglia. The thick bundle strongly stained with LFB indicates internal capsule. All images were obtained from the corresponding visual fields. The original magnifications are × 10 (for A and B), and × 20 (for C and D). There was no evidence of demyelination, hemorrhage, or pathological immune cell infiltration throughout the brain.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802742-6-1479-5876-5-10-6.jpg"
} | 000533 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "High-level expression of EphA2 is restricted to GL261 glioma in the mouse brain. Paraffin embedded tissue sections prepared from the brains of C57BL/6 mice bearing day 14 GL261 glioma in the right frontal lobe were stained with anti-EphA2 monoclonal antibody (C-20 Ab; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc). After washing, sections were incubated with biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Vector Laboratories), followed by avidin-biotin-complex peroxidase (Vectastain ABC kits; Vector Laboratories). Reaction products were developed using a Nova Red substrate kit (Vector Laboratories) giving rise to red-brown deposits. The sections were also counter-stained with hematoxylin (blue). The letter \"T\" in the figure indicates tumor tissue, with the letter \"N\" in the figure indicating normal brain tissue. Original magnification; × 20.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802742-7-1479-5876-5-10-1.jpg"
} | 000534 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESCs)-derived cells committed toward neuronal/dopaminergic differentiation pathway by co-culturing with PA6 stromal cells for 16 days. (A, B) Phase contrast images of structures formed in hESC colonies. (C) Immunocytochemical analysis of cell composition: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), green; human nuclei marker, red. Scale bars = 100 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802744-2-1471-2164-8-46-2.jpg"
} | 000535 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) used in a study. (A) Phase contrast image of unaltered hESC colony. Immunocytochemical analysis of (B) Ki67, (C) OCT3/4, (D)DAPI, (E) Merge. Scale bars = 100 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802744-4-1471-2164-8-46-1.jpg"
} | 000536 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Image of \"feature tracking\" calculation of systolic longitudinal strain in right ventricle at rest.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802752-1-1476-7120-5-7-2.jpg"
} | 000537 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Image of \"feature tracking\" calculation of systolic longitudinal strain in left ventricle at rest.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802752-4-1476-7120-5-7-1.jpg"
} | 000538 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Cardiomyocyte Surfaces throughout the haf Ventricle Become Excessively Enlarged and Elongated(A–D) Phalloidin staining (red) of wt and haf mutant hearts expressing Tg(cmlc2:egfp) at LHT (A and B) and expanded chamber (C and D) stages.(E) Bar graphs depict surface area and circularity measurements, as in Figure 2. An asterisk indicates statistically significant differences compared to wild-type (wt) data (p < 0.0001). The shape and size of haf cells are significantly different from those of wt cells; at both LHT and expanded chamber stages, haf cells are larger and more elongated.(F–H) Confocal projections of live hearts, as in Figure 2, confirm the abnormal size and shape of haf mutant cardiomyocytes in the expanded ventricle. haf cells ([G and H] arrows) are larger than their wt counterparts ([F] arrow) and can be greatly elongated (G). Size bar represents 20 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802756-0-pbiop0050053pg007.jpg"
} | 000539 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Cells Lacking Vmhc Assume Different Morphologies under Different Hemodynamic Conditions(A–D) Phalloidin staining (red) of wild-type (wt) and wea;haf double mutant hearts expressing Tg(cmlc2:egfp) at LHT (A and B) and expanded chamber (C and D) stages. Insets highlight representative cell shapes in white. wea;haf cells are irregularly shaped and lack apparent organization or alignment.(E) Bar graphs depict surface area and circularity measurements, as in Figure 2. An asterisk indicates statistically significant differences compared to wt data (p < 0.0001). Despite their irregular organization and morphology, wea;haf ventricular cells exhibit a size and circularity range similar to that of wt cells and distinct from that of wea or haf. Notably, wea;haf ventricular cells enlarge more than wea cells do (p < 0.0001), even though wea;haf mutants lack blood flow. Also, wea;haf cell morphologies are not as extreme in size (p < 0.0001) or elongation (p < 0.001) as haf cell morphologies, even though wea;haf mutant cells lack Vmhc.(F–K) Chimeric ventricles resulting from transplantation of rhodamine dextran-labeled blastomeres into wt hosts expressing Tg(cmlc2:egfp). Optical sections of (F, G, and H) are shown in (I, J, and K), respectively. (F, G, I, and J) Cells from wt or wea donors integrate normally within the wall of the wt host ventricle. (H and K) In contrast, cells from haf donors project abnormally from the ventricular wall and fail to maintain normal shape, indicating a cell-autonomous requirement for Vmhc in the maintenance of cardiomyocyte morphology. Size bar represents 20 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802756-1-pbiop0050053pg008.jpg"
} | 000540 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "nppa Expression Distinguishes the OC and IC of the Zebrafish Ventricle(A) Cartoon of the zebrafish LHT (24–28 hpf) and expanded chamber (48–58 hpf) stages. The expanded ventricle (V) and atrium (A) each exhibit an OC and IC, as outlined on the ventricle.(B and F) Live images of embryos expressing Tg(cmlc2:egfp) in the LHT (dorsal view) and in the expanded chambers (frontal view). The arterial and venous halves of the LHT will form the ventricle and atrium, respectively [51]. Specific regions of the LHT will expand to create the OC of the ventricle ([B] arrow) and the OC of the atrium ([B] arrowhead).(C–E and G–I) Whole-mount in situ hybridization comparing expression of the myocardial gene cardiac myosin light chain 2 (cmlc2) with expression of nppa at LHT ([C–E] dorsal view) and expanded chamber ([G–I] frontal view) stages. (E and I) Fluorescent in situ hybridization depicts cmlc2 expression in green and nppa expression in red. In the LHT, nppa expression is regionally restricted to the future OC of the ventricle ([C–E] arrow); at this stage, faint expression is also detectable in the future OC of the atrium ([E] arrowhead). In the expanded chambers, nppa is expressed in the OC, but absent from the IC and atrioventricular canal (G–I).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802756-2-pbiop0050053pg001.jpg"
} | 000541 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "hafsk24 Is a Strong Loss of Function Allele of vmhc, a Ventricle-Specific Myosin Heavy Chain Gene with Expression Complementary to amhc\n(A and B) Fluorescent in situ hybridization for vmhc (green) and amhc (red) in wild-type (wt) embryos at LHT ([A] 26 hpf, dorsal view) and expanded chamber ([B] 48 hpf, frontal view) stages. At all stages examined, vmhc is expressed in the ventricular myocardium [51]. In contrast, amhc expression is restricted to the atrial myocardium [28].(C) Comparison of vmhc coding sequence in wt and hafsk24 embryos reveals a C to T transition at position 3,094 that results in a premature stop codon in hafsk24.(D and E) Whole-mount in situ hybridization depicts frontal view of vmhc expression in wt and haf at 48 hpf. vmhc expression is dramatically reduced in the haf mutant ventricle.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802756-3-pbiop0050053pg006.jpg"
} | 000542 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Regionalization of nppa Expression in wea, haf, and wea;haf Mutants Is Normal at LHT Stages but Abnormal at Expanded Chamber StagesWhole-mount in situ hybridization of nppa (A–D and I–L) compared to cmlc2 (E–H and M–P).(A–H) Dorsal views, ventricle to the top, at LHT stages. (A, B, E, and F) are 28 hpf; (C, D, G, and H) are 30 hpf. Although initiation of nppa expression is delayed in haf (C) and wea;haf (D) mutants, the nppa expression domain is normal in the wea (B), haf (C), and wea;haf (D) LHT.(I–P) Frontal views, ventricle to the left, at expanded chamber stages (52 hpf). (J) Regionalized nppa expression is not maintained in the wea mutant ventricle; instead, nppa expression in the wea ventricle is fainter and in a smaller domain than in wild type (wt) (I). (K) In the haf mutant ventricle, intense nppa expression is found throughout the chamber, rather than being restricted to the OC. (L) The wea;haf double mutant ventricle exhibits weak and diffuse nppa expression.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802756-4-pbiop0050053pg005.jpg"
} | 000543 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Regionally Confined Cell Shape Changes Accompany Chamber Emergence(A and B) Phalloidin staining (red) of wild-type hearts expressing Tg(cmlc2:egfp). Insets show representative cell shapes filled in white.(C and D) Bar graphs depict surface area and circularity measurements of LHT, IC, and OC cells. Bar height indicates the mean value of a dataset, and error bars indicate standard error. An asterisk indicates statistically significant differences compared to LHT data (p < 0.0001). See Materials and Methods for details of morphometric analyses. (C) Surface area measurements in fixed samples demonstrate that IC and OC cells are significantly larger than LHT cells. (D) Cell shape assessments in fixed samples demonstrate that OC cells are significantly elongated relative to the more circular LHT and IC cells.(E–L) Confocal projections of live Tg(cmlc2:egfp)-expressing hearts that exhibit mosaic expression of Tg(cmlc2:dsredt4). Arrows point to representative cells expressing both dsredt4 and egfp. Three-dimensional assessment of cell morphologies in live embryos confirms that LHT (E and I) and IC (H and L) cells are relatively cuboidal, whereas OC cells are flattened and elongated (F, G, J, and K). OC cells are typically oriented with their long axes perpendicular to the arterial–venous axis (F and J), although some examples do not exhibit obvious orientation (G and K).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802756-5-pbiop0050053pg002.jpg"
} | 000544 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Mutation of wea and haf Cause Chamber-Specific Contractility DefectsAnalysis of wea, haf, and wea;haf double mutants at 48 hpf reveals abnormal ventricular morphology and chamber-specific sarcomere deficiencies. hafsk24 and weam58 are recessive mutations that independently segregate; intercrosses of fish doubly heterozygous for wea and haf produce a 9:3:3:1 ratio of wild type:wea:haf:wea;haf.(A–D) Lateral views of live embryos, anterior to the top, ventricular plane of focus. (A) The wild-type (wt) ventricle possesses distinct concave (arrowhead) and convex (arrow) curvatures. (B) In contrast, the wea ventricle appears small, with less-pronounced curvatures. (C) The haf ventricle appears large and distended, with a notable separation between the myocardium and endocardium. (D) The wea;haf ventricle is small, with relatively spherical contours.(E–L) Whole-mount immunofluorescence detecting tropomyosin (CH1; green) and sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MF20; red). Lateral views, ventricle to the left. Tropomyosin is present in all cardiomyocytes (E–H). In contrast, myosin heavy chain appears absent from the wea atrium (J), haf ventricle (K), and both chambers of the wea;haf heart (L).(M–T) Ultrastructural analysis of cardiomyocytes by transmission electron microscopy. Normal myofibril arrays (arrows) are present in wt chambers (M and Q), in the wea ventricle (N), and in the haf atrium (S). Organized myofibril arrays are absent from the wea atrium (R), the haf ventricle (O), and both chambers of the wea;haf heart (P and T).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802756-6-pbiop0050053pg003.jpg"
} | 000545 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Cardiomyocytes in the wea Mutant Ventricle Retain Small Surface Areas and Fail to Elongate Normally(A–D) Phalloidin staining (red) of wild-type (wt) and wea mutant hearts expressing Tg(cmlc2:egfp) at LHT (A and B) and expanded chamber (C and D) stages.(E) Bar graphs depict surface area and circularity measurements, as in Figure 2. An asterisk indicates statistically significant differences compared to wt data (p < 0.0001). Since chamber curvatures are less distinct in wea mutants than they are in wt embryos, OC and IC data are pooled for comparison of cell size and shape at expanded chamber stages. Analysis of fixed samples demonstrates that wea cell surfaces are significantly smaller and more circular at chamber stages in comparison to wt. The trend toward smaller cell size in wea is also apparent at LHT stages (p < 0.05).(F–H) Confocal projections of live hearts, as in Figure 2, confirm the contrast between cell morphologies in wt and wea mutant ventricles. The wt OC typically contains elongated cells ([F] arrows), whereas wea OC cells have a smaller and less spread-out appearance, even when elongated ([G] arrow), and are frequently cuboidal ([G and H] arrowheads). Size bar represents 20 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802756-7-pbiop0050053pg004.jpg"
} | 000546 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Endothelial Cell N-Cadherin Colocalizes with Wild-Type C. albicans, but Not an als3Δ/als3Δ Mutant StrainConfocal micrographs of uninfected endothelial cells (A–C), or endothelial cells infected with the wild-type strain (D–G), the als3Δ/als3Δ null mutant (H–K), or the als3Δ/als3Δ::ALS3-complemented strain (L–O). The cells were stained for N-cadherin (A), (D), (H), and (L), actin microfilaments (B), (E), (I), and (M), and C. albicans (F), (J), and (N). The merged images are shown in (C), (G), (K), and (O). Arrows indicate the accumulation of N-cadherin and microfilaments around the organisms. Bar in (O) indicates 10 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802757-8-pbiop0050064pg003.jpg"
} | 000547 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "E-Cadherin from Oral Epithelial Cells Colocalizes with Wild-Type C. albicans, but Not an als3Δ/als3Δ Mutant StrainConfocal micrographs of uninfected FaDu oral epithelial cells (A–C) or epithelial cells infected with the wild-type strain (D–G), the als3Δ/als3Δ null mutant (H–K), or the als3Δ/als3Δ::ALS3-complemented strain (L–O). The cells were stained for E-cadherin (A), (D), (H), and (L), microfilaments (B), (E), (I), and (M), and C. albicans (F), (J), and (N). The merged images are shown in (C), (G), (K), and (O). Arrows indicate the accumulation of E-cadherin and microfilaments around the organisms. Bar in (O) indicates 10 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802757-9-pbiop0050064pg004.jpg"
} | 000548 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "SA1 Location in the Grasshopper E. plorans First Meiotic Prophase Spermatocytes(A and B) Leptotene and pachytene spermatocytes. Note that, despite the fact that this image corresponds to the proyection of several focal planes, there is no SA1 signaling in the leptotene spermatocyte. Le, leptotene; Nu, nucleolus.(C and D) Zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes. Note the presence of short SA1 threads in the zygotene nucleus. Zy, zygotene.(E) Magnification of the periphery of a pachytene nucleus. Note the accumulation of SA1 at the ends of the linear structures formed by SA1 at their contact with the nuclear envelope.(F and G) Enlargements of this association in frontal (F) and lateral (G) views, respectively.(H and I) Projection of all focal planes throughout the univalent sex chromosome from a pachytene spermatocyte. The chromatin of this chromosome is easily distinguished. Note the absence of SA1 signal inside the sex chromosome.(J) Merged image of the SA1 staining and the chromatin counterstaining. The presence of SA1 signaling in the autosomes is quite evident.(K and L) Early diplotene cell in which a barbed wire–like staining of SA1 is seen.(M and N) Late diplotene spermatocyte showing SA1 staining at the interchromatid domain. Note the SA1 accumulations present at the homologous centromere regions of the bivalents (arrowheads). (B, D, I, L, and N) correspond to the DAPI-stained chromatin of the spermatocytes. The position of the single sex chromosome is marked with an X. (A, B, C, D, H, I, and J) are images from confocal microscopy. (E, F, G, K, L, M, and N) are images from fluorescence microscopy.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802827-2-pgenp0030028pg003.jpg"
} | 000549 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Double Immunolocation of RAD21 and SMC3 in the Grasshopper L. migratoria Spermatocytes during First Meiotic ProphaseIn all of the images, SMC3 is presented in red, RAD21 in green, and in the superimposed images the colocalization regions are visible in yellow. The chromatin was counterstained with DAPI (blue).(A–D) Panoramic vision of different spermatocytes in leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene. The SMC3 labeling is presented in (A), the RAD21 in (B), their superimposition in (C), and finally in (D), the DAPI staining of the chromatin. Note the complete colocalization of SMC3 and RAD21 at the synapsed autosomal regions in both zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes. Le, leptotene; Zy, zygotene; P, pachytene.(E–H) From early up to (I–L) late diplotene the colocalization detected in pachytene is gradually lost.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802827-4-pgenp0030028pg005.jpg"
} | 000550 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Persistent Effects of 2 mg/ml Dox Treatment on Circadian Activity Rhythms of Scg2::tTA/tetO::Clock\nΔ19-HA Double Transgenic MiceAlthough the effect of Dox treatment was relatively rapid (+Dox, also see Figure 2), the treatment was not immediately reversible upon returning to water (−Dox) from 2 mg/ml Dox. It took at least 3 mo before the double transgenic mice returned to their original longer circadian period.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802832-3-pgenp0030033pg003.jpg"
} | 000551 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Locomotor Activity Records of Progeny from Scg2::tTA × tetO::Clockwt -HA Matings: Representative ActogramsActograms of (A) WT, (B) single transgenic Scg2-tTA, (C) single transgenic tetO::Clockwt-HA, and (D and E) double transgenic Scg2::tTA/tetO::Clockwt-HA mice. All double transgenic mice, expressing the Clockwt -HA TG, showed a shortening of circadian period of approximately 1 h, beyond the normal WT values. Mice that carry only a single TG (Scg2::tTA or tetO::Clock\nΔ19-HA) showed circadian period range similar to their WT littermates. At the first arrow, all animals were given Dox (10 μg/ml) to turn off transgenically induced CLOCKwt-HA. At the second arrow, Dox was withdrawn to switch back on the Clockwt-HA TG. A similar effect on circadian period was observed when Dox was administered and withdrawn for the second time in the same animal.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802832-4-pgenp0030033pg006.jpg"
} | 000552 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Regulation of the Clock\nΔ19 TG Using the tTA System(A) Schematic diagram showing the Tet-Off system and constructs used for generating the tTA transactivator and target tetO transgenic lines. The Scg2 promoter drives the expression of tTA, which binds to an array of cognate operator sequences in the absence of Dox but not in its presence, resulting in transcriptional activation or repression of the HA-tagged ClockΔ19 TG, respectively.(B) Analysis of the Scg2::tTA line: (a) in situ hybridization of the tTA transcript, using an antisense tTA oligo probe, on coronal brain slices; (b) in situ hybridization of a control sense tTA oligo probe shows absence of specific hybridization and indicates that the antisense tTA oligo probe hybridization is specific; and (c and d) β-galactosidase staining of SCN/brain-specific induction of the LacZ TG in Scg2::tTA/tetO-lacZ mice, using two different tetO-lacZ reporter lines (lac1 and lac2).(C) In situ hybridization of endogenous WT Clock and HA-tagged ClockΔ19 TG from Scg2::tTA × tetO::ClockΔ19-HA matings: representative coronal brain slices of (a and b) WT mice; (c and d) single transgenic Scg2::tTA mice; (e and f) single transgenic tetO::ClockΔ19-HA mice; and (g and h) double transgenic Scg2::tTA/tetO::ClockΔ19-HA mice.(D) Western blot analysis of transgenically induced CLOCKΔ19 and endogenous WT CLOCK in cerebellar lysates from all four possible genotypes. For the double transgenic mice, total brain lysates from five of the independent lines are shown with their line identity numbers indicated. Two independent mice from line 5 are also shown. The red asterisk indicates the WT protein, while the green asterisk denotes the HA-tagged CLOCKΔ19.(E) Western blot analysis of HA-tagged CLOCKΔ19 of various tissues from the double transgenic mice.(F–L) Immunocytochemical analysis of Scg2::tTA/tetO::Clock\nΔ19\n-HA mice. (F) Nuclear location of the CLOCKΔ19-HA. SCN/coronal sections were labeled with anti-HA antibody to detect transgenically induced CLOCKΔ19-HA (×100 magnification). (G–I) SCN/coronal sections were double labeled to detect transgenically induced CLOCKΔ19-HA (green, G) and endogenous vasopressin (AVP) (red, H). (I) Overlay of CLOCKΔ19-HA and AVP expression. (J–L) Double labeling of transgenically induced CLOCKΔ19-HA (green, J) and endogenous VIP (red, K). (L) Overlay of CLOCKΔ19-HA and VIP expression. Cells that express both the CLOCKΔ19\n-HA and VP/VIP are shown in yellow in overlaid figures. (G–L) Captured with a ×20 objective.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802832-5-pgenp0030033pg001.jpg"
} | 000553 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Histopathology profiles of guinea pig lung tissue sections after exposure to air or cigarette smoke in the presence and absence of black tea. Marked enlargement of airspaces was found in lung sections of the guinea pigs in the CS group (see 'Materials and Methods'). The number of guinea pigs used in each group was 4. Eight images were analyzed in 4 lung sections (2 images/section/animal) from each group (magnification ×10). In sharp contrast to the CS-exposed groups (CS group), the enlargement of airspace was greatly reduced in the CS+BT group. The number of air spaces analyzed and the morphometric measurements with statistical difference between the groups are shown in Table 1. A, air-exposed guinea pigs given water as the drink (sham control); B, CS-exposed guinea pigs given water as the drink; C, air-exposed guinea pigs given BT as the drink; D, CS-exposed guinea pigs given BT as the drink.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802835-4-1476-9255-4-3-2.jpg"
} | 000554 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Detection of DNA strand breaks in lung cells of guinea pigs exposed to air or CS in the presence or absence of BT by TUNEL assay. The guinea pigs were exposed to air or CS (as described under Materials and Methods) and sacrificed after 7 days of exposure. Lower Panel: the lung sections were stained with fluorescein labeled dUTP according to the protocols discussed under 'Materials and Methods'. A, guinea pigs exposed to air and given water as a drink; B, guinea pigs exposed to CS and given water as a drink; C, guinea pigs exposed to air and given BT as the drink; D, guinea pigs exposed to CS and given BT as the drink. Upper Panel: Lung sections corresponding to the upper panel were counterstained with DAPI to identify the cell nuclei.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802835-6-1476-9255-4-3-4.jpg"
} | 000555 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "A, Immunoblots of the DNP-derivatives of lung proteins of guinea pigs exposed to air or CS after day 1 and day 3. Twenty five μg protein isolated from air-exposed or CS-exposed guinea pigs were converted, without any further treatment, to the DNP-derivative followed by immunoblotting as mentioned in Materials and Methods. 1 and 3 mean exposed to air (sham control) or CS for 1 day and 3 days, respectively. B, C, Histopathology profiles of guinea pig lung tissue sections after exposure to cigarette smoke for 3 days. B shows infiltration of inflammatory cells in the septal regions. C shows accumulation of leukocytes within the alveolar cells that are in all probability macrophages (indicated by → ; magnification × 20)",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802835-7-1476-9255-4-3-3.jpg"
} | 000556 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Appearance of filamentous structures labeled by myosin constructs. A) Maximum projection (z = 121 μm) of serial confocal sections of an onion epidermal cell transiently expressing YFP::myosin XI-5- 1/2 coil. B) Maximum projection (z = 18 μm) of serial confocal sections of an onion epidermal cell transiently expressing YFP::myosin XI-17-tail. C) Maximum projection (z = 24 μm) of serial confocal sections of an onion epidermal cell transiently expressing YFP::myosin XI-15-tail. Bar in A-C = 50 μm. D) Close-up of the microtubule-like structures in an onion epidermal cell transiently expressing YFP::myosin XI-15-tail.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802837-2-1471-2229-7-6-10.jpg"
} | 000557 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Transient expression of YFP-class XI-tail myosins in tobacco leaves. YFP-class XI-tail myosins were agroinfiltrated into tobacco leaves and the expression was observed 24 h later. A) Maximum projection (cell depth = 25 μm) of a z-stack series. B-F) Single confocal pictures. The pinhole was more opened in figures D and E. Yellow represents the YFP signal, chloroplasts are pseudo-colored in red. Bar = 10 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802837-3-1471-2229-7-6-3.jpg"
} | 000558 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Co-localization experiment with YFP::Myosin XI-16-tail and YFP::Myosin XI-17-tail against peroxisome, mitochondrial and Golgi markers. Transient expression of (A) YFP::Myosin XI-16-tail or (B) YFP::Myosin XI-17-tail in tobacco leaves 48 h after Agrobacterium co-infiltration with either peroxisome marker DsRed2::catalase, or mitochondrial marker coxIV::GFP, or Golgi marker ERD2::GFP. All signals are pseudo-colored. Bar = 10 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802837-5-1471-2229-7-6-9.jpg"
} | 000559 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Co-localization experiment with YFP::Myosin XI-5-tail and YFP::Myosin XI-6-nocoil against peroxisome, mitochondrial and Golgi markers. Transient expression of (A) YFP::Myosin XI-5-tail or (B) YFP::Myosin XI-6-nocoil in tobacco leaves 48 h after Agrobacterium co-infiltration with either peroxisome marker DsRed2::catalase, or mitochondrial marker coxIV::GFP, or Golgi marker ERD2::GFP. All signals are pseudo-colored. Bar = 10 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802837-6-1471-2229-7-6-7.jpg"
} | 000560 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "YFP::catalase and DsRed2::catalase label peroxisomes. A) Transient expression of YFP::catalase (yellow) in onion cells 24 h after bombardment. Maximum projection (cell depth = 92 μm) of 50 z-stack series. B) Transient expression of YFP::catalase (yellow) in tobacco leaves 48 h after Agrobacterium infiltration. Autofluorescence of chloroplasts is pseudo-colored in red. C) Transient expression of DsRed2::catalase (red) in tobacco leaves 48 h after Agrobacterium infiltration. Autofluorescence of chloroplasts is pseudo-colored in blue.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802837-7-1471-2229-7-6-1.jpg"
} | 000561 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Short myosin XI tail length fusion constructs are insufficient to be targeted to organelles. Tobacco leaf cells after Agrobacterium infiltration with different myosin tail length fusion constructs. A-D) Complete tail constructs. E-G) 1/2 coil constructs. H-J) Nocoil constructs. K-N) 1/2 tail constructs. O-R) Dilute constructs. The yellow signal is from the YFP fusion constructs, red is chlorophyll autofluorescence. The shorter the tail, the more unspecific cytoplasmic labeling is observed. Rather few punctuate structures were observed in cells with 1/2 tail or dilute constructs. n/d = not determined. Bar = 10 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802837-8-1471-2229-7-6-6.jpg"
} | 000562 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Co-localization experiment with YFP::Myosin XI-8-tail and YFP::Myosin XI-15-tail against peroxisome, mitochondrial and Golgi markers. Transient expression of (A) YFP::Myosin XI-8-tail or (B) YFP::Myosin XI-15-tail in tobacco leaves 48 h after Agrobacterium co-infiltration with either peroxisome marker DsRed2::catalase, or mitochondrial marker coxIV::GFP, or Golgi marker ERD2::GFP. All signals are pseudo-colored. Bar = 10 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802837-9-1471-2229-7-6-8.jpg"
} | 000563 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Initial abdominal CT demonstrating free air and fluid and cecal mass; mass in tail of pancreas not initially noted.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802866-0-1477-7819-5-14-1.jpg"
} | 000564 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Gross specimen of left colon, pancreas and spleen. The specimen has been sectioned to reveal the mass adjacent to the splenic hilum.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802866-1-1477-7819-5-14-4.jpg"
} | 000565 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Post operative day six abdominal CT demonstrating pancreatic tail/splenic flexure mass and dilated colon proximal to splenic flexure.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802866-2-1477-7819-5-14-3.jpg"
} | 000566 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Mesenteric nodule. Invasive malignant glands arising in a dense, fibrotic background. No lymphatic components are visualized.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802866-3-1477-7819-5-14-2.jpg"
} | 000567 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "A: Poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma, H&E stain (400×). B: Same patient showing YKL-40 immunoreactivity within the cytoplasm of tumor cells (400×).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802867-1-1477-7819-5-17-1.jpg"
} | 000568 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "QD-induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and change in membrane potential. a. Spectrofluorometric assessment of lipid membrane peroxidation by ratiometric approach in untreated (Ctrl) or QD-treated cells. The ratio between the red and green fluorescence in the control was taken as 100% and all other values with NAC or QD treatments were expressed relative to it. All values are means from quadruplicate measurements and are obtained from three independent (N = 12) experiments (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). b. Confocal micrograph showing dual labeling of oxidized lipids (green fluorescence from oxidized BODIPY-C11) within mitochondria (labeled with MitoTracker Deep Red 633). Insets show two adjacent cells from the same field. Scale bar = 10 μm. c. Confocal micrographs of SH-SY5Y cells labeled with JC-1 reveal decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential after QD treatment. Cells were treated with 5 μg/mL QD and typical change in fluorescence from red (Em = 590 nm) to green (Em = 530 nm) was assessed in cell cultures in serum-free medium (control) or QD (5 μg/mL). Note an enhanced intensity of green fluorescence in QD-treated cells. The micrograph illustrates the loss in mitochondrial potential upon oxidative stress induced by QDs. Scale bar = 10 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802956-1-1477-3155-5-1-4.jpg"
} | 000569 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Atlas VOI selection. The VOI selection button sends a request to the server to obtain a list of VOIs for the currently loaded 3D atlas data set. This listing of VOIs is presented to the researcher on the above form (a), from which she can selectively activate specific VOIs for viewing superimposed on the atlas view. (b).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1802997-0-1471-2105-8-40-3.jpg"
} | 000570 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Novel Biological Platforms Unveiled in the BarnyardStudies on viruses of veterinary interest have revealed many fundamental aspects of pathogen biology. (A) Dairy cows grazing the Scottish hills. (B) Rous sarcoma virus particles budding from the surface of chicken fibroblasts as imaged by scanning electron microscopy. (C) Histology from a lung section of a sheep affected by maedi-visna virus showing chronic interstitial pneumonia. (D) Immunohistochemistry showing disease-associated prion protein (PrP) vascular amyloid in the cerebellar cortex of a sheep affected by scrapie.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803002-0-ppatp0030012pg001.jpg"
} | 000571 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Location of GAAPs(A) U2OS-neo (top row), U2OS-v-GAAP (middle row), or U2OS-h-GAAP (lower row) cells were stained using an anti-HA mAb together with an α-GM130 Ab. All primary Abs were detected with secondary Abs conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate or tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Scale bars, 20 μm. The right panel shows an immunoblot analysis of U2OS stable cell lines using an α-HA mAb.(B) Top left panel: Cryo-immunoelectron microscopy was used to label the v-GAAP HA-tagged protein in U2OS v-GAAP cells with anti-HA mAb (Covance, diluted 1/10), followed by rabbit anti-mouse (Cappel) and 6-nm protein-A Au (scale bars 100 nm, top left panel). Golgi stack morphology was compared in the different cell lines by conventional thin sections of Epon-embedded samples and was examined by electron microscopy in U2OS-neo (top right panel), US-OS-v-GAAP (lower left panel), and U2OS h-GAAP (lower right panel). Scale bars, 200 nm.(C) HeLa cells were transfected with pCI-h-GAAPHA or pCI-v-GAAPHA and fixed 4 h post transfection. GAAPs were detected using an α-HA mAb, and cells were co-stained with the Golgi marker α-GM130. Scale bars, 20 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803007-2-ppatp0030017pg003.jpg"
} | 000572 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "v-GAAP Complements for Loss of h-GAAP(A) U2OS-v-GAAP or U2OS-h-GAAP cells were transfected with siRNA oligonucleotides directed against h-GAAP (siRNAs 1–3) or v-GAAP (siRNA1) for 36 h. v-GAAP and h-GAAP expression was assessed by immunofluorescence using an α-HA mAb, followed by secondary Ab conjugated to FITC. The upper and third rows of panels show the fluorescent images, and the second and bottom rows show merged images of the fluorescent panel (immediately above) and an image of the same cells taken by differential interference contrast microscopy. Images shown are representative for at least three independent experiments. Scale bars, 20 μm.(B) Cell morphology of U2OS-h-GAAP or U2OS-v-GAAP cells 56 h after transfection with GAAP siRNAs 1–3 was assessed as for Figure 4B.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803007-4-ppatp0030017pg007.jpg"
} | 000573 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Specific inhibition of fMAPK pathway output by MPT5.(A) Diploid strains with either a minimal filamentation-MAPK-pathway output reporter (FRE-GFP) or a mating-MAPK reporter (PRE-GFP) and the indicated genotypes were grown under yeast-form conditions and subjected to flow cytofluorometry. (B) The morphology and fluorescence of MPT5+ and mpt5Δ diploid cells with FRE-GFP were imaged by transmitted light and confocal fluorescence microscopy.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803019-4-ponep0000249pg006.jpg"
} | 000574 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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{
"caption": "Repression of yeast filamentous-form phenotypes by MPT5.(A–D) Diploid yeast were grown under yeast-form conditions (SCD liquid and SCD) or filamentous-form conditions (SLAD) and microscopically imaged. (E) Patches of yeast were grown on rich medium agar and subjected to a washing-off assay of adhesion.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803019-5-ponep0000249pg001.jpg"
} | 000575 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "A small sample of Anolis dewlaps exemplifying observed morphological diversity. Some images are modified from original photographs and used with permission from David Hillis and Richard Glor. Species depicted are as follows (in order right to left and top to bottom): A. pulchellus, A. sericeus, A. liogaster, A. longitibalis, A. cobanensis, A. gorgonae, A. cristatellus, A. chlorocyanus, A. reconditus, A. christophei, A. cuprinus, A. new species, A. lineatopus, A. annectens, A. baleatus, A. auratus.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803026-0-ponep0000274pg001.jpg"
} | 000576 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Dewlap patterns mapped on to a phylogeny for Anolis species. Patterns are indicated in color on the phylogeny (color legend upper left). Polymorphic species are those that exhibited two or more pattern morphs (see text for how this was handled analytically). Patterns are defined in the text. This tree includes all of the species used in the tests for phylogenetic signal of dewlap characters. The tree is modified from Nicholson et al.'s [20] anole tree but has been pruned of taxa for which dewlap information was lacking. Analyses were based on an ultrametric version of this tree, but is reproduced here in cladogram form for enhanced viewing of dewlap pattern information.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803026-5-ponep0000274pg003.jpg"
} | 000577 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Over-expression of Ey(2a) and Ey isoforms leads to different phenotypes. (A) Representative eye phenotypes obtained after expression of Ey (panel b) or Ey(2a) (panel c) isoforms under the control of ey-Gal4, compared to wild-type flies (panel a). Ey isoform expression induces strong disorganization of the ommatidia lattice (compare panels e and d). Ommatidia appear of variable size with possible fusion between them, as observed in (panel h). ey>Ey flies often display local overgrowth in the eyes (arrowhead in panel b). Expression of the Ey(2a) isoform only reduces the size of the eye (panels c and f) with moderate disorganization of the omatidia lattice (panel i). (B) Expression of Ey (panel a) and Ey(2a) (panel b) isoforms under the control of MS1096. (C) Ectopic expression of Ey and Ey(2a) in the wing induces expression of downstream target genes at different levels. RT-PCR analyses were performed to measure the expression of eyeless (panel ey), the ribobosomal Rp49 (panel rp49), Sine oculis (panel so), eyes absent (panel eya), shifted (panel shf) and Optix (panel opx) mRNAs in wing discs from wild type (lane 1) MS1096>Ey (lane 2) and MS1096>Ey(2a) (lane 3) third instar larvae.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803029-2-ponep0000253pg004.jpg"
} | 000578 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "An artifactual cleft between the epithelium and the stroma of the scalp skin in a patient with LPP. Original magnification 100×.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803766-1-1746-160X-3-11-3.jpg"
} | 000579 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Ln-1, Ln-5, Coll IV, α3β1 and α6β4 integrins staining in a hair follicle from involved scalp skin of a patient with LLP.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803766-2-1746-160X-3-11-2.jpg"
} | 000580 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Ln-1, Ln-5, Coll IV, α3β1 and α6β4 integrins staining in a hair follicle from uninvolved scalp skin of a healthy subject.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803766-3-1746-160X-3-11-1.jpg"
} | 000581 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "PepChip profiles of undiluted, 2× diluted, and 4× diluted cell lysates of fresh 2- week-old Arabidopsis plants. Chips were exposed on a phosphorimager plate for 7 days, inverse spots intensities are shown. The two technical replicates present per chip can be seen as identical patterns at the left and right half of the chip.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803769-0-1746-4811-3-3-1.jpg"
} | 000582 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "PepChip profiles of mock- (C) and P. syringae-treated (Pst) Arabidopsis plants for three biological replicates.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803769-1-1746-4811-3-3-6.jpg"
} | 000583 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "PepChip profiles of fresh, frozen, and older plants. Lysates of seedlings of 2-week-old (young) were made from fresh material or after snap-freezing in N2(l) and storage at -80°C, also lysates from fresh 5-week-old plants (old) were tested. All lysates were 4× diluted before application to the chip.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803769-3-1746-4811-3-3-2.jpg"
} | 000584 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "PepChip profiles of lysates without addition of non-radioactive ATP (0 μM ATP) or with 10 μM or 50 μM ATP added. 2-Week-old frozen plants were used and 4× diluted. The three technical replicates on these large kinome PepChips are present above each other.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803769-4-1746-4811-3-3-3.jpg"
} | 000585 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging showing hyper-intense lesion involving the left temporal and parieto-occipital regions. The tumor is crossing the midline to the right parietal region.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803773-0-1746-1596-2-6-1.jpg"
} | 000586 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "The pseudopapillae formed by glial fibrillary acid protein positive cells and synaptophysin positive neuronal cells forming solid areas. GFAP = glial fibrillary acid protein, Synapto = synaptophysin.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803773-1-1746-1596-2-6-3.jpg"
} | 000587 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "(a) Papillary glioneuronal tumor with pseudopapillary configuration, (b) Solid area of the tumor composed of loosely placed cells with round nuclei and scanty cytoplasm, (c) Marked thickening and hyalinization of the vessels, (d) Angiomatous area with vascular proliferation.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803773-2-1746-1596-2-6-2.jpg"
} | 000588 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "2A Image of Spot 4XI; 2B Image of Landsat 7; 2C Image of ERS2; 2D Image of Envisat. The surrounded zones show rice fields that are not detectable with Spot, but could be detected by Radar images.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803775-6-1476-072X-6-2-2.jpg"
} | 000589 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Brain MR demonstrating asymmetric density (arrow) at the inferior margin of L globus pallidus in 46,XX del(4)(q32).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803779-1-1750-1172-2-9-5.jpg"
} | 000590 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Fibroadipose nodule (arrow) interposed between right round ligament (RR) and right Fallopian tube (RF). U = uterus, RO = right ovary.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803779-2-1750-1172-2-9-4.jpg"
} | 000591 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Vesicle-like punctations (arrow) observed on serosa of R fallopian tube (RF). RO = right ovary.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803779-3-1750-1172-2-9-3.jpg"
} | 000592 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Left hand radiograph showing characteristic abnormal fifth distal phalanx (arrow) in 46,XX del(4)(q32). The defect was bilateral.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803779-4-1750-1172-2-9-6.jpg"
} | 000593 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Phosphorylation of ERK in the ipsilateral dorsal horn after different types of noxious stimulus. pERK-immunostaining in confocal images of parasagittal sections through the medial part of the left dorsal horn from rats that were perfused with fixative 5 mins after the end of different types of noxious stimulus: a repeated pinching of the skin of the foot for 1 min (pinch), b immersion of the hindpaw in water at 52°C for 1 min (heat), c injection of 100 μl 2% formaldehyde into the hindpaw (form). These sections were also immunostained for PKCγ (not shown) and the two dashed lines, which outline lamina IIi, were drawn from the location of the plexus of PKCγ-immunoreactive dendrites (for further details see text). The positions of laminae I, IIo and III are also indicated in a. In all cases there is strong pERK-immunoreactivity that is mainly restricted to laminae I and IIo. Some pERK-immunoreactive cells were seen ventral to the IIo/IIi border, particularly after pinch. All images are projections of z-series consisting of 10 optical sections at 2 μm spacing. Scale bar = 100 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803781-0-1744-8069-3-4-1.jpg"
} | 000594 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "pERK and NK1r following noxious thermal stimulation or formaldehyde injection. Confocal images that show immunoreactivity for pERK (a,c) and NK1r (b,d) in parasagittal sections of the left dorsal horn following immersion of the hindpaw in water at 52°C (a,b) or injection of 2% formaldehyde (c,d). In each case there is a single large lamina III NK1r-immunoreactive neuron that is also pERK-positive, and there is internalisation of the receptor on its dorsal dendrites (arrows). The images are projections of 11 (a,b) or 8 (c,d) optical sections at 2 μm z-spacing. Scale bar = 50 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803781-1-1744-8069-3-4-3.jpg"
} | 000595 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "pERK and NK1r following pinch. These confocal images show a pERK- and b NK1r-immunoreactivity in a parasagittal section of the left dorsal horn following pinch stimulation. a Many pERK-positive profiles are present in a band that corresponds to laminae I and IIo. In b, the cell body of a large NK1r-positive lamina III neuron is indicated with an asterisk, and one of its dorsal dendrites is shown with arrows. The dorsal half of this dendrite (dorsal to the middle arrow) shows internalisation of the NK1r. The cell body and dorsal dendrite of the neuron are weakly immunoreactive for pERK (a). Two other pERK-positive cells in lamina III are indicated with arrowheads. These are not NK1r-immunoreactive, but have dorsal dendrites that extend at least as far as lamina II. The open arrowheads point to the dendrite of a large NK1r-immunoreactive lamina I neuron that has internalised receptor (b) and pERK-immunostaining (a). Images are projections of 7 optical sections at 2 μm z-spacing. Scale bar = 50 μm.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803781-2-1744-8069-3-4-2.jpg"
} | 000596 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Patient n°3: final aspect. Dotted circle: size of the remaining hole. Arrow: vein graft on the LAD artery (IMA was grafted on a large obtuse marginal branch).",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803783-1-1749-8090-2-10-3.jpg"
} | 000597 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Patient n°11: systolic shape at pre-post-operative angiography. A satisfactory conical shape was achieved after antero-septal excision and reconstruction by double-patch technique.",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803783-2-1749-8090-2-10-4.jpg"
} | 000598 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
|
{
"caption": "Patient n°3: antero-apical excision for akinesia without septal involvement. The thick cut surface is somewhat bleeding because the heart was beating",
"subfigure_path": "/datasets/PMC-15M/filtered_biomedica/filtered_v4/subfigures_final/subfig_0_filelist_commercial_batch_0_103-PMC1803783-3-1749-8090-2-10-2.jpg"
} | 000599 | hf://datasets/vector-institute/open-pmc-18m@6109d453e9b8e2de3564869941b2e622faddd8d3/data_00000.tar |
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